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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Northwest [Economic region], Ontario and Northeast [Economic region], Ontario

Charts (using rates) Download Hierarchies

The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Northwest Ontario [Economic region]			Northeast Ontario [Economic region]
	Data quality , Northwest [Economic region], Ontario Map : Northwest [Economic region], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Northeast [Economic region], Ontario Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	231,691	...	...	548,449	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	224,034	...	...	551,144	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	3.4	...	...	-0.5	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	114,959	...	...	288,783	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	95,362	...	...	238,530	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	0.4	...	...	2.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	526,478.23	...	...	276,367.96	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	231,695	115,160	116,530	548,450	269,940	278,510
0 to 14 years	39,820	20,495	19,325	82,355	42,100	40,250
0 to 4 years	12,970	6,725	6,240	26,705	13,720	12,985
5 to 9 years	13,710	7,010	6,695	28,145	14,375	13,765
10 to 14 years	13,140	6,755	6,385	27,505	14,010	13,495
15 to 64 years	150,405	75,295	75,110	352,495	175,035	177,460
15 to 19 years	13,990	7,280	6,710	30,070	15,560	14,510
20 to 24 years	15,055	7,725	7,330	31,410	16,125	15,285
25 to 29 years	14,245	7,175	7,070	30,510	15,400	15,115
30 to 34 years	13,165	6,535	6,625	30,095	14,805	15,290
35 to 39 years	12,820	6,265	6,560	29,835	14,555	15,280
40 to 44 years	13,065	6,415	6,650	31,230	15,445	15,785
45 to 49 years	14,505	7,090	7,415	34,635	17,085	17,550
50 to 54 years	17,770	8,765	9,010	45,190	22,085	23,105
55 to 59 years	19,130	9,585	9,545	47,290	23,240	24,050
60 to 64 years	16,660	8,455	8,200	42,230	20,735	21,490
65 years and over	41,465	19,375	22,095	113,600	52,795	60,805
65 to 69 years	14,250	7,205	7,045	37,455	18,670	18,785
70 to 74 years	9,430	4,605	4,825	27,340	13,305	14,035
75 to 79 years	7,060	3,290	3,770	20,485	9,545	10,935
80 to 84 years	5,240	2,350	2,890	14,815	6,505	8,315
85 years and over	5,480	1,920	3,560	13,500	4,770	8,730
85 to 89 years	3,375	1,315	2,065	8,845	3,465	5,385
90 to 94 years	1,640	510	1,135	3,690	1,105	2,590
95 to 99 years	400	95	305	865	185	680
100 years and over	65	10	50	100	20	85
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.2	17.8	16.6	15.0	15.6	14.5
15 to 64 years	64.9	65.4	64.5	64.3	64.8	63.7
65 years and over	17.9	16.8	19.0	20.7	19.6	21.8
85 years and over	2.4	1.7	3.1	2.5	1.8	3.1
Average age of the population	41.5	40.7	42.3	43.8	42.9	44.6
Median age of the population	42.6	41.7	43.5	46.3	45.3	47.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	95,365	...	...	238,530	...	...
Single-detached house	72,005	...	...	164,260	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,735	...	...	9,950	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	18,930	...	...	62,270	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,850	...	...	11,420	...	...
Row house	2,340	...	...	8,185	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,080	...	...	10,395	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	10,385	...	...	31,485	...	...
Other single-attached house	270	...	...	785	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	1,690	...	...	2,050	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	95,365	...	...	238,530	...	...
1 person	28,465	...	...	71,315	...	...
2 persons	34,240	...	...	93,175	...	...
3 persons	13,655	...	...	33,785	...	...
4 persons	11,360	...	...	27,445	...	...
5 or more persons	7,640	...	...	12,810	...	...
Number of persons in private households	227,455	...	...	538,350	...	...
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	191,870	94,670	97,200	466,095	227,830	238,260
Married or living common law	108,180	54,070	54,115	275,265	137,635	137,625
Married	84,025	42,045	41,980	217,320	108,755	108,565
Living common law	24,160	12,025	12,130	57,940	28,880	29,065
Not married and not living common law	83,690	40,605	43,090	190,830	90,195	100,635
Never married	53,875	29,910	23,965	112,720	62,535	50,185
Separated	6,260	2,865	3,390	16,115	7,525	8,595
Divorced	10,610	4,950	5,660	27,575	12,600	14,975
Widowed	12,945	2,865	10,075	34,420	7,530	26,890
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	65,865	...	...	162,505	...	...
2 persons	35,980	...	...	95,055	...	...
3 persons	13,685	...	...	32,270	...	...
4 persons	10,695	...	...	25,555	...	...
5 or more persons	5,505	...	...	9,630	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	65,865	...	...	162,510	...	...
Total couple families	53,045	...	...	135,440	...	...
Married couples	40,970	...	...	106,475	...	...
Common-law couples	12,075	...	...	28,965	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	12,815	...	...	27,065	...	...
Female parent	9,555	...	...	20,695	...	...
Male parent	3,260	...	...	6,370	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	53,045	...	...	135,440	...	...
Couples without children	28,325	...	...	77,905	...	...
Couples with children	24,725	...	...	57,535	...	...
1 child	10,225	...	...	24,970	...	...
2 children	9,560	...	...	23,565	...	...
3 or more children	4,940	...	...	9,000	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	12,820	...	...	27,070	...	...
1 child	7,660	...	...	17,145	...	...
2 children	3,460	...	...	7,295	...	...
3 or more children	1,700	...	...	2,625	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	41,295	20,760	20,540	97,840	47,575	50,265
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	95,365	...	...	238,530	...	...
One-census-family households	61,665	...	...	156,560	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	27,165	...	...	75,520	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	34,505	...	...	81,045	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	2,025	...	...	2,940	...	...
Non-census-family households	31,675	...	...	79,030	...	...
One-person households	28,465	...	...	71,315	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	3,210	...	...	7,710	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	229,190	114,080	115,110	542,175	267,475	274,695
English only	211,890	106,295	105,590	367,730	185,835	181,900
French only	295	155	140	7,155	3,260	3,895
English and French	16,000	7,250	8,755	166,125	77,930	88,195
Neither English nor French	1,005	380	620	1,160	455	705
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	229,190	114,085	115,105	542,170	267,475	274,695
English	222,260	110,720	111,545	426,125	211,985	214,140
French	5,785	2,920	2,875	112,990	54,130	58,855
English and French	205	105	95	1,990	955	1,035
Neither English nor French	935	345	595	1,070	405	665
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	5,895	2,970	2,925	113,980	54,610	59,375
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	2.6	2.6	2.5	21.0	20.4	21.6
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	229,190	114,080	115,110	542,175	267,475	274,695
Single responses	225,995	112,550	113,445	532,295	262,805	269,485
Official languages	195,500	97,905	97,600	501,040	247,930	253,110
English	189,265	94,780	94,485	386,630	193,080	193,555
French	6,240	3,125	3,115	114,415	54,850	59,560
Non-official languages	30,500	14,645	15,850	31,255	14,875	16,375
Aboriginal languages	15,040	7,365	7,670	4,530	2,085	2,450
Algonquian languages	15,010	7,355	7,660	4,440	2,040	2,400
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	2,865	1,500	1,360	1,795	800	995
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Moose Cree	10	0	5	55	30	25
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	5
Northern East Cree	10	0	0	20	5	10
Plains Cree	5	0	5	5	0	5
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0
Swampy Cree	35	15	25	225	85	140
Woods Cree	5	5	0	0	5	5
Cree, n.o.s.	2,805	1,480	1,325	1,480	680	800
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0	5	0
Malecite	0	0	0	5	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	12,145	5,850	6,295	2,635	1,225	1,405
Algonquin	0	5	0	20	15	10
Ojibway	5,880	2,850	3,030	2,465	1,155	1,310
Oji-Cree	6,255	2,995	3,260	30	5	20
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	5	120	55	65
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	5
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	10	5	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	5	5	5	5
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	5	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	15	5	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	5	5	5
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Iroquoian languages	5	0	5	5	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	5	0	5	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	5	0	5	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	5
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	20	10	10	55	30	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	15,455	7,280	8,175	26,720	12,790	13,930
Afro-Asiatic languages	325	190	130	860	550	310
Berber languages	0	5	0	25	10	15
Kabyle	0	0	5	15	10	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Cushitic languages	5	5	5	15	5	5
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	5	5	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5
Semitic languages	310	190	125	820	530	295
Amharic	10	5	5	10	10	0
Arabic	290	175	115	745	485	260
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	10	0	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	0	5	10	10	0
Maltese	0	0	0	25	15	10
Tigrigna	0	5	0	15	10	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	160	60	95	225	105	125
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	10	5	5
Vietnamese	150	60	90	215	100	120
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	495	165	330	585	160	430
Bikol	5	5	5	0	0	0
Cebuano	25	10	20	35	10	25
Fijian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	15	0	10
Ilocano	15	5	10	35	15	20
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	20	5	15	25	10	15
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	405	130	275	480	120	360
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	5	5	5
Creole languages	20	15	10	25	15	10
Haitian Creole	5	5	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	20	5	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	5	5	0
Dravidian languages	215	115	100	270	140	130
Kannada	10	5	5	15	10	5
Malayalam	135	65	70	80	35	45
Tamil	45	30	15	90	50	40
Telugu	25	15	10	90	45	40
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10,465	4,995	5,475	19,460	9,370	10,090
Albanian	5	5	0	5	5	5
Armenian	5	0	0	15	10	10
Balto-Slavic languages	2,925	1,245	1,680	3,940	1,780	2,165
Baltic languages	40	15	25	200	100	100
Latvian	25	10	10	90	45	50
Lithuanian	15	0	10	110	60	50
Slavic languages	2,885	1,230	1,655	3,740	1,680	2,065
Belarusan	0	5	0	5	5	5
Bosnian	0	0	5	10	5	5
Bulgarian	10	5	5	35	20	15
