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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Prince George, City [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Fraser-Fort George, Regional district [Census division], British Columbia

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Prince George, CY British Columbia [Census subdivision]			Fraser-Fort George, RD British Columbia [Census division]
	Data quality , Prince George, City [Census subdivision], British Columbia Map : Prince George, City [Census subdivision], British Columbia Change geography 1			Data quality : Fraser-Fort George, Regional district [Census division], British Columbia Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	74,003	...	...	94,506	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	71,974	...	...	91,879	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	2.8	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	32,098	...	...	41,666	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	30,236	...	...	38,600	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	232.5	...	...	1.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	318.26	...	...	50,676.10	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	74,000	36,960	37,045	94,505	47,685	46,815
0 to 14 years	12,955	6,675	6,280	16,425	8,475	7,955
0 to 4 years	4,220	2,160	2,065	5,245	2,700	2,540
5 to 9 years	4,550	2,335	2,210	5,795	2,975	2,820
10 to 14 years	4,185	2,175	2,005	5,390	2,800	2,590
15 to 64 years	50,630	25,355	25,275	64,540	32,570	31,975
15 to 19 years	4,545	2,340	2,210	5,730	2,960	2,770
20 to 24 years	5,500	2,885	2,615	6,445	3,370	3,080
25 to 29 years	5,580	2,840	2,740	6,540	3,345	3,195
30 to 34 years	5,230	2,600	2,630	6,385	3,160	3,225
35 to 39 years	4,645	2,285	2,360	5,855	2,900	2,960
40 to 44 years	4,890	2,415	2,475	6,165	3,070	3,095
45 to 49 years	4,895	2,435	2,455	6,435	3,215	3,215
50 to 54 years	5,430	2,665	2,770	7,315	3,630	3,685
55 to 59 years	5,345	2,650	2,695	7,365	3,725	3,640
60 to 64 years	4,570	2,255	2,320	6,300	3,185	3,110
65 years and over	10,420	4,925	5,495	13,530	6,645	6,890
65 to 69 years	3,775	1,830	1,945	5,110	2,550	2,560
70 to 74 years	2,620	1,265	1,355	3,500	1,785	1,710
75 to 79 years	1,780	855	925	2,240	1,100	1,140
80 to 84 years	1,230	580	645	1,490	720	770
85 years and over	1,020	400	620	1,195	485	705
85 to 89 years	700	295	405	830	370	460
90 to 94 years	245	75	170	285	95	195
95 to 99 years	70	20	50	75	20	55
100 years and over	0	0	0	5	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.5	18.1	17.0	17.4	17.8	17.0
15 to 64 years	68.4	68.6	68.2	68.3	68.3	68.3
65 years and over	14.1	13.3	14.8	14.3	13.9	14.7
85 years and over	1.4	1.1	1.7	1.3	1.0	1.5
Average age of the population	39.0	38.4	39.7	39.6	39.2	40.0
Median age of the population	38.4	37.5	39.4	39.9	39.4	40.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	30,235	...	...	38,600	...	...
Single-detached house	17,995	...	...	25,030	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	430	...	...	430	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	9,640	...	...	10,075	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,285	...	...	1,310	...	...
Row house	1,685	...	...	1,890	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,305	...	...	2,340	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,335	...	...	4,495	...	...
Other single-attached house	30	...	...	35	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	2,170	...	...	3,070	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	30,235	...	...	38,600	...	...
1 person	8,550	...	...	10,485	...	...
2 persons	10,685	...	...	14,220	...	...
3 persons	4,685	...	...	5,845	...	...
4 persons	4,095	...	...	5,175	...	...
5 or more persons	2,225	...	...	2,870	...	...
Number of persons in private households	72,545	...	...	92,935	...	...
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	61,050	30,285	30,765	78,075	39,215	38,865
Married or living common law	33,745	16,880	16,865	45,200	22,620	22,580
Married	25,800	12,920	12,880	34,860	17,465	17,395
Living common law	7,940	3,960	3,980	10,345	5,160	5,185
Not married and not living common law	27,305	13,405	13,905	32,875	16,595	16,285
Never married	18,020	10,065	7,955	21,580	12,230	9,350
Separated	2,190	940	1,250	2,695	1,235	1,455
Divorced	3,890	1,660	2,230	4,780	2,200	2,580
Widowed	3,210	745	2,465	3,830	925	2,905
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	20,535	...	...	26,875	...	...
2 persons	10,990	...	...	14,650	...	...
3 persons	4,300	...	...	5,450	...	...
4 persons	3,755	...	...	4,785	...	...
5 or more persons	1,500	...	...	1,990	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	20,535	...	...	26,875	...	...
Total couple families	16,570	...	...	22,230	...	...
Married couples	12,600	...	...	17,060	...	...
Common-law couples	3,970	...	...	5,170	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	3,965	...	...	4,645	...	...
Female parent	3,060	...	...	3,500	...	...
Male parent	905	...	...	1,140	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	16,570	...	...	22,230	...	...
Couples without children	8,530	...	...	11,785	...	...
Couples with children	8,045	...	...	10,440	...	...
1 child	3,225	...	...	4,175	...	...
2 children	3,430	...	...	4,410	...	...
3 or more children	1,385	...	...	1,860	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	3,965	...	...	4,640	...	...
1 child	2,460	...	...	2,865	...	...
2 children	1,075	...	...	1,270	...	...
3 or more children	435	...	...	505	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	14,730	7,575	7,160	17,545	9,375	8,170
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	30,235	...	...	38,600	...	...
One-census-family households	19,510	...	...	25,565	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	8,120	...	...	11,270	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	11,385	...	...	14,300	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	505	...	...	640	...	...
Non-census-family households	10,225	...	...	12,390	...	...
One-person households	8,550	...	...	10,490	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	1,675	...	...	1,900	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	73,040	36,385	36,650	93,520	47,105	46,410
English only	68,855	34,520	34,330	88,525	44,880	43,645
French only	10	5	10	15	5	15
English and French	3,825	1,720	2,105	4,600	2,075	2,530
Neither English nor French	340	140	205	375	150	225
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	73,035	36,385	36,655	93,520	47,105	46,415
English	71,830	35,790	36,040	92,010	46,350	45,660
French	800	425	375	1,055	570	490
English and French	75	40	40	90	45	45
Neither English nor French	330	130	195	360	145	215
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	835	440	395	1,100	590	510
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.3	1.1
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	73,040	36,385	36,655	93,520	47,105	46,415
Single responses	72,245	35,995	36,250	92,555	46,620	45,935
Official languages	65,155	32,600	32,555	84,260	42,610	41,650
English	64,210	32,120	32,095	83,000	41,955	41,040
French	940	485	460	1,260	650	610
Non-official languages	7,090	3,395	3,695	8,295	4,010	4,290
Aboriginal languages	280	110	170	315	125	195
Algonquian languages	65	25	35	70	30	45
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	55	20	30	60	25	35
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	5	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	10	5	10	10	5	5
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	40	20	25	45	25	25
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	5	10	0	10
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	5	5	5	5	0	5
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	165	65	100	185	75	115
Northern Athabaskan languages	165	65	100	185	70	110
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	5	5	5	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	145	50	90	150	55	95
Chilcotin	5	5	0	5	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	10	5	5	20	10	10
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	5	0	0	5	5	5
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	5	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	5	0	0
Michif	0	0	5	5	5	5
Salish languages	0	5	0	0	5	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	40	20	20	40	20	25
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	30	10	20	30	15	15
Nisga'a	5	5	0	5	5	0
Tsimshian	5	0	5	5	5	5
Wakashan languages	5	0	0	0	0	5
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	0	5	5	5	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	6,810	3,280	3,525	7,980	3,885	4,095
Afro-Asiatic languages	170	110	60	175	115	55
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	5	0	5	5	5
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	5	0	0	5	5	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	160	110	55	170	115	55
Amharic	5	0	5	5	0	0
Arabic	140	100	45	145	100	45
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	5	0	5	5	0
Maltese	10	5	5	10	5	10
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	75	30	40	80	35	40
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	5	5	5
Vietnamese	70	30	40	75	35	40
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	650	220	425	730	250	480
Bikol	0	0	0	5	5	0
Cebuano	60	20	35	70	25	45
Fijian	5	5	5	5	5	0
Hiligaynon	10	0	5	10	5	5
Ilocano	30	10	15	30	10	20
Malagasy	5	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	5	0	5	15	5	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	5	10	10	5	5
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	525	180	350	580	195	385
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	10	10	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Dravidian languages	55	25	30	60	30	35
