Census Profile, 2016 Census
Alma, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec and Carleton, County [Census division], New Brunswick

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Alma, V Quebec [Census subdivision]			Carleton, CT New Brunswick [Census division]
	Data quality , Alma, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec Map : Alma, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec Change geography 1			Data quality : Carleton, County [Census division], New Brunswick Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	30,776	...	...	26,220	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	30,904	...	...	27,019	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	-0.4	...	...	-3.0	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	14,312	...	...	11,823	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	13,654	...	...	10,765	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	156.6	...	...	7.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	196.54	...	...	3,312.72	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	30,775	15,270	15,505	26,220	12,840	13,380
0 to 14 years	4,825	2,485	2,340	4,270	2,195	2,075
0 to 4 years	1,500	795	700	1,315	670	645
5 to 9 years	1,730	895	840	1,475	760	715
10 to 14 years	1,600	795	800	1,485	765	715
15 to 64 years	19,440	9,860	9,580	17,005	8,395	8,610
15 to 19 years	1,600	810	785	1,680	875	805
20 to 24 years	1,660	850	810	1,345	655	685
25 to 29 years	1,530	780	750	1,235	620	615
30 to 34 years	1,680	875	805	1,365	625	745
35 to 39 years	1,830	925	910	1,465	725	735
40 to 44 years	1,600	825	770	1,695	845	855
45 to 49 years	1,630	830	795	1,870	905	965
50 to 54 years	2,515	1,260	1,260	2,070	1,005	1,065
55 to 59 years	2,885	1,445	1,440	2,210	1,115	1,100
60 to 64 years	2,510	1,255	1,255	2,070	1,025	1,040
65 years and over	6,510	2,925	3,585	4,945	2,250	2,690
65 to 69 years	1,930	940	990	1,795	885	910
70 to 74 years	1,580	725	860	1,095	550	540
75 to 79 years	1,195	525	675	825	370	455
80 to 84 years	925	385	540	605	245	355
85 years and over	875	355	520	630	205	420
85 to 89 years	615	250	365	360	130	230
90 to 94 years	220	90	135	190	60	135
95 to 99 years	35	10	20	70	15	50
100 years and over	0	5	0	5	5	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.7	16.3	15.1	16.3	17.1	15.5
15 to 64 years	63.2	64.6	61.8	64.9	65.4	64.3
65 years and over	21.2	19.2	23.1	18.9	17.5	20.1
85 years and over	2.8	2.3	3.4	2.4	1.6	3.1
Average age of the population	44.2	43.1	45.2	42.8	41.9	43.7
Median age of the population	47.0	45.5	48.8	45.1	44.4	45.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	13,655	...	...	10,765	...	...
Single-detached house	6,900	...	...	8,625	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	30	...	...	15	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	6,660	...	...	1,640	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,025	...	...	205	...	...
Row house	250	...	...	195	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,935	...	...	205	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,295	...	...	1,005	...	...
Other single-attached house	150	...	...	35	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	70	...	...	490	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	13,655	...	...	10,765	...	...
1 person	4,535	...	...	2,785	...	...
2 persons	5,245	...	...	4,190	...	...
3 persons	1,710	...	...	1,690	...	...
4 persons	1,465	...	...	1,340	...	...
5 or more persons	705	...	...	755	...	...
Number of persons in private households	29,770	...	...	25,765	...	...
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	25,950	12,785	13,160	21,950	10,645	11,305
Married or living common law	15,460	7,700	7,760	13,610	6,810	6,800
Married	9,005	4,495	4,510	11,475	5,745	5,725
Living common law	6,450	3,205	3,245	2,140	1,070	1,075
Not married and not living common law	10,490	5,085	5,405	8,340	3,830	4,505
Never married	6,505	3,715	2,790	4,870	2,685	2,190
Separated	340	170	170	610	270	335
Divorced	1,850	775	1,080	1,290	560	735
Widowed	1,790	425	1,360	1,560	315	1,245
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	8,850	...	...	7,855	...	...
2 persons	5,170	...	...	4,340	...	...
3 persons	1,630	...	...	1,630	...	...
4 persons	1,420	...	...	1,285	...	...
5 or more persons	635	...	...	595	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	8,850	...	...	7,855	...	...
Total couple families	7,570	...	...	6,695	...	...
Married couples	4,350	...	...	5,625	...	...
Common-law couples	3,220	...	...	1,070	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	1,280	...	...	1,160	...	...
Female parent	945	...	...	915	...	...
Male parent	340	...	...	245	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	7,570	...	...	6,695	...	...
Couples without children	4,405	...	...	3,620	...	...
Couples with children	3,165	...	...	3,080	...	...
1 child	1,235	...	...	1,310	...	...
2 children	1,320	...	...	1,195	...	...
3 or more children	610	...	...	565	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	1,285	...	...	1,155	...	...
1 child	765	...	...	720	...	...
2 children	395	...	...	320	...	...
3 or more children	125	...	...	120	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	5,535	2,855	2,685	3,850	1,790	2,065
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	13,655	...	...	10,765	...	...
One-census-family households	8,765	...	...	7,575	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	4,355	...	...	3,510	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	4,405	...	...	4,065	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	40	...	...	135	...	...
Non-census-family households	4,845	...	...	3,050	...	...
