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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Cornwall, City [Census subdivision], Ontario and Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry, United counties [Census division], Ontario

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Cornwall, CY Ontario [Census subdivision]			Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry, UC Ontario [Census division]
	Data quality , Cornwall, City [Census subdivision], Ontario Map : Cornwall, City [Census subdivision], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry, United counties [Census division], Ontario Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	46,589	...	...	113,429	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	46,340	...	...	111,164	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	0.5	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	21,659	...	...	50,455	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	20,931	...	...	47,829	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	756.8	...	...	34.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	61.56	...	...	3,309.87	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	46,590	22,265	24,325	113,430	55,565	57,865
0 to 14 years	7,220	3,630	3,595	17,765	9,080	8,680
0 to 4 years	2,485	1,260	1,225	5,740	2,945	2,795
5 to 9 years	2,490	1,250	1,235	6,130	3,135	3,000
10 to 14 years	2,245	1,110	1,135	5,890	3,005	2,885
15 to 64 years	28,490	13,855	14,630	70,985	35,105	35,875
15 to 19 years	2,420	1,235	1,185	6,185	3,235	2,945
20 to 24 years	2,830	1,400	1,425	6,365	3,260	3,100
25 to 29 years	2,780	1,355	1,425	5,885	2,885	3,000
30 to 34 years	2,550	1,245	1,305	5,780	2,835	2,940
35 to 39 years	2,315	1,125	1,190	5,715	2,780	2,935
40 to 44 years	2,425	1,140	1,290	6,210	2,990	3,220
45 to 49 years	2,525	1,220	1,310	6,970	3,405	3,565
50 to 54 years	3,520	1,700	1,820	9,430	4,635	4,795
55 to 59 years	3,725	1,805	1,915	9,745	4,835	4,910
60 to 64 years	3,405	1,635	1,765	8,700	4,240	4,460
65 years and over	10,880	4,780	6,100	24,685	11,380	13,305
65 to 69 years	3,365	1,590	1,780	8,135	3,990	4,145
70 to 74 years	2,415	1,140	1,275	5,885	2,865	3,020
75 to 79 years	1,945	870	1,080	4,335	2,055	2,280
80 to 84 years	1,495	640	855	3,085	1,355	1,725
85 years and over	1,655	540	1,115	3,245	1,105	2,135
85 to 89 years	1,015	360	650	1,965	725	1,240
90 to 94 years	470	145	330	975	320	665
95 to 99 years	150	35	115	265	65	205
100 years and over	20	5	15	35	0	30
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.5	16.3	14.8	15.7	16.3	15.0
15 to 64 years	61.2	62.2	60.1	62.6	63.2	62.0
65 years and over	23.4	21.5	25.1	21.8	20.5	23.0
85 years and over	3.6	2.4	4.6	2.9	2.0	3.7
Average age of the population	44.3	43.1	45.4	44.1	43.1	45.0
Median age of the population	46.6	45.0	48.0	47.1	46.1	48.1
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	20,930	...	...	47,830	...	...
Single-detached house	10,190	...	...	33,550	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,140	...	...	1,190	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	9,550	...	...	12,640	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,115	...	...	2,845	...	...
Row house	1,140	...	...	1,590	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,820	...	...	2,210	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,360	...	...	5,790	...	...
Other single-attached house	115	...	...	210	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	50	...	...	450	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	20,930	...	...	47,830	...	...
1 person	7,260	...	...	13,470	...	...
2 persons	7,770	...	...	19,055	...	...
3 persons	2,830	...	...	6,690	...	...
4 persons	1,970	...	...	5,445	...	...
5 or more persons	1,105	...	...	3,170	...	...
Number of persons in private households	45,175	...	...	110,810	...	...
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	39,370	18,640	20,730	95,665	46,485	49,180
Married or living common law	21,240	10,625	10,620	57,700	28,840	28,855
Married	16,375	8,200	8,175	46,440	23,230	23,205
Living common law	4,870	2,425	2,445	11,260	5,610	5,650
Not married and not living common law	18,125	8,010	10,110	37,965	17,645	20,325
Never married	10,135	5,390	4,745	22,130	12,165	9,965
Separated	1,545	650	900	3,025	1,395	1,625
Divorced	3,050	1,245	1,800	5,805	2,535	3,265
Widowed	3,390	730	2,665	7,010	1,540	5,465
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	13,150	...	...	33,635	...	...
2 persons	7,805	...	...	19,560	...	...
3 persons	2,680	...	...	6,425	...	...
4 persons	1,785	...	...	5,115	...	...
5 or more persons	885	...	...	2,530	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	13,155	...	...	33,635	...	...
Total couple families	10,320	...	...	28,300	...	...
Married couples	7,890	...	...	22,675	...	...
Common-law couples	2,430	...	...	5,630	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	2,830	...	...	5,340	...	...
Female parent	2,285	...	...	4,135	...	...
Male parent	545	...	...	1,200	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	10,320	...	...	28,300	...	...
Couples without children	6,040	...	...	16,210	...	...
Couples with children	4,275	...	...	12,090	...	...
1 child	1,915	...	...	5,025	...	...
2 children	1,570	...	...	4,705	...	...
3 or more children	790	...	...	2,360	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	2,835	...	...	5,335	...	...
1 child	1,755	...	...	3,350	...	...
2 children	760	...	...	1,405	...	...
3 or more children	315	...	...	580	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	9,630	4,445	5,185	18,280	8,710	9,570
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	20,930	...	...	47,830	...	...
One-census-family households	12,720	...	...	32,365	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	5,885	...	...	15,705	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	6,840	...	...	16,660	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	215	...	...	630	...	...
Non-census-family households	7,995	...	...	14,835	...	...