Croatian	290	145	145	535	255	285
Czech	60	35	25	180	105	80
Macedonian	0	0	5	25	15	10
Polish	1,100	475	630	1,360	570	790
Russian	125	50	75	280	115	165
Serbian	45	15	30	125	70	55
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	15	5	10
Slovak	165	70	95	125	65	60
Slovene (Slovenian)	100	50	50	145	65	80
Ukrainian	950	370	575	880	375	505
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	15	10	5
Celtic languages	10	0	10	35	10	20
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	20	5	15
Welsh	5	0	5	10	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Germanic languages	2,340	1,105	1,235	5,110	2,445	2,670
Afrikaans	15	10	5	75	45	35
Danish	85	45	45	110	60	50
Dutch	500	245	255	875	440	435
Frisian	10	5	10	20	10	5
German	1,590	745	845	3,860	1,815	2,045
Icelandic	10	5	5	0	0	0
Norwegian	30	10	20	35	10	20
Swedish	80	30	45	80	35	50
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	40	20	20
Yiddish	0	0	0	5	0	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	5	5	0
Greek	160	80	80	285	155	130
Indo-Iranian languages	730	415	320	1,550	820	725
Indo-Aryan languages	605	345	260	1,380	735	650
Bengali	80	50	35	90	55	40
Gujarati	125	70	45	385	210	175
Hindi	130	80	55	265	140	125
Kashmiri	0	0	5	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	5
Marathi	10	5	0	10	10	5
Nepali	30	15	10	85	40	45
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	100	60	45	235	120	115
Sindhi	5	0	5	15	5	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	10	5	35	20	15
Urdu	110	55	55	255	135	120
Iranian languages	130	70	60	165	85	80
Kurdish	0	0	0	10	10	5
Pashto	10	5	5	20	10	10
Persian (Farsi)	125	65	55	135	65	65
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	5	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages	4,295	2,135	2,160	8,520	4,140	4,375
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	3,265	1,635	1,630	6,830	3,335	3,495
Portuguese	535	265	270	665	340	325
Romanian	60	30	30	130	65	65
Spanish	430	210	225	880	395	480
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	20	5	10
Japanese	45	10	30	80	25	55
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	90	45	45	185	95	90
Mongolic languages	5	0	0	0	0	5
Mongolian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	80	45	35	320	175	145
Akan (Twi)	20	10	15	35	15	15
Bamanankan	5	0	0	0	0	5
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	5	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	5	10	5	5
Ga	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ganda	5	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	10	5	5	15	15	5
Lingala	0	0	0	15	5	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0	15	10	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0	25	10	10
Shona	10	10	0	25	15	10
Swahili	5	0	5	35	20	15
Wolof	5	0	5	10	5	0
Yoruba	5	0	0	35	20	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	85	50	35
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	10	5	10	0	0
Dinka	0	5	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	5	0	5
Sign languages	55	20	30	120	60	65
American Sign Language	30	10	15	40	15	25
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	30	10	10	75	40	35
Sino-Tibetan languages	885	435	450	1,445	690	750
Chinese languages	635	310	325	1,435	685	745
Cantonese	235	105	135	585	280	305
Hakka	0	0	5	5	5	0
Mandarin	335	170	160	660	310	350
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	5	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	5	10	10	5	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	5	5	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	25	20	165	80	80
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	250	125	125	10	5	5
Burmese	40	20	15	5	0	0
Karenic languages	205	105	100	10	5	5
Tibetan	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	5	20	50	10	35
Lao	0	0	5	5	0	5
Thai	25	5	20	40	10	30
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	20	10	5	45	30	15
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	5	0	0
Turkish	15	10	5	30	25	10
Uyghur	0	0	0	5	5	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	5	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Uralic languages	2,550	1,140	1,410	3,015	1,365	1,650
Estonian	45	25	15	170	80	90
Finnish	2,305	1,010	1,300	2,455	1,085	1,375
Hungarian	200	110	95	385	205	185
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	20	10	10
Multiple responses	3,190	1,530	1,660	9,880	4,665	5,210
English and French	635	310	320	7,125	3,360	3,765
English and non-official language	2,480	1,180	1,300	2,455	1,170	1,280
French and non-official language	45	25	25	180	85	95
English, French and non-official language	35	15	15	115	50	70
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	229,190	114,080	115,110	542,175	267,475	274,695
Single responses	225,060	112,190	112,870	530,685	262,165	268,520
Official languages	214,170	106,810	107,355	520,715	257,495	263,220
English	212,105	105,790	106,315	454,750	226,385	228,365
French	2,065	1,020	1,045	65,970	31,105	34,860
Non-official languages	10,895	5,380	5,510	9,970	4,670	5,300
Aboriginal languages	6,760	3,430	3,325	1,585	775	810
Algonquian languages	6,750	3,430	3,325	1,545	760	785
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	1,580	840	740	680	320	365
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	5	0	0	5	5	5
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	5	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	15	5	5	75	35	40
Woods Cree	0	0	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	1,570	830	735	590	270	320
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5,170	2,585	2,580	865	440	420
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	2,265	1,170	1,100	785	400	385
Oji-Cree	2,900	1,420	1,480	5	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	65	35	30
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	5	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	5	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	0	0	30	15	20
Non-Aboriginal languages	4,135	1,950	2,185	8,390	3,900	4,490
Afro-Asiatic languages	150	95	60	435	270	160
Berber languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kabyle	0	0	0	15	5	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Semitic languages	155	90	60	410	260	150
Amharic	5	0	0	5	0	5
Arabic	150	90	60	385	245	140
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	5	0	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	5	0	5
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	5	10	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	85	40	45	160	80	75
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	85	40	45	160	85	75
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	155	65	95	190	70	120
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	5	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ilocano	10	5	5	5	5	5
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	135	55	85	180	70	110
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	5	5	10	5	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0	10	0	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	0	0
Dravidian languages	100	50	50	130	55	75
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	5
Malayalam	55	25	30	40	10	25
Tamil	20	15	10	45	20	25
Telugu	20	10	5	45	20	25
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,350	1,075	1,275	5,610	2,550	3,060
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Balto-Slavic languages	510	200	310	850	365	485
Baltic languages	5	0	0	25	5	15
Latvian	5	0	5	10	5	5
Lithuanian	0	0	0	15	5	10
Slavic languages	505	205	300	830	360	470
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	5	0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	15	5	5
Croatian	75	30	45	125	55	75
Czech	10	5	5	40	20	20
Macedonian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Polish	245	105	150	335	150	185
Russian	35	15	20	125	60	65
Serbian	10	5	10	20	10	10
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	5
Slovak	5	5	5	15	5	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	10	15	25	10	10
Ukrainian	75	25	50	125	50	80
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Germanic languages	165	80	85	1,310	645	665
Afrikaans	5	5	0	35	20	20
Danish	0	5	5	5	0	5
Dutch	15	5	10	65	30	35
Frisian	5	0	0	0	0	0
German	140	70	75	1,195	590	600
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	5	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	15	10	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	40	15	20	105	50	50
Indo-Iranian languages	410	220	190	850	445	410
Indo-Aryan languages	345	185	155	760	400	365
Bengali	40	25	20	40	25	15
Gujarati	60	35	25	245	130	110
Hindi	65	45	25	145	70	75
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	5	10	5	5
Nepali	25	10	15	50	25	25
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	55	35	25	145	75	75
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	5	0	10	5	5
Urdu	85	35	50	120	65	55
Iranian languages	65	35	30	85	40	35
Kurdish	0	0	0	5	5	0
Pashto	0	0	0	5	5	0
Persian (Farsi)	65	35	30	65	35	35
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,225	555	670	2,480	1,035	1,445
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	875	390	485	1,890	750	1,140
Portuguese	150	65	85	215	105	110
Romanian	25	15	10	35	15	15
Spanish	175	85	90	335	165	175
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Japanese	10	5	5	15	5	10
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	50	25	25	115	60	55
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	5	60	25	35
Akan (Twi)	5	0	5	5	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	5	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	5	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	5	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	15	5	10
Shona	5	5	5	5	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	5	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	5	0	0
Yoruba	5	0	5	10	5	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	15	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	5	5	5
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	5	5	0
Sign languages	100	50	50	180	95	85
American Sign Language	35	15	20	45	20	25
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	5
Sign languages, n.i.e	70	35	30	130	70	55
Sino-Tibetan languages	525	270	245	825	420	400
Chinese languages	355	190	165	815	420	395
Cantonese	110	60	55	295	150	150
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	200	105	95	420	215	205
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	5	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	20	10	95	50	45
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	170	85	80	10	0	5
Burmese	15	10	5	5	0	5
Karenic languages	150	75	75	10	0	5
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	10	25	10	15
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	5	5	20	10	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	5	5	0	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	5	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	550	245	310	635	255	380
Estonian	0	0	5	20	5	15
Finnish	530	235	295	510	200	310
Hungarian	25	15	10	105	45	55
