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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Red Deer, City [Census subdivision], Alberta and Division No. 8, Census division [Census division], Alberta

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Red Deer, CY Alberta [Census subdivision]			Division No. 8, CDR Alberta [Census division]
	Data quality , Red Deer, City [Census subdivision], Alberta Map : Red Deer, City [Census subdivision], Alberta Change geography 1			Data quality : Division No. 8, Census division [Census division], Alberta Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	100,418	...	...	209,395	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	90,564	...	...	189,243	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	10.9	...	...	10.6	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	42,285	...	...	88,994	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	39,982	...	...	80,649	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	958.8	...	...	21.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	104.73	...	...	9,939.43	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	100,415	49,685	50,730	209,395	104,790	104,605
0 to 14 years	18,685	9,600	9,090	41,065	21,150	19,915
0 to 4 years	6,365	3,290	3,075	13,855	7,160	6,690
5 to 9 years	6,565	3,370	3,195	14,300	7,390	6,910
10 to 14 years	5,755	2,940	2,815	12,915	6,600	6,310
15 to 64 years	69,710	34,830	34,880	141,550	71,260	70,295
15 to 19 years	6,030	3,115	2,910	12,880	6,630	6,250
20 to 24 years	7,035	3,490	3,540	13,120	6,645	6,470
25 to 29 years	8,220	4,200	4,020	15,470	7,915	7,550
30 to 34 years	8,495	4,295	4,195	16,730	8,510	8,220
35 to 39 years	7,635	3,840	3,790	14,855	7,575	7,280
40 to 44 years	6,860	3,550	3,315	13,655	7,020	6,635
45 to 49 years	6,245	3,075	3,165	13,065	6,470	6,595
50 to 54 years	6,740	3,245	3,490	14,635	7,070	7,565
55 to 59 years	6,900	3,325	3,575	14,840	7,325	7,515
60 to 64 years	5,560	2,680	2,875	12,310	6,095	6,210
65 years and over	12,020	5,255	6,760	26,775	12,380	14,395
65 to 69 years	4,025	1,910	2,115	9,260	4,575	4,690
70 to 74 years	2,685	1,245	1,440	6,250	3,040	3,215
75 to 79 years	2,060	860	1,205	4,610	2,080	2,530
80 to 84 years	1,570	670	895	3,250	1,480	1,775
85 years and over	1,680	570	1,110	3,415	1,215	2,195
85 to 89 years	1,115	445	675	2,260	905	1,355
90 to 94 years	450	105	340	900	250	650
95 to 99 years	90	25	75	215	55	165
100 years and over	20	5	15	35	5	25
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.6	19.3	17.9	19.6	20.2	19.0
15 to 64 years	69.4	70.1	68.8	67.6	68.0	67.2
65 years and over	12.0	10.6	13.3	12.8	11.8	13.8
85 years and over	1.7	1.1	2.2	1.6	1.2	2.1
Average age of the population	37.6	36.6	38.6	38.0	37.2	38.7
Median age of the population	36.1	35.2	37.1	36.8	36.0	37.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	39,985	...	...	80,650	...	...
Single-detached house	21,060	...	...	51,550	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	585	...	...	605	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	17,245	...	...	23,660	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,255	...	...	4,815	...	...
Row house	4,025	...	...	6,080	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,520	...	...	2,130	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	8,415	...	...	10,520	...	...
Other single-attached house	35	...	...	110	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	1,085	...	...	4,835	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	39,985	...	...	80,645	...	...
1 person	10,655	...	...	19,415	...	...
2 persons	14,075	...	...	29,600	...	...
3 persons	6,315	...	...	12,520	...	...
4 persons	5,570	...	...	11,500	...	...
5 or more persons	3,375	...	...	7,615	...	...
Number of persons in private households	98,480	...	...	204,550	...	...
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	81,735	40,085	41,645	168,330	83,640	84,690
Married or living common law	46,050	23,045	23,005	100,620	50,385	50,235
Married	37,400	18,730	18,675	82,395	41,290	41,105
Living common law	8,655	4,320	4,330	18,225	9,095	9,130
Not married and not living common law	35,685	17,040	18,640	67,710	33,255	34,455
Never married	23,320	12,935	10,385	43,620	24,685	18,935
Separated	2,315	965	1,350	4,580	1,975	2,610
Divorced	6,180	2,365	3,815	11,565	4,850	6,715
Widowed	3,865	770	3,095	7,940	1,745	6,195
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	27,190	...	...	58,170	...	...
2 persons	13,900	...	...	29,895	...	...
3 persons	5,740	...	...	11,740	...	...
4 persons	5,175	...	...	10,855	...	...
5 or more persons	2,370	...	...	5,685	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	27,195	...	...	58,170	...	...
Total couple families	22,475	...	...	49,215	...	...
Married couples	18,155	...	...	40,100	...	...
Common-law couples	4,325	...	...	9,115	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	4,715	...	...	8,955	...	...
Female parent	3,770	...	...	6,950	...	...
Male parent	945	...	...	2,010	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	22,475	...	...	49,215	...	...
Couples without children	11,035	...	...	24,590	...	...
Couples with children	11,445	...	...	24,620	...	...
1 child	4,390	...	...	9,185	...	...
2 children	4,800	...	...	10,065	...	...
3 or more children	2,255	...	...	5,375	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	4,715	...	...	8,955	...	...
1 child	2,870	...	...	5,300	...	...
2 children	1,355	...	...	2,555	...	...
3 or more children	490	...	...	1,105	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	20,165	10,375	9,790	35,420	18,625	16,795
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	39,980	...	...	80,650	...	...
One-census-family households	25,810	...	...	55,350	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	10,525	...	...	23,570	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	15,285	...	...	31,780	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	680	...	...	1,385	...	...
Non-census-family households	13,490	...	...	23,915	...	...
One-person households	10,655	...	...	19,415	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	2,835	...	...	4,500	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	99,040	49,075	49,955	206,260	103,215	103,045
English only	92,745	46,200	46,540	195,630	98,370	97,255
French only	75	35	40	105	45	60
English and French	5,445	2,490	2,955	9,495	4,305	5,190
Neither English nor French	775	355	420	1,030	495	535
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	99,035	49,080	49,955	206,260	103,220	103,045
English	96,840	48,015	48,830	202,695	101,420	101,270
French	1,235	630	605	2,290	1,185	1,110
English and French	205	95	115	285	135	145
Neither English nor French	755	340	410	995	480	520
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	1,335	675	660	2,435	1,250	1,180
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.3	1.4	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.1
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	99,035	49,080	49,955	206,260	103,215	103,045
Single responses	97,295	48,225	49,070	203,635	101,930	101,705
Official languages	83,960	41,730	42,225	183,060	91,845	91,210
English	82,645	41,070	41,580	180,560	90,565	89,990
French	1,315	665	650	2,500	1,280	1,220
Non-official languages	13,335	6,490	6,845	20,575	10,085	10,495
Aboriginal languages	90	35	55	1,020	485	535
Algonquian languages	75	25	45	975	470	510
Blackfoot	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	55	20	35	950	460	495
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	5	0	0	0
Plains Cree	15	5	5	75	35	35
Southern East Cree	0	5	0	0	5	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0
Woods Cree	5	0	5	15	5	10
Cree, n.o.s.	35	15	20	865	415	450
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	10	5	20	10	15
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	20	5	10	25	10	15
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	5	5	15	5	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	10	5	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	10	0	5
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	5	5	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	5	5
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	5	0	5
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	5	0	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	5	0	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	5	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	5	0	0	5
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Siouan languages	10	5	5	15	5	10
Dakota	5	0	0	15	5	5
Stoney	5	0	0	5	0	5
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	13,245	6,460	6,785	19,560	9,600	9,960
Afro-Asiatic languages	710	395	315	760	430	335
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Kabyle	0	5	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	75	45	30	80	45	35
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	10	10	10	10	10	5
Somali	60	35	25	65	35	25
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	630	350	285	680	385	295
Amharic	25	5	15	30	10	15
Arabic	545	310	235	595	340	250
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	5	0
Hebrew	10	0	5	10	5	5
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	55	25	30	55	25	30
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	300	145	155	340	165	175
Khmer (Cambodian)	60	25	35	65	30	35
Vietnamese	240	115	120	270	135	140
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	4,245	1,920	2,330	5,390	2,440	2,950
Bikol	25	10	10	30	15	10
Cebuano	120	50	75	155	60	95
Fijian	5	5	5	10	5	5
Hiligaynon	40	10	25	50	20	35
Ilocano	235	105	130	285	125	160
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	15	5	10	25	5	15
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	40	25	15	45	25	20
Pangasinan	10	5	5	25	10	15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,720	1,685	2,035	4,715	2,140	2,575
Waray-Waray	15	5	10	20	10	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	30	15	15
Creole languages	25	10	15	45	25	25
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	10	5	5
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	5	25	15	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	10	10	5
Dravidian languages	135	70	65	190	105	80
Kannada	5	5	5	5	0	0
Malayalam	50	25	20	80	45	35
Tamil	55	25	25	65	35	30
Telugu	20	10	10	30	20	15
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	5	5	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	6,185	3,125	3,065	10,625	5,390	5,245