One-person households	7,255	...	...	13,470	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	735	...	...	1,365	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	45,625	21,890	23,730	111,785	54,945	56,845
English only	26,035	12,925	13,115	67,450	34,065	33,385
French only	400	155	245	1,370	615	755
English and French	19,030	8,750	10,280	42,760	20,175	22,580
Neither English nor French	155	65	95	210	80	125
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	45,620	21,890	23,730	111,790	54,945	56,845
English	34,870	16,990	17,880	88,175	43,660	44,515
French	10,160	4,605	5,550	22,680	10,830	11,855
English and French	445	235	215	730	375	355
Neither English nor French	145	60	90	200	80	120
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	10,385	4,725	5,655	23,045	11,015	12,030
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	22.8	21.6	23.8	20.6	20.0	21.2
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	45,625	21,890	23,730	111,785	54,945	56,845
Single responses	44,400	21,315	23,085	109,525	53,870	55,655
Official languages	41,660	19,960	21,700	103,895	51,055	52,840
English	31,365	15,300	16,065	81,015	40,150	40,860
French	10,295	4,660	5,635	22,880	10,905	11,975
Non-official languages	2,740	1,355	1,380	5,630	2,815	2,810
Aboriginal languages	60	35	25	470	210	260
Algonquian languages	15	5	5	15	10	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	5	5
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	0	5	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	5	10	10	5
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	5	10	0	10	5	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	5	0	10	10	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	5	0	10	10	5
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	45	20	20	440	190	255
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	40	20	20	435	190	255
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,675	1,320	1,355	5,155	2,605	2,550
Afro-Asiatic languages	155	85	70	260	140	115
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	155	85	70	255	140	120
Amharic	5	5	5	10	0	5
Arabic	140	80	65	240	135	105
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	5	0	5
Maltese	5	0	0	5	5	0
Tigrigna	5	0	5	5	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	30	35	75	35	35
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	65	35	35	70	35	35
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	70	10	55	125	25	105
Bikol	5	5	0	0	5	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	5	0	5
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	5
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	5	0	5	5	0	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	60	10	45	105	20	85
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	5
Creole languages	10	10	5	15	5	10
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	5	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	5	15	5	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	405	205	200	415	205	205
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	15	5	10	20	10	5
Tamil	385	195	190	395	200	195
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,700	850	845	3,785	1,970	1,815
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	10	5	5	15	10	5
Balto-Slavic languages	155	75	85	365	175	185
Baltic languages	5	0	5	20	5	10
Latvian	5	0	0	10	5	5
Lithuanian	5	0	5	5	0	5
Slavic languages	150	70	80	345	165	180
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Croatian	15	10	5	25	10	15
Czech	10	10	5	30	15	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	70	30	35	140	65	75
Russian	15	5	10	45	20	25
Serbian	10	5	0	20	10	10
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	5
Slovak	5	0	5	10	10	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	10	0	10
Ukrainian	25	5	15	60	25	25
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	15	10	5
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	10	5	5
Welsh	5	0	0	10	5	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	285	140	150	1,685	875	810
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	5	0
Danish	5	5	5	30	15	15
Dutch	95	50	45	715	375	345
Frisian	0	0	0	30	20	10
German	170	75	90	865	450	420
Icelandic	0	0	0	5	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	5	5	0	10
Swedish	0	5	0	15	5	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	15	10	5
Yiddish	0	0	0	5	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Greek	70	45	30	130	75	50
Indo-Iranian languages	830	425	405	980	505	470
Indo-Aryan languages	710	365	345	830	430	400
Bengali	45	25	20	45	25	25
Gujarati	50	25	20	70	40	30
Hindi	20	10	15	25	10	15
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	5	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	5	0	0
Nepali	5	5	0	5	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	105	50	55	125	60	65
Sindhi	10	5	5	5	5	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	10	5	10	5	5
Urdu	465	240	230	535	280	260
Iranian languages	115	55	60	135	75	65
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	65	35	30	70	35	30
Persian (Farsi)	55	25	25	70	40	35
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	5	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages	330	155	170	600	315	280
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	140	70	65	260	150	110
Portuguese	25	10	20	70	25	40
Romanian	35	15	15	45	25	25
Spanish	130	55	65	215	115	105
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Japanese	15	5	10	25	5	15
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	20	5	10	35	10	25
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	5	10	30	15	15
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	5	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	5	0
Lingala	5	0	5	5	5	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	5	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	10	5	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	5	5	20	10	10
American Sign Language	10	5	5	10	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	5	0	0	5
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	10	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	125	60	65	195	85	110
Chinese languages	125	60	65	195	85	110
Cantonese	70	40	30	75	40	35
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	45	20	30	85	30	55
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	10	0	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	0	35	10	20
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	15	0	10
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	5
Thai	10	0	5	10	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	10	10	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	5	10	5	5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	5	0	0
Uralic languages	75	40	35	155	85	70
Estonian	10	0	5	15	10	5
Finnish	5	5	5	15	10	5
Hungarian	65	30	30	120	65	60
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	5	5	5	0	0
Multiple responses	1,225	575	645	2,265	1,075	1,190
English and French	945	440	505	1,705	820	885
English and non-official language	215	100	115	450	195	255
French and non-official language	30	15	10	50	25	20
English, French and non-official language	35	20	15	55	35	25
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	45,625	21,890	23,735	111,790	54,945	56,845
Single responses	44,235	21,250	22,985	109,255	53,770	55,485
Official languages	42,850	20,570	22,285	107,155	52,740	54,410
English	38,310	18,550	19,755	94,685	46,825	47,860
French	4,540	2,010	2,530	12,470	5,920	6,550
Non-official languages	1,380	680	700	2,110	1,030	1,080
Aboriginal languages	25	15	5	135	60	75
Algonquian languages	5	5	0	5	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	0	5	5	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	5	0	0	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	15	10	5	135	60	75
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	20	10	10	135	55	75
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,360	665	690	1,970	970	1,005
Afro-Asiatic languages	75	35	40	140	70	70
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	80	35	40	135	70	70
Amharic	5	5	5	5	0	5
Arabic	70	35	35	130	65	70
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	5	5	5	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	20	20	40	20	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	40	20	25	45	20	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	5	10	20	5	15
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	5	25	5	15
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	10	5	10	5	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	10	10	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	285	150	135	295	155	145
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	0	0	5	0	0
Tamil	280	150	135	290	155	140
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	795	385	410	1,245	615	630
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	5	0	0	5	5	5
Balto-Slavic languages	35	15	15	70	40	35
Baltic languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Latvian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	35	20	20	70	40	30
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	5	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	5	0
Czech	5	0	0	5	0	5
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	15	10	5	25	15	15
Russian	5	0	5	20	10	10
Serbian	5	5	0	10	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	25	10	15	260	130	140
Afrikaans	0	0	0	5	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	5	0	5	65	30	35
Frisian	0	0	0	5	5	0
German	20	10	10	180	85	90
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	20	10	10	45	20	25
Indo-Iranian languages	580	280	300	675	330	345
Indo-Aryan languages	490	240	250	575	285	285
Bengali	20	10	5	25	15	10
Gujarati	25	15	10	40	20	20
Hindi	10	5	10	10	5	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	50	25	25	55	30	25
Sindhi	5	0	0	5	5	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	5	5	0
Urdu	370	180	190	425	210	215
Iranian languages	90	40	50	105	50	55
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	50	25	25	50	20	30
Persian (Farsi)	40	20	20	50	20	30
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	130	65	70	190	95	90
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	40	20	20	45	25	20
Portuguese	5	5	0	15	5	5
Romanian	20	5	10	20	10	5
Spanish	65	35	35	110	55	50
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	10	10	0	10
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	10	0	10	20	5	10
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	5	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Sign languages	20	5	10	30	15	15
American Sign Language	5	5	5	10	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	5	0	0	5
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	15	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	85	40	45	115	55	60
Chinese languages	85	40	40	115	55	60
Cantonese	50	30	20	50	30	20
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	30	10	20	45	15	30
