Census Profile, 2016 Census
Calgary, City [Census subdivision], Alberta and Courtenay [Census agglomeration], British Columbia

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic Calgary, CY
Alberta
[Census subdivision]
Courtenay
British Columbia
[Census agglomeration]
Data quality , Calgary, City [Census subdivision], Alberta  Map : Calgary, City [Census subdivision], Alberta
Change geography 1
Data quality : Courtenay [Census agglomeration], British Columbia  Map : geography 2
Change geography 2
Total Male Female Total Male Female
Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016Census data footnote 1 1,239,220 ... ... 54,157 ... ...
Population, 2011Census data footnote 1 1,096,833 ... ... 51,787r ... ...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016 13.0 ... ... 4.6 ... ...
Total private dwellingsCensus data footnote 2 489,650 ... ... 26,140 ... ...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residentsCensus data footnote 3 466,725 ... ... 24,436 ... ...
Population density per square kilometre 1,501.1 ... ... 90.9 ... ...
Land area in square kilometres 825.56 ... ... 596.00 ... ...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% dataCensus data footnote 4 1,239,220 618,245 620,975 54,160 25,880 28,280
0 to 14 years 226,980 116,520 110,460 7,305 3,760 3,550
0 to 4 years 77,985 40,055 37,930 2,200 1,100 1,105
5 to 9 years 79,365 40,865 38,500 2,575 1,355 1,220
10 to 14 years 69,630 35,600 34,030 2,530 1,305 1,225
15 to 64 years 873,835 438,600 435,235 32,085 15,190 16,900
15 to 19 years 69,730 35,750 33,985 2,775 1,400 1,380
20 to 24 years 78,640 39,855 38,785 2,335 1,210 1,120
25 to 29 years 100,140 49,745 50,390 2,205 1,085 1,125
30 to 34 years 109,445 54,705 54,740 2,615 1,270 1,350
35 to 39 years 100,400 49,855 50,540 2,700 1,305 1,395
40 to 44 years 93,405 46,790 46,615 2,880 1,375 1,505
45 to 49 years 87,810 44,415 43,400 3,170 1,440 1,730
50 to 54 years 86,890 43,590 43,295 4,150 1,935 2,215
55 to 59 years 82,265 41,220 41,045 4,540 2,080 2,460
60 to 64 years 65,120 32,675 32,440 4,715 2,095 2,615
65 years and over 138,405 63,120 75,285 14,760 6,925 7,835
65 to 69 years 48,920 23,915 25,005 4,800 2,280 2,520
70 to 74 years 31,590 15,040 16,550 3,670 1,775 1,900
75 to 79 years 22,715 10,220 12,495 2,580 1,255 1,320
80 to 84 years 17,315 7,495 9,820 1,895 910 990
85 years and over 17,860 6,455 11,410 1,825 715 1,110
85 to 89 years 11,435 4,505 6,930 1,115 485 635
90 to 94 years 4,925 1,595 3,335 555 185 370
95 to 99 years 1,335 335 1,000 135 40 95
100 years and over 160 15 145 10 5 10
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 18.3 18.8 17.8 13.5 14.5 12.6
15 to 64 years 70.5 70.9 70.1 59.2 58.7 59.8
65 years and over 11.2 10.2 12.1 27.3 26.8 27.7
85 years and over 1.4 1.0 1.8 3.4 2.8 3.9
Average age of the population 37.6 37.0 38.2 47.3 46.3 48.2
Median age of the population 36.7 36.2 37.1 51.5 50.3 52.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% dataCensus data footnote 5 466,725 ... ... 24,440 ... ...
Single-detached house 262,950 ... ... 15,905 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys 32,885 ... ... 45 ... ...
Other attached dwellingCensus data footnote 6 168,855 ... ... 7,550 ... ...
Semi-detached house 29,270 ... ... 2,440 ... ...
Row house 44,675 ... ... 1,455 ... ...
Apartment or flat in a duplex 21,865 ... ... 540 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys 72,850 ... ... 3,095 ... ...
Other single-attached house 200 ... ... 20 ... ...
Movable dwellingCensus data footnote 7 2,030 ... ... 940 ... ...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% dataCensus data footnote 8 466,725 ... ... 24,435 ... ...
1 person 114,185 ... ... 7,465 ... ...
2 persons 150,820 ... ... 10,390 ... ...
3 persons 78,495 ... ... 3,085 ... ...
4 persons 75,330 ... ... 2,345 ... ...
5 or more persons 47,890 ... ... 1,145 ... ...
Number of persons in private households 1,222,325 ... ... 53,125 ... ...
Average household size 2.6 ... ... 2.2 ... ...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% dataCensus data footnote 9 1,012,245 501,720 510,520 46,850 22,115 24,730
Married or living common law 596,630 299,175 297,455 28,310 14,075 14,235
Married 506,625 254,030 252,600 23,255 11,580 11,685
Living common law 90,005 45,145 44,860 5,050 2,500 2,550
Not married and not living common law 415,610 202,545 213,065 18,535 8,040 10,500
Never married 293,200 160,610 132,585 9,800 5,260 4,540
Separated 22,285 9,740 12,545 1,485 610 870
Divorced 62,270 24,270 38,000 3,975 1,450 2,525
Widowed 37,860 7,920 29,935 3,285 715 2,570
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% dataCensus data footnote 10 337,125 ... ... 16,260 ... ...
2 persons 155,535 ... ... 10,475 ... ...
3 persons 75,950 ... ... 2,840 ... ...
4 persons 74,800 ... ... 2,150 ... ...
5 or more persons 30,835 ... ... 805 ... ...
Average size of census families 3.0 ... ... 2.6 ... ...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 11 337,125 ... ... 16,265 ... ...
Total couple families 289,540 ... ... 13,880 ... ...
Married couples 244,545 ... ... 11,355 ... ...
Common-law couples 44,990 ... ... 2,525 ... ...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent 47,580 ... ... 2,380 ... ...
Female parent 37,090 ... ... 1,875 ... ...
Male parent 10,500 ... ... 505 ... ...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data 289,540 ... ... 13,885 ... ...
Couples without children 126,120 ... ... 8,950 ... ...
Couples with children 163,420 ... ... 4,930 ... ...
1 child 62,440 ... ... 2,165 ... ...
2 children 71,345 ... ... 2,000 ... ...
3 or more children 29,630 ... ... 765 ... ...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data 47,585 ... ... 2,380 ... ...
1 child 29,415 ... ... 1,525 ... ...
2 children 13,510 ... ... 675 ... ...
3 or more children 4,660 ... ... 185 ... ...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data 219,585 112,510 107,075 10,820 4,780 6,035
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% dataCensus data footnote 12 466,725 ... ... 24,440 ... ...
One-census-family households 310,260 ... ... 15,725 ... ...
Without children in a census familyCensus data footnote 13 115,180 ... ... 8,685 ... ...
With children in a census familyCensus data footnote 14 195,090 ... ... 7,035 ... ...
Multiple-census-family households 12,935 ... ... 265 ... ...
Non-census-family households 143,525 ... ... 8,445 ... ...
One-person households 114,190 ... ... 7,470 ... ...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households 29,335 ... ... 975 ... ...
Knowledge of official languagesThe letter C inside a yellow triangle - correctionUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 15 1,227,995 612,735 615,255 53,635 25,675 27,960
English only 1,108,175 558,845 549,330 48,275 23,230 25,040
French only 1,170 510 660 45 20 30
English and French 89,400 41,380 48,015 5,160 2,360 2,795
Neither English nor French 29,245 11,995 17,250 155 60 90
First official language spokenThe letter C inside a yellow triangle - correctionUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 16 1,227,990 612,735 615,260 53,635 25,675 27,960
English 1,172,990 587,775 585,215 52,120 24,920 27,200
French 18,965 9,605 9,365 1,305 665 640
English and French 7,405 3,665 3,740 70 35 35
Neither English nor French 28,630 11,690 16,945 145 60 85
Official language minority (number)Census data footnote 17 22,670 11,440 11,230 1,340 680 660
Official language minority (percentage)Census data footnote 17 1.8 1.9 1.8 2.5 2.6 2.4
Mother tongueThe letter C inside a yellow triangle - correctionUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 18 1,227,990 612,735 615,260 53,635 25,675 27,960
Single responses 1,189,870 594,175 595,695 53,200 25,490 27,710
Official languages 824,965 418,045 406,920 49,570 23,885 25,680
English 806,815 408,850 397,965 48,195 23,200 24,995
French 18,150 9,195 8,955 1,370 685 685
Non-official languages 364,905 176,130 188,775 3,630 1,595 2,030
Aboriginal languages 690 255 440 25 5 15
Algonquian languages 485 185 300 10 0 5
Blackfoot 225 85 135 0 0 0
Cree-Montagnais languages 190 80 115 5 5 0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0 0 0
Montagnais (Innu) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Moose Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0 0 0
Northern East Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0
Plains Cree 50 20 30 5 0 0
Southern East Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0
Swampy Cree 10 0 5 0 0 0
Woods Cree 10 0 5 0 0 0
Cree, n.o.s. 125 55 70 5 0 0
Eastern Algonquian languages 10 5 0 0 0 0
Malecite 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mi'kmaq 10 5 0 0 0 0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 60 15 45 0 5 0
Algonquin 0 5 0 0 0 0
Ojibway 55 10 45 5 0 0
Oji-Cree 5 0 0 0 0 0
Ottawa (Odawa) 5 0 0 0 0 0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages 55 20 30 0 0 5
Northern Athabaskan languages 50 20 35 0 0 5
Babine (Wetsuwet'en) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Beaver 0 0 0 0 0 0
Carrier 0 5 0 0 0 0
Chilcotin 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dene 15 10 10 0 0 0
Dogrib (Tlicho) 0 0 5 0 0 0
Gwich'in 5 0 0 0 0 0
Sarsi (Sarcee) 20 5 10 0 0 0
Sekani 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slavey-Hare languages 5 0 5 0 0 0
North Slavey (Hare) 0 0 0 0 0 0
South Slavey 0 0 5 0 0 0
Slavey, n.o.s. 5 0 0 0 0 0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone languages 5 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Tutchone 5 0 0 0 0 0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haida 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuit languages 20 10 10 0 0 0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuktitut 5 0 0 0 5 0
Inuit languages, n.i.e. 5 0 10 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages 5 0 5 0 0 0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mohawk 5 0 0 0 0 0
Oneida 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kutenai 5 0 0 0 0 0
Michif 10 5 5 0 0 0
Salish languages 5 0 0 5 5 0
Comox 0 0 0 5 0 0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0 0 0
Okanagan 5 0 0 0 0 0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Squamish 0 0 0 0 0 0
Straits 0 0 0 0 0 0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 5 5 0
Siouan languages 95 25 65 0 0 0
Dakota 20 10 15 0 0 0
Stoney 70 20 50 0 0 0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wakashan languages 0 0 5 5 0 5
Haisla 0 0 0 0 0 0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala) 0 0 0 5 0 5
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0 0 5
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s. 20 10 10 0 0 0
Non-Aboriginal languages 364,210 175,875 188,335 3,605 1,590 2,015
Afro-Asiatic languages 28,975 15,200 13,775 25 10 15
Berber languages 135 75 60 0 0 0
Kabyle 60 30 30 0 0 0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 70 45 30 0 0 0
Cushitic languages 2,460 1,225 1,240 0 0 0
Bilen 50 25 20 0 0 0
Oromo 940 485 460 0 0 0
Somali 1,460 705 755 0 0 0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0 0 0
Semitic languages 26,340 13,875 12,465 25 10 10
Amharic 4,050 1,955 2,090 5 5 5
Arabic 18,390 9,875 8,510 15 5 10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 280 150 130 0 0 0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 80 40 40 0 0 0
Harari 70 40 30 0 0 0
Hebrew 480 240 240 5 5 0
Maltese 30 15 20 0 0 0
Tigrigna 2,750 1,460 1,290 0 0 0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 210 100 110 0 0 0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. 45 30 15 0 0 0
Austro-Asiatic languages 13,400 6,260 7,140 160 80 75
Khmer (Cambodian) 840 400 435 0 0 0
Vietnamese 12,550 5,855 6,695 160 80 80
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 10 0 5 0 0 0
Austronesian languages 46,440 20,160 26,280 225 60 165
Bikol 190 80 105 0 0 0
Cebuano 1,930 825 1,105 30 5 25
Fijian 40 20 15 0 0 0
Hiligaynon 665 260 400 5 0 5
Ilocano 2,545 1,110 1,435 5 0 5
Malagasy 25 10 15 0 0 0
Malay 765 330 430 5 0 0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 260 130 130 5 5 0
Pangasinan 125 50 75 0 0 0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 39,285 17,065 22,215 165 50 120
Waray-Waray 140 70 75 0 0 0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 470 195 275 0 0 5
Creole languages 605 305 300 5 0 5
Haitian Creole 15 10 5 0 0 0
Creole, n.o.s. 410 205 210 5 0 0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 180 95 85 5 0 0
Dravidian languages 5,145 2,675 2,470 10 5 5
Kannada 285 140 145 0 0 0
Malayalam 2,085 1,075 1,015 0 5 0
Tamil 1,815 960 855 10 5 5
Telugu 930 495 435 0 0 0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 25 10 15 0 0 0
Hmong-Mien languages 90 45 45 0 0 0
Indo-European languages 175,540 86,895 88,640 2,335 1,065 1,265
Albanian 1,325 700 625 5 5 0
Armenian 245 125 120 5 5 0
Balto-Slavic languages 29,595 13,845 15,750 385 160 230
Baltic languages 495 230 265 5 5 0
Latvian 170 75 90 5 5 0
Lithuanian 325 155 170 5 0 0
Slavic languages 29,105 13,615 15,485 375 155 225
Belarusan 20 10 10 5 0 0
Bosnian 780 390 395 5 0 5