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	5	5	5	0	0
Multiple responses	4,130	1,890	2,240	11,485	5,310	6,175
English and French	410	205	205	6,715	3,060	3,655
English and non-official language	3,675	1,665	2,005	4,485	2,115	2,370
French and non-official language	5	5	5	115	60	50
English, French and non-official language	40	20	20	165	75	95
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	229,190	114,080	115,105	542,175	267,475	274,695
None	207,700	103,770	103,930	452,085	225,735	226,355
English	6,010	3,045	2,960	35,450	16,615	18,835
French	3,290	1,515	1,775	41,615	19,105	22,510
Non-official language	12,045	5,685	6,355	12,465	5,770	6,690
Aboriginal	7,150	3,400	3,745	3,530	1,615	1,915
Non-Aboriginal	4,890	2,280	2,610	8,935	4,155	4,785
English and French	10	5	10	70	35	40
English and non-official language	40	25	20	160	80	85
French and non-official language	100	40	65	310	135	180
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	5	5
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	187,740	92,840	94,895	456,170	223,745	232,420
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	181,180	89,620	91,560	440,775	216,870	223,905
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,573	41,245	29,437	33,649	41,652	26,956
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	181,245	89,620	91,625	440,985	216,880	224,105
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,611	37,069	27,189	30,758	37,385	25,084
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	159,235	80,225	79,010	384,900	193,560	191,340
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,189	39,062	26,256	31,098	39,740	24,043
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	134,820	63,045	71,775	329,580	151,165	178,415
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,590	7,339	7,692	8,354	8,597	7,969
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	130,170	67,180	62,990	309,860	163,975	145,880
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,240	37,371	28,319	31,722	38,633	26,898
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	187,740	92,840	94,900	456,165	223,750	232,420
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	181,215	89,605	91,610	440,470	216,595	223,875
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,368	50,408	36,481	43,701	52,418	35,267
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	181,275	89,605	91,670	440,675	216,600	224,080
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,819	41,924	31,829	36,845	43,208	30,694
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	159,210	80,105	79,105	384,595	193,490	191,100
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,838	49,634	33,945	42,133	51,322	32,830
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	134,940	63,040	71,900	329,995	151,265	178,730
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,876	8,580	9,135	9,227	9,409	9,073
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	130,170	67,070	63,100	309,855	163,495	146,355
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,231	47,589	34,473	41,881	49,034	33,890
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	187,735	92,840	94,900	456,165	223,750	232,415
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	56,965	30,785	26,180	136,885	75,645	61,235
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	53,793	60,751	47,462	54,558	63,143	46,410
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	60,960	68,218	52,425	62,401	70,674	52,181
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	84.8	88.0	80.5	84.2	87.5	79.4
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	68.2	70.5	65.1	67.3	70.4	62.8
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	15.2	12.0	19.5	15.8	12.5	20.6
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	187,740	92,840	94,900	456,165	223,750	232,420
Without total income	6,560	3,220	3,340	15,395	6,880	8,510
With total income	181,180	89,620	91,560	440,775	216,870	223,910
Percentage with total income	96.5	96.5	96.5	96.6	96.9	96.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	25,295	11,750	13,545	57,315	22,825	34,485
$10,000 to $19,999	29,850	11,775	18,070	79,215	30,210	49,000
$20,000 to $29,999	25,135	10,300	14,835	64,075	26,100	37,975
$30,000 to $39,999	21,890	9,780	12,105	53,085	25,180	27,910
$40,000 to $49,999	19,610	9,340	10,270	45,565	22,980	22,585
$50,000 to $59,999	15,785	8,365	7,425	35,180	18,980	16,200
$60,000 to $69,999	11,615	6,950	4,660	26,215	15,630	10,585
$70,000 to $79,999	8,405	5,215	3,190	19,415	12,190	7,225
$80,000 to $89,999	6,220	3,880	2,340	15,160	9,750	5,410
$90,000 to $99,999	5,260	3,230	2,030	13,600	8,345	5,250
$100,000 and over	12,115	9,025	3,090	31,960	24,675	7,285
$100,000 to $149,999	9,190	6,800	2,390	24,480	18,760	5,715
$150,000 and over	2,925	2,225	695	7,485	5,915	1,565
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	187,740	92,840	94,895	456,170	223,750	232,420
Without after-tax income	6,495	3,220	3,275	15,180	6,865	8,315
With after-tax income	181,245	89,620	91,625	440,985	216,880	224,105
Percentage with after-tax income	96.5	96.5	96.6	96.7	96.9	96.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	26,090	11,875	14,215	59,440	23,230	36,210
$10,000 to $19,999	31,240	12,355	18,885	82,435	31,550	50,880
$20,000 to $29,999	29,020	12,135	16,880	73,720	30,625	43,095
$30,000 to $39,999	25,925	12,000	13,925	62,765	31,075	31,685
$40,000 to $49,999	22,665	11,650	11,020	51,060	27,035	24,025
$50,000 to $59,999	15,600	9,180	6,415	35,510	21,075	14,435
$60,000 to $69,999	10,650	6,650	4,000	24,870	16,010	8,860
$70,000 to $79,999	7,765	4,790	2,970	20,010	12,740	7,270
$80,000 and over	12,285	8,985	3,305	31,175	23,540	7,635
$80,000 to $89,999	4,945	3,375	1,570	12,310	8,845	3,465
$90,000 to $99,999	2,555	1,965	585	6,990	5,425	1,565
$100,000 and over	4,790	3,645	1,150	11,875	9,265	2,605
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	187,740	92,840	94,895	456,170	223,745	232,420
Without employment income	57,565	25,660	31,910	146,310	59,770	86,540
With employment income	130,170	67,180	62,990	309,855	163,975	145,880
Percentage with employment income	69.3	72.4	66.4	67.9	73.3	62.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	20,870	10,790	10,080	54,090	30,495	23,595
$5,000 to $9,999	10,445	4,715	5,730	25,030	10,550	14,475
$10,000 to $19,999	16,675	7,440	9,230	38,425	16,370	22,055
$20,000 to $29,999	14,025	6,330	7,690	31,980	13,715	18,260
$30,000 to $39,999	13,165	5,705	7,460	29,625	12,550	17,070
$40,000 to $49,999	12,380	5,395	6,980	27,255	12,570	14,685
$50,000 to $59,999	10,355	5,405	4,955	22,745	12,275	10,470
$60,000 to $69,999	7,690	4,605	3,085	17,305	10,585	6,720
$70,000 to $79,999	5,995	3,750	2,245	14,195	9,070	5,125
$80,000 and over	18,580	13,045	5,540	49,215	35,795	13,420
$80,000 to $89,999	4,865	3,055	1,810	12,190	7,950	4,240
$90,000 to $99,999	4,440	2,700	1,740	11,815	7,275	4,535
$100,000 and over	9,275	7,290	1,990	25,215	20,570	4,640
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	95,365	...	...	238,530	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	67,193	...	...	63,938	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	59,924	...	...	57,018	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	28,465	...	...	71,315	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,330	...	...	30,399	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,270	...	...	28,096	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	66,895	...	...	167,215	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	85,941	...	...	83,009	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	75,855	...	...	72,955	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	95,360	...	...	238,530	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	82,411	...	...	80,698	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	69,989	...	...	68,070	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	28,420	...	...	71,260	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	42,816	...	...	40,444	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,594	...	...	34,623	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	66,940	...	...	167,270	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	99,220	...	...	97,847	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	84,167	...	...	82,319	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	95,360	...	...	238,530	...	...
Under $5,000	1,395	...	...	2,630	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	1,515	...	...	3,485	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	3,145	...	...	8,625	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	3,845	...	...	11,230	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,580	...	...	12,695	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,760	...	...	10,440	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	4,240	...	...	11,430	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	4,280	...	...	11,360	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	4,105	...	...	10,860	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	4,055	...	...	10,420	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	7,725	...	...	19,135	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	6,940	...	...	16,860	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	6,405	...	...	14,980	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	5,675	...	...	13,620	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5,075	...	...	12,065	...	...
$100,000 and over	28,620	...	...	68,695	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	10,225	...	...	23,815	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	6,845	...	...	16,535	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	7,260	...	...	17,595	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,285	...	...	10,760	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	95,365	...	...	238,530	...	...
Under $5,000	1,465	...	...	2,805	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	1,535	...	...	3,570	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	3,205	...	...	8,700	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	4,005	...	...	11,630	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5,045	...	...	14,020	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	4,305	...	...	11,670	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	4,845	...	...	13,015	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	4,940	...	...	12,935	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	4,895	...	...	12,785	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	4,765	...	...	11,900	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	8,745	...	...	22,610	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	8,055	...	...	19,165	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	7,205	...	...	17,340	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	6,285	...	...	14,905	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5,325	...	...	12,505	...	...