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	5	0	0	0	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	5	15	5	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	5	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	20	10	10	35	10	20
Estonian	0	5	0	5	5	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	15	10	10	30	15	20
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,390	645	745	2,535	1,175	1,360
English and French	790	345	445	1,440	655	785
English and non-official language	530	265	265	980	460	520
French and non-official language	20	10	10	25	15	15
English, French and non-official language	55	25	25	80	45	40
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	45,620	21,895	23,735	111,790	54,945	56,845
None	36,570	17,800	18,770	92,715	46,060	46,660
English	3,010	1,355	1,655	6,730	3,180	3,555
French	5,070	2,275	2,800	10,215	4,680	5,530
Non-official language	865	405	460	1,925	915	1,005
Aboriginal	105	50	55	325	150	180
Non-Aboriginal	760	355	400	1,595	770	825
English and French	25	20	15	65	35	30
English and non-official language	30	15	15	50	25	20
French and non-official language	45	20	25	95	50	45
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	37,955	18,050	19,905	93,070	45,455	47,615
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	36,465	17,325	19,140	89,485	43,710	45,770
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	26,644	30,610	23,889	30,935	36,546	26,497
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	36,470	17,325	19,145	89,510	43,710	45,795
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	25,068	28,193	22,803	28,354	32,892	24,757
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	29,350	14,395	14,950	76,815	38,510	38,305
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	25,131	29,894	20,748	29,413	35,250	23,817
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	29,840	13,560	16,275	68,235	31,400	36,840
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	9,841	9,009	10,282	8,446	8,338	8,596
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	22,635	11,720	10,915	61,220	32,055	29,160
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	26,306	29,150	23,564	30,398	34,543	26,570
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	37,955	18,055	19,905	93,070	45,455	47,615
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	36,475	17,320	19,155	89,500	43,830	45,670
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,767	38,053	29,892	38,922	44,410	33,655
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	36,475	17,320	19,160	89,515	43,830	45,680
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,734	32,983	26,797	33,493	37,613	29,539
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	29,305	14,390	14,915	76,740	38,520	38,215
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,884	36,858	27,085	37,227	43,271	31,135
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	29,710	13,450	16,255	67,960	31,170	36,790
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	10,007	9,566	10,371	9,221	8,973	9,431
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	22,635	11,685	10,945	61,215	32,045	29,170
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,499	35,926	28,841	37,183	41,796	32,116
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	37,955	18,055	19,905	93,075	45,455	47,615
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	10,045	5,585	4,460	29,820	17,005	12,815
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	42,127	44,487	39,972	47,364	51,122	43,286
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	49,554	52,995	45,241	54,138	58,261	48,666
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	75.9	80.5	70.7	82.2	85.8	77.6
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	59.3	63.1	55.1	65.2	68.2	61.4
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	24.1	19.5	29.3	17.8	14.2	22.4
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	37,955	18,050	19,905	93,070	45,455	47,615
Without total income	1,490	725	770	3,585	1,745	1,845
With total income	36,465	17,330	19,135	89,485	43,710	45,770
Percentage with total income	96.1	96.0	96.1	96.1	96.2	96.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,715	2,045	2,670	11,240	4,775	6,465
$10,000 to $19,999	8,580	3,465	5,110	17,790	7,125	10,670
$20,000 to $29,999	6,855	2,985	3,875	14,575	6,435	8,140
$30,000 to $39,999	5,145	2,450	2,690	11,855	5,510	6,345
$40,000 to $49,999	3,900	2,025	1,875	9,825	5,095	4,735
$50,000 to $59,999	2,470	1,405	1,070	7,255	4,205	3,055
$60,000 to $69,999	1,660	1,015	645	5,170	3,110	2,060
$70,000 to $79,999	965	595	370	3,415	2,135	1,280
$80,000 to $89,999	660	395	270	2,330	1,440	890
$90,000 to $99,999	580	295	285	2,060	1,115	945
$100,000 and over	940	655	285	3,970	2,770	1,200
$100,000 to $149,999	750	510	240	3,000	2,065	940
$150,000 and over	190	145	45	965	710	260
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	37,955	18,050	19,905	93,070	45,455	47,615
Without after-tax income	1,480	725	755	3,565	1,740	1,820
With after-tax income	36,475	17,330	19,145	89,510	43,710	45,795
Percentage with after-tax income	96.1	96.0	96.2	96.2	96.2	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,845	2,070	2,770	11,650	4,875	6,780
$10,000 to $19,999	8,900	3,580	5,325	18,540	7,420	11,115
$20,000 to $29,999	7,880	3,560	4,325	16,900	7,595	9,310
$30,000 to $39,999	5,870	2,925	2,945	13,905	6,855	7,050
$40,000 to $49,999	3,820	2,015	1,805	10,630	5,825	4,810
$50,000 to $59,999	2,220	1,360	860	6,855	4,160	2,690
$60,000 to $69,999	1,135	705	430	4,085	2,535	1,550
$70,000 to $79,999	815	440	375	2,840	1,660	1,185
$80,000 and over	985	670	320	4,100	2,790	1,305
$80,000 to $89,999	465	280	185	1,690	1,045	645
$90,000 to $99,999	195	145	55	855	615	240
$100,000 and over	325	250	80	1,555	1,135	425
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	37,955	18,050	19,905	93,070	45,455	47,620
Without employment income	15,325	6,335	8,990	31,855	13,400	18,455
With employment income	22,635	11,720	10,915	61,215	32,060	29,160
Percentage with employment income	59.6	64.9	54.8	65.8	70.5	61.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,815	2,040	1,770	9,435	4,945	4,490
$5,000 to $9,999	2,045	910	1,135	5,045	2,225	2,820
$10,000 to $19,999	3,420	1,530	1,890	8,345	3,740	4,605
$20,000 to $29,999	3,180	1,505	1,675	7,470	3,495	3,980
$30,000 to $39,999	3,050	1,510	1,540	7,570	3,610	3,955
$40,000 to $49,999	2,405	1,305	1,095	6,415	3,440	2,975
$50,000 to $59,999	1,515	920	595	4,875	2,910	1,970
$60,000 to $69,999	990	635	360	3,415	2,145	1,270
$70,000 to $79,999	640	390	245	2,400	1,500	900
$80,000 and over	1,570	975	600	6,245	4,040	2,200
$80,000 to $89,999	455	260	190	1,730	1,075	660
$90,000 to $99,999	480	235	240	1,715	910	800
$100,000 and over	640	470	165	2,795	2,050	745
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	20,930	...	...	47,830	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	46,564	...	...	59,526	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	43,233	...	...	53,615	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	7,260	...	...	13,470	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	24,524	...	...	27,794	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	23,519	...	...	25,865	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	13,670	...	...	34,360	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	62,053	...	...	75,103	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	56,876	...	...	66,986	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	20,930	...	...	47,830	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	58,847	...	...	72,831	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	51,819	...	...	62,682	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	7,255	...	...	13,485	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,074	...	...	38,011	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	29,556	...	...	32,571	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	13,675	...	...	34,345	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	71,989	...	...	86,506	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	63,629	...	...	74,508	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	20,930	...	...	47,830	...	...
Under $5,000	250	...	...	555	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	395	...	...	660	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,160	...	...	1,705	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,495	...	...	2,475	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,565	...	...	2,700	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,345	...	...	2,340	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,400	...	...	2,620	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,320	...	...	2,540	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,175	...	...	2,270	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,095	...	...	2,205	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,820	...	...	4,035	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,585	...	...	3,710	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,330	...	...	3,305	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,065	...	...	2,875	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	890	...	...	2,580	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,040	...	...	11,245	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,430	...	...	4,620	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	715	...	...	2,675	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	600	...	...	2,515	...	...
$200,000 and over	300	...	...	1,435	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	20,935	...	...	47,830	...	...
Under $5,000	260	...	...	590	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	400	...	...	675	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,155	...	...	1,705	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,560	...	...	2,595	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,750	...	...	2,995	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,475	...	...	2,570	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,540	...	...	2,950	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,445	...	...	2,820	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,305	...	...	2,670	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,200	...	...	2,560	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,080	...	...	4,780	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,675	...	...	4,130	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,390	...	...	3,675	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,030	...	...	3,115	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	735	...	...	2,360	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,925	...	...	7,635	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,045	...	...	3,745	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	470	...	...	1,920	...	...