Albanian	5	0	5	10	5	0
Armenian	45	20	20	50	30	20
Balto-Slavic languages	1,545	765	785	2,060	1,005	1,055
Baltic languages	25	15	10	35	20	15
Latvian	15	5	5	20	15	5
Lithuanian	10	5	5	15	5	5
Slavic languages	1,525	750	770	2,025	980	1,045
Belarusan	0	0	0	5	0	0
Bosnian	75	30	40	75	35	40
Bulgarian	20	10	15	30	10	15
Croatian	45	20	30	60	20	40
Czech	45	20	25	70	35	35
Macedonian	0	5	0	5	0	0
Polish	185	100	85	265	135	135
Russian	365	170	195	515	230	285
Serbian	60	35	25	70	40	30
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	15	20	5	10
Slovak	25	10	15	45	20	25
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0	5	0
Ukrainian	680	350	330	880	450	425
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	10	5	5
Celtic languages	15	10	10	35	20	10
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	5	10	5	5
Welsh	15	5	5	15	15	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	5	0
Germanic languages	1,190	575	615	4,370	2,205	2,165
Afrikaans	90	45	50	205	100	110
Danish	55	30	30	155	75	80
Dutch	365	175	190	1,590	830	765
Frisian	10	10	0	55	30	25
German	625	300	325	2,270	1,130	1,135
Icelandic	5	0	5	5	5	0
Norwegian	15	10	15	40	15	25
Swedish	20	5	10	35	15	20
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	5	10	5	5
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	5	0
Greek	35	15	20	80	40	35
Indo-Iranian languages	1,315	690	620	1,520	805	715
Indo-Aryan languages	945	500	445	1,125	600	520
Bengali	50	25	25	50	30	25
Gujarati	85	45	40	110	55	55
Hindi	225	120	105	245	135	110
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	5	5	0
Marathi	0	5	0	5	0	0
Nepali	20	15	10	45	20	25
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	225	115	110	285	145	140
Sindhi	10	5	5	15	5	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	50	25	25	65	40	30
Urdu	265	145	125	305	170	135
Iranian languages	360	185	175	380	195	190
Kurdish	0	5	0	0	0	0
Pashto	90	40	45	90	40	50
Persian (Farsi)	275	140	130	290	150	140
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	15	10	5
Italic (Romance) languages	2,030	1,045	985	2,510	1,280	1,230
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	75	35	35	115	50	65
Portuguese	70	40	30	100	60	40
Romanian	135	65	65	150	75	75
Spanish	1,750	900	850	2,140	1,090	1,050
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	30	10	20	55	15	40
Kartvelian languages	0	0	5	5	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	5
Korean	260	135	120	430	225	205
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	240	120	115	265	135	130
Akan (Twi)	25	15	15	40	20	15
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	10	5	5	10	5	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	5	0	0	5	0
Ganda	0	5	0	5	0	0
Igbo	30	10	15	30	10	20
Lingala	10	0	5	10	5	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	5	10	5	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	0	10	5	0
Shona	15	5	5	15	5	10
Swahili	40	20	20	40	20	20
Wolof	5	5	5	5	5	0
Yoruba	20	5	10	25	10	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	75	40	40	85	40	40
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	15	10	35	20	15
Dinka	25	15	10	30	15	10
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sign languages	20	10	10	40	25	20
American Sign Language	5	0	5	10	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	15	10	5	30	20	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	820	380	440	965	450	510
Chinese languages	815	375	430	935	435	500
Cantonese	465	225	240	515	250	265
Hakka	5	0	5	5	5	0
Mandarin	270	120	155	320	135	175
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	10	20	10	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	5	0	5	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	55	25	30	70	35	40
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5	25	10	15
Burmese	0	0	0	5	0	5
Karenic languages	5	0	0	20	5	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	5	0
Tai-Kadai languages	85	35	50	130	45	85
Lao	45	25	20	55	25	30
Thai	40	10	30	80	25	55
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	25	15	10	35	15	15
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	5	10	10	5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	15	5	5	15	10	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	10	0	10
Uralic languages	115	60	60	225	105	120
Estonian	0	0	0	15	5	15
Finnish	25	10	15	65	20	40
Hungarian	90	50	40	150	80	70
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	25	20	5
Multiple responses	1,740	855	885	2,625	1,285	1,340
English and French	240	120	120	420	210	205
English and non-official language	1,450	700	750	2,125	1,025	1,095
French and non-official language	25	15	10	45	30	15
English, French and non-official language	30	20	15	35	20	20
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	99,035	49,075	49,960	206,260	103,215	103,045
Single responses	95,190	47,220	47,965	201,045	100,705	100,340
Official languages	88,450	43,815	44,635	191,585	95,900	95,685
English	88,055	43,610	44,440	190,905	95,565	95,340
French	400	195	200	685	335	345
Non-official languages	6,745	3,410	3,330	9,460	4,805	4,660
Aboriginal languages	15	10	5	350	155	195
Algonquian languages	5	5	5	345	150	190
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	5	5	345	155	190
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	10	5	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	5	0	0	5	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	0	330	150	180
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	5
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	5	5	5	5	5
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	5	0	5	5	0	5
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	6,730	3,405	3,325	9,110	4,645	4,460
Afro-Asiatic languages	520	280	240	540	290	250
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	50	30	20	50	30	20
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	15	5	5	10	5	10
Somali	40	20	15	40	25	15
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	470	250	220	490	260	225
Amharic	10	5	10	15	5	10
Arabic	410	225	185	430	235	190
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	45	25	25	45	20	20
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	185	90	100	205	100	100
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	15	20	35	15	20
Vietnamese	150	75	80	170	85	85
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	2,115	1,025	1,085	2,655	1,305	1,350
Bikol	5	0	0	5	0	5
Cebuano	35	15	20	45	20	25
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	10	5	10
Ilocano	90	45	50	105	45	55
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	5	5	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	10	5	15	10	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,940	945	995	2,465	1,215	1,250
Waray-Waray	10	0	5	10	10	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	5	0	5
Creole languages	15	10	5	25	15	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	5	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	0	15	10	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	5	0	0
Dravidian languages	80	35	40	105	50	50
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	5
Malayalam	45	20	20	60	35	30
Tamil	30	15	20	30	15	15
Telugu	10	0	5	10	5	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,895	1,500	1,395	4,355	2,265	2,090
Albanian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Armenian	25	15	10	30	15	10
Balto-Slavic languages	800	420	380	900	470	430
Baltic languages	10	5	5	10	5	5
Latvian	5	5	5	5	5	5
Lithuanian	5	0	5	5	0	5
Slavic languages	790	415	370	890	465	420
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	30	15	15	30	15	15
Bulgarian	5	5	5	15	5	10
Croatian	20	5	10	20	10	10
Czech	10	5	10	20	10	15
Macedonian	5	0	0	5	0	0
Polish	50	30	20	70	35	35
Russian	225	115	115	270	135	135
Serbian	20	10	10	15	10	5
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	0	5	5	5
Slovak	5	0	0	10	5	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	405	225	180	425	235	190
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	5	0	5
Celtic languages	5	0	0	5	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	5	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	115	55	60	1,105	575	535
Afrikaans	50	20	25	105	50	60
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	20	10	5	280	155	130
Frisian	0	0	0	15	10	5
German	50	20	25	695	360	335
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	5	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	10	5	5	20	10	10
Indo-Iranian languages	785	405	375	910	470	440
Indo-Aryan languages	540	285	250	660	350	310
Bengali	35	15	20	35	20	20
Gujarati	50	30	25	65	35	30
Hindi	110	65	45	115	70	50
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	5	0	5	15	5	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	140	75	65	190	100	90
Sindhi	0	5	0	0	5	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35	15	20	40	20	20
Urdu	165	90	80	195	105	90
Iranian languages	235	120	125	245	120	125
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	40	20	25	45	20	20
Persian (Farsi)	195	95	100	205	100	105
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	5	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,160	595	565	1,385	720	665
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	10	0	10	20	5	10
Portuguese	35	20	15	35	20	15
Romanian	55	25	30	65	35	35
Spanish	1,055	545	515	1,265	665	605
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	10	5	5
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	205	110	90	335	175	160
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	80	40	40	85	40	45
Akan (Twi)	20	5	5	20	10	10
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	5	5	0	5	5	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	15	5	10	15	10	10
Lingala	0	5	0	5	5	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	15	10	5	15	10	5
Wolof	5	5	5	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	0	5	0	0	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	15	5	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	0	15	10	5
Dinka	5	5	0	5	5	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5
Sign languages	20	15	5	50	30	20
American Sign Language	0	0	0	10	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	15	15	5	40	25	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	505	240	265	590	285	300
Chinese languages	495	240	260	565	270	290
Cantonese	285	140	145	310	145	160
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	175	80	95	205	100	110
