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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Lake Cowichan, Town [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Cowichan Valley, Regional district [Census division], British Columbia

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Lake Cowichan, T British Columbia [Census subdivision]			Cowichan Valley, RD British Columbia [Census division]
	Data quality , Lake Cowichan, Town [Census subdivision], British Columbia Map : Lake Cowichan, Town [Census subdivision], British Columbia Change geography 1			Data quality : Cowichan Valley, Regional district [Census division], British Columbia Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	3,226	...	...	83,739	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	2,974	...	...	80,332	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	8.5	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	1,534	...	...	37,919	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	1,474	...	...	35,272	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	389.3	...	...	24.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	8.29	...	...	3,474.52	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	3,225	1,600	1,625	83,735	41,015	42,725
0 to 14 years	435	195	235	12,340	6,285	6,050
0 to 4 years	145	65	85	3,770	1,900	1,865
5 to 9 years	150	70	85	4,270	2,190	2,085
10 to 14 years	135	65	75	4,300	2,200	2,095
15 to 64 years	2,050	1,020	1,025	51,335	24,905	26,430
15 to 19 years	175	95	80	4,500	2,275	2,225
20 to 24 years	140	70	65	3,515	1,855	1,665
25 to 29 years	145	75	75	3,600	1,800	1,795
30 to 34 years	140	75	65	4,065	1,965	2,095
35 to 39 years	190	100	95	4,335	2,070	2,270
40 to 44 years	215	105	110	4,535	2,215	2,320
45 to 49 years	195	100	95	5,115	2,435	2,680
50 to 54 years	240	125	115	6,680	3,185	3,495
55 to 59 years	305	140	165	7,460	3,505	3,955
60 to 64 years	305	145	160	7,530	3,605	3,930
65 years and over	740	380	360	20,065	9,820	10,245
65 to 69 years	300	165	135	7,195	3,650	3,545
70 to 74 years	190	95	95	4,870	2,395	2,480
75 to 79 years	125	65	60	3,380	1,685	1,695
80 to 84 years	65	30	35	2,315	1,150	1,165
85 years and over	55	25	35	2,300	940	1,365
85 to 89 years	30	20	20	1,455	660	790
90 to 94 years	20	5	15	660	230	430
95 to 99 years	5	0	0	170	40	130
100 years and over	5	0	0	20	5	15
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.5	12.2	14.5	14.7	15.3	14.2
15 to 64 years	63.6	63.8	63.1	61.3	60.7	61.9
65 years and over	22.9	23.8	22.2	24.0	23.9	24.0
85 years and over	1.7	1.6	2.2	2.7	2.3	3.2
Average age of the population	45.7	45.8	45.5	45.7	45.2	46.3
Median age of the population	49.5	49.5	49.6	49.9	49.2	50.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	1,470	...	...	35,275	...	...
Single-detached house	1,200	...	...	25,905	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	260	...	...	7,520	...	...
Semi-detached house	25	...	...	1,400	...	...
Row house	55	...	...	1,535	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	15	...	...	1,175	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	155	...	...	3,275	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	140	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	20	...	...	1,840	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	1,475	...	...	35,270	...	...
1 person	445	...	...	9,555	...	...
2 persons	615	...	...	14,850	...	...
3 persons	205	...	...	4,705	...	...
4 persons	150	...	...	3,935	...	...
5 or more persons	65	...	...	2,220	...	...
Number of persons in private households	3,225	...	...	81,880	...	...
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	2,790	1,405	1,390	71,395	34,725	36,675
Married or living common law	1,635	815	820	43,845	21,875	21,970
Married	1,230	610	620	35,315	17,625	17,695
Living common law	400	200	195	8,525	4,250	4,275
Not married and not living common law	1,160	590	570	27,555	12,855	14,700
Never married	650	390	260	15,275	8,440	6,830
Separated	100	55	45	2,210	985	1,225
Divorced	235	105	130	5,575	2,375	3,195
Widowed	170	40	130	4,505	1,055	3,450
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	980	...	...	25,290	...	...
2 persons	625	...	...	15,770	...	...
3 persons	185	...	...	4,480	...	...
4 persons	120	...	...	3,600	...	...
5 or more persons	45	...	...	1,435	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	980	...	...	25,290	...	...
Total couple families	810	...	...	21,475	...	...
Married couples	610	...	...	17,205	...	...
Common-law couples	200	...	...	4,260	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	170	...	...	3,820	...	...
Female parent	130	...	...	2,855	...	...
Male parent	40	...	...	965	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	810	...	...	21,470	...	...
Couples without children	510	...	...	13,370	...	...
Couples with children	300	...	...	8,100	...	...
1 child	155	...	...	3,490	...	...
2 children	105	...	...	3,295	...	...
3 or more children	40	...	...	1,320	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	170	...	...	3,820	...	...
1 child	120	...	...	2,400	...	...
2 children	35	...	...	990	...	...
3 or more children	20	...	...	430	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	680	360	315	14,680	6,920	7,760
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	1,475	...	...	35,275	...	...
One-census-family households	940	...	...	23,785	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	495	...	...	12,730	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	450	...	...	11,060	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	25	...	...	725	...	...
Non-census-family households	515	...	...	10,760	...	...