$150,000 and over	415	...	...	1,970	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	13,150	...	...	33,420	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	62,249	...	...	75,368	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	57,021	...	...	67,146	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	5,750	...	...	15,355	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	62,976	...	...	70,814	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	57,222	...	...	63,040	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	4,320	...	...	12,245	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	81,137	...	...	98,137	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	73,088	...	...	85,971	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,710	...	...	4,975	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	38,816	...	...	43,959	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	37,824	...	...	41,923	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	13,120	...	...	33,350	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	72,474	...	...	86,883	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	63,988	...	...	74,745	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	5,740	...	...	15,335	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	69,719	...	...	80,213	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	61,246	...	...	68,798	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	4,275	...	...	12,185	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	92,350	...	...	109,288	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	80,657	...	...	93,222	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,710	...	...	4,980	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	46,899	...	...	53,058	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	43,287	...	...	47,908	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	8,720	4,050	4,670	16,210	7,790	8,420
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	23,550	24,000	23,296	26,576	28,715	25,255
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	22,811	22,954	22,680	24,999	26,249	24,096
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	8,700	4,045	4,655	16,225	7,860	8,365
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	32,284	33,855	30,920	36,087	38,505	33,814
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	28,172	28,785	27,639	31,123	32,602	29,734
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	45,175	21,675	23,500	110,810	54,530	56,280
In the bottom half of the distribution	31,030	14,590	16,440	63,490	30,470	33,020
In the bottom decile	7,335	3,425	3,910	12,300	5,860	6,440
In the second decile	8,060	3,620	4,440	14,800	6,735	8,065
In the third decile	6,080	2,885	3,195	12,770	6,135	6,635
In the fourth decile	4,995	2,435	2,560	11,875	5,855	6,020
In the fifth decile	4,565	2,225	2,335	11,745	5,885	5,860
In the top half of the distribution	14,145	7,085	7,060	47,325	24,065	23,260
In the sixth decile	4,110	2,025	2,085	11,720	5,950	5,770
In the seventh decile	3,530	1,780	1,750	10,845	5,520	5,325
In the eighth decile	2,875	1,430	1,445	10,045	5,090	4,955
In the ninth decile	2,255	1,135	1,120	8,720	4,430	4,285
In the top decile	1,370	710	660	5,990	3,065	2,925
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	45,175	21,675	23,495	109,390	53,870	55,520
0 to 17 years	8,680	4,385	4,295	21,055	10,850	10,200
0 to 5 years	2,960	1,500	1,455	6,715	3,460	3,250
18 to 64 years	26,700	12,880	13,820	65,745	32,335	33,410
65 years and over	9,795	4,410	5,385	22,590	10,690	11,905
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	11,865	5,400	6,460	19,570	9,120	10,450
0 to 17 years	3,275	1,675	1,605	5,140	2,650	2,490
0 to 5 years	1,360	695	660	1,950	1,020	935
18 to 64 years	6,800	3,100	3,710	10,930	5,110	5,820
65 years and over	1,780	635	1,150	3,500	1,360	2,140
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	26.3	24.9	27.5	17.9	16.9	18.8
0 to 17 years (%)	37.7	38.2	37.4	24.4	24.4	24.4
0 to 5 years (%)	45.9	46.3	45.4	29.0	29.5	28.8
18 to 64 years (%)	25.5	24.1	26.8	16.6	15.8	17.4
65 years and over (%)	18.2	14.4	21.4	15.5	12.7	18.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	5,435	2,600	2,830	7,515	3,670	3,845
0 to 17 years	1,365	685	675	1,805	905	895
0 to 5 years	595	300	285	705	365	345
18 to 64 years	3,855	1,850	2,005	5,340	2,625	2,715
65 years and over	215	65	145	365	135	235
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	12.0	12.0	12.0	6.9	6.8	6.9
0 to 17 years (%)	15.7	15.6	15.7	8.6	8.3	8.8
0 to 5 years (%)	20.1	20.0	19.6	10.5	10.5	10.6
18 to 64 years (%)	14.4	14.4	14.5	8.1	8.1	8.1
65 years and over (%)	2.2	1.5	2.7	1.6	1.3	2.0
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	45,175	21,675	23,500	110,810	54,530	56,280
Official languages	45,010	21,610	23,405	110,615	54,450	56,160
English	44,630	21,455	23,175	109,320	53,830	55,485
French	19,255	8,760	10,490	43,870	20,485	23,385
Non-official languages	3,820	1,835	1,980	7,970	3,810	4,160
Aboriginal languages	170	95	75	810	360	445
Algonquian languages	25	20	0	30	20	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	20	15	10	20	15	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	20	10	10	20	10	10
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	0	10	10	10
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	10	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	10	0	20	10	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	0	0	15	10	10
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	130	75	60	755	330	425
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	135	75	60	755	330	425
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,660	1,745	1,910	7,175	3,455	3,715
Afro-Asiatic languages	210	85	125	300	130	165
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	210	85	125	295	130	165
Amharic	10	0	0	15	0	10
Arabic	185	85	105	255	125	135
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	0	10	25	10	20
Maltese	0	10	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	20	20	50	20	25
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	40	20	20	50	20	30
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	90	30	60	165	45	120
Bikol	10	0	0	10	10	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ilocano	10	0	0	10	10	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	10
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90	30	65	165	50	115
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	30	15	15	35	15	20
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	35	15	15	35	20	20
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	400	225	170	410	230	180
Kannada	0	0	10	10	0	10
Malayalam	10	10	0	15	10	10
Tamil	380	215	165	395	220	175
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,560	1,220	1,340	5,590	2,725	2,860
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Balto-Slavic languages	180	100	80	460	250	210
Baltic languages	10	10	0	45	30	20
Latvian	10	10	0	35	15	15
Lithuanian	0	0	0	15	15	0
Slavic languages	165	85	85	415	220	195
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	30	20	10	45	25	15
Czech	25	15	15	55	25	25
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Polish	60	25	30	145	70	75
Russian	30	15	15	105	55	55
Serbian	10	10	10	15	10	10
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	10	20	15	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	35	15	25	85	50	35
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	30	10	20	45	15	30
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0	15	10	10
Welsh	0	0	0	15	10	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	15	0	10
Germanic languages	380	185	200	2,125	1,040	1,090
Afrikaans	0	0	0	25	15	15
Danish	10	0	10	45	20	25
Dutch	100	50	50	765	355	410
Frisian	10	0	10	45	25	25
German	255	140	120	1,235	640	600
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	15	20	0	25
Swedish	10	0	10	25	10	15
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0	0	10	0
Yiddish	10	10	0	25	20	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	135	70	60	185	100	80
Indo-Iranian languages	1,170	550	625	1,405	690	710
Indo-Aryan languages	1,015	485	530	1,230	615	610
Bengali	115	60	55	130	65	60
Gujarati	60	20	35	150	70	80
Hindi	90	45	40	120	60	60
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	10	10	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	235	120	115	290	155	135
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	790	375	420	860	430	435
Iranian languages	185	80	105	205	95	110
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	65	35	30	65	40	30
Persian (Farsi)	120	45	75	140	55	80
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	730	345	390	1,515	710	805
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	205	105	95	450	235	215
Portuguese	40	20	20	100	50	55
Romanian	35	15	20	45	30	20
Spanish	510	235	275	995	445	550
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	10	0	10
Japanese	15	10	0	45	25	20
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	15	10	10
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	25	15	10	70	40	25
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	10	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	10	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	25	20	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	10	10	10	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	20	10	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	100	30	75	170	55	115
American Sign Language	45	10	35	70	25	50
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	10	40	15	25
Sign languages, n.i.e.	50	20	30	60	20	40
Sino-Tibetan languages	150	90	55	225	130	100
Chinese languages	145	90	60	225	130	95
Cantonese	85	55	30	110	75	35
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	45	15	35	110	45	70
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	20	0	25	25	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	35	15	20
Lao	0	0	0	10	10	10
Thai	0	0	10	30	15	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	45	10	35	70	15	60
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	20	0	20	45	10	35
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	20	25	0	20
Uralic languages	70	35	35	140	60	80
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	10	0	10	25	0	20
Hungarian	65	35	30	110	55	55
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	45,175	21,675	23,495	110,810	54,530	56,285