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	10	5	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	5	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	15	15	45	20	25
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	0	25	15	10
Burmese	0	0	0	5	0	0
Karenic languages	5	0	5	15	10	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	5	5	0
Tai-Kadai languages	50	20	30	70	35	40
Lao	30	15	15	40	15	20
Thai	20	5	15	35	15	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	25	15	10	25	10	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	5	5	10	5	5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	10	10	0	15	5	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	35	20	10	45	25	20
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	5	5	5	5
Hungarian	30	15	10	40	25	20
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	5	5
Multiple responses	3,845	1,855	1,990	5,215	2,510	2,700
English and French	145	60	80	250	120	125
English and non-official language	3,630	1,765	1,865	4,885	2,360	2,525
French and non-official language	10	0	10	15	0	10
English, French and non-official language	65	30	35	75	35	40
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	99,035	49,080	49,960	206,260	103,215	103,045
None	90,885	45,085	45,800	193,100	96,795	96,305
English	3,205	1,640	1,565	4,710	2,410	2,300
French	885	435	450	1,635	755	875
Non-official language	3,940	1,860	2,080	6,625	3,150	3,470
Aboriginal	90	35	50	840	415	420
Non-Aboriginal	3,845	1,820	2,025	5,780	2,735	3,050
English and French	10	5	5	15	10	10
English and non-official language	75	35	40	100	50	50
French and non-official language	35	20	20	80	40	40
English, French and non-official language	0	5	5	5	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	79,820	39,340	40,480	163,655	81,455	82,205
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	76,660	37,805	38,860	156,870	78,130	78,735
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,109	53,608	32,417	40,754	54,779	31,047
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	76,675	37,810	38,865	156,910	78,145	78,765
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,645	45,891	29,751	36,529	46,918	28,694
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	71,445	36,075	35,375	145,705	74,515	71,185
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,136	52,802	30,589	39,886	54,010	29,206
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	46,025	17,965	28,060	93,140	36,585	56,555
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,701	5,029	4,560	5,231	6,027	4,931
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	62,315	32,145	30,175	125,545	65,695	59,850
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,062	52,664	31,095	39,171	53,202	29,313
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	79,825	39,340	40,480	163,660	81,455	82,205
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	76,745	37,715	39,030	156,945	78,040	78,900
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	57,513	73,340	42,219	59,077	77,372	40,983
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	76,760	37,720	39,035	156,970	78,050	78,920
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,024	58,327	36,103	48,135	61,231	35,183
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	71,500	36,005	35,490	145,745	74,440	71,295
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	56,959	72,924	40,762	58,695	77,113	39,463
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	46,275	18,145	28,130	93,670	36,880	56,795
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,378	7,736	7,148	7,662	8,070	7,396
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	62,315	32,085	30,230	125,545	65,640	59,905
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	53,139	67,304	38,105	53,677	69,297	36,564
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	79,825	39,340	40,480	163,660	81,450	82,205
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	27,415	15,400	12,015	54,910	31,690	23,215
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	58,561	70,487	48,357	58,654	70,239	47,961
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	71,793	84,488	55,525	71,065	83,426	54,190
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	92.2	95.0	87.4	92.1	94.9	86.9
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	74.6	77.1	70.4	72.8	75.5	67.7
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	7.8	5.0	12.6	7.9	5.1	13.1
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	79,820	39,340	40,480	163,660	81,455	82,200
Without total income	3,165	1,535	1,625	6,785	3,320	3,470
With total income	76,660	37,805	38,860	156,870	78,130	78,735
Percentage with total income	96.0	96.1	96.0	95.9	95.9	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,850	3,210	5,640	19,715	6,915	12,795
$10,000 to $19,999	9,785	3,570	6,215	20,095	7,220	12,875
$20,000 to $29,999	9,935	3,650	6,280	20,170	7,610	12,560
$30,000 to $39,999	8,835	3,660	5,175	17,215	7,085	10,130
$40,000 to $49,999	7,795	3,585	4,210	15,305	7,010	8,295
$50,000 to $59,999	6,500	3,255	3,240	12,915	6,570	6,340
$60,000 to $69,999	5,155	2,895	2,265	10,490	6,035	4,450
$70,000 to $79,999	4,115	2,605	1,510	8,455	5,445	3,010
$80,000 to $89,999	3,265	2,065	1,200	6,715	4,480	2,240
$90,000 to $99,999	2,815	1,805	1,015	5,705	3,760	1,940
$100,000 and over	9,610	7,505	2,105	20,080	15,980	4,100
$100,000 to $149,999	6,325	4,770	1,555	13,070	10,060	3,015
$150,000 and over	3,285	2,735	545	7,010	5,925	1,085
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	79,820	39,340	40,480	163,655	81,450	82,205
Without after-tax income	3,140	1,530	1,610	6,750	3,305	3,440
With after-tax income	76,680	37,810	38,870	156,910	78,145	78,765
Percentage with after-tax income	96.1	96.1	96.0	95.9	95.9	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,085	3,275	5,805	20,225	7,085	13,135
$10,000 to $19,999	10,245	3,745	6,495	21,050	7,580	13,470
$20,000 to $29,999	11,705	4,410	7,295	23,500	8,990	14,510
$30,000 to $39,999	10,760	4,740	6,015	20,835	9,065	11,770
$40,000 to $49,999	9,160	4,515	4,645	18,090	9,005	9,080
$50,000 to $59,999	7,025	3,920	3,105	14,320	8,230	6,090
$60,000 to $69,999	5,110	3,240	1,870	10,580	6,940	3,650
$70,000 to $79,999	3,885	2,540	1,345	8,010	5,400	2,605
$80,000 and over	9,705	7,415	2,285	20,300	15,845	4,450
$80,000 to $89,999	2,960	2,005	950	5,950	4,175	1,775
$90,000 to $99,999	1,820	1,400	420	3,900	3,030	870
$100,000 and over	4,925	4,005	920	10,445	8,640	1,805
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	79,825	39,340	40,480	163,655	81,450	82,200
Without employment income	17,510	7,195	10,315	38,110	15,755	22,355
With employment income	62,315	32,145	30,170	125,545	65,695	59,850
Percentage with employment income	78.1	81.7	74.5	76.7	80.7	72.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,490	2,685	3,800	14,885	6,355	8,530
$5,000 to $9,999	4,180	1,660	2,520	8,905	3,580	5,320
$10,000 to $19,999	7,100	2,735	4,360	14,575	5,710	8,870
$20,000 to $29,999	6,485	2,565	3,915	12,665	4,975	7,690
$30,000 to $39,999	6,860	2,880	3,980	12,735	5,275	7,460
$40,000 to $49,999	6,040	2,840	3,200	11,480	5,355	6,125
$50,000 to $59,999	5,065	2,605	2,465	9,805	5,030	4,780
$60,000 to $69,999	4,020	2,345	1,680	8,010	4,820	3,190
$70,000 to $79,999	3,320	2,175	1,145	6,605	4,410	2,200
$80,000 and over	12,755	9,650	3,105	25,880	20,195	5,680
$80,000 to $89,999	2,700	1,785	915	5,425	3,765	1,660
$90,000 to $99,999	2,430	1,585	845	4,775	3,230	1,550
$100,000 and over	7,625	6,280	1,345	15,680	13,200	2,475
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	39,985	...	...	80,650	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	85,794	...	...	87,260	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	73,869	...	...	75,297	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	10,655	...	...	19,415	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	43,491	...	...	42,521	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	38,104	...	...	37,528	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	29,330	...	...	61,235	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	104,192	...	...	104,080	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	89,092	...	...	88,940	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	39,980	...	...	80,650	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	110,394	...	...	114,966	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	90,277	...	...	93,688	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	10,650	...	...	19,445	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	58,122	...	...	60,296	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	47,807	...	...	49,291	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	29,330	...	...	61,200	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	129,384	...	...	132,337	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	105,704	...	...	107,795	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	39,985	...	...	80,650	...	...
Under $5,000	470	...	...	1,070	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	385	...	...	745	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	430	...	...	905	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,120	...	...	2,040	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,610	...	...	3,155	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,195	...	...	2,325	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,280	...	...	2,525	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,385	...	...	2,800	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,430	...	...	2,745	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,375	...	...	2,645	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,740	...	...	5,495	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,610	...	...	5,210	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,585	...	...	5,095	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,380	...	...	4,860	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,265	...	...	4,570	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,735	...	...	34,455	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,920	...	...	9,940	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,655	...	...	7,600	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,365	...	...	9,085	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,795	...	...	7,825	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	39,980	...	...	80,650	...	...