$100,000 and over	20,745	...	...	48,960	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	9,530	...	...	22,335	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,455	...	...	12,830	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,765	...	...	13,800	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	64,755	...	...	161,585	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	86,112	...	...	83,281	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	75,960	...	...	73,091	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	26,515	...	...	73,955	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	81,924	...	...	75,038	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	71,677	...	...	66,334	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	25,010	...	...	58,270	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	114,020	...	...	116,856	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	98,894	...	...	99,279	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	11,315	...	...	25,340	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	49,672	...	...	47,666	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,099	...	...	44,878	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	64,835	...	...	161,670	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	99,541	...	...	98,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	84,343	...	...	82,503	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	26,445	...	...	73,835	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	94,183	...	...	87,878	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	79,169	...	...	74,064	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	25,050	...	...	58,260	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	124,974	...	...	129,032	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	105,121	...	...	106,702	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,300	...	...	25,310	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	58,937	...	...	58,341	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,870	...	...	51,848	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	35,130	17,745	17,390	87,870	43,050	44,820
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	31,766	34,234	29,781	28,608	32,438	25,982
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,165	31,006	27,689	26,629	29,629	24,678
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	34,835	17,425	17,415	87,605	42,665	44,935
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	40,333	43,368	37,295	38,502	42,754	34,465
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	34,616	36,525	32,706	33,085	35,813	30,495
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	227,455	113,290	114,165	538,350	265,760	272,590
In the bottom half of the distribution	114,985	55,740	59,250	271,930	129,335	142,590
In the bottom decile	27,910	13,930	13,975	55,590	26,790	28,800
In the second decile	23,300	10,695	12,605	57,480	25,110	32,370
In the third decile	21,265	10,145	11,120	53,570	25,275	28,295
In the fourth decile	21,065	10,185	10,885	52,470	25,710	26,760
In the fifth decile	21,440	10,775	10,660	52,820	26,440	26,375
In the top half of the distribution	112,475	57,550	54,920	266,420	136,425	130,000
In the sixth decile	22,560	11,225	11,335	52,175	26,185	25,995
In the seventh decile	22,890	11,645	11,250	54,725	27,850	26,875
In the eighth decile	24,260	12,420	11,835	57,480	29,435	28,040
In the ninth decile	24,420	12,675	11,745	58,760	30,310	28,455
In the top decile	18,340	9,590	8,760	43,280	22,645	20,635
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	198,485	98,470	100,015	523,820	258,455	265,360
0 to 17 years	36,975	19,025	17,955	95,670	49,040	46,625
0 to 5 years	11,755	6,110	5,640	30,550	15,705	14,845
18 to 64 years	124,265	61,715	62,545	322,770	159,520	163,255
65 years and over	37,240	17,730	19,515	105,385	49,900	55,485
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	26,215	12,240	13,970	78,175	35,635	42,545
0 to 17 years	6,920	3,580	3,345	18,115	9,330	8,780
0 to 5 years	2,590	1,335	1,255	6,810	3,470	3,340
18 to 64 years	15,230	7,225	7,995	46,055	21,350	24,710
65 years and over	4,070	1,435	2,630	14,015	4,960	9,055
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.2	12.4	14.0	14.9	13.8	16.0
0 to 17 years (%)	18.7	18.8	18.6	18.9	19.0	18.8
0 to 5 years (%)	22.0	21.8	22.3	22.3	22.1	22.5
18 to 64 years (%)	12.3	11.7	12.8	14.3	13.4	15.1
65 years and over (%)	10.9	8.1	13.5	13.3	9.9	16.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	13,045	6,620	6,420	34,075	16,780	17,295
0 to 17 years	3,080	1,625	1,455	7,205	3,710	3,495
0 to 5 years	1,255	660	590	2,955	1,510	1,440
18 to 64 years	9,350	4,760	4,590	25,270	12,450	12,815
65 years and over	615	230	380	1,600	620	985
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.6	6.7	6.4	6.5	6.5	6.5
0 to 17 years (%)	8.3	8.5	8.1	7.5	7.6	7.5
0 to 5 years (%)	10.7	10.8	10.5	9.7	9.6	9.7
18 to 64 years (%)	7.5	7.7	7.3	7.8	7.8	7.8
65 years and over (%)	1.7	1.3	1.9	1.5	1.2	1.8
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	227,455	113,290	114,165	538,350	265,760	272,590
Official languages	226,500	112,920	113,580	537,125	265,275	271,850
English	226,205	112,760	113,435	530,045	262,115	267,930
French	16,180	7,375	8,800	172,415	80,900	91,525
Non-official languages	37,745	18,225	19,520	42,540	20,540	22,005
Aboriginal languages	18,575	9,120	9,455	7,555	3,480	4,080
Algonquian languages	18,525	9,100	9,430	7,325	3,385	3,945
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	3,290	1,700	1,590	2,635	1,215	1,420
Atikamekw	0	0	0	10	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	125	65	55
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	10
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	35	10	20
Plains Cree	10	10	0	15	10	10
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	85	40	45	375	170	205
Woods Cree	0	0	0	10	10	0
Cree, n.o.s.	3,225	1,670	1,560	2,105	965	1,140
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	10	0	10	10	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	10	0
Mi'kmaq	10	0	10	10	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15,305	7,425	7,880	4,725	2,180	2,540
Algonquin	0	0	0	50	30	25
Ojibway	8,010	3,950	4,060	4,485	2,065	2,415
Oji-Cree	7,415	3,550	3,865	65	25	40
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	160	85	70
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	10	10	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	40	20	30
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	15	10	10
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	0	20
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	10	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	0	0	85	40	50
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	10	0	10	10	0	0
Dakota	0	10	0	0	10	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	45	15	30	90	40	45
Non-Aboriginal languages	19,200	9,135	10,065	35,005	17,065	17,945
Afro-Asiatic languages	545	315	230	1,260	735	525
Berber languages	0	0	0	20	10	15
Kabyle	0	0	0	20	10	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	10	10	0	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	525	295	230	1,245	725	515
Amharic	0	0	0	10	0	10
Arabic	485	265	215	1,115	665	455
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	20	15	10	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	10	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	25	15	10	55	20	30
Maltese	0	0	0	50	35	15
Tigrigna	0	0	0	10	0	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	150	50	100	315	150	170
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	10	15	10	10
Vietnamese	150	50	100	300	145	155
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	665	220	450	715	220	500
Bikol	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cebuano	35	0	35	85	30	60
Fijian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Hiligaynon	15	10	10	15	0	10
Ilocano	35	10	20	45	15	30
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	60	25	30	65	40	25
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	570	180	390	625	165	460
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0	0	10
Creole languages	90	70	25	95	60	30
Haitian Creole	10	0	10	20	10	10
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	0	25	15	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	80	60	20	50	40	15
Dravidian languages	185	100	90	380	200	180
Kannada	10	0	0	15	10	10
Malayalam	115	55	60	50	25	25
Tamil	55	25	30	160	95	60
Telugu	20	15	0	180	80	100
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	13,010	6,325	6,685	25,725	12,500	13,225
Albanian	0	0	0	20	10	15
Armenian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Balto-Slavic languages	3,015	1,330	1,680	3,950	1,810	2,140
Baltic languages	20	10	15	210	120	95
Latvian	10	0	10	110	60	45
Lithuanian	10	0	10	105	60	45
Slavic languages	2,990	1,330	1,665	3,755	1,700	2,055
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Bosnian	10	0	0	20	10	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	35	25	10
Croatian	340	190	145	630	280	350
Czech	85	50	40	260	130	130
Macedonian	0	0	0	20	20	10
Polish	1,325	600	725	1,370	580	790
Russian	180	70	110	390	155	240
Serbian	115	45	70	155	90	70
Serbo-Croatian	20	15	0	30	15	10
Slovak	185	85	100	130	85	40
Slovene (Slovenian)	105	40	65	125	40	85
Ukrainian	865	330	535	845	380	470
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	35	20	15
Celtic languages	20	10	10	100	60	40
Scottish Gaelic	0	10	0	50	25	25
Welsh	10	10	0	20	10	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	25	0
Germanic languages	2,670	1,275	1,395	6,070	2,970	3,100
Afrikaans	30	25	0	165	110	55
Danish	100	45	50	120	75	50
Dutch	455	240	215	1,085	520	565
Frisian	30	10	25	10	0	10
German	1,935	910	1,025	4,720	2,300	2,415
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	60	20	35	70	25	45
Swedish	125	50	75	130	55	75
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0	25	15	10
Yiddish	10	0	10	20	10	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	10	0	0
Greek	235	135	105	465	230	235
Indo-Iranian languages	1,085	595	485	2,065	1,085	975
Indo-Aryan languages	890	485	405	1,865	980	890
Bengali	200	115	80	140	75	75
Gujarati	155	85	70	450	260	195
Hindi	365	215	155	980	520	460
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	20	10	10	45	25	20
Nepali	50	35	20	95	40	60
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	150	70	80	320	175	150
Sindhi	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	10	0	35	30	10
Urdu	210	110	105	420	205	210
Iranian languages	205	120	90	220	125	95
Kurdish	0	0	0	30	20	10
Pashto	25	20	10	30	25	10
Persian (Farsi)	190	105	85	165	85	80
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	20	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages	6,165	3,050	3,115	13,545	6,585	6,965
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	4,245	2,155	2,095	9,250	4,495	4,760
Portuguese	665	325	340	910	505	405
Romanian	35	15	25	130	60	75
Spanish	1,320	610	705	3,585	1,640	1,940
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	50	30	20
Japanese	90	50	40	185	90	95
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	185	85	100	280	145	135
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	235	135	100	465	285	175
Akan (Twi)	40	25	15	50	35	20
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	15	10	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ga	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	15	15	0	25	15	10
Lingala	10	0	0	70	30	35
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	25	10	15
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Shona	20	15	0	35	20	15
Swahili	10	0	0	90	45	50
Wolof	10	0	10	10	10	0