Bulgarian 925 475 450 10 5 0
Croatian 1,890 930 960 20 5 15
Czech 1,360 640 725 50 25 25
Macedonian 150 75 75 5 0 0
Polish 7,680 3,610 4,065 95 45 50
Russian 9,255 4,185 5,070 55 15 35
Serbian 1,815 910 905 5 5 0
Serbo-Croatian 515 245 265 5 5 5
Slovak 1,075 520 555 15 5 5
Slovene (Slovenian) 235 105 135 5 0 5
Ukrainian 3,345 1,485 1,860 100 35 70
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 50 30 25 0 0 5
Celtic languages 115 60 60 10 5 5
Scottish Gaelic 50 20 25 5 0 0
Welsh 55 30 25 5 5 0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 15 10 10 0 0 0
Germanic languages 15,660 7,500 8,155 1,355 600 755
Afrikaans 800 395 405 55 25 30
Danish 750 385 370 85 40 40
Dutch 3,435 1,720 1,720 310 145 165
Frisian 30 15 15 5 5 0
German 9,895 4,655 5,245 830 355 475
Icelandic 60 35 30 5 0 0
Norwegian 225 90 130 25 20 10
Swedish 275 125 155 40 10 30
Vlaams (Flemish) 90 45 50 5 0 5
Yiddish 80 40 45 5 5 0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 5 10 0 0 0 0
Greek 1,470 735 735 20 15 5
Indo-Iranian languages 87,130 44,155 42,975 190 110 80
Indo-Aryan languages 74,315 37,490 36,825 160 95 65
Bengali 4,070 2,080 1,985 0 0 0
Gujarati 5,390 2,715 2,675 20 10 10
Hindi 7,050 3,595 3,455 35 20 10
Kashmiri 80 45 40 5 0 0
Konkani 165 85 85 0 0 0
Marathi 845 435 410 5 5 0
Nepali 1,925 1,010 915 5 0 5
Oriya (Odia) 100 50 45 0 0 0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 35,780 18,020 17,760 80 50 30
Sindhi 1,675 785 890 5 5 5
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 925 450 470 5 5 0
Urdu 16,320 8,220 8,095 10 5 5
Iranian languages 11,875 6,170 5,705 30 20 15
Kurdish 740 395 345 5 0 0
Pashto 1,610 825 785 0 0 0
Persian (Farsi) 9,525 4,955 4,570 25 15 15
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 935 490 445 5 5 0
Italic (Romance) languages 39,990 19,765 20,225 355 165 190
Catalan 45 15 30 0 0 0
Italian 5,000 2,550 2,455 95 50 45
Portuguese 3,360 1,600 1,760 55 25 30
Romanian 4,495 2,285 2,210 15 10 10
Spanish 27,075 13,310 13,765 190 75 110
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0 0 0
Japanese 2,310 815 1,495 100 30 70
Kartvelian languages 130 70 55 0 0 0
Georgian 125 70 55 0 0 0
Korean 8,880 4,110 4,770 150 70 85
Mongolic languages 450 210 240 5 0 0
Mongolian 450 210 240 5 0 0
Niger-Congo languages 5,580 2,865 2,720 25 15 10
Akan (Twi) 640 335 305 0 0 0
Bamanankan 10 5 5 0 0 0
Edo 100 65 40 0 0 0
Ewe 60 35 25 0 0 0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 80 45 35 0 0 0
Ga 55 30 25 5 5 0
Ganda 40 20 20 0 0 0
Igbo 680 365 320 5 5 0
Lingala 85 35 45 0 0 0
Rundi (Kirundi) 140 70 75 0 0 0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 115 60 60 0 0 0
Shona 290 145 145 5 0 0
Swahili 760 370 390 0 5 5
Wolof 120 65 55 0 0 0
Yoruba 1,375 720 650 10 5 5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 1,040 515 525 5 0 0
Nilo-Saharan languages 1,495 735 755 0 0 0
Dinka 720 360 360 0 0 0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 770 375 395 0 0 0
Sign languages 235 130 105 15 5 10
American Sign Language 85 45 45 5 5 0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sign languages, n.i.e 150 90 60 5 5 5
Sino-Tibetan languages 68,130 32,075 36,060 380 165 215
Chinese languages 66,895 31,460 35,430 375 160 215
Cantonese 33,700 15,840 17,865 195 80 115
Hakka 340 155 190 5 5 5
Mandarin 28,355 13,370 14,985 135 60 80
Min Dong 45 20 25 0 0 0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 1,675 745 925 15 5 5
Wu (Shanghainese) 370 170 195 0 0 0
Chinese, n.o.s. 2,400 1,155 1,245 20 15 10
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 10 5 10 0 0 0
Tibeto-Burman languages 1,240 610 620 0 0 0
Burmese 260 135 130 0 0 0
Karenic languages 280 130 150 0 0 0
Tibetan 545 280 270 0 0 0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 145 65 80 0 0 0
Tai-Kadai languages 1,005 365 640 35 10 20
Lao 430 200 235 5 0 5
Thai 565 165 400 30 10 20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e 5 5 5 0 0 0
Turkic languages 1,725 945 775 15 5 5
Azerbaijani 240 135 105 0 0 5
Turkish 1,210 685 525 10 10 5
Uyghur 60 25 30 0 0 0
Uzbek 70 35 40 0 0 0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 140 60 75 0 0 0
Uralic languages 3,760 1,810 1,950 120 55 70
Estonian 85 45 45 10 5 5
Finnish 280 105 170 65 25 40
Hungarian 3,395 1,655 1,735 50 25 20
Uralic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Other languages, n.i.e. 320 195 130 5 0 0
Multiple responses 38,125 18,560 19,560 440 190 250
English and French 3,195 1,530 1,670 160 70 90
English and non-official language 33,170 16,195 16,975 265 115 150
French and non-official language 1,005 510 490 15 5 5
English, French and non-official language 750 320 430 5 0 5
Language spoken most often at homeThe letter C inside a yellow triangle - correctionUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 19 1,227,990 612,735 615,255 53,635 25,680 27,960
Single responses 1,145,000 572,180 572,820 53,050 25,435 27,615
Official languages 932,600 468,485 464,115 52,030 24,965 27,065
English 924,945 464,585 460,360 51,580 24,740 26,840
French 7,650 3,905 3,750 450 225 225
Non-official languages 212,405 103,695 108,710 1,020 470 550
Aboriginal languages 185 90 95 0 0 0
Algonquian languages 125 65 60 0 0 0
Blackfoot 60 30 30 0 0 0
Cree-Montagnais languages 60 30 25 0 0 0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0 0 0
Montagnais (Innu) 5 0 0 0 0 0
Moose Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0 0 0
Northern East Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0
Plains Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0
Southern East Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0
Swampy Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0
Woods Cree 5 0 5 0 0 0
Cree, n.o.s. 55 30 25 0 0 0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0
Malecite 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 5 0 5 0 0 0
Algonquin 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ojibway 5 0 5 0 0 0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ottawa (Odawa) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages 15 5 10 0 0 0
Northern Athabaskan languages 15 5 10 0 0 0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Beaver 0 0 0 0 0 0
Carrier 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chilcotin 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dene 5 0 5 0 0 0
Dogrib (Tlicho) 5 0 0 0 0 0
Gwich'in 5 5 0 0 0 0
Sarsi (Sarcee) 5 5 5 0 0 0
Sekani 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0 0 0
North Slavey (Hare) 0 0 0 0 0 0
South Slavey 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haida 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuit languages 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuktitut 0 0 5 0 0 0
Inuit languages, n.i.e. 5 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oneida 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kutenai 0 0 5 0 0 0
Michif 5 5 5 0 0 0
Salish languages 0 0 0 5 0 0
Comox 0 0 0 0 0 0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0 0 0
Okanagan 0 0 0 0 0 0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Squamish 0 0 0 0 0 0
Straits 0 0 0 0 0 0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 5 0 0
Siouan languages 25 10 15 0 0 0
Dakota 15 0 5 0 0 0
Stoney 15 10 5 0 0 0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haisla 0 0 0 0 0 0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s. 10 5 5 0 0 0
Non-Aboriginal languages 212,220 103,610 108,615 1,020 470 550
Afro-Asiatic languages 17,955 9,170 8,785 10 5 10
Berber languages 60 35 25 0 0 0
Kabyle 25 15 10 0 0 0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 30 20 15 0 0 0
Cushitic languages 1,640 800 845 0 0 0
Bilen 50 25 25 0 0 0
Oromo 705 345 350 0 0 0
Somali 890 425 465 0 0 0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 5 0 5 0 0 0
Semitic languages 16,240 8,325 7,910 15 5 10
Amharic 2,705 1,295 1,405 5 5 5
Arabic 10,795 5,585 5,200 5 0 5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 195 95 95 0 0 0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 70 35 30 0 0 0
Harari 45 25 25 0 0 0
Hebrew 240 120 120 0 0 0
Maltese 5 0 5 0 0 0
Tigrigna 2,045 1,085 955 0 0 0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 145 70 75 0 0 0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. 15 10 5 0 0 0
Austro-Asiatic languages 8,780 4,135 4,645 120 60 65
Khmer (Cambodian) 430 210 215 0 0 0
Vietnamese 8,350 3,920 4,425 120 60 60
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 5 0 0 0
Austronesian languages 24,830 11,580 13,255 75 25 55
Bikol 30 15 20 0 0 0
Cebuano 820 385 430 10 5 5
Fijian 15 10 5 0 0 0
Hiligaynon 205 90 110 0 0 5
Ilocano 1,020 475 545 0 0 0
Malagasy 15 5 10 0 0 0
Malay 230 125 105 5 0 0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 65 30 35 0 0 0
Pangasinan 20 5 10 0 0 0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 22,235 10,355 11,880 70 25 45
Waray-Waray 50 25 25 0 0 0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 145 60 85 0 0 0
Creole languages 280 145 140 5 0 0
Haitian Creole 5 0 0 0 0 0
Creole, n.o.s. 210 110 110 0 0 0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 65 35 30 5 0 5
Dravidian languages 3,120 1,590 1,535 0 0 0
Kannada 115 60 55 0 0 0
Malayalam 1,280 650 630 0 0 0
Tamil 1,160 585 570 0 0 0
Telugu 550 285 265 0 0 0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 20 10 10 0 0 0
Hmong-Mien languages 55 25 30 0 0 0
Indo-European languages 97,370 48,430 48,940 385 180 205
Albanian 610 330 285 0 0 0
Armenian 105 50 55 5 0 0
Balto-Slavic languages 13,305 6,505 6,800 65 30 35
Baltic languages 230 120 110 0 0 0
Latvian 75 45 35 0 0 0
Lithuanian 150 80 70 0 0 0
Slavic languages 13,075 6,385 6,695 65 30 30
Belarusan 5 0 0 0 0 0
Bosnian 350 175 175 0 0 0
Bulgarian 470 240 230 10 10 0
Croatian 675 335 345 5 0 0
Czech 395 190 200 20 5 10
Macedonian 80 35 40 0 0 0
Polish 3,130 1,515 1,615 15 10 5
Russian 5,645 2,730 2,915 15 5 10
Serbian 930 455 470 0 0 0
Serbo-Croatian 175 90 90 0 0 0
Slovak 420 205 210 0 5 0
Slovene (Slovenian) 35 15 25 0 0 0
Ukrainian 760 385 370 5 5 0
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 5 5 5 0 0 0
Celtic languages 15 10 5 0 0 0
Scottish Gaelic 5 5 0 0 0 0
Welsh 5 0 5 5 0 5
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0 0 0
Germanic languages 2,050 965 1,090 150 70 80
Afrikaans 405 195 215 35 20 15
Danish 60 25 30 0 5 5
Dutch 395 195 200 20 10 10
Frisian 5 0 0 0 0 0
German 1,075 505 580 90 40 45
Icelandic 15 10 5 0 0 0
Norwegian 25 10 15 0 0 0
Swedish 50 20 25 5 0 5
Vlaams (Flemish) 10 5 5 0 0 0
Yiddish 10 5 5 0 0 0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 5 0 0 0 0 0
Greek 475 225 255 0 0 0
Indo-Iranian languages 58,850 29,535 29,315 85 50 40
Indo-Aryan languages 50,505 25,335 25,170 75 45 30
Bengali 2,715 1,360 1,355 0 0 0
Gujarati 3,055 1,530 1,525 10 5 5
Hindi 3,980 2,050 1,930 10 10 5
Kashmiri 45 25 25 0 0 0
Konkani 35 15 15 0 0 0
Marathi 445 225 215 0 0 0
Nepali 1,330 685 645 0 0 0
Oriya (Odia) 50 25 20 0 0 0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 26,985 13,525 13,460 40 20 20
Sindhi 720 320 405 5 5 0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 470 235 240 0 0 0
Urdu 10,685 5,345 5,345 5 5 5
Iranian languages 7,855 3,950 3,905 10 0 10
Kurdish 450 230 220 5 0 0
Pashto 1,030 520 505 0 0 0
Persian (Farsi) 6,375 3,195 3,175 10 5 5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 490 250 240 0 0 0
Italic (Romance) languages 21,950 10,805 11,145 80 35 45
Catalan 20 10 15 0 0 0
Italian 1,215 535 680 10 0 10
Portuguese 1,645 790 855 10 5 10
Romanian 2,330 1,195 1,135 5 0 0
Spanish 16,740 8,270 8,470 55 20 35
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Japanese 1,070 470 600 35 10 20
Kartvelian languages 80 45 35 0 0 0
Georgian 80 45 35 0 0 0
Korean 6,340 3,015 3,325 130 65 65
Mongolic languages 280 130 145 5 5 0
Mongolian 280 130 145 0 0 0
Niger-Congo languages 1,745 840 905 5 5 5
Akan (Twi) 300 155 145 0 0 0
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0 0 0
Edo 25 10 15 0 0 0
Ewe 15 5 5 0 0 0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 45 20 20 0 0 0
Ga 15 10 5 0 0 0
Ganda 0 0 0 0 0 0
Igbo 130 65 70 5 0 0
Lingala 25 5 20 0 0 0
Rundi (Kirundi) 65 30 30 0 0 0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 25 10 15 0 0 0
Shona 95 40 55 0 0 0
Swahili 340 150 185 0 0 0
Wolof 65 35 30 0 0 0
Yoruba 330 160 170 5 5 5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 265 130 140 0 0 0
Nilo-Saharan languages 900 435 465 0 0 0
Dinka 440 215 225 0 0 0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 460 220 240 0 0 0
Sign languages 315 180 135 15 5 5
American Sign Language 80 40 40 5 0 0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sign languages, n.i.e 235 140 95 10 5 5
Sino-Tibetan languages 46,320 22,040 24,280 210 90 115
Chinese languages 45,440 21,595 23,845 210 90 115
Cantonese 22,030 10,280 11,750 100 45 55
Hakka 100 35 65 0 0 0
Mandarin 20,880 10,115 10,765 100 40 60
Min Dong 5 5 5 0 0 0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 670 295 380 0 5 0
Wu (Shanghainese) 210 105 100 0 0 0
Chinese, n.o.s. 1,550 770 785 10 5 5