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	44,335	21,325	23,010	109,055	53,740	55,310
Canadian citizens aged under 18	8,525	4,335	4,190	21,270	10,975	10,295
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	35,810	16,990	18,820	87,785	42,770	45,015
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	840	350	490	1,760	790	975
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	45,175	21,675	23,500	110,810	54,530	56,280
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	41,805	20,100	21,710	103,305	50,980	52,330
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	3,225	1,510	1,715	7,170	3,380	3,795
Before 1981	1,335	640	700	3,845	1,830	2,015
1981 to 1990	355	175	180	865	425	445
1991 to 2000	545	260	280	975	460	520
2001 to 2010	735	315	415	1,080	470	610
2001 to 2005	410	195	220	580	260	315
2006 to 2010	320	120	200	500	210	290
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	265	125	140	400	200	205
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	140	65	75	330	170	155
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	3,230	1,515	1,715	7,170	3,380	3,790
Under 5 years	435	230	210	1,045	525	525
5 to 14 years	640	300	335	1,570	780	800
15 to 24 years	755	325	425	1,735	765	975
25 to 44 years	1,235	585	650	2,485	1,155	1,325
45 years and over	165	70	95	330	160	170
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	3,230	1,510	1,715	7,170	3,380	3,790
Americas	565	225	340	1,145	440	710
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	10	0
El Salvador	0	10	10	20	10	10
Guyana	20	0	15	50	20	30
Haiti	20	15	0	20	15	10
Jamaica	15	10	10	50	30	20
Mexico	10	10	10	25	0	20
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	25	10	15	45	20	25
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	425	160	260	845	295	555
Other places of birth in Americas	45	20	25	95	45	50
Europe	1,210	610	605	4,050	2,050	1,995
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	10	0	0
Croatia	15	0	10	25	15	15
France	40	20	20	95	50	50
Germany	120	60	55	430	235	195
Greece	75	40	35	105	60	45
Hungary	45	20	20	70	40	30
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	10	0	10	55	35	25
Italy	105	50	55	195	110	80
Netherlands	95	50	40	660	315	345
Poland	40	20	20	90	55	35
Portugal	30	15	15	75	35	40
Romania	20	0	10	40	20	20
Russian Federation	0	10	0	15	10	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	10	10	10	15	10	10
Ukraine	10	10	10	15	0	15
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	495	240	255	1,470	675	795
Other places of birth in Europe	105	60	45	670	370	295
Africa	140	70	75	235	130	110
Algeria	10	10	0	15	0	0
Egypt	25	15	10	35	20	15
Ethiopia	15	10	10	15	0	10
Kenya	0	10	0	15	15	0
Morocco	15	10	0	25	10	10
Nigeria	0	0	0	10	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	20	20	0
Other places of birth in Africa	65	25	40	105	40	70
Asia	1,290	600	690	1,695	750	945
Afghanistan	25	10	15	35	15	15
Bangladesh	65	35	30	65	35	30
China^{Census data footnote 59}	85	40	50	140	55	85
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	15	15	0	20	15	10
India	120	65	55	220	110	115
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	40	20	15	45	25	20
Iraq	20	10	10	15	10	15
Japan	10	0	0	10	0	10
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	15	10	10
Lebanon	40	10	25	50	20	30
Pakistan	440	195	245	490	220	270
Philippines	105	30	70	175	50	130
Sri Lanka	230	125	105	240	125	110
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	10	10	0	10	10	10
Taiwan	0	0	0	15	10	10
Viet Nam	35	15	20	45	10	30
Other places of birth in Asia	50	20	30	115	45	65
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	20	15	10	45	20	30
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	265	130	135	400	200	205
Americas	30	20	15	80	50	35
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	10	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	10
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	25	15	10	75	45	30
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	35	20	20	75	40	30
France	20	15	0	20	15	10
Germany	10	0	10	15	10	10
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	30	20	10
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	10	0	0	10
Africa	20	15	0	15	15	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	10	0	0	10	10	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	0	10	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	10	0	0	10	0
Asia	170	75	95	215	90	125
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	10
China^{Census data footnote 59}	25	15	10	25	15	10
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	30	15	15	45	25	25
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	20	10	10	15	15	10
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	10	0	10	10	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	15	0	15	15	0	10
Philippines	20	10	15	40	15	30
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	20	0	15	20	0	15
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	10	10	0	10	0	10
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	10	10	20	10	10
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	10	10	10	0	10
Australia	10	0	0	15	0	10
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	45,175	21,675	23,500	110,810	54,530	56,285
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	3,490	1,655	1,835	7,930	3,800	4,135
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	4,425	2,110	2,320	11,900	5,875	6,025
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	37,255	17,905	19,345	90,975	44,860	46,120
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	1,945	900	1,040	3,450	1,595	1,850
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	580	280	300	1,385	685	705
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	205	130	80	520	345	170
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	370	145	225	870	335	525
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	755	285	470	1,370	520	850
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	530	305	225	610	360	250
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	80	35	45	80	35	50
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	45,175	21,675	23,495	110,810	54,530	56,285
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	1,890	865	1,020	4,845	2,205	2,635
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	1,820	835	985	4,695	2,130	2,565
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	1,235	610	625	3,450	1,595	1,855
Métis	500	190	310	1,140	500	640
Inuk (Inuit)	85	30	55	105	30	70
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	40	20	25	75	40	40
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	30	20	15	80	40	35
Non-Aboriginal identity	43,285	20,810	22,475	105,970	52,325	53,645
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	45,170	21,680	23,495	110,810	54,530	56,285
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	880	435	440	2,825	1,325	1,505
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	44,300	21,240	23,055	107,985	53,205	54,775
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	45,170	21,675	23,500	110,810	54,530	56,285
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	640	310	325	2,240	1,055	1,190
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	630	315	320	2,220	1,045	1,170
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	545	295	250	2,025	995	1,030
Métis single ancestry	75	15	60	155	40	110
Inuit single ancestry	20	0	15	45	10	35
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	10	20	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	10	20	10	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	2,635	1,100	1,525	5,795	2,500	3,295
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	2,550	1,075	1,475	5,660	2,455	3,210
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,995	845	1,150	4,265	1,870	2,400
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	480	205	275	1,315	560	755
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	75	25	50	85	25	60
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	85	30	50	135	45	90
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	80	30	55	125	45	80
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	41,905	20,260	21,645	102,775	50,980	51,800
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	45,175	21,675	23,500	110,810	54,530	56,285
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	2,775	1,365	1,405	3,865	1,900	1,965
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	1,500	765	735	1,750	910	840
Chinese	170	105	65	295	155	140
Black	405	195	210	690	330	365
Filipino	150	50	100	265	85	180
Latin American	65	30	40	125	55	70
Arab	110	60	50	140	75	60
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	70	25	50	115	50	70
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	155	65	90	180	80	105
Korean	10	10	0	35	20	10
Japanese	20	10	10	65	35	30
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	40	15	25	70	25	40
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	80	45	40	135	75	60
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	42,400	20,310	22,090	106,950	52,625	54,320
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	45,175	21,680	23,500	110,815	54,530	56,280
North American Aboriginal origins	3,270	1,415	1,855	8,035	3,555	4,485
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,625	1,170	1,455	6,430	2,910	3,525
Inuit	90	30	65	140	40	95
Métis	640	245	395	1,615	650	970
Other North American origins	24,305	11,535	12,775	55,930	27,195	28,735
Acadian	60	25	35	155	65	95
American	615	230	390	1,265	455	810
Canadian	23,850	11,330	12,520	54,975	26,805	28,175
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	20	10	10	40	20	20
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Ontarian	20	10	0	35	25	10
Québécois	55	30	25	75	50	25
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	10	15	0	15	15	0
European origins	28,180	13,425	14,755	74,495	36,610	37,890
British Isles origins	17,900	8,485	9,415	50,060	24,210	25,845
Channel Islander	10	10	10	10	0	10
Cornish	10	0	0	15	10	10
English	9,090	4,240	4,845	23,295	11,025	12,265
Irish	7,430	3,390	4,040	22,075	10,425	11,645
Manx	0	0	0	35	20	10
Scottish	7,115	3,440	3,670	23,580	11,580	12,000
Welsh	485	215	270	1,415	700	710
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	815	345	470	2,450	1,090	1,365
French origins	15,260	7,090	8,165	31,970	15,310	16,655