One-person households	445	...	...	9,560	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	65	...	...	1,200	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	3,225	1,600	1,630	82,915	40,645	42,270
English only	3,105	1,535	1,570	77,715	38,315	39,400
French only	0	0	5	15	5	15
English and French	115	60	55	4,975	2,235	2,740
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	210	90	115
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	3,225	1,600	1,625	82,910	40,645	42,270
English	3,180	1,570	1,610	81,725	40,075	41,655
French	40	20	15	910	450	460
English and French	0	0	0	80	40	40
Neither English nor French	5	0	0	195	80	115
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	40	25	15	950	470	485
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.2	1.6	0.9	1.1	1.2	1.1
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	3,225	1,600	1,625	82,915	40,645	42,270
Single responses	3,210	1,590	1,620	82,260	40,330	41,925
Official languages	3,065	1,520	1,540	76,855	37,820	39,040
English	3,025	1,500	1,525	75,860	37,320	38,540
French	40	25	15	995	495	500
Non-official languages	145	65	85	5,400	2,510	2,885
Aboriginal languages	5	0	0	380	190	195
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	5	0	5
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	5	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	350	175	170
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	320	160	160
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	5	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	15
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	5
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	15	5	5
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	145	65	80	5,020	2,330	2,695
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	80	45	35
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	75	45	30
Amharic	0	0	0	5	5	0
Arabic	0	0	0	60	35	30
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	5	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	10	5	5
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	100	45	50
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Vietnamese	0	0	0	90	40	50
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	5	5	310	85	225
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	15	5	15
Fijian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	5	0	5
Ilocano	0	0	0	25	0	20
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	5	0	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	5	250	75	175
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	40	20	20
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	30	15	15
Tamil	0	0	0	10	5	5
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Indo-European languages	115	50	60	3,650	1,755	1,895
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	5	5	510	235	275
Baltic languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Latvian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Lithuanian	0	0	0	10	0	5
Slavic languages	15	10	10	490	225	265
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Bulgarian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Croatian	0	0	0	50	20	25
Czech	0	0	0	70	30	40
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	0	110	55	60
Russian	0	0	0	75	30	45
Serbian	0	0	0	15	5	5
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Slovak	0	0	0	20	10	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	10	0	5
Ukrainian	10	5	5	125	60	60
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	20	15	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	5	5
Welsh	0	0	0	10	10	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	45	20	25	2,005	950	1,050
Afrikaans	5	0	5	55	35	20
Danish	0	5	5	150	75	70
Dutch	15	5	10	650	285	360
Frisian	0	0	0	5	5	0
German	20	10	10	1,015	485	530
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	50	25	25
Swedish	5	5	0	50	20	30
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Yiddish	0	0	0	5	5	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Greek	0	0	0	35	25	15
Indo-Iranian languages	25	15	10	600	305	300
Indo-Aryan languages	25	10	15	575	280	290
Bengali	0	0	0	5	0	5
Gujarati	0	0	0	15	10	5
Hindi	0	0	0	25	15	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	5	5	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	5	10	500	240	260
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	15	10	5
Iranian languages	0	5	0	30	20	10
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	5	0	5	5	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	25	15	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	10	20	475	230	245
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	10	5	5	155	85	70
Portuguese	5	0	0	60	25	30
Romanian	0	0	0	35	15	15
Spanish	10	5	10	225	100	130
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	85	20	65
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	5	0	5	130	60	65
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	10	5	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	5	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	5	5	5
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	0	20	15	5
American Sign Language	0	0	0	10	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	10	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	5	0	355	165	195
Chinese languages	10	5	0	350	155	190
Cantonese	5	5	0	125	60	70
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	5
Mandarin	0	0	0	155	70	85
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	5	15	10	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	25
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	5	10	5
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	10	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	25	0	20
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	20	5	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	5	5	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	0	5	210	105	110
Estonian	0	0	0	10	5	0
Finnish	0	0	0	90	35	55
Hungarian	5	0	0	115	60	55
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Multiple responses	15	10	5	655	315	345
English and French	5	5	5	140	70	70
English and non-official language	15	5	5	470	215	250
French and non-official language	0	5	0	20	15	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	30	10	15
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	3,225	1,600	1,625	82,915	40,645	42,270
Single responses	3,185	1,575	1,605	82,030	40,235	41,790
Official languages	3,165	1,565	1,600	80,685	39,595	41,090
English	3,160	1,565	1,600	80,530	39,530	41,000
French	5	0	5	160	65	90
Non-official languages	20	10	10	1,345	640	705
Aboriginal languages	5	0	5	35	20	15
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	5	0	0	30	20	15
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	35	20	15
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	15	10	5	1,310	620	685
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	30	15	20
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	35	20	15
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	30	15	20
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	65	30	35
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Vietnamese	0	0	0	65	30	30
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	80	30	55
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	80	30	50
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	25	10	10
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	20	10	10
Tamil	0	0	0	5	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10	5	5	710	335	380
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	60	30	30
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	60	35	30
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Czech	0	0	0	10	5	5
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	10	5	5
Russian	0	0	0	20	15	10
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Ukrainian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	185	90	95
Afrikaans	0	0	0	20	10	10
Danish	0	0	0	5	5	5
Dutch	0	0	0	40	20	20
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	110	55	55
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Swedish	0	0	0	5	0	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	15	10	5
Indo-Iranian languages	5	0	0	335	150	180
Indo-Aryan languages	5	0	5	330	150	180
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	5	5	0
Hindi	0	0	0	10	5	5
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	5	0	5
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	5	0	300	140	165
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	10	5	5
Iranian languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5	0	0	120	50	70
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	5
Romanian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Spanish	5	0	5	100	45	55
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	5	0	30	5	20
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	5	0	5	100	50	50
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	0	30	20	5
American Sign Language	0	0	0	10	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	5	0	20	15	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	0	5	195	105	95
Chinese languages	5	5	0	185	95	90
Cantonese	0	0	0	70	35	35
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	95	45	45
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	10	10	5
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	5	5	5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	30	15	15
Estonian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	10	5	5
Hungarian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Multiple responses	40	20	15	885	410	475
English and French	0	0	0	80	45	40
English and non-official language	35	20	20	780	360	425
French and non-official language	0	0	0	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	15	10	10
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	3,225	1,600	1,625	82,910	40,645	42,270