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0 0 0
Tibeto-Burman languages 875 440 440 0 0 0
Burmese 175 85 85 0 0 0
Karenic languages 235 105 125 0 0 0
Tibetan 400 210 190 0 0 0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 75 35 35 0 0 0
Tai-Kadai languages 380 170 215 5 5 5
Lao 175 80 95 0 5 0
Thai 195 85 115 5 0 0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e 5 5 5 0 0 0
Turkic languages 975 515 465 5 0 5
Azerbaijani 105 55 45 0 0 0
Turkish 730 390 345 5 0 5
Uyghur 40 20 25 0 0 0
Uzbek 55 25 30 0 0 0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 45 25 25 0 0 0
Uralic languages 1,300 635 660 15 5 5
Estonian 15 5 10 5 0 0
Finnish 35 20 15 15 5 10
Hungarian 1,245 610 635 0 0 0
Uralic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Other languages, n.i.e. 115 70 45 0 0 0
Multiple responses 82,990 40,555 42,435 585 240 340
English and French 2,155 1,080 1,075 100 45 55
English and non-official language 79,255 38,725 40,530 470 190 285
French and non-official language 365 180 190 5 5 0
English, French and non-official language 1,210 570 645 10 5 5
Other language spoken regularly at homeThe letter C inside a yellow triangle - correctionUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 20 1,227,990 612,735 615,260 53,635 25,675 27,960
None 1,014,475 509,200 505,275 50,655 24,345 26,310
English 92,865 46,230 46,640 660 315 345
French 11,900 5,445 6,460 880 385 490
Non-official language 104,880 49,940 54,940 1,395 610 785
Aboriginal 605 235 370 20 5 15
Non-Aboriginal 104,275 49,700 54,570 1,370 600 775
English and French 645 325 320 0 0 5
English and non-official language 2,065 1,050 1,015 10 5 10
French and non-official language 1,135 540 600 30 15 20
English, French and non-official language 35 15 15 5 5 0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 21 996,060 494,565 501,495 45,830 21,720 24,105
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data 945,615 469,550 476,070 44,470 21,100 23,370
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($) 43,333 52,567 35,523 32,732 41,978 26,507
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data 945,805 469,600 476,200 44,540 21,135 23,410
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($) 38,526 45,397 32,360 29,441 36,976 24,578
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data 884,260 449,220 435,035 40,595 19,630 20,970
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($) 43,209 52,402 34,920 27,849 36,080 21,471
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data 544,200 215,790 328,410 33,555 14,650 18,905
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($) 2,946 1,859 3,371 9,074 10,608 8,286
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data 770,235 400,100 370,135 31,095 15,700 15,400
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($) 43,651 52,203 36,026 23,483 28,275 20,235
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 22 996,120 494,600 501,525 45,840 21,750 24,095
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data 946,230 469,750 476,475 44,600 21,205 23,395
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($) 67,741 85,451 50,281 41,668 50,581 33,591
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data 946,390 469,800 476,590 44,685 21,230 23,455
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($) 53,891 66,207 41,751 35,620 42,406 29,478
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data 884,545 449,360 435,190 40,760 19,760 21,005
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($) 68,494 86,269 50,141 38,031 47,007 29,589
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data 544,120 215,640 328,475 33,665 14,815 18,850
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($) 6,455 6,376 6,506 9,158 9,710 8,724
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data 770,370 400,145 370,220 31,085 15,700 15,385
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($) 64,566 79,599 48,317 34,126 40,152 27,976
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 23 996,115 494,600 501,520 45,840 21,745 24,095
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 24 361,435 205,885 155,550 10,215 5,560 4,655
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)Census data footnote 25 65,915 73,266 57,818 48,463 56,495 42,598
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)Census data footnote 26 89,570 103,761 70,786 54,855 61,028 47,477
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% dataCensus data footnote 27 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%)Census data footnote 28 94.6 96.6 91.2 83.6 86.9 78.8
Employment income (%)Census data footnote 29 77.3 79.2 74.1 57.2 59.8 53.5
Government transfers (%)Census data footnote 30 5.4 3.4 8.8 16.4 13.0 21.2
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 31 996,060 494,560 501,495 45,825 21,720 24,110
Without total income 50,440 25,010 25,425 1,355 615 740
With total income 945,615 469,550 476,070 44,470 21,105 23,370
Percentage with total income 94.9 94.9 94.9 97.0 97.2 96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss) 123,490 48,715 74,780 5,525 2,115 3,410
$10,000 to $19,999 118,360 47,940 70,420 8,195 2,835 5,360
$20,000 to $29,999 107,775 43,800 63,980 6,880 2,615 4,265
$30,000 to $39,999 92,335 41,430 50,905 5,890 2,515 3,380
$40,000 to $49,999 88,770 42,425 46,340 4,760 2,395 2,360
$50,000 to $59,999 76,030 38,275 37,750 3,565 2,050 1,520
$60,000 to $69,999 62,505 33,360 29,145 2,780 1,810 970
$70,000 to $79,999 50,165 28,230 21,930 2,035 1,320 720
$80,000 to $89,999 40,150 23,135 17,015 1,415 915 505
$90,000 to $99,999 34,095 19,475 14,620 925 625 305
$100,000 and over 151,945 102,765 49,180 2,495 1,910 585
$100,000 to $149,999 83,680 52,265 31,415 1,750 1,330 425
$150,000 and over 68,265 50,500 17,770 740 585 160
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 32 996,060 494,565 501,495 45,825 21,720 24,110
Without after-tax income 50,250 24,960 25,290 1,290 590 700
With after-tax income 945,805 469,600 476,200 44,540 21,135 23,405
Percentage with after-tax income 95.0 95.0 95.0 97.2 97.3 97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss) 126,445 49,655 76,795 5,940 2,255 3,690
$10,000 to $19,999 123,495 50,260 73,235 8,605 3,070 5,535
$20,000 to $29,999 124,575 51,395 73,180 8,125 3,190 4,940
$30,000 to $39,999 115,600 53,865 61,730 6,585 2,980 3,605
$40,000 to $49,999 107,305 53,480 53,820 5,040 2,750 2,295
$50,000 to $59,999 83,880 44,665 39,215 3,595 2,285 1,305
$60,000 to $69,999 62,925 35,635 27,290 2,450 1,590 860
$70,000 to $79,999 47,940 27,740 20,200 1,505 1,015 490
$80,000 and over 153,640 102,905 50,740 2,690 2,005 680
$80,000 to $89,999 36,175 21,090 15,085 920 655 270
$90,000 to $99,999 24,895 15,460 9,435 580 440 140
$100,000 and over 92,575 66,355 26,220 1,180 910 270
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 33 996,060 494,560 501,495 45,830 21,720 24,110
Without employment income 225,825 94,465 131,365 14,730 6,020 8,710
With employment income 770,235 400,100 370,135 31,100 15,700 15,400
Percentage with employment income 77.3 80.9 73.8 67.9 72.3 63.9
Under $5,000 (including loss) 80,405 36,480 43,935 7,465 3,830 3,635
$5,000 to $9,999 49,695 21,210 28,490 2,530 995 1,535
$10,000 to $19,999 84,830 36,960 47,870 4,245 1,770 2,470
$20,000 to $29,999 73,285 31,745 41,545 3,610 1,470 2,135
$30,000 to $39,999 70,585 32,870 37,715 2,955 1,245 1,710
$40,000 to $49,999 69,295 33,670 35,620 2,350 1,090 1,260
$50,000 to $59,999 60,915 30,840 30,075 1,975 1,095 875
$60,000 to $69,999 50,390 27,590 22,795 1,595 1,050 550
$70,000 to $79,999 41,340 23,475 17,870 1,280 810 465
$80,000 and over 189,485 125,275 64,215 3,105 2,345 760
$80,000 to $89,999 33,865 19,910 13,955 910 610 305
$90,000 to $99,999 29,740 17,070 12,665 585 430 165
$100,000 and over 125,885 88,300 37,590 1,605 1,310 290
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% dataCensus data footnote 34 466,725 ... ... 24,435 ... ...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($) 97,334 ... ... 62,376 ... ...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($) 83,074 ... ... 55,358 ... ...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data 114,185 ... ... 7,470 ... ...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($) 52,342 ... ... 33,703 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($) 44,659 ... ... 30,315 ... ...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data 352,535 ... ... 16,970 ... ...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($) 115,403 ... ... 78,167 ... ...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($) 98,205 ... ... 69,013 ... ...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 35 466,740 ... ... 24,440 ... ...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($) 137,333 ... ... 76,050 ... ...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($) 109,274 ... ... 65,135 ... ...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data 114,230 ... ... 7,480 ... ...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($) 71,392 ... ... 42,561 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($) 56,974 ... ... 36,584 ... ...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data 352,510 ... ... 16,955 ... ...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($) 158,700 ... ... 90,827 ... ...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($) 126,221 ... ... 77,732 ... ...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 36 466,725 ... ... 24,440 ... ...
Under $5,000 7,100 ... ... 290 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 4,365 ... ... 280 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 5,260 ... ... 775 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 9,365 ... ... 1,065 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 13,750 ... ... 1,170 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 10,680 ... ... 1,110 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 11,875 ... ... 1,230 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 12,920 ... ... 1,315 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 13,220 ... ... 1,105 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 13,585 ... ... 1,160 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 28,325 ... ... 2,195 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 28,785 ... ... 2,080 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 27,960 ... ... 1,825 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 27,130 ... ... 1,620 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 25,690 ... ... 1,235 ... ...
$100,000 and over 226,710 ... ... 5,985 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 55,750 ... ... 2,400 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 42,560 ... ... 1,455 ... ...
$150,000 to $199,999 54,985 ... ... 1,310 ... ...
$200,000 and over 73,410 ... ... 820 ... ...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 32 466,725 ... ... 24,435 ... ...
Under $5,000 7,680 ... ... 315 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 4,435 ... ... 285 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 5,445 ... ... 790 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 9,785 ... ... 1,115 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 14,760 ... ... 1,340 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 12,320 ... ... 1,370 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 14,280 ... ... 1,485 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 15,685 ... ... 1,405 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 16,750 ... ... 1,330 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 17,600 ... ... 1,365 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 35,505 ... ... 2,590 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 35,045 ... ... 2,245 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 33,935 ... ... 1,900 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 31,940 ... ... 1,575 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 28,545 ... ... 1,220 ... ...
$100,000 and over 183,020 ... ... 4,110 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 57,420 ... ... 2,020 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 40,215 ... ... 980 ... ...
$150,000 and over 85,380 ... ... 1,105 ... ...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 37 331,360 ... ... 16,145 ... ...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($) 113,975 ... ... 78,509 ... ...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($) 96,963 ... ... 69,149 ... ...
Average family size of economic families 3.1 ... ... 2.7 ... ...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data 113,295 ... ... 8,530 ... ...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($) 106,976 ... ... 74,631 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($) 90,329 ... ... 65,933 ... ...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data 163,305 ... ... 4,990 ... ...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($) 135,376 ... ... 103,765 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($) 114,195 ... ... 90,067 ... ...