One-person households	4,535	...	...	2,790	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	315	...	...	265	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	30,280	15,060	15,220	25,910	12,715	13,195
English only	5	5	0	23,450	11,740	11,715
French only	24,955	11,885	13,065	10	5	5
English and French	5,305	3,155	2,150	2,415	950	1,465
Neither English nor French	20	15	5	35	20	15
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	30,280	15,065	15,225	25,910	12,715	13,200
English	110	70	40	25,405	12,490	12,910
French	30,135	14,965	15,165	435	180	255
English and French	20	10	10	30	20	15
Neither English nor French	20	15	5	35	20	15
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	120	75	45	450	190	260
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	0.4	0.5	0.3	1.7	1.5	2.0
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	30,285	15,065	15,220	25,910	12,715	13,200
Single responses	30,185	15,000	15,185	25,795	12,655	13,140
Official languages	29,990	14,900	15,095	24,925	12,180	12,750
English	115	65	40	24,460	11,985	12,470
French	29,880	14,835	15,050	470	190	275
Non-official languages	195	105	90	865	475	390
Aboriginal languages	45	30	15	30	20	20
Algonquian languages	50	30	20	35	15	15
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	45	25	15	0	5	0
Atikamekw	45	25	20	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	30	15	15
Malecite	0	0	0	30	15	15
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	150	75	75	835	460	370
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	5	25	15	15
Berber languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	5	0	0	0	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	5	10	25	10	10
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	15	5	10	20	10	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	5	5	5
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0	10	5	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	0	0	10	5	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	65	30	35
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0	0	65	30	35
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	0	0	20	20	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	20	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	20	15	10
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	5	5	5
Telugu	0	0	0	10	10	5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	70	30	40	640	350	290
Albanian	0	0	0	0	5	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	5	5	185	105	80
Baltic languages	0	0	0	25	15	10
Latvian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Lithuanian	0	0	0	10	10	5
Slavic languages	10	0	5	165	90	70
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	15	5	10
Czech	0	0	0	5	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	10	0	5
Russian	5	5	0	110	60	50
Serbian	0	0	0	10	10	5
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	15	5	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	5	0	240	125	115
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	5	0	5
Dutch	0	5	0	95	50	45
Frisian	0	0	0	5	0	5
German	0	0	5	145	80	65
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	45	30	15
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	30	25	10
Bengali	0	0	0	5	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	5	0
Hindi	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	10	0	5
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	5	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	10	5	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5
Italic (Romance) languages	55	25	30	165	85	75
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	10	5	5	10	5	5
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	5	5	5	85	45	40
Spanish	40	20	25	70	35	30
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	5	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	10	5	5
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	5	5	0	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Bamanankan	5	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	5	5	5	5	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	5	0	0	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	5	20	10	15
Chinese languages	15	10	5	20	5	10
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	5	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	10	5	10	0	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	5	0	15	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	5	0	10	5	5
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	95	60	35	115	60	55
English and French	65	40	25	55	25	25
English and non-official language	0	0	0	60	25	30
French and non-official language	25	10	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	5	5	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	30,280	15,060	15,220	25,910	12,710	13,195
Single responses	30,160	14,995	15,170	25,740	12,615	13,120
Official languages	30,065	14,940	15,125	25,250	12,340	12,910
English	45	20	20	25,120	12,290	12,830
French	30,020	14,920	15,105	135	55	80
Non-official languages	95	50	45	485	270	215
Aboriginal languages	30	25	15	10	0	5
Algonquian languages	35	20	10	10	0	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	30	20	10	0	0	0
Atikamekw	35	20	10	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Malecite	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	60	35	30	475	270	205
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5	15	10	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5	0	5	20	5	10
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	5	10	5	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	5	0	5
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	0	5	0	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	5	0	5	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	40	25	20
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	40	25	20
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	20	25	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	20	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	5
Telugu	0	0	0	5	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	35	20	20	360	195	165
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	0	0	145	80	65
Baltic languages	0	0	0	20	15	10
Latvian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Lithuanian	0	0	0	10	5	0
Slavic languages	5	0	0	125	70	55
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	10	5	10
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	5
Russian	5	0	5	90	45	45
Serbian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	95	55	45
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	25	15	10
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	70	35	35
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	20	15	5
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Bengali	0	0	0	5	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	5	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kurdish	0	0	0	10	5	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages	30	15	15	100	55	45
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	5	50	25	25
Spanish	30	10	15	50	25	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	5	0	5
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	10	0	10	10	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	5	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	5	0	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	5	5	10	5	5
Chinese languages	5	5	5	10	5	5
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	5	5
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	5	5	10	0	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	5	5	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	120	70	50	175	95	75
English and French	65	40	20	30	20	15
English and non-official language	5	0	0	140	75	60
French and non-official language	45	25	20	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	5	5	5	5	5	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	30,285	15,060	15,220	25,910	12,715	13,195
None	29,565	14,650	14,920	24,960	12,260	12,695
English	560	325	230	300	150	150
French	75	40	40	335	135	195
Non-official language	65	35	30	300	160	140
Aboriginal	5	5	0	25	10	15
Non-Aboriginal	60	35	30	280	150	125
English and French	5	5	0	0	0	5
English and non-official language	10	10	5	15	5	10
French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	5
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	24,945	12,415	12,530	21,495	10,465	11,030
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	24,260	12,140	12,120	20,530	10,035	10,490
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,772	40,218	24,420	28,714	35,167	24,038
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	24,270	12,145	12,130	20,535	10,040	10,495
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,503	35,148	22,846	26,500	31,448	22,675
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	21,260	11,080	10,185	17,710	9,010	8,705