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	25	15	10	20	15	10
Tamil	20	10	15	20	5	10
Telugu	10	10	10	15	5	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Indo-European languages	4,670	2,300	2,365	5,585	2,780	2,810
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	5	0	5	0	0	5
Balto-Slavic languages	705	330	370	880	420	465
Baltic languages	10	5	5	10	5	5
Latvian	5	0	5	5	0	5
Lithuanian	5	5	5	5	5	5
Slavic languages	695	325	365	870	415	460
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	5	0	5	5	0
Bulgarian	10	10	5	10	5	5
Croatian	175	85	90	195	100	95
Czech	30	15	15	50	25	25
Macedonian	5	5	0	5	0	5
Polish	140	65	75	170	75	90
Russian	95	40	55	140	60	75
Serbian	25	15	10	25	15	10
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Slovak	20	15	10	30	20	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	15	15	40	20	20
Ukrainian	145	60	90	195	85	105
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	10	5	10
Celtic languages	5	5	5	5	0	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	5	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	5	0	0
Germanic languages	1,315	620	695	1,850	890	960
Afrikaans	40	20	20	50	30	25
Danish	85	35	45	95	45	55
Dutch	205	105	105	280	140	140
Frisian	5	0	0	0	5	0
German	915	420	495	1,325	630	700
Icelandic	10	5	0	10	10	5
Norwegian	35	20	20	40	20	25
Swedish	25	10	15	30	15	15
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	5	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Greek	70	40	30	70	40	30
Indo-Iranian languages	1,765	925	840	1,835	965	870
Indo-Aryan languages	1,705	895	810	1,770	930	840
Bengali	60	30	30	55	30	30
Gujarati	15	10	10	20	10	15
Hindi	120	70	50	130	75	55
Kashmiri	5	0	5	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	5	0	5	5	0	0
Nepali	10	5	5	10	5	5
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,395	720	675	1,445	750	695
Sindhi	5	0	0	5	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	5	5	5
Urdu	75	50	35	85	50	30
Iranian languages	60	30	30	60	30	30
Kurdish	5	0	5	5	0	5
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	50	30	25	55	30	25
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	805	385	425	940	455	480
Catalan	0	0	5	5	0	5
Italian	265	130	135	315	165	155
Portuguese	235	115	115	260	130	130
Romanian	40	20	20	55	25	30
Spanish	270	125	150	305	135	165
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	45	15	30	55	15	35
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	150	70	75	175	90	85
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	125	65	60	125	70	60
Akan (Twi)	10	5	0	10	5	0
Bamanankan	5	0	0	0	0	5
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	5	5	0	5	0	5
Igbo	15	10	5	15	10	5
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	5	5	0	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	5	5	5	0
Shona	5	5	0	5	0	0
Swahili	20	10	10	25	10	10
Wolof	5	5	5	10	5	5
Yoruba	15	5	10	10	5	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	25	15	40	25	20
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	10	5	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	5	5	0
Sign languages	25	10	15	30	15	15
American Sign Language	15	5	5	10	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	15	5	10	20	15	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	630	315	315	660	335	325
Chinese languages	630	315	310	655	335	325
Cantonese	285	135	150	300	140	155
Hakka	5	0	0	5	5	5
Mandarin	285	150	135	295	160	140
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	10	5	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	25	20	50	25	20
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	0	5	5	5
Burmese	0	0	5	5	0	5
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	15	25	10	15
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	25	5	15	30	10	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	10	5	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	5	0	5	5	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	170	85	90	235	125	115
Estonian	10	0	0	10	5	5
Finnish	80	35	40	105	50	55
Hungarian	85	45	40	125	65	60
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	10	5	5
Multiple responses	790	385	400	965	485	475
English and French	145	65	80	195	90	100
English and non-official language	625	310	315	730	375	355
French and non-official language	15	10	5	20	15	5
English, French and non-official language	10	0	10	15	10	10
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	73,035	36,385	36,655	93,520	47,105	46,415
Single responses	71,545	35,675	35,875	91,820	46,290	45,525
Official languages	68,935	34,355	34,580	88,905	44,820	44,085
English	68,790	34,285	34,510	88,705	44,730	43,975
French	145	70	80	205	95	110
Non-official languages	2,605	1,315	1,290	2,915	1,475	1,445
Aboriginal languages	40	15	25	45	20	25
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	10	5	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	5	0	5	5	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	5	5	5	5
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	20	5	15	25	5	15
Northern Athabaskan languages	25	10	15	25	5	15
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	20	5	15	20	5	15
Chilcotin	0	0	0	5	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	5	5	0	0	5	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	5	5	5	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	5	0	5	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	5	5	0	5	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	5	0	0	0	0	5
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	5	5	5	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,570	1,300	1,265	2,870	1,455	1,415
Afro-Asiatic languages	110	70	40	115	70	40
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	0	5	5	0	5
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	5	0	5	5	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	105	70	40	105	70	35
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	105	65	35	100	65	35
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	0	0	5	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	5	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	20	20	45	25	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	40	15	15	40	20	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	225	100	125	250	110	140
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	35	20	15	45	25	20
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	5	0	0
Ilocano	5	0	0	5	5	5
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	5	0	0	5	5	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	5	5	5	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	180	70	105	190	85	110
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	35	20	15	35	20	20
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	25	15	15	25	15	15
Tamil	5	0	0	5	0	0
Telugu	5	5	5	5	0	5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,570	805	770	1,775	900	875
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	165	85	80	200	100	100
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	165	85	80	200	100	100
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	5	0	0
Croatian	45	25	20	55	30	25
Czech	5	5	0	15	5	5
Macedonian	5	0	5	5	5	5
Polish	25	10	10	30	10	20
Russian	30	15	15	35	20	15
Serbian	10	5	5	5	5	5
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	5	5	0	5	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	5	0	0
Ukrainian	30	15	15	35	15	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	120	60	60	230	115	120
Afrikaans	25	10	10	35	15	15
Danish	0	0	0	5	5	0
Dutch	15	5	10	30	10	15
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	75	40	40	155	75	80
Icelandic	5	5	0	5	0	0
Norwegian	5	0	0	5	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Greek	20	10	10	20	15	5
Indo-Iranian languages	1,050	545	500	1,080	565	515
Indo-Aryan languages	1,025	540	490	1,055	555	500
Bengali	35	20	20	35	20	15
Gujarati	5	5	0	10	5	0
Hindi	40	25	10	40	25	15
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	5	0	5	5	0	0
Nepali	5	0	5	5	0	5
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	900	465	435	925	480	445
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	35	20	20	35	20	15
Iranian languages	25	10	10	25	10	15
Kurdish	5	0	5	5	0	5
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	5
Persian (Farsi)	15	5	10	20	10	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	210	100	115	240	110	135
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	40	20	20	45	20	25
Portuguese	65	30	35	70	30	40
Romanian	10	5	5	10	5	5
Spanish	95	45	50	110	55	60
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	15	0	10	15	5	15
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	100	55	50	120	65	55
Mongolic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	35	20	15	30	20	10
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	5	5	0
Bamanankan	5	0	0	5	0	5
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	5	0	0	5	0
Swahili	10	0	0	5	5	5
Wolof	5	0	5	5	5	5
Yoruba	5	0	5	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	10	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	40	25	15	50	30	20
American Sign Language	10	5	5	10	0	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	30	20	10	40	25	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	365	180	185	380	185	190
Chinese languages	360	185	180	375	185	190
Cantonese	140	65	75	145	70	75
Hakka	5	0	5	5	0	0
Mandarin	195	105	95	195	105	90
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10	25	15	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	5	0	0	5
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	5	0	5	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	5	5	5	5	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	5	5	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	0	5	0	5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	25	10	15	45	20	20