Average family size of couple economic families with children 4.1 ... ... 3.9 ... ...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data 43,290 ... ... 2,260 ... ...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($) 67,076 ... ... 44,237 ... ...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($) 60,299 ... ... 41,100 ... ...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families 2.6 ... ... 2.5 ... ...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 38 331,360 ... ... 16,100 ... ...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($) 159,323 ... ... 91,228 ... ...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($) 126,269 ... ... 77,913 ... ...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data 113,280 ... ... 8,515 ... ...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($) 154,614 ... ... 85,751 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($) 121,663 ... ... 73,172 ... ...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data 163,395 ... ... 5,025 ... ...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($) 183,534 ... ... 116,214 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($) 144,540 ... ... 98,422 ... ...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data 42,935 ... ... 2,195 ... ...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($) 88,790 ... ... 54,516 ... ...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($) 74,688 ... ... 48,417 ... ...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 21 187,270 98,085 89,180 9,965 4,450 5,520
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 39 44,339 47,217 41,240 30,458 32,411 29,226
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 39 38,945 40,894 36,765 27,648 28,934 26,877
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 40 186,880 98,015 88,865 10,015 4,390 5,625
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 41 60,494 65,469 55,006 38,918 42,655 36,004
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 41 49,024 52,251 45,465 33,689 36,203 31,728
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 42 1,222,325 610,570 611,755 53,125 25,475 27,650
In the bottom half of the distribution 453,645 221,015 232,630 28,615 13,120 15,495
In the bottom decile 90,080 44,995 45,085 5,855 2,735 3,120
In the second decile 80,640 37,540 43,105 5,845 2,535 3,315
In the third decile 87,230 41,835 45,390 5,170 2,340 2,830
In the fourth decile 93,300 45,835 47,460 5,750 2,645 3,105
In the fifth decile 102,395 50,805 51,590 5,990 2,865 3,125
In the top half of the distribution 768,680 389,560 379,125 24,510 12,355 12,155
In the sixth decile 109,200 54,675 54,525 5,740 2,770 2,965
In the seventh decile 117,280 58,930 58,350 5,540 2,825 2,715
In the eighth decile 130,300 65,880 64,420 5,265 2,650 2,610
In the ninth decile 156,320 78,930 77,390 4,455 2,275 2,180
In the top decile 255,580 131,145 124,435 3,520 1,830 1,685
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% dataCensus data footnote 43 1,222,325 610,575 611,755 52,900 25,365 27,545
0 to 17 years 267,250 137,070 130,175 8,915 4,545 4,370
0 to 5 years 93,505 47,960 45,550 2,685 1,370 1,325
18 to 64 years 827,250 413,850 413,395 30,075 14,175 15,900
65 years and over 127,825 59,645 68,180 13,910 6,640 7,275
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) 113,505 54,495 59,010 8,205 3,635 4,570
0 to 17 years 34,415 17,720 16,695 1,960 1,010 945
0 to 5 years 12,405 6,375 6,030 680 345 340
18 to 64 years 68,340 32,690 35,650 4,630 2,005 2,625
65 years and over 10,750 4,085 6,665 1,615 615 1,000
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%) 9.3 8.9 9.6 15.5 14.3 16.6
0 to 17 years (%) 12.9 12.9 12.8 22.0 22.2 21.6
0 to 5 years (%) 13.3 13.3 13.2 25.3 25.2 25.7
18 to 64 years (%) 8.3 7.9 8.6 15.4 14.1 16.5
65 years and over (%) 8.4 6.8 9.8 11.6 9.3 13.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) 106,240 52,725 53,510 4,225 2,000 2,230
0 to 17 years 28,440 14,665 13,775 960 490 470
0 to 5 years 10,190 5,245 4,945 350 180 170
18 to 64 years 71,435 35,475 35,960 2,980 1,390 1,590
65 years and over 6,365 2,590 3,780 285 120 165
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%) 8.7 8.6 8.7 8.0 7.9 8.1
0 to 17 years (%) 10.6 10.7 10.6 10.8 10.8 10.8
0 to 5 years (%) 10.9 10.9 10.9 13.0 13.1 12.8
18 to 64 years (%) 8.6 8.6 8.7 9.9 9.8 10.0
65 years and over (%) 5.0 4.3 5.5 2.0 1.8 2.3
Knowledge of languagesThe letter C inside a yellow triangle - correctionUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 44 1,222,405 610,605 611,800 53,125 25,490 27,630
Official languages 1,193,310 598,385 594,930 52,990 25,430 27,560
English 1,192,105 597,855 594,250 52,945 25,405 27,540
French 90,250 41,750 48,490 5,225 2,400 2,820
Non-official languages 460,425 223,355 237,065 5,540 2,530 3,015
Aboriginal languages 1,140 445 700 65 20 45
Algonquian languages 820 320 500 20 10 10
Blackfoot 340 115 220 0 0 0
Cree-Montagnais languages 395 170 225 15 10 10
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0 0 0
Montagnais (Innu) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Moose Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0 0 0
Northern East Cree 0 10 0 0 0 0
Plains Cree 90 35 55 0 0 0
Southern East Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0
Swampy Cree 15 0 10 0 0 10
Woods Cree 55 15 40 0 0 0
Cree, n.o.s. 235 110 115 10 10 0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0
Malecite 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 105 40 60 0 0 10
Algonquin 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ojibway 90 35 55 0 0 10
Oji-Cree 10 0 10 0 0 0
Ottawa (Odawa) 0 0 10 0 0 0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages 130 55 75 10 0 10
Northern Athabaskan languages 125 55 70 0 0 10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Beaver 0 0 0 0 0 0
Carrier 0 0 0 10 0 0
Chilcotin 10 10 10 0 0 0
Dene 20 10 10 10 0 10
Dogrib (Tlicho) 10 0 0 0 0 0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sarsi (Sarcee) 85 40 50 0 0 0
Sekani 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 10 0 0 0 0
North Slavey (Hare) 0 0 0 0 0 0
South Slavey 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 10 0 0 0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haida 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuit languages 35 15 20 0 0 0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 25 10 10 0 0 0
Inuktitut 10 10 0 0 0 0
Inuit languages, n.i.e. 10 0 10 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages 10 0 0 0 0 0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mohawk 10 10 0 0 0 0
Oneida 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kutenai 0 0 0 0 0 0
Michif 20 10 20 0 0 0
Salish languages 0 0 0 15 10 10
Comox 0 0 0 0 0 0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0 0 0
Okanagan 0 0 0 0 0 0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin) 10 0 0 0 0 0
Squamish 0 0 0 0 0 0
Straits 0 0 10 0 0 0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 15 0 10
Siouan languages 115 30 90 0 0 0
Dakota 65 25 35 0 0 0
Stoney 80 20 65 0 0 0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 10 0 0 0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsimshian languages 10 10 10 0 0 0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 15 10 10 0 0 0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wakashan languages 10 0 0 25 0 20
Haisla 0 0 0 0 0 0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala) 0 0 0 20 0 15
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s. 15 10 0 0 0 0
Non-Aboriginal languages 459,295 222,920 236,375 5,480 2,510 2,975
Afro-Asiatic languages 40,620 21,290 19,330 35 25 10
Berber languages 200 140 60 0 0 0
Kabyle 110 60 45 0 0 0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 90 80 10 0 0 0
Cushitic languages 3,580 1,825 1,760 0 0 0
Bilen 65 40 25 0 0 0
Oromo 1,370 715 655 0 0 0
Somali 2,175 1,085 1,090 0 0 0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 30 10 20 0 0 0
Semitic languages 37,460 19,700 17,760 40 25 15
Amharic 5,740 2,905 2,835 0 0 0
Arabic 27,555 14,645 12,905 30 15 15
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 300 145 155 0 0 0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 90 45 50 0 0 0
Harari 100 50 45 0 0 0
Hebrew 1,550 745 810 10 10 0
Maltese 30 20 15 0 0 0
Tigrigna 3,555 1,925 1,630 0 0 0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 245 135 110 0 0 0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. 160 90 65 0 0 0
Austro-Asiatic languages 17,275 8,245 9,035 195 100 95
Khmer (Cambodian) 1,140 620 520 0 0 0
Vietnamese 16,190 7,650 8,540 195 100 95
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Austronesian languages 58,445 25,225 33,215 230 70 160
Bikol 165 70 100 0 0 0
Cebuano 2,675 1,205 1,475 30 10 20
Fijian 120 65 50 10 10 0
Hiligaynon 920 365 560 10 0 10
Ilocano 3,640 1,580 2,065 10 0 10
Malagasy 45 15 25 0 0 0
Malay 1,440 675 765 15 0 0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 415 205 210 0 0 0
Pangasinan 205 80 120 0 0 0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 55,265 23,695 31,570 200 50 145
Waray-Waray 190 70 115 0 0 0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 555 230 320 0 0 0
Creole languages 1,665 820 845 45 30 15
Haitian Creole 35 20 15 10 0 10
Creole, n.o.s. 1,070 535 540 0 0 0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 565 270 295 30 20 10
Dravidian languages 7,040 3,690 3,355 15 10 10
Kannada 530 270 270 0 0 0
Malayalam 2,475 1,305 1,170 0 0 0
Tamil 3,165 1,655 1,505 15 10 10
Telugu 1,290 675 615 0 0 0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 70 35 35 0 0 0
Hmong-Mien languages 85 40 40 0 0 0
Indo-European languages 231,885 115,155 116,730 3,860 1,845 2,015
Albanian 1,680 885 795 0 0 0
Armenian 295 165 130 10 10 0
Balto-Slavic languages 34,560 16,785 17,780 515 250 265
Baltic languages 585 280 310 20 10 10
Latvian 230 110 115 0 10 0
Lithuanian 355 165 195 10 10 10
Slavic languages 34,195 16,615 17,580 510 250 260
Belarusan 70 30 40 0 0 0
Bosnian 1,230 655 575 0 0 0
Bulgarian 1,075 575 500 20 15 10
Croatian 2,515 1,245 1,275 15 10 10
Czech 1,620 770 855 75 45 30
Macedonian 270 145 120 0 0 0
Polish 8,920 4,255 4,660 200 95 105
Russian 13,255 6,395 6,860 100 50 50
Serbian 2,305 1,140 1,160 0 10 0
Serbo-Croatian 570 305 260 0 0 0
Slovak 1,460 800 655 15 20 0
Slovene (Slovenian) 285 130 150 10 0 10
Ukrainian 4,455 2,020 2,440 125 50 75
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 60 30 30 0 0 0
Celtic languages 440 210 235 40 20 25
Scottish Gaelic 165 75 90 25 10 10
Welsh 90 50 35 20 10 15
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 190 75 115 0 0 0
Germanic languages 24,095 11,910 12,185 1,750 850 900
Afrikaans 1,650 890 755 160 85 75
Danish 930 445 490 100 45 60
Dutch 4,235 2,085 2,150 305 145 160
Frisian 55 25 30 10 0 10
German 16,720 8,360 8,360 1,165 580 580
Icelandic 80 40 40 10 0 0
Norwegian 450 175 280 35 15 15
Swedish 600 280 320 55 15 40
Vlaams (Flemish) 110 60 50 0 0 0
Yiddish 175 95 80 0 0 0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 60 20 40 0 0 0
Greek 2,310 1,165 1,145 50 35 15
Indo-Iranian languages 108,445 55,085 53,365 280 145 135
Indo-Aryan languages 96,045 48,500 47,545 250 140 110
Bengali 4,990 2,500 2,485 10 0 0
Gujarati 8,355 4,065 4,290 20 10 15
Hindi 28,410 14,550 13,855 140 75 60
Kashmiri 60 45 20 0 0 0
Konkani 375 195 180 0 0 0
Marathi 1,545 800 740 0 0 0
Nepali 2,215 1,225 990 0 0 0
Oriya (Odia) 150 70 75 0 0 0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 47,135 23,930 23,205 155 85 70
Sindhi 2,630 1,160 1,475 0 0 0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 1,355 680 685 0 0 0
Urdu 24,965 12,745 12,225 10 0 0
Iranian languages 13,280 6,975 6,310 30 10 25
Kurdish 950 525 430 0 0 0
Pashto 2,160 1,165 995 0 0 0
Persian (Farsi) 10,520 5,530 4,995 35 10 25
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 1,135 615 525 15 10 0
Italic (Romance) languages 65,745 31,920 33,825 1,355 610 745
Catalan 70 40 30 10 0 0
Italian 8,875 4,385 4,485 200 95 95
Portuguese 4,955 2,430 2,525 100 40 55
Romanian 5,580 2,885 2,695 10 0 0
Spanish 48,685 23,475 25,205 1,125 495 630
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 70 40 30 0 0 0
Japanese 4,140 1,865 2,275 205 85 115
Kartvelian languages 125 75 50 0 0 0
Georgian 125 75 55 0 0 0
Korean 9,895 4,585 5,305 150 70 80
Mongolic languages 650 305 345 0 0 0
Mongolian 655 305 345 0 0 0
Niger-Congo languages 11,365 5,780 5,585 70 40 35
Akan (Twi) 1,045 560 485 0 0 0
Bamanankan 15 10 10 0 0 0
Edo 215 130 85 0 0 0
Ewe 70 30 35 0 0 0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 130 75 60 10 0 0
Ga 85 55 35 10 0 0
Ganda 75 30 45 0 10 0
Igbo 1,430 750 685 15 10 10
Lingala 420 225 195 0 0 0
Rundi (Kirundi) 170 95 75 0 0 0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 105 40 60 15 10 10
Shona 475 205 270 10 0 0
Swahili 2,290 1,145 1,150 10 10 0
Wolof 330 195 135 0 0 0