None	3,120	1,550	1,565	79,160	38,940	40,220
English	5	5	5	625	295	330
French	30	15	15	820	370	450
Non-official language	70	25	45	2,235	1,005	1,230
Aboriginal	5	5	5	380	180	200
Non-Aboriginal	60	20	40	1,855	825	1,030
English and French	0	0	0	5	0	5
English and non-official language	0	0	0	20	5	10
French and non-official language	5	5	0	60	30	25
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	5	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	2,785	1,400	1,390	69,620	33,885	35,735
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,705	1,365	1,335	67,125	32,715	34,410
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	26,752	33,520	22,259	32,123	40,201	26,323
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,705	1,365	1,335	67,215	32,780	34,430
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	24,864	30,071	21,387	29,120	35,527	24,706
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,270	1,170	1,100	59,810	29,585	30,230
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	23,040	29,013	18,304	28,650	36,916	22,374
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,130	1,020	1,105	50,005	22,635	27,370
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	9,292	11,029	8,293	8,415	9,298	7,882
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,775	940	835	46,670	23,960	22,710
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	24,282	29,984	19,952	27,166	33,916	22,455
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	2,810	1,425	1,390	69,625	33,885	35,735
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,730	1,385	1,340	67,070	32,795	34,280
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,549	40,310	26,563	41,760	50,506	33,394
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,730	1,385	1,345	67,140	32,820	34,320
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,436	34,625	24,073	35,477	41,805	29,425
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,265	1,160	1,105	59,585	29,535	30,055
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,124	38,649	23,253	39,439	48,758	30,283
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,195	1,065	1,130	49,980	22,670	27,315
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	9,589	10,463	8,764	9,022	9,549	8,585
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,785	945	840	46,670	23,850	22,820
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,762	37,434	23,284	37,340	45,411	28,905
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	2,810	1,425	1,385	69,620	33,890	35,735
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	660	390	270	18,150	10,240	7,915
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	40,515	44,659	34,182	50,639	58,792	43,021
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	45,317	50,619	37,719	56,782	64,192	47,191
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	78.1	80.9	73.8	84.0	87.1	79.5
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	61.2	64.2	57.0	62.2	65.6	57.4
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	21.9	19.1	26.3	16.0	12.9	20.5
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	2,785	1,400	1,390	69,620	33,890	35,735
Without total income	80	30	50	2,495	1,175	1,325
With total income	2,705	1,370	1,340	67,125	32,715	34,415
Percentage with total income	97.1	97.9	96.4	96.4	96.5	96.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	455	195	270	9,675	4,045	5,630
$10,000 to $19,999	560	230	330	12,090	4,620	7,475
$20,000 to $29,999	465	200	260	9,980	3,905	6,070
$30,000 to $39,999	350	165	185	8,305	3,705	4,600
$40,000 to $49,999	245	130	115	6,810	3,275	3,540
$50,000 to $59,999	180	100	80	5,075	2,750	2,325
$60,000 to $69,999	130	85	45	4,025	2,505	1,520
$70,000 to $79,999	95	75	20	3,035	1,990	1,050
$80,000 to $89,999	75	60	15	2,320	1,560	765
$90,000 to $99,999	40	35	5	1,680	1,175	505
$100,000 and over	105	85	15	4,120	3,180	945
$100,000 to $149,999	95	75	15	3,090	2,370	715
$150,000 and over	10	5	5	1,040	810	225
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	2,790	1,400	1,390	69,620	33,885	35,735
Without after-tax income	85	30	50	2,410	1,110	1,300
With after-tax income	2,705	1,370	1,335	67,210	32,780	34,435
Percentage with after-tax income	97.0	97.9	96.0	96.5	96.7	96.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	475	195	275	10,160	4,275	5,885
$10,000 to $19,999	585	250	335	12,740	4,980	7,765
$20,000 to $29,999	545	235	315	11,625	4,675	6,950
$30,000 to $39,999	380	205	180	9,430	4,315	5,120
$40,000 to $49,999	240	120	115	7,290	3,775	3,515
$50,000 to $59,999	175	115	60	5,305	3,280	2,020
$60,000 to $69,999	130	105	25	3,715	2,445	1,270
$70,000 to $79,999	80	65	10	2,670	1,820	850
$80,000 and over	95	75	20	4,275	3,220	1,050
$80,000 to $89,999	35	30	5	1,530	1,135	395
$90,000 to $99,999	30	25	5	945	730	220
$100,000 and over	30	25	10	1,795	1,355	435
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	2,785	1,400	1,385	69,620	33,885	35,735
Without employment income	1,015	460	550	22,955	9,930	13,025
With employment income	1,775	940	835	46,665	23,960	22,710
Percentage with employment income	63.7	67.1	60.3	67.0	70.7	63.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	400	210	190	9,940	4,980	4,960
$5,000 to $9,999	155	70	85	3,515	1,495	2,020
$10,000 to $19,999	235	90	140	6,045	2,475	3,575
$20,000 to $29,999	220	95	125	5,195	2,235	2,960
$30,000 to $39,999	200	85	120	4,620	1,895	2,730
$40,000 to $49,999	140	70	70	3,815	1,785	2,025
$50,000 to $59,999	105	65	40	3,030	1,635	1,395
$60,000 to $69,999	90	65	25	2,555	1,640	910
$70,000 to $79,999	65	50	10	2,170	1,415	755
$80,000 and over	160	135	25	5,775	4,395	1,380
$80,000 to $89,999	45	40	10	1,665	1,115	545
$90,000 to $99,999	40	35	10	1,255	920	335
$100,000 and over	75	65	10	2,855	2,355	495
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	1,470	...	...	35,275	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	53,440	...	...	65,191	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	48,512	...	...	57,783	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	445	...	...	9,555	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	27,776	...	...	32,260	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	25,941	...	...	29,315	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	1,030	...	...	25,715	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	65,829	...	...	80,631	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	59,758	...	...	70,813	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	1,470	...	...	35,270	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	62,090	...	...	79,411	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	54,477	...	...	67,529	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	420	...	...	9,540	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	37,673	...	...	41,099	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	32,829	...	...	35,359	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	1,055	...	...	25,730	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	71,773	...	...	93,615	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	63,062	...	...	79,455	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	1,475	...	...	35,270	...	...
Under $5,000	20	...	...	530	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	25	...	...	460	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	75	...	...	1,035	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	70	...	...	1,525	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	100	...	...	1,705	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	80	...	...	1,500	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	90	...	...	1,635	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	85	...	...	1,660	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	80	...	...	1,645	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	65	...	...	1,575	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	145	...	...	2,945	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	120	...	...	2,725	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	100	...	...	2,500	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	95	...	...	2,205	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	65	...	...	1,850	...	...
$100,000 and over	270	...	...	9,790	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	130	...	...	3,720	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	80	...	...	2,445	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	50	...	...	2,280	...	...
$200,000 and over	10	...	...	1,335	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,475	...	...	35,270	...	...
Under $5,000	20	...	...	565	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	25	...	...	470	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	70	...	...	1,040	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	75	...	...	1,585	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	110	...	...	1,990	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	105	...	...	1,705	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	100	...	...	1,990	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	90	...	...	1,940	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	80	...	...	1,885	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	85	...	...	1,735	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	155	...	...	3,440	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	130	...	...	3,155	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	115	...	...	2,650	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	80	...	...	2,350	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	55	...	...	1,880	...	...
$100,000 and over	175	...	...	6,900	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	105	...	...	3,350	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	45	...	...	1,745	...	...