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	15	5	5	20	10	10
Hungarian	10	5	5	20	10	10
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,490	710	780	1,700	815	885
English and French	85	40	50	105	50	55
English and non-official language	1,385	660	725	1,565	750	815
French and non-official language	5	5	0	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language	15	5	5	20	10	15
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	73,035	36,385	36,650	93,520	47,105	46,410
None	68,400	34,210	34,195	88,110	44,555	43,550
English	1,315	685	630	1,505	775	735
French	755	330	425	885	385	500
Non-official language	2,515	1,140	1,370	2,955	1,360	1,595
Aboriginal	270	105	165	300	120	180
Non-Aboriginal	2,245	1,035	1,210	2,655	1,245	1,415
English and French	5	5	0	5	5	0
English and non-official language	20	5	10	20	10	10
French and non-official language	30	15	20	35	15	20
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	59,640	29,500	30,140	76,555	38,360	38,190
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	57,480	28,465	29,020	73,750	37,080	36,675
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,674	48,994	29,907	37,840	50,200	29,341
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	57,540	28,510	29,030	73,835	37,140	36,695
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,535	42,007	27,450	33,681	42,996	27,010
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	51,990	26,400	25,585	66,865	34,465	32,400
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,082	48,215	27,921	36,274	49,525	27,223
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	39,335	16,910	22,425	49,700	21,755	27,945
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,678	5,846	5,601	5,941	6,614	5,618
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	46,015	23,855	22,155	59,080	31,060	28,020
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,545	48,873	28,393	36,952	50,703	28,022
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	59,645	29,550	30,090	76,555	38,365	38,190
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	57,595	28,565	29,035	73,820	37,105	36,715
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,219	57,430	37,174	48,384	59,860	36,786
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	57,690	28,630	29,060	73,930	37,180	36,745
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,501	46,742	32,366	40,291	48,480	32,005
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	52,070	26,415	25,655	66,860	34,415	32,445
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,362	56,900	35,511	47,577	59,265	35,178
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	39,120	17,030	22,095	49,545	21,890	27,660
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,809	8,061	7,614	7,888	8,287	7,572
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	46,015	23,815	22,200	59,080	31,015	28,065
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,224	54,934	34,806	46,163	56,714	34,502
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	59,645	29,550	30,095	76,555	38,365	38,190
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	20,460	11,450	9,010	25,925	14,725	11,195
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	57,918	69,458	47,334	59,136	71,128	47,423
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	64,196	73,903	51,855	65,709	76,109	52,031
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	88.7	91.7	84.0	88.9	91.8	84.2
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	76.7	80.2	71.2	76.7	79.9	71.5
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	11.3	8.3	16.0	11.1	8.2	15.8
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	59,645	29,500	30,140	76,555	38,365	38,190
Without total income	2,160	1,040	1,125	2,800	1,285	1,515
With total income	57,480	28,460	29,015	73,755	37,075	36,675
Percentage with total income	96.4	96.5	96.3	96.3	96.6	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,090	2,830	4,260	9,380	3,645	5,735
$10,000 to $19,999	8,965	3,385	5,585	11,325	4,265	7,065
$20,000 to $29,999	7,575	2,855	4,715	9,555	3,655	5,900
$30,000 to $39,999	6,685	2,865	3,820	8,430	3,655	4,780
$40,000 to $49,999	5,925	2,565	3,360	7,365	3,235	4,125
$50,000 to $59,999	4,700	2,345	2,355	5,830	2,945	2,880
$60,000 to $69,999	3,930	2,340	1,590	5,025	3,045	1,980
$70,000 to $79,999	3,210	2,125	1,085	4,120	2,760	1,355
$80,000 to $89,999	2,685	1,900	780	3,555	2,545	1,015
$90,000 to $99,999	1,900	1,395	505	2,550	1,930	620
$100,000 and over	4,825	3,865	965	6,620	5,390	1,230
$100,000 to $149,999	3,670	2,930	745	5,065	4,120	945
$150,000 and over	1,155	935	220	1,555	1,270	285
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	59,645	29,500	30,140	76,555	38,365	38,190
Without after-tax income	2,105	990	1,110	2,715	1,220	1,500
With after-tax income	57,540	28,515	29,030	73,835	37,145	36,695
Percentage with after-tax income	96.5	96.7	96.3	96.4	96.8	96.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,340	2,985	4,355	9,715	3,845	5,865
$10,000 to $19,999	9,485	3,625	5,870	11,995	4,570	7,425
$20,000 to $29,999	9,060	3,530	5,535	11,420	4,505	6,915
$30,000 to $39,999	7,920	3,490	4,430	9,925	4,425	5,495
$40,000 to $49,999	6,695	3,140	3,550	8,315	3,970	4,345
$50,000 to $59,999	5,250	3,125	2,125	6,665	4,045	2,620
$60,000 to $69,999	4,015	2,745	1,270	5,270	3,645	1,625
$70,000 to $79,999	2,955	2,120	835	3,955	2,890	1,065
$80,000 and over	4,820	3,765	1,055	6,585	5,245	1,340
$80,000 to $89,999	1,780	1,340	445	2,475	1,915	560
$90,000 to $99,999	1,070	840	230	1,465	1,180	290
$100,000 and over	1,965	1,585	380	2,645	2,150	490
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	59,640	29,505	30,140	76,550	38,360	38,190
Without employment income	13,625	5,645	7,985	17,475	7,305	10,170
With employment income	46,015	23,860	22,155	59,075	31,055	28,025
Percentage with employment income	77.2	80.9	73.5	77.2	81.0	73.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,310	2,930	3,385	8,375	3,915	4,460
$5,000 to $9,999	3,160	1,330	1,835	4,030	1,690	2,340
$10,000 to $19,999	5,595	2,250	3,345	7,035	2,820	4,220
$20,000 to $29,999	4,985	2,005	2,975	6,170	2,460	3,705
$30,000 to $39,999	4,585	1,870	2,715	5,690	2,310	3,380
$40,000 to $49,999	4,175	1,740	2,440	5,200	2,185	3,010
$50,000 to $59,999	3,500	1,780	1,720	4,340	2,200	2,135
$60,000 to $69,999	3,085	1,890	1,195	3,985	2,465	1,520
$70,000 to $79,999	2,735	1,865	870	3,535	2,430	1,105
$80,000 and over	7,880	6,210	1,670	10,720	8,585	2,140
$80,000 to $89,999	2,330	1,670	660	3,120	2,260	855
$90,000 to $99,999	1,630	1,270	360	2,225	1,770	455
$100,000 and over	3,915	3,270	645	5,375	4,550	825
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	30,240	...	...	38,600	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	75,690	...	...	77,676	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	65,254	...	...	66,819	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	8,545	...	...	10,490	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	38,023	...	...	38,272	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	33,496	...	...	33,740	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	21,690	...	...	28,110	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	94,687	...	...	95,980	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	81,193	...	...	82,104	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	30,235	...	...	38,600	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	89,945	...	...	92,531	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	75,364	...	...	77,165	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	8,550	...	...	10,475	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	45,909	...	...	47,872	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	38,812	...	...	40,356	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	21,685	...	...	28,125	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	107,311	...	...	109,163	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	89,779	...	...	90,873	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	30,240	...	...	38,600	...	...
Under $5,000	360	...	...	470	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	340	...	...	455	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	885	...	...	1,045	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,075	...	...	1,315	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,190	...	...	1,450	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,065	...	...	1,345	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,145	...	...	1,430	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,215	...	...	1,530	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,160	...	...	1,450	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,145	...	...	1,440	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,225	...	...	2,760	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,165	...	...	2,690	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,980	...	...	2,485	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,920	...	...	2,410	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,750	...	...	2,275	...	...
$100,000 and over	10,605	...	...	14,055	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,470	...	...	4,625	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,700	...	...	3,580	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,775	...	...	3,685	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,665	...	...	2,160	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	30,235	...	...	38,600	...	...