Yoruba 3,260 1,670 1,595 10 0 0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 2,055 995 1,060 10 0 0
Nilo-Saharan languages 1,650 760 890 0 0 0
Dinka 785 385 405 0 0 0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 875 385 490 0 0 0
Sign languages 1,495 630 870 55 10 45
American Sign Language 805 305 500 35 0 30
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 710 335 370 20 10 15
Sino-Tibetan languages 78,985 37,685 41,305 535 200 335
Chinese languages 77,495 36,955 40,540 525 195 330
Cantonese 42,445 20,090 22,355 285 95 190
Hakka 425 180 245 45 20 20
Mandarin 38,805 18,290 20,515 200 55 140
Min Dong 65 35 25 0 0 0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 2,350 990 1,360 35 0 30
Wu (Shanghainese) 570 245 320 0 0 0
Chinese, n.o.s. 3,020 1,485 1,540 45 25 20
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 10 10 10 0 0 0
Tibeto-Burman languages 1,520 730 785 15 10 10
Burmese 345 160 185 10 10 0
Karenic languages 295 145 150 0 0 0
Tibetan 805 400 395 0 0 0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 150 60 95 0 0 0
Tai-Kadai languages 1,330 550 780 45 0 35
Lao 555 255 300 10 0 0
Thai 840 320 520 45 10 35
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 10 10 0 0 0 0
Turkic languages 2,525 1,340 1,185 30 15 15
Azerbaijani 350 165 180 0 0 0
Turkish 1,650 940 710 25 15 10
Uyghur 130 65 70 0 0 0
Uzbek 250 110 135 0 0 0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 205 95 110 0 0 0
Uralic languages 4,550 2,185 2,360 135 60 70
Estonian 110 50 60 15 15 0
Finnish 300 140 160 75 20 60
Hungarian 4,135 1,995 2,135 45 35 15
Uralic languages, n.i.e. 10 10 0 0 0 0
Other languages, n.i.e. 770 435 335 10 0 10
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 45 1,222,405 610,605 611,795 53,125 25,490 27,630
Canadian citizensCensus data footnote 46 1,075,485 539,490 535,990 51,300 24,660 26,645
Canadian citizens aged under 18 242,840 124,485 118,360 8,615 4,390 4,220
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over 832,640 415,005 417,635 42,685 20,265 22,420
Not Canadian citizensCensus data footnote 47 146,925 71,120 75,805 1,820 840 985
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 48 1,222,405 610,610 611,795 53,120 25,490 27,630
Non-immigrantsCensus data footnote 49 813,490 411,785 401,705 45,750 22,125 23,625
ImmigrantsCensus data footnote 50 383,065 185,855 197,210 6,935 3,160 3,775
Before 1981 63,925 31,830 32,095 4,230 1,955 2,280
1981 to 1990 38,270 18,190 20,075 705 280 425
1991 to 2000 64,815 31,015 33,800 635 260 370
2001 to 2010 126,390 61,375 65,015 905 420 485
2001 to 2005 56,820 27,785 29,035 415 180 235
2006 to 2010 69,570 33,590 35,985 495 245 250
2011 to 2016Census data footnote 51 89,665 43,440 46,220 460 240 220
Non-permanent residentsCensus data footnote 52 25,850 12,965 12,880 435 205 225
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 53 383,065 185,855 197,210 6,935 3,160 3,770
Under 5 years 34,960 17,830 17,130 835 410 425
5 to 14 years 64,790 33,705 31,085 1,185 570 605
15 to 24 years 74,550 34,270 40,285 1,820 765 1,055
25 to 44 years 172,855 83,030 89,820 2,675 1,195 1,475
45 years and over 35,905 17,020 18,880 425 220 205
Immigrants by selected place of birthThe letter C inside a yellow triangle - correctionUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 54 383,060 185,855 197,205 6,935 3,160 3,775
Americas 41,020 19,550 21,465 1,110 480 635
Brazil 1,420 640 780 25 15 15
Colombia 5,580 2,645 2,935 15 10 10
El Salvador 2,335 1,180 1,155 10 0 10
Guyana 825 410 415 10 10 0
Haiti 490 260 235 0 10 0
Jamaica 2,835 1,280 1,550 25 15 10
Mexico 4,110 2,050 2,055 20 0 15
Peru 1,080 440 635 10 0 0
Trinidad and Tobago 1,375 655 720 15 10 15
United StatesCensus data footnote 55 10,715 4,915 5,800 890 380 520
Other places of birth in Americas 10,265 5,080 5,185 95 50 45
Europe 72,990 36,520 36,470 4,255 2,040 2,220
Bosnia and Herzegovina 1,945 990 955 0 0 0
Croatia 1,220 635 580 10 10 10
France 1,200 585 610 120 65 55
Germany 5,710 2,725 2,985 490 220 265
Greece 890 470 425 30 20 10
Hungary 1,840 925 920 40 35 10
IrelandCensus data footnote 56 1,620 850 765 65 25 40
Italy 3,625 1,950 1,675 70 30 35
Netherlands 2,890 1,540 1,355 310 135 170
Poland 6,420 3,030 3,390 120 55 70
Portugal 1,075 480 590 30 25 10
Romania 4,250 2,135 2,115 15 10 0
Russian Federation 3,875 1,685 2,195 20 0 15
SerbiaCensus data footnote 57 1,060 530 530 0 0 0
Ukraine 2,855 1,315 1,545 15 0 15
United KingdomCensus data footnote 58 22,150 11,440 10,705 2,365 1,145 1,220
Other places of birth in Europe 10,360 5,230 5,135 560 260 300
Africa 39,220 20,070 19,155 330 170 165
Algeria 745 400 340 0 0 0
Egypt 2,850 1,515 1,330 0 0 0
Ethiopia 5,195 2,565 2,625 0 0 0
Kenya 2,610 1,275 1,330 10 0 0
Morocco 660 340 315 0 10 10
Nigeria 7,385 3,830 3,560 15 10 10
Somalia 1,340 635 710 0 0 0
South Africa, Republic of 2,655 1,395 1,265 220 110 115
Other places of birth in Africa 15,790 8,115 7,675 85 40 40
Asia 226,295 107,935 118,360 1,055 395 660
Afghanistan 3,200 1,715 1,480 0 0 0
Bangladesh 3,110 1,595 1,515 0 0 10
ChinaCensus data footnote 59 34,550 15,930 18,620 165 60 105
Hong KongCensus data footnote 60 10,925 5,310 5,615 25 0 20
India 44,365 22,305 22,060 110 50 55
IranCensus data footnote 61 5,675 2,920 2,755 30 0 25
Iraq 3,545 1,895 1,650 10 0 10
Japan 1,490 435 1,055 40 10 25
Korea, SouthCensus data footnote 62 6,980 3,265 3,715 65 35 30
Lebanon 4,130 2,190 1,940 10 10 0
Pakistan 17,090 8,885 8,205 0 0 10
Philippines 51,550 22,480 29,065 200 50 145
Sri Lanka 1,965 1,010 955 15 0 15
SyriaCensus data footnote 63 2,150 1,125 1,025 0 0 0
Taiwan 2,185 925 1,255 60 15 45
Viet Nam 14,875 6,955 7,920 185 85 100
Other places of birth in Asia 18,515 9,005 9,515 140 50 90
Oceania and other places of birthCensus data footnote 64 3,535 1,775 1,755 180 85 95
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 54 89,665 43,445 46,220 460 245 215
Americas 8,735 4,390 4,340 100 55 50
Brazil 510 230 285 0 10 0
Colombia 1,250 600 650 0 0 10
Cuba 125 60 65 10 10 0
Haiti 140 95 50 0 0 0
Jamaica 425 220 210 10 0 0
Mexico 1,790 960 835 0 0 0
United StatesCensus data footnote 55 1,875 900 975 75 40 30
VenezuelaCensus data footnote 65 1,105 540 560 0 0 0
Other places of birth in Americas 1,505 785 715 0 0 0
Europe 8,680 4,445 4,235 165 105 60
France 270 155 115 15 10 10
Germany 420 195 225 25 10 10
IrelandCensus data footnote 56 575 360 210 0 10 0
MoldovaCensus data footnote 66 420 240 180 0 0 0
Romania 580 290 285 0 0 0
Russian Federation 625 215 415 0 0 0
Ukraine 795 330 470 0 0 0
United KingdomCensus data footnote 58 2,325 1,335 985 85 60 25
Other places of birth in Europe 2,670 1,325 1,350 30 20 10
Africa 11,600 5,870 5,730 0 0 0
Algeria 135 60 70 0 0 0
Cameroon 565 280 285 0 0 0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 215 95 115 0 0 0
Côte d'Ivoire 95 45 45 0 0 0
Egypt 1,095 570 525 0 0 0
Eritrea 1,040 600 435 0 0 0
Ethiopia 1,590 735 850 0 0 0
Morocco 190 70 115 0 0 0
Nigeria 3,785 1,980 1,805 0 0 0
Somalia 240 90 150 0 0 0
South Africa, Republic of 440 255 185 0 0 10
Tunisia 70 40 35 0 0 0
Other places of birth in Africa 2,150 1,050 1,100 0 0 0
Asia 59,915 28,255 31,655 180 70 110
Afghanistan 465 255 210 0 0 0
Bangladesh 750 350 400 0 0 0
ChinaCensus data footnote 59 6,205 2,800 3,405 20 0 15
Hong KongCensus data footnote 60 415 190 225 0 0 0
India 12,700 6,440 6,260 65 35 35
IranCensus data footnote 61 2,245 1,125 1,115 0 0 0
Iraq 1,220 645 570 0 0 0
Israel 220 105 110 0 0 0
Japan 330 75 255 0 0 0
Korea, SouthCensus data footnote 62 1,800 730 1,070 15 10 10
Lebanon 500 265 240 0 0 0
Nepal 1,115 590 525 0 0 0
Pakistan 4,330 2,110 2,220 0 0 0
Philippines 21,150 9,575 11,575 50 20 30
Saudi Arabia 340 170 170 0 0 0
Sri Lanka 335 155 180 0 0 10
SyriaCensus data footnote 63 1,375 700 680 0 0 0
Taiwan 325 110 220 15 0 10
Turkey 140 60 80 0 0 0
United Arab Emirates 435 225 210 0 0 0
Viet Nam 1,165 480 685 10 0 0
Other places of birth in Asia 2,345 1,095 1,255 0 0 10
Oceania and otherCensus data footnote 64 740 485 260 10 10 0
Australia 510 315 190 0 0 0
Other places of birthCensus data footnote 67 230 160 65 10 10 0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 68 1,222,405 610,610 611,795 53,120 25,490 27,630
First generationCensus data footnote 69 417,375 203,390 213,990 7,920 3,675 4,240
Second generationCensus data footnote 70 264,095 133,495 130,595 11,010 5,270 5,740
Third generation or moreCensus data footnote 71 540,940 273,725 267,215 34,195 16,550 17,645
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 72 325,375 157,195 168,190 2,830 1,265 1,565
Economic immigrantsCensus data footnote 73 184,245 92,820 91,425 1,380 615 765
Principal applicantsCensus data footnote 74 73,070 45,765 27,300 605 350 255
Secondary applicantsCensus data footnote 75 111,180 47,055 64,120 770 260 515
Immigrants sponsored by familyCensus data footnote 76 92,145 37,675 54,465 1,175 485 690
RefugeesCensus data footnote 77 46,260 25,325 20,935 260 155 105
Other immigrantsCensus data footnote 78 2,725 1,370 1,355 20 10 10
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 79 1,222,405 610,605 611,795 53,120 25,490 27,630
Aboriginal identityCensus data footnote 80 35,195 16,620 18,575 3,215 1,465 1,755
Single Aboriginal responsesCensus data footnote 81 34,335 16,205 18,135 3,125 1,430 1,695
First Nations (North American Indian)Census data footnote 82 15,505 7,090 8,405 1,820 825 1,000
Métis 18,475 8,975 9,505 1,270 595 675
Inuk (Inuit) 355 135 220 30 10 25
Multiple Aboriginal responsesCensus data footnote 83 365 210 160 50 20 30
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhereCensus data footnote 84 495 205 290 35 10 20
Non-Aboriginal identity 1,187,210 593,985 593,220 49,910 24,030 25,875
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 85 1,222,405 610,605 611,795 53,125 25,495 27,630
Registered or Treaty IndianCensus data footnote 86 12,575 5,680 6,890 1,010 450 560
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian 1,209,830 604,920 604,905 52,115 25,050 27,070
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 87 1,222,405 610,605 611,795 53,125 25,495 27,630
Aboriginal ancestry (only)Census data footnote 88 8,330 3,855 4,470 580 280 300
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)Census data footnote 89 8,080 3,720 4,365 555 270 290
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestryCensus data footnote 82 5,870 2,680 3,195 405 190 215
Métis single ancestry 2,105 990 1,110 150 80 70
Inuit single ancestry 105 45 60 0 0 0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)Census data footnote 90 250 135 110 20 10 15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries 240 140 100 0 0 0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries 0 0 10 0 0 0
Métis and Inuit ancestries 10 0 0 15 10 10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries 0 0 0 0 0 0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesCensus data footnote 91 38,060 18,155 19,910 3,450 1,625 1,825
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesCensus data footnote 92 36,535 17,440 19,085 3,335 1,570 1,765
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries 20,310 9,590 10,725 2,330 1,105 1,225
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries 15,865 7,715 8,145 975 460 520
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries 355 135 215 25 10 15
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesCensus data footnote 93 1,530 715 815 110 50 65
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries 1,455 675 780 115 55 60
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries 35 20 20 0 0 0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries 35 20 20 0 0 0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries 0 0 0 0 0 0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)Census data footnote 94 1,176,015 588,595 587,420 49,095 23,595 25,505
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 95 1,222,405 610,605 611,800 53,125 25,495 27,630
Total visible minority populationCensus data footnote 96 442,585 218,035 224,550 2,635 1,170 1,465
South AsianCensus data footnote 97 115,795 58,730 57,065 380 200 185
Chinese 87,835 42,905 44,930 720 280 440
Black 51,515 26,410 25,100 280 155 120
Filipino 67,650 30,400 37,250 310 105 205
Latin American 26,265 13,035 13,235 105 45 60
Arab 25,190 13,350 11,845 15 10 0
Southeast AsianCensus data footnote 98 21,610 10,410 11,205 270 130 140
West AsianCensus data footnote 99 12,610 6,665 5,945 35 10 20
Korean 10,635 4,970 5,665 160 70 90
Japanese 5,170 2,290 2,885 210 85 125
Visible minority, n.i.e.Census data footnote 100 4,410 2,055 2,355 75 30 45
Multiple visible minoritiesCensus data footnote 101 13,895 6,820 7,070 85 55 25
Not a visible minorityCensus data footnote 102 779,820 392,575 387,245 50,485 24,325 26,160
Ethnic origin populationThe letter C inside a yellow triangle - correctionUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 103 1,222,405 610,610 611,795 53,120 25,490 27,630
