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Census Profile, 2016 Census
New Westminster, City [Census subdivision], British Columbia and British Columbia [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	New Westminster, CY British Columbia [Census subdivision]			British Columbia [Province]
	Data quality , New Westminster, City [Census subdivision], British Columbia Map : New Westminster, City [Census subdivision], British Columbia Change geography 1			Data quality : British Columbia [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	70,996	...	...	4,648,055	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	65,976	...	...	4,400,057	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	7.6	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	34,235	...	...	2,063,417	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	32,708	...	...	1,881,969	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4,543.4	...	...	5.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	15.63	...	...	922,503.01	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	71,000	34,780	36,215	4,648,055	2,278,245	2,369,815
0 to 14 years	8,825	4,570	4,260	691,390	355,400	335,985
0 to 4 years	3,240	1,640	1,600	220,625	113,355	107,275
5 to 9 years	2,955	1,575	1,380	236,900	122,070	114,830
10 to 14 years	2,635	1,355	1,280	233,860	119,975	113,885
15 to 64 years	51,350	25,490	25,860	3,107,680	1,527,280	1,580,400
15 to 19 years	3,135	1,600	1,535	258,980	133,000	125,985
20 to 24 years	4,590	2,330	2,260	287,560	147,615	139,945
25 to 29 years	5,865	2,860	3,005	303,000	151,585	151,415
30 to 34 years	6,190	3,110	3,080	313,750	155,035	158,715
35 to 39 years	5,455	2,740	2,720	293,590	143,070	150,520
40 to 44 years	4,875	2,390	2,485	295,045	141,930	153,115
45 to 49 years	5,560	2,760	2,800	322,365	155,325	167,040
50 to 54 years	5,765	2,805	2,955	354,375	172,065	182,310
55 to 59 years	5,390	2,670	2,720	354,925	171,210	183,715
60 to 64 years	4,525	2,215	2,310	324,095	156,450	167,645
65 years and over	10,815	4,725	6,090	848,985	395,560	453,425
65 to 69 years	3,750	1,775	1,970	287,520	139,490	148,035
70 to 74 years	2,480	1,150	1,330	201,785	97,675	104,110
75 to 79 years	1,750	815	935	145,225	68,715	76,510
80 to 84 years	1,310	525	785	105,255	48,645	56,610
85 years and over	1,525	460	1,070	109,190	41,035	68,155
85 to 89 years	940	320	615	67,510	27,930	39,575
90 to 94 years	435	115	325	31,815	10,615	21,205
95 to 99 years	135	25	110	8,545	2,215	6,330
100 years and over	20	0	20	1,325	275	1,050
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.4	13.1	11.8	14.9	15.6	14.2
15 to 64 years	72.3	73.3	71.4	66.9	67.0	66.7
65 years and over	15.2	13.6	16.8	18.3	17.4	19.1
85 years and over	2.1	1.3	3.0	2.3	1.8	2.9
Average age of the population	41.8	40.8	42.8	42.3	41.5	43.1
Median age of the population	41.5	40.4	42.5	43.0	41.9	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	32,705	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Single-detached house	5,000	...	...	830,660	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	10,485	...	...	177,830	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	17,205	...	...	824,190	...	...
Semi-detached house	185	...	...	57,395	...	...
Row house	1,590	...	...	147,830	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,470	...	...	230,075	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	11,910	...	...	385,140	...	...
Other single-attached house	50	...	...	3,755	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	25	...	...	49,290	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	32,710	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
1 person	12,530	...	...	541,910	...	...
2 persons	10,915	...	...	663,770	...	...
3 persons	4,390	...	...	277,690	...	...
4 persons	3,140	...	...	243,125	...	...
5 or more persons	1,735	...	...	155,470	...	...
Number of persons in private households	69,905	...	...	4,560,240	...	...
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	62,165	30,215	31,955	3,956,665	1,922,840	2,033,825
Married or living common law	33,265	16,700	16,565	2,297,325	1,146,175	1,151,150
Married	26,530	13,265	13,260	1,925,345	959,690	965,645
Living common law	6,735	3,425	3,305	371,985	186,485	185,505
Not married and not living common law	28,905	13,515	15,390	1,659,335	776,660	882,675
Never married	18,900	10,165	8,740	1,076,085	582,975	493,110
Separated	1,815	795	1,015	105,700	45,225	60,475
Divorced	5,150	2,025	3,130	263,870	103,475	160,395
Widowed	3,040	535	2,500	213,685	44,990	168,700
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	19,065	...	...	1,311,340	...	...
2 persons	10,760	...	...	703,685	...	...
3 persons	4,225	...	...	275,965	...	...
4 persons	3,170	...	...	243,960	...	...
5 or more persons	910	...	...	87,730	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	19,065	...	...	1,311,345	...	...
Total couple families	16,155	...	...	1,113,405	...	...
Married couples	12,785	...	...	927,440	...	...
Common-law couples	3,370	...	...	185,960	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	2,910	...	...	197,940	...	...
Female parent	2,320	...	...	155,670	...	...
Male parent	585	...	...	42,265	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	16,160	...	...	1,113,400	...	...
Couples without children	8,675	...	...	577,790	...	...
Couples with children	7,480	...	...	535,610	...	...
1 child	3,555	...	...	221,065	...	...
2 children	3,035	...	...	230,705	...	...
3 or more children	885	...	...	83,840	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	2,910	...	...	197,940	...	...
1 child	2,085	...	...	125,890	...	...
2 children	670	...	...	54,900	...	...
3 or more children	155	...	...	17,145	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	18,270	8,810	9,460	882,895	418,495	464,405
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	32,705	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
One-census-family households	17,755	...	...	1,195,735	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	8,115	...	...	527,700	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	9,640	...	...	668,035	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	625	...	...	55,620	...	...
Non-census-family households	14,325	...	...	630,620	...	...
One-person households	12,530	...	...	541,915	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	1,795	...	...	88,705	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	70,230	34,395	35,835	4,598,415	2,255,395	2,343,015
English only	62,930	31,085	31,845	4,127,770	2,050,130	2,077,645
French only	40	20	20	1,810	820	985
English and French	5,425	2,570	2,860	314,925	140,650	174,275
Neither English nor French	1,830	725	1,110	153,910	63,795	90,115
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	70,230	34,395	35,835	4,598,415	2,255,395	2,343,020
English	67,150	33,005	34,140	4,373,330	2,156,680	2,216,655
French	795	430	365	55,325	27,680	27,640
English and French	480	260	230	18,000	8,315	9,685
Neither English nor French	1,810	710	1,100	151,760	62,720	89,040
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	1,040	555	485	64,325	31,840	32,480
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.5	1.6	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	70,230	34,395	35,835	4,598,415	2,255,400	2,343,015
Single responses	68,080	33,370	34,715	4,494,995	2,205,775	2,289,220
Official languages	43,710	22,200	21,510	3,227,535	1,614,375	1,613,160
English	42,925	21,775	21,150	3,170,110	1,585,760	1,584,355
French	790	425	360	57,425	28,615	28,810
Non-official languages	24,370	11,170	13,200	1,267,460	591,400	676,060
Aboriginal languages	25	10	10	8,435	3,940	4,490
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	1,050	445	605
Blackfoot	0	0	0	40	5	35
Cree-Montagnais languages	5	5	0	840	375	465
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	10	0	10
Plains Cree	0	0	0	150	60	85
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	25	15	10
Woods Cree	5	0	0	60	25	35
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	0	585	270	320
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	5	10
Malecite	0	0	0	5	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10	5	5
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	155	55	105
Algonquin	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ojibway	5	0	0	135	50	90
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	2,310	1,045	1,260
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	2,295	1,045	1,250
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	110	55	55
Beaver	0	0	0	160	75	85
Carrier	0	0	0	1,005	460	550
Chilcotin	0	0	0	650	295	355
Dene	0	0	0	90	35	50
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	15	5	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Sekani	0	0	0	85	40	45
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	75	30	45
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	5	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	20	5	15
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	50	25	30
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	105	45	50
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	15	10	5
Tahltan	0	0	0	90	40	50
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	5	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	5	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Haida	0	0	0	70	30	40
Inuit languages	0	0	0	80	30	55
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuktitut	0	0	0	50	20	30
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	15	10	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	10	5	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	100	55	50
Michif	0	0	0	35	20	10
Salish languages	0	5	0	2,270	1,115	1,155
Comox	0	0	0	80	45	40
Halkomelem	0	0	0	475	230	245
Lillooet	0	5	0	315	155	160
Okanagan	0	0	0	270	135	135
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	435	220	215
Squamish	0	0	0	35	20	20
Straits	0	0	0	80	40	40
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	330	150	185
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	250	130	120
Siouan languages	0	0	0	45	25	20
Dakota	0	0	0	30	15	20
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	5
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	30	15	15
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	1,460	715	740
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	875	435	445
Nisga'a	0	0	0	385	195	190
Tsimshian	0	0	5	195	90	110
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	795	365	435
Haisla	0	0	0	90	40	55
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	100	45	55
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	5	320	140	180
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	275	135	140
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	10	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	5	0	190	80	110
Non-Aboriginal languages	24,345	11,160	13,185	1,259,025	587,455	671,570
Afro-Asiatic languages	820	425	395	24,870	13,405	11,465
Berber languages	5	0	0	115	75	45
Kabyle	5	5	0	40	30	15
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	80	45	30
Cushitic languages	40	25	20	1,505	765	740
Bilen	0	0	0	5	0	0
Oromo	25	15	15	205	115	95
Somali	10	10	5	1,270	640	640
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	15
Semitic languages	770	395	380	23,195	12,540	10,655
Amharic	120	50	70	1,370	670	700
Arabic	550	300	255	17,480	9,595	7,890
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	650	315	330
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	440	245	200
Harari	0	0	0	20	5	15
Hebrew	10	5	0	2,065	1,125	940
Maltese	0	0	0	215	100	115
Tigrigna	85	40	45	805	395	405
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	150	80	65
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	55	30	25
Austro-Asiatic languages	295	125	165	28,740	13,170	15,575
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	1,560	710	850
Vietnamese	280	120	165	27,150	12,440	14,710
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	30	15	15
Austronesian languages	3,705	1,515	2,185	96,535	38,765	57,770
Bikol	10	0	5	375	165	215
Cebuano	170	70	100	4,065	1,565	2,505
Fijian	10	5	5	470	240	230
Hiligaynon	55	15	40	1,470	550	920
Ilocano	155	65	95	5,240	2,055	3,190
Malagasy	0	0	0	20	10	15
Malay	145	70	70	3,895	1,675	2,220
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	30	20	15	700	320	380
Pangasinan	15	5	15	295	130	170
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,075	1,250	1,825	78,770	31,550	47,220
Waray-Waray	10	0	5	215	85	135
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	1,015	435	580
Creole languages	25	10	15	840	440	400
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	35	20	15
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0	500	255	245