Under $5,000	375	...	...	485	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	350	...	...	465	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	900	...	...	1,060	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,125	...	...	1,370	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,360	...	...	1,660	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,315	...	...	1,645	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,405	...	...	1,755	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,445	...	...	1,780	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,370	...	...	1,715	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,400	...	...	1,765	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,750	...	...	3,400	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,525	...	...	3,190	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,310	...	...	2,970	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,055	...	...	2,700	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,750	...	...	2,325	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,810	...	...	10,290	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,540	...	...	4,715	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,060	...	...	2,685	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,215	...	...	2,890	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	20,430	...	...	26,695	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	94,566	...	...	95,780	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	80,937	...	...	81,835	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	7,940	...	...	11,020	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	89,088	...	...	88,901	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	76,503	...	...	76,191	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	8,110	...	...	10,530	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	122,839	...	...	123,330	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	103,411	...	...	103,637	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,720	...	...	4,330	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	51,442	...	...	51,936	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,223	...	...	47,527	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	20,435	...	...	26,705	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	107,567	...	...	109,393	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	89,753	...	...	90,841	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	7,915	...	...	11,000	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	103,941	...	...	103,039	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	86,148	...	...	85,279	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	8,110	...	...	10,540	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	134,054	...	...	137,070	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	110,953	...	...	112,698	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,725	...	...	4,320	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	60,000	...	...	60,350	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,721	...	...	53,017	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	12,875	6,745	6,130	15,345	8,370	6,975
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	32,581	36,916	29,056	33,420	38,391	29,015
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,237	32,548	26,659	29,905	33,660	26,585
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	12,745	6,800	5,950	15,185	8,350	6,840
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	40,921	44,632	36,681	42,820	47,799	36,746
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	34,891	37,422	31,999	36,388	39,922	32,077
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	72,550	36,150	36,400	92,935	46,810	46,125
In the bottom half of the distribution	33,635	15,985	17,650	41,930	20,215	21,715
In the bottom decile	7,460	3,550	3,905	9,025	4,365	4,660
In the second decile	6,335	2,835	3,500	7,940	3,610	4,330
In the third decile	6,255	2,935	3,320	7,850	3,760	4,090
In the fourth decile	6,640	3,235	3,405	8,335	4,100	4,235
In the fifth decile	6,945	3,425	3,520	8,775	4,370	4,395
In the top half of the distribution	38,915	20,165	18,745	51,005	26,595	24,405
In the sixth decile	7,315	3,675	3,640	9,375	4,730	4,645
In the seventh decile	7,795	4,000	3,795	10,215	5,265	4,950
In the eighth decile	8,240	4,295	3,940	10,885	5,720	5,170
In the ninth decile	8,690	4,545	4,150	11,420	6,010	5,415
In the top decile	6,865	3,645	3,220	9,110	4,875	4,230
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	72,550	36,150	36,395	92,740	46,720	46,020
0 to 17 years	15,500	7,995	7,500	19,670	10,150	9,515
0 to 5 years	5,100	2,615	2,480	6,345	3,275	3,070
18 to 64 years	47,315	23,515	23,800	60,275	30,230	30,045
65 years and over	9,735	4,640	5,090	12,795	6,340	6,460
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,640	4,450	5,185	11,920	5,605	6,310
0 to 17 years	2,765	1,440	1,325	3,350	1,740	1,605
0 to 5 years	1,050	550	500	1,235	650	585
18 to 64 years	5,640	2,560	3,085	6,875	3,180	3,695
65 years and over	1,235	455	780	1,695	685	1,010
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.3	12.3	14.2	12.9	12.0	13.7
0 to 17 years (%)	17.8	18.0	17.7	17.0	17.1	16.9
0 to 5 years (%)	20.6	21.0	20.2	19.5	19.8	19.1
18 to 64 years (%)	11.9	10.9	13.0	11.4	10.5	12.3
65 years and over (%)	12.7	9.8	15.3	13.2	10.8	15.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	5,985	2,905	3,080	6,830	3,375	3,450
0 to 17 years	1,540	795	735	1,720	900	825
0 to 5 years	575	290	280	635	325	305
18 to 64 years	4,255	2,030	2,225	4,835	2,360	2,475
65 years and over	190	75	120	265	115	150
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	8.2	8.0	8.5	7.4	7.2	7.5
0 to 17 years (%)	9.9	9.9	9.8	8.7	8.9	8.7
0 to 5 years (%)	11.3	11.1	11.3	10.0	9.9	9.9
18 to 64 years (%)	9.0	8.6	9.3	8.0	7.8	8.2
65 years and over (%)	2.0	1.6	2.4	2.1	1.8	2.3
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	72,550	36,150	36,395	92,935	46,810	46,120
Official languages	72,215	36,020	36,190	92,565	46,670	45,895
English	72,190	36,020	36,175	92,540	46,670	45,870
French	3,755	1,625	2,135	4,610	2,000	2,605
Non-official languages	9,205	4,430	4,780	10,785	5,250	5,535
Aboriginal languages	550	225	330	625	245	375
Algonquian languages	110	50	60	120	55	65
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	100	50	50	100	50	50
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	10	0	0	10	0	10
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	10	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	90	50	40	95	55	40
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	0	15	15	0	15
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	15	0	15	15	0	20
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	360	145	215	425	165	260
Northern Athabaskan languages	360	145	215	420	165	260
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	10	0	10	15	10	10
Beaver	0	0	0	10	0	10
Carrier	320	125	195	345	135	210
Chilcotin	10	0	10	15	0	10
Dene	10	0	0	10	0	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	10	10	0	40	20	25
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	10	0	0	10	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	70	25	40	70	25	40
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	65	25	40	65	25	40
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	10
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	10	0	0	10	10	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	10	0	10	10	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	0	0	10	0	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	8,660	4,205	4,450	10,170	5,000	5,170
Afro-Asiatic languages	180	120	60	190	130	60
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	180	120	60	195	130	65
Amharic	10	10	10	10	10	0
Arabic	170	115	55	180	125	55
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	135	75	60	140	75	65
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	130	75	55	140	75	65
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	805	295	505	900	325	585
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	45	25	20	50	25	25
Fijian	10	0	0	10	0	0
Hiligaynon	20	15	10	20	15	10
Ilocano	10	0	10	20	0	15
Malagasy	10	0	0	10	0	0
Malay	15	10	10	15	0	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	735	255	485	830	280	555
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	10	10	0	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	10	10	10
Dravidian languages	50	20	35	65	25	40
Kannada	10	10	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	0	0	10	10	0
Tamil	40	20	20	35	15	20
Telugu	20	10	15	35	15	25
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	6,020	2,980	3,040	7,255	3,655	3,600
Albanian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Armenian	15	0	10	10	10	0
Balto-Slavic languages	730	355	380	970	505	470
Baltic languages	10	10	10	10	0	0
Latvian	0	0	10	10	0	10
Lithuanian	0	10	0	10	10	0
Slavic languages	720	350	370	960	495	460
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	30	15	20	25	10	15
Croatian	170	80	90	185	90	95
Czech	40	15	25	55	30	25
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	150	65	90	180	85	90
Russian	95	45	50	175	110	65
Serbian	30	15	20	35	10	25
Serbo-Croatian	0	10	0	15	10	0
Slovak	15	20	0	35	25	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	45	20	30	65	25	35
Ukrainian	170	95	75	285	155	135
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	15	10	0	30	25	10
Scottish Gaelic	10	10	0	15	15	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	10	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	15	10	10
Germanic languages	1,625	740	885	2,320	1,115	1,200
Afrikaans	70	35	35	125	60	65
Danish	90	30	65	110	35	75
Dutch	165	100	65	230	125	100
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	1,255	555	700	1,815	865	945
Icelandic	0	0	0	10	0	0
Norwegian	40	15	25	50	20	25
Swedish	25	10	20	30	10	20
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	10	10	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Greek	95	60	35	100	65	35
Indo-Iranian languages	2,180	1,185	995	2,285	1,245	1,035
Indo-Aryan languages	2,075	1,130	940	2,160	1,180	985
Bengali	90	45	40	90	45	40
Gujarati	15	15	10	15	15	10
Hindi	415	225	195	440	235	210
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	25	10	10	25	10	10
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,750	940	810	1,820	975	845
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	10	0	10	10	0
Urdu	145	75	65	140	80	65
Iranian languages	110	55	60	120	65	60
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	20	10	10	35	25	10
Persian (Farsi)	85	45	45	90	40	45
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	10	10	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,465	685	785	1,680	780	900
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	340	160	180	400	190	210
Portuguese	285	145	140	330	165	155
Romanian	60	35	30	80	40	40
Spanish	835	370	465	930	405	525
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	135	60	70	170	85	80
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	165	85	80	165	85	75
Mongolic languages	15	0	10	15	0	10
Mongolian	15	10	10	15	0	10
Niger-Congo languages	185	85	100	185	85	100
Akan (Twi)	15	0	15	15	0	15
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	10	0	10	10	0	10
Igbo	45	15	30	50	20	30
Lingala	0	0	0	10	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	10	10	10	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	10	0
Swahili	40	25	20	45	25	15
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	45	20	25	40	20	25
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	25	15	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	0	10	10	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	10	0