Yoruba	35	20	15	65	50	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	90	40	55	165	120	45
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	15	15	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	0	0	0
Sign languages	340	130	210	940	395	550
American Sign Language	135	35	95	405	160	245
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	35	10	25
Sign languages, n.i.e.	210	95	115	520	230	290
Sino-Tibetan languages	985	470	520	1,680	905	775
Chinese languages	680	325	355	1,680	905	780
Cantonese	290	125	160	780	415	360
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	365	185	180	840	455	380
Min Dong	0	0	0	10	10	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	10	25	30	15	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	10	15	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	50	25	25	170	80	85
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	315	150	165	0	0	0
Burmese	90	55	35	0	0	0
Karenic languages	270	125	150	0	10	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	15	25	40	10	30
Lao	20	10	10	10	0	0
Thai	30	10	25	30	10	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	35	15	20	55	40	15
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	15	10	10
Turkish	35	10	20	30	25	10
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	10	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	2,900	1,275	1,625	3,385	1,585	1,800
Estonian	60	20	40	170	90	80
Finnish	2,635	1,150	1,485	2,820	1,265	1,555
Hungarian	210	110	100	395	230	165
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	60	30	35
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	227,455	113,290	114,165	538,350	265,760	272,595
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	223,355	111,325	112,025	530,975	262,190	268,785
Canadian citizens aged under 18	47,875	24,755	23,120	99,465	51,115	48,355
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	175,475	86,575	88,905	431,510	211,080	220,430
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	4,105	1,965	2,140	7,375	3,570	3,810
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	227,460	113,290	114,170	538,355	265,755	272,595
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	210,945	105,115	105,830	507,470	250,805	256,670
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	15,280	7,535	7,745	29,385	14,125	15,260
Before 1981	9,675	4,710	4,965	18,755	9,015	9,745
1981 to 1990	1,405	695	710	2,235	1,155	1,080
1991 to 2000	1,365	665	700	2,375	1,085	1,285
2001 to 2010	1,800	955	840	3,765	1,835	1,925
2001 to 2005	785	425	360	1,595	795	810
2006 to 2010	1,010	530	485	2,165	1,045	1,125
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	1,050	520	530	2,255	1,040	1,220
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	1,225	640	590	1,495	830	665
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	15,285	7,535	7,750	29,385	14,130	15,255
Under 5 years	2,515	1,340	1,180	4,595	2,315	2,280
5 to 14 years	3,315	1,740	1,575	6,255	3,175	3,080
15 to 24 years	4,025	1,875	2,145	7,865	3,545	4,315
25 to 44 years	4,890	2,345	2,545	9,450	4,555	4,900
45 years and over	540	240	300	1,225	540	680
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	15,280	7,535	7,745	29,385	14,125	15,255
Americas	2,725	1,245	1,485	4,580	1,955	2,625
Brazil	25	20	10	50	15	35
Colombia	55	30	30	70	40	30
El Salvador	30	20	10	50	25	20
Guyana	20	10	10	75	30	45
Haiti	0	0	0	45	25	20
Jamaica	45	25	20	300	140	165
Mexico	130	40	85	155	45	110
Peru	25	20	10	50	0	40
Trinidad and Tobago	30	10	20	105	65	45
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	2,155	955	1,200	3,130	1,325	1,805
Other places of birth in Americas	205	115	90	550	245	305
Europe	9,515	4,760	4,755	18,850	9,255	9,595
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	10	10	60	40	25
Croatia	205	125	80	325	150	175
France	105	50	60	290	125	165
Germany	1,070	560	505	2,445	1,180	1,270
Greece	100	45	45	235	125	110
Hungary	115	75	35	325	195	125
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	105	60	40	240	150	90
Italy	2,410	1,270	1,140	4,525	2,275	2,245
Netherlands	395	205	190	775	450	325
Poland	740	345	395	735	290	445
Portugal	385	190	190	515	280	240
Romania	45	20	20	155	80	70
Russian Federation	80	30	50	165	55	105
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	75	35	45	115	80	35
Ukraine	115	50	70	165	65	95
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	1,725	840	885	4,975	2,330	2,640
Other places of birth in Europe	1,840	850	990	2,820	1,385	1,435
Africa	445	280	165	1,150	650	500
Algeria	10	10	0	65	30	30
Egypt	20	25	0	100	65	35
Ethiopia	0	0	0	10	0	10
Kenya	35	15	20	25	10	15
Morocco	0	0	0	25	20	10
Nigeria	35	30	10	125	65	55
Somalia	10	10	0	10	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	40	25	20	170	100	65
Other places of birth in Africa	290	170	120	625	345	275
Asia	2,460	1,155	1,305	4,575	2,130	2,445
Afghanistan	20	15	10	50	20	25
Bangladesh	125	70	50	90	45	45
China^{Census data footnote 59}	290	140	150	930	390	540
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	75	40	35	135	70	60
India	260	165	95	1,070	510	560
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	125	70	55	95	50	40
Iraq	25	10	15	25	25	10
Japan	15	0	15	45	10	35
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	40	20	25	150	70	80
Lebanon	45	30	15	110	70	45
Pakistan	135	60	75	265	125	135
Philippines	620	210	415	635	175	455
Sri Lanka	20	0	15	95	60	30
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	35	15	15	80	40	35
Taiwan	10	0	10	40	25	15
Viet Nam	105	50	60	325	170	160
Other places of birth in Asia	520	260	265	455	260	195
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	140	100	40	235	145	90
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	1,045	515	530	2,260	1,040	1,220
Americas	245	115	130	380	175	210
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	10
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	10	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	10
Jamaica	20	10	10	25	20	0
Mexico	15	10	10	25	10	10
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	170	85	90	230	105	125
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	10	10	10
Other places of birth in Americas	35	15	20	75	35	45
Europe	95	50	45	255	110	145
France	10	10	10	0	0	0
Germany	10	0	0	10	0	10
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	15	10	0
Russian Federation	0	0	10	20	0	20
Ukraine	10	10	10	30	15	15
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	20	10	10	90	45	40
Other places of birth in Europe	35	15	20	90	45	45
Africa	100	45	50	330	170	160
Algeria	0	10	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	10	10	30	15	15
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	45	20	25
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	30	10	15
Egypt	0	10	0	35	30	10
Eritrea	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	10	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	40	20	20
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	20	0	10	35	20	10
Tunisia	0	0	0	20	10	10
Other places of birth in Africa	60	25	40	85	35	50
Asia	580	280	300	1,215	530	685
Afghanistan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	15	10	10	15	0	10
China^{Census data footnote 59}	60	35	20	115	40	70
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	10	0	0	0
India	95	70	25	410	205	210
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	40	10	25	35	25	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	10	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	25	10	25
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	10	0	0	15	15	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	10	0	0
Nepal	40	25	10	20	10	10
Pakistan	30	10	25	90	40	55
Philippines	155	40	115	200	65	135
Saudi Arabia	15	10	10	10	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	20	0	15	65	35	30
Taiwan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	10	0	0	0	0	10
Viet Nam	10	0	0	95	45	50
Other places of birth in Asia	80	45	30	95	30	60
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	25	25	0	75	55	15
Australia	20	20	0	65	55	15
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	10	10	0	10	10	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	227,455	113,290	114,165	538,350	265,760	272,590
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	17,195	8,570	8,630	32,380	15,730	16,655
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	34,520	16,820	17,700	57,330	28,115	29,220
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	175,735	87,900	87,835	448,635	221,920	226,715
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	5,835	2,925	2,915	10,945	5,280	5,660
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	2,405	1,255	1,145	4,985	2,625	2,365
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	1,045	680	365	2,160	1,490	670
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	1,360	580	780	2,825	1,135	1,695
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	2,420	1,090	1,330	4,690	1,900	2,790
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	975	560	415	1,155	690	470
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	45	15	25	110	70	35
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	227,455	113,290	114,165	538,355	265,760	272,590
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	58,955	29,145	29,805	69,515	34,005	35,505
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	58,275	28,805	29,475	67,705	33,150	34,555
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	48,665	24,115	24,550	41,465	19,715	21,750
Métis	9,550	4,660	4,890	25,975	13,295	12,680
Inuk (Inuit)	60	25	40	260	140	120
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	350	190	160	775	355	415
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	325	155	170	1,030	500	535
Non-Aboriginal identity	168,505	84,145	84,355	468,840	231,750	237,090
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	227,455	113,290	114,165	538,350	265,760	272,590
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	47,035	23,315	23,720	35,995	17,205	18,795
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	180,425	89,980	90,445	502,355	248,555	253,800
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	227,455	113,290	114,165	538,350	265,755	272,590
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	36,970	18,530	18,435	24,900	12,245	12,655
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	36,805	18,460	18,340	24,585	12,065	12,520
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	35,670	17,865	17,805	21,300	10,290	11,010
Métis single ancestry	1,100	590	510	3,195	1,735	1,460
Inuit single ancestry	35	0	25	95	40	55
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	165	75	90	315	180	135
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	160	65	90	230	135	95
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	10	0	0	65	40	25
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	25	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	22,535	10,945	11,590	55,685	26,840	28,845
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	21,720	10,595	11,125	53,990	25,995	27,990
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	14,350	7,010	7,340	30,690	14,490	16,200
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	7,255	3,535	3,720	22,955	11,360	11,595
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	115	50	65	340	145	195
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	815	355	465	1,700	845	855
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	755	330	430	1,570	795	775
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40	10	30	100	45	50
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	10	0	20	0	25
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	10	0	10