$150,000 and over	25	...	...	1,805	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	980	...	...	24,840	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	66,389	...	...	80,328	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	59,955	...	...	70,561	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	480	...	...	12,480	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	61,056	...	...	75,945	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	55,851	...	...	66,891	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	305	...	...	8,195	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	88,917	...	...	105,679	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	79,616	...	...	90,842	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.7	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	160	...	...	3,430	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	41,216	...	...	45,605	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	38,272	...	...	42,441	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	975	...	...	24,890	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	71,607	...	...	93,175	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	62,899	...	...	78,957	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	515	...	...	12,455	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	65,514	...	...	87,509	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	57,861	...	...	74,103	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	270	...	...	8,220	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	92,932	...	...	118,486	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	80,802	...	...	99,307	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	150	...	...	3,425	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	50,302	...	...	53,169	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	44,303	...	...	47,314	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	600	330	275	12,785	6,065	6,720
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	24,320	25,920	23,840	29,393	31,533	28,032
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	23,552	24,256	23,437	26,972	28,699	25,786
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	635	350	285	12,600	5,925	6,675
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	34,145	38,758	28,464	38,267	42,113	34,854
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	29,848	32,953	26,024	33,087	35,755	30,718
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	3,225	1,595	1,625	81,885	40,130	41,750
In the bottom half of the distribution	2,090	1,005	1,075	43,860	20,905	22,950
In the bottom decile	465	240	225	9,955	4,835	5,125
In the second decile	450	205	245	9,230	4,160	5,070
In the third decile	450	205	245	8,435	4,000	4,435
In the fourth decile	400	200	200	8,140	3,950	4,190
In the fifth decile	320	160	160	8,095	3,960	4,130
In the top half of the distribution	1,135	590	545	38,025	19,225	18,795
In the sixth decile	285	150	135	8,275	4,140	4,135
In the seventh decile	285	140	150	8,165	4,080	4,090
In the eighth decile	280	145	135	7,970	4,060	3,915
In the ninth decile	180	100	80	7,755	3,975	3,785
In the top decile	105	55	50	5,850	2,975	2,875
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	3,220	1,600	1,625	77,850	38,055	39,790
0 to 17 years	550	260	285	13,650	6,925	6,725
0 to 5 years	175	80	95	4,055	2,040	2,015
18 to 64 years	1,935	955	975	45,375	21,815	23,560
65 years and over	740	380	355	18,820	9,320	9,505
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	660	325	330	11,940	5,550	6,390
0 to 17 years	140	70	70	2,895	1,475	1,420
0 to 5 years	50	25	20	925	465	460
18 to 64 years	395	190	205	6,765	3,105	3,655
65 years and over	120	65	60	2,285	965	1,310
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	20.5	20.3	20.3	15.3	14.6	16.1
0 to 17 years (%)	25.5	26.9	24.6	21.2	21.3	21.1
0 to 5 years (%)	28.6	31.3	21.1	22.8	22.8	22.8
18 to 64 years (%)	20.4	19.9	21.0	14.9	14.2	15.5
65 years and over (%)	16.2	17.1	16.9	12.1	10.4	13.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	325	175	145	5,240	2,615	2,625
0 to 17 years	65	30	30	1,140	570	565
0 to 5 years	20	10	10	360	185	175
18 to 64 years	245	135	110	3,775	1,865	1,905
65 years and over	15	15	0	330	175	155
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	10.1	10.9	8.9	6.7	6.9	6.6
0 to 17 years (%)	11.8	11.5	10.5	8.4	8.2	8.4
0 to 5 years (%)	11.4	12.5	10.5	8.9	9.1	8.7
18 to 64 years (%)	12.7	14.1	11.3	8.3	8.5	8.1
65 years and over (%)	2.0	3.9	0.0	1.8	1.9	1.6
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	3,220	1,625	1,600	81,885	40,135	41,750
Official languages	3,225	1,620	1,595	81,605	40,000	41,605
English	3,225	1,625	1,600	81,580	39,990	41,590
French	120	70	50	4,910	2,180	2,725
Non-official languages	240	90	150	8,085	3,640	4,450
Aboriginal languages	35	20	15	755	370	385
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	10
Inuit languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	10	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	25	15	15	680	330	345
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	620	310	320
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	10	0	15
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	35	15	20
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	10	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	10	10	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	10	0	0	0	0	10
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Haisla	0	0	0	10	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	10	0	20	15	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	200	70	130	7,340	3,270	4,070
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	115	75	40
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	115	75	40
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	100	70	35
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	10	10	10
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	120	50	70
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	120	50	70
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	0	10	370	100	270
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	15	0	15
Fijian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	50	10	40
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	25	10	15
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	10	325	85	235
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	70	40	30
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	45	30	15
Tamil	0	0	0	25	15	0
Telugu	0	0	0	15	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	175	65	110	5,610	2,585	3,030
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	15	590	280	305
Baltic languages	0	0	0	20	15	10
Latvian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slavic languages	20	10	10	565	270	295
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Croatian	0	0	0	60	20	40
Czech	0	0	0	120	70	50
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	120	60	65
Russian	10	0	0	75	20	55
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slovak	0	0	0	40	20	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ukrainian	20	10	15	125	60	60
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	30	15	15
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	25	10	10
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	75	20	55	2,640	1,210	1,430
Afrikaans	10	0	10	115	50	65
Danish	0	0	0	135	60	75
Dutch	15	0	15	775	325	450
Frisian	0	0	0	10	10	10
German	40	20	25	1,515	740	770
Icelandic	0	0	0	10	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	55	30	25
Swedish	15	0	15	140	45	95
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	55	25	25
Indo-Iranian languages	40	20	20	870	440	430
Indo-Aryan languages	30	15	15	815	415	405
Bengali	0	0	0	0	10	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	10	0	0
Hindi	0	10	0	135	75	55
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	20	15	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	10	20	670	320	350
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	50	25	30
Iranian languages	10	0	0	60	35	25
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	10	0	0	0	10	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	55	30	25
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	15	20	1,655	735	920
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	255	115	145
Portuguese	10	10	0	130	55	75
Romanian	0	0	0	35	20	15
Spanish	30	15	15	1,305	570	740
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	160	50	110
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	110	60	50
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	40	15	30
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	45	15	30
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	20
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	0	10	160	45	115
American Sign Language	0	0	10	80	10	70
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	85	35	50
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	405	180	225
Chinese languages	0	0	0	405	180	225
Cantonese	0	0	0	130	50	80
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	235	100	135
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	40	20	20
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	45	25	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	75	15	60
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	10
Thai	0	0	0	70	15	55
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	0	0	225	105	120
Estonian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Finnish	0	0	0	115	45	75
Hungarian	10	0	0	100	55	45