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	305	155	145
Dravidian languages	145	75	70	7,500	3,995	3,510
Kannada	5	0	0	280	150	135
Malayalam	15	10	5	2,385	1,260	1,130
Tamil	100	50	50	3,615	1,875	1,740
Telugu	25	15	10	1,175	695	480
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	140	75	70
Indo-European languages	11,225	5,420	5,810	588,175	286,135	302,035
Albanian	75	45	35	1,465	765	705
Armenian	5	5	10	1,195	600	600
Balto-Slavic languages	2,985	1,435	1,545	83,110	38,595	44,515
Baltic languages	30	15	15	1,070	485	585
Latvian	20	10	10	565	255	300
Lithuanian	15	5	5	505	225	280
Slavic languages	2,950	1,420	1,535	82,040	38,110	43,930
Belarusan	5	5	0	95	45	50
Bosnian	70	45	30	1,360	675	685
Bulgarian	220	115	110	2,025	955	1,070
Croatian	185	90	100	7,475	3,655	3,820
Czech	95	45	50	5,920	2,850	3,070
Macedonian	25	15	10	325	160	165
Polish	455	205	255	16,910	7,875	9,035
Russian	1,035	490	545	25,955	11,640	14,310
Serbian	455	235	225	7,045	3,600	3,450
Serbo-Croatian	95	40	60	1,395	670	725
Slovak	105	45	60	3,400	1,525	1,870
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5	1,160	545	615
Ukrainian	185	95	90	8,630	3,730	4,900
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	345	175	170
Celtic languages	10	5	10	615	325	290
Scottish Gaelic	10	5	5	240	130	110
Welsh	0	0	5	280	145	135
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	95	50	45
Germanic languages	990	440	545	101,725	48,350	53,380
Afrikaans	30	15	10	3,260	1,655	1,610
Danish	50	25	30	4,665	2,280	2,385
Dutch	245	110	130	21,020	10,130	10,895
Frisian	5	0	5	295	145	145
German	585	260	320	66,885	31,525	35,360
Icelandic	10	0	0	275	135	145
Norwegian	20	5	15	2,005	970	1,035
Swedish	40	20	20	2,520	1,100	1,420
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	5	445	220	225
Yiddish	5	0	0	290	150	140
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	45	25
Greek	90	55	35	6,115	3,245	2,870
Indo-Iranian languages	4,275	2,100	2,175	297,800	147,830	149,970
Indo-Aryan languages	3,440	1,670	1,765	251,000	124,260	126,740
Bengali	125	65	65	3,180	1,665	1,510
Gujarati	145	70	75	6,895	3,290	3,605
Hindi	545	255	290	26,720	12,910	13,810
Kashmiri	0	0	5	65	35	25
Konkani	0	0	0	255	130	125
Marathi	15	10	5	620	325	295
Nepali	20	15	10	1,155	620	540
Oriya (Odia)	10	5	5	70	35	35
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,410	1,170	1,240	198,805	98,525	100,285
Sindhi	15	10	10	1,675	780	895
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	50	25	25	1,675	845	830
Urdu	100	55	45	9,885	5,090	4,795
Iranian languages	830	425	405	46,390	23,355	23,035
Kurdish	60	35	25	1,765	945	825
Pashto	45	25	25	1,155	615	535
Persian (Farsi)	725	365	355	43,470	21,795	21,675
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	410	220	195
Italic (Romance) languages	2,795	1,340	1,460	96,135	46,430	49,710
Catalan	5	0	5	160	85	75
Italian	325	160	165	22,680	11,445	11,230
Portuguese	460	225	240	17,450	8,240	9,210
Romanian	740	345	395	8,730	4,250	4,480
Spanish	1,265	610	655	47,010	22,335	24,675
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	105	65	40
Japanese	495	150	345	21,350	7,195	14,150
Kartvelian languages	15	10	5	85	50	35
Georgian	15	10	5	85	50	40
Korean	1,245	520	720	52,160	23,495	28,670
Mongolic languages	10	10	5	360	150	205
Mongolian	15	5	10	360	155	210
Niger-Congo languages	160	85	75	3,725	1,875	1,850
Akan (Twi)	45	30	15	495	275	220
Bamanankan	0	0	0	10	5	5
Edo	0	0	0	85	50	35
Ewe	0	0	5	85	45	35
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	45	25	20
Ga	0	0	0	45	20	25
Ganda	10	5	5	90	45	45
Igbo	10	10	5	245	145	105
Lingala	5	5	5	80	30	45
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	5	115	50	60
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	155	70	80
Shona	5	5	0	215	100	115
Swahili	30	20	10	805	400	405
Wolof	5	0	5	50	25	25
Yoruba	5	5	5	330	185	150
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	885	410	480
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	10	15	340	175	165
Dinka	15	5	5	105	60	45
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	240	115	125
Sign languages	25	10	20	1,155	610	545
American Sign Language	20	10	10	470	230	240
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	5	0	5
Sign languages, n.i.e	15	5	5	690	380	305
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,565	2,505	3,060	410,920	187,725	223,190
Chinese languages	5,515	2,490	3,030	408,415	186,455	221,960
Cantonese	2,105	965	1,135	193,530	89,325	104,210
Hakka	40	15	25	2,325	1,010	1,315
Mandarin	3,015	1,350	1,670	186,325	84,370	101,955
Min Dong	5	5	5	230	105	120
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	140	65	75	11,210	4,995	6,215
Wu (Shanghainese)	80	35	45	4,540	1,995	2,545
Chinese, n.o.s.	130	65	70	10,050	4,570	5,480
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	205	85	120
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	20	30	2,500	1,265	1,230
Burmese	5	5	5	1,125	580	545
Karenic languages	0	0	0	815	395	425
Tibetan	40	20	25	330	175	160
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	230	120	110
Tai-Kadai languages	90	30	60	3,985	1,335	2,650
Lao	5	0	5	1,100	550	550
Thai	85	30	55	2,865	775	2,090
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	20	10	15
Turkic languages	120	75	50	4,140	2,295	1,845
Azerbaijani	30	20	10	530	290	235
Turkish	75	45	30	3,145	1,790	1,360
Uyghur	5	5	5	170	85	85
Uzbek	10	5	0	105	50	55
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	190	80	110
Uralic languages	340	155	180	13,490	6,285	7,205
Estonian	15	5	10	705	295	410
Finnish	60	20	40	3,760	1,555	2,200
Hungarian	260	130	135	9,025	4,435	4,590
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	500	280	225
Multiple responses	2,150	1,025	1,125	103,415	49,625	53,795
English and French	150	90	65	10,065	4,815	5,250
English and non-official language	1,895	890	1,000	89,135	42,820	46,315
French and non-official language	55	30	30	2,100	1,040	1,065
English, French and non-official language	40	20	25	2,115	950	1,165
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	70,230	34,400	35,835	4,598,415	2,255,395	2,343,015
Single responses	65,175	32,040	33,135	4,365,875	2,145,020	2,220,855
Official languages	52,345	26,020	26,330	3,648,500	1,807,825	1,840,675
English	52,155	25,910	26,245	3,631,700	1,799,625	1,832,075
French	190	110	85	16,795	8,195	8,605
Non-official languages	12,825	6,020	6,800	717,375	337,200	380,180
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	1,565	765	795
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	105	50	55
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	5	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	85	40	45
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	15	10	10
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	5
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	30	30
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	15	5	5
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	610	290	320
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	605	290	315
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Beaver	0	0	0	40	20	20
Carrier	0	0	0	245	110	130
Chilcotin	0	0	0	260	125	130
Dene	0	0	0	15	5	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	15	10	5
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	10	5	5
Inuit languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	10	0	5
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	15	10	5
Michif	0	0	0	0	5	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	275	130	150
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	50	20	30
Lillooet	0	0	0	25	15	15
Okanagan	0	0	0	85	35	45
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	50	30	20
Squamish	0	0	0	5	5	0
Straits	0	0	0	25	10	15
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Siouan languages	0	0	0	15	10	5
Dakota	0	0	0	10	10	5
Stoney	0	0	0	5	5	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	405	215	195
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	310	155	155
Nisga'a	0	0	0	70	45	25
Tsimshian	0	0	0	25	15	10
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	75	40	35
Haisla	0	0	0	20	10	15
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	5	5	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	25	10	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	30	15	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	45	15	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	12,825	6,020	6,800	715,815	336,435	379,380
Afro-Asiatic languages	500	230	265	13,990	7,065	6,920
Berber languages	5	0	0	45	25	20
Kabyle	0	5	0	20	10	15
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Cushitic languages	15	10	10	770	355	415
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	15	5	10	90	50	45
Somali	0	0	0	665	300	360
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Semitic languages	475	225	245	13,155	6,680	6,475
Amharic	70	30	40	600	275	320
Arabic	350	170	185	10,415	5,335	5,080
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	405	195	210
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	310	165	145
Harari	0	0	0	10	5	5
Hebrew	5	0	0	900	465	440
Maltese	0	0	0	15	5	10
Tigrigna	45	20	25	410	190	225
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	95	45	50
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	20	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	150	70	80	17,870	8,305	9,560
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	5	0	800	375	420
Vietnamese	145	70	75	17,055	7,920	9,130
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	10	5
Austronesian languages	1,555	700	855	40,605	17,945	22,660
Bikol	0	0	0	75	30	35
Cebuano	75	35	40	1,305	585	715
Fijian	5	5	5	110	65	55
Hiligaynon	20	5	15	415	175	240
Ilocano	50	20	25	1,615	695	930
Malagasy	0	0	0	10	5	10
Malay	65	35	25	1,120	510	605
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	0	150	70	80
Pangasinan	5	5	5	55	25	30
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,320	590	730	35,375	15,600	19,770
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	55	25	35
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	310	150	160
Creole languages	10	5	0	335	150	180
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	5
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	235	105	130
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	95	50	45
Dravidian languages	85	40	40	3,940	1,995	1,940
Kannada	5	5	0	110	55	60
Malayalam	5	0	0	1,225	615	605
Tamil	65	30	35	2,055	1,025	1,030
Telugu	10	10	5	535	295	240
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	55	25	30
Indo-European languages	5,465	2,655	2,815	282,090	137,135	144,955
Albanian	45	25	20	695	335	360
Armenian	0	0	0	545	240	305
Balto-Slavic languages	1,580	775	800	31,640	15,150	16,490
Baltic languages	0	0	0	210	90	115
Latvian	5	0	0	80	30	50
Lithuanian	0	0	0	125	60	65
Slavic languages	1,580	780	800	31,430	15,060	16,370
Belarusan	0	0	0	15	5	5
Bosnian	30	10	15	595	300	300
Bulgarian	165	80	85	1,035	485	550
Croatian	60	25	30	2,235	1,055	1,180
Czech	25	15	10	1,595	800	795
Macedonian	15	5	10	150	75	75
Polish	175	90	85	5,690	2,720	2,970
Russian	680	335	340	13,310	6,290	7,020
Serbian	275	140	135	3,695	1,870	1,825
Serbo-Croatian	40	20	25	500	235	265
Slovak	50	20	25	1,000	480	520
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	5	5	145	65	85
Ukrainian	65	35	30	1,430	665	765
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	20
Celtic languages	0	0	5	70	40	30
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	35	20	10
Welsh	5	0	0	25	10	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Germanic languages	100	40	55	14,430	6,870	7,555
Afrikaans	10	5	5	1,475	715	760
Danish	0	0	0	305	145	160
Dutch	15	5	10	1,895	890	1,005
Frisian	0	0	0	10	5	5
German	65	30	30	10,085	4,795	5,295
Icelandic	5	0	5	75	35	35
Norwegian	0	0	0	140	60	80
Swedish	10	0	5	360	170	195
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	50	30	20
Yiddish	0	0	0	10	10	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Greek	20	10	10	2,010	975	1,035
Indo-Iranian languages	2,430	1,175	1,255	194,590	95,380	99,215
Indo-Aryan languages	1,900	920	985	164,185	80,610	83,575
Bengali	75	35	40	1,815	895	920
Gujarati	55	25	30	2,970	1,320	1,645
Hindi	230	105	125	12,310	5,890	6,425
Kashmiri	0	0	0	10	5	5
Konkani	0	0	0	40	25	25
Marathi	15	5	10	270	140	130
Nepali	20	10	10	665	345	320
Oriya (Odia)	5	5	5	35	20	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,420	695	725	139,080	68,565	70,515
Sindhi	5	0	5	615	270	345
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	10	15	675	330	340
Urdu	50	20	25	5,705	2,825	2,880
Iranian languages	530	255	275	30,205	14,665	15,540
Kurdish	50	25	25	1,080	540	535
Pashto	35	15	20	700	350	350
Persian (Farsi)	450	215	235	28,420	13,765	14,660
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	200	100	100