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	167,950	83,810	84,140	457,765	226,675	231,095
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	227,460	113,290	114,165	538,355	265,760	272,590
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	6,455	3,265	3,185	13,250	6,670	6,580
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	1,215	655	555	2,970	1,540	1,430
Chinese	905	440	465	2,400	1,225	1,170
Black	975	555	420	3,165	1,680	1,490
Filipino	850	330	520	925	320	610
Latin American	450	235	215	715	320	395
Arab	410	230	180	995	570	420
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	615	270	350	570	265	305
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	175	95	80	210	95	115
Korean	210	105	95	330	180	150
Japanese	315	180	135	255	115	140
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	70	40	35	300	150	150
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	260	140	120	420	210	210
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	221,005	110,020	110,980	525,095	259,085	266,010
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	227,455	113,290	114,165	538,350	265,760	272,595
North American Aboriginal origins	59,505	29,475	30,030	80,590	39,085	41,500
First Nations (North American Indian)	50,985	25,285	25,700	53,960	25,790	28,165
Inuit	215	80	130	650	280	370
Métis	9,290	4,535	4,755	28,000	14,040	13,965
Other North American origins	53,600	26,885	26,720	240,375	117,830	122,540
Acadian	200	95	105	845	420	425
American	2,400	1,145	1,255	4,955	2,430	2,525
Canadian	51,805	26,025	25,780	236,030	115,655	120,375
New Brunswicker	25	10	15	25	10	15
Newfoundlander	195	125	70	505	250	250
Nova Scotian	10	0	0	80	30	45
Ontarian	30	10	20	235	135	105
Québécois	80	40	45	700	355	345
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	15	10	10	0	0	0
European origins	163,025	80,715	82,305	387,640	190,620	197,015
British Isles origins	96,815	47,215	49,600	233,880	114,075	119,810
Channel Islander	10	0	0	15	10	0
Cornish	10	0	0	50	20	35
English	55,815	27,110	28,705	129,260	62,670	66,595
Irish	38,195	18,215	19,980	103,860	49,355	54,505
Manx	35	30	10	100	30	65
Scottish	43,635	21,285	22,350	94,835	46,020	48,815
Welsh	3,605	1,750	1,860	7,540	3,660	3,880
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	3,465	1,715	1,755	9,875	4,780	5,095
French origins	37,555	18,325	19,230	167,220	80,810	86,410
Alsatian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Breton	15	0	10	25	15	10
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	37,530	18,315	19,215	167,200	80,795	86,405
Western European origins (except French origins)	34,310	17,055	17,255	65,480	32,135	33,345
Austrian	1,505	740	765	2,125	1,030	1,085
Bavarian	0	0	0	25	10	20
Belgian	735	420	315	1,495	750	745
Dutch	8,185	4,200	3,985	15,155	7,480	7,680
Flemish	125	50	80	65	40	35
Frisian	30	10	20	0	0	0
German	25,220	12,415	12,805	48,975	23,875	25,095
Luxembourger	20	15	0	30	20	15
Swiss	1,370	610	760	2,185	1,035	1,155
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	10	0	0	30	25	10
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	34,350	16,570	17,780	26,280	12,755	13,525
Danish	2,205	1,155	1,045	2,290	1,120	1,170
Finnish	17,630	8,575	9,055	15,860	7,765	8,090
Icelandic	1,645	790	860	660	260	400
Norwegian	6,405	3,005	3,400	3,670	1,775	1,900
Swedish	10,625	4,920	5,710	5,280	2,490	2,790
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	545	295	255	515	270	245
Eastern European origins	39,530	19,375	20,145	40,220	20,030	20,190
Bulgarian	75	30	50	205	100	105
Byelorussian	60	20	40	125	75	50
Czech	590	340	250	1,025	535	490
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	490	225	260	625	330	300
Estonian	380	175	200	790	460	330
Hungarian	1,830	875	950	2,800	1,360	1,440
Latvian	305	150	150	450	220	230
Lithuanian	320	135	190	845	420	425
Moldovan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Polish	12,525	6,375	6,155	15,635	7,860	7,775
Romanian	800	315	490	1,225	675	550
Russian	2,330	1,175	1,150	2,935	1,290	1,645
Slovak	2,505	1,100	1,405	910	475	435
Ukrainian	24,745	12,085	12,655	18,050	8,855	9,195
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	60	50	15	50	25	25
Southern European origins	25,075	12,740	12,330	51,130	25,360	25,765
Albanian	10	0	0	35	20	15
Bosnian	45	25	25	35	15	15
Catalan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	1,355	690	660	2,435	1,230	1,195
Cypriot	0	0	0	20	10	10
Greek	970	500	470	1,645	785	855
Italian	20,330	10,350	9,980	42,075	21,040	21,035
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	25	20	10	215	130	85
Maltese	50	25	25	470	250	220
Montenegrin	0	0	0	30	15	10
Portuguese	1,485	780	710	1,965	1,040	920
Serbian	255	125	130	375	215	165
Sicilian	25	20	10	70	45	25
Slovenian	380	180	205	570	275	295
Spanish	665	295	365	2,105	805	1,300
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	365	165	200	710	350	365
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	10	10	30	0	20
Other European origins	715	355	360	1,485	800	675
Basque	15	10	10	25	10	20
Jewish	270	125	145	640	335	300
Roma (Gypsy)	60	15	40	55	25	30
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	20	0	15	20	15	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	350	200	155	740	420	320
Caribbean origins	530	295	230	2,280	1,125	1,155
Antiguan	0	0	0	45	20	25
Bahamian	20	0	15	25	15	15
Barbadian	65	40	20	130	50	75
Bermudan	10	10	0	35	15	25
Carib	10	0	10	0	0	0
Cuban	45	20	20	70	30	45
Dominican	0	0	0	90	40	50
Grenadian	20	15	0	25	10	15
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	30	20	0	110	65	45
Jamaican	250	140	110	1,190	620	570
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	70	30	40
St. Lucian	10	0	0	50	30	20
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	65	30	35	240	125	110
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	30	20	15
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	25	15	10	170	95	70
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	10	10	0	70	30	45
Latin, Central and South American origins	955	485	470	1,665	785	880
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	75	35	45
Arawak	0	0	0	10	10	10
Argentinian	15	0	10	65	30	35
Belizean	45	20	25	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	10	0	15	10	0
Brazilian	80	20	60	75	50	30
Chilean	80	45	45	65	30	35
Colombian	85	45	40	135	75	60
Costa Rican	30	15	10	10	0	10
Ecuadorian	10	0	10	50	25	25
Guatemalan	35	10	20	45	25	20
Guyanese	55	45	15	170	75	95
Hispanic	10	10	0	40	15	25
Honduran	20	0	15	15	15	0
Maya	10	0	0	30	15	20
Mexican	310	165	145	545	235	310
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	20	15	0	170	80	90
Salvadorean	70	35	35	85	50	35
Uruguayan	0	0	0	25	10	15
Venezuelan	10	10	10	20	0	20
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	70	45	25	40	10	30
African origins	1,165	685	480	2,980	1,505	1,485
Central and West African origins	305	185	115	685	395	295
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	10	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	15	10	0	45	25	25
Chadian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Congolese	20	0	10	155	90	70
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	90	60	25	95	70	30
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	55	30	20
Liberian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	80	40	40	230	115	115
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	10	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	40	25	15	10	10	10
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	15	0	0	35	20	15
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	55	35	20	40	25	15
North African origins	170	110	60	485	240	250
Algerian	20	15	0	95	50	45
Berber	10	10	0	20	10	10
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	30	25	10	145	80	65
Libyan	25	10	15	0	10	10
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	45	25	20
Sudanese	90	55	35	40	20	20
Tunisian	10	0	10	75	25	50
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	55	25	30
Southern and East African origins	250	160	90	550	285	265
Afrikaner	15	10	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	30	15	20
Djiboutian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	15	0	10
Ethiopian	15	10	10	15	10	10
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	55	25	30
Malagasy	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mauritian	15	10	0	10	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	15	10	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	15	10	0
Somali	15	0	0	50	35	15
South African	145	105	45	225	105	120
Tanzanian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	10	0	10	10	0
Zambian	0	10	0	10	0	0
Zimbabwean	10	10	0	50	30	25
Zulu	10	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	30	20	10	110	70	40
Other African origins	465	245	215	1,330	620	710
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	45	30	20	230	85	140
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	415	215	200	1,120	540	580
Asian origins	5,575	2,755	2,820	10,970	5,410	5,560
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	1,105	595	510	2,455	1,320	1,140
Afghan	50	35	10	65	25	35
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	230	130	100	390	255	140
Armenian	35	25	10	80	45	40
Assyrian	25	15	10	10	0	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	15	10	0
Georgian	10	0	10	10	10	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	205	105	100	245	135	115
Iraqi	15	10	10	30	20	10
Israeli	15	10	0	40	30	10
Jordanian	0	0	0	25	10	25
Kazakh	0	0	0	10	10	0
Kurd	10	0	0	40	30	15
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	310	155	150	885	410	470
Palestinian	10	0	0	80	30	50
Pashtun	0	0	0	30	20	10
Saudi Arabian	85	45	40	115	85	35
Syrian	70	45	20	240	140	95
Tajik	0	0	0	20	0	15
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	50	25	30	170	90	75
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	10	0	10	0	0	10
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	25	10	15	90	50	35
South Asian origins	1,185	650	535	3,320	1,690	1,625
Bangladeshi	105	70	35	85	50	35
Bengali	10	0	10	45	25	20
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	790	415	375	2,470	1,275	1,195
Goan	0	0	0	15	10	10
Gujarati	10	0	0	25	15	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	45	35	10	60	15	40
Pakistani	100	60	35	375	185	190
Punjabi	40	30	10	50	15	30
Sinhalese	0	0	0	10	10	0
Sri Lankan	35	10	25	190	115	75
Tamil	15	10	0	15	0	10
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	80	35	45	155	65	90
East and Southeast Asian origins	3,330	1,520	1,815	5,290	2,450	2,845
Burmese	55	30	20	10	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	20	0	10	65	30	30
Chinese	1,175	575	605	3,055	1,485	1,570
Filipino	905	355	555	1,055	350	705
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	85	45	45	85	40	40
Japanese	460	235	220	330	155	175
Karen	275	125	155	0	0	0
Korean	200	110	95	315	170	145
Laotian	20	10	10	20	10	0
Malaysian	20	0	15	35	10	25
Mongolian	60	35	25	20	10	15
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	10	0	0	20	10	15
Thai	20	10	15	35	20	20
Tibetan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	230	100	130	495	260	240
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	10	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	50	35	20	40	20	15
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	50	30	20	40	25	15
Oceania origins	215	115	105	520	265	260
Australian	115	60	55	425	210	210
New Zealander	65	35	30	50	30	25
Pacific Islands origins	40	15	25	55	30	30
Fijian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Hawaiian	10	0	10	15	10	10
Maori	25	10	20	0	10	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	10	10	10
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	95,365	...	...	238,530	...	...