North American Aboriginal origins 46,385 22,010 24,375 4,030 1,900 2,125
First Nations (North American Indian) 27,915 13,095 14,820 2,855 1,345 1,510
Inuit 550 225 320 40 15 25
Métis 19,705 9,545 10,160 1,260 595 665
Other North American origins 249,055 126,485 122,575 14,620 7,150 7,470
Acadian 1,580 825 755 90 50 45
American 20,460 9,950 10,505 1,210 570 640
Canadian 234,190 119,170 115,025 13,815 6,785 7,030
New Brunswicker 25 20 10 0 0 0
Newfoundlander 490 285 205 25 15 15
Nova Scotian 45 35 15 0 0 0
Ontarian 45 35 15 10 0 0
Québécois 365 215 150 25 15 10
Other North American origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 104 145 90 55 25 10 20
European origins 704,040 351,610 352,430 44,935 21,430 23,500
British Isles origins 447,890 223,680 224,215 34,980 16,650 18,335
Channel Islander 135 75 65 10 10 0
Cornish 85 15 70 10 10 0
English 253,870 126,050 127,820 22,130 10,545 11,580
Irish 169,285 81,930 87,355 11,845 5,395 6,455
Manx 295 165 135 55 25 30
Scottish 204,735 101,740 103,000 16,050 7,685 8,370
Welsh 23,405 11,360 12,045 2,190 1,120 1,070
British Isles origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 105 31,570 15,505 16,065 2,360 1,105 1,255
French origins 100,425 49,575 50,850 6,810 3,095 3,720
Alsatian 40 20 20 10 10 0
Breton 20 0 15 10 0 0
Corsican 15 0 0 0 0 0
French 100,385 49,555 50,825 6,805 3,090 3,720
Western European origins (except French origins) 220,130 108,705 111,425 10,970 5,170 5,800
Austrian 12,600 6,055 6,545 610 295 315
Bavarian 20 15 10 0 0 0
Belgian 5,490 2,700 2,790 415 195 225
Dutch 45,530 22,720 22,810 2,815 1,350 1,465
Flemish 475 185 290 30 20 10
Frisian 140 70 70 0 0 0
German 169,535 83,450 86,085 7,340 3,455 3,890
Luxembourger 220 110 110 10 0 0
Swiss 6,725 3,175 3,550 460 225 235
Western European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 106 350 165 190 0 10 0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins) 80,390 38,710 41,680 5,420 2,400 3,020
Danish 15,880 7,800 8,085 1,095 525 575
Finnish 4,715 2,240 2,470 605 210 395
Icelandic 6,705 3,270 3,435 450 215 240
Norwegian 35,215 16,715 18,505 2,015 935 1,080
Swedish 22,850 10,920 11,935 1,525 610 920
Northern European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 107 3,435 1,740 1,705 330 155 180
Eastern European origins 178,865 87,500 91,365 6,665 3,145 3,515
Bulgarian 1,565 805 770 30 20 10
Byelorussian 785 400 390 10 0 10
Czech 6,640 3,360 3,280 255 140 115
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 108 2,130 1,005 1,120 100 45 60
Estonian 1,055 445 605 75 65 15
Hungarian 19,335 9,490 9,840 630 280 350
Latvian 1,015 480 525 40 15 20
Lithuanian 2,230 1,065 1,165 60 40 20
Moldovan 905 470 435 0 0 0
Polish 48,635 23,655 24,985 1,970 895 1,070
Romanian 12,150 5,730 6,425 240 140 100
Russian 33,210 15,740 17,470 1,275 615 655
Slovak 4,195 2,170 2,030 75 35 40
Ukrainian 77,670 37,955 39,715 2,920 1,325 1,590
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 109 840 435 400 40 10 30
Southern European origins 83,075 41,370 41,710 2,910 1,370 1,540
Albanian 1,795 920 875 0 0 0
Bosnian 1,595 875 725 0 0 0
Catalan 50 25 25 10 0 0
Croatian 5,575 2,840 2,735 135 65 65
Cypriot 60 30 35 10 0 0
Greek 6,150 3,160 2,990 195 90 105
Italian 37,865 19,055 18,815 1,615 795 825
Kosovar 150 75 75 0 0 0
Macedonian 485 230 255 15 10 10
Maltese 505 245 255 140 70 70
Montenegrin 125 70 55 0 0 0
Portuguese 7,670 3,895 3,780 255 105 145
Serbian 3,205 1,615 1,590 25 15 10
Sicilian 115 60 55 10 10 0
Slovenian 1,600 870 730 25 15 15
Spanish 20,650 9,665 10,985 545 235 310
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 110 1,425 720 700 50 10 45
Southern European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 111 115 50 60 0 0 0
Other European origins 8,595 4,240 4,355 410 175 235
Basque 180 80 100 25 10 10
Jewish 4,220 2,030 2,190 155 55 105
Roma (Gypsy) 165 90 70 15 0 15
Slavic, n.o.s.Census data footnote 112 420 215 215 0 0 0
Other European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 113 3,645 1,850 1,795 220 110 115
Caribbean origins 14,045 6,940 7,105 165 90 70
Antiguan 260 160 100 0 0 0
Bahamian 115 60 60 0 0 0
Barbadian 770 360 405 30 15 20
Bermudan 115 45 70 0 0 0
Carib 60 10 50 0 0 0
Cuban 790 365 425 25 10 15
Dominican 290 185 100 0 0 0
Grenadian 200 90 110 0 0 0
Guadeloupean 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haitian 855 440 415 10 10 0
Jamaican 6,570 3,225 3,350 35 25 10
Kittitian/Nevisian 65 50 15 0 0 0
Martinican 0 0 0 0 0 0
Montserratan 0 0 0 0 0 0
Puerto Rican 220 115 100 0 0 0
St. Lucian 325 165 160 0 0 0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian 1,920 955 960 25 20 0
Vincentian/Grenadinian 320 130 185 0 0 0
West Indian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 114 1,030 500 530 30 15 15
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 115 1,080 500 580 0 0 0
Latin, Central and South American origins 33,540 16,525 17,020 300 140 165
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya) 790 410 380 0 0 0
Arawak 75 10 65 0 0 0
Argentinian 745 375 375 0 0 0
Belizean 130 90 45 0 0 0
Bolivian 245 125 115 0 0 0
Brazilian 1,535 660 875 25 15 15
Chilean 2,910 1,470 1,440 60 20 35
Colombian 7,145 3,405 3,745 25 0 20
Costa Rican 275 125 150 10 0 0
Ecuadorian 425 170 255 0 0 0
Guatemalan 1,140 600 540 0 0 0
Guyanese 1,045 565 480 10 10 0
Hispanic 700 320 380 0 0 0
Honduran 350 180 175 10 10 0
Maya 210 105 105 0 0 0
Mexican 7,560 3,880 3,680 115 60 55
Nicaraguan 870 405 475 0 0 0
Panamanian 140 60 80 0 0 0
Paraguayan 165 70 90 0 0 0
Peruvian 1,425 610 810 10 0 10
Salvadorean 2,775 1,425 1,350 30 20 15
Uruguayan 120 70 55 0 0 0
Venezuelan 3,300 1,670 1,630 10 10 0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 116 1,570 765 795 0 0 10
African origins 55,730 28,570 27,160 410 215 195
Central and West African origins 15,565 8,080 7,485 60 30 25
Akan 95 55 40 0 0 0
Angolan 155 70 80 0 0 0
Ashanti 65 45 20 0 0 0
Beninese 120 45 75 0 0 0
Burkinabe 20 0 15 0 0 0
Cameroonian 965 470 495 10 0 10
Chadian 45 30 10 0 0 0
Congolese 1,355 655 700 0 0 0
Edo 285 165 120 0 0 0
Ewe 70 45 30 0 0 0
Gabonese 20 0 20 0 0 0
Gambian 75 35 35 0 0 0
Ghanaian 1,695 905 790 0 0 0
Guinean 150 85 70 0 0 0
Ibo 1,075 545 530 15 0 10
Ivorian 130 75 55 0 0 0
Liberian 290 145 150 0 0 0
Malian 25 25 0 0 0 0
Malinké 20 10 10 0 0 0
Nigerian 7,425 3,890 3,535 30 20 10
Peulh 45 25 15 0 0 0
Senegalese 275 185 95 0 0 0
Sierra Leonean 215 115 100 0 0 0
Togolese 75 30 45 0 0 0
Wolof 45 30 15 0 0 0
Yoruba 1,670 920 750 0 0 0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 117 580 255 325 25 15 0
North African origins 11,085 5,805 5,285 55 35 20
Algerian 810 410 395 0 0 0
Berber 340 195 140 0 0 0
Coptic 115 60 55 0 0 0
Dinka 265 150 115 0 0 0
Egyptian 4,375 2,335 2,040 30 15 15
Libyan 575 305 270 0 0 0
Maure 0 0 0 10 10 0
Moroccan 1,040 550 485 20 10 0
Sudanese 3,255 1,625 1,630 0 10 0
Tunisian 475 250 225 0 0 0
North African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 118 270 150 120 0 0 0
Southern and East African origins 20,335 10,370 9,970 165 85 80
Afrikaner 95 50 45 25 15 15
Amhara 220 120 105 0 0 0
Bantu, n.o.s.Census data footnote 119 190 95 90 0 0 0
Burundian 195 110 85 0 0 0
Djiboutian 10 10 0 0 0 0
Eritrean 3,755 2,020 1,735 0 0 0
Ethiopian 6,355 3,205 3,150 10 0 10
Harari 45 25 20 0 0 0
Kenyan 900 410 495 0 10 0
Malagasy 45 20 30 0 0 0
Mauritian 250 150 100 0 0 0
Oromo 680 350 330 0 0 0
Rwandan 180 75 105 0 0 0
Seychellois 25 15 0 0 0 0
Somali 2,755 1,385 1,370 0 0 10
South African 2,390 1,190 1,205 115 60 50
Tanzanian 435 180 260 0 0 0
Tigrian 430 240 190 0 0 0
Ugandan 330 195 135 0 0 0
Zambian 115 75 45 0 0 0
Zimbabwean 745 375 365 10 0 0
Zulu 35 20 15 0 0 0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 120 1,440 700 740 0 0 0
Other African origins 9,745 4,815 4,925 135 70 70
Black, n.o.s.Census data footnote 121 845 405 440 15 0 10
Other African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 122 8,985 4,455 4,535 120 60 55
Asian origins 366,720 179,430 187,290 2,585 1,110 1,480
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins 46,250 24,130 22,125 255 110 140
Afghan 5,205 2,795 2,410 0 0 0
Arab, n.o.s.Census data footnote 123 4,865 2,635 2,235 10 0 0
Armenian 960 475 485 25 10 15
Assyrian 315 175 140 10 10 0
Azerbaijani 290 120 175 0 0 0
Georgian 215 120 95 0 0 10
Hazara 265 140 125 0 0 0
Iranian 8,345 4,335 4,010 35 15 20
Iraqi 3,670 1,920 1,750 10 10 10
Israeli 705 370 335 0 0 10
Jordanian 555 290 265 0 0 0
Kazakh 290 120 170 0 0 0
Kurd 880 505 380 10 10 0
Kuwaiti 50 40 0 0 0 0
Kyrgyz 150 90 65 0 0 0
Lebanese 12,760 6,570 6,185 35 20 15
Palestinian 1,555 820 730 0 0 0
Pashtun 380 175 200 0 0 0
Saudi Arabian 155 95 60 10 10 0
Syrian 3,200 1,575 1,625 20 10 10
Tajik 175 100 70 0 0 0
Tatar 340 150 190 10 0 0
Turk 2,470 1,350 1,115 85 30 50
Turkmen 60 35 20 0 0 0
Uighur 150 75 75 0 0 0
Uzbek 255 110 145 0 0 0
Yemeni 545 270 280 0 0 0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 124 1,330 695 635 0 0 10
South Asian origins 115,295 58,585 56,710 455 240 220
Bangladeshi 2,355 1,165 1,190 0 0 0
Bengali 950 475 475 10 0 0
Bhutanese 160 80 80 0 0 0
East Indian 84,780 42,810 41,970 385 200 190
Goan 285 145 145 0 0 0
Gujarati 290 140 155 0 0 0
Kashmiri 570 275 295 0 0 0
Nepali 1,880 1,015 860 0 0 0
Pakistani 17,670 9,050 8,620 15 15 0
Punjabi 7,920 4,110 3,805 15 0 10
Sinhalese 365 195 170 10 0 10
Sri Lankan 2,340 1,225 1,115 20 15 10
Tamil 415 210 200 15 0 10
South Asian origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 125 2,480 1,260 1,220 10 0 0
East and Southeast Asian origins 207,260 97,820 109,440 1,875 750 1,125
Burmese 750 375 375 35 10 25
Cambodian (Khmer) 2,010 1,085 920 0 0 0
Chinese 102,070 49,475 52,590 820 295 525
Filipino 71,780 32,435 39,350 300 100 200
Hmong 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indonesian 1,425 655 770 40 30 15
Japanese 7,080 3,115 3,965 250 105 145
Karen 300 145 155 0 0 0
Korean 11,235 5,235 6,000 165 75 90
Laotian 820 375 445 25 0 15
Malaysian 1,250 570 680 40 10 35
Mongolian 1,060 490 575 20 10 10
Singaporean 200 105 95 0 0 0
Taiwanese 1,150 510 640 70 20 45
Thai 975 360 615 40 10 40
Tibetan 890 460 430 0 0 0
Vietnamese 19,515 9,450 10,065 215 115 100
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 126 300 160 145 0 0 0
Other Asian origins 1,585 800 790 35 20 10
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 127 1,585 795 785 35 25 15
Oceania origins 5,465 2,835 2,630 365 195 175
Australian 3,020 1,600 1,420 190 100 90
New Zealander 1,090 575 520 85 50 35
Pacific Islands origins 1,450 715 740 95 45 55
Fijian 940 440 500 40 15 20
Hawaiian 150 65 85 40 15 20
Maori 135 60 75 20 10 10
Polynesian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 128 70 50 30 0 0 0
Samoan 60 45 15 0 0 0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 129 115 60 55 0 0 0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 130 466,735 ... ... 24,435 ... ...
Owner 333,465 ... ... 18,410 ... ...
Renter 133,275 ... ... 6,030 ... ...
Band housing 0 ... ... 0 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 131 466,740 ... ... 24,435 ... ...
Condominium 104,425 ... ... 3,550 ... ...
Not condominium 362,315 ... ... 20,890 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 132 466,740 ... ... 24,440 ... ...
No bedrooms 1,770 ... ... 145 ... ...
1 bedroom 50,710 ... ... 1,690 ... ...
2 bedrooms 105,050 ... ... 7,570 ... ...
3 bedrooms 163,595 ... ... 9,720 ... ...
4 or more bedrooms 145,620 ... ... 5,320 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 133 466,735 ... ... 24,435 ... ...
1 to 4 rooms 126,895 ... ... 5,480 ... ...
5 rooms 71,595 ... ... 4,500 ... ...
6 rooms 67,675 ... ... 4,305 ... ...
7 rooms 58,670 ... ... 3,210 ... ...
8 or more rooms 141,900 ... ... 6,950 ... ...
Average number of rooms per dwelling 6.3 ... ... 6.3 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 134 466,740 ... ... 24,435 ... ...
One person or fewer per room 454,925 ... ... 24,325 ... ...
More than 1 person per room 11,815 ... ... 115 ... ...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 135 466,740 ... ... 24,435 ... ...
Suitable 444,435 ... ... 23,950 ... ...
Not suitable 22,305 ... ... 485 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 136 466,740 ... ... 24,435 ... ...
1960 or before 46,475 ... ... 2,685 ... ...
1961 to 1980 136,540 ... ... 6,540 ... ...
1981 to 1990 60,930 ... ... 4,110 ... ...
1991 to 2000 73,405 ... ... 5,525 ... ...
2001 to 2005 52,470 ... ... 1,800 ... ...
2006 to 2010 50,155 ... ... 2,440 ... ...
2011 to 2016Census data footnote 137 46,760 ... ... 1,330 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 138 466,740 ... ... 24,435 ... ...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed 446,635 ... ... 23,135 ... ...
Major repairs needed 20,100 ... ... 1,305 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 139 466,735 ... ... 24,440 ... ...
1 household maintainer 261,040 ... ... 14,420 ... ...