Alsatian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Breton	0	0	0	15	10	10
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	15,260	7,090	8,170	31,955	15,305	16,645
Western European origins (except French origins)	4,090	1,980	2,115	16,085	7,950	8,135
Austrian	65	25	40	340	155	185
Bavarian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Belgian	155	90	65	360	220	145
Dutch	1,150	580	570	6,625	3,370	3,255
Flemish	0	0	0	10	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	95	50	45
German	2,985	1,405	1,585	9,285	4,440	4,845
Luxembourger	0	0	0	10	0	0
Swiss	15	10	10	920	490	430
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	460	245	220	1,430	705	720
Danish	80	50	30	370	230	140
Finnish	45	20	25	215	105	110
Icelandic	20	0	15	80	25	55
Norwegian	185	100	85	375	190	185
Swedish	135	70	65	415	165	250
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	15	0	10	75	40	35
Eastern European origins	1,440	685	755	3,960	1,935	2,025
Bulgarian	10	0	0	25	20	0
Byelorussian	10	10	0	10	15	0
Czech	25	15	10	95	50	50
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	10	10	10	55	30	25
Estonian	10	10	10	25	20	10
Hungarian	260	105	155	620	260	360
Latvian	10	10	0	95	45	50
Lithuanian	35	15	25	115	55	55
Moldovan	15	10	0	20	10	0
Polish	610	275	335	1,695	825	865
Romanian	70	25	40	180	80	100
Russian	105	60	45	330	140	195
Slovak	20	15	0	135	55	75
Ukrainian	340	170	170	940	505	435
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	10	0	10	15	0	10
Southern European origins	1,975	995	985	4,135	2,070	2,060
Albanian	15	0	10	15	10	10
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	45	20	20	95	50	45
Cypriot	0	0	0	15	10	10
Greek	255	145	115	460	250	205
Italian	1,250	630	625	2,620	1,295	1,325
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	10	0	20	15	10
Maltese	0	10	0	30	20	10
Montenegrin	25	15	10	25	10	10
Portuguese	130	65	65	360	175	190
Serbian	15	10	0	30	15	15
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	10	40	30	10
Spanish	220	100	120	470	225	255
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	40	10	30	75	35	45
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	115	45	65	365	190	175
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	30	10	20	130	75	55
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	25	10	10
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	25	10	15
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	85	35	55	195	95	100
Caribbean origins	270	130	150	515	250	270
Antiguan	10	10	0	10	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Barbadian	35	15	20	100	50	50
Bermudan	0	0	0	25	15	15
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	15	10	10	10	10	10
Dominican	35	20	15	35	20	15
Grenadian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	40	20	20	55	25	30
Jamaican	65	25	40	165	80	85
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	10	10	0	15	10	0
St. Lucian	10	0	10	10	0	10
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	50	25	25	85	40	40
Vincentian/Grenadinian	10	0	0	15	10	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	25	15	15	35	10	25
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	195	85	105	325	140	180
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	10	10	0	30	10	20
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	15	20	0	20	15	10
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	10	0	10	10	0	10
Chilean	15	15	10	15	15	0
Colombian	10	0	10	10	0	10
Costa Rican	20	10	10	20	10	10
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Guyanese	10	10	10	40	20	20
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	10	10	10
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	75	35	40	115	45	65
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	35	10	25	45	20	30
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	10	0	10	10	10	10
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	10	0	10
African origins	415	200	220	680	325	360
Central and West African origins	65	25	35	75	40	35
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	30	15	15	35	10	20
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	20	10	10	20	10	10
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	10	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	10	0	10	10	10	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	10	0	10	10	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins	110	60	50	170	85	85
Algerian	20	10	10	20	10	10
Berber	0	0	0	10	10	10
Coptic	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	50	35	15	85	50	35
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	25	0	20	40	15	30
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	15	10	10	15	10	10
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	55	10	45	160	60	105
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	10	0	10
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ethiopian	25	10	15	30	0	20
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	10	0	10	10	0	10
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	20	10	10	55	30	30
Tanzanian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	15	10	0
Zulu	0	0	10	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	10	0	10	30	10	20
Other African origins	185	100	85	275	140	135
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	40	30	10	55	40	20
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	145	70	70	220	105	120
Asian origins	2,355	1,145	1,215	3,415	1,665	1,755
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	395	160	235	740	345	395
Afghan	45	15	35	65	25	45
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	40	15	25	105	55	50
Armenian	10	0	10	30	25	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	15	0	15
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	75	30	45	95	45	50
Iraqi	0	0	0	10	0	10
Israeli	0	0	0	10	0	10
Jordanian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	25	10	15	35	15	20
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	120	45	75	250	110	140
Palestinian	10	0	0	10	0	10
Pashtun	40	25	15	40	25	15
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	10	0	0	35	25	10
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	25	20	10	55	30	25
Turkmen	20	0	20	20	0	20
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	10	0	10	0	0	10
South Asian origins	1,505	770	735	1,780	930	850
Bangladeshi	75	35	35	70	35	35
Bengali	35	15	15	35	15	15
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	595	320	280	850	460	390
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	495	230	275	500	235	275
Punjabi	25	15	10	40	25	15
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	275	155	125	290	160	125
Tamil	30	15	15	25	15	15
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	65	35	30	85	45	35
East and Southeast Asian origins	455	210	245	915	410	515
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese	195	105	90	400	190	210
Filipino	185	70	115	305	105	205
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	20	0	10	110	55	55
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	30	20	0
Laotian	0	0	0	20	15	10
Malaysian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	10	0	10	10	0	10
Taiwanese	0	0	10	15	10	10
Thai	10	10	0	30	15	15
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	65	30	40	90	35	55
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	40	25	15	40	25	15
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	40	25	15	40	25	15
Oceania origins	55	20	30	110	50	60
Australian	50	25	30	100	45	60
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	10	0
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	0	10	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	20,930	...	...	47,830	...	...
Owner	11,450	...	...	33,885	...	...
Renter	9,480	...	...	13,945	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	20,935	...	...	47,830	...	...
Condominium	580	...	...	900	...	...
Not condominium	20,350	...	...	46,925	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	20,935	...	...	47,825	...	...
No bedrooms	105	...	...	130	...	...
1 bedroom	2,930	...	...	4,365	...	...
2 bedrooms	6,790	...	...	12,755	...	...
3 bedrooms	7,880	...	...	20,155	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,225	...	...	10,425	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	20,930	...	...	47,830	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	6,145	...	...	9,710	...	...
5 rooms	3,945	...	...	7,860	...	...
6 rooms	3,550	...	...	8,520	...	...
7 rooms	2,770	...	...	7,565	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,515	...	...	14,170	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.9	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	20,930	...	...	47,825	...	...
One person or fewer per room	20,785	...	...	47,490	...	...
More than 1 person per room	145	...	...	340	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	20,935	...	...	47,830	...	...
Suitable	20,275	...	...	46,500	...	...
Not suitable	660	...	...	1,330	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	20,930	...	...	47,830	...	...
1960 or before	8,185	...	...	17,855	...	...
1961 to 1980	6,935	...	...	13,070	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,795	...	...	6,720	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,450	...	...	4,680	...	...
2001 to 2005	480	...	...	1,840	...	...
2006 to 2010	540	...	...	1,825	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	550	...	...	1,835	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	20,930	...	...	47,830	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	19,130	...	...	43,895	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,805	...	...	3,935	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	20,930	...	...	47,830	...	...
1 household maintainer	13,830	...	...	28,950	...	...
2 household maintainers	6,875	...	...	18,410	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	230	...	...	470	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	20,930	...	...	47,830	...	...
15 to 24 years	975	...	...	1,470	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,610	...	...	5,305	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,735	...	...	6,360	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,685	...	...	9,165	...	...
55 to 64 years	4,310	...	...	10,595	...	...
65 to 74 years	3,595	...	...	8,605	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,125	...	...	4,645	...	...