Italic (Romance) languages	1,285	625	665	38,110	18,145	19,970
Catalan	0	0	0	65	35	35
Italian	50	20	30	5,200	2,245	2,955
Portuguese	220	115	110	6,725	3,140	3,580
Romanian	425	200	225	3,800	1,830	1,970
Spanish	595	290	305	22,310	10,900	11,410
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	10
Japanese	200	80	125	9,860	4,070	5,790
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	30	15	10
Georgian	5	0	5	30	15	15
Korean	915	410	505	38,605	17,785	20,820
Mongolic languages	10	5	5	170	80	90
Mongolian	5	0	5	165	80	85
Niger-Congo languages	45	20	20	960	430	530
Akan (Twi)	15	10	10	150	80	65
Bamanankan	0	0	0	5	5	5
Edo	0	0	0	15	10	10
Ewe	0	0	0	20	5	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	20	5	10
Ga	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ganda	0	0	0	10	5	5
Igbo	0	0	0	40	20	15
Lingala	5	0	5	35	15	20
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	55	20	40
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	60	25	35
Shona	0	0	0	65	25	40
Swahili	5	5	0	200	90	115
Wolof	0	0	0	20	10	10
Yoruba	0	0	0	60	30	35
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	200	85	120
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	5	140	60	75
Dinka	5	0	0	55	30	20
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	30	55
Sign languages	30	10	20	1,535	850	685
American Sign Language	20	10	15	455	230	225
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	1,080	615	460
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,660	1,690	1,970	299,420	137,555	161,865
Chinese languages	3,630	1,675	1,960	297,675	136,670	161,000
Cantonese	1,215	560	655	137,075	62,545	74,525
Hakka	15	0	10	700	295	410
Mandarin	2,240	1,035	1,210	146,435	67,695	78,740
Min Dong	5	0	5	65	25	35
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	50	25	25	4,820	2,185	2,630
Wu (Shanghainese)	55	20	30	2,595	1,195	1,400
Chinese, n.o.s.	55	25	30	5,885	2,680	3,205
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	45	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	15	15	1,745	885	865
Burmese	0	0	0	720	375	350
Karenic languages	0	0	0	725	355	370
Tibetan	30	15	15	205	110	90
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	45	45
Tai-Kadai languages	35	10	20	1,380	595	785
Lao	0	0	5	460	225	235
Thai	30	15	20	920	370	545
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	10	5	5
Turkic languages	65	40	25	1,695	880	815
Azerbaijani	10	10	5	195	105	95
Turkish	45	25	20	1,310	685	630
Uyghur	0	0	0	95	50	50
Uzbek	5	5	5	45	25	20
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	25
Uralic languages	95	40	50	3,005	1,415	1,590
Estonian	5	0	0	95	40	55
Finnish	5	5	5	725	325	400
Hungarian	85	40	45	2,185	1,050	1,130
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	5	5	145	70	75
Multiple responses	5,055	2,355	2,705	232,540	110,375	122,165
English and French	95	55	40	6,155	2,970	3,185
English and non-official language	4,860	2,250	2,605	222,670	105,750	116,920
French and non-official language	20	5	10	650	290	360
English, French and non-official language	85	40	45	3,065	1,365	1,700
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	70,230	34,395	35,835	4,598,415	2,255,400	2,343,015
None	56,715	28,060	28,650	3,931,210	1,940,390	1,990,820
English	5,490	2,670	2,825	274,535	132,990	141,545
French	600	290	305	41,020	18,435	22,590
Non-official language	7,165	3,250	3,910	340,930	158,590	182,345
Aboriginal	20	15	5	7,985	3,765	4,215
Non-Aboriginal	7,140	3,235	3,905	332,945	154,820	178,125
English and French	30	20	10	1,195	545	650
English and non-official language	155	65	85	5,660	2,655	3,005
French and non-official language	80	35	45	3,765	1,745	2,020
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	100	45	50
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	61,100	29,770	31,330	3,870,330	1,882,865	1,987,460
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	59,085	28,825	30,265	3,727,360	1,815,500	1,911,860
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,662	41,871	32,156	33,012	40,370	27,543
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	59,170	28,905	30,270	3,731,980	1,819,375	1,912,600
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,642	36,273	29,355	29,783	35,383	25,659
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	53,530	26,525	27,005	3,363,310	1,665,225	1,698,085
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,508	42,190	31,382	31,585	39,557	25,304
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	39,705	17,190	22,515	2,628,215	1,140,195	1,488,025
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	2,665	1,484	3,450	4,592	3,717	4,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	46,730	23,670	23,060	2,775,010	1,415,295	1,359,715
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,006	43,034	33,319	31,713	39,186	26,034
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	61,100	29,760	31,340	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	59,050	28,865	30,180	3,727,715	1,815,380	1,912,335
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,294	50,228	38,617	45,616	54,797	36,901
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	59,135	28,950	30,185	3,732,420	1,819,290	1,913,130
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,305	41,304	33,470	37,922	44,282	31,874
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	53,495	26,515	26,985	3,362,835	1,664,850	1,697,985
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,144	50,638	37,764	44,933	54,787	35,271
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	39,890	17,380	22,515	2,628,230	1,139,390	1,488,840
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,368	6,184	6,511	7,207	7,255	7,171
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	46,735	23,595	23,140	2,775,010	1,415,100	1,359,910
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,347	50,506	38,068	43,339	52,171	34,149
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	61,100	29,760	31,345	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	22,280	12,385	9,895	1,147,070	652,115	494,950
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	54,578	59,072	50,284	53,940	61,004	47,039
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	62,137	67,254	55,732	64,625	72,840	53,801
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	90.3	92.7	87.3	88.9	91.7	84.9
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	78.8	81.7	75.2	70.8	74.4	65.8
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	9.7	7.3	12.8	11.1	8.3	15.1
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	61,095	29,765	31,330	3,870,330	1,882,865	1,987,460
Without total income	2,010	940	1,070	142,970	67,370	75,600
With total income	59,090	28,825	30,265	3,727,360	1,815,505	1,911,860
Percentage with total income	96.7	96.8	96.6	96.3	96.4	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,200	3,500	4,700	573,315	240,120	333,195
$10,000 to $19,999	9,305	3,945	5,360	653,915	262,225	391,685
$20,000 to $29,999	7,420	3,170	4,250	503,290	209,095	294,195
$30,000 to $39,999	6,970	3,205	3,755	424,330	188,860	235,470
$40,000 to $49,999	6,810	3,220	3,590	366,220	173,020	193,200
$50,000 to $59,999	5,380	2,720	2,660	286,310	148,095	138,215
$60,000 to $69,999	4,055	2,245	1,815	222,975	129,400	93,580
$70,000 to $79,999	3,050	1,735	1,315	171,625	103,795	67,830
$80,000 to $89,999	2,330	1,350	985	134,090	83,100	50,990
$90,000 to $99,999	1,600	970	635	96,825	62,825	34,005
$100,000 and over	3,960	2,760	1,190	294,475	214,980	79,500
$100,000 to $149,999	2,955	2,005	955	198,355	142,260	56,095
$150,000 and over	995	760	240	96,115	72,715	23,405
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	61,100	29,770	31,330	3,870,330	1,882,870	1,987,460
Without after-tax income	1,930	865	1,065	138,350	63,495	74,855
With after-tax income	59,170	28,905	30,270	3,731,980	1,819,375	1,912,605
Percentage with after-tax income	96.8	97.1	96.6	96.4	96.6	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,470	3,690	4,785	597,310	253,480	343,835
$10,000 to $19,999	9,790	4,215	5,575	686,510	280,490	406,015
$20,000 to $29,999	9,100	4,005	5,090	593,490	252,075	341,415
$30,000 to $39,999	8,750	4,120	4,625	495,200	226,080	269,120
$40,000 to $49,999	7,520	3,670	3,850	402,535	200,565	201,965
$50,000 to $59,999	5,305	2,895	2,405	293,450	167,870	125,585
$60,000 to $69,999	3,695	2,100	1,595	210,085	128,000	82,080
$70,000 to $79,999	2,520	1,455	1,065	151,775	95,230	56,545
$80,000 and over	4,025	2,750	1,275	301,635	215,590	86,045
$80,000 to $89,999	1,470	935	535	94,700	64,330	30,370
$90,000 to $99,999	885	590	295	59,050	42,050	17,000
$100,000 and over	1,670	1,230	445	147,885	109,215	38,670
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	61,100	29,770	31,330	3,870,330	1,882,865	1,987,460
Without employment income	14,370	6,095	8,270	1,095,320	467,570	627,745
With employment income	46,730	23,670	23,060	2,775,010	1,415,295	1,359,715
Percentage with employment income	76.5	79.5	73.6	71.7	75.2	68.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	5,890	2,585	3,310	441,080	204,275	236,810
$5,000 to $9,999	2,850	1,205	1,640	212,715	90,015	122,705
$10,000 to $19,999	5,495	2,505	2,995	371,875	160,350	211,525
$20,000 to $29,999	4,990	2,295	2,700	309,470	135,945	173,525
$30,000 to $39,999	5,250	2,465	2,785	282,045	126,870	155,180
$40,000 to $49,999	5,390	2,585	2,805	253,810	118,870	134,935
$50,000 to $59,999	4,265	2,215	2,055	203,885	107,605	96,280
$60,000 to $69,999	3,425	1,925	1,495	163,740	98,205	65,535
$70,000 to $79,999	2,570	1,505	1,070	132,340	82,120	50,220
$80,000 and over	6,600	4,390	2,210	404,040	291,050	112,990
$80,000 to $89,999	1,990	1,185	805	106,680	67,815	38,860
$90,000 to $99,999	1,375	845	530	76,470	51,990	24,480
$100,000 and over	3,235	2,355	875	220,890	171,245	49,645
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	32,705	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	64,695	...	...	69,995	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	56,143	...	...	61,280	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	12,530	...	...	541,915	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	39,000	...	...	35,701	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,490	...	...	31,899	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	20,180	...	...	1,340,055	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	89,283	...	...	88,466	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	77,192	...	...	77,108	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	32,710	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	79,968	...	...	90,354	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	67,444	...	...	75,209	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	12,535	...	...	541,925	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	45,195	...	...	46,696	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	38,352	...	...	39,091	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	20,165	...	...	1,340,045	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	101,586	...	...	108,010	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	85,530	...	...	89,816	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	32,705	...	...	1,881,965	...	...
Under $5,000	870	...	...	43,415	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	480	...	...	27,140	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,130	...	...	55,745	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,420	...	...	77,565	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,460	...	...	78,695	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,285	...	...	72,985	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,415	...	...	78,080	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,460	...	...	78,395	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,475	...	...	76,775	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,460	...	...	75,860	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,680	...	...	143,475	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,385	...	...	132,845	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,275	...	...	122,350	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,970	...	...	111,350	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,720	...	...	99,420	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,235	...	...	607,855	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,275	...	...	198,140	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,135	...	...	138,420	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,295	...	...	149,210	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,535	...	...	122,080	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	32,710	...	...	1,881,965	...	...