2 household maintainers 187,870 ... ... 9,585 ... ...
3 or more household maintainers 17,835 ... ... 425 ... ...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 140 466,740 ... ... 24,435 ... ...
15 to 24 years 13,340 ... ... 560 ... ...
25 to 34 years 90,125 ... ... 2,255 ... ...
35 to 44 years 101,445 ... ... 2,950 ... ...
45 to 54 years 99,335 ... ... 4,165 ... ...
55 to 64 years 85,310 ... ... 5,470 ... ...
65 to 74 years 45,945 ... ... 5,140 ... ...
75 to 84 years 22,955 ... ... 2,845 ... ...
85 years and over 8,280 ... ... 1,055 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 141 464,370 ... ... 24,140 ... ...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs 361,075 ... ... 18,640 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs 103,290 ... ... 5,500 ... ...
30% to less than 100% 89,040 ... ... 4,885 ... ...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 333,440 ... ... 18,155 ... ...
% of owner households with a mortgageCensus data footnote 142 66.8 ... ... 53.1 ... ...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costsCensus data footnote 141 16.5 ... ... 15.0 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143 1,588 ... ... 804 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143 1,612 ... ... 1,034 ... ...
Median value of dwellings ($)Census data footnote 144 450,338 ... ... 358,533 ... ...
Average value of dwellings ($)Census data footnote 144 518,143 ... ... 403,489 ... ...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 133,275 ... ... 6,010 ... ...
% of tenant households in subsidized housingCensus data footnote 145 10.2 ... ... 11.6 ... ...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costsCensus data footnote 141 36.7 ... ... 46.1 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143 1,308 ... ... 924 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143 1,354 ... ... 959 ... ...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 146 996,120 494,600 501,520 45,840 21,750 24,095
No certificate, diploma or degree 134,625 68,690 65,940 6,970 3,435 3,530
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificateCensus data footnote 147 257,270 128,580 128,690 13,650 6,380 7,270
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 604,220 297,330 306,890 25,220 11,930 13,295
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 65,530 48,650 16,875 5,405 4,050 1,350
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 148 23,970 13,670 10,295 2,235 1,335 900
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 149 41,560 34,980 6,580 3,170 2,715 455
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma 175,835 74,320 101,520 9,775 3,550 6,230
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 31,725 13,060 18,670 1,135 400 730
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above 331,130 161,295 169,830 8,910 3,930 4,985
Bachelor's degree 230,410 109,185 121,225 5,380 2,280 3,100
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 17,390 8,025 9,365 760 280 480
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 8,665 4,235 4,430 415 260 165
Master's degree 63,990 33,010 30,975 1,970 855 1,110
Earned doctorateCensus data footnote 150 10,680 6,845 3,835 385 255 130
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 146 721,285 359,765 361,525 26,840 12,465 14,375
No certificate, diploma or degree 58,925 32,105 26,820 2,595 1,385 1,210
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificateCensus data footnote 147 157,950 80,655 77,290 7,755 3,740 4,020
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 504,415 247,005 257,415 16,490 7,335 9,155
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 50,465 38,095 12,370 3,265 2,425 835
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 148 17,785 10,355 7,430 1,340 780 565
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 149 32,680 27,735 4,940 1,920 1,645 275
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma 141,500 60,555 80,950 6,720 2,350 4,370
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 25,565 10,545 15,015 690 275 410
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above 286,890 137,805 149,080 5,820 2,290 3,535
Bachelor's degree 198,550 93,365 105,180 3,685 1,450 2,235
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 14,520 6,600 7,925 415 110 305
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 7,715 3,545 4,170 320 165 155
Master's degree 57,410 28,975 28,435 1,275 510 765
Earned doctorateCensus data footnote 150 8,695 5,330 3,365 125 55 75
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 151 996,120 494,595 501,520 45,840 21,745 24,090
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 152 391,900 197,270 194,630 20,615 9,820 10,800
Education 35,200 7,430 27,770 2,455 695 1,765
13. Education 35,200 7,430 27,770 2,460 695 1,765
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 19,945 8,325 11,615 1,055 470 585
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 3,260 2,265 1,000 165 125 30
50. Visual and performing arts 16,685 6,065 10,620 890 340 550
Humanities 27,695 10,045 17,650 1,050 440 615
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics 3,040 625 2,415 120 25 100
23. English language and literature/letters 6,980 1,840 5,140 285 85 200
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 8,530 2,860 5,670 240 90 155
30A Interdisciplinary humanitiesCensus data footnote 153 125 60 60 10 10 10
38. Philosophy and religious studies 1,855 1,015 840 75 55 25
39. Theology and religious vocations 2,675 1,620 1,055 110 70 45
54. History 3,755 1,875 1,880 165 95 70
55. French language and literature/letters 735 150 590 35 20 15
Social and behavioural sciences and law 65,555 23,275 42,280 2,340 780 1,560
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 740 130 610 20 0 20
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 8,135 2,740 5,390 220 60 155
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 7,735 825 6,905 520 40 485
22. Legal professions and studies 12,200 4,305 7,895 310 95 215
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciencesCensus data footnote 154 860 200 660 65 10 55
42. Psychology 10,295 2,320 7,975 465 155 310
45. Social sciences 25,595 12,760 12,835 735 420 320
Business, management and public administration 139,610 58,555 81,055 4,095 1,245 2,850
30.16 Accounting and computer science 170 65 105 10 0 10
44. Public administration and social service professions 6,940 1,190 5,750 435 90 350
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 132,500 57,295 75,200 3,650 1,150 2,495
Physical and life sciences and technologies 32,330 17,590 14,740 835 480 355
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 10,175 4,085 6,090 420 200 215
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 6,035 2,920 3,115 120 55 60
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciencesCensus data footnote 155 310 115 195 0 0 0
40. Physical sciences 14,480 10,030 4,450 245 205 40
41. Science technologies/technicians 1,335 450 890 55 20 35
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 27,215 17,605 9,615 470 250 220
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 22,150 15,385 6,760 310 195 120
25. Library science 1,465 210 1,250 65 10 60
27. Mathematics and statistics 3,305 1,810 1,495 80 45 30
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciencesCensus data footnote 156 300 190 105 10 0 0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies 141,815 120,895 20,915 5,285 4,935 345
04. Architecture and related services 5,365 3,280 2,090 130 85 50
14. Engineering 58,795 46,705 12,085 575 520 60
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields 26,800 21,745 5,050 1,035 905 125
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 30 0 30 0 0 0
46. Construction trades 22,110 21,410 700 1,490 1,455 35
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 19,165 18,560 610 1,480 1,415 65
48. Precision production 9,545 9,195 345 570 555 15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 9,060 4,780 4,280 675 410 260
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences 4,675 2,635 2,035 345 190 160
03. Natural resources and conservation 4,390 2,145 2,245 325 220 100
Health and related fields 82,120 17,450 64,665 4,800 875 3,920
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies 6,895 3,390 3,500 285 120 170
51. Health professions and related programs 72,705 12,735 59,975 4,350 660 3,690
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs 2,510 1,320 1,190 160 95 65
Personal, protective and transportation services 23,615 11,355 12,260 2,165 1,350 820
12. Personal and culinary services 15,870 5,100 10,770 1,030 315 715
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 105 100 10 25 20 0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 150 125 20 130 115 15
43. Security and protective services 3,300 2,235 1,070 280 240 35
49. Transportation and materials moving 4,195 3,805 395 705 660 45
Other 65 20 45 10 0 0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other 65 20 45 10 0 0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 151 721,290 359,765 361,525 26,840 12,465 14,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 152 216,870 112,760 104,110 10,350 5,125 5,225
Education 26,955 5,300 21,655 1,355 325 1,030
13. Education 26,955 5,300 21,655 1,355 325 1,030
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 16,540 6,825 9,720 740 300 440
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 2,685 1,855 835 100 65 30
50. Visual and performing arts 13,860 4,975 8,890 640 230 410
Humanities 23,150 8,225 14,925 685 295 395
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics 2,605 525 2,075 80 10 65
23. English language and literature/letters 5,900 1,535 4,365 175 65 110
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 7,335 2,415 4,925 165 55 105
30A Interdisciplinary humanitiesCensus data footnote 153 115 60 60 15 10 0
38. Philosophy and religious studies 1,490 820 675 65 40 20
39. Theology and religious vocations 2,030 1,205 825 70 40 25
54. History 3,140 1,550 1,590 115 70 50
55. French language and literature/letters 540 125 415 10 10 10
Social and behavioural sciences and law 56,225 19,655 36,570 1,530 400 1,135
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 620 120 500 10 0 10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 7,085 2,340 4,750 165 30 135
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 6,305 650 5,650 390 30 360
22. Legal professions and studies 10,600 3,520 7,085 225 50 175
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciencesCensus data footnote 154 730 175 560 55 10 45
42. Psychology 8,670 1,870 6,800 240 45 200
45. Social sciences 22,210 10,980 11,235 450 235 210
Business, management and public administration 118,715 49,670 69,045 2,750 820 1,925
30.16 Accounting and computer science 150 65 85 10 0 0
44. Public administration and social service professions 5,880 965 4,915 340 65 275
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 112,680 48,640 64,045 2,400 755 1,645
Physical and life sciences and technologies 26,245 13,925 12,320 500 250 250
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 8,395 3,290 5,105 245 110 135
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 4,965 2,415 2,550 85 30 50
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciencesCensus data footnote 155 235 105 130 0 0 0
40. Physical sciences 11,635 7,800 3,840 145 100 40
41. Science technologies/technicians 1,005 315 690 25 10 20
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 24,520 15,900 8,620 320 165 150
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 20,455 14,205 6,255 250 150 100
25. Library science 1,170 175 995 30 0 30
27. Mathematics and statistics 2,645 1,370 1,270 40 10 25
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciencesCensus data footnote 156 255 155 100 0 0 0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies 117,940 99,370 18,570 3,215 2,970 245
04. Architecture and related services 4,455 2,590 1,870 65 30 35
14. Engineering 51,160 40,060 11,105 320 280 40
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields 21,915 17,720 4,200 590 500 85
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 30 0 30 0 0 0
46. Construction trades 18,070 17,465 605 1,030 1,005 25
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 15,070 14,590 480 885 825 60
48. Precision production 7,235 6,950 290 325 320 0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 7,880 4,035 3,840 515 285 230
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences 3,905 2,140 1,770 255 115 140
03. Natural resources and conservation 3,975 1,900 2,075 260 165 95
Health and related fields 67,345 14,730 52,620 3,380 640 2,740
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies 5,845 2,915 2,930 220 95 120
51. Health professions and related programs 59,250 10,680 48,565 3,035 470 2,560
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs 2,255 1,130 1,120 125 70 55
Personal, protective and transportation services 18,845 9,350 9,500 1,505 900 610
12. Personal and culinary services 12,480 4,170 8,310 775 250 525
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 75 65 10 20 20 0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 75 70 10 55 40 10
43. Security and protective services 2,690 1,850 835 220 180 40
49. Transportation and materials moving 3,525 3,190 335 440 410 30
Other 50 15 35 0 0 0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other 50 15 30 0 0 0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 157 996,120 494,595 501,520 45,840 21,750 24,095
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 391,895 197,270 194,630 20,620 9,820 10,800
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 158 604,225 297,330 306,895 25,225 11,930 13,295
Location of study inside Canada 445,535 220,010 225,530 22,075 10,335 11,740
Same as province or territory of residence 308,335 151,155 157,180 13,810 6,265 7,545
Different than province or territory of residence 137,205 68,855 68,345 8,270 4,070 4,195
Location of study outside CanadaCensus data footnote 159 158,685 77,325 81,365 3,145 1,590 1,550
United StatesCensus data footnote 160 18,875 10,835 8,035 845 425 420
Philippines 27,065 10,425 16,640 105 35 70
India 18,660 9,290 9,370 90 40 50
United KingdomCensus data footnote 161 12,835 7,355 5,485 970 555 420
ChinaCensus data footnote 162 11,810 5,565 6,245 35 10 20
France 1,175 680 495 40 20 20
Other 68,265 33,170 35,095 1,055 510 545
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 157 721,290 359,760 361,525 26,840 12,465 14,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 216,870 112,760 104,115 10,350 5,130 5,225
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 158 504,420 247,000 257,415 16,490 7,335 9,150
Location of study inside Canada 368,225 182,120 186,110 14,985 6,690 8,295
Same as province or territory of residence 255,140 125,285 129,850 9,945 4,275 5,675
Different than province or territory of residence 113,085 56,830 56,255 5,035 2,420 2,620
Location of study outside CanadaCensus data footnote 159 136,190 64,885 71,305 1,505 645 860
United StatesCensus data footnote 160 14,895 8,320 6,570 390 160 225
Philippines 25,035 9,555 15,485 80 20 60
India 16,850 8,250 8,600 65 30 35
United KingdomCensus data footnote 161 9,220 5,280 3,945 360 175 185
ChinaCensus data footnote 162 10,390 4,800 5,590 30 10 20
France 1,025 600 425 30 15 20
Other 58,770 28,080 30,690 550 235 310
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 163 996,120 494,600 501,520 45,840 21,750 24,090
In the labour force 728,330 386,935 341,385 25,200 12,620 12,580
Employed 659,015 348,125 310,880 23,220 11,490 11,730
Unemployed 69,315 38,815 30,500 1,980 1,130 850
Not in the labour force 267,790 107,655 160,135 20,640 9,125 11,510
Participation rate 73.1 78.2 68.1 55.0 58.0 52.2
Employment rate 66.2 70.4 62.0 50.7 52.8 48.7
Unemployment rate 9.5 10.0 8.9 7.9 9.0 6.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 164 996,115 494,600 501,525 45,840 21,750 24,095
Did not workCensus data footnote 165 245,035 97,085 147,945 18,805 8,215 10,590
Worked 751,085 397,510 353,575 27,030 13,535 13,500
Worked full year, full timeCensus data footnote 166 374,465 215,320 159,150 10,545 5,790 4,755
Worked part year and/or part timeCensus data footnote 167 376,620 182,200 194,425 16,490 7,745 8,745
Average weeks worked in reference year 42.5 43.2 41.7 40.3 40.2 40.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 168 728,330 386,940 341,390 25,200 12,620 12,580