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	3,220	1,620	1,600	81,885	40,135	41,750
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	3,190	1,610	1,580	79,255	38,960	40,290
Canadian citizens aged under 18	485	250	240	14,730	7,480	7,245
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	2,705	1,360	1,340	64,525	31,480	33,040
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	35	10	20	2,630	1,170	1,460
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	3,220	1,625	1,600	81,880	40,130	41,750
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	3,000	1,515	1,485	71,240	35,195	36,050
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	215	110	110	10,285	4,780	5,510
Before 1981	150	85	65	6,520	3,100	3,420
1981 to 1990	10	0	0	1,000	445	555
1991 to 2000	20	0	15	810	345	460
2001 to 2010	30	10	20	1,195	480	710
2001 to 2005	25	10	20	485	190	295
2006 to 2010	10	0	0	705	290	415
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	10	0	0	765	405	360
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	0	0	0	350	160	190
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	220	110	110	10,290	4,775	5,515
Under 5 years	20	0	10	1,400	680	715
5 to 14 years	50	30	20	2,040	1,000	1,050
15 to 24 years	80	25	55	2,630	1,195	1,435
25 to 44 years	65	40	25	3,515	1,580	1,940
45 years and over	15	10	0	705	325	375
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	220	105	110	10,290	4,780	5,510
Americas	15	0	10	1,510	645	870
Brazil	0	0	0	25	10	15
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	10	10	10
Guyana	0	0	0	10	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	35	10	25
Mexico	0	0	0	50	25	25
Peru	0	0	0	0	10	10
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	25	20	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	0	0	10	1,155	475	680
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	0	180	80	100
Europe	180	90	90	6,550	3,150	3,395
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	30	15	10
Croatia	0	0	0	40	20	20
France	10	0	0	90	45	45
Germany	15	0	10	710	365	345
Greece	0	0	0	35	20	15
Hungary	0	0	0	100	40	60
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	85	50	40
Italy	0	0	0	105	60	50
Netherlands	15	0	15	675	325	355
Poland	0	0	0	95	40	55
Portugal	10	10	0	45	20	20
Romania	0	0	0	45	25	25
Russian Federation	10	0	0	25	20	10
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ukraine	10	10	0	25	10	15
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	115	60	60	3,835	1,840	1,995
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	10	590	265	320
Africa	10	0	0	305	145	165
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	10	10	0
Kenya	0	0	0	35	15	25
Morocco	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	10	0	10
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	165	70	95
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	70	40	35
Asia	0	0	0	1,615	675	935
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	0	0	0	190	75	120
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	45	15	30
India	0	0	0	480	225	245
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	35	25	10
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	55	10	45
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	90	45	40
Lebanon	0	0	0	10	10	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	40	20	15
Philippines	10	0	10	335	105	230
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	50	25	30
Taiwan	0	0	0	40	20	25
Viet Nam	0	0	0	65	25	35
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	175	75	100
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	10	15	0	310	170	145
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	10	0	0	765	405	365
Americas	0	0	0	115	65	45
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	0	0	0	70	35	40
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	30	30	0
Europe	0	0	0	180	95	85
France	0	0	0	20	0	15
Germany	0	0	0	20	10	10
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	10	10	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	90	45	40
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	40	25	15
Africa	0	0	0	60	30	35
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	10	0	10
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	10	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	20	15	10
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	30	10	20
Asia	0	0	0	380	200	180
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	0	0	0	30	25	10
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	55	35	20
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	15	10	10
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	30	15	15
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	10	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	35	15	20
Philippines	0	0	0	135	65	65
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	50	20	25
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	25	10	15
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	30	15	15
Australia	0	0	0	15	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	10	0	10
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	3,220	1,625	1,595	81,880	40,135	41,750
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	255	130	125	11,290	5,255	6,030
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	515	240	275	16,235	7,925	8,310
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	2,450	1,255	1,205	54,355	26,950	27,410
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	65	20	40	3,925	1,750	2,180
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	35	0	30	2,025	930	1,100
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	15	10	10	865	515	345
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	20	0	20	1,165	410	755
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	35	20	15	1,640	655	985
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	0	0	0	215	140	75
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	0	0	0	35	20	15
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	3,220	1,625	1,600	81,885	40,130	41,750
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	310	180	125	9,660	4,830	4,825
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	295	180	120	9,490	4,740	4,745
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	170	90	80	7,315	3,675	3,645
Métis	130	90	45	2,105	1,015	1,090
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	60	55	15
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	10	10	0	105	65	35
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	0	0	0	65	20	45
Non-Aboriginal identity	2,910	1,440	1,470	72,220	35,300	36,920
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	3,225	1,625	1,600	81,880	40,130	41,750
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	115	55	60	6,550	3,245	3,310
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	3,110	1,570	1,540	75,330	36,890	38,440
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	3,225	1,620	1,595	81,880	40,135	41,750
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	90	50	40	5,150	2,615	2,535
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	90	50	35	5,125	2,605	2,525
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	75	50	25	4,835	2,440	2,395
Métis single ancestry	10	0	10	265	145	125
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	25	25	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	0	20	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	20	10	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	265	125	135	5,385	2,585	2,800
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	255	125	135	5,050	2,410	2,640
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	145	65	80	3,230	1,580	1,650
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	110	55	55	1,770	785	985
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	55	45	10
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	10	10	10	330	175	160
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	10	320	170	150
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	10	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	2,865	1,445	1,420	71,350	34,930	36,415
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	3,220	1,625	1,600	81,885	40,130	41,750
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	130	50	80	3,805	1,725	2,080
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	80	40	40	1,260	650	610
Chinese	10	0	0	660	285	380
Black	0	0	0	305	145	160
Filipino	15	0	20	475	150	325
Latin American	0	0	10	150	65	85
Arab	0	0	0	95	60	35
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	0	0	0	240	90	155
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	0	0	0	35	15	15
Korean	0	0	0	100	55	45
Japanese	0	0	0	265	110	155
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	0	0	0	85	40	40
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	10	0	10	140	60	80
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	3,095	1,575	1,520	78,075	38,405	39,670
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	3,225	1,620	1,595	81,880	40,135	41,750
North American Aboriginal origins	355	180	180	10,540	5,200	5,335
First Nations (North American Indian)	230	120	115	8,420	4,200	4,220
Inuit	0	0	0	90	75	20
Métis	145	70	75	2,385	1,110	1,275
Other North American origins	1,015	545	470	22,815	11,270	11,550
Acadian	0	0	0	70	15	55
American	50	40	15	1,750	885	870
Canadian	970	515	460	21,410	10,580	10,825
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	95	45	45
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	0	0	0	65	35	25
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	2,605	1,270	1,340	64,810	31,435	33,380