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,643	35,598	20,572	26,652	33,323	21,860
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	19,190	9,015	10,180	15,015	6,545	8,475
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,708	8,680	8,750	7,699	8,195	7,189
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	16,560	8,975	7,585	14,900	7,775	7,120
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,580	35,859	22,958	28,345	34,524	23,428
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	24,945	12,415	12,530	21,495	10,470	11,025
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	24,275	12,125	12,145	20,560	10,090	10,470
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,737	47,767	31,723	35,952	42,275	29,857
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	24,285	12,125	12,155	20,570	10,095	10,480
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,160	38,921	27,415	30,872	35,604	26,314
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	21,300	11,070	10,230	17,765	9,075	8,695
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,815	44,886	28,083	34,291	40,556	27,755
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	19,095	8,935	10,165	15,140	6,690	8,450
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	9,456	9,229	9,655	8,594	8,795	8,435
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	16,560	8,970	7,590	14,900	7,820	7,080
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,425	43,977	29,682	34,164	39,581	28,180
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	24,945	12,415	12,525	21,495	10,470	11,025
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	6,955	3,800	3,155	7,250	4,120	3,135
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	46,787	55,426	38,120	42,385	46,462	37,357
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	55,657	65,343	43,985	48,344	52,869	42,409
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	81.2	85.4	74.6	82.6	86.3	77.4
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	64.5	67.8	59.6	70.1	73.8	65.1
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	18.8	14.5	25.4	17.4	13.7	22.6
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	24,940	12,420	12,530	21,495	10,465	11,030
Without total income	685	275	410	965	430	540
With total income	24,260	12,145	12,115	20,525	10,035	10,490
Percentage with total income	97.3	97.8	96.7	95.5	95.9	95.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,945	1,025	1,920	3,145	1,290	1,850
$10,000 to $19,999	4,815	1,765	3,045	3,880	1,450	2,425
$20,000 to $29,999	3,770	1,560	2,210	3,615	1,545	2,070
$30,000 to $39,999	3,305	1,670	1,635	3,030	1,475	1,560
$40,000 to $49,999	2,910	1,720	1,195	2,410	1,380	1,025
$50,000 to $59,999	2,045	1,290	755	1,470	990	480
$60,000 to $69,999	1,205	755	445	960	625	335
$70,000 to $79,999	1,000	570	430	665	365	300
$80,000 to $89,999	645	460	185	455	255	200
$90,000 to $99,999	520	410	105	250	170	80
$100,000 and over	1,105	905	200	665	490	170
$100,000 to $149,999	860	720	140	440	320	130
$150,000 and over	245	185	60	220	175	45
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	24,945	12,415	12,530	21,495	10,465	11,030
Without after-tax income	670	275	400	960	430	530
With after-tax income	24,270	12,140	12,130	20,535	10,040	10,500
Percentage with after-tax income	97.3	97.8	96.8	95.5	95.9	95.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,120	1,040	2,080	3,195	1,305	1,895
$10,000 to $19,999	5,015	1,865	3,145	4,125	1,550	2,580
$20,000 to $29,999	4,610	2,035	2,575	4,275	1,865	2,410
$30,000 to $39,999	4,175	2,300	1,875	3,620	1,940	1,680
$40,000 to $49,999	2,965	1,855	1,110	2,280	1,425	855
$50,000 to $59,999	1,715	1,070	645	1,265	835	430
$60,000 to $69,999	1,115	720	390	775	420	355
$70,000 to $79,999	700	565	135	380	235	145
$80,000 and over	860	690	175	605	460	150
$80,000 to $89,999	360	300	60	180	125	55
$90,000 to $99,999	175	140	25	130	105	25
$100,000 and over	330	245	85	295	235	70
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	24,945	12,420	12,530	21,495	10,465	11,030
Without employment income	8,385	3,445	4,940	6,595	2,685	3,905
With employment income	16,560	8,970	7,590	14,900	7,780	7,125
Percentage with employment income	66.4	72.2	60.6	69.3	74.3	64.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,385	1,320	1,065	1,995	915	1,080
$5,000 to $9,999	1,430	585	845	1,320	570	750
$10,000 to $19,999	2,510	1,025	1,485	2,270	1,025	1,245
$20,000 to $29,999	2,220	1,005	1,215	2,170	935	1,240
$30,000 to $39,999	1,985	1,000	985	2,130	1,090	1,045
$40,000 to $49,999	1,515	900	610	1,640	1,015	625
$50,000 to $59,999	1,135	715	420	1,075	755	320
$60,000 to $69,999	760	480	280	715	460	255
$70,000 to $79,999	820	480	340	540	280	260
$80,000 and over	1,800	1,465	335	1,045	740	310
$80,000 to $89,999	510	390	120	355	200	150
$90,000 to $99,999	440	350	90	205	150	60
$100,000 and over	850	720	130	485	390	100
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	13,655	...	...	10,765	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	56,704	...	...	55,749	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	49,779	...	...	50,348	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	4,535	...	...	2,785	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	27,968	...	...	26,202	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	25,904	...	...	24,776	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	9,120	...	...	7,980	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	74,298	...	...	68,398	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	64,199	...	...	60,557	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	13,655	...	...	10,765	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	70,646	...	...	68,678	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	58,974	...	...	58,999	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,520	...	...	2,795	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,149	...	...	33,972	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	30,684	...	...	29,836	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	9,130	...	...	7,970	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	87,739	...	...	80,841	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	72,991	...	...	69,219	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	13,655	...	...	10,765	...	...
Under $5,000	90	...	...	115	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	215	...	...	255	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	575	...	...	210	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	785	...	...	640	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	735	...	...	580	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	605	...	...	550	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	815	...	...	700	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	715	...	...	610	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	720	...	...	600	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	685	...	...	530	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,300	...	...	1,005	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,085	...	...	880	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	915	...	...	825	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	795	...	...	675	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	655	...	...	535	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,965	...	...	2,050	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,210	...	...	840	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	800	...	...	510	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	665	...	...	450	...	...
$200,000 and over	290	...	...	250	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	13,655	...	...	10,765	...	...
Under $5,000	95	...	...	115	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	215	...	...	255	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	580	...	...	215	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	835	...	...	675	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	825	...	...	635	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	740	...	...	640	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	985	...	...	770	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	870	...	...	725	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	900	...	...	670	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	825	...	...	640	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,495	...	...	1,190	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,160	...	...	1,030	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	960	...	...	835	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	760	...	...	600	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	640	...	...	415	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,775	...	...	1,350	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,000	...	...	715	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	435	...	...	325	...	...