Sign languages	200	80	120	230	85	140
American Sign Language	80	20	60	85	20	65
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	120	65	55	145	70	75
Sino-Tibetan languages	695	375	320	700	375	320
Chinese languages	685	370	315	690	370	315
Cantonese	295	145	150	295	150	150
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	435	245	185	435	245	190
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	10	0	10	10	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	0	10	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	15	15	30	15	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	0	0	10	0
Burmese	0	0	0	10	0	10
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	10	0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	15	20	50	20	35
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	35	15	20	50	20	35
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	10	0	15	15	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	15	0	15	10	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	155	80	75	220	125	95
Estonian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	80	35	45	115	55	55
Hungarian	70	40	25	105	60	35
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	35	10	25	35	10	25
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	72,550	36,150	36,395	92,935	46,810	46,120
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	69,880	34,845	35,030	89,790	45,270	44,520
Canadian citizens aged under 18	15,035	7,695	7,335	19,245	9,935	9,310
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	54,845	27,150	27,695	70,545	35,330	35,215
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	2,665	1,305	1,365	3,140	1,540	1,600
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	72,550	36,150	36,395	92,930	46,810	46,120
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	64,320	32,070	32,245	83,050	41,850	41,200
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	7,430	3,585	3,845	9,025	4,450	4,575
Before 1981	3,405	1,700	1,705	4,355	2,220	2,135
1981 to 1990	845	375	470	995	470	520
1991 to 2000	910	435	470	1,085	525	560
2001 to 2010	1,170	575	600	1,355	655	695
2001 to 2005	510	245	260	560	275	290
2006 to 2010	660	325	335	790	385	410
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	1,105	495	605	1,240	570	670
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	800	490	305	860	515	350
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	7,435	3,590	3,845	9,025	4,450	4,580
Under 5 years	995	465	535	1,275	630	640
5 to 14 years	1,380	715	660	1,690	930	760
15 to 24 years	1,960	935	1,020	2,380	1,125	1,250
25 to 44 years	2,595	1,245	1,350	3,080	1,485	1,595
45 years and over	505	230	275	600	270	325
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	7,430	3,590	3,840	9,025	4,445	4,575
Americas	1,035	415	620	1,405	600	800
Brazil	10	0	0	15	10	10
Colombia	20	0	10	15	10	15
El Salvador	40	20	15	35	20	20
Guyana	20	10	10	30	15	15
Haiti	0	0	0	0	10	0
Jamaica	35	20	20	50	30	25
Mexico	55	25	30	55	25	30
Peru	0	0	0	15	0	10
Trinidad and Tobago	20	0	10	15	10	10
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	700	280	420	1,025	445	580
Other places of birth in Americas	130	45	85	145	50	90
Europe	3,070	1,555	1,515	4,030	2,090	1,930
Bosnia and Herzegovina	35	25	10	35	25	10
Croatia	115	50	65	130	65	70
France	50	20	30	50	25	30
Germany	425	185	235	700	315	380
Greece	50	25	30	55	25	25
Hungary	35	35	0	50	50	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	70	50	20	85	55	30
Italy	165	90	75	195	115	80
Netherlands	215	140	70	255	175	80
Poland	150	70	80	175	85	90
Portugal	170	90	80	200	100	95
Romania	70	45	25	80	50	25
Russian Federation	25	10	20	35	15	20
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	15	0	15	20	0	15
Ukraine	30	10	20	85	40	50
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	1,000	490	505	1,255	630	625
Other places of birth in Europe	435	200	235	625	320	305
Africa	350	190	155	415	225	190
Algeria	0	0	0	10	0	0
Egypt	50	25	20	50	30	25
Ethiopia	10	10	10	10	0	10
Kenya	20	10	0	20	10	0
Morocco	0	0	0	10	0	0
Nigeria	45	25	20	55	25	20
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	105	50	55	150	65	85
Other places of birth in Africa	115	65	50	130	80	55
Asia	2,850	1,360	1,495	3,010	1,430	1,585
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	60	35	25	65	40	25
China^{Census data footnote 59}	360	155	205	365	160	205
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	80	55	30	80	55	25
India	1,100	590	515	1,150	615	530
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	45	20	25	45	20	25
Iraq	20	15	0	20	15	10
Japan	30	10	25	35	10	30
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	125	60	60	130	65	60
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	10	0
Pakistan	90	50	40	95	45	45
Philippines	715	250	460	790	270	520
Sri Lanka	10	0	10	10	0	10
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	20	10	10	20	10	15
Taiwan	10	0	0	10	10	10
Viet Nam	115	70	50	125	70	50
Other places of birth in Asia	70	35	30	80	50	35
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	130	75	60	165	95	70
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	1,100	495	600	1,245	570	670
Americas	80	40	40	95	50	45
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	10	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	15	10	0	25	10	10
Mexico	10	0	10	10	0	10
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	30	20	15	40	25	10
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	10	15	20	10	15
Europe	130	80	45	185	115	75
France	10	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	10	0	45	20	25
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	20	20	0	20	15	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	10	0	10
Romania	10	10	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	10	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	70	40	30	90	50	35
Other places of birth in Europe	25	10	10	20	10	10
Africa	90	35	50	120	55	65
Algeria	0	0	0	10	10	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	10	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	10	0	0	10	10	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	10	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	25	0	15	25	10	15
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	35	15	15	60	25	30
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	0	10	10	0	10
Asia	805	345	460	835	350	480
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	25	15	10	30	20	10
China^{Census data footnote 59}	85	25	60	90	30	60
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	200	105	95	200	105	100
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	10	10	10	10	10	10
Iraq	10	10	0	10	10	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	15	0	10
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	10	0	0	0	0	10
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	25	15	15	25	15	10
Philippines	390	140	245	405	150	260
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	10	0	10	10	0	10
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	10	10	10	10	10	10
Other places of birth in Asia	10	10	0	10	10	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	0	10
Australia	10	0	0	0	0	10
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	72,550	36,150	36,395	92,935	46,810	46,125
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	8,475	4,215	4,260	10,220	5,140	5,080
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	12,650	6,235	6,415	15,955	8,015	7,940
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	51,420	25,700	25,725	66,755	33,655	33,100
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	4,145	1,940	2,205	4,805	2,295	2,510
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	2,215	1,110	1,105	2,610	1,325	1,290
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	865	470	395	1,050	590	460
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	1,350	640	710	1,560	735	825
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	1,625	640	980	1,875	780	1,100
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	280	180	105	290	190	100
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	25	10	15	30	10	20
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	72,545	36,155	36,400	92,935	46,810	46,120
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	11,160	5,295	5,865	13,395	6,440	6,960
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	10,855	5,160	5,695	13,045	6,265	6,775
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	6,465	3,120	3,345	7,480	3,630	3,845
Métis	4,365	2,025	2,345	5,530	2,605	2,920
Inuk (Inuit)	25	20	10	35	30	10
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	260	120	135	285	140	145
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	45	15	30	65	30	40
Non-Aboriginal identity	61,390	30,855	30,535	79,535	40,375	39,160
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	72,545	36,150	36,400	92,935	46,810	46,125
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	5,080	2,420	2,665	5,780	2,755	3,020
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	67,470	33,735	33,735	87,150	44,055	43,100
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	72,545	36,150	36,400	92,930	46,815	46,120
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	3,160	1,515	1,650	3,650	1,740	1,910
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	3,085	1,470	1,615	3,560	1,690	1,870
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	2,435	1,105	1,335	2,790	1,270	1,520
Métis single ancestry	650	370	280	765	420	345
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	80	40	35	90	50	40
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	80	40	35	90	50	40
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	8,125	3,900	4,225	10,140	4,945	5,195
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	7,595	3,650	3,950	9,495	4,625	4,870
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	4,580	2,280	2,295	5,680	2,885	2,800
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,970	1,345	1,625	3,770	1,720	2,050
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	45	25	20	45	20	20
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	530	255	280	645	320	325
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	510	240	270	625	310	315
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	10	10	10	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	0	0	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	61,260	30,745	30,515	79,150	40,125	39,020
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	72,550	36,150	36,400	92,935	46,810	46,125
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	6,495	3,285	3,205	6,975	3,485	3,495
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	2,525	1,375	1,145	2,640	1,435	1,210
Chinese	945	485	460	965	495	470
Black	710	330	380	755	350	405
Filipino	1,035	400	630	1,180	455	725
Latin American	265	115	150	275	115	160
Arab	115	95	25	130	100	35
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	235	125	105	280	135	145
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	80	35	45	85	40	40
Korean	165	90	75	170	90	75
Japanese	215	105	110	255	125	130
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	85	40	40	90	40	50
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	130	90	40	150	105	45
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	66,055	32,865	33,190	85,955	43,320	42,635
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	72,545	36,150	36,400	92,935	46,810	46,125
North American Aboriginal origins	11,290	5,410	5,880	13,785	6,685	7,105
First Nations (North American Indian)	7,605	3,665	3,940	9,190	4,515	4,680
Inuit	70	35	35	70	35	30
Métis	4,220	2,000	2,215	5,265	2,505	2,760
Other North American origins	22,810	11,255	11,555	30,050	15,040	15,010