85 years and over	900	...	...	1,685	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	20,905	...	...	46,140	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	14,640	...	...	34,925	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,265	...	...	11,215	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,820	...	...	10,300	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	11,445	...	...	32,400	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	56.4	...	...	57.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	14.0	...	...	14.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	859	...	...	932	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	932	...	...	1,051	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	179,778	...	...	200,593	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	193,697	...	...	241,199	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,480	...	...	13,775	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	19.1	...	...	16.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	49.3	...	...	47.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	751	...	...	774	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	788	...	...	814	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	37,955	18,055	19,905	93,075	45,455	47,615
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,910	5,000	4,910	20,885	11,135	9,755
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	12,810	6,145	6,665	29,220	14,230	14,995
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,235	6,905	8,335	42,965	20,100	22,865
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,705	1,910	800	8,280	6,010	2,275
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	1,420	910	510	4,195	2,705	1,480
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,285	995	285	4,095	3,305	795
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	8,535	3,260	5,270	22,695	9,140	13,560
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	520	210	310	1,720	715	1,005
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	3,480	1,525	1,955	10,265	4,235	6,030
Bachelor's degree	2,455	1,025	1,430	7,365	2,935	4,425
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	325	140	190	800	315	480
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	60	40	25	200	110	90
Master's degree	580	285	290	1,685	750	935
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	55	40	10	210	120	95
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	22,960	10,970	11,990	57,925	28,220	29,705
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,285	2,295	1,990	8,435	4,895	3,540
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	7,935	3,935	4,005	18,325	9,080	9,245
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,740	4,740	6,000	31,170	14,240	16,930
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,690	1,180	515	5,505	3,975	1,535
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	880	565	325	2,740	1,755	980
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	810	620	190	2,770	2,215	550
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	6,450	2,485	3,965	17,315	7,075	10,240
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	280	125	160	980	430	550
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	2,315	950	1,370	7,365	2,765	4,600
Bachelor's degree	1,690	685	1,005	5,370	1,995	3,380
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	190	75	110	520	195	325
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	50	25	30	145	70	75
Master's degree	375	150	225	1,215	455	765
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	15	15	0	110	50	60
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	37,955	18,050	19,905	93,070	45,455	47,615
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	22,720	11,145	11,570	50,105	25,355	24,750
Education	1,120	275	840	3,145	690	2,450
13. Education	1,120	275	840	3,145	690	2,450
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	285	140	145	1,060	450	610
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	75	55	20	225	155	70
50. Visual and performing arts	205	80	125	825	290	540
Humanities	650	250	405	1,540	635	910
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	45	10	40	120	15	105
23. English language and literature/letters	145	65	85	395	165	225
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	255	75	185	515	160	355
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	10	0	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	20	10	75	45	25
39. Theology and religious vocations	45	30	15	135	90	50
54. History	85	40	40	210	135	80
55. French language and literature/letters	40	15	25	85	30	55
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,620	435	1,180	4,190	1,125	3,065
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	0	40	10	30
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	85	45	40	230	100	130
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	410	45	365	1,110	110	995
22. Legal professions and studies	290	90	195	670	195	470
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	115	20	100	270	30	240
42. Psychology	320	55	260	700	140	560
45. Social sciences	395	175	220	1,175	540	640
Business, management and public administration	3,140	1,080	2,055	7,945	2,450	5,495
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	20	0	15
44. Public administration and social service professions	510	70	435	1,100	140	960
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,630	1,010	1,620	6,825	2,305	4,525
Physical and life sciences and technologies	325	205	115	1,025	530	495
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	125	65	60	440	165	280
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	40	15	25	135	75	65
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	135	105	30	345	240	105
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	20	0	95	50	45
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	335	215	125	1,045	615	430
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	270	185	85	875	550	330
25. Library science	25	0	20	60	0	60
27. Mathematics and statistics	40	20	15	95	55	40
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	0	0	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	2,990	2,825	165	9,645	9,125	520
04. Architecture and related services	60	35	25	150	110	35
14. Engineering	220	190	25	795	700	95
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	670	595	75	2,100	1,900	200
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	740	725	10	2,285	2,235	55
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	845	825	25	3,035	2,940	95
48. Precision production	460	450	10	1,275	1,230	40
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	140	95	45	1,675	1,240	435
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	55	35	20	1,330	1,005	330
03. Natural resources and conservation	85	60	20	345	235	105
Health and related fields	3,220	625	2,600	7,880	1,235	6,645
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	155	80	75	470	195	275
51. Health professions and related programs	3,055	535	2,520	7,370	1,025	6,350
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	10	10	0	40	20	20
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,410	750	660	3,830	2,005	1,825
12. Personal and culinary services	770	210	560	1,875	435	1,440
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0	0	20	20	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	10	0	35	35	0
43. Security and protective services	305	215	85	1,000	685	315
49. Transportation and materials moving	330	320	10	900	835	65
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	22,960	10,970	11,995	57,925	28,220	29,705
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	12,220	6,230	5,990	26,755	13,975	12,780
Education	635	140	495	1,975	410	1,565
13. Education	635	140	495	1,980	415	1,565
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	220	100	120	795	315	475
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	55	40	20	155	115	45
50. Visual and performing arts	165	60	100	635	200	430
Humanities	370	135	235	920	355	570
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	25	0	25	80	10	75
23. English language and literature/letters	110	35	65	270	85	185
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	130	40	95	275	95	180
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	10	0	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	10	0	30	25	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	15	10	65	40	30
54. History	60	35	30	150	95	55
55. French language and literature/letters	15	0	20	35	10	30
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,240	320	925	3,170	770	2,395
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	25	0	20
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	65	35	30	175	85	95
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	320	40	275	825	85	735
22. Legal professions and studies	215	50	160	545	125	420
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	110	15	95	245	20	225
42. Psychology	230	45	180	500	95	405
45. Social sciences	300	125	175	855	365	495
Business, management and public administration	2,275	740	1,535	5,925	1,715	4,205
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	15	10	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	430	65	365	890	105	785
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,845	675	1,170	5,020	1,600	3,415
Physical and life sciences and technologies	180	115	70	720	340	380
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	85	50	35	350	130	225
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	25	10	15	100	45	50
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	10	10	10
40. Physical sciences	65	40	20	190	130	60
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	10	0	70	25	40
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	280	195	90	860	540	320
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	250	180	70	775	510	265
25. Library science	15	0	15	45	0	45
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	15	0	40	25	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	1,990	1,855	135	6,830	6,400	430
04. Architecture and related services	40	25	10	120	90	25
14. Engineering	150	130	20	520	435	80
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	485	420	65	1,580	1,415	165
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	0	10	0	0
46. Construction trades	480	465	10	1,590	1,545	45
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	510	490	20	2,090	2,005	80
48. Precision production	320	310	10	935	905	30
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	115	75	40	1,275	900	375
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	45	25	20	980	705	270
03. Natural resources and conservation	70	50	20	290	195	95
Health and related fields	2,360	480	1,875	5,730	955	4,780
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	115	60	55	360	150	210
51. Health professions and related programs	2,235	415	1,820	5,335	785	4,550
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	10	10	10	35	15	20
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,065	590	475	2,970	1,540	1,425
12. Personal and culinary services	545	155	390	1,410	300	1,110
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	25	30	0
43. Security and protective services	250	180	70	835	565	265
49. Transportation and materials moving	265	250	10	695	640	55
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	37,955	18,050	19,900	93,075	45,455	47,615
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,720	11,145	11,570	50,105	25,360	24,745