British Isles origins	1,920	935	985	50,200	24,160	26,045
Channel Islander	0	0	0	20	15	0
Cornish	0	0	0	10	0	0
English	1,210	575	640	33,550	15,805	17,745
Irish	610	285	325	15,875	7,245	8,625
Manx	0	0	0	60	20	35
Scottish	930	385	540	22,820	10,785	12,040
Welsh	70	30	40	3,105	1,515	1,590
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	90	45	45	2,630	1,190	1,445
French origins	525	250	280	8,530	3,945	4,580
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	10	0	10
Corsican	0	0	0	10	0	10
French	530	245	280	8,525	3,945	4,580
Western European origins (except French origins)	660	325	335	17,220	8,355	8,865
Austrian	55	10	35	895	450	445
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	20	0	10	545	275	270
Dutch	160	90	65	5,205	2,470	2,740
Flemish	10	0	10	80	40	40
Frisian	0	0	0	30	20	15
German	440	225	220	11,595	5,615	5,980
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	10	0
Swiss	10	0	0	530	260	270
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	20	10	10
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	340	135	205	8,550	3,955	4,600
Danish	50	20	30	1,600	750	855
Finnish	45	10	30	960	425	535
Icelandic	20	0	15	705	360	340
Norwegian	115	45	70	3,155	1,425	1,730
Swedish	185	75	110	2,660	1,215	1,450
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	10	0	10	360	165	190
Eastern European origins	455	210	245	9,405	4,560	4,845
Bulgarian	0	0	0	35	15	20
Byelorussian	0	0	10	55	25	35
Czech	20	10	10	400	170	230
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	10	10	0	255	115	145
Estonian	0	0	0	40	25	20
Hungarian	30	10	20	825	420	405
Latvian	0	0	0	125	45	80
Lithuanian	0	0	0	145	65	75
Moldovan	0	0	0	25	10	20
Polish	135	65	75	2,645	1,365	1,280
Romanian	10	0	10	425	230	195
Russian	70	10	55	1,615	775	845
Slovak	10	0	10	135	65	70
Ukrainian	225	120	100	4,200	2,005	2,195
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	60	25	35
Southern European origins	175	115	60	4,285	2,060	2,230
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	255	135	115
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	305	155	145
Italian	100	65	30	2,570	1,220	1,350
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	40	20	20
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	30	15	15	470	230	235
Serbian	0	0	0	70	55	20
Sicilian	0	0	0	35	10	25
Slovenian	0	0	0	40	20	15
Spanish	35	30	10	605	270	335
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	10	10	0	95	55	45
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	35	15	25	510	260	245
Basque	0	10	0	10	10	0
Jewish	0	0	0	245	125	115
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	30	10	25
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	20	10	15	225	115	110
Caribbean origins	10	10	10	265	125	140
Antiguan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	20	15	10
Bermudan	0	0	0	25	20	10
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	25	10	15
Dominican	10	0	0	20	15	10
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Jamaican	0	10	0	100	40	60
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	15	10	10
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	0	0	0	35	10	25
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	0	15	10	10
Latin, Central and South American origins	10	10	0	475	220	255
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	75	45	30
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Belizean	0	0	0	15	0	10
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	10	0	10	40	20	20
Chilean	0	0	0	70	20	55
Colombian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Costa Rican	0	0	0	20	10	10
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	25	15	0
Hispanic	0	0	0	10	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	10	0
Maya	0	0	0	25	10	15
Mexican	0	0	0	180	85	90
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	15	0	10
Panamanian	0	0	0	15	15	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	35	10	20
Uruguayan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	20	10	15
African origins	15	0	15	505	255	245
Central and West African origins	0	0	0	40	20	15
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	10	0	10
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	10	10	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins	0	0	0	60	35	25
Algerian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	10	0	10
Moroccan	0	0	0	30	20	10
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Southern and East African origins	10	0	10	205	80	125
Afrikaner	0	0	0	10	10	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	40	15	25
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	10	0	10	145	40	105
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	25	10	10
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	0	0	0	200	120	80
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	0	0	0	30	15	20
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	0	0	0	170	110	60
Asian origins	160	80	80	3,790	1,735	2,055
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	15	10	10	315	180	135
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	0	0	0	15	10	10
Armenian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	75	40	35
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	10	10	0	20	20	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	95	50	40
Palestinian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Syrian	0	0	0	60	40	20
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	0	0	0	25	15	15
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	10	0	10	10	0	10
South Asian origins	80	35	40	1,375	695	680
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	60	30	30	1,220	635	590
Goan	0	0	0	30	15	15
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	30	15	15
Pakistani	20	0	10	55	10	45
Punjabi	0	0	0	50	25	20
Sinhalese	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	10	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	65	35	35	2,070	850	1,220
Burmese	0	0	0	10	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese	15	10	10	845	365	485
Filipino	40	15	25	555	195	365
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	45	20	30
Japanese	0	0	0	335	140	195
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	95	60	40
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	50	10	35
Mongolian	10	0	0	20	10	15
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	25	10	15
Thai	0	0	0	90	20	70
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	160	65	95
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	35	15	15
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	35	15	20
Oceania origins	10	10	0	605	315	290
Australian	0	10	0	290	135	150
New Zealander	0	0	0	160	105	50
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	155	70	85
Fijian	0	0	0	30	15	10
Hawaiian	0	0	0	105	40	70
Maori	0	0	0	10	10	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	1,475	...	...	35,270	...	...
Owner	1,090	...	...	27,250	...	...
Renter	380	...	...	7,805	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	210	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	1,475	...	...	35,270	...	...
Condominium	135	...	...	3,070	...	...
Not condominium	1,335	...	...	32,205	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	1,475	...	...	35,270	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	145	...	...
1 bedroom	135	...	...	3,035	...	...
2 bedrooms	325	...	...	9,275	...	...
3 bedrooms	565	...	...	13,520	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	450	...	...	9,290	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	1,475	...	...	35,275	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	260	...	...	6,960	...	...
5 rooms	255	...	...	5,765	...	...
6 rooms	270	...	...	5,855	...	...
7 rooms	190	...	...	4,995	...	...
8 or more rooms	495	...	...	11,695	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	1,475	...	...	35,270	...	...
One person or fewer per room	1,470	...	...	34,975	...	...
More than 1 person per room	0	...	...	300	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	1,475	...	...	35,275	...	...
Suitable	1,430	...	...	34,220	...	...
Not suitable	45	...	...	1,050	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	1,475	...	...	35,275	...	...
1960 or before	520	...	...	6,050	...	...
1961 to 1980	335	...	...	10,025	...	...
1981 to 1990	105	...	...	5,090	...	...
1991 to 2000	290	...	...	7,030	...	...
2001 to 2005	80	...	...	1,950	...	...
2006 to 2010	90	...	...	3,195	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	55	...	...	1,925	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	1,475	...	...	35,270	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	1,310	...	...	32,630	...	...
Major repairs needed	160	...	...	2,640	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	1,475	...	...	35,275	...	...
1 household maintainer	940	...	...	20,160	...	...
2 household maintainers	485	...	...	14,390	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	50	...	...	725	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	1,475	...	...	35,270	...	...
15 to 24 years	35	...	...	520	...	...
25 to 34 years	140	...	...	3,160	...	...
35 to 44 years	165	...	...	4,400	...	...
45 to 54 years	265	...	...	6,605	...	...
55 to 64 years	350	...	...	8,260	...	...
65 to 74 years	300	...	...	7,170	...	...
75 to 84 years	165	...	...	3,765	...	...
85 years and over	55	...	...	1,400	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	1,470	...	...	33,695	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	1,065	...	...	25,950	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	410	...	...	7,745	...	...