Under $5,000	895	...	...	46,350	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	475	...	...	27,605	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,140	...	...	56,780	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,480	...	...	80,315	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,700	...	...	89,795	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,665	...	...	88,035	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,750	...	...	93,640	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,815	...	...	92,220	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,775	...	...	91,635	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,700	...	...	88,520	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,000	...	...	165,685	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,695	...	...	150,650	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,405	...	...	136,430	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,925	...	...	118,520	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,620	...	...	101,185	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,655	...	...	454,595	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,955	...	...	187,490	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,680	...	...	111,260	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,025	...	...	155,845	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	18,860	...	...	1,276,275	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	90,463	...	...	88,451	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	78,083	...	...	77,002	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	7,950	...	...	519,030	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	86,741	...	...	80,788	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	74,761	...	...	70,464	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	7,445	...	...	536,175	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,872	...	...	111,736	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	95,832	...	...	96,176	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,730	...	...	179,945	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	56,764	...	...	51,056	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	51,040	...	...	46,668	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	18,865	...	...	1,275,865	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	102,779	...	...	108,241	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	86,336	...	...	89,792	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	7,970	...	...	518,295	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	95,284	...	...	100,772	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	79,744	...	...	83,021	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	7,405	...	...	536,580	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	125,520	...	...	131,213	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	104,946	...	...	108,407	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,780	...	...	179,615	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	67,271	...	...	63,004	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	58,026	...	...	54,655	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	16,395	8,075	8,320	768,855	373,390	395,465
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	35,232	37,028	33,502	31,255	33,342	29,674
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	31,429	32,704	30,171	28,320	29,815	27,221
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	16,440	8,085	8,355	766,660	371,595	395,060
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	41,163	42,416	39,951	41,666	44,615	38,892
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	35,115	35,790	34,461	35,191	37,100	33,395
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	69,905	34,325	35,575	4,560,235	2,237,490	2,322,745
In the bottom half of the distribution	33,805	16,150	17,655	2,265,245	1,078,695	1,186,555
In the bottom decile	7,975	3,850	4,125	537,405	258,275	279,140
In the second decile	6,595	3,020	3,575	449,395	205,320	244,075
In the third decile	6,130	2,915	3,215	420,355	198,845	221,510
In the fourth decile	6,475	3,115	3,360	422,805	203,710	219,095
In the fifth decile	6,620	3,245	3,375	435,290	212,555	222,735
In the top half of the distribution	36,105	18,180	17,925	2,294,990	1,158,795	1,136,195
In the sixth decile	6,855	3,400	3,460	442,070	218,225	223,845
In the seventh decile	7,385	3,705	3,680	451,795	226,240	225,555
In the eighth decile	7,615	3,855	3,765	462,900	233,935	228,970
In the ninth decile	7,915	4,000	3,910	473,535	241,165	232,375
In the top decile	6,330	3,220	3,105	464,685	239,235	225,450
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	69,905	34,330	35,580	4,477,875	2,196,415	2,281,460
0 to 17 years	10,535	5,470	5,065	822,390	422,685	399,710
0 to 5 years	3,845	1,960	1,885	260,110	133,670	126,445
18 to 64 years	49,260	24,335	24,925	2,876,495	1,404,390	1,472,105
65 years and over	10,110	4,525	5,585	778,990	369,345	409,645
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10,885	5,130	5,755	694,960	325,015	369,940
0 to 17 years	1,790	945	840	151,880	78,110	73,770
0 to 5 years	665	340	325	46,920	24,035	22,885
18 to 64 years	7,195	3,425	3,775	427,085	198,475	228,615
65 years and over	1,900	760	1,145	115,990	48,430	67,560
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.6	14.9	16.2	15.5	14.8	16.2
0 to 17 years (%)	17.0	17.3	16.6	18.5	18.5	18.5
0 to 5 years (%)	17.3	17.3	17.2	18.0	18.0	18.1
18 to 64 years (%)	14.6	14.1	15.1	14.8	14.1	15.5
65 years and over (%)	18.8	16.8	20.5	14.9	13.1	16.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	9,265	4,435	4,830	491,645	236,430	255,215
0 to 17 years	1,400	730	675	99,330	50,890	48,450
0 to 5 years	510	260	245	29,250	14,930	14,315
18 to 64 years	6,585	3,195	3,390	345,345	165,740	179,605
65 years and over	1,275	505	770	46,965	19,805	27,165
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	13.3	12.9	13.6	11.0	10.8	11.2
0 to 17 years (%)	13.3	13.3	13.3	12.1	12.0	12.1
0 to 5 years (%)	13.3	13.3	13.0	11.2	11.2	11.3
18 to 64 years (%)	13.4	13.1	13.6	12.0	11.8	12.2
65 years and over (%)	12.6	11.2	13.8	6.0	5.4	6.6
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	69,905	34,330	35,575	4,560,235	2,237,490	2,322,745
Official languages	68,135	33,595	34,540	4,407,125	2,173,840	2,233,285
English	68,100	33,575	34,525	4,405,380	2,173,040	2,232,340
French	5,530	2,570	2,955	314,225	140,085	174,140
Non-official languages	29,490	13,805	15,685	1,546,550	727,200	819,355
Aboriginal languages	15	10	10	17,190	8,115	9,075
Algonquian languages	0	10	0	1,950	905	1,045
Blackfoot	0	0	0	35	0	35
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	0	1,600	795	805
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	15	0	10
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	10	0	10
Plains Cree	0	0	0	345	160	180
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	55	25	30
Woods Cree	0	0	0	80	45	40
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,090	560	525
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	30	20	10
Malecite	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	15	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	310	100	205
Algonquin	0	0	0	20	0	15
Ojibway	0	0	0	275	95	180
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	15	0	15
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	4,375	2,050	2,330
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	4,345	2,035	2,315
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	200	100	95
Beaver	0	0	0	255	130	130
Carrier	10	0	10	2,045	940	1,110
Chilcotin	0	0	0	1,130	525	605
Dene	0	0	0	130	55	80
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	185	85	100
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	125	60	75
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	10	0	10
South Slavey	0	0	0	25	15	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	105	45	60
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	290	155	130
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	35	20	15
Tahltan	0	0	0	250	135	120
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	10	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	10
Haida	0	0	0	455	195	255
Inuit languages	0	0	0	170	70	95
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Inuktitut	0	0	0	120	50	70
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	25
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	30	10	15
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	25	10	15
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	170	95	80
Michif	0	0	0	110	50	60
Salish languages	0	0	0	5,660	2,690	2,970
Comox	0	0	0	185	75	105
Halkomelem	0	0	0	1,045	470	570
Lillooet	0	0	0	790	405	385
Okanagan	0	0	0	805	360	445
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	1,280	630	650
Squamish	0	0	0	280	125	155
Straits	0	0	0	360	160	200
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	440	220	220
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	540	280	260
Siouan languages	0	0	0	55	20	35
Dakota	0	0	0	30	15	15
Stoney	0	0	0	10	10	10
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Tlingit	0	0	0	60	40	20
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	2,685	1,330	1,350
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	1,275	635	645
Nisga'a	0	0	0	1,035	535	500
Tsimshian	0	0	0	405	180	230
Wakashan languages	10	10	0	1,460	670	795
Haisla	0	10	0	175	65	105
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	120	50	70
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	590	275	315
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	560	265	295
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	240	105	135
Non-Aboriginal languages	29,480	13,795	15,685	1,529,635	719,190	810,440
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,110	585	525	35,115	18,585	16,530
Berber languages	0	0	0	145	95	45
Kabyle	0	0	0	65	40	25
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	60	20
Cushitic languages	20	10	0	2,070	955	1,120
Bilen	0	0	0	20	10	15
Oromo	15	10	10	245	140	110
Somali	0	0	0	1,800	815	985
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Semitic languages	1,095	575	515	33,110	17,660	15,460
Amharic	190	100	90	2,095	1,050	1,045
Arabic	785	420	365	24,230	13,180	11,050
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	20	0	15	760	370	390
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	570	285	285
Harari	0	0	0	55	35	20
Hebrew	60	35	30	5,450	2,805	2,645
Maltese	0	0	0	315	155	155
Tigrigna	130	75	50	1,055	560	495
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	300	160	140
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	170	85	85
Austro-Asiatic languages	290	125	165	35,915	17,130	18,785
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	10	10	1,875	850	1,020
Vietnamese	265	115	155	34,140	16,295	17,840
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	25
Austronesian languages	4,710	1,970	2,740	125,425	51,215	74,210
Bikol	30	15	15	530	215	310
Cebuano	225	90	130	5,365	2,000	3,370
Fijian	10	10	0	1,095	655	440
Hiligaynon	30	10	20	1,685	710	975
Ilocano	220	90	130	6,450	2,480	3,970
Malagasy	0	0	0	25	15	10
Malay	275	140	135	7,495	3,480	4,010
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	40	15	25	855	365	495
Pangasinan	25	0	20	480	205	275
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	4,330	1,780	2,545	113,265	45,455	67,805
Waray-Waray	10	0	10	320	130	195
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	50	20	30	1,515	740	775
Creole languages	60	35	25	2,485	1,320	1,165
Haitian Creole	10	0	0	135	55	75
Creole, n.o.s.	0	10	0	1,310	730	585
Creole languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	1,055	540	515
Dravidian languages	270	130	140	10,390	5,485	4,905
Kannada	0	0	0	510	250	265
Malayalam	55	25	30	3,350	1,795	1,550
Tamil	190	90	100	5,445	2,830	2,610
Telugu	35	20	15	1,720	970	750
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	30	55
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	165	85	80
Indo-European languages	14,225	6,925	7,300	764,815	371,760	393,060
Albanian	55	35	20	1,640	840	795
Armenian	25	10	15	1,680	845	835
Balto-Slavic languages	3,290	1,560	1,725	94,050	44,710	49,340
Baltic languages	40	20	15	1,030	515	520
Latvian	30	15	20	555	290	265
Lithuanian	10	0	0	475	220	250
Slavic languages	3,250	1,540	1,710	93,235	44,305	48,940
Belarusan	15	15	0	245	115	125
Bosnian	95	50	40	2,075	1,020	1,050
Bulgarian	250	120	130	2,430	1,105	1,325
Croatian	335	150	180	10,685	5,255	5,430
Czech	135	60	75	7,480	3,665	3,815
Macedonian	15	15	0	400	220	185
Polish	555	260	300	19,175	8,980	10,190
Russian	1,295	615	675	33,990	15,850	18,135
Serbian	465	220	245	9,110	4,625	4,485
Serbo-Croatian	80	35	45	1,525	770	750
Slovak	120	65	55	4,270	2,045	2,225
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	0	1,375	610	760
Ukrainian	380	195	180	10,740	4,835	5,905
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	15	420	215	205
Celtic languages	45	25	20	1,855	990	865
Scottish Gaelic	15	10	10	660	395	265
Welsh	10	0	0	345	145	195
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	860	450	410
Germanic languages	1,630	770	860	136,685	65,350	71,335
Afrikaans	80	50	30	7,670	3,875	3,800
Danish	70	30	40	5,510	2,490	3,020
Dutch	360	170	195	24,060	11,520	12,550
Frisian	0	0	0	465	230	240
German	1,050	505	545	95,005	45,840	49,165
Icelandic	0	0	0	405	210	195
Norwegian	25	0	20	2,845	1,425	1,415
Swedish	90	50	45	4,825	2,125	2,695
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0	545	270	275
Yiddish	0	10	0	505	225	280
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	155	95	60
Greek	130	95	35	9,095	4,725	4,370
Indo-Iranian languages	5,155	2,510	2,645	363,205	181,340	181,865
Indo-Aryan languages	4,450	2,130	2,320	311,955	155,465	156,490
Bengali	185	105	80	3,670	1,885	1,785