Owner	66,450	...	...	167,185	...	...
Renter	23,075	...	...	70,005	...	...
Band housing	5,835	...	...	1,335	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	95,360	...	...	238,530	...	...
Condominium	2,335	...	...	5,195	...	...
Not condominium	93,020	...	...	233,335	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	95,365	...	...	238,530	...	...
No bedrooms	220	...	...	650	...	...
1 bedroom	9,765	...	...	26,645	...	...
2 bedrooms	23,780	...	...	58,805	...	...
3 bedrooms	37,870	...	...	96,595	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	23,720	...	...	55,835	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	95,360	...	...	238,530	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	21,235	...	...	54,565	...	...
5 rooms	17,445	...	...	39,065	...	...
6 rooms	17,175	...	...	40,765	...	...
7 rooms	13,190	...	...	34,855	...	...
8 or more rooms	26,315	...	...	69,280	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	95,365	...	...	238,530	...	...
One person or fewer per room	93,520	...	...	237,385	...	...
More than 1 person per room	1,840	...	...	1,140	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	95,365	...	...	238,530	...	...
Suitable	90,925	...	...	232,905	...	...
Not suitable	4,440	...	...	5,620	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	95,365	...	...	238,530	...	...
1960 or before	32,505	...	...	78,100	...	...
1961 to 1980	30,405	...	...	86,025	...	...
1981 to 1990	13,045	...	...	30,760	...	...
1991 to 2000	10,030	...	...	21,530	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,435	...	...	6,685	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,015	...	...	8,305	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	2,925	...	...	7,125	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	95,365	...	...	238,530	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	84,020	...	...	216,690	...	...
Major repairs needed	11,340	...	...	21,840	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	95,365	...	...	238,530	...	...
1 household maintainer	58,900	...	...	148,430	...	...
2 household maintainers	34,870	...	...	87,160	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	1,595	...	...	2,935	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	95,360	...	...	238,530	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,900	...	...	7,580	...	...
25 to 34 years	12,265	...	...	28,840	...	...
35 to 44 years	14,080	...	...	33,160	...	...
45 to 54 years	18,500	...	...	45,650	...	...
55 to 64 years	21,310	...	...	51,560	...	...
65 to 74 years	14,780	...	...	40,260	...	...
75 to 84 years	8,310	...	...	23,425	...	...
85 years and over	3,210	...	...	8,050	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	87,020	...	...	231,595	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	71,070	...	...	181,020	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	15,945	...	...	50,575	...	...
30% to less than 100%	14,300	...	...	45,695	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	64,680	...	...	162,995	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	51.4	...	...	55.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	10.5	...	...	13.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	843	...	...	942	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,027	...	...	1,099	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	200,692	...	...	219,732	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	238,381	...	...	252,568	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	22,375	...	...	68,835	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	25.4	...	...	20.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	40.9	...	...	42.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	803	...	...	806	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	830	...	...	840	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	187,735	92,840	94,900	456,170	223,750	232,420
No certificate, diploma or degree	47,380	24,350	23,030	101,945	52,135	49,810
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	48,350	23,340	25,010	122,390	58,050	64,345
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	92,010	45,150	46,860	231,830	113,570	118,260
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	16,825	13,480	3,340	42,155	32,475	9,685
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	7,540	5,310	2,230	20,785	14,500	6,290
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	9,285	8,170	1,110	21,370	17,980	3,395
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	42,330	17,730	24,605	118,675	51,245	67,430
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,650	1,585	2,065	6,625	2,735	3,890
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	29,200	12,355	16,845	64,370	27,110	37,265
Bachelor's degree	21,340	8,560	12,780	46,905	18,525	28,380
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,015	850	1,160	4,915	2,105	2,815
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	880	500	380	1,920	1,270	650
Master's degree	4,135	1,940	2,195	9,090	4,195	4,895
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	835	505	325	1,535	1,010	525
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	119,995	59,315	60,685	288,370	141,660	146,705
No certificate, diploma or degree	20,615	11,195	9,415	38,435	21,330	17,105
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	30,445	15,000	15,450	75,730	37,220	38,510
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	68,940	33,115	35,820	174,205	83,115	91,095
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	11,420	9,280	2,140	27,575	21,320	6,250
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	5,070	3,665	1,405	13,630	9,615	4,020
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	6,350	5,620	735	13,945	11,710	2,230
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	32,705	13,705	19,000	93,355	40,340	53,015
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,455	1,045	1,410	4,410	1,905	2,505
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	22,350	9,080	13,275	48,870	19,545	29,325
Bachelor's degree	16,290	6,365	9,915	35,770	13,720	22,050
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,480	605	870	3,610	1,425	2,185
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	635	305	325	1,475	890	590
Master's degree	3,320	1,420	1,895	6,880	2,830	4,050
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	635	380	260	1,130	685	450
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	187,740	92,840	94,900	456,165	223,750	232,420
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	95,735	47,690	48,040	224,335	110,180	114,160
Education	7,880	2,030	5,850	15,805	3,840	11,970
13. Education	7,885	2,035	5,850	15,805	3,845	11,965
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,940	1,015	920	4,625	2,230	2,395
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	485	375	110	1,045	780	260
50. Visual and performing arts	1,455	640	815	3,580	1,445	2,135
Humanities	3,635	1,535	2,100	8,100	3,165	4,930
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	150	30	120	635	130	505
23. English language and literature/letters	1,010	320	690	1,890	500	1,385
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,120	400	720	1,975	715	1,260
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	0	0	50	10	40
38. Philosophy and religious studies	145	75	70	695	340	350
39. Theology and religious vocations	475	295	185	835	495	340
54. History	585	390	195	1,490	850	640
55. French language and literature/letters	145	20	125	535	125	405
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,745	2,510	6,230	23,195	6,755	16,435
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	190	45	150	415	105	310
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	330	160	170	1,780	615	1,165
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,665	255	2,410	6,075	470	5,600
22. Legal professions and studies	955	325	625	3,725	1,275	2,450
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	290	30	260	480	95	385
42. Psychology	1,695	430	1,270	4,285	965	3,320
45. Social sciences	2,620	1,270	1,345	6,430	3,230	3,205
Business, management and public administration	15,880	4,885	10,995	39,415	11,705	27,705
30.16 Accounting and computer science	35	0	30	80	15	60
44. Public administration and social service professions	3,325	645	2,680	6,925	1,210	5,710
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,520	4,240	8,280	32,410	10,480	21,935
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,765	1,530	1,235	6,360	3,440	2,925
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,250	610	640	2,810	1,200	1,605
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	500	255	250	795	410	390
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	55	35	15	80	15	60
40. Physical sciences	795	570	225	2,140	1,535	600
41. Science technologies/technicians	160	55	105	540	270	270
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,700	845	855	5,245	3,160	2,085
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,215	710	505	4,070	2,685	1,385
25. Library science	320	20	300	410	35	380
27. Mathematics and statistics	160	110	50	695	390	300
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	10	0	75	55	20
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	22,280	21,165	1,110	59,955	56,905	3,050
04. Architecture and related services	410	305	100	790	610	185
14. Engineering	2,105	1,870	235	4,570	4,050	520
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	4,640	4,205	435	15,325	13,980	1,345
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	5,105	5,010	95	11,980	11,660	320
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	6,980	6,850	130	18,680	18,285	395
48. Precision production	3,045	2,920	120	8,605	8,330	275
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,915	2,205	715	6,000	4,300	1,700
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	590	365	225	1,740	1,030	710
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,325	1,840	490	4,255	3,265	990
Health and related fields	16,760	2,985	13,775	43,220	7,100	36,120
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	1,255	575	680	2,915	1,510	1,405
51. Health professions and related programs	15,260	2,270	12,990	39,710	5,170	34,540
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	240	140	100	595	415	175
Personal, protective and transportation services	7,510	4,440	3,070	19,875	10,955	8,920
12. Personal and culinary services	3,080	790	2,290	8,675	1,960	6,715
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	10	10	40	35	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	145	140	10
43. Security and protective services	1,990	1,420	570	5,785	3,965	1,820
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,405	2,205	195	5,225	4,855	370
Other	10	0	10	40	10	35
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	40	10	35
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	120,000	59,310	60,685	288,370	141,660	146,705
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	51,060	26,195	24,860	114,165	58,545	55,615
Education	5,570	1,345	4,220	10,415	2,310	8,105
13. Education	5,570	1,345	4,220	10,415	2,310	8,110
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,395	705	690	3,495	1,655	1,840
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	330	235	95	750	545	205
50. Visual and performing arts	1,065	470	595	2,745	1,110	1,635
Humanities	2,525	1,040	1,480	5,390	2,040	3,345
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	125	25	100	480	95	385
23. English language and literature/letters	680	205	475	1,230	300	930
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	820	285	540	1,430	525	905