Under $5,000	505	...	...	1,170	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	390	...	...	760	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	460	...	...	950	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,175	...	...	2,140	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,745	...	...	3,410	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,380	...	...	2,675	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,515	...	...	2,915	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,665	...	...	3,285	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,805	...	...	3,435	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,635	...	...	3,255	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,305	...	...	6,640	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,215	...	...	6,375	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,030	...	...	6,240	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,935	...	...	5,860	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,500	...	...	5,170	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,730	...	...	26,365	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,935	...	...	10,285	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,095	...	...	6,480	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,700	...	...	9,600	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	27,135	...	...	57,815	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	102,728	...	...	102,559	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	87,715	...	...	87,588	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	10,315	...	...	23,160	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	97,752	...	...	94,756	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	83,456	...	...	81,296	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	11,490	...	...	24,790	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	127,124	...	...	126,824	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	106,807	...	...	106,442	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,400	...	...	8,235	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	55,072	...	...	55,176	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	51,120	...	...	51,194	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	27,210	...	...	57,835	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	128,668	...	...	131,631	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	104,771	...	...	106,983	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	10,275	...	...	23,175	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	119,332	...	...	127,478	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	96,518	...	...	102,114	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	11,495	...	...	24,805	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	159,619	...	...	155,963	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	129,064	...	...	126,789	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,420	...	...	8,255	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	74,926	...	...	74,075	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	64,089	...	...	63,618	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	17,730	9,190	8,535	30,770	16,300	14,465
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	39,092	44,681	34,254	39,283	46,065	33,629
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	34,750	38,814	31,113	34,992	39,767	30,766
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	17,605	9,000	8,605	30,640	16,055	14,585
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	51,858	59,448	43,918	54,146	64,440	42,815
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	43,101	48,504	37,449	44,663	51,832	36,772
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	98,480	48,920	49,555	204,550	102,505	102,040
In the bottom half of the distribution	41,105	19,320	21,785	85,335	40,715	44,620
In the bottom decile	7,385	3,460	3,920	15,780	7,545	8,230
In the second decile	7,930	3,540	4,385	15,435	6,955	8,480
In the third decile	8,025	3,725	4,295	16,920	7,980	8,940
In the fourth decile	8,525	4,085	4,435	17,825	8,610	9,215
In the fifth decile	9,245	4,510	4,735	19,370	9,620	9,750
In the top half of the distribution	57,375	29,595	27,780	119,215	61,795	57,420
In the sixth decile	9,860	4,940	4,920	20,330	10,250	10,080
In the seventh decile	10,200	5,160	5,040	21,375	10,935	10,440
In the eighth decile	11,135	5,730	5,405	23,420	12,140	11,280
In the ninth decile	12,400	6,420	5,985	25,485	13,225	12,260
In the top decile	13,785	7,355	6,425	28,600	15,240	13,360
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	98,475	48,920	49,560	200,525	100,440	100,090
0 to 17 years	22,180	11,370	10,810	46,920	24,130	22,790
0 to 5 years	7,600	3,920	3,680	16,020	8,280	7,735
18 to 64 years	65,600	32,680	32,920	129,535	64,815	64,715
65 years and over	10,700	4,870	5,830	24,070	11,490	12,580
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,895	4,510	5,385	18,970	8,730	10,235
0 to 17 years	3,205	1,700	1,510	6,055	3,170	2,890
0 to 5 years	1,170	610	555	2,140	1,130	1,015
18 to 64 years	5,810	2,535	3,280	10,845	4,810	6,035
65 years and over	875	280	590	2,065	750	1,315
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.0	9.2	10.9	9.5	8.7	10.2
0 to 17 years (%)	14.4	15.0	14.0	12.9	13.1	12.7
0 to 5 years (%)	15.4	15.6	15.1	13.4	13.6	13.1
18 to 64 years (%)	8.9	7.8	10.0	8.4	7.4	9.3
65 years and over (%)	8.2	5.7	10.1	8.6	6.5	10.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	6,060	2,875	3,185	10,265	4,910	5,360
0 to 17 years	1,855	1,000	850	3,180	1,685	1,495
0 to 5 years	660	340	320	1,125	590	540
18 to 64 years	4,025	1,795	2,225	6,710	3,060	3,650
65 years and over	185	75	110	375	165	205
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.2	5.9	6.4	5.1	4.9	5.4
0 to 17 years (%)	8.4	8.8	7.9	6.8	7.0	6.6
0 to 5 years (%)	8.7	8.7	8.7	7.0	7.1	7.0
18 to 64 years (%)	6.1	5.5	6.8	5.2	4.7	5.6
65 years and over (%)	1.7	1.5	1.9	1.6	1.4	1.6
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	98,480	48,920	49,560	204,545	102,510	102,040
Official languages	97,705	48,600	49,100	203,565	102,070	101,490
English	97,640	48,580	49,060	203,460	102,030	101,425
French	5,495	2,445	3,050	9,545	4,275	5,275
Non-official languages	17,275	8,430	8,845	26,420	12,880	13,545
Aboriginal languages	190	75	115	1,630	785	850
Algonquian languages	150	50	100	1,580	765	820
Blackfoot	15	10	10	20	0	10
Cree-Montagnais languages	125	40	85	1,535	740	795
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	10	0	0	10	0	0
Plains Cree	30	0	30	95	30	65
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	10	10	0	10	0	10
Cree, n.o.s.	85	40	50	1,430	705	725
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	10	0	30	20	15
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	15	10	0	30	20	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	15	15	10	30	15	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	15	0	25	15	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	10	10	10	10	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	10	0	10	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	10	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	10	0	0	10	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	15	0	10	15	0	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	10	0	10	0	0	10
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	10	0	0	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	10	15	0	30	20	10
Dakota	10	0	0	20	15	10
Stoney	10	10	0	10	10	10
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	17,085	8,355	8,730	24,805	12,105	12,705
Afro-Asiatic languages	950	500	445	1,005	535	470
Berber languages	20	15	0	15	10	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	10	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	10	10	0
Cushitic languages	110	50	65	110	50	60
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	10
Somali	110	50	55	105	50	55
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	825	450	380	885	485	400
Amharic	35	15	20	35	10	20
Arabic	755	410	345	810	440	360
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	25	15	0	25	20	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	60	35	25	60	35	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	10	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	320	130	190	365	145	215
Khmer (Cambodian)	145	50	95	150	50	100
Vietnamese	185	80	105	225	105	120
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5,765	2,665	3,095	7,130	3,270	3,860
Bikol	15	0	15	15	0	10
Cebuano	190	70	120	215	80	140
Fijian	10	0	10	0	0	10
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ilocano	285	100	180	385	150	235
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	40	30	10	75	50	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	90	45	45	100	45	55
Pangasinan	10	0	0	20	15	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5,590	2,580	3,015	6,895	3,145	3,750
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	15	10	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	25	25	0	20
Creole languages	35	25	15	75	40	40
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	10	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	0	50	20	30
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	20	0	20	15	10
Dravidian languages	190	95	95	245	130	110
Kannada	0	0	0	15	10	10
Malayalam	90	45	40	105	55	50
Tamil	80	35	45	115	60	55
Telugu	35	15	15	40	25	15
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	7,765	3,950	3,815	13,100	6,570	6,535
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	10	10	0	10	10	10
Balto-Slavic languages	1,675	855	820	2,275	1,120	1,150
Baltic languages	40	15	25	35	20	20
Latvian	25	15	10	25	15	15
Lithuanian	15	0	10	10	0	10
Slavic languages	1,645	840	800	2,240	1,105	1,135
Belarusan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Bosnian	75	35	40	75	35	45
Bulgarian	15	15	0	15	15	0
Croatian	130	55	80	155	60	90
Czech	25	10	15	40	15	25
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	205	105	105	310	135	170
Russian	685	375	305	950	500	445
Serbian	120	55	70	130	55	70
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	20	30	0	20
Slovak	10	10	10	25	10	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	0	0	0	10
Ukrainian	725	395	330	960	515	450
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	0	25	10	15
Celtic languages	15	10	10	40	25	15
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	0	0
Welsh	15	10	10	25	20	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	10	0	10
Germanic languages	1,420	700	720	4,790	2,430	2,355
Afrikaans	170	85	80	375	180	195
Danish	40	10	30	190	80	110
Dutch	285	115	175	1,700	875	825
Frisian	10	10	0	60	45	15
German	900	490	410	2,515	1,320	1,200
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	10	40	0	35
Swedish	35	15	20	70	25	40
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0	30	15	15
Yiddish	0	0	0	10	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Greek	20	10	15	110	55	60
Indo-Iranian languages	1,580	855	725	1,780	970	815
Indo-Aryan languages	1,185	645	545	1,380	750	630
Bengali	110	50	55	110	55	60
Gujarati	85	40	45	95	45	50
Hindi	500	275	220	560	315	245
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	10	0
Konkani	15	10	10	15	10	0
Marathi	10	0	0	15	10	0
Nepali	10	10	10	15	10	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	370	205	170	455	250	210
Sindhi	25	15	10	20	10	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	110	60	45	125	75	55
Urdu	255	145	110	320	190	135
Iranian languages	400	215	185	405	225	185
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	65	35	30	65	35	35
Persian (Farsi)	355	195	155	360	195	160
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,205	1,595	1,610	4,425	2,130	2,295
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	155	80	75	280	140	135
Portuguese	135	50	90	185	80	105
Romanian	210	105	100	240	125	115
Spanish	2,760	1,385	1,375	3,820	1,850	1,975
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	10	0	10
Japanese	110	55	55	200	100	95
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	265	130	135	450	225	225
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	465	225	240	545	275	275
Akan (Twi)	70	20	55	110	45	65
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	20	10	10