$150,000 and over	335	...	...	310	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	8,905	...	...	7,805	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	74,550	...	...	68,053	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	64,407	...	...	60,306	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	4,305	...	...	3,425	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	63,688	...	...	61,594	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	55,560	...	...	54,754	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	3,175	...	...	3,095	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	107,349	...	...	86,498	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	90,624	...	...	75,264	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,260	...	...	1,090	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,077	...	...	41,387	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	44,507	...	...	39,564	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	8,905	...	...	7,825	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	88,082	...	...	80,283	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	73,214	...	...	68,680	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	4,285	...	...	3,420	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	78,049	...	...	75,022	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	64,582	...	...	63,937	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	3,200	...	...	3,080	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	114,854	...	...	98,274	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	94,731	...	...	83,259	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,245	...	...	1,115	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	55,725	...	...	47,851	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,747	...	...	43,609	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	5,140	2,665	2,470	3,375	1,575	1,800
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	26,981	32,205	23,063	25,504	27,504	24,104
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	25,024	28,570	22,363	24,117	25,573	23,508
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	5,095	2,590	2,505	3,355	1,670	1,685
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	35,374	40,470	30,107	33,185	34,334	32,049
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	30,080	33,303	26,749	29,180	29,832	28,535
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	29,770	14,900	14,870	25,765	12,660	13,105
In the bottom half of the distribution	17,750	8,660	9,095	16,915	8,155	8,760
In the bottom decile	2,400	1,125	1,275	2,785	1,315	1,465
In the second decile	3,370	1,490	1,880	4,050	1,850	2,205
In the third decile	3,920	1,920	2,000	3,650	1,805	1,850
In the fourth decile	4,145	2,100	2,045	3,480	1,740	1,735
In the fifth decile	3,920	2,025	1,895	2,945	1,445	1,500
In the top half of the distribution	12,015	6,245	5,770	8,850	4,505	4,340
In the sixth decile	3,565	1,840	1,720	2,545	1,285	1,260
In the seventh decile	2,985	1,530	1,455	2,255	1,150	1,100
In the eighth decile	2,580	1,340	1,240	1,825	935	890
In the ninth decile	1,865	985	875	1,330	670	655
In the top decile	1,025	540	485	900	460	435
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	29,770	14,900	14,870	25,440	12,485	12,945
0 to 17 years	5,745	2,950	2,795	5,195	2,670	2,520
0 to 5 years	1,820	980	845	1,555	795	760
18 to 64 years	18,395	9,315	9,080	15,660	7,685	7,975
65 years and over	5,625	2,635	2,995	4,585	2,135	2,450
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,165	1,840	2,325	4,855	2,210	2,645
0 to 17 years	665	330	335	1,255	635	625
0 to 5 years	205	95	105	485	255	225
18 to 64 years	2,360	1,115	1,250	2,550	1,170	1,375
65 years and over	1,140	400	745	1,050	405	645
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.0	12.3	15.6	19.1	17.7	20.4
0 to 17 years (%)	11.6	11.2	12.0	24.2	23.8	24.8
0 to 5 years (%)	11.3	9.7	12.4	31.2	32.1	29.6
18 to 64 years (%)	12.8	12.0	13.8	16.3	15.2	17.2
65 years and over (%)	20.3	15.2	24.9	22.9	19.0	26.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,575	795	780	1,265	610	650
0 to 17 years	230	120	115	270	135	140
0 to 5 years	75	35	35	115	65	55
18 to 64 years	1,275	660	615	930	455	475
65 years and over	65	20	50	65	30	40
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.3	5.3	5.2	5.0	4.9	5.0
0 to 17 years (%)	4.0	4.1	4.1	5.2	5.1	5.6
0 to 5 years (%)	4.1	3.6	4.1	7.4	8.2	7.2
18 to 64 years (%)	6.9	7.1	6.8	5.9	5.9	6.0
65 years and over (%)	1.2	0.8	1.7	1.4	1.4	1.6
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	29,770	14,900	14,870	25,760	12,660	13,100
Official languages	29,765	14,900	14,865	25,710	12,630	13,080
English	5,275	3,145	2,135	25,705	12,630	13,075
French	29,755	14,895	14,860	2,415	915	1,500
Non-official languages	620	265	355	1,140	585	555
Aboriginal languages	40	25	15	55	30	30
Algonquian languages	40	30	10	60	25	30
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	40	30	15	0	0	0
Atikamekw	25	20	10	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	60	30	30
Malecite	0	0	0	60	30	30
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	580	240	345	1,090	560	525
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	70	30	40
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	10	10	70	35	35
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	10	0	10	20	0	20
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	50	25	20
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	10	0	20	10	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	20	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	110	50	60
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	115	50	60
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	10	10	40	35	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	10	10	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	35	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	50	30	20
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tamil	0	0	0	35	20	15
Telugu	0	0	0	0	10	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	500	200	300	790	405	380
Albanian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	195	125	70
Baltic languages	0	0	0	30	25	10
Latvian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	20	15	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	175	110	60
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	35	20	15
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	100	60	40
Serbian	0	0	0	35	30	10
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	15	0	15
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	15	0	15
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	20	10	15	295	140	155
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	10	0	10
Dutch	0	0	0	130	65	65
Frisian	0	0	0	0	10	0
German	15	0	10	170	90	80
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	10	0	10
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	65	40	25
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	45	20	25
Bengali	0	0	0	20	10	10
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	35	15	25
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	15	0	10
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	15	15	10
Kurdish	0	0	0	15	15	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	485	195	290	260	135	125
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	35	25	10	25	10	15
Portuguese	15	10	10	25	10	15
Romanian	10	0	10	70	35	35
Spanish	435	165	265	155	85	65
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	15	10	0	10	10	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	30	0	20	20	10	10
American Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	30	0	25	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Chinese languages	0	10	0	20	10	10
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	15	10	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	29,770	14,905	14,870	25,765	12,660	13,105
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	29,660	14,860	14,800	24,830	12,185	12,645
Canadian citizens aged under 18	5,715	2,970	2,745	5,050	2,525	2,525
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	23,940	11,890	12,055	19,780	9,660	10,120
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	115	40	70	935	475	460
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	29,770	14,905	14,870	25,765	12,655	13,105
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	29,435	14,760	14,675	24,155	11,855	12,300
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	295	110	185	1,365	640	725
Before 1981	65	40	20	400	175	220
1981 to 1990	10	0	10	80	40	40
1991 to 2000	60	20	40	160	85	75
2001 to 2010	105	35	70	360	140	215
2001 to 2005	30	15	20	115	50	65
2006 to 2010	70	25	50	245	95	155
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	60	15	40	370	200	170
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	40	30	15	240	165	80
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	290	110	180	1,365	635	725
Under 5 years	105	25	80	210	95	115
5 to 14 years	35	10	30	275	140	140
15 to 24 years	25	15	20	250	105	140
25 to 44 years	115	60	55	485	225	260
45 years and over	10	0	0	145	70	75
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	290	115	180	1,365	635	725
Americas	80	30	45	550	255	300
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	20	10	10
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	25	10	10	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	10	15	0
Mexico	50	15	35	10	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	10
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	0	0	0	470	205	265
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	30	20	10
Europe	115	60	55	580	285	295
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	10	10	0
Croatia	0	0	0	15	0	10
France	50	20	25	10	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	100	40	55
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	20	15	0
Italy	20	15	10	15	10	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	130	60	65
Poland	0	0	0	0	10	0
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	15	10	10	45	25	25
Russian Federation	10	0	10	35	15	25
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	150	70	75
Other places of birth in Europe	20	15	0	45	20	25
Africa	35	20	20	25	0	20
Algeria	10	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	10	10	10	10	0	10
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	15	10	10
Other places of birth in Africa	25	10	15	0	0	10
Asia	60	10	55	210	95	110
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	50	0	50	10	0	10
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	45	25	20