Class of worker - not applicableCensus data footnote 169 15,180 6,975 8,205 395 220 180
All classes of workersCensus data footnote 170 713,140 379,965 333,180 24,805 12,405 12,405
Employee 633,230 329,160 304,070 20,925 10,160 10,760
Self-employedCensus data footnote 171 79,910 50,800 29,110 3,885 2,240 1,645
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 172 728,330 386,940 341,385 25,205 12,625 12,580
Occupation - not applicableCensus data footnote 169 15,180 6,980 8,205 395 220 180
All occupationsCensus data footnote 170 713,145 379,960 333,180 24,810 12,405 12,400
0 Management occupations 78,295 50,260 28,035 2,630 1,585 1,045
1 Business, finance and administration occupations 126,490 40,290 86,200 2,945 660 2,285
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 79,805 62,075 17,730 1,350 1,095 255
3 Health occupations 46,930 9,650 37,270 2,110 425 1,680
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services 72,760 23,290 49,470 3,190 1,190 2,000
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 19,045 8,200 10,845 750 260 495
6 Sales and service occupations 163,780 72,970 90,805 6,525 2,450 4,070
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 99,515 92,865 6,655 3,795 3,565 225
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations 9,850 8,090 1,760 1,080 820 260
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities 16,670 12,265 4,405 430 345 90
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 173 728,330 386,940 341,390 25,200 12,620 12,580
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicableCensus data footnote 169 15,180 6,980 8,205 395 220 180
All industry categoriesCensus data footnote 170 713,145 379,965 333,180 24,805 12,405 12,400
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 2,505 1,445 1,060 1,280 915 365
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 44,805 27,975 16,830 290 260 35
22 Utilities 7,975 5,050 2,930 45 35 0
23 Construction 65,065 56,350 8,715 2,295 2,035 260
31-33 Manufacturing 36,875 27,205 9,675 855 620 235
41 Wholesale trade 25,905 17,660 8,245 370 285 85
44-45 Retail trade 78,820 38,405 40,415 3,555 1,505 2,050
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 39,865 28,085 11,775 1,070 710 360
51 Information and cultural industries 14,400 8,615 5,785 310 150 160
52 Finance and insurance 26,410 11,635 14,775 695 230 460
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 14,490 8,260 6,225 425 220 210
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 76,845 45,025 31,825 1,250 585 665
55 Management of companies and enterprises 3,440 1,825 1,615 10 10 0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 30,855 17,950 12,910 1,030 595 440
61 Educational services 45,000 14,385 30,615 1,710 480 1,235
62 Health care and social assistance 77,205 14,390 62,820 3,440 690 2,755
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 16,265 7,880 8,385 705 350 355
72 Accommodation and food services 50,610 21,600 29,010 2,115 790 1,325
81 Other services (except public administration) 30,015 12,260 17,750 1,055 405 655
91 Public administration 25,785 13,950 11,835 2,300 1,540 755
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 174 659,010 348,130 310,885 23,220 11,490 11,730
Worked at home 44,830 21,375 23,455 2,155 915 1,230
Worked outside Canada 2,810 2,145 665 130 95 35
No fixed workplace address 89,435 66,890 22,545 3,610 2,715 890
Worked at usual place 521,935 257,715 264,215 17,325 7,760 9,570
Commuting destinationThe letter C inside a yellow triangle - correctionUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data 521,935 257,715 264,220 17,325 7,760 9,565
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence 490,135 237,685 252,450 7,915 3,465 4,455
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence 21,015 12,370 8,640 7,450 3,135 4,315
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence 7,755 5,790 1,965 1,590 870 720
Commute to a different province or territory 3,030 1,865 1,165 370 285 80
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 175 611,370 324,605 286,760 20,935 10,475 10,460
Car, truck, van - as a driver 434,375 243,680 190,695 16,425 8,030 8,400
Car, truck, van - as a passenger 31,420 10,750 20,670 1,190 615 575
Public transit 96,575 43,235 53,340 505 190 320
Walked 30,265 14,545 15,720 1,290 555 735
Bicycle 9,870 6,925 2,945 820 570 255
Other method 8,855 5,470 3,385 700 525 180
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 176 611,370 324,605 286,765 20,935 10,475 10,460
Less than 15 minutes 105,535 48,755 56,780 10,965 4,985 5,975
15 to 29 minutes 256,760 136,865 119,895 6,710 3,380 3,335
30 to 44 minutes 161,785 91,745 70,035 1,395 775 625
45 to 59 minutes 50,830 27,165 23,665 785 510 280
60 minutes and over 36,465 20,075 16,385 1,075 830 245
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 177 611,370 324,605 286,765 20,930 10,475 10,460
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m. 40,200 27,835 12,370 1,200 785 420
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m. 123,750 74,595 49,150 3,310 2,095 1,210
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m. 180,220 93,355 86,860 5,310 3,010 2,300
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m. 108,920 51,385 57,535 5,210 2,060 3,155
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m. 67,270 29,355 37,920 2,740 1,010 1,725
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m. 91,005 48,080 42,930 3,160 1,510 1,645
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 178 772,235 407,270 364,965 27,890 13,930 13,960
Single responses 762,700 402,710 359,990 27,825 13,885 13,940
Official languages 753,055 397,715 355,340 27,675 13,815 13,865
English 751,185 397,150 354,035 27,545 13,775 13,770
French 1,865 565 1,305 130 40 95
Non-official languages 9,645 5,000 4,650 150 75 75
Aboriginal languages 10 0 0 10 0 10
Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cree-Montagnais languages 0 0 0 0 0 0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0 0 0
Montagnais (Innu) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Moose Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0 0 0
Northern East Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0
Plains Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0
Southern East Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0
Swampy Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0
Woods Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0
Malecite 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0 0 0
Algonquin 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ojibway 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ottawa (Odawa) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages 10 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 10 0 0 0 0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Beaver 0 0 0 0 0 0
Carrier 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chilcotin 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dene 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dogrib (Tlicho) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sarsi (Sarcee) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sekani 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0 0 0
North Slavey (Hare) 0 0 0 0 0 0
South Slavey 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haida 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuit languages 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuit languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oneida 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kutenai 0 0 0 0 0 0
Michif 0 0 0 0 0 0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0 0 0
Comox 0 0 0 0 0 0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0 0 0
Okanagan 0 0 0 0 0 0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Squamish 0 0 0 0 0 0
Straits 0 0 0 0 0 0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Siouan languages 10 0 0 0 0 0
Dakota 0 0 0 0 0 0
Stoney 0 0 0 0 0 0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 10 0 10
Haisla 0 0 0 0 0 0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala) 0 0 0 10 0 10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Non-Aboriginal languages 9,640 4,990 4,645 145 75 70
Afro-Asiatic languages 340 205 135 0 0 0
Berber languages 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0 0 0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cushitic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bilen 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oromo 0 0 0 0 0 0
Somali 0 0 10 0 0 0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Semitic languages 335 200 135 0 0 0
Amharic 45 30 15 0 0 0
Arabic 240 155 90 0 0 0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 10 0 0 0 0 0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0 0 0
Harari 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hebrew 25 10 20 0 0 0
Maltese 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tigrigna 15 0 15 0 0 0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Austro-Asiatic languages 800 295 505 55 20 35
Khmer (Cambodian) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Vietnamese 800 300 505 55 20 35
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0 0 0
Austronesian languages 315 145 170 0 0 0
Bikol 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cebuano 0 0 0 0 0 0
Fijian 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hiligaynon 0 0 10 0 0 0
Ilocano 15 0 15 0 0 0
Malagasy 0 0 0 0 0 0
Malay 10 10 0 0 0 0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 290 135 150 0 0 0
Waray-Waray 0 0 0 0 0 0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 10 0 10 0 0 0
Creole languages 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0 0 0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dravidian languages 20 10 15 0 0 0
Kannada 0 0 0 0 0 0
Malayalam 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tamil 15 10 0 0 0 0
Telugu 0 0 10 0 0 0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indo-European languages 3,065 1,700 1,365 10 10 0
Albanian 25 20 0 0 0 0
Armenian 0 0 0 0 0 0
Balto-Slavic languages 310 155 160 10 10 0
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0
Latvian 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slavic languages 310 150 160 0 10 0
Belarusan 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bosnian 10 15 0 0 0 0
Bulgarian 0 0 10 0 0 0
Croatian 10 10 10 0 0 0
Czech 0 0 0 0 10 0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0 0 0
Polish 95 70 25 0 0 0
Russian 155 60 95 0 0 0
Serbian 10 0 0 0 0 0
Serbo-Croatian 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slovak 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ukrainian 20 0 20 0 0 0
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0 0 0
Welsh 0 0 0 0 0 0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Germanic languages 80 45 40 10 0 0
Afrikaans 15 10 10 0 0 0
Danish 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dutch 0 0 0 0 0 0
Frisian 0 0 0 0 0 0
German 55 35 20 10 0 0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0 0 0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0 0 0
Swedish 10 0 10 0 0 0
Vlaams (Flemish) 10 0 0 0 0 0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0 0 0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Greek 10 0 0 0 0 0
Indo-Iranian languages 1,800 1,070 730 10 0 0
Indo-Aryan languages 1,660 985 675 0 10 0
Bengali 15 0 10 0 0 0
Gujarati 15 0 10 0 0 0
Hindi 105 50 55 0 0 0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0 0 0
Konkani 0 0 0 0 0 0
Marathi 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nepali 30 15 10 0 0 0
Oriya (Odia) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 1,370 860 515 0 0 0
Sindhi 10 0 10 0 0 0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 10 10 0 0 0 0
Urdu 105 40 65 0 0 0
Iranian languages 135 80 50 0 0 0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pashto 15 15 0 0 0 0
Persian (Farsi) 115 70 50 0 0 0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 10 0 0 0 0 0
Italic (Romance) languages 840 405 435 0 0 0
Catalan 0 0 0 0 0 0
Italian 0 10 0 0 0 0
Portuguese 90 45 50 0 0 0
Romanian 50 30 20 0 0 0
Spanish 690 320 370 0 0 0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Japanese 90 35 55 0 0 0
Kartvelian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0
Georgian 0 0 0 0 0 0
Korean 475 195 275 20 15 0
Mongolic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolian 0 0 0 0 0 0
Niger-Congo languages 25 0 20 0 0 0
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0 0 0
Edo 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ewe 0 0 0 0 0 0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ga 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ganda 0 0 0 0 0 0
Igbo 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lingala 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Shona 0 0 0 0 0 0
Swahili 20 10 10 0 0 0
Wolof 0 0 0 0 0 0
Yoruba 10 0 0 0 0 0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dinka 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sign languages 55 20 35 0 0 0
American Sign Language 25 0 15 0 0 0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sign languages, n.i.e 30 15 15 0 0 0
Sino-Tibetan languages 4,370 2,335 2,035 55 30 25
Chinese languages 4,335 2,315 2,020 60 30 25
Cantonese 2,830 1,465 1,370 50 25 20
Hakka 0 0 0 10 0 0
Mandarin 1,360 775 595 0 0 0
Min Dong 0 0 0 0 0 0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 15 0 10 0 0 0
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chinese, n.o.s. 125 75 50 0 0 0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tibeto-Burman languages 35 20 15 0 0 0
Burmese 15 10 0 0 0 0
Karenic languages 15 10 0 0 0 0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 10 0 0 0 0 0
Tai-Kadai languages 10 0 0 10 0 10
Lao 0 0 0 0 0 0
Thai 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0 0 0
Turkic languages 25 10 15 0 0 0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0 0 0
Turkish 25 10 15 0 0 0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0 0 0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0 0 0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Uralic languages 40 30 15 0 0 0
Estonian 0 0 0 0 0 0
Finnish 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hungarian 45 30 15 0 0 0
Uralic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Other languages, n.i.e. 10 10 0 0 0 0
Multiple responses 9,540 4,560 4,980 65 45 20
English and French 1,520 610 910 30 20 10
English and non-official language 7,865 3,875 3,985 40 25 15
French and non-official language 20 10 15 0 0 0
English, French and non-official language 135 65 70 0 0 0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 179 772,240 407,275 364,965 27,890 13,930 13,960
None 735,970 388,870 347,100 26,795 13,395 13,400
English 4,995 2,365 2,635 155 50 110
French 7,140 3,250 3,895 660 360 300
Non-official language 23,500 12,465 11,040 265 115 140
Aboriginal 75 15 55 10 0 10
Non-Aboriginal 23,425 12,445 10,980 255 120 130
English and French 25 10 15 0 0 0
English and non-official language 105 50 60 0 0 0
French and non-official language 500 270 225 20 10 10
English, French and non-official language 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 180 1,207,065 602,690 604,375 52,705 25,265 27,440
Non-movers 1,015,150 505,630 509,515 44,865 21,475 23,385
Movers 191,915 97,060 94,860 7,840 3,790 4,050
Non-migrants 143,215 73,025 70,190 3,745 1,750 1,995
Migrants 48,705 24,035 24,670 4,100 2,040 2,055
Internal migrants 28,085 13,815 14,265 3,835 1,920 1,920
Intraprovincial migrants 13,575 6,805 6,775 2,530 1,245 1,285
Interprovincial migrants 14,510 7,010 7,495 1,305 675 635
External migrants 20,615 10,215 10,400 265 125 135
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 181 1,144,745 570,630 574,115 50,940 24,460 26,485
Non-movers 616,085 305,515 310,565 29,895 14,280 15,610
Movers 528,665 265,110 263,550 21,050 10,175 10,875
Non-migrants 331,685 167,650 164,035 9,140 4,330 4,810
Migrants 196,975 97,460 99,515 11,910 5,845 6,070
Internal migrants 109,755 54,860 54,895 10,920 5,365 5,555
Intraprovincial migrants 40,215 20,135 20,080 7,025 3,305 3,720
Interprovincial migrants 69,535 34,725 34,815 3,900 2,060 1,840
External migrants 87,225 42,605 44,620 990 480 510

Source

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Calgary, CY [Census subdivision], Alberta and Courtenay [Census agglomeration], British Columbia (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed March 28, 2024).

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