Acadian	80	35	50	80	35	50
American	1,680	840	835	2,130	1,050	1,080
Canadian	21,670	10,720	10,950	28,590	14,355	14,235
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	30	10	20	50	20	30
Nova Scotian	10	0	10	10	0	10
Ontarian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	15	10	10	15	0	10
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	10	0	0	10	0	15
European origins	53,400	26,570	26,835	69,660	35,070	34,590
British Isles origins	35,770	17,485	18,290	46,390	22,820	23,570
Channel Islander	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cornish	10	0	10	10	0	0
English	20,970	10,215	10,760	27,400	13,480	13,920
Irish	13,430	6,150	7,285	17,085	7,830	9,255
Manx	55	20	35	85	40	50
Scottish	16,680	8,025	8,645	21,605	10,415	11,190
Welsh	1,920	960	965	2,375	1,160	1,220
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	1,855	870	985	2,320	1,075	1,245
French origins	10,805	5,160	5,645	13,665	6,535	7,125
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	10,805	5,160	5,645	13,665	6,535	7,125
Western European origins (except French origins)	17,290	8,575	8,710	23,530	11,865	11,665
Austrian	805	385	415	1,075	570	505
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	295	130	165	400	180	220
Dutch	3,450	1,740	1,710	4,755	2,420	2,330
Flemish	40	25	15	45	25	15
Frisian	10	0	0	10	10	0
German	13,760	6,825	6,940	18,585	9,335	9,250
Luxembourger	10	0	0	10	0	10
Swiss	530	250	275	860	400	460
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	20	0	10	25	10	10
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	8,395	4,075	4,320	10,950	5,435	5,510
Danish	1,500	675	825	1,955	910	1,050
Finnish	770	365	400	985	485	500
Icelandic	455	245	205	635	355	285
Norwegian	3,625	1,820	1,805	4,540	2,290	2,255
Swedish	2,710	1,285	1,425	3,565	1,740	1,830
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	375	180	200	485	220	270
Eastern European origins	10,550	5,340	5,205	13,825	7,080	6,745
Bulgarian	75	40	40	95	45	40
Byelorussian	25	15	15	65	45	20
Czech	205	95	110	265	140	130
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	170	85	85	220	115	110
Estonian	45	15	35	75	30	45
Hungarian	1,045	585	460	1,300	680	620
Latvian	115	60	50	120	65	60
Lithuanian	100	55	50	115	65	50
Moldovan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Polish	2,690	1,345	1,345	3,530	1,805	1,720
Romanian	525	240	285	685	325	360
Russian	2,035	990	1,045	2,695	1,315	1,375
Slovak	140	85	60	170	90	80
Ukrainian	4,965	2,570	2,400	6,605	3,500	3,105
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	35	20	10	35	20	20
Southern European origins	5,060	2,450	2,605	5,980	2,935	3,040
Albanian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Bosnian	10	10	10	10	10	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	425	225	200	485	255	225
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	445	220	225	495	260	240
Italian	2,400	1,180	1,225	2,860	1,395	1,465
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	100	40	60	110	45	65
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	765	375	390	905	470	430
Serbian	110	50	60	120	60	65
Sicilian	15	10	10	15	10	0
Slovenian	175	85	90	225	110	115
Spanish	700	295	400	795	340	460
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	185	115	70	245	150	90
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	15	0	10	10	10	10
Other European origins	470	235	240	530	275	255
Basque	25	0	20	30	10	25
Jewish	155	80	75	185	105	80
Roma (Gypsy)	15	10	0	15	10	10
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	10	10	10	15	15	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	265	125	135	285	140	145
Caribbean origins	340	155	180	385	175	210
Antiguan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	10	10	0	20	10	15
Bermudan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Carib	10	0	0	10	10	0
Cuban	0	0	10	0	0	10
Dominican	15	10	10	15	0	10
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Jamaican	135	65	75	155	70	85
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	20	10	0	20	15	0
St. Lucian	10	10	10	15	10	10
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	75	45	30	75	45	30
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	30	10	25	35	10	25
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	30	0	30	35	0	25
Latin, Central and South American origins	595	295	295	680	335	340
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	25	15	10	30	10	15
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	40	15	20	40	20	25
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	15	10	0	15	10	10
Brazilian	25	10	10	25	10	15
Chilean	115	70	45	110	70	50
Colombian	15	0	15	15	0	10
Costa Rican	15	10	0	10	10	0
Ecuadorian	10	0	0	0	0	10
Guatemalan	0	0	10	0	0	10
Guyanese	30	15	20	45	20	20
Hispanic	10	0	10	10	0	10
Honduran	10	0	0	10	0	0
Maya	25	15	10	20	15	10
Mexican	185	85	100	235	110	120
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	40	30	10	40	30	10
Salvadorean	55	30	25	55	25	25
Uruguayan	10	0	0	10	10	0
Venezuelan	10	10	0	10	10	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	15	10	0
African origins	845	405	435	955	470	485
Central and West African origins	185	80	100	200	95	105
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	10	10	0	10	10	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	10	0	10	25	10	10
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	125	65	65	130	65	65
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	35	10	25	35	10	25
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	10	0	0	0	0	10
North African origins	75	40	30	90	45	40
Algerian	0	10	0	10	10	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	15	10	10	15	10	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	45	20	25	55	20	35
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	10	0	10	0	0
Sudanese	10	10	0	10	10	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	10	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	245	120	130	275	135	140
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	10	0	0	0
Burundian	15	10	0	20	10	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	10	0	10	10	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	15	0	15	10	0	10
Malagasy	10	10	0	10	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	135	65	70	155	75	75
Tanzanian	0	10	0	0	10	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	40	15	25	45	15	30
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	10	10	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	15	10	10	20	10	10
Other African origins	340	155	180	400	190	210
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	30	15	20	45	20	25
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	315	150	165	360	170	190
Asian origins	5,920	3,025	2,890	6,450	3,265	3,185
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	385	210	175	435	235	200
Afghan	0	0	0	10	15	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	85	65	25	90	65	25
Armenian	10	0	10	10	10	10
Assyrian	20	10	15	20	10	15
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	95	50	50	95	50	45
Iraqi	35	20	15	35	25	15
Israeli	35	10	25	40	10	35
Jordanian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	55	30	25	70	30	35
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	25	15	10	30	15	10
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	30	10	10	35	25	15
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	2,570	1,405	1,165	2,720	1,490	1,235
Bangladeshi	75	40	35	75	40	35
Bengali	0	10	0	0	10	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	2,195	1,190	1,000	2,330	1,255	1,070
Goan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	10	0	10	0	10
Pakistani	100	50	50	115	65	50
Punjabi	215	130	90	215	130	85
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	25	10	15	30	10	15
Tamil	15	10	10	15	0	10
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	55	40	15	50	40	15
East and Southeast Asian origins	2,960	1,410	1,550	3,300	1,555	1,750
Burmese	0	0	10	10	0	10
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	0	0	10	10	0
Chinese	1,255	650	610	1,355	690	660
Filipino	1,070	420	650	1,230	485	745
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	40	20	20	55	25	30
Japanese	250	125	125	315	155	160
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	165	90	75	185	95	90
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	25	10	15	25	10	20
Mongolian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Singaporean	10	0	0	10	10	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	10	0	10
Thai	45	20	25	55	20	35
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	195	120	75	215	125	90
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	25	20	10	30	20	10
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	30	20	0	30	20	10
Oceania origins	310	160	145	395	210	185
Australian	150	80	70	190	110	85
New Zealander	20	10	10	30	10	15
Pacific Islands origins	140	75	65	175	90	80
Fijian	55	35	25	70	45	25
Hawaiian	75	35	45	75	35	40
Maori	10	10	0	15	10	10
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	15	0	10
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	30,235	...	...	38,600	...	...
Owner	20,795	...	...	28,055	...	...
Renter	9,440	...	...	10,495	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	50	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	30,235	...	...	38,600	...	...
Condominium	2,140	...	...	2,320	...	...
Not condominium	28,095	...	...	36,280	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	30,235	...	...	38,600	...	...
No bedrooms	135	...	...	145	...	...
1 bedroom	2,535	...	...	3,055	...	...
2 bedrooms	6,235	...	...	7,865	...	...
3 bedrooms	9,430	...	...	12,645	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,890	...	...	14,885	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	30,235	...	...	38,600	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	6,315	...	...	7,505	...	...
5 rooms	4,205	...	...	5,440	...	...
6 rooms	3,960	...	...	5,415	...	...
7 rooms	3,795	...	...	4,990	...	...
8 or more rooms	11,965	...	...	15,245	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.9	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	30,235	...	...	38,600	...	...
One person or fewer per room	30,000	...	...	38,310	...	...
More than 1 person per room	235	...	...	290	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	30,235	...	...	38,600	...	...
Suitable	29,420	...	...	37,600	...	...
Not suitable	815	...	...	1,005	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	30,235	...	...	38,600	...	...
1960 or before	3,425	...	...	4,105	...	...
1961 to 1980	16,170	...	...	19,880	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,700	...	...	5,090	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,165	...	...	5,695	...	...
2001 to 2005	790	...	...	1,065	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,135	...	...	1,645	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	850	...	...	1,120	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	30,235	...	...	38,600	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	28,025	...	...	35,585	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,215	...	...	3,015	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	30,235	...	...	38,600	...	...
1 household maintainer	17,920	...	...	22,865	...	...
2 household maintainers	11,445	...	...	14,760	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	870	...	...	970	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	30,235	...	...	38,600	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,545	...	...	1,770	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,075	...	...	5,915	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,250	...	...	6,605	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,000	...	...	7,860	...	...
55 to 64 years	5,975	...	...	8,135	...	...