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	95	30	65
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	15	10	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	10	10	10
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10	30	25	10
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	60	15	40	370	200	170
Americas	30	10	20	45	30	15
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	10	10	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mexico	30	0	25	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	0	0	0	20	10	10
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	10	10	0
Europe	15	10	0	175	100	75
France	10	0	0	10	10	10
Germany	0	0	0	25	15	10
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	20	15	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	25	15	10
Russian Federation	0	0	0	25	10	15
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	40	25	15
Other places of birth in Europe	0	10	0	40	20	20
Africa	10	0	10	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	10	0	0	0
Asia	10	0	10	145	70	75
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	0	0	10	0	0	10
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	25	15	10
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	10	10	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	70	25	50
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	15	10	10
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	10	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	10	10	10
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	10	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	29,770	14,905	14,870	25,765	12,660	13,105
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	345	140	205	1,755	875	880
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	360	175	185	2,060	1,010	1,050
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	29,060	14,585	14,480	21,950	10,775	11,175
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	230	70	160	995	470	520
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	90	35	50	665	325	335
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	45	25	25	290	215	70
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	40	10	30	375	110	265
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	130	35	95	300	120	180
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	15	10	10	30	25	0
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	29,770	14,900	14,870	25,765	12,660	13,105
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	1,030	510	520	935	440	490
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	990	495	500	880	425	455
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	310	140	170	725	355	370
Métis	675	345	330	130	60	75
Inuk (Inuit)	10	10	0	20	15	10
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	20	10	15	10	10	10
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	10	0	10	45	10	35
Non-Aboriginal identity	28,745	14,395	14,350	24,830	12,220	12,610
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	29,770	14,900	14,870	25,760	12,660	13,105
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	350	160	190	580	275	305
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	29,420	14,745	14,675	25,180	12,385	12,800
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	29,770	14,900	14,865	25,760	12,660	13,105
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	575	325	255	300	165	135
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	575	320	250	300	165	135
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	380	200	180	290	165	125
Métis single ancestry	190	125	70	0	0	10
Inuit single ancestry	10	10	0	0	10	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	970	470	500	1,115	530	585
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	935	450	480	1,090	520	570
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	625	310	320	920	480	445
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	305	145	160	160	35	115
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	10	10	10
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	35	15	20	25	10	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	35	15	20	20	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	28,225	14,110	14,110	24,350	11,965	12,385
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	29,770	14,900	14,870	25,765	12,655	13,105
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	265	90	180	525	280	245
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	10	10	0	65	45	25
Chinese	60	0	55	20	0	15
Black	115	45	75	165	90	75
Filipino	0	0	0	120	55	65
Latin American	25	10	15	65	45	25
Arab	25	10	15	20	10	15
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	15	0	10	30	15	15
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	0	0	0	10	0	10
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	10	0	10	25	20	10
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	29,505	14,810	14,695	25,240	12,380	12,860
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	29,770	14,900	14,865	25,765	12,655	13,105
North American Aboriginal origins	1,550	795	755	1,415	695	720
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,040	525	515	1,235	650	590
Inuit	20	0	15	20	10	10
Métis	530	285	245	180	45	135
Other North American origins	25,315	12,710	12,610	13,440	6,570	6,875
Acadian	155	70	90	85	30	60
American	65	30	35	455	210	245
Canadian	24,515	12,340	12,175	13,085	6,390	6,690
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	35	0	20
Nova Scotian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	810	400	410	10	10	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	7,950	3,940	4,010	16,305	7,940	8,370
British Isles origins	1,175	525	650	14,265	6,905	7,360
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	220	100	120	8,190	3,840	4,350
Irish	710	315	395	5,810	2,770	3,035
Manx	0	0	0	10	0	10
Scottish	335	150	190	6,150	3,020	3,135
Welsh	10	10	10	495	235	260
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	20	15	0	570	290	275
French origins	6,805	3,440	3,360	2,455	1,135	1,320
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	25	10	20	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	6,780	3,430	3,350	2,455	1,140	1,320
Western European origins (except French origins)	245	105	145	2,510	1,185	1,330
Austrian	10	0	10	65	40	25
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	75	30	45	35	10	20
Dutch	25	15	10	1,005	490	515
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	110	40	70	1,505	695	810
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	30	20	10	65	25	45
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	35	25	10	540	280	260
Danish	0	0	0	240	110	130
Finnish	0	0	0	40	30	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	10	10	0
Norwegian	10	0	0	125	80	40
Swedish	20	10	10	80	50	40
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	10	10	0	55	15	45
Eastern European origins	130	75	55	585	260	325
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	15	10	0
Czech	10	0	0	15	0	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	80	30	50
Latvian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	25	15	10
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Polish	75	45	25	145	55	90
Romanian	20	10	0	90	40	45
Russian	55	20	35	170	80	95
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	100	40	55
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	210	100	110	400	190	210
Albanian	0	0	0	20	15	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	45	30	20
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	20	0	15
Italian	175	75	95	215	75	140
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	15	10	10	40	20	25
Serbian	0	0	0	35	30	10
Sicilian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	20	10	10	30	25	10
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	50	20	35	85	55	30
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	65	40	20
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	45	10	35	20	15	10
Caribbean origins	25	15	15	135	90	50
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	15	15	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	25	15	20	10	10	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	90	60	30
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	10	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	0	0	0	15	10	10
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	85	35	55	100	60	40
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	20	15	10
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	30	15	10
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	90	30	55	45	25	20
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	0	0	0
African origins	130	45	85	120	40	80
Central and West African origins	50	20	30	0	0	0
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peulh	20	15	10	0	0	0
Senegalese	25	10	15	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins	45	20	30	30	0	25
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	35	10	25	15	0	10
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	10	0	10
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	10	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	10
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	35	0	30	85	30	50
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	0	0	0	10	0	10
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	30	10	25	75	35	40
Asian origins	130	45	95	360	190	175
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	40	15	20	95	55	45
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	30	10	20
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	40	15	20	20	10	10
Palestinian	0	0	0	20	15	10
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	20	15	10
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	0	0	0	10	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	0	0	0	75	45	30
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	0	0	0	65	35	25
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	10	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	95	25	70	180	85	95
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese	70	10	60	20	10	15
Filipino	0	0	0	130	60	70
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	10	0	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	10	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	10	0	15	15	10
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	20	10	15
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	25	10	10
Oceania origins	0	0	0	10	0	10
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	0	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	13,655	...	...	10,765	...	...