30% to less than 100%	375	...	...	6,810	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,090	...	...	26,140	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	60.6	...	...	55.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	20.2	...	...	16.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	902	...	...	910	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,003	...	...	1,113	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	259,754	...	...	376,759	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	313,587	...	...	424,941	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	385	...	...	7,595	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	10.4	...	...	10.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	51.3	...	...	44.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	874	...	...	877	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	891	...	...	940	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	2,810	1,425	1,385	69,625	33,885	35,735
No certificate, diploma or degree	585	305	280	12,635	6,635	6,000
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	990	490	500	20,155	9,610	10,550
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,240	630	610	36,835	17,645	19,190
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	335	260	70	8,675	6,585	2,090
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	155	110	40	3,410	1,985	1,415
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	180	150	25	5,275	4,595	675
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	555	205	350	14,245	5,195	9,050
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	105	45	60	2,815	960	1,855
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	240	115	125	11,095	4,900	6,195
Bachelor's degree	155	70	85	6,890	2,855	4,035
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	10	15	0	990	425	575
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	395	225	170
Master's degree	65	25	40	2,455	1,145	1,300
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	10	10	0	365	245	120
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	1,740	895	850	42,580	20,330	22,245
No certificate, diploma or degree	280	165	120	5,300	3,060	2,240
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	650	355	290	12,295	6,020	6,280
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	810	375	440	24,980	11,255	13,725
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	210	165	40	5,715	4,290	1,430
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	95	75	20	2,185	1,245	940
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	115	95	20	3,530	3,045	485
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	415	135	280	10,045	3,530	6,510
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	60	15	40	1,880	595	1,285
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	135	60	75	7,345	2,840	4,505
Bachelor's degree	90	45	45	4,775	1,860	2,920
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	660	225	430
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	265	115	150
Master's degree	40	10	30	1,500	580	920
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	0	0	0	145	55	90
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	2,810	1,425	1,385	69,620	33,890	35,735
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	1,575	795	780	32,790	16,245	16,545
Education	90	20	70	3,030	830	2,200
13. Education	95	20	70	3,030	830	2,200
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	20	10	10	1,185	520	665
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	10	0	200	170	30
50. Visual and performing arts	10	10	10	985	355	630
Humanities	65	30	35	1,480	590	890
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	0	0	0	155	40	120
23. English language and literature/letters	20	10	10	415	135	285
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	20	15	10	355	130	230
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	10	0	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	0	10	80	40	40
39. Theology and religious vocations	10	10	10	210	130	75
54. History	0	0	0	205	105	100
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	50	15	35
Social and behavioural sciences and law	110	30	80	3,470	1,085	2,380
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	85	25	60
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	0	240	100	140
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10	0	10	775	40	730
22. Legal professions and studies	25	0	25	570	165	410
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	0	0	0	50	0	50
42. Psychology	35	15	20	660	205	450
45. Social sciences	30	10	20	1,085	550	535
Business, management and public administration	190	40	145	5,920	1,810	4,105
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	10	575	170	410
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	180	40	140	5,340	1,645	3,700
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	1,040	600	440
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	470	250	225
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	195	105	85
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	260	205	60
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	100	45	60
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	35	35	0	765	460	305
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	35	30	0	580	365	215
25. Library science	0	0	0	65	20	45
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	115	70	40
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	370	350	25	8,820	8,295	525
04. Architecture and related services	10	0	10	120	65	55
14. Engineering	30	30	0	855	745	110
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	70	60	15	1,405	1,210	195
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	10	0	0
46. Construction trades	105	100	0	2,515	2,440	75
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	140	135	0	2,555	2,520	35
48. Precision production	25	30	0	1,370	1,315	50
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	35	20	15	1,375	950	425
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	20	20	10	675	420	255
03. Natural resources and conservation	15	0	10	700	530	170
Health and related fields	225	35	185	6,980	1,040	5,940
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	10	0	10	345	105	240
51. Health professions and related programs	215	35	175	6,525	870	5,655
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	0	105	65	45
Personal, protective and transportation services	90	55	40	2,760	1,455	1,305
12. Personal and culinary services	60	20	35	1,675	515	1,160
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	10	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	45	40	10
43. Security and protective services	15	10	0	285	195	90
49. Transportation and materials moving	20	20	0	750	700	50
Other	0	0	0	10	0	10
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	10	0	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	1,745	895	850	42,575	20,330	22,250
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	930	520	410	17,600	9,075	8,520
Education	55	10	50	1,710	355	1,355
13. Education	55	0	50	1,705	355	1,355
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	15	10	10	850	350	500
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	120	85	35
50. Visual and performing arts	15	0	10	730	265	465
Humanities	20	20	0	890	350	545
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	0	0	0	85	15	70
23. English language and literature/letters	10	10	10	240	75	165
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	10	0	260	95	165
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	45	35	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	10	10	0	115	65	50
54. History	0	0	0	120	60	60
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	20	0	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	95	30	65	2,505	660	1,850
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	60	10	50
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	0	190	70	120
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	15	0	10	625	35	590
22. Legal professions and studies	25	0	25	425	85	340
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	0	0	0	45	0	45
42. Psychology	30	15	15	405	125	280
45. Social sciences	25	10	10	755	335	425
Business, management and public administration	145	25	110	4,075	1,165	2,910
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	10	410	95	320
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	130	25	105	3,655	1,075	2,585
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	665	320	345
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	330	145	185
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	140	60	70
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	145	100	45
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	45	10	35
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	20	0	530	300	225
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	20	0	455	275	185
25. Library science	0	0	0	40	0	35
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	25	10	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	225	210	20	5,855	5,450	405
04. Architecture and related services	10	0	10	90	35	55
14. Engineering	10	15	0	500	425	75
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	50	40	10	900	760	145
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	70	70	0	1,830	1,760	70
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	70	70	0	1,635	1,615	20
48. Precision production	20	20	0	900	865	35
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	20	10	10	970	625	345
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	10	10	0	470	275	200
03. Natural resources and conservation	15	0	10	500	350	150
Health and related fields	165	25	140	4,995	725	4,270
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	10	0	10	245	70	175
51. Health professions and related programs	155	25	130	4,680	620	4,060
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	0	70	30	35
Personal, protective and transportation services	50	30	20	1,925	955	965
12. Personal and culinary services	40	20	25	1,245	390	850
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	10	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	25	20	10
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	200	125	75
49. Transportation and materials moving	10	10	0	455	415	40
Other	0	0	0	10	0	10
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	2,815	1,425	1,390	69,620	33,890	35,735
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,575	795	775	32,790	16,245	16,545