Gujarati	155	60	90	11,500	5,455	6,050
Hindi	1,530	730	800	81,330	39,950	41,380
Kashmiri	10	0	10	60	30	25
Konkani	10	0	10	415	215	200
Marathi	0	0	0	1,475	780	695
Nepali	55	25	30	1,485	725	760
Oriya (Odia)	10	0	10	70	40	30
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,955	1,405	1,550	244,485	122,450	122,035
Sindhi	55	15	35	3,300	1,415	1,885
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	15	15	2,430	1,265	1,170
Urdu	245	145	95	16,750	8,840	7,915
Iranian languages	760	410	345	52,300	26,435	25,870
Kurdish	50	35	15	2,225	1,185	1,040
Pashto	55	45	10	1,660	940	725
Persian (Farsi)	700	370	330	49,835	25,135	24,690
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	935	490	450
Italic (Romance) languages	4,360	2,140	2,220	177,685	83,505	94,185
Catalan	30	10	15	395	210	180
Italian	670	325	345	37,475	18,075	19,400
Portuguese	565	300	270	23,260	11,060	12,200
Romanian	820	380	440	10,045	4,945	5,105
Spanish	2,510	1,240	1,270	115,115	53,215	61,900
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	380	245	140
Japanese	945	440	505	36,990	15,955	21,040
Kartvelian languages	15	10	10	115	55	60
Georgian	10	0	0	115	55	55
Korean	1,395	645	750	57,490	26,310	31,180
Mongolic languages	15	10	10	370	170	200
Mongolian	15	10	0	370	165	195
Niger-Congo languages	300	175	125	8,025	4,130	3,895
Akan (Twi)	35	30	10	630	350	280
Bamanankan	0	0	0	30	20	15
Edo	0	0	0	145	80	60
Ewe	0	0	0	135	90	45
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	105	30	70
Ga	0	0	0	150	95	50
Ganda	15	10	10	165	80	85
Igbo	0	0	0	425	240	185
Lingala	20	15	0	280	125	150
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	125	45	75
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	290	125	165
Shona	10	0	0	415	220	195
Swahili	115	80	30	3,365	1,785	1,575
Wolof	10	10	10	50	25	30
Yoruba	0	0	0	885	455	435
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	100	40	65	1,835	840	1,000
Nilo-Saharan languages	35	20	10	405	210	200
Dinka	20	15	10	85	50	35
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	325	155	165
Sign languages	165	45	120	7,545	2,865	4,680
American Sign Language	130	35	95	3,860	1,280	2,575
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	45	10	35	3,780	1,615	2,160
Sino-Tibetan languages	6,030	2,780	3,250	457,595	211,220	246,375
Chinese languages	6,010	2,775	3,230	454,885	209,850	245,030
Cantonese	2,495	1,170	1,320	234,445	108,485	125,960
Hakka	40	20	15	2,715	1,290	1,430
Mandarin	4,000	1,810	2,195	265,635	119,995	145,640
Min Dong	0	0	0	130	55	75
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	180	90	90	16,410	7,230	9,185
Wu (Shanghainese)	65	25	35	5,600	2,445	3,155
Chinese, n.o.s.	145	80	65	10,380	4,725	5,650
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	200	75	120
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	0	20	3,000	1,500	1,505
Burmese	10	0	0	1,490	730	755
Karenic languages	0	0	0	955	485	465
Tibetan	20	0	15	375	205	165
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	330	150	180
Tai-Kadai languages	145	50	95	5,635	2,190	3,450
Lao	20	10	10	1,630	735	890
Thai	125	45	85	4,275	1,535	2,740
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Turkic languages	245	145	100	6,785	3,685	3,095
Azerbaijani	45	25	25	945	510	435
Turkish	200	120	80	5,585	3,025	2,555
Uyghur	0	0	0	115	60	55
Uzbek	10	0	0	170	95	75
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	275	140	130
Uralic languages	425	170	250	15,280	7,095	8,185
Estonian	20	0	20	780	350	425
Finnish	105	35	75	4,030	1,640	2,385
Hungarian	295	135	160	10,495	5,100	5,395
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	60	30	30	1,045	575	470
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	69,905	34,330	35,575	4,560,235	2,237,485	2,322,750
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	61,955	30,500	31,455	4,138,300	2,038,285	2,100,015
Canadian citizens aged under 18	9,725	4,995	4,735	790,485	406,970	383,510
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	52,230	25,510	26,720	3,347,820	1,631,310	1,716,505
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	7,945	3,825	4,125	421,935	199,205	222,735
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	69,905	34,325	35,575	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	43,330	21,910	21,425	3,167,155	1,584,305	1,582,855
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	24,375	11,315	13,060	1,292,675	603,800	688,875
Before 1981	5,025	2,425	2,605	356,155	171,330	184,825
1981 to 1990	2,615	1,205	1,410	152,220	70,475	81,750
1991 to 2000	5,795	2,660	3,140	287,505	132,190	155,315
2001 to 2010	7,435	3,350	4,085	321,240	147,250	173,985
2001 to 2005	3,500	1,590	1,915	147,735	67,425	80,305
2006 to 2010	3,935	1,765	2,175	173,505	79,825	93,680
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	3,500	1,680	1,820	175,555	82,555	92,995
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	2,200	1,100	1,095	100,405	49,385	51,020
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	24,375	11,315	13,055	1,292,670	603,800	688,875
Under 5 years	1,970	975	995	112,665	56,495	56,175
5 to 14 years	4,140	2,180	1,960	212,710	108,975	103,730
15 to 24 years	4,615	2,145	2,470	279,495	126,690	152,805
25 to 44 years	11,085	4,865	6,215	537,500	242,185	295,310
45 years and over	2,570	1,150	1,420	150,305	69,455	80,845
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	24,375	11,315	13,060	1,292,675	603,800	688,875
Americas	2,335	1,115	1,220	110,850	50,515	60,330
Brazil	120	45	75	3,800	1,545	2,260
Colombia	120	65	60	3,915	1,720	2,195
El Salvador	190	105	90	5,425	2,710	2,715
Guyana	40	15	25	1,305	600	710
Haiti	15	10	0	570	250	315
Jamaica	110	45	60	3,505	1,770	1,735
Mexico	285	135	150	10,375	4,425	5,945
Peru	70	30	40	3,265	1,330	1,930
Trinidad and Tobago	130	40	95	2,620	1,205	1,415
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	810	430	380	57,780	26,425	31,355
Other places of birth in Americas	450	210	245	18,295	8,530	9,765
Europe	6,200	2,990	3,210	319,885	156,975	162,915
Bosnia and Herzegovina	285	140	145	4,570	2,230	2,345
Croatia	185	95	90	5,780	2,945	2,830
France	70	30	35	5,700	2,895	2,805
Germany	365	155	205	35,045	16,835	18,210
Greece	40	35	10	3,630	1,965	1,670
Hungary	165	80	80	6,175	3,145	3,030
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	70	40	25	5,890	3,090	2,795
Italy	160	100	65	15,405	8,050	7,355
Netherlands	205	105	105	18,225	9,365	8,855
Poland	420	180	240	15,115	6,965	8,145
Portugal	180	95	90	8,215	4,125	4,090
Romania	695	330	365	8,995	4,400	4,595
Russian Federation	425	195	225	10,920	4,700	6,215
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	235	120	115	4,480	2,225	2,260
Ukraine	325	170	160	7,500	3,520	3,980
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	1,495	725	765	123,810	60,975	62,835
Other places of birth in Europe	875	395	485	40,425	19,545	20,880
Africa	1,060	590	470	42,805	21,500	21,310
Algeria	10	10	0	485	310	175
Egypt	50	30	20	2,705	1,480	1,225
Ethiopia	115	55	65	2,070	1,015	1,060
Kenya	90	45	45	4,705	2,175	2,535
Morocco	30	10	20	985	535	455
Nigeria	50	25	30	1,740	925	815
Somalia	10	0	0	1,080	515	570
South Africa, Republic of	130	65	70	13,375	6,700	6,675
Other places of birth in Africa	575	350	225	15,645	7,840	7,800
Asia	14,165	6,335	7,825	788,055	359,835	428,220
Afghanistan	290	155	140	5,040	2,550	2,490
Bangladesh	125	75	55	2,125	1,080	1,040
China^{Census data footnote 59}	2,555	1,125	1,430	199,990	89,145	110,845
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	815	375	435	74,210	34,120	40,090
India	1,970	940	1,025	162,650	79,395	83,245
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	335	195	140	37,160	18,890	18,270
Iraq	215	125	90	5,550	2,855	2,690
Japan	345	120	225	13,365	3,840	9,520
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	970	400	570	41,515	18,870	22,645
Lebanon	75	40	35	2,235	1,290	950
Pakistan	130	65	65	10,665	5,470	5,190
Philippines	4,325	1,810	2,515	112,100	45,890	66,210
Sri Lanka	105	45	60	4,585	2,360	2,230
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	50	25	25	2,845	1,450	1,400
Taiwan	570	240	330	38,900	17,450	21,450
Viet Nam	200	95	100	27,875	12,970	14,905
Other places of birth in Asia	1,085	510	575	47,255	22,215	25,045
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	615	280	330	31,075	14,975	16,100
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	3,495	1,680	1,820	175,555	82,555	92,995
Americas	400	195	200	14,550	7,160	7,385
Brazil	25	0	15	1,145	525	615
Colombia	35	15	20	580	250	325
Cuba	0	0	0	140	60	80
Haiti	0	0	0	35	35	10
Jamaica	0	0	0	625	355	265
Mexico	90	35	55	2,885	1,420	1,460
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	150	90	65	6,485	3,290	3,190
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	15	0	0	270	115	155
Other places of birth in Americas	85	45	40	2,380	1,105	1,275
Europe	515	245	270	19,735	10,260	9,475
France	10	10	10	970	510	460
Germany	20	10	10	1,450	775	675
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	10	10	0	1,430	900	530
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	15	10	0	245	120	125
Romania	85	30	50	690	310	380
Russian Federation	55	10	45	1,735	620	1,110
Ukraine	70	35	35	1,230	495	735
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	90	65	20	6,540	3,840	2,695
Other places of birth in Europe	170	75	95	5,455	2,685	2,765
Africa	165	110	60	6,200	3,150	3,050
Algeria	0	0	0	65	40	20
Cameroon	0	0	0	65	25	35
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	150	80	75
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	20	10	10
Egypt	25	15	10	625	340	290
Eritrea	45	35	10	320	175	145
Ethiopia	15	0	10	305	170	140
Morocco	0	0	0	205	115	95
Nigeria	20	10	0	645	325	315
Somalia	0	0	0	355	145	215
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	0	1,625	815	810
Tunisia	0	0	0	80	30	45
Other places of birth in Africa	35	25	10	1,745	890	860
Asia	2,395	1,110	1,280	131,880	60,140	71,735
Afghanistan	85	50	35	870	455	415
Bangladesh	50	30	20	470	230	245
China^{Census data footnote 59}	435	165	270	38,105	16,965	21,140
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	25	20	10	1,800	770	1,030
India	320	140	180	27,460	13,780	13,680
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	90	55	35	8,645	4,315	4,330
Iraq	55	35	20	1,910	940	965
Israel	10	0	0	365	205	160
Japan	60	20	40	2,285	570	1,715
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	140	55	85	8,025	3,430	4,595
Lebanon	10	0	0	265	155	110
Nepal	0	0	0	310	115	195
Pakistan	35	0	25	1,965	990	975
Philippines	815	410	405	26,680	11,615	15,065
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	400	180	215
Sri Lanka	10	0	0	535	265	265
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	35	25	15	2,185	1,095	1,085
Taiwan	60	25	35	2,505	970	1,530
Turkey	10	10	10	395	220	170
United Arab Emirates	20	10	10	385	195	195
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,780	685	1,090
Other places of birth in Asia	115	40	75	4,545	1,980	2,560
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	30	20	10	3,185	1,845	1,340
Australia	20	10	10	1,920	1,130	790
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	10	10	0	1,265	715	550
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	69,905	34,325	35,575	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	27,050	12,680	14,370	1,426,450	670,440	756,010
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	17,335	8,725	8,610	1,043,860	523,340	520,520
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	25,520	12,925	12,595	2,089,925	1,043,705	1,046,225
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	19,695	9,060	10,635	955,955	442,040	513,915
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	11,125	5,185	5,940	537,875	258,560	279,315
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	4,670	2,395	2,275	209,685	123,645	86,040
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	6,455	2,795	3,665	328,185	134,915	193,275
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	6,045	2,565	3,485	323,440	133,775	189,670
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	2,405	1,250	1,155	82,360	44,250	38,110
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	120	60	60	12,285	5,455	6,825
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	69,905	34,325	35,580	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	2,295	1,070	1,225	270,585	130,265	140,320
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	2,215	1,050	1,170	263,540	127,115	136,425
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	1,320	610	710	172,520	83,645	88,880
Métis	895	440	455	89,405	42,715	46,690
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	10	1,610	760	855
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	40	15	20	4,350	2,090	2,260
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	40	10	30	2,695	1,060	1,635
Non-Aboriginal identity	67,610	33,260	34,355	4,289,655	2,107,225	2,182,430
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	69,905	34,325	35,575	4,560,240	2,237,485	2,322,750
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	870	380	495	135,835	65,560	70,280
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	69,035	33,950	35,085	4,424,400	2,171,930	2,252,470
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	69,905	34,330	35,575	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	470	205	265	91,710	45,690	46,020
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	470	210	265	90,390	45,100	45,295
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	395	175	225	79,875	39,685	40,190
Métis single ancestry	75	35	45	10,080	5,215	4,865
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	430	200	235
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	0	1,325	595	725
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	1,175	535	635
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	100	50	50
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	45	10	45