Owner	9,220	...	...	8,265	...	...
Renter	4,435	...	...	2,415	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	85	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	13,655	...	...	10,765	...	...
Condominium	985	...	...	100	...	...
Not condominium	12,665	...	...	10,665	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	13,655	...	...	10,765	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	10	...	...
1 bedroom	1,345	...	...	815	...	...
2 bedrooms	4,175	...	...	2,860	...	...
3 bedrooms	4,710	...	...	4,310	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,415	...	...	2,770	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	13,655	...	...	10,765	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	3,940	...	...	1,915	...	...
5 rooms	2,200	...	...	1,930	...	...
6 rooms	1,805	...	...	1,895	...	...
7 rooms	1,865	...	...	1,615	...	...
8 or more rooms	3,835	...	...	3,410	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	13,655	...	...	10,765	...	...
One person or fewer per room	13,640	...	...	10,695	...	...
More than 1 person per room	15	...	...	75	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	13,655	...	...	10,765	...	...
Suitable	13,540	...	...	10,400	...	...
Not suitable	115	...	...	365	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	13,655	...	...	10,765	...	...
1960 or before	3,535	...	...	3,305	...	...
1961 to 1980	4,830	...	...	2,640	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,785	...	...	1,745	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,375	...	...	1,470	...	...
2001 to 2005	595	...	...	625	...	...
2006 to 2010	735	...	...	635	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	790	...	...	340	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	13,655	...	...	10,765	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	12,995	...	...	9,710	...	...
Major repairs needed	660	...	...	1,055	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	13,655	...	...	10,765	...	...
1 household maintainer	8,815	...	...	6,585	...	...
2 household maintainers	4,755	...	...	3,995	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	90	...	...	185	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	13,655	...	...	10,765	...	...
15 to 24 years	390	...	...	305	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,725	...	...	1,155	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,865	...	...	1,690	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,475	...	...	2,120	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,425	...	...	2,430	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,145	...	...	1,765	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,295	...	...	960	...	...
85 years and over	340	...	...	335	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	13,605	...	...	10,395	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	11,445	...	...	8,960	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,160	...	...	1,435	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,040	...	...	1,300	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,165	...	...	8,020	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	60.4	...	...	49.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	9.3	...	...	8.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	853	...	...	582	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	895	...	...	709	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	179,853	...	...	120,015	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	196,565	...	...	138,990	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,435	...	...	2,405	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	11.6	...	...	14.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	29.5	...	...	30.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	548	...	...	634	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	602	...	...	654	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	24,945	12,415	12,530	21,490	10,470	11,025
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,915	2,350	2,565	4,635	2,465	2,165
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	4,815	2,185	2,635	7,065	3,495	3,565
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,215	7,885	7,325	9,795	4,505	5,295
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,310	4,070	2,245	2,010	1,495	515
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	4,575	2,625	1,950	1,105	695	410
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,735	1,440	295	905	800	105
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	4,755	2,065	2,690	4,895	1,890	3,000
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	840	295	540	340	130	205
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	3,310	1,455	1,855	2,560	990	1,565
Bachelor's degree	2,560	1,090	1,465	1,885	720	1,160
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	220	105	120	140	55	90
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	105	45	60	65	30	35
Master's degree	400	190	210	435	165	270
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	20	25	0	35	20	15
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	16,070	8,120	7,945	13,905	6,880	7,025
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,125	1,060	1,065	1,785	1,105	680
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	2,450	1,170	1,285	4,740	2,410	2,325
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,490	5,895	5,595	7,385	3,360	4,020
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,000	3,175	1,825	1,450	1,075	380
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	3,655	2,085	1,565	785	485	305
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,345	1,090	255	665	590	75
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	3,430	1,495	1,935	3,715	1,460	2,255
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	515	185	330	205	90	120
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	2,550	1,040	1,510	2,015	745	1,270
Bachelor's degree	1,965	790	1,175	1,500	570	925
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	160	55	105	120	45	75
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	80	35	50	45	15	30
Master's degree	325	145	180	330	100	230
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	10	15	0	20	10	10
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	24,945	12,415	12,525	21,495	10,470	11,020
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	9,730	4,530	5,200	11,695	5,965	5,730
Education	1,375	350	1,025	880	205	675
13. Education	1,375	350	1,025	880	205	675
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	250	110	140	170	50	120
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	40	25	15	25	15	0
50. Visual and performing arts	210	85	125	145	35	110
Humanities	670	295	370	395	180	215
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	35	0	35	15	0	15
23. English language and literature/letters	10	10	0	20	15	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	390	165	230	80	15	70
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	10	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	15	15	25	15	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	65	25	40	185	110	75
54. History	35	30	0	50	25	25
55. French language and literature/letters	90	40	45	15	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	765	180	585	620	120	505
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	40	10	35	70	30	40
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	315	15	295	205	15	190
22. Legal professions and studies	140	40	100	135	20	110
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	25	0	25	15	10	10
42. Psychology	115	35	80	85	0	85
45. Social sciences	115	80	35	105	40	65
Business, management and public administration	3,075	835	2,240	2,330	615	1,715
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	10	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	260	30	230	215	40	175