Ganda	0	0	10	0	0	0
Igbo	140	65	75	140	70	75
Lingala	15	10	0	20	10	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	0	0	10	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	10	0	10	10	0
Shona	0	0	0	15	10	10
Swahili	85	55	30	100	55	45
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	55	25	30	65	35	30
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	95	50	45	125	70	55
Nilo-Saharan languages	65	35	30	65	35	25
Dinka	60	35	30	60	35	30
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	200	100	105	320	145	175
American Sign Language	100	50	45	135	60	80
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	105	45	55	190	85	100
Sino-Tibetan languages	985	480	505	1,200	585	620
Chinese languages	975	475	495	1,170	565	600
Cantonese	635	315	320	710	345	365
Hakka	10	10	10	15	10	0
Mandarin	375	170	205	475	210	260
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	0	10	0	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	25	20	65	40	25
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	10	0	35	15	20
Burmese	10	0	0	10	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	10	10	0
Tai-Kadai languages	105	40	65	180	75	110
Lao	65	35	30	60	30	30
Thai	40	0	35	120	40	80
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	25	15	10	25	15	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	0	0	10	10	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	20	10	10	15	15	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	150	80	70	245	130	120
Estonian	10	0	0	25	10	20
Finnish	35	20	15	60	30	30
Hungarian	110	60	50	165	95	75
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	70	35	40	95	55	40
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	98,475	48,920	49,555	204,550	102,510	102,040
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	90,255	44,915	45,335	192,950	96,860	96,085
Canadian citizens aged under 18	20,535	10,510	10,025	46,510	23,965	22,550
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	69,725	34,410	35,310	146,440	72,900	73,540
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	8,225	4,000	4,225	11,595	5,645	5,955
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	98,480	48,920	49,560	204,545	102,510	102,040
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	82,395	41,045	41,350	180,735	90,895	89,845
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	14,680	7,205	7,480	21,800	10,620	11,185
Before 1981	2,215	1,080	1,135	4,485	2,140	2,345
1981 to 1990	1,105	550	560	1,830	885	945
1991 to 2000	1,595	750	840	2,730	1,310	1,420
2001 to 2010	4,530	2,230	2,300	6,160	2,995	3,160
2001 to 2005	1,580	815	765	2,205	1,100	1,105
2006 to 2010	2,950	1,410	1,540	3,955	1,900	2,055
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	5,235	2,595	2,640	6,605	3,285	3,320
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	1,400	670	730	2,010	995	1,010
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	14,685	7,205	7,475	21,800	10,615	11,185
Under 5 years	1,230	630	595	2,125	1,040	1,085
5 to 14 years	2,980	1,595	1,385	4,580	2,435	2,145
15 to 24 years	2,670	1,280	1,390	4,140	1,965	2,170
25 to 44 years	6,715	3,160	3,550	9,445	4,425	5,025
45 years and over	1,095	535	560	1,505	755	755
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	14,685	7,205	7,475	21,800	10,615	11,185
Americas	2,295	1,115	1,180	3,525	1,595	1,930
Brazil	30	0	25	40	10	30
Colombia	310	155	160	360	170	195
El Salvador	605	325	280	650	345	305
Guyana	45	20	25	65	30	35
Haiti	0	0	0	65	20	40
Jamaica	20	10	10	60	30	30
Mexico	135	55	80	210	85	125
Peru	25	0	20	45	15	25
Trinidad and Tobago	35	10	30	60	15	45
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	645	270	370	1,375	540	840
Other places of birth in Americas	445	260	180	590	330	260
Europe	3,255	1,620	1,635	6,875	3,425	3,450
Bosnia and Herzegovina	90	30	65	95	30	70
Croatia	60	30	35	65	25	35
France	10	10	0	40	20	20
Germany	330	180	145	710	345	365
Greece	10	10	10	75	40	35
Hungary	50	25	25	75	40	30
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	65	45	15	90	65	25
Italy	55	25	30	85	40	50
Netherlands	265	130	140	1,380	735	650
Poland	145	70	80	205	100	105
Portugal	45	20	25	60	35	25
Romania	180	90	90	215	120	95
Russian Federation	130	55	75	235	95	135
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	25	25	0	35	25	10
Ukraine	415	240	175	470	270	200
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	1,080	505	575	2,305	1,085	1,215
Other places of birth in Europe	300	145	155	745	355	385
Africa	1,160	635	530	1,515	825	695
Algeria	25	10	10	30	15	15
Egypt	60	40	15	70	45	25
Ethiopia	40	20	20	40	15	20
Kenya	25	15	0	35	20	15
Morocco	20	15	10	20	15	10
Nigeria	190	100	85	210	115	95
Somalia	65	45	25	70	45	25
South Africa, Republic of	165	80	85	370	180	185
Other places of birth in Africa	575	310	265	675	370	305
Asia	7,830	3,780	4,050	9,645	4,655	4,990
Afghanistan	170	100	65	180	105	75
Bangladesh	55	25	25	65	40	30
China^{Census data footnote 59}	445	215	235	525	245	275
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	130	65	65	150	75	75
India	600	350	255	695	405	290
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	75	35	35	75	35	35
Iraq	20	10	10	15	0	10
Japan	20	0	20	35	0	40
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	185	90	90	315	155	155
Lebanon	75	35	40	85	45	40
Pakistan	235	130	110	285	165	125
Philippines	4,820	2,260	2,560	5,990	2,785	3,205
Sri Lanka	100	55	40	120	75	50
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	185	90	95	185	90	95
Taiwan	0	0	10	10	0	0
Viet Nam	245	120	135	280	135	145
Other places of birth in Asia	460	205	260	645	305	340
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	140	60	85	240	115	125
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	5,235	2,595	2,640	6,600	3,285	3,320
Americas	465	235	225	600	290	315
Brazil	15	0	10	15	0	10
Colombia	50	20	20	60	30	35
Cuba	0	0	0	0	10	0
Haiti	0	0	0	15	10	10
Jamaica	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mexico	80	35	45	100	45	55
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	90	55	35	140	65	75
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	10	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Americas	215	115	105	250	130	115
Europe	575	330	240	840	485	355
France	0	0	0	10	0	0
Germany	20	15	10	35	20	10
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	15	10	10	25	15	10
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	20	10	10	20	10	15
Romania	50	25	30	55	25	30
Russian Federation	25	10	15	35	15	25
Ukraine	325	190	130	355	205	145
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	50	35	15	175	115	60
Other places of birth in Europe	55	35	20	135	80	55
Africa	350	170	180	425	210	215
Algeria	0	0	0	10	0	0
Cameroon	55	25	30	55	20	30
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	20	15	0	20	20	0
Eritrea	15	10	10	20	0	10
Ethiopia	15	10	10	20	10	10
Morocco	10	10	0	10	10	0
Nigeria	105	50	55	110	60	55
Somalia	15	0	10	15	10	10
South Africa, Republic of	35	15	20	75	30	40
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	75	40	40	90	40	50
Asia	3,815	1,830	1,985	4,690	2,265	2,420
Afghanistan	70	30	40	70	30	45
Bangladesh	0	0	0	10	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	65	20	45	90	30	60
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	10	0	0	0	0	10
India	270	170	105	290	180	105
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	10	0	10	10	0	10
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	55	30	30	80	45	35
Lebanon	10	0	10	10	0	10
Nepal	10	0	10	15	10	10
Pakistan	35	15	20	50	25	20
Philippines	2,900	1,380	1,515	3,620	1,740	1,880
Saudi Arabia	10	0	10	15	0	15
Sri Lanka	45	25	20	50	25	25
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	180	85	95	180	85	95
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	20	10	15	20	10	15
Other places of birth in Asia	125	65	60	180	95	90
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	40	30	10	45	40	10
Australia	0	10	0	10	10	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	30	25	10	35	30	10
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	98,480	48,920	49,555	204,550	102,505	102,040
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	16,520	8,090	8,440	24,730	12,065	12,670
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	14,965	7,195	7,770	29,580	14,550	15,030
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	66,990	33,635	33,350	150,235	75,895	74,340
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	12,575	6,165	6,410	17,555	8,585	8,970
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	7,770	3,975	3,795	11,240	5,680	5,555
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	3,095	1,800	1,295	4,340	2,670	1,675
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	4,680	2,175	2,500	6,900	3,015	3,880
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	2,860	1,145	1,715	4,115	1,690	2,425
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	1,845	990	850	2,060	1,130	930
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	100	50	55	135	75	65
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	98,475	48,920	49,555	204,550	102,505	102,040
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	5,185	2,520	2,670	14,695	7,210	7,485
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	5,030	2,425	2,605	14,435	7,080	7,355
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	2,055	1,020	1,030	8,130	4,030	4,095
Métis	2,920	1,365	1,550	6,185	2,970	3,215
Inuk (Inuit)	55	40	20	120	75	45
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	110	65	40	155	95	55
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	45	25	20	110	40	70
Non-Aboriginal identity	93,295	46,400	46,890	189,850	95,295	94,555
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	98,475	48,920	49,555	204,545	102,510	102,040
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	1,555	760	795	7,165	3,500	3,665
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	96,925	48,165	48,760	197,380	99,005	98,375
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	98,475	48,920	49,555	204,550	102,505	102,040
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	1,150	600	550	5,995	3,065	2,930
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	1,110	580	530	5,915	3,025	2,895
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	690	370	325	5,125	2,630	2,500
Métis single ancestry	395	190	200	750	380	375
Inuit single ancestry	30	15	15	35	15	20
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	35	20	10	75	40	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	30	15	15	70	40	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	5,810	2,690	3,125	12,455	5,925	6,525
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	5,615	2,580	3,030	11,995	5,700	6,295
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,180	1,435	1,750	6,680	3,095	3,585
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,380	1,120	1,265	5,200	2,550	2,650
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	50	35	15	115	60	60
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	200	110	90	455	225	235
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	180	95	80	425	200	215
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	10	15	0	10
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	10	10	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	91,520	45,630	45,885	186,105	93,520	92,580
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	98,480	48,920	49,555	204,550	102,510	102,040
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	15,230	7,395	7,835	19,170	9,335	9,830
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	1,665	875	790	2,080	1,120	955
Chinese	1,395	695	700	1,680	825	855
Black	1,735	835	895	2,455	1,205	1,255
Filipino	6,230	2,900	3,335	7,800	3,635	4,160
Latin American	1,765	935	835	2,070	1,075	995
Arab	475	240	230	510	265	245
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	660	275	380	795	340	460
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	440	230	215	445	230	215
Korean	280	140	145	470	235	235
Japanese	125	65	60	265	130	140
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	105	60	45	130	75	60
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	350	155	195	460	200	255
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	83,240	41,525	41,720	185,380	93,170	92,205
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	98,480	48,920	49,555	204,545	102,505	102,040