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	2,430	1,220	1,210	211,100	100,835	110,260
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	2,310	1,170	1,140	201,895	96,650	105,245
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,575	785	790	130,020	62,170	67,850
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	735	385	345	70,180	33,595	36,585
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	1,700	890	815
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	120	50	70	9,200	4,185	5,015
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	125	50	70	8,865	4,050	4,810
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	165	75	90
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	125	35	90
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	45	20	20
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	67,005	32,900	34,105	4,257,430	2,090,960	2,166,465
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	69,905	34,330	35,575	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	27,210	12,770	14,440	1,381,235	658,260	722,975
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	5,790	2,750	3,040	365,705	183,650	182,055
Chinese	7,020	3,285	3,735	508,480	237,805	270,670
Black	1,740	930	815	43,500	22,455	21,045
Filipino	5,755	2,580	3,180	145,025	62,505	82,520
Latin American	1,275	660	610	44,115	20,600	23,515
Arab	570	305	270	19,840	10,865	8,980
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	795	340	455	54,920	25,975	28,950
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	730	390	335	48,695	24,880	23,810
Korean	1,500	700	800	60,495	27,915	32,580
Japanese	945	375	570	41,230	17,435	23,800
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	215	95	125	8,760	4,280	4,485
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	870	365	500	40,465	19,900	20,565
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	42,695	21,555	21,140	3,179,005	1,579,230	1,599,775
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	69,905	34,330	35,580	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
North American Aboriginal origins	2,905	1,430	1,475	302,810	146,530	156,280
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,095	1,005	1,085	220,245	106,595	113,650
Inuit	0	0	0	2,615	1,280	1,340
Métis	935	475	460	90,515	43,460	47,050
Other North American origins	11,085	5,695	5,395	922,690	460,355	462,335
Acadian	90	30	60	3,940	1,960	1,980
American	1,060	560	500	78,170	37,765	40,405
Canadian	10,345	5,305	5,035	866,530	432,975	433,560
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	60	45	15
Newfoundlander	15	0	15	1,875	995	880
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	185	95	85
Ontarian	0	0	0	130	55	75
Québécois	15	10	10	1,830	945	880
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	10	0	0	405	175	230
European origins	42,185	21,095	21,090	2,857,080	1,408,510	1,448,575
British Isles origins	26,440	13,255	13,185	1,926,040	945,580	980,460
Channel Islander	0	0	0	455	230	220
Cornish	0	0	10	610	340	265
English	15,710	7,745	7,965	1,203,540	585,700	617,845
Irish	10,290	5,035	5,255	675,135	318,455	356,675
Manx	10	10	0	1,810	835	975
Scottish	12,375	6,120	6,250	860,775	417,080	443,700
Welsh	1,550	705	845	113,905	54,260	59,645
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	1,790	860	930	122,700	59,225	63,475
French origins	5,335	2,515	2,820	388,815	184,705	204,110
Alsatian	0	0	0	210	95	115
Breton	10	0	0	110	45	65
Corsican	0	0	0	105	40	65
French	5,335	2,520	2,820	388,580	184,595	203,980
Western European origins (except French origins)	10,415	5,110	5,310	839,860	411,165	428,695
Austrian	820	410	410	48,510	23,030	25,485
Bavarian	0	0	0	225	105	120
Belgian	265	120	145	19,980	9,615	10,360
Dutch	2,490	1,245	1,245	213,670	105,040	108,630
Flemish	50	20	25	2,215	1,145	1,075
Frisian	0	0	10	850	425	425
German	7,460	3,675	3,785	603,265	294,860	308,410
Luxembourger	10	10	0	695	340	355
Swiss	345	175	170	31,390	15,510	15,880
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	35	10	25	905	425	485
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	4,635	2,125	2,510	346,525	166,100	180,425
Danish	720	350	365	58,205	27,985	30,220
Finnish	570	255	315	34,150	16,285	17,870
Icelandic	370	195	165	26,410	12,860	13,545
Norwegian	1,740	785	955	138,430	66,870	71,565
Swedish	1,580	650	930	110,030	51,000	59,030
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	210	110	100	15,080	7,610	7,470
Eastern European origins	9,995	4,860	5,135	569,260	275,900	293,360
Bulgarian	285	130	150	4,015	1,875	2,140
Byelorussian	65	40	20	2,760	1,400	1,365
Czech	395	245	150	23,375	11,500	11,875
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	35	15	15	7,970	3,795	4,175
Estonian	100	45	55	4,840	2,250	2,590
Hungarian	880	405	480	56,535	27,450	29,090
Latvian	120	50	65	4,935	2,565	2,370
Lithuanian	120	55	70	7,225	3,465	3,755
Moldovan	75	25	45	1,085	510	580
Polish	2,515	1,225	1,290	149,635	71,605	78,030
Romanian	1,110	510	605	31,250	15,125	16,125
Russian	2,295	1,060	1,230	131,060	62,880	68,180
Slovak	295	145	155	11,220	5,440	5,780
Ukrainian	3,660	1,855	1,810	229,205	111,285	117,915
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	35	15	20	3,555	1,645	1,915
Southern European origins	7,120	3,640	3,480	334,740	164,780	169,960
Albanian	75	45	30	1,925	975	950
Bosnian	130	65	65	3,290	1,635	1,655
Catalan	10	10	0	120	85	30
Croatian	620	305	315	23,845	12,180	11,660
Cypriot	0	10	0	440	230	205
Greek	465	265	200	24,460	12,410	12,050
Italian	2,735	1,400	1,335	166,095	83,095	83,000
Kosovar	0	0	0	280	135	145
Macedonian	40	25	15	1,205	620	580
Maltese	30	20	10	2,645	1,350	1,295
Montenegrin	45	10	30	710	360	350
Portuguese	970	510	465	41,770	20,620	21,145
Serbian	575	320	250	12,895	6,625	6,270
Sicilian	15	10	10	545	295	255
Slovenian	80	30	55	5,555	2,725	2,825
Spanish	1,890	920	970	64,470	29,245	35,225
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	160	65	95	7,080	3,360	3,725
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	395	200	195
Other European origins	520	305	210	34,700	17,800	16,900
Basque	15	10	0	840	470	375
Jewish	265	155	115	17,580	8,950	8,635
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	805	320	485
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	965	520	450
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	240	150	90	14,715	7,635	7,080
Caribbean origins	720	345	375	25,010	12,350	12,660
Antiguan	25	20	10	220	115	105
Bahamian	10	10	0	255	140	110
Barbadian	45	20	25	1,870	945	930
Bermudan	10	0	10	335	155	175
Carib	0	0	0	70	50	25
Cuban	35	20	15	1,320	615	700
Dominican	20	10	10	735	330	410
Grenadian	35	20	20	380	195	185
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	15	0	15
Haitian	15	10	10	1,140	530	615
Jamaican	275	140	130	10,545	5,425	5,120
Kittitian/Nevisian	10	15	0	130	70	55
Martinican	0	0	0	25	0	20
Montserratan	0	0	0	25	15	10
Puerto Rican	25	10	15	570	260	310
St. Lucian	10	0	0	190	85	110
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	120	50	70	4,170	2,085	2,085
Vincentian/Grenadinian	10	0	10	415	180	230
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	50	15	40	2,120	930	1,190
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	95	50	45	1,920	945	975
Latin, Central and South American origins	1,830	935	900	69,920	33,580	36,335
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	90	40	50	2,625	1,350	1,275
Arawak	0	0	0	90	45	45
Argentinian	40	15	25	2,025	910	1,120
Belizean	0	0	0	125	60	65
Bolivian	20	15	10	375	145	230
Brazilian	150	70	80	5,455	2,465	2,990
Chilean	155	65	95	5,700	2,740	2,955
Colombian	235	140	90	5,860	2,805	3,055
Costa Rican	0	0	0	810	385	425
Ecuadorian	25	20	0	1,040	490	550
Guatemalan	75	35	40	2,575	1,310	1,265
Guyanese	40	30	10	1,925	995	935
Hispanic	80	60	25	1,535	720	810
Honduran	30	10	15	1,445	750	695
Maya	25	15	10	930	475	455
Mexican	495	250	250	23,055	11,025	12,035
Nicaraguan	25	10	15	1,520	735	785
Panamanian	25	15	10	325	140	185
Paraguayan	10	10	0	895	475	420
Peruvian	45	15	30	3,905	1,775	2,135
Salvadorean	135	75	60	6,815	3,390	3,425
Uruguayan	25	20	10	410	205	205
Venezuelan	75	25	45	1,900	915	980
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	100	50	50	3,310	1,605	1,705
African origins	1,860	1,045	815	59,985	30,635	29,345
Central and West African origins	285	160	120	7,075	3,810	3,265
Akan	10	0	0	40	30	10
Angolan	0	0	0	90	55	35
Ashanti	0	10	0	85	30	50
Beninese	0	10	0	35	20	15
Burkinabe	0	0	0	45	30	15
Cameroonian	0	0	0	150	85	70
Chadian	0	0	0	70	50	25
Congolese	40	30	10	810	405	400
Edo	0	0	0	85	55	30
Ewe	0	0	0	55	25	30
Gabonese	0	0	0	10	0	10
Gambian	0	0	0	25	10	15
Ghanaian	70	40	25	1,600	865	730
Guinean	0	0	0	130	45	80
Ibo	0	10	0	280	160	115
Ivorian	15	10	0	100	55	50
Liberian	40	15	20	250	95	150
Malian	0	0	0	80	55	25
Malinké	0	0	0	10	0	0
Nigerian	60	30	25	2,615	1,430	1,185
Peulh	20	0	15	20	0	15
Senegalese	20	10	10	95	75	25
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	130	60	65
Togolese	10	0	0	100	70	40
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	10	255	135	125
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	25	10	15	620	305	315
North African origins	330	170	155	9,840	5,210	4,630
Algerian	0	10	0	770	465	305
Berber	0	0	10	210	130	80
Coptic	15	10	0	150	90	65
Dinka	15	10	15	45	25	15
Egyptian	70	55	15	4,520	2,340	2,180
Libyan	15	10	10	420	275	140
Maure	0	0	0	150	60	90
Moroccan	70	30	45	2,005	1,105	895
Sudanese	135	55	80	1,225	535	695
Tunisian	15	10	0	500	290	215
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	215	115	105
Southern and East African origins	695	400	300	24,800	12,345	12,450
Afrikaner	0	0	0	705	355	355
Amhara	10	0	10	115	60	50
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	25	10	15	255	140	120
Burundian	0	0	0	215	95	120
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	120	75	45	1,055	550	505
Ethiopian	160	85	75	2,550	1,280	1,270
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	50	25	25	1,615	775	845
Malagasy	0	0	10	105	65	40
Mauritian	35	25	0	975	520	450
Oromo	10	10	0	140	75	65
Rwandan	10	0	0	420	225	195
Seychellois	0	0	0	25	15	15
Somali	20	15	0	2,295	1,115	1,180
South African	150	95	55	11,060	5,510	5,550
Tanzanian	20	10	0	490	220	275
Tigrian	15	10	10	205	110	95
Ugandan	35	15	20	775	390	380
Zambian	0	0	0	210	95	110
Zimbabwean	15	15	0	855	445	405
Zulu	0	0	0	75	25	45
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	75	45	25	1,840	910	930
Other African origins	565	320	245	19,215	9,745	9,465
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	45	25	15	2,660	1,315	1,340
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	525	295	230	16,740	8,515	8,225
Asian origins	24,480	11,390	13,095	1,312,445	624,270	688,175
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	1,990	1,055	935	99,560	51,315	48,245
Afghan	355	185	170	7,895	4,005	3,885
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	120	55	60	5,660	3,125	2,540
Armenian	80	45	40	3,715	1,905	1,815
Assyrian	25	0	15	545	295	250
Azerbaijani	55	30	25	990	570	425
Georgian	25	15	0	740	380	355
Hazara	0	0	0	55	30	20
Iranian	500	265	235	47,985	24,290	23,695
Iraqi	250	130	115	5,575	2,860	2,715
Israeli	60	20	40	2,655	1,370	1,285
Jordanian	35	15	20	785	425	355
Kazakh	25	15	10	385	205	175
Kurd	55	40	10	2,120	1,165	950
Kuwaiti	15	10	0	125	85	40
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	175	90	85
Lebanese	155	85	65	7,980	4,175	3,805
Palestinian	75	35	35	2,625	1,410	1,210
Pashtun	0	0	0	360	200	160
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	975	615	360
Syrian	55	40	15	3,955	1,905	2,055
Tajik	10	0	10	260	135	125
Tatar	25	10	15	790	365	425
Turk	190	105	90	6,355	3,485	2,865
Turkmen	10	0	0	120	70	55
Uighur	0	0	0	130	65	60
Uzbek	10	10	0	270	150	120
Yemeni	15	10	10	300	185	115
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	85	30	55	2,635	1,340	1,295
South Asian origins	5,685	2,725	2,960	363,885	182,650	181,235
Bangladeshi	85	35	50	1,840	925	920
Bengali	65	40	25	850	405	445
Bhutanese	0	0	0	120	65	55
East Indian	4,785	2,290	2,500	309,315	154,795	154,520
Goan	10	0	0	485	245	240
Gujarati	10	0	10	700	335	365
Kashmiri	0	0	0	185	100	85
Nepali	30	10	20	1,495	690	805
Pakistani	200	100	100	12,585	6,565	6,015
Punjabi	395	195	200	38,725	19,700	19,025
Sinhalese	10	15	0	620	325	300
Sri Lankan	140	55	90	5,710	2,970	2,740
Tamil	60	30	30	1,235	670	560
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	200	105	95	8,245	4,070	4,170
East and Southeast Asian origins	16,970	7,705	9,260	855,345	393,475	461,875
Burmese	15	0	15	2,310	1,135	1,175
Cambodian (Khmer)	35	15	15	3,235	1,580	1,655
Chinese	8,310	3,825	4,480	540,155	253,065	287,090
Filipino	6,125	2,730	3,395	158,215	68,710	89,505
Hmong	0	0	0	130	70	60
Indonesian	230	105	125	6,625	3,115	3,510
Japanese	1,170	475	695	51,150	22,200	28,945
Karen	0	0	0	895	450	445
Korean	1,540	705	835	63,300	29,330	33,975
Laotian	45	15	30	2,530	1,275	1,255
Malaysian	180	85	100	5,060	2,260	2,800
Mongolian	40	25	10	1,495	740	760
Singaporean	30	20	10	1,055	490	560
Taiwanese	255	125	135	21,455	9,810	11,650
Thai	170	80	90	5,065	1,870	3,195
Tibetan	20	10	10	550	290	260
Vietnamese	380	180	205	41,435	20,205	21,230
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	15	0	15	785	310	470
Other Asian origins	70	35	35	2,500	1,250	1,250
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	70	35	30	2,500	1,250	1,255
Oceania origins	965	475	490	41,125	20,605	20,520
Australian	280	145	135	16,240	8,385	7,855
New Zealander	140	80	50	6,565	3,405	3,155
Pacific Islands origins	550	250	300	19,135	9,240	9,890
Fijian	525	225	300	14,145	6,895	7,250
Hawaiian	15	15	0	2,200	970	1,235
Maori	0	0	0	1,120	595	530
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	600	275	325
Samoan	0	0	0	485	255	230
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	10	10	10	905	440	465
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	32,710	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Owner	18,340	...	...	1,279,020	...	...