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	1,240	630	610	36,835	17,640	19,190
Location of study inside Canada	1,175	590	585	32,550	15,575	16,965
Same as province or territory of residence	850	415	435	24,195	11,260	12,935
Different than province or territory of residence	325	170	155	8,345	4,310	4,035
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	60	40	25	4,285	2,065	2,220
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	20	10	10	1,150	570	575
Philippines	0	0	10	175	35	140
India	0	0	0	130	65	65
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	25	20	0	1,515	750	765
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	50	15	30
France	0	0	0	25	10	15
Other	15	10	10	1,235	610	630
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	1,745	895	850	42,580	20,330	22,250
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	935	520	410	17,595	9,075	8,525
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	810	375	435	24,980	11,255	13,725
Location of study inside Canada	770	355	420	22,820	10,335	12,485
Same as province or territory of residence	600	280	325	17,915	7,895	10,020
Different than province or territory of residence	170	75	95	4,905	2,435	2,465
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	40	25	15	2,160	925	1,240
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	15	10	10	630	275	355
Philippines	10	0	10	160	30	130
India	0	0	0	80	35	40
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	10	10	0	555	250	305
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	50	20	30
France	0	0	0	15	10	10
Other	10	10	10	675	305	370
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	2,815	1,425	1,390	69,620	33,885	35,735
In the labour force	1,590	840	755	39,945	20,475	19,470
Employed	1,395	755	640	36,980	18,775	18,205
Unemployed	195	80	110	2,965	1,700	1,265
Not in the labour force	1,220	590	635	29,680	13,420	16,265
Participation rate	56.5	58.9	54.3	57.4	60.4	54.5
Employment rate	49.6	53.0	46.0	53.1	55.4	50.9
Unemployment rate	12.3	9.5	14.6	7.4	8.3	6.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	2,815	1,425	1,385	69,625	33,890	35,735
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	1,200	550	650	27,680	12,260	15,420
Worked	1,610	875	735	41,940	21,625	20,315
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	690	410	285	18,740	10,605	8,135
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	920	465	455	23,200	11,025	12,180
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.5	40.9	42.3	41.6	41.6	41.7
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	1,595	840	750	39,945	20,470	19,470
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	75	15	60	900	440	460
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	1,515	825	690	39,040	20,030	19,015
Employee	1,310	695	610	32,260	16,160	16,100
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	205	130	80	6,785	3,870	2,915
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	1,590	835	755	39,945	20,470	19,475
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	75	15	60	895	440	455
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	1,515	825	690	39,040	20,030	19,015
0 Management occupations	115	70	40	4,440	2,600	1,840
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	165	20	145	5,100	1,105	3,995
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	80	60	20	2,080	1,645	435
3 Health occupations	80	20	60	2,865	495	2,370
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	145	40	100	4,340	1,350	2,995
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	25	0	25	1,210	455	755
6 Sales and service occupations	445	170	275	9,035	3,290	5,745
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	305	295	15	6,980	6,630	355
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	95	75	15	1,610	1,300	310
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	75	70	0	1,385	1,170	220
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	1,590	840	755	39,945	20,475	19,470
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	75	15	60	900	440	460
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	1,515	820	695	39,045	20,030	19,015
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	75	70	10	1,990	1,420	570
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	20	15	0	320	280	40
22 Utilities	10	10	0	185	150	35
23 Construction	190	165	20	3,805	3,380	425
31-33 Manufacturing	110	110	10	2,910	2,410	505
41 Wholesale trade	35	35	0	865	630	235
44-45 Retail trade	240	85	160	5,030	2,170	2,855
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	25	15	10	1,425	1,125	300
51 Information and cultural industries	10	10	10	495	260	235
52 Finance and insurance	25	0	20	1,110	335	775
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	25	10	10	625	335	285
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	105	55	55	2,240	1,080	1,160
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	35	20	15
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	85	45	45	1,845	1,095	750
61 Educational services	60	15	50	2,755	770	1,985
62 Health care and social assistance	150	25	125	4,985	920	4,070
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	30	10	20	900	380	515
72 Accommodation and food services	150	60	90	2,970	1,085	1,885
81 Other services (except public administration)	60	25	35	1,935	815	1,120
91 Public administration	110	70	40	2,615	1,355	1,260
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	1,395	755	640	36,980	18,775	18,205
Worked at home	115	55	60	3,915	1,740	2,175
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	115	70	45
No fixed workplace address	315	245	70	5,980	4,610	1,370
Worked at usual place	965	455	510	26,970	12,350	14,615
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	965	450	510	26,970	12,350	14,615
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	330	135	205	7,805	3,385	4,425
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	485	225	255	11,745	4,945	6,800
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	140	85	50	7,085	3,745	3,340
Commute to a different province or territory	10	0	0	330	275	55
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	1,285	700	580	32,950	16,960	15,990
Car, truck, van - as a driver	1,060	600	465	27,540	14,270	13,270
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	90	55	40	1,950	965	985
Public transit	10	0	10	630	325	310
Walked	85	25	55	1,775	740	1,030
Bicycle	10	10	10	355	220	140
Other method	25	15	10	695	445	250
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	1,280	695	580	32,950	16,960	15,990
Less than 15 minutes	365	160	210	11,405	4,940	6,460
15 to 29 minutes	305	180	125	10,315	5,205	5,115
30 to 44 minutes	335	150	180	5,035	2,830	2,205
45 to 59 minutes	85	55	30	2,550	1,535	1,010
60 minutes and over	195	150	45	3,650	2,460	1,195
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	1,280	700	585	32,950	16,960	15,990
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	155	110	45	2,575	1,885	685
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	230	155	75	6,340	4,055	2,285
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	295	175	120	8,635	4,590	4,045
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	230	75	155	6,905	2,495	4,415
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	140	55	85	3,465	1,200	2,270
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	235	130	105	5,025	2,740	2,290
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	1,685	930	760	43,505	22,325	21,180
Single responses	1,690	925	760	43,385	22,285	21,100
Official languages	1,690	925	765	43,320	22,250	21,070
English	1,685	925	760	43,255	22,250	21,000
French	0	0	0	70	0	70
Non-official languages	0	0	0	65	40	25
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	10	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	60	35	20
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	10	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	10	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	15	10	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	20	15	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	10	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	10	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	120	35	85
English and French	0	0	0	35	0	35
English and non-official language	0	0	0	70	30	40
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	15	10	10
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	1,685	925	760	43,510	22,325	21,185
None	1,680	930	750	42,715	22,015	20,695
English	0	0	0	110	20	95
French	0	0	0	250	125	125
Non-official language	10	0	10	400	145	255
Aboriginal	0	0	0	140	45	100
Non-Aboriginal	10	0	10	250	95	155
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	40	20	15
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	3,195	1,610	1,590	81,215	39,810	41,405
Non-movers	2,630	1,295	1,335	70,355	34,600	35,750
Movers	570	310	255	10,860	5,210	5,655
Non-migrants	220	120	95	4,390	2,165	2,230
Migrants	345	190	155	6,470	3,050	3,425
Internal migrants	330	190	145	6,095	2,865	3,235
Intraprovincial migrants	295	170	125	4,775	2,250	2,530
Interprovincial migrants	40	20	20	1,320	615	705
External migrants	15	0	15	375	185	185
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	3,070	1,555	1,515	78,145	38,255	39,890
Non-movers	1,800	860	935	48,820	24,120	24,700
Movers	1,270	695	580	29,330	14,135	15,195
Non-migrants	385	230	155	11,960	5,875	6,085
Migrants	885	465	420	17,365	8,255	9,105
Internal migrants	880	465	415	16,225	7,720	8,500
Intraprovincial migrants	745	400	350	12,500	5,965	6,540
Interprovincial migrants	130	65	65	3,720	1,755	1,965
External migrants	10	0	10	1,145	540	605

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Lake Cowichan, T [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Cowichan Valley, RD [Census division], British Columbia (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 13, 2025).

Date modified:: 2024-07-12

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Lake Cowichan, Town [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Cowichan Valley, Regional district [Census division], British Columbia

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Census Profile, 2016 Census Lake Cowichan, Town [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Cowichan Valley, Regional district [Census division], British Columbia

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Lake Cowichan, Town [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Cowichan Valley, Regional district [Census division], British Columbia