65 to 74 years	3,930	...	...	5,275	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,925	...	...	2,395	...	...
85 years and over	535	...	...	650	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	30,185	...	...	38,170	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	24,305	...	...	31,340	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,880	...	...	6,835	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,235	...	...	6,020	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	20,770	...	...	27,730	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	63.6	...	...	62.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	10.4	...	...	10.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,101	...	...	1,031	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,133	...	...	1,095	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	265,006	...	...	261,912	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	279,522	...	...	284,898	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,435	...	...	10,475	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	12.7	...	...	12.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	39.6	...	...	38.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	864	...	...	857	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	928	...	...	918	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	59,640	29,550	30,095	76,555	38,365	38,195
No certificate, diploma or degree	11,850	6,260	5,585	15,675	8,510	7,165
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	19,365	9,170	10,195	24,420	11,505	12,915
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	28,430	14,115	14,310	36,460	18,350	18,110
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,750	5,475	1,275	9,445	7,630	1,820
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	2,270	1,405	865	3,215	2,000	1,210
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	4,475	4,065	410	6,235	5,625	610
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	10,935	4,100	6,840	14,140	5,385	8,760
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,325	425	900	1,715	545	1,175
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	9,420	4,120	5,300	11,160	4,800	6,360
Bachelor's degree	6,485	2,855	3,625	7,645	3,310	4,335
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	535	195	340	630	220	410
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	340	205	135	405	245	165
Master's degree	1,780	685	1,100	2,160	815	1,345
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	280	185	100	320	210	110
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	40,065	19,840	20,230	51,690	25,765	25,925
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,560	3,250	2,315	7,450	4,420	3,030
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	12,250	5,965	6,290	15,810	7,585	8,225
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,255	10,630	11,630	28,440	13,760	14,680
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,860	3,920	940	6,780	5,480	1,305
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	1,685	1,030	650	2,345	1,460	885
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	3,170	2,885	285	4,435	4,020	420
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	8,615	3,145	5,460	11,170	4,135	7,040
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	980	310	665	1,240	385	850
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	7,805	3,250	4,560	9,250	3,770	5,480
Bachelor's degree	5,240	2,200	3,040	6,195	2,540	3,655
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	435	145	290	520	160	360
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	285	155	130	340	190	155
Master's degree	1,590	580	1,005	1,905	685	1,215
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	255	165	90	285	190	95
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	59,645	29,550	30,090	76,555	38,360	38,195
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	31,210	15,435	15,780	40,090	20,015	20,075
Education	1,945	480	1,470	2,490	615	1,875
13. Education	1,950	480	1,470	2,490	615	1,875
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	455	205	250	575	250	325
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	90	65	25	100	80	20
50. Visual and performing arts	360	140	225	470	170	300
Humanities	1,130	490	635	1,320	560	765
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	55	10	45	70	20	50
23. English language and literature/letters	335	120	220	370	115	255
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	240	120	120	290	125	165
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	50	30	20	65	35	25
39. Theology and religious vocations	225	140	90	295	160	135
54. History	210	75	135	235	95	140
55. French language and literature/letters	10	0	0	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,480	760	1,720	2,945	900	2,045
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	10	40	55	15	45
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	120	55	70	130	60	70
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	545	35	505	685	45	640
22. Legal professions and studies	410	85	330	475	95	380
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	65	40	25	65	45	20
42. Psychology	435	105	320	530	135	395
45. Social sciences	865	430	430	1,005	505	495
Business, management and public administration	5,510	1,675	3,840	6,725	1,895	4,830
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	10	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	710	100	605	880	110	765
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,795	1,570	3,225	5,835	1,785	4,055
Physical and life sciences and technologies	900	460	435	1,095	585	510
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	540	235	305	665	320	345
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	130	70	60	155	80	75
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	0	10	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	185	145	45	225	175	45
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	10	25	45	10	35
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	745	535	205	845	595	255
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	585	450	140	670	495	180
25. Library science	55	10	40	65	15	50
27. Mathematics and statistics	100	75	25	105	80	30
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	0	0	0	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	7,475	7,070	405	10,200	9,665	540
04. Architecture and related services	45	20	20	40	25	20
14. Engineering	570	490	80	690	590	100
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,040	915	130	1,355	1,200	150
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,015	1,975	45	2,715	2,650	65
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,655	2,560	95	3,760	3,625	135
48. Precision production	1,150	1,110	35	1,635	1,575	60
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,140	805	330	1,670	1,135	525
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	160	75	80	305	140	165
03. Natural resources and conservation	980	730	245	1,365	995	365
Health and related fields	4,705	755	3,950	5,925	915	5,010
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	250	125	125	305	155	150
51. Health professions and related programs	4,335	555	3,780	5,470	665	4,805
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	120	75	50	150	95	55
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,945	875	1,070	2,670	1,245	1,425
12. Personal and culinary services	1,320	340	980	1,700	420	1,285
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	10	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	180	120	55	265	180	90
49. Transportation and materials moving	440	405	35	690	645	50
Other	10	0	10	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	0	10	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	40,065	19,840	20,230	51,690	25,765	25,930
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	17,815	9,210	8,600	23,255	12,000	11,250
Education	1,445	320	1,125	1,825	405	1,425
13. Education	1,445	320	1,125	1,825	405	1,420
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	365	180	185	460	220	245
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	75	55	15	80	65	15
50. Visual and performing arts	290	125	165	380	150	230
Humanities	865	345	520	1,015	395	620
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	50	10	40	60	15	45
23. English language and literature/letters	270	85	185	300	85	215
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	180	90	95	210	90	125
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	20	15	50	25	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	175	95	75	220	120	100
54. History	155	40	115	175	55	120
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	10	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,100	620	1,480	2,470	715	1,760
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	10	35	50	10	40
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	100	40	65	100	40	65
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	455	30	430	575	30	540
22. Legal professions and studies	345	55	290	400	65	335
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	55	40	20	60	35	20
42. Psychology	370	75	290	445	95	350
45. Social sciences	725	370	355	845	430	410
Business, management and public administration	4,485	1,345	3,140	5,490	1,505	3,980
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	10	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	590	85	505	735	85	645
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,890	1,260	2,625	4,750	1,420	3,330
Physical and life sciences and technologies	725	350	380	890	445	445
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	445	200	250	560	265	295
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	110	50	60	135	60	70
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	10	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	135	90	45	160	110	50
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	0	20	30	0	25
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	620	460	165	700	490	210
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	495	385	110	570	425	145
25. Library science	45	10	35	55	10	45
27. Mathematics and statistics	70	55	20	70	55	20
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	0	0	0	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	5,395	5,065	335	7,430	6,990	440
04. Architecture and related services	35	15	20	35	20	20
14. Engineering	410	345	65	510	425	85
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	815	705	115	1,045	910	135
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,445	1,410	35	1,975	1,925	55
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,905	1,830	70	2,715	2,620	95
48. Precision production	790	755	30	1,145	1,095	55
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	900	600	300	1,345	875	465
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	110	45	65	220	85	135
03. Natural resources and conservation	790	555	235	1,120	790	330
Health and related fields	3,795	625	3,170	4,745	740	4,005
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	210	105	110	260	125	130
51. Health professions and related programs	3,485	460	3,025	4,365	535	3,825
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	100	65	40	130	80	50
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,550	720	830	2,065	990	1,080
12. Personal and culinary services	1,025	270	755	1,285	330	960
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	160	110	50	235	160	75
49. Transportation and materials moving	365	335	30	550	500	45
Other	0	0	0	10	0	10
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	0	10	0	10
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	59,640	29,550	30,090	76,550	38,365	38,190
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	31,210	15,435	15,780	40,090	20,015	20,080