North American Aboriginal origins	6,960	3,290	3,670	18,445	8,985	9,455
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,090	1,920	2,170	12,320	5,970	6,345
Inuit	105	65	40	195	100	95
Métis	3,000	1,430	1,570	6,465	3,180	3,285
Other North American origins	27,345	13,860	13,490	60,605	30,890	29,715
Acadian	105	65	35	185	95	85
American	2,035	950	1,090	4,425	2,140	2,285
Canadian	25,900	13,165	12,735	57,530	29,355	28,175
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	55	20	35	130	65	65
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	10	0	10	20	0	20
Québécois	25	10	15	40	15	25
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	70,205	34,435	35,760	151,275	75,120	76,155
British Isles origins	45,715	22,220	23,490	99,340	48,575	50,760
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	10
English	26,135	12,540	13,600	57,640	27,780	29,865
Irish	16,855	7,930	8,925	35,840	16,920	18,925
Manx	30	10	15	35	10	25
Scottish	20,020	9,850	10,165	44,625	21,945	22,685
Welsh	2,375	1,090	1,275	5,440	2,555	2,880
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	2,395	1,125	1,270	4,500	2,090	2,415
French origins	10,945	5,245	5,700	21,835	10,620	11,220
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	10,945	5,250	5,695	21,835	10,620	11,220
Western European origins (except French origins)	25,850	12,450	13,400	59,405	29,065	30,340
Austrian	855	470	385	1,660	850	805
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Belgian	565	255	310	1,135	565	570
Dutch	5,155	2,480	2,670	14,200	7,085	7,115
Flemish	100	50	50	185	95	95
Frisian	15	10	10	30	25	10
German	20,795	10,020	10,775	45,710	22,180	23,535
Luxembourger	10	0	10	0	0	10
Swiss	625	250	370	1,715	760	950
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	40	20	20	90	35	50
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	10,855	5,105	5,755	25,175	11,920	13,250
Danish	2,110	1,020	1,090	4,990	2,395	2,590
Finnish	615	335	285	1,470	750	720
Icelandic	880	440	440	1,700	835	865
Norwegian	4,930	2,220	2,715	12,175	5,570	6,600
Swedish	3,080	1,440	1,640	7,100	3,395	3,700
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	425	245	185	1,005	520	485
Eastern European origins	16,595	8,095	8,505	33,360	16,370	16,985
Bulgarian	25	20	10	70	40	25
Byelorussian	30	25	10	75	40	30
Czech	450	185	265	955	450	505
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	350	180	170	705	325	380
Estonian	115	50	65	270	130	140
Hungarian	1,455	685	770	3,245	1,570	1,680
Latvian	105	50	50	150	75	80
Lithuanian	110	50	55	175	80	90
Moldovan	30	15	10	55	15	40
Polish	3,810	1,855	1,950	8,025	3,870	4,150
Romanian	790	385	410	1,580	790	790
Russian	3,195	1,540	1,655	6,080	2,975	3,105
Slovak	130	55	75	260	115	145
Ukrainian	8,530	4,210	4,320	17,080	8,485	8,595
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	55	30	20	75	50	30
Southern European origins	4,295	2,045	2,250	7,600	3,620	3,980
Albanian	15	10	10	20	15	10
Bosnian	75	25	45	90	30	60
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	195	75	120	340	145	195
Cypriot	0	0	0	10	0	0
Greek	160	85	75	525	280	245
Italian	2,070	995	1,070	3,935	1,880	2,050
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Maltese	35	20	15	70	40	35
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	395	165	230	550	245	310
Serbian	145	65	80	160	75	85
Sicilian	10	10	0	20	15	10
Slovenian	35	15	15	70	30	40
Spanish	1,280	635	645	1,870	900	970
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	95	50	45	215	100	115
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	545	310	235	1,075	645	435
Basque	15	15	0	15	15	0
Jewish	155	65	85	265	130	135
Roma (Gypsy)	15	15	0	55	20	35
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	20	10	10	40	15	30
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	340	205	135	695	460	235
Caribbean origins	410	195	215	830	415	415
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	25	10	10	95	60	35
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	50	25	20	55	30	20
Dominican	65	35	25	65	40	25
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	20	10	10	120	70	55
Jamaican	160	70	95	325	130	200
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	20	10	10	20	10	10
St. Lucian	15	10	10	25	15	15
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	50	30	25	85	55	30
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	15	0	10	30	10	25
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	15	10	10	50	30	20
Latin, Central and South American origins	2,035	1,065	970	2,650	1,325	1,325
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	65	45	15	85	50	35
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	25	0	20	40	10	35
Belizean	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bolivian	10	10	10	15	10	0
Brazilian	35	15	25	55	15	40
Chilean	110	60	50	140	75	65
Colombian	380	180	200	485	230	260
Costa Rican	20	15	0	35	15	15
Ecuadorian	10	0	0	20	10	0
Guatemalan	95	60	30	110	70	40
Guyanese	50	25	25	70	25	40
Hispanic	85	45	35	90	50	40
Honduran	55	25	30	55	25	35
Maya	15	10	0	20	10	10
Mexican	315	145	170	595	255	335
Nicaraguan	50	35	15	60	45	20
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	10	0	10	15	10	10
Peruvian	30	20	15	55	30	25
Salvadorean	615	335	280	670	360	315
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	25	15	15	25	20	10
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	115	75	45	145	85	55
African origins	2,040	1,020	1,020	2,630	1,315	1,315
Central and West African origins	545	280	265	675	345	335
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	10	0	0	10	0	10
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	110	55	50	105	55	55
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	30	20	10	30	25	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	55	30	25	120	60	60
Guinean	10	10	10	10	10	0
Ibo	95	45	55	105	50	55
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	15	10	10	10	10	10
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	250	130	120	275	145	135
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	10	10	10	25	10	10
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	10	25	10	10
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	35	20	15	35	20	15
North African origins	390	215	180	435	235	200
Algerian	35	10	20	45	25	20
Berber	35	25	10	35	25	0
Coptic	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dinka	50	30	20	50	25	20
Egyptian	85	40	40	110	50	55
Libyan	35	10	15	30	15	20
Maure	10	10	0	0	10	0
Moroccan	25	15	10	30	20	10
Sudanese	150	75	75	150	75	75
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	10	0
Southern and East African origins	570	275	300	830	400	435
Afrikaner	15	0	10	20	15	10
Amhara	10	0	10	10	10	10
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	20	15	0	20	15	10
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	50	15	30	45	15	30
Ethiopian	35	10	25	40	20	25
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	15	15	10	25	15	10
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	20	20	0	20	15	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	10	10	0	10	10	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	120	55	65	115	55	65
South African	195	80	115	405	180	225
Tanzanian	35	15	15	30	15	15
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	40	30	15	40	30	10
Zulu	0	0	0	15	0	10
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	40	20	25	80	35	45
Other African origins	570	270	290	730	355	365
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	80	40	40	85	45	45
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	500	235	260	645	315	330
Asian origins	12,060	5,795	6,265	15,265	7,375	7,890
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	1,140	595	545	1,330	695	630
Afghan	325	165	165	335	165	165
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	120	55	70	130	55	75
Armenian	10	10	0	15	10	10
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	10	0	10	10	0	10
Georgian	20	15	10	20	15	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	110	55	60	130	65	65
Iraqi	0	10	0	0	0	0
Israeli	20	15	0	30	25	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Kazakh	25	10	20	30	10	15
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	10	10	0	10	0	10
Kyrgyz	10	10	10	15	10	10
Lebanese	175	100	75	250	135	110
Palestinian	50	30	25	50	30	20
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	200	105	100	215	110	100
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	35	25	10	75	50	30
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	15	10	0	15	10	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	25	10	15	35	10	20
South Asian origins	1,710	895	815	2,140	1,135	1,000
Bangladeshi	50	25	25	55	30	25
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	1,205	620	585	1,550	820	730
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	10	0	10
Pakistani	240	130	115	240	125	115
Punjabi	75	35	45	125	55	70
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	10	0
Sri Lankan	105	60	45	135	80	55
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	65	45	20	70	50	20
East and Southeast Asian origins	9,180	4,310	4,870	11,770	5,545	6,225
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	175	65	105	175	65	105
Chinese	2,020	950	1,070	2,485	1,155	1,325
Filipino	6,500	3,035	3,465	8,150	3,805	4,340
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	15	10	10	85	50	40
Japanese	210	90	125	395	180	215
Karen	0	0	0	25	15	10
Korean	290	145	150	480	240	240
Laotian	75	45	25	70	45	25
Malaysian	15	10	0	20	10	10
Mongolian	15	10	0	20	15	0
Singaporean	15	0	10	15	10	10
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	10
Thai	70	25	45	160	70	85
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	310	125	185	365	150	215
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	85	30	60	95	35	60
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	90	35	60	95	35	60
Oceania origins	340	120	225	600	275	330
Australian	175	65	110	310	155	160
New Zealander	85	15	65	185	75	115
Pacific Islands origins	90	40	50	120	55	65
Fijian	40	20	25	45	20	30
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Maori	25	0	20	30	10	20
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	25	15	10	25	15	10
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	39,980	...	...	80,650	...	...
Owner	26,260	...	...	58,350	...	...
Renter	13,720	...	...	21,400	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	895	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	39,985	...	...	80,645	...	...
Condominium	5,730	...	...	7,805	...	...
Not condominium	34,250	...	...	72,850	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	39,980	...	...	80,645	...	...
No bedrooms	180	...	...	235	...	...
1 bedroom	4,025	...	...	5,665	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,155	...	...	16,705	...	...
3 bedrooms	12,190	...	...	26,505	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	14,435	...	...	31,535	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	39,985	...	...	80,650	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	9,945	...	...	15,550	...	...
5 rooms	6,095	...	...	12,545	...	...
6 rooms	5,390	...	...	11,640	...	...
7 rooms	5,475	...	...	11,370	...	...
8 or more rooms	13,065	...	...	29,555	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	39,985	...	...	80,650	...	...
One person or fewer per room	39,460	...	...	79,605	...	...
More than 1 person per room	525	...	...	1,045	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	39,980	...	...	80,650	...	...
Suitable	38,565	...	...	78,145	...	...
Not suitable	1,415	...	...	2,505	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	39,985	...	...	80,650	...	...
1960 or before	3,090	...	...	8,595	...	...
1961 to 1980	11,025	...	...	20,425	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,700	...	...	10,760	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,455	...	...	12,260	...	...
2001 to 2005	5,695	...	...	9,655	...	...
2006 to 2010	5,535	...	...	10,780	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	3,495	...	...	8,180	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	39,985	...	...	80,650	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	38,195	...	...	75,865	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,785	...	...	4,790	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	39,985	...	...	80,650	...	...