Renter	14,370	...	...	599,360	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	3,590	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	32,710	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Condominium	13,930	...	...	416,770	...	...
Not condominium	18,780	...	...	1,465,200	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	32,710	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
No bedrooms	690	...	...	22,705	...	...
1 bedroom	10,765	...	...	311,035	...	...
2 bedrooms	12,565	...	...	514,015	...	...
3 bedrooms	4,490	...	...	513,135	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,205	...	...	521,075	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	32,710	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	19,440	...	...	642,910	...	...
5 rooms	4,480	...	...	274,780	...	...
6 rooms	2,605	...	...	235,845	...	...
7 rooms	1,760	...	...	199,715	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,425	...	...	528,720	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.7	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	32,710	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
One person or fewer per room	31,635	...	...	1,839,850	...	...
More than 1 person per room	1,075	...	...	42,120	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	32,710	...	...	1,881,965	...	...
Suitable	30,090	...	...	1,781,905	...	...
Not suitable	2,615	...	...	100,060	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	32,710	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
1960 or before	6,990	...	...	267,560	...	...
1961 to 1980	8,405	...	...	559,485	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,300	...	...	289,565	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,160	...	...	331,865	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,525	...	...	125,335	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,700	...	...	171,945	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	2,630	...	...	136,210	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	32,710	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	30,150	...	...	1,763,105	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,560	...	...	118,865	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	32,705	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
1 household maintainer	20,185	...	...	1,091,500	...	...
2 household maintainers	11,635	...	...	725,675	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	895	...	...	64,790	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	32,705	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,100	...	...	58,620	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,730	...	...	253,950	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,695	...	...	304,185	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,945	...	...	378,545	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,345	...	...	390,185	...	...
65 to 74 years	4,050	...	...	288,165	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,080	...	...	152,225	...	...
85 years and over	765	...	...	56,085	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	32,665	...	...	1,832,420	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	22,445	...	...	1,320,210	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,220	...	...	512,210	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,600	...	...	420,705	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	18,325	...	...	1,242,600	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	67.0	...	...	58.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	24.2	...	...	20.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,406	...	...	1,149	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,521	...	...	1,387	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	470,537	...	...	500,874	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	635,451	...	...	720,689	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	14,370	...	...	592,825	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	11.6	...	...	12.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	40.3	...	...	43.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	956	...	...	1,036	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,045	...	...	1,149	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	61,100	29,755	31,345	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,015	3,510	3,505	601,640	305,320	296,315
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	17,050	8,585	8,460	1,138,565	549,580	588,985
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	37,035	17,665	19,370	2,130,175	1,027,870	1,102,310
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,535	3,275	1,260	338,980	250,270	88,720
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	2,190	1,280	910	142,935	83,055	59,880
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	2,345	1,995	350	196,045	167,210	28,840
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	12,040	5,095	6,945	700,945	280,300	420,645
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,300	870	1,435	138,010	54,420	83,585
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	18,155	8,420	9,735	952,240	442,880	509,360
Bachelor's degree	12,190	5,550	6,635	622,670	281,020	341,655
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,305	535	770	69,005	28,575	40,430
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	315	150	170	29,110	16,690	12,420
Master's degree	3,870	1,870	1,995	195,825	94,360	101,465
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	475	320	160	35,625	22,240	13,390
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	43,360	21,365	22,000	2,532,975	1,227,040	1,305,940
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,860	1,625	1,235	244,000	134,410	109,585
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	10,365	5,530	4,835	671,010	330,835	340,175
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,135	14,210	15,930	1,617,965	761,790	856,175
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,205	2,320	885	231,445	172,290	59,155
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	1,540	890	645	97,350	56,920	40,435
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,665	1,430	240	134,095	115,370	18,725
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	9,670	4,140	5,530	528,805	210,880	317,925
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,835	700	1,140	99,695	39,205	60,490
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	15,420	7,050	8,370	758,015	339,415	418,605
Bachelor's degree	10,315	4,670	5,645	497,845	219,005	278,840
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,120	445	675	52,955	20,995	31,965
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	255	110	145	22,440	11,665	10,775
Master's degree	3,350	1,575	1,770	159,740	73,335	86,405
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	385	250	135	25,030	14,420	10,615
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	61,095	29,760	31,340	3,870,380	1,882,770	1,987,610
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	24,065	12,095	11,965	1,740,205	854,900	885,300
Education	2,160	410	1,750	144,100	34,915	109,185
13. Education	2,160	410	1,745	144,100	34,910	109,185
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,290	1,100	1,195	98,735	44,465	54,275
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	430	315	110	16,970	12,880	4,090
50. Visual and performing arts	1,865	780	1,075	81,765	31,580	50,185
Humanities	2,450	1,000	1,450	124,600	49,025	75,575
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	280	55	220	15,235	3,675	11,555
23. English language and literature/letters	855	275	580	34,710	10,845	23,865
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	665	275	390	35,720	13,670	22,050
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	585	210	375
38. Philosophy and religious studies	150	85	65	6,710	4,050	2,660
39. Theology and religious vocations	190	140	50	12,275	7,400	4,880
54. History	255	140	110	15,780	8,475	7,300
55. French language and literature/letters	60	30	35	3,580	705	2,880
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,935	1,845	3,090	245,990	87,960	158,025
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	95	25	70	4,120	1,060	3,060
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	620	230	395	23,180	8,505	14,680
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	625	65	560	38,070	3,285	34,785
22. Legal professions and studies	760	245	520	38,505	13,545	24,955
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	75	30	45	4,325	1,345	2,985
42. Psychology	870	250	615	43,230	12,480	30,750
45. Social sciences	1,885	1,000	890	94,560	47,755	46,810
Business, management and public administration	7,365	2,955	4,410	426,460	166,470	259,990
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	10	10	775	215	560
44. Public administration and social service professions	430	90	340	26,520	5,960	20,565
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,910	2,855	4,055	399,160	160,295	238,865
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,575	860	710	86,425	46,070	40,355
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	650	275	380	36,760	16,800	19,960
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	295	150	145	19,025	9,400	9,620
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	15	15	0	835	225	610
40. Physical sciences	535	375	160	26,370	18,395	7,975
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	45	30	3,440	1,255	2,185
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,900	1,180	715	80,070	51,490	28,575
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,545	1,045	500	62,795	43,900	18,890
25. Library science	130	20	110	5,560	755	4,805
27. Mathematics and statistics	210	110	100	10,875	6,295	4,580
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	0	10	835	540	300
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	6,780	5,945	835	427,670	388,335	39,340
04. Architecture and related services	265	180	90	15,490	9,985	5,505
14. Engineering	2,180	1,715	470	98,455	81,055	17,395
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,235	1,100	135	68,500	60,490	8,010
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	90	25	65
46. Construction trades	1,485	1,415	65	100,765	97,615	3,150
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,020	970	45	97,720	94,520	3,200
48. Precision production	595	565	30	46,660	44,650	2,015
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	605	325	280	50,210	31,680	18,525
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	360	195	160	24,950	13,670	11,275
03. Natural resources and conservation	240	125	115	25,260	18,010	7,250
Health and related fields	5,125	1,060	4,065	322,715	65,735	256,975
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	420	230	195	23,740	11,920	11,820
51. Health professions and related programs	4,630	805	3,825	290,645	48,985	241,655
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	75	30	40	8,330	4,835	3,495
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,850	975	880	122,855	61,605	61,250
12. Personal and culinary services	1,165	380	785	79,740	24,860	54,885
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	320	290	30
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	1,235	1,120	115
43. Security and protective services	245	185	55	13,935	10,390	3,545
49. Transportation and materials moving	425	385	35	27,620	24,945	2,680
Other	0	0	0	355	115	240
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	350	115	240
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	43,360	21,365	21,995	2,532,980	1,227,040	1,305,935
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	13,225	7,155	6,075	915,015	465,250	449,765
Education	1,625	305	1,320	96,005	21,035	74,970
13. Education	1,625	310	1,320	96,010	21,035	74,975
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,895	900	1,000	77,655	34,430	43,225
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	315	230	90	12,710	9,580	3,130
50. Visual and performing arts	1,580	670	910	64,940	24,845	40,090
Humanities	1,975	795	1,185	93,605	35,490	58,115
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	235	40	195	11,710	2,510	9,195
23. English language and literature/letters	670	210	460	25,665	7,810	17,850
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	555	235	320	28,260	10,505	17,750
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	425	170	255
38. Philosophy and religious studies	130	75	60	4,970	2,960	2,010
39. Theology and religious vocations	135	95	40	8,330	4,945	3,385
54. History	205	115	90	11,805	6,140	5,665
55. French language and literature/letters	45	20	20	2,445	455	2,000
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,130	1,545	2,585	196,450	67,000	129,450
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	85	20	65	3,460	845	2,615
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	555	200	355	19,685	6,940	12,750
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	495	55	440	29,855	2,505	27,350
22. Legal professions and studies	665	205	455	31,190	9,665	21,525
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	55	20	35	3,540	1,110	2,425
42. Psychology	690	190	505	33,055	8,845	24,210
45. Social sciences	1,580	850	725	75,665	37,095	38,575
Business, management and public administration	5,945	2,375	3,570	335,220	128,975	206,245
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	10	0	540	170	365
44. Public administration and social service professions	335	60	280	20,695	4,240	16,455
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,600	2,310	3,290	313,985	124,565	189,425
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,260	635	625	63,705	32,325	31,385
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	545	210	340	28,505	12,595	15,915
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	225	110	115	13,825	6,570	7,260
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	15	10	10	645	160	485
40. Physical sciences	410	275	135	18,525	12,250	6,270
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	35	25	2,210	750	1,460
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,715	1,095	620	68,660	44,820	23,840
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,435	1,000	430	56,390	39,660	16,725
25. Library science	110	10	100	3,830	545	3,290
27. Mathematics and statistics	160	75	85	7,760	4,185	3,570
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	15	10	0	680	430	250
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	5,395	4,620	775	310,855	277,375	33,475
04. Architecture and related services	240	150	85	12,110	7,240	4,875
14. Engineering	1,945	1,485	460	76,935	61,380	15,560
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	975	850	125	48,690	42,285	6,405
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	65	20	45
46. Construction trades	1,075	1,025	50	72,800	70,225	2,570
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	775	745	30	69,025	66,545	2,480
48. Precision production	390	360	25	31,225	29,690	1,535
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	465	225	240	39,360	23,810	15,555
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	250	120	135	18,965	9,875	9,090
03. Natural resources and conservation	210	105	105	20,395	13,930	6,470
Health and related fields	4,250	925	3,320	244,975	50,520	194,460
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	350	190	160	18,900	9,380	9,520
51. Health professions and related programs	3,840	710	3,135	219,800	37,800	182,000
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	55	20	35	6,285	3,340	2,940
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,475	785	690	91,185	45,925	45,265
12. Personal and culinary services	920	315	605	58,820	18,880	39,945
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	195	165	30
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	10	0	570	505	65
43. Security and protective services	210	160	55	11,175	8,110	3,060
49. Transportation and materials moving	340	310	30	20,430	18,265	2,165
Other	0	0	0	275	85	185
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	270	85	185
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	61,100	29,760	31,345	3,870,380	1,882,770	1,987,610
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	24,065	12,095	11,970	1,740,205	854,900	885,300
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	37,035	17,660	19,375	2,130,175	1,027,870	1,102,305
Location of study inside Canada	26,715	12,715	13,995	1,625,550	785,340	840,205
Same as province or territory of residence	22,045	10,375	11,670	1,243,905	593,275	650,635
Different than province or territory of residence	4,665	2,340	2,330	381,645	192,070	189,575
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	10,325	4,945	5,380	504,630	242,530	262,100