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	28,430	14,120	14,310	36,460	18,350	18,115
Location of study inside Canada	25,715	12,780	12,935	33,180	16,720	16,460
Same as province or territory of residence	21,475	10,570	10,905	27,335	13,675	13,665
Different than province or territory of residence	4,240	2,215	2,030	5,840	3,045	2,795
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	2,715	1,335	1,380	3,280	1,630	1,655
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	565	315	255	705	400	310
Philippines	375	125	250	415	130	285
India	415	265	150	440	270	165
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	365	190	180	435	230	200
China^{Census data footnote 162}	75	30	50	75	30	50
France	10	0	0	10	0	0
Other	915	420	500	1,205	560	645
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	40,070	19,840	20,225	51,690	25,765	25,925
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,810	9,215	8,600	23,250	12,000	11,250
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	22,255	10,630	11,625	28,440	13,760	14,680
Location of study inside Canada	20,315	9,730	10,580	26,105	12,675	13,430
Same as province or territory of residence	17,115	8,090	9,030	21,760	10,425	11,335
Different than province or territory of residence	3,200	1,645	1,555	4,345	2,245	2,095
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	1,940	895	1,045	2,340	1,090	1,250
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	385	220	165	480	285	195
Philippines	345	105	240	375	110	265
India	295	165	125	305	175	135
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	205	105	100	250	135	110
China^{Census data footnote 162}	70	20	50	70	20	50
France	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other	635	270	365	855	360	490
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	59,645	29,550	30,090	76,555	38,360	38,190
In the labour force	41,195	21,525	19,670	52,765	27,965	24,800
Employed	37,365	19,085	18,275	47,965	24,855	23,110
Unemployed	3,825	2,435	1,390	4,805	3,110	1,690
Not in the labour force	18,450	8,030	10,425	23,785	10,395	13,390
Participation rate	69.1	72.8	65.4	68.9	72.9	64.9
Employment rate	62.6	64.6	60.7	62.7	64.8	60.5
Unemployment rate	9.3	11.3	7.1	9.1	11.1	6.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	59,640	29,550	30,090	76,555	38,365	38,190
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	16,865	7,360	9,505	21,555	9,405	12,150
Worked	42,775	22,195	20,580	55,000	28,960	26,040
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	20,800	11,675	9,130	26,435	15,030	11,405
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	21,975	10,520	11,455	28,565	13,930	14,635
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.1	42.5	41.6	42.0	42.4	41.7
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	41,190	21,520	19,670	52,765	27,965	24,800
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	865	465	405	985	525	455
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	40,325	21,060	19,265	51,780	27,445	24,345
Employee	37,120	19,105	18,010	46,975	24,535	22,440
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	3,210	1,955	1,255	4,810	2,910	1,900
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	41,190	21,520	19,670	52,765	27,970	24,800
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	865	460	405	985	525	455
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	40,325	21,060	19,265	51,785	27,440	24,340
0 Management occupations	3,530	1,980	1,545	4,775	2,715	2,055
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	5,615	1,390	4,230	7,010	1,595	5,420
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,145	1,680	460	2,670	2,095	575
3 Health occupations	2,840	565	2,270	3,450	635	2,815
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,855	1,510	3,350	5,845	1,775	4,070
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	675	305	375	815	340	470
6 Sales and service occupations	10,175	3,880	6,290	12,245	4,550	7,695
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,625	7,235	385	10,620	10,000	620
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,245	1,065	180	1,970	1,670	300
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,620	1,450	175	2,385	2,065	320
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	41,190	21,525	19,670	52,765	27,965	24,800
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	865	465	405	980	525	455
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	40,325	21,060	19,265	51,785	27,440	24,340
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,435	1,150	285	2,710	2,130	575
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	475	420	55	765	670	95
22 Utilities	265	190	75	345	255	90
23 Construction	3,220	2,780	440	4,260	3,645	620
31-33 Manufacturing	3,210	2,745	465	4,740	3,995	745
41 Wholesale trade	1,400	1,120	280	1,770	1,365	405
44-45 Retail trade	5,285	2,375	2,910	6,355	2,750	3,605
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,555	2,015	540	3,350	2,665	690
51 Information and cultural industries	715	325	395	805	360	445
52 Finance and insurance	1,020	275	740	1,170	300	875
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	445	245	205	615	350	265
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,950	1,030	920	2,335	1,225	1,100
55 Management of companies and enterprises	45	15	30	75	35	40
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,415	790	630	1,805	960	840
61 Educational services	3,010	870	2,140	3,635	1,025	2,610
62 Health care and social assistance	5,410	995	4,420	6,540	1,140	5,395
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	625	280	340	785	355	425
72 Accommodation and food services	3,375	1,335	2,040	3,980	1,525	2,460
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,005	955	1,050	2,510	1,210	1,300
91 Public administration	2,460	1,160	1,300	3,230	1,475	1,755
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	37,365	19,090	18,275	47,965	24,855	23,110
Worked at home	1,500	620	885	2,465	1,090	1,370
Worked outside Canada	35	25	0	35	30	10
No fixed workplace address	4,870	3,840	1,025	6,570	5,210	1,360
Worked at usual place	30,960	14,600	16,355	38,895	18,525	20,370
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	30,960	14,605	16,355	38,895	18,525	20,370
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	29,305	13,430	15,880	31,830	14,745	17,090
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	690	530	170	5,675	2,830	2,840
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	770	525	250	1,140	780	360
Commute to a different province or territory	185	120	65	250	170	85
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	35,830	18,445	17,385	45,465	23,735	21,730
Car, truck, van - as a driver	29,960	15,575	14,385	38,355	20,205	18,145
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	2,235	940	1,300	2,880	1,310	1,575
Public transit	1,035	590	440	1,125	660	465
Walked	1,785	840	945	2,120	965	1,155
Bicycle	365	235	135	415	245	170
Other method	445	265	180	565	340	225
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	35,830	18,450	17,385	45,460	23,735	21,730
Less than 15 minutes	17,025	7,470	9,560	20,160	9,070	11,090
15 to 29 minutes	15,075	8,375	6,695	18,950	10,435	8,515
30 to 44 minutes	2,030	1,290	745	3,670	2,195	1,470
45 to 59 minutes	520	385	135	890	585	310
60 minutes and over	1,180	930	255	1,800	1,450	350
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	35,830	18,445	17,380	45,465	23,735	21,730
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,120	1,600	520	3,055	2,360	700
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,620	3,545	2,075	7,465	4,790	2,670
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,730	5,110	4,620	12,455	6,545	5,910
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,005	2,935	5,075	9,765	3,460	6,300
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,730	1,450	2,275	4,480	1,655	2,825
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,625	3,800	2,825	8,245	4,925	3,325
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	44,170	22,875	21,300	56,755	29,805	26,950
Single responses	44,040	22,815	21,230	56,615	29,740	26,870
Official languages	43,965	22,790	21,175	56,530	29,715	26,815
English	43,840	22,760	21,085	56,400	29,680	26,720
French	120	35	90	120	35	90
Non-official languages	80	25	55	85	30	60
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	80	25	55	85	30	60
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	10	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	0	0	10	10	0
Amharic	0	0	0	10	10	0
Arabic	0	10	0	10	10	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	0	0	0	0	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	25	10	20	35	10	25
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	10	15	0	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	10	0	10	15	0	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	10	15	20	10	15
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	15	20	10	15
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	0	10	15	10	15
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	10	0	0	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	10	30	35	10	25
Chinese languages	40	10	25	35	10	30
Cantonese	20	0	15	20	0	15
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	15	10	10	15	10	15
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	135	60	70	140	65	80
English and French	40	20	20	40	20	20
English and non-official language	90	40	55	100	40	55
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	44,175	22,875	21,295	56,755	29,805	26,950
None	43,540	22,650	20,890	55,990	29,535	26,460
English	115	30	80	125	40	85
French	170	70	100	215	80	130
Non-official language	325	110	215	385	125	260
Aboriginal	35	0	35	40	0	35
Non-Aboriginal	290	110	185	350	125	225
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	25	25	0	40	25	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	71,700	35,735	35,960	91,870	46,290	45,585
Non-movers	59,705	29,835	29,875	77,805	39,295	38,515
Movers	11,990	5,905	6,085	14,070	6,995	7,075
Non-migrants	8,690	4,190	4,500	9,740	4,760	4,980
Migrants	3,305	1,715	1,590	4,330	2,240	2,090
Internal migrants	2,810	1,420	1,395	3,795	1,915	1,875
Intraprovincial migrants	1,955	970	985	2,535	1,250	1,285
Interprovincial migrants	855	445	405	1,260	670	585
External migrants	495	300	200	535	320	215
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	68,260	33,910	34,345	87,560	44,025	43,540
Non-movers	38,475	19,150	19,325	51,330	25,915	25,415
Movers	29,785	14,770	15,015	36,235	18,110	18,125
Non-migrants	20,145	9,855	10,295	23,475	11,605	11,870
Migrants	9,645	4,915	4,725	12,760	6,500	6,255
Internal migrants	8,160	4,095	4,065	11,180	5,635	5,545
Intraprovincial migrants	6,100	3,060	3,045	8,190	4,085	4,095
Interprovincial migrants	2,060	1,035	1,025	2,995	1,550	1,445
External migrants	1,485	820	660	1,580	870	710

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 53 referrer

Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 180 referrer

Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Prince George, CY [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Fraser-Fort George, RD [Census division], British Columbia (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed March 12, 2026).

Date modified:: 2024-07-12

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Prince George, City [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Fraser-Fort George, Regional district [Census division], British Columbia

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Census Profile, 2016 Census Prince George, City [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Fraser-Fort George, Regional district [Census division], British Columbia

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Prince George, City [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Fraser-Fort George, Regional district [Census division], British Columbia