1 household maintainer	23,140	...	...	47,035	...	...
2 household maintainers	15,475	...	...	31,580	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	1,365	...	...	2,035	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	39,985	...	...	80,650	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,035	...	...	3,335	...	...
25 to 34 years	7,770	...	...	14,805	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,050	...	...	15,240	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,640	...	...	15,690	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,475	...	...	15,795	...	...
65 to 74 years	4,075	...	...	9,300	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,310	...	...	5,060	...	...
85 years and over	625	...	...	1,425	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	39,800	...	...	76,585	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	31,040	...	...	61,020	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,760	...	...	15,565	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,735	...	...	13,655	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	26,255	...	...	55,575	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	65.8	...	...	65.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	13.7	...	...	14.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,460	...	...	1,420	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,434	...	...	1,416	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	348,457	...	...	348,201	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	370,299	...	...	385,305	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	13,720	...	...	21,295	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	10.3	...	...	9.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	38.1	...	...	36.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,144	...	...	1,152	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,183	...	...	1,181	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	79,820	39,340	40,480	163,660	81,455	82,200
No certificate, diploma or degree	14,130	7,620	6,510	31,520	17,215	14,305
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	25,055	12,560	12,490	50,380	24,830	25,550
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	40,640	19,160	21,480	81,755	39,405	42,355
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,985	6,880	2,105	20,965	16,450	4,515
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	2,535	1,460	1,075	5,620	3,270	2,350
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	6,450	5,420	1,035	15,345	13,175	2,165
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	16,520	5,945	10,575	34,655	12,470	22,185
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,065	780	1,285	4,345	1,500	2,840
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	13,075	5,560	7,520	21,795	8,985	12,810
Bachelor's degree	9,725	3,790	5,930	16,300	6,130	10,170
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	745	370	375	1,195	560	630
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	515	355	165	815	565	250
Master's degree	1,910	930	975	3,115	1,520	1,600
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	180	110	75	370	210	160
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	56,140	27,705	28,435	113,640	56,475	57,165
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,735	3,805	2,930	14,815	8,485	6,330
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	16,395	8,395	8,000	33,325	16,650	16,675
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	33,015	15,505	17,510	65,500	31,345	34,160
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,045	5,475	1,575	16,375	13,080	3,295
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	1,875	1,090	780	4,100	2,475	1,625
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	5,170	4,380	795	12,275	10,605	1,675
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	13,255	4,805	8,450	27,810	9,875	17,935
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,640	670	975	3,250	1,250	1,995
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	11,070	4,555	6,510	18,070	7,140	10,925
Bachelor's degree	8,290	3,200	5,090	13,555	4,990	8,565
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	605	280	325	965	415	550
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	445	290	155	690	455	235
Master's degree	1,610	720	890	2,630	1,160	1,470
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	125	70	55	235	120	115
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	79,820	39,340	40,480	163,655	81,455	82,205
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	39,180	20,185	19,000	81,900	42,050	39,850
Education	3,365	845	2,520	6,560	1,510	5,050
13. Education	3,365	845	2,520	6,560	1,510	5,045
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,000	470	530	1,740	745	1,000
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	215	160	55	305	220	90
50. Visual and performing arts	790	310	475	1,435	525	905
Humanities	1,210	530	680	2,300	1,020	1,275
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	85	20	65	135	25	105
23. English language and literature/letters	265	80	180	420	105	315
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	245	70	170	475	155	320
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	80	35	40	205	115	85
39. Theology and religious vocations	370	220	155	820	475	350
54. History	125	85	45	210	130	80
55. French language and literature/letters	30	15	15	35	20	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,250	795	2,455	5,595	1,350	4,235
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	0	50	85	10	80
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	340	140	200	490	210	280
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	930	40	890	1,665	80	1,590
22. Legal professions and studies	575	155	425	1,155	240	915
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	45	10	35	90	25	70
42. Psychology	580	115	465	925	220	705
45. Social sciences	730	330	400	1,175	575	600
Business, management and public administration	7,680	2,345	5,335	14,710	3,975	10,735
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	45	0	45
44. Public administration and social service professions	650	120	530	1,285	225	1,060
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,010	2,220	4,790	13,385	3,750	9,635
Physical and life sciences and technologies	895	415	480	1,600	790	805
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	300	130	170	520	210	305
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	175	90	85	380	185	195
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	15	0	15	20	10	15
40. Physical sciences	210	105	105	335	195	140
41. Science technologies/technicians	190	90	105	345	200	150
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	985	570	415	1,600	840	760
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	845	530	315	1,330	760	565
25. Library science	50	0	50	130	0	130
27. Mathematics and statistics	90	40	50	145	70	70
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	10,560	9,740	815	23,170	21,670	1,500
04. Architecture and related services	180	105	75	305	165	140
14. Engineering	1,375	1,115	260	2,025	1,680	350
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,945	1,750	200	3,945	3,545	400
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,790	2,700	90	6,240	6,060	180
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,045	2,920	125	7,185	6,895	290
48. Precision production	1,220	1,155	70	3,475	3,335	145
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	910	605	310	3,365	2,225	1,140
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	645	420	225	2,695	1,800	895
03. Natural resources and conservation	265	185	80	675	425	250
Health and related fields	7,965	1,620	6,345	15,235	2,700	12,535
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	545	240	300	945	400	545
51. Health professions and related programs	7,325	1,305	6,015	14,135	2,180	11,955
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	95	70	25	155	115	40
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,825	1,220	1,600	5,880	2,575	3,305
12. Personal and culinary services	1,875	400	1,470	3,700	725	2,980
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	25	20	0
43. Security and protective services	370	255	110	875	600	270
49. Transportation and materials moving	560	540	20	1,270	1,220	50
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	56,140	27,705	28,435	113,640	56,475	57,165
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	23,125	12,195	10,925	48,135	25,130	23,005
Education	2,515	550	1,965	4,735	960	3,775
13. Education	2,515	550	1,965	4,735	965	3,770
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	775	350	430	1,315	505	815
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	165	115	50	220	145	75
50. Visual and performing arts	615	235	375	1,095	360	730
Humanities	965	415	545	1,765	765	1,000
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	80	20	60	120	20	100
23. English language and literature/letters	205	55	150	325	80	245
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	190	65	135	340	120	225
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	60	20	35	140	75	65
39. Theology and religious vocations	310	180	130	675	370	310
54. History	105	75	30	155	95	60
55. French language and literature/letters	15	10	10	15	10	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,740	620	2,120	4,685	1,035	3,650
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	0	45	80	0	75
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	310	130	180	435	185	250
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	790	20	770	1,410	50	1,360
22. Legal professions and studies	470	105	365	970	160	810
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	40	10	30	80	25	55
42. Psychology	455	70	385	725	125	595
45. Social sciences	630	285	345	985	480	505
Business, management and public administration	6,440	1,980	4,465	12,115	3,285	8,835
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	10	25	0	25
44. Public administration and social service professions	550	90	465	1,075	170	905
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,890	1,890	4,000	11,020	3,105	7,905
Physical and life sciences and technologies	740	325	405	1,295	620	680
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	225	95	135	395	155	240
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	150	75	70	320	155	160
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	0	10	15	10	15
40. Physical sciences	180	85	100	275	140	130
41. Science technologies/technicians	170	75	90	295	170	125
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	880	520	365	1,420	740	680
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	775	495	285	1,210	705	510
25. Library science	40	0	40	120	10	115
27. Mathematics and statistics	65	25	40	90	35	55
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	8,675	7,940	735	18,770	17,430	1,345
04. Architecture and related services	150	85	70	250	125	130
14. Engineering	1,230	990	245	1,775	1,450	320
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,610	1,445	165	3,235	2,885	355
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,280	2,205	75	5,100	4,945	150
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,410	2,285	120	5,620	5,350	265
48. Precision production	990	935	60	2,795	2,665	125
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	740	455	290	2,705	1,680	1,020
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	515	305	215	2,140	1,340	805
03. Natural resources and conservation	220	145	70	565	345	220
Health and related fields	6,300	1,325	4,980	11,980	2,155	9,825
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	435	190	240	740	295	440
51. Health professions and related programs	5,800	1,085	4,710	11,115	1,775	9,345
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	75	45	30	120	85	35
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,240	1,025	1,215	4,705	2,170	2,540
12. Personal and culinary services	1,415	315	1,100	2,825	580	2,250
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0	0	0	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	20	15	0
43. Security and protective services	310	210	95	740	490	245
49. Transportation and materials moving	500	480	15	1,120	1,080	35
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	79,825	39,345	40,485	163,655	81,450	82,205
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	39,185	20,185	19,000	81,900	42,050	39,855