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	15,235	6,905	8,335	42,970	20,095	22,870
Location of study inside Canada	14,275	6,430	7,845	40,155	18,780	21,375
Same as province or territory of residence	12,345	5,545	6,795	34,120	15,925	18,195
Different than province or territory of residence	1,935	890	1,045	6,035	2,855	3,175
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	965	475	490	2,815	1,315	1,495
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	270	145	125	935	390	545
Philippines	45	10	35	80	10	75
India	70	35	35	120	55	65
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	150	70	80	530	285	245
China^{Census data footnote 162}	20	10	10	45	15	30
France	10	10	0	35	20	10
Other	395	195	205	1,065	540	525
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	22,965	10,970	11,990	57,920	28,220	29,705
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,225	6,230	5,990	26,755	13,975	12,780
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	10,740	4,735	6,000	31,170	14,240	16,925
Location of study inside Canada	10,065	4,425	5,640	29,340	13,460	15,880
Same as province or territory of residence	8,955	3,950	5,005	25,495	11,775	13,725
Different than province or territory of residence	1,110	475	630	3,845	1,685	2,155
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	675	310	360	1,825	785	1,045
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	220	115	105	720	285	435
Philippines	40	10	30	75	10	65
India	45	25	20	90	40	50
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	50	25	25	205	95	105
China^{Census data footnote 162}	20	10	10	45	15	30
France	10	0	0	20	10	10
Other	300	130	165	675	325	350
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	37,955	18,050	19,905	93,070	45,455	47,615
In the labour force	20,210	10,365	9,845	55,175	28,915	26,260
Employed	18,210	9,210	9,000	50,890	26,505	24,385
Unemployed	2,000	1,155	845	4,290	2,410	1,875
Not in the labour force	17,745	7,690	10,055	37,895	16,540	21,355
Participation rate	53.2	57.4	49.5	59.3	63.6	55.2
Employment rate	48.0	51.0	45.2	54.7	58.3	51.2
Unemployment rate	9.9	11.1	8.6	7.8	8.3	7.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	37,955	18,055	19,905	93,075	45,455	47,615
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	17,315	7,475	9,845	35,715	15,405	20,305
Worked	20,640	10,580	10,060	57,355	30,045	27,310
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	10,265	5,730	4,535	30,680	17,530	13,150
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	10,375	4,850	5,530	26,675	12,515	14,160
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.3	42.4	42.3	43.2	43.4	42.9
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	20,210	10,360	9,845	55,175	28,915	26,260
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	670	320	350	1,150	575	575
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	19,535	10,045	9,490	54,025	28,340	25,685
Employee	18,125	9,185	8,945	47,605	24,305	23,295
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	1,415	860	550	6,425	4,035	2,390
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	20,205	10,360	9,845	55,175	28,915	26,260
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	670	320	355	1,150	575	570
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	19,535	10,040	9,495	54,030	28,340	25,690
0 Management occupations	1,305	720	580	5,765	3,585	2,180
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,725	970	1,755	7,460	2,090	5,375
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	635	555	80	2,145	1,710	435
3 Health occupations	1,560	300	1,260	3,970	645	3,330
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,030	570	1,465	5,755	1,665	4,085
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	320	130	190	990	375	615
6 Sales and service occupations	5,730	2,350	3,380	12,460	4,915	7,545
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,725	3,345	380	10,870	9,975	895
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	195	140	60	1,495	1,060	440
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,300	965	340	3,130	2,335	795
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	20,205	10,365	9,845	55,180	28,915	26,260
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	670	320	350	1,150	575	570
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	19,540	10,045	9,495	54,025	28,340	25,690
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	70	40	25	2,610	1,840	770
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	10	15	0	85	80	15
22 Utilities	80	75	0	455	410	45
23 Construction	1,320	1,205	115	4,815	4,365	450
31-33 Manufacturing	1,965	1,400	560	5,295	3,815	1,480
41 Wholesale trade	605	430	170	1,900	1,370	525
44-45 Retail trade	3,210	1,500	1,710	7,115	3,295	3,825
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,540	1,235	305	3,645	2,715	935
51 Information and cultural industries	260	115	140	615	315	305
52 Finance and insurance	455	150	300	1,190	350	840
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	265	170	90	745	450	295
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	675	355	315	1,995	1,010	980
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20	0	25	35	10	30
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,150	610	540	2,510	1,355	1,155
61 Educational services	1,175	390	780	3,395	955	2,435
62 Health care and social assistance	2,875	520	2,350	7,185	1,090	6,095
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	290	100	195	940	385	550
72 Accommodation and food services	1,710	680	1,030	3,425	1,235	2,190
81 Other services (except public administration)	790	435	355	2,385	1,270	1,110
91 Public administration	1,085	610	475	3,680	2,025	1,660
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	18,210	9,210	9,000	50,890	26,505	24,385
Worked at home	755	390	365	4,135	2,195	1,945
Worked outside Canada	65	35	30	230	105	125
No fixed workplace address	1,700	1,160	545	5,750	4,355	1,390
Worked at usual place	15,690	7,625	8,060	40,775	19,850	20,930
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	15,690	7,625	8,055	40,775	19,845	20,925
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	12,815	5,740	7,065	19,850	9,225	10,625
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,655	980	670	11,230	5,305	5,920
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	880	625	255	8,175	4,355	3,815
Commute to a different province or territory	345	280	65	1,520	955	565
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	17,390	8,785	8,605	46,525	24,205	22,315
Car, truck, van - as a driver	13,330	7,045	6,285	39,405	21,060	18,345
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	1,715	750	960	3,120	1,400	1,715
Public transit	735	240	495	1,050	315	735
Walked	1,305	555	750	2,270	995	1,275
Bicycle	170	120	50	270	195	85
Other method	135	75	65	410	240	170
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	17,390	8,785	8,605	46,520	24,205	22,320
Less than 15 minutes	9,995	4,500	5,500	17,880	8,590	9,285
15 to 29 minutes	4,650	2,540	2,105	14,260	7,090	7,175
30 to 44 minutes	1,220	645	575	6,450	3,505	2,950
45 to 59 minutes	395	265	125	3,410	2,065	1,345
60 minutes and over	1,125	830	295	4,515	2,955	1,560
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	17,390	8,785	8,605	46,525	24,205	22,315
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,720	1,120	600	5,100	3,570	1,530
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,260	2,020	1,235	10,690	6,900	3,790
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	4,185	2,015	2,170	11,935	5,595	6,345
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,915	915	2,000	7,420	2,405	5,020
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,550	555	995	3,325	1,185	2,145
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,765	2,165	1,600	8,050	4,565	3,485
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	21,400	10,945	10,455	59,055	30,845	28,205
Single responses	20,285	10,490	9,800	56,490	29,740	26,755
Official languages	20,255	10,460	9,790	56,400	29,690	26,710
English	19,200	9,990	9,200	52,190	27,750	24,440
French	1,055	465	585	4,210	1,945	2,270
Non-official languages	40	25	0	95	50	45
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	10	10	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	35	30	10	85	50	35
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	10	0	10	10	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	15	10	0	55	30	30
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	45	15	25
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	40	15	25
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	10
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0	10	10	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	10	10	10	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	15	10	15	10	0
Chinese languages	20	15	0	15	10	0
Cantonese	10	0	0	10	0	10
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	0	15	15	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,110	455	655	2,560	1,105	1,455
English and French	1,050	445	600	2,400	1,040	1,355
English and non-official language	40	10	35	130	50	80
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	25	10	20	25	10	20
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	21,400	10,945	10,450	59,055	30,845	28,205
None	15,995	8,565	7,430	44,485	23,955	20,535
English	690	335	355	2,885	1,435	1,450
French	4,605	1,965	2,640	11,375	5,280	6,090
Non-official language	85	60	25	240	135	110
Aboriginal	15	0	15	65	20	45
Non-Aboriginal	70	55	15	175	115	60
English and French	10	0	0	0	10	0
English and non-official language	10	0	10	25	10	15
French and non-official language	0	0	0	45	30	15
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	44,625	21,435	23,190	109,635	53,925	55,710
Non-movers	37,700	18,140	19,560	97,225	47,820	49,400
Movers	6,925	3,300	3,625	12,410	6,105	6,305
Non-migrants	5,145	2,380	2,770	7,285	3,475	3,810
Migrants	1,780	920	860	5,130	2,635	2,495
Internal migrants	1,685	880	805	4,955	2,555	2,400
Intraprovincial migrants	1,160	635	530	3,910	2,050	1,865
Interprovincial migrants	525	250	275	1,045	510	530
External migrants	95	40	55	170	75	100
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	42,690	20,435	22,250	105,080	51,560	53,525
Non-movers	24,840	11,945	12,895	70,495	34,860	35,640
Movers	17,845	8,495	9,355	34,580	16,700	17,885
Non-migrants	12,500	5,870	6,630	18,930	9,070	9,855
Migrants	5,345	2,625	2,725	15,650	7,625	8,030
Internal migrants	5,015	2,460	2,560	15,075	7,335	7,740
Intraprovincial migrants	3,550	1,785	1,765	11,760	5,810	5,955
Interprovincial migrants	1,465	675	795	3,315	1,530	1,785
External migrants	335	170	170	580	290	290

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Cornwall, CY [Census subdivision], Ontario and Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry, UC [Census division], Ontario (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed March 22, 2025).

Date modified:: 2024-07-12

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Cornwall, City [Census subdivision], Ontario and Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry, United counties [Census division], Ontario

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Census Profile, 2016 Census Cornwall, City [Census subdivision], Ontario and Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry, United counties [Census division], Ontario

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Cornwall, City [Census subdivision], Ontario and Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry, United counties [Census division], Ontario