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,810	800	2,010	2,115	570	1,545
Physical and life sciences and technologies	285	180	100	150	75	70
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	60	45	15	75	35	40
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	35	30	10	35	15	20
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	95	45	50	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	85	60	15	20	15	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	15	10	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	360	230	120	260	160	100
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	275	200	75	235	150	85
25. Library science	65	15	45	15	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	15	10	15	0	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	4,285	4,060	225	2,290	2,220	70
04. Architecture and related services	95	45	50	0	0	0
14. Engineering	310	275	35	180	175	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	860	765	90	270	245	25
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,100	1,085	15	685	665	20
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,040	1,025	15	790	780	10
48. Precision production	875	855	25	365	350	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	580	480	105	435	345	90
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	220	155	70	285	210	75
03. Natural resources and conservation	360	325	30	145	135	15
Health and related fields	2,025	370	1,660	1,475	120	1,365
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	80	50	30	75	15	60
51. Health professions and related programs	1,935	320	1,615	1,375	90	1,290
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	10	0	10	25	10	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,540	780	760	790	425	365
12. Personal and culinary services	845	155	690	425	80	340
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	220	170	50	120	110	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	470	455	15	245	230	20
Other	10	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	16,065	8,115	7,950	13,905	6,880	7,030
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	4,575	2,225	2,355	6,525	3,515	3,005
Education	825	165	670	605	130	480
13. Education	830	160	665	605	130	475
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	205	95	115	140	40	105
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25	20	0	20	15	10
50. Visual and performing arts	180	70	110	120	25	95
Humanities	325	150	175	275	115	160
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	20	0	25	20	0	15
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	20	10	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	175	85	90	65	10	55
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	10	0	10	10	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	40	15	25	125	75	45
54. History	20	20	0	30	15	20
55. French language and literature/letters	50	20	30	10	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	580	145	435	515	100	415
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	0	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	40	10	30	65	35	35
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	265	10	250	140	10	135
22. Legal professions and studies	95	35	60	130	20	110
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	10	0	10	10	10	10
42. Psychology	80	25	60	65	0	70
45. Social sciences	95	65	30	95	40	55
Business, management and public administration	2,515	635	1,880	1,765	465	1,300
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	240	30	210	180	30	145
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,265	605	1,665	1,585	430	1,155
Physical and life sciences and technologies	160	130	35	100	60	45
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	40	40	0	50	30	20
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	25	20	10	25	15	15
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	0	10	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	75	65	10	10	10	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	10	10	10	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	265	175	90	215	135	75
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	200	145	50	195	130	75
25. Library science	55	15	35	0	10	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	10	0	10	0	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	3,310	3,115	200	1,720	1,655	60
04. Architecture and related services	65	25	40	10	0	0
14. Engineering	230	195	35	145	135	10
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	685	605	75	240	215	25
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	840	825	20	515	500	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	795	780	15	570	565	0
48. Precision production	690	675	20	250	240	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	475	390	80	315	235	80
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	170	115	60	210	140	70
03. Natural resources and conservation	300	280	20	105	95	10
Health and related fields	1,565	270	1,300	1,085	90	995
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	70	40	25	60	20	40
51. Health professions and related programs	1,490	235	1,260	1,010	65	950
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	10	0	10	15	10	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,250	630	620	640	335	305
12. Personal and culinary services	690	120	565	330	50	285
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	175	135	40	100	95	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	390	380	10	210	195	20
Other	0	10	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	10	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	24,940	12,415	12,530	21,495	10,470	11,020
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,725	4,530	5,200	11,695	5,965	5,730
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	15,215	7,885	7,330	9,800	4,500	5,290
Location of study inside Canada	15,125	7,830	7,295	9,020	4,145	4,875
Same as province or territory of residence	14,995	7,755	7,240	7,430	3,425	4,005
Different than province or territory of residence	125	80	50	1,595	720	870
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	90	55	35	780	360	420
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	10	10	10	365	150	210
Philippines	0	0	0	50	10	40
India	0	0	0	40	20	15
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	0	0	0	30	10	25
China^{Census data footnote 162}	10	0	0	10	0	10
France	20	10	10	10	10	0
Other	50	40	15	280	165	115
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	16,070	8,120	7,950	13,910	6,880	7,030
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,575	2,225	2,350	6,525	3,520	3,005
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	11,490	5,895	5,595	7,385	3,365	4,025
Location of study inside Canada	11,415	5,855	5,560	6,735	3,085	3,655
Same as province or territory of residence	11,340	5,815	5,525	5,520	2,565	2,960
Different than province or territory of residence	70	40	35	1,215	520	700
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	75	35	35	650	280	370
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	0	0	10	280	100	175
Philippines	0	0	0	50	10	45
India	0	0	0	25	15	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	0	0	0	15	0	15
China^{Census data footnote 162}	10	10	0	10	0	10
France	20	10	10	0	0	0
Other	45	30	20	270	155	115
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	24,945	12,415	12,530	21,495	10,470	11,025
In the labour force	14,565	7,730	6,835	13,500	7,160	6,340
Employed	13,235	6,820	6,415	12,265	6,415	5,855
Unemployed	1,330	915	415	1,235	745	485
Not in the labour force	10,380	4,680	5,695	7,995	3,310	4,685
Participation rate	58.4	62.3	54.5	62.8	68.4	57.5
Employment rate	53.1	54.9	51.2	57.1	61.3	53.1
Unemployment rate	9.1	11.8	6.1	9.1	10.4	7.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	24,945	12,415	12,530	21,495	10,470	11,025
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	9,470	4,225	5,245	7,240	2,900	4,345
Worked	15,470	8,190	7,280	14,255	7,570	6,680