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	40,640	19,160	21,485	81,760	39,405	42,350
Location of study inside Canada	34,415	16,190	18,225	72,035	34,695	37,345
Same as province or territory of residence	26,275	12,185	14,095	56,795	27,300	29,495
Different than province or territory of residence	8,145	4,010	4,130	15,245	7,395	7,850
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	6,225	2,970	3,255	9,715	4,710	5,010
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	745	460	285	1,740	980	760
Philippines	2,535	950	1,585	3,210	1,220	1,990
India	340	190	145	385	225	160
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	390	210	180	790	415	370
China^{Census data footnote 162}	105	55	55	125	65	65
France	20	10	10	40	25	15
Other	2,090	1,095	1,000	3,430	1,775	1,655
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	56,140	27,700	28,435	113,640	56,470	57,165
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	23,125	12,195	10,930	48,135	25,130	23,005
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	33,015	15,505	17,510	65,500	31,345	34,160
Location of study inside Canada	27,460	12,925	14,535	57,160	27,450	29,715
Same as province or territory of residence	20,900	9,745	11,160	45,140	21,640	23,505
Different than province or territory of residence	6,560	3,185	3,375	12,020	5,810	6,210
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	5,555	2,580	2,975	8,340	3,895	4,445
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	550	345	210	1,280	675	600
Philippines	2,410	900	1,510	3,045	1,160	1,885
India	320	190	135	355	205	145
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	245	120	125	490	255	240
China^{Census data footnote 162}	95	45	50	115	60	55
France	20	10	10	35	20	10
Other	1,905	965	940	3,025	1,520	1,500
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	79,820	39,345	40,480	163,655	81,455	82,205
In the labour force	57,920	30,550	27,365	116,740	62,660	54,085
Employed	52,030	26,730	25,295	104,450	54,560	49,890
Unemployed	5,890	3,825	2,070	12,295	8,100	4,195
Not in the labour force	21,905	8,790	13,115	46,915	18,790	28,120
Participation rate	72.6	77.6	67.6	71.3	76.9	65.8
Employment rate	65.2	67.9	62.5	63.8	67.0	60.7
Unemployment rate	10.2	12.5	7.6	10.5	12.9	7.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	79,825	39,340	40,480	163,655	81,450	82,200
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	19,435	7,670	11,770	40,745	15,970	24,775
Worked	60,390	31,675	28,715	122,915	65,480	57,430
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	28,310	16,040	12,270	57,305	33,325	23,975
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	32,080	15,635	16,445	65,610	32,155	33,455
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.9	42.3	41.6	41.8	42.2	41.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	57,920	30,555	27,365	116,740	62,655	54,080
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	985	490	505	1,985	955	1,025
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	56,930	30,065	26,865	114,760	61,700	53,060
Employee	51,270	26,595	24,680	98,380	51,570	46,810
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	5,660	3,470	2,190	16,375	10,130	6,245
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	57,920	30,555	27,370	116,740	62,655	54,080
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	985	490	500	1,980	955	1,025
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	56,930	30,065	26,870	114,760	61,700	53,060
0 Management occupations	5,135	3,215	1,925	13,105	8,310	4,790
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,770	1,895	5,875	15,540	3,190	12,350
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,070	2,410	660	5,420	4,220	1,195
3 Health occupations	4,675	960	3,720	8,450	1,495	6,955
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,835	1,615	4,220	10,730	2,945	7,785
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,025	405	620	2,060	720	1,335
6 Sales and service occupations	14,095	5,780	8,315	24,220	9,345	14,885
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,235	9,475	760	23,265	21,480	1,790
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,405	2,230	180	7,045	5,960	1,080
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,680	2,095	590	4,930	4,040	890
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	57,920	30,555	27,365	116,740	62,660	54,085
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	990	485	500	1,980	955	1,025
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	56,935	30,065	26,865	114,760	61,700	53,060
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	545	360	190	5,965	3,870	2,100
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	4,075	3,510	570	9,625	8,305	1,315
22 Utilities	225	185	40	585	480	105
23 Construction	5,725	4,890	840	12,685	10,720	1,965
31-33 Manufacturing	4,345	3,200	1,145	7,550	5,695	1,855
41 Wholesale trade	1,770	1,380	390	3,630	2,765	860
44-45 Retail trade	7,625	3,420	4,205	13,510	5,870	7,635
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,800	1,380	420	4,190	3,115	1,075
51 Information and cultural industries	600	345	250	1,020	515	500
52 Finance and insurance	1,520	465	1,060	2,850	815	2,035
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,035	560	480	1,930	985	940
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,980	1,695	1,285	5,530	2,905	2,635
55 Management of companies and enterprises	60	25	35	85	35	55
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,935	1,095	840	3,625	2,035	1,590
61 Educational services	3,365	840	2,530	6,545	1,530	5,010
62 Health care and social assistance	7,460	1,325	6,130	13,650	2,115	11,530
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,045	565	485	1,955	985	970
72 Accommodation and food services	4,940	1,935	3,000	7,970	2,905	5,060
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,965	1,440	1,530	6,320	3,315	3,005
91 Public administration	2,900	1,460	1,440	5,540	2,730	2,810
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	52,025	26,730	25,300	104,450	54,560	49,890
Worked at home	2,390	930	1,455	9,295	4,335	4,965
Worked outside Canada	145	110	30	315	260	55
No fixed workplace address	7,690	5,900	1,790	16,445	12,985	3,465
Worked at usual place	41,805	19,785	22,020	78,390	36,980	41,410
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	41,805	19,790	22,020	78,390	36,980	41,410
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	31,825	13,485	18,340	43,905	18,605	25,300
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	8,275	5,025	3,255	29,190	14,855	14,340
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,555	1,195	360	4,940	3,315	1,625
Commute to a different province or territory	155	85	70	360	210	145
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	49,500	25,690	23,810	94,835	49,965	44,870
Car, truck, van - as a driver	41,365	21,920	19,440	81,790	43,625	38,160
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	2,695	1,185	1,510	4,710	2,250	2,465
Public transit	2,230	920	1,310	2,495	1,105	1,390
Walked	1,935	790	1,140	3,620	1,455	2,160
Bicycle	465	330	135	685	485	200
Other method	805	540	265	1,530	1,040	495
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	49,495	25,690	23,810	94,835	49,965	44,870
Less than 15 minutes	20,690	9,250	11,440	36,075	16,300	19,775
15 to 29 minutes	20,790	10,955	9,835	36,580	19,080	17,500
30 to 44 minutes	4,695	3,055	1,640	13,380	7,945	5,435
45 to 59 minutes	1,215	760	455	3,460	2,205	1,260
60 minutes and over	2,105	1,665	440	5,340	4,435	905
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	49,500	25,685	23,810	94,840	49,965	44,870
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,700	2,675	1,025	7,135	5,290	1,850
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,400	5,720	2,675	18,055	12,385	5,670
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	15,270	8,195	7,070	29,740	16,020	13,730
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,355	3,525	5,830	17,530	6,620	10,905
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,700	1,825	2,875	8,410	3,035	5,380
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	8,080	3,750	4,335	13,955	6,615	7,340
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	62,145	32,535	29,610	126,400	67,080	59,315
Single responses	61,855	32,400	29,450	125,900	66,830	59,070
Official languages	61,645	32,280	29,355	125,445	66,585	58,860
English	61,485	32,235	29,250	125,170	66,510	58,660
French	155	50	105	275	75	200
Non-official languages	210	120	90	455	250	205
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	25	10	15
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	210	115	90	430	235	185
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	40	15	20	40	15	25
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	15	20	35	20	20
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	0	10	10	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	70	30	40	220	110	110
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	65	30	30
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	20	10	10
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	45	20	30
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	10	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	0	10	10	10	0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	0	10	10	10
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	0	0	10	10	10
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	65	25	35	140	65	75
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	60	25	30	135	65	70
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	10	10	0	10	10	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	0	0	15	10	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	10	0	10	10	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	85	60	25	95	60	40
Chinese languages	85	60	20	95	60	35
Cantonese	70	50	20	75	50	25
Hakka	10	0	0	10	10	0
Mandarin	10	10	0	20	10	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	40	30	10
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	40	25	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	295	130	160	495	250	250
English and French	100	55	45	155	85	70
English and non-official language	195	80	115	345	170	180
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	62,145	32,535	29,610	126,395	67,080	59,315
None	60,265	31,620	28,645	123,390	65,595	57,795
English	225	85	140	385	130	250
French	415	195	225	650	305	350
Non-official language	1,205	615	595	1,930	1,025	905
Aboriginal	30	0	20	245	105	140
Non-Aboriginal	1,180	610	570	1,680	920	760
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	25	20	10	45	30	15
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	97,295	48,310	48,980	201,920	101,190	100,735
Non-movers	79,350	39,545	39,800	169,755	85,390	84,365
Movers	17,945	8,765	9,185	32,165	15,800	16,370
Non-migrants	12,435	6,190	6,245	18,085	9,020	9,065
Migrants	5,510	2,570	2,935	14,085	6,775	7,305
Internal migrants	4,780	2,240	2,540	13,105	6,310	6,795
Intraprovincial migrants	3,755	1,750	2,010	11,070	5,355	5,705
Interprovincial migrants	1,020	490	535	2,035	950	1,085
External migrants	735	340	395	975	465	515
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	92,300	45,790	46,505	190,945	95,595	95,345
Non-movers	45,260	22,455	22,805	104,010	52,165	51,850
Movers	47,035	23,330	23,705	86,930	43,430	43,495
Non-migrants	26,010	13,135	12,870	40,590	20,495	20,095
Migrants	21,030	10,195	10,830	46,345	22,940	23,405
Internal migrants	16,625	8,090	8,530	40,590	20,110	20,475
Intraprovincial migrants	10,885	5,220	5,670	30,240	14,960	15,280
Interprovincial migrants	5,740	2,875	2,870	10,340	5,150	5,195
External migrants	4,410	2,110	2,300	5,760	2,830	2,925

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 53 referrer

Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Red Deer, CY [Census subdivision], Alberta and Division No. 8, CDR [Census division], Alberta (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed March 13, 2026).

Date modified:: 2024-07-12

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Red Deer, City [Census subdivision], Alberta and Division No. 8, Census division [Census division], Alberta

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Census Profile, 2016 Census Red Deer, City [Census subdivision], Alberta and Division No. 8, Census division [Census division], Alberta

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Red Deer, City [Census subdivision], Alberta and Division No. 8, Census division [Census division], Alberta