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	1,105	685	425	74,030	40,425	33,610
Philippines	2,205	830	1,370	56,845	20,455	36,395
India	615	320	295	44,115	22,045	22,065
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	745	430	320	58,825	31,920	26,910
China^{Census data footnote 162}	1,005	475	535	61,840	27,630	34,210
France	35	15	20	4,385	2,360	2,025
Other	4,615	2,190	2,425	204,580	97,700	106,885
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	43,360	21,360	21,995	2,532,975	1,227,040	1,305,935
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,230	7,150	6,075	915,015	465,250	449,765
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	30,135	14,205	15,925	1,617,960	761,790	856,170
Location of study inside Canada	21,640	10,285	11,350	1,239,640	589,155	650,490
Same as province or territory of residence	17,940	8,425	9,515	970,485	454,780	515,700
Different than province or territory of residence	3,695	1,860	1,830	269,155	134,375	134,785
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	8,500	3,925	4,575	378,325	172,640	205,685
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	845	525	320	50,095	26,175	23,920
Philippines	1,925	720	1,210	48,935	17,385	31,555
India	505	245	260	36,800	17,455	19,345
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	465	260	200	32,890	17,360	15,530
China^{Census data footnote 162}	855	390	465	53,570	23,445	30,125
France	25	15	15	3,505	1,885	1,615
Other	3,880	1,760	2,115	152,530	68,935	83,595
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	61,100	29,755	31,340	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,610
In the labour force	42,995	22,025	20,965	2,471,665	1,285,835	1,185,830
Employed	40,405	20,765	19,640	2,305,690	1,194,455	1,111,240
Unemployed	2,585	1,265	1,325	165,975	91,385	74,590
Not in the labour force	18,110	7,735	10,375	1,398,710	596,935	801,775
Participation rate	70.4	74.0	66.9	63.9	68.3	59.7
Employment rate	66.1	69.8	62.7	59.6	63.4	55.9
Unemployment rate	6.0	5.7	6.3	6.7	7.1	6.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	61,100	29,760	31,345	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	16,725	6,935	9,790	1,290,235	547,350	742,885
Worked	44,375	22,820	21,550	2,580,140	1,335,420	1,244,720
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	22,735	12,715	10,020	1,183,405	675,950	507,460
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	21,635	10,105	11,530	1,396,735	659,470	737,260
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.0	43.6	42.3	41.8	42.4	41.1
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	42,990	22,025	20,965	2,471,670	1,285,840	1,185,835
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	790	300	490	43,805	21,245	22,555
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	42,200	21,725	20,475	2,427,860	1,264,585	1,163,275
Employee	38,055	19,125	18,935	2,084,470	1,054,630	1,029,840
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	4,150	2,605	1,545	343,395	209,955	133,430
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	42,990	22,025	20,965	2,471,665	1,285,835	1,185,830
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	790	300	490	43,805	21,245	22,560
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	42,200	21,725	20,475	2,427,860	1,264,585	1,163,270
0 Management occupations	4,530	2,665	1,865	275,000	168,820	106,180
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,600	2,395	5,205	368,940	106,205	262,740
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,555	2,780	775	161,520	127,060	34,460
3 Health occupations	2,900	565	2,330	162,865	35,775	127,095
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,875	1,580	3,295	269,255	87,765	181,485
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,840	945	895	93,100	44,855	48,245
6 Sales and service occupations	9,805	4,520	5,285	595,225	251,490	343,735
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,575	5,215	365	360,970	339,660	21,315
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	345	265	85	64,235	47,530	16,700
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,170	795	370	76,745	55,430	21,315
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	42,995	22,025	20,965	2,471,665	1,285,835	1,185,830
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	790	295	490	43,805	21,250	22,555
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	42,205	21,725	20,475	2,427,865	1,264,590	1,163,270
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	195	115	85	65,205	42,840	22,360
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	125	100	25	25,920	21,810	4,115
22 Utilities	335	225	110	12,445	8,915	3,535
23 Construction	3,060	2,705	360	199,985	175,195	24,790
31-33 Manufacturing	2,600	1,805	795	157,560	113,945	43,615
41 Wholesale trade	1,850	1,200	650	82,105	55,530	26,580
44-45 Retail trade	4,400	1,980	2,420	283,135	129,985	153,150
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,335	1,830	510	128,400	98,580	29,815
51 Information and cultural industries	1,905	1,165	745	67,225	41,065	26,155
52 Finance and insurance	1,865	715	1,145	93,805	38,430	55,380
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	970	525	450	54,995	29,515	25,475
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,075	2,260	1,815	196,670	107,680	88,990
55 Management of companies and enterprises	105	55	55	4,320	1,975	2,345
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,210	1,325	885	109,095	62,325	46,775
61 Educational services	3,210	1,045	2,165	173,820	56,455	117,365
62 Health care and social assistance	4,825	945	3,875	270,855	52,320	218,530
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	900	450	450	57,940	29,050	28,895
72 Accommodation and food services	3,080	1,315	1,760	207,045	86,555	120,490
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,975	915	1,060	112,335	47,960	64,375
91 Public administration	2,175	1,050	1,125	125,000	64,450	60,545
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	40,405	20,765	19,640	2,305,690	1,194,455	1,111,240
Worked at home	2,430	1,270	1,160	196,510	95,515	100,990
Worked outside Canada	225	175	50	16,040	11,285	4,760
No fixed workplace address	4,765	3,555	1,205	326,180	243,130	83,050
Worked at usual place	32,985	15,765	17,220	1,766,965	844,520	922,440
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	32,985	15,765	17,220	1,766,965	844,520	922,440
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	5,835	2,220	3,615	864,410	382,105	482,305
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	26,810	13,320	13,495	807,840	405,435	402,400
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	255	160	100	81,750	47,820	33,930
Commute to a different province or territory	90	75	20	12,965	9,160	3,805
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	37,750	19,325	18,425	2,093,145	1,087,655	1,005,490
Car, truck, van - as a driver	21,510	12,280	9,230	1,475,585	803,485	672,095
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	1,265	460	800	114,580	49,075	65,500
Public transit	11,845	5,175	6,675	274,205	117,830	156,375
Walked	2,310	860	1,445	142,310	62,395	79,920
Bicycle	370	280	85	51,350	32,665	18,680
Other method	455	260	195	35,115	22,195	12,915
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	37,750	19,325	18,425	2,093,140	1,087,650	1,005,490
Less than 15 minutes	5,105	2,165	2,940	601,950	276,005	325,950
15 to 29 minutes	10,690	5,635	5,055	689,520	353,590	335,925
30 to 44 minutes	11,035	6,060	4,980	425,680	237,995	187,685
45 to 59 minutes	6,320	3,200	3,120	184,690	104,220	80,465
60 minutes and over	4,595	2,270	2,325	191,305	115,840	75,470
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	37,750	19,325	18,425	2,093,140	1,087,650	1,005,490
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,480	1,705	775	142,370	101,315	41,050
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,775	3,965	2,810	342,500	214,795	127,700
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,680	4,925	5,750	526,485	271,110	255,375
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,050	3,710	4,345	470,210	202,910	267,295
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,410	2,125	2,285	292,185	125,470	166,715
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,355	2,890	2,465	319,400	172,045	147,355
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	45,530	23,340	22,195	2,670,700	1,378,580	1,292,120
Single responses	44,700	22,935	21,765	2,622,495	1,354,780	1,267,710
Official languages	43,725	22,470	21,260	2,537,990	1,309,980	1,228,015
English	43,600	22,435	21,165	2,531,850	1,308,325	1,223,530
French	120	35	90	6,140	1,660	4,485
Non-official languages	980	470	510	84,500	44,805	39,705
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	260	75	180
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	10
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	45	15	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	45	15	30
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	20	0	15
Chilcotin	0	0	0	20	10	10
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	10
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	110	30	85
Comox	0	0	0	10	0	10
Halkomelem	0	0	0	15	0	15
Lillooet	0	0	0	15	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	20	0	20
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	30	10	25
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	15	0	10
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	25	10	20
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	15	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	10	10
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Haisla	0	0	0	10	0	10
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	980	470	510	84,245	44,730	39,520
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	20	0	440	295	145
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	25	15	10	435	295	135
Amharic	0	10	0	15	15	0
Arabic	20	10	0	320	235	85
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	25	20	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	75	30	50
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0	2,505	1,165	1,345
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	45	30	20
Vietnamese	10	10	0	2,460	1,140	1,325
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	20	10	10	825	385	440
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	20	0	20
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	30	15	20
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	10	65	35	20
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	10	10	695	320	375
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	30	15	20
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	30	10	15
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	230	145	90	23,765	13,305	10,460
Albanian	0	0	0	15	15	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	10	20	950	440	510
Baltic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Slavic languages	25	15	15	935	435	500
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Croatian	0	0	0	30	10	25
Czech	0	0	0	40	20	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Polish	0	10	0	115	50	70
Russian	10	0	0	565	255	315
Serbian	10	10	0	95	55	40
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	15	10	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	40	25	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	10	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	0	0	805	465	335
Afrikaans	0	0	0	15	10	0
Danish	0	0	0	15	15	0
Dutch	10	0	0	120	70	45
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	10	0	10	590	330	260
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Swedish	0	0	0	25	20	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	10	10	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	55	25	30
Indo-Iranian languages	135	80	50	19,805	11,280	8,535
Indo-Aryan languages	105	65	45	18,715	10,560	8,160
Bengali	0	0	0	15	15	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	35	15	25
Hindi	0	0	0	300	185	110
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	20	10	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	100	60	40	18,295	10,310	7,985
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	45	25	25
Iranian languages	30	25	10	1,085	720	365
Kurdish	0	0	0	25	25	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	30	25	10	1,060	700	360
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	35	15	2,140	1,085	1,060
Catalan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Italian	0	0	0	110	50	60
Portuguese	10	0	0	515	255	260
Romanian	10	0	0	70	45	25
Spanish	35	15	20	1,435	725	710
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Japanese	50	10	35	1,730	650	1,080
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Korean	135	65	70	5,585	3,005	2,585
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	10	15	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	10	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	10	15	280	90	190
American Sign Language	20	10	10	215	45	165
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	70	45	25
Sino-Tibetan languages	495	220	275	48,735	25,645	23,085
Chinese languages	495	215	280	48,645	25,595	23,055
Cantonese	160	70	90	23,555	12,020	11,535
Hakka	0	0	0	15	0	10
Mandarin	330	145	185	23,835	12,935	10,900
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	210	120	85
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	50	25	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	985	485	500
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	85	50	30
Burmese	10	0	0	25	15	15
Karenic languages	0	0	0	55	35	15
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	0	170	65	110
Lao	0	0	0	10	0	10
Thai	10	0	0	165	65	105
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	65	50	15
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	10	0
Turkish	0	0	0	55	40	15
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	10	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	45	20	25
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	25	10	15
Hungarian	0	0	0	25	10	15
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	20
Multiple responses	825	400	425	48,205	23,795	24,410
English and French	75	30	45	4,210	1,865	2,345
English and non-official language	740	370	370	43,480	21,760	21,720
French and non-official language	0	0	0	55	30	25
English, French and non-official language	10	10	0	465	145	320
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	45,530	23,335	22,190	2,670,700	1,378,580	1,292,120
None	42,430	21,860	20,575	2,498,070	1,293,650	1,204,420
English	540	235	305	36,505	18,270	18,235
French	385	185	195	22,465	10,170	12,300
Non-official language	2,120	1,050	1,075	110,375	54,925	55,455
Aboriginal	0	0	0	1,860	630	1,225
Non-Aboriginal	2,125	1,050	1,075	108,515	54,295	54,225
English and French	0	0	0	60	40	15
English and non-official language	20	0	15	1,155	545	610
French and non-official language	30	0	30	2,070	980	1,090
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	69,210	33,950	35,265	4,516,810	2,215,515	2,301,295
Non-movers	57,230	27,930	29,305	3,811,375	1,868,420	1,942,945
Movers	11,980	6,020	5,955	705,440	347,095	358,345
Non-migrants	4,785	2,355	2,425	386,620	189,765	196,855
Migrants	7,195	3,665	3,530	318,825	157,335	161,490
Internal migrants	5,930	3,055	2,870	249,960	123,425	126,540
Intraprovincial migrants	5,175	2,645	2,530	188,225	92,150	96,070
Interprovincial migrants	750	415	335	61,740	31,275	30,465
External migrants	1,265	610	655	68,860	33,910	34,950
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	66,765	32,745	34,020	4,339,960	2,124,780	2,215,180
Non-movers	34,890	16,935	17,955	2,490,535	1,220,635	1,269,905
Movers	31,875	15,810	16,065	1,849,425	904,145	945,275
Non-migrants	11,445	5,600	5,835	940,895	460,185	480,710
Migrants	20,435	10,205	10,225	908,535	443,965	464,570
Internal migrants	15,640	7,815	7,825	672,805	329,700	343,105
Intraprovincial migrants	13,570	6,790	6,780	503,685	245,895	257,795
Interprovincial migrants	2,075	1,025	1,050	169,115	83,805	85,310
External migrants	4,790	2,390	2,400	235,730	114,265	121,465

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. New Westminster, CY [Census subdivision], British Columbia and British Columbia [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed March 24, 2025).

Date modified:: 2024-07-12

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
New Westminster, City [Census subdivision], British Columbia and British Columbia [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census New Westminster, City [Census subdivision], British Columbia and British Columbia [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
New Westminster, City [Census subdivision], British Columbia and British Columbia [Province]