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	7,055	3,860	3,195	7,425	4,225	3,200
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	8,415	4,330	4,085	6,830	3,345	3,485
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.7	41.4	42.0	41.4	41.9	40.8
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	14,565	7,735	6,830	13,500	7,160	6,340
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	270	160	105	185	65	125
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	14,295	7,570	6,725	13,310	7,095	6,215
Employee	13,000	6,915	6,085	11,705	6,045	5,660
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	1,295	655	640	1,605	1,050	560
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	14,565	7,735	6,835	13,500	7,160	6,340
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	270	165	110	190	65	120
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	14,290	7,570	6,725	13,315	7,100	6,215
0 Management occupations	1,080	625	450	1,385	925	455
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,910	530	1,380	1,870	460	1,410
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	735	640	95	540	365	170
3 Health occupations	1,200	205	995	820	90	730
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,795	450	1,340	1,375	295	1,085
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	220	85	140	190	85	105
6 Sales and service occupations	3,630	1,535	2,090	2,575	945	1,630
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,585	2,495	90	2,775	2,675	95
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	260	225	30	890	675	215
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	885	780	105	885	575	310
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	14,570	7,735	6,835	13,500	7,160	6,340
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	275	160	110	185	65	125
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	14,295	7,570	6,720	13,310	7,095	6,215
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	375	310	65	1,400	1,065	335
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	110	115	10	25	25	0
22 Utilities	180	170	10	70	55	15
23 Construction	1,175	1,035	140	825	770	55
31-33 Manufacturing	1,900	1,625	275	1,865	1,255	605
41 Wholesale trade	325	255	70	430	320	110
44-45 Retail trade	2,220	990	1,225	1,465	705	760
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	455	365	90	1,375	1,015	360
51 Information and cultural industries	120	65	50	305	150	155
52 Finance and insurance	350	95	255	265	75	190
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	105	70	40	75	30	45
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	605	325	280	320	150	175
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	10	10	20	0	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	405	270	135	400	175	220
61 Educational services	1,145	300	840	805	190	615
62 Health care and social assistance	2,150	380	1,770	1,545	190	1,355
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	175	95	80	105	50	55
72 Accommodation and food services	1,085	415	670	735	195	535
81 Other services (except public administration)	760	350	410	625	305	320
91 Public administration	635	345	295	655	365	285
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	13,235	6,815	6,415	12,265	6,415	5,855
Worked at home	625	250	370	945	480	465
Worked outside Canada	0	0	10	70	50	25
No fixed workplace address	1,110	870	240	1,660	1,305	360
Worked at usual place	11,500	5,700	5,800	9,585	4,580	5,005
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	11,500	5,700	5,800	9,585	4,580	5,010
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,700	3,880	4,820	2,605	1,360	1,240
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,050	660	390	6,020	2,845	3,175
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,735	1,150	590	880	315	560
Commute to a different province or territory	15	10	0	90	60	30
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	12,610	6,565	6,040	11,250	5,880	5,365
Car, truck, van - as a driver	11,060	5,730	5,330	9,905	5,240	4,665
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	495	245	250	750	310	440
Public transit	55	35	20	60	30	30
Walked	770	385	385	340	195	145
Bicycle	55	50	10	0	0	0
Other method	185	130	50	195	105	90
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	12,605	6,565	6,040	11,255	5,885	5,365
Less than 15 minutes	7,860	3,725	4,140	5,220	2,585	2,635
15 to 29 minutes	2,520	1,305	1,220	4,030	2,050	1,975
30 to 44 minutes	965	670	295	1,365	810	555
45 to 59 minutes	795	500	290	260	165	90
60 minutes and over	460	370	95	380	275	115
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	12,605	6,565	6,040	11,255	5,880	5,365
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	725	560	165	655	470	185
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,330	1,755	575	2,075	1,425	660
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	4,885	2,335	2,550	4,010	1,995	2,015
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,140	730	1,415	1,990	765	1,230
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	690	170	525	830	295	535
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,835	1,015	815	1,680	930	750
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	15,925	8,450	7,470	14,740	7,790	6,955
Single responses	15,805	8,375	7,435	14,705	7,770	6,935
Official languages	15,810	8,375	7,435	14,675	7,760	6,915
English	170	115	55	14,575	7,725	6,850
French	15,640	8,260	7,380	100	35	65
Non-official languages	0	10	0	30	10	15
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	0	10	0	20	10	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	10	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10	10	0	10	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	10	0	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	115	75	40	35	15	20
English and French	105	70	35	35	15	20
English and non-official language	0	0	0	10	10	0
French and non-official language	0	10	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	15,925	8,450	7,470	14,740	7,785	6,950
None	14,815	7,675	7,140	14,075	7,510	6,565
English	995	705	285	90	25	65
French	100	70	35	485	185	295
Non-official language	10	0	0	85	55	30
Aboriginal	0	0	0	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	10	0	0	75	55	20
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	10	0	10	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	10	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	29,455	14,715	14,740	25,525	12,565	12,960
Non-movers	26,765	13,410	13,355	22,935	11,335	11,605
Movers	2,685	1,300	1,385	2,585	1,230	1,355
Non-migrants	1,780	875	900	1,080	530	550
Migrants	910	425	485	1,505	695	810
Internal migrants	900	410	485	1,300	610	690
Intraprovincial migrants	875	400	475	1,025	485	540
Interprovincial migrants	20	10	0	285	130	155
External migrants	15	10	0	200	85	115
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	28,215	14,050	14,175	24,395	11,995	12,405
Non-movers	19,810	9,900	9,905	17,760	8,870	8,885
Movers	8,415	4,145	4,265	6,640	3,120	3,515
Non-migrants	5,775	2,850	2,925	3,060	1,435	1,630
Migrants	2,640	1,305	1,335	3,575	1,685	1,890
Internal migrants	2,605	1,285	1,320	3,150	1,440	1,710
Intraprovincial migrants	2,570	1,255	1,315	2,325	1,050	1,270
Interprovincial migrants	30	30	10	825	385	440
External migrants	35	15	20	430	245	180

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Alma, V [Census subdivision], Quebec and Carleton, CT [Census division], New Brunswick (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 23, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Alma, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec and Carleton, County [Census division], New Brunswick

Census Profile, 2016 Census Alma, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec and Carleton, County [Census division], New Brunswick

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Alma, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec and Carleton, County [Census division], New Brunswick