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	0	0	45	15	35
38. Philosophy and religious studies	95	50	40	360	165	195
39. Theology and religious vocations	330	220	105	520	320	200
54. History	390	240	145	1,020	575	445
55. French language and literature/letters	90	15	80	310	50	250
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,925	1,825	5,100	18,545	5,010	13,535
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	170	35	140	275	75	210
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	260	130	135	1,515	545	970
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,215	230	1,985	5,040	355	4,685
22. Legal professions and studies	805	240	565	3,145	960	2,190
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	245	25	220	415	80	330
42. Psychology	1,280	285	990	3,285	640	2,645
45. Social sciences	1,955	890	1,065	4,865	2,365	2,500
Business, management and public administration	12,490	3,755	8,740	31,060	8,780	22,285
30.16 Accounting and computer science	35	0	30	50	15	40
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,770	520	2,250	5,760	970	4,790
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,690	3,235	6,455	25,250	7,795	17,455
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,105	1,145	960	4,715	2,440	2,275
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,020	515	515	2,110	895	1,215
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	350	170	180	565	270	290
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	30	25	10	55	15	45
40. Physical sciences	605	415	190	1,590	1,080	515
41. Science technologies/technicians	95	25	70	390	180	210
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,380	705	675	4,345	2,610	1,735
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,030	610	420	3,500	2,295	1,205
25. Library science	240	15	225	290	20	270
27. Mathematics and statistics	105	75	30	495	250	240
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	0	0	60	40	20
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	16,065	15,175	885	43,545	41,105	2,445
04. Architecture and related services	335	240	95	590	440	150
14. Engineering	1,485	1,305	185	3,385	2,960	430
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	3,520	3,175	345	11,675	10,575	1,095
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	10	0	0
46. Construction trades	3,685	3,605	80	8,260	8,000	260
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,965	4,865	95	13,615	13,320	295
48. Precision production	2,075	1,995	85	6,020	5,810	210
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,290	1,655	630	4,635	3,185	1,450
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	425	235	190	1,325	715	610
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,860	1,420	440	3,310	2,470	840
Health and related fields	12,345	2,280	10,065	32,510	5,445	27,070
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	945	410	535	2,285	1,175	1,115
51. Health professions and related programs	11,215	1,785	9,435	29,755	3,965	25,790
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	185	85	95	470	305	165
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,845	3,470	2,370	15,505	8,525	6,980
12. Personal and culinary services	2,295	580	1,710	6,520	1,430	5,090
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	10	40	35	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	70	65	0
43. Security and protective services	1,600	1,090	515	4,725	3,175	1,550
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,930	1,785	145	4,150	3,820	335
Other	10	0	10	35	10	35
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	0	35	0	30
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	187,740	92,840	94,900	456,170	223,745	232,420
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	95,730	47,690	48,040	224,340	110,180	114,160
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	92,010	45,150	46,860	231,830	113,570	118,260
Location of study inside Canada	86,680	42,480	44,205	220,440	107,490	112,945
Same as province or territory of residence	77,120	38,020	39,100	210,895	102,655	108,245
Different than province or territory of residence	9,560	4,460	5,105	9,540	4,835	4,705
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	5,325	2,675	2,655	11,390	6,080	5,315
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	2,240	1,110	1,130	4,640	2,525	2,120
Philippines	325	100	225	345	90	255
India	270	135	130	685	330	355
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	525	280	245	1,520	845	675
China^{Census data footnote 162}	95	55	40	175	50	125
France	40	20	15	100	50	45
Other	1,840	970	875	3,930	2,190	1,745
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	119,995	59,315	60,680	288,365	141,660	146,705
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	51,060	26,200	24,860	114,160	58,550	55,615
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	68,935	33,115	35,820	174,200	83,110	91,090
Location of study inside Canada	65,550	31,535	34,015	166,915	79,510	87,405
Same as province or territory of residence	58,540	28,350	30,185	160,270	76,135	84,135
Different than province or territory of residence	7,010	3,180	3,825	6,640	3,380	3,265
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	3,390	1,585	1,805	7,290	3,600	3,690
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	1,415	595	820	3,210	1,630	1,585
Philippines	275	85	185	270	65	205
India	185	105	85	595	295	300
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	220	120	95	610	335	275
China^{Census data footnote 162}	85	45	35	165	50	115
France	30	20	15	65	30	30
Other	1,180	605	570	2,375	1,195	1,180
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	187,740	92,840	94,900	456,165	223,750	232,420
In the labour force	113,320	58,235	55,085	267,400	138,310	129,085
Employed	102,865	51,795	51,075	242,415	123,010	119,400
Unemployed	10,455	6,445	4,015	24,985	15,295	9,685
Not in the labour force	74,420	34,605	39,815	188,770	85,440	103,335
Participation rate	60.4	62.7	58.0	58.6	61.8	55.5
Employment rate	54.8	55.8	53.8	53.1	55.0	51.4
Unemployment rate	9.2	11.1	7.3	9.3	11.1	7.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	187,740	92,840	94,900	456,165	223,750	232,420
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	67,830	31,295	36,530	174,030	77,435	96,595
Worked	119,905	61,540	58,365	282,135	146,315	135,820
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	58,375	31,665	26,715	140,180	77,795	62,385
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	61,535	29,880	31,655	141,960	68,525	73,435
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.5	41.2	41.8	42.1	42.1	42.1
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	113,320	58,235	55,085	267,395	138,310	129,085
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	2,695	1,570	1,130	5,440	2,755	2,690
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	110,620	56,665	53,955	261,955	135,555	126,395
Employee	101,850	51,275	50,570	237,945	120,695	117,250
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	8,775	5,390	3,385	24,005	14,860	9,145
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	113,320	58,235	55,085	267,400	138,315	129,090
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	2,695	1,565	1,130	5,445	2,755	2,690
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	110,625	56,670	53,955	261,955	135,555	126,395
0 Management occupations	9,690	5,660	4,030	24,115	14,630	9,490
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	14,765	3,475	11,285	36,185	8,505	27,680
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,600	4,615	990	13,425	10,700	2,725
3 Health occupations	9,435	1,845	7,585	21,965	3,755	18,210
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	17,175	5,345	11,825	32,050	9,455	22,595
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,100	855	1,245	4,560	1,835	2,725
6 Sales and service occupations	25,750	10,690	15,055	62,525	24,520	38,005
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	19,255	18,185	1,065	47,380	44,575	2,805
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,785	3,285	495	11,445	10,500	945
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,075	2,695	380	8,300	7,080	1,220
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	113,320	58,235	55,085	267,400	138,310	129,085
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	2,695	1,565	1,130	5,445	2,750	2,690
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	110,625	56,670	53,955	261,955	135,555	126,395
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,955	2,260	695	4,870	3,635	1,240
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	3,390	2,930	460	15,525	14,050	1,475
22 Utilities	1,260	1,090	170	2,535	1,980	555
23 Construction	8,805	7,865	940	21,080	18,825	2,255
31-33 Manufacturing	5,650	4,710	940	16,625	13,995	2,635
41 Wholesale trade	2,095	1,590	500	6,170	4,830	1,340
44-45 Retail trade	13,110	6,160	6,950	33,295	15,225	18,070
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	5,925	4,665	1,265	12,270	9,020	3,255
51 Information and cultural industries	1,705	995	710	3,285	1,650	1,635
52 Finance and insurance	2,165	640	1,525	6,055	1,965	4,090
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,290	760	525	3,605	2,130	1,475
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,415	2,305	2,110	10,365	5,245	5,120
55 Management of companies and enterprises	35	20	15	135	95	45
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,250	1,875	1,380	10,950	6,075	4,870
61 Educational services	10,270	3,055	7,215	20,805	5,930	14,870
62 Health care and social assistance	19,135	3,725	15,410	39,260	6,125	33,135
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,785	890	895	4,895	2,490	2,410
72 Accommodation and food services	8,645	3,300	5,345	19,470	7,015	12,460
81 Other services (except public administration)	4,620	2,225	2,395	11,140	5,510	5,630
91 Public administration	10,125	5,600	4,520	19,620	9,770	9,850
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	102,865	51,795	51,070	242,415	123,015	119,400
Worked at home	4,335	2,005	2,330	12,440	6,115	6,330
Worked outside Canada	250	140	110	525	335	190
No fixed workplace address	11,500	8,720	2,780	26,830	20,240	6,590
Worked at usual place	86,775	40,930	45,845	202,625	96,330	106,290
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	86,780	40,930	45,850	202,620	96,325	106,295
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	68,475	31,310	37,170	159,205	73,520	85,685
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	16,120	8,155	7,970	27,160	13,275	13,890
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,620	1,075	545	14,970	8,480	6,485
Commute to a different province or territory	560	395	170	1,280	1,045	230
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	98,280	49,645	48,630	229,450	116,565	112,885
Car, truck, van - as a driver	79,555	40,580	38,975	186,505	96,830	89,670
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	6,300	2,835	3,460	15,750	6,875	8,875
Public transit	2,425	1,085	1,340	7,730	3,320	4,415
Walked	7,550	3,460	4,095	14,590	6,205	8,385
Bicycle	915	640	275	1,485	1,125	365
Other method	1,530	1,050	480	3,395	2,215	1,175
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	98,280	49,650	48,630	229,450	116,570	112,885
Less than 15 minutes	51,870	24,185	27,685	104,230	48,095	56,135
15 to 29 minutes	32,125	16,715	15,410	75,550	38,150	37,400
30 to 44 minutes	8,310	4,740	3,565	28,105	15,775	12,330
45 to 59 minutes	2,180	1,230	950	10,380	6,265	4,115
60 minutes and over	3,800	2,780	1,020	11,190	8,285	2,905
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	98,275	49,645	48,630	229,450	116,570	112,885
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	5,560	4,145	1,415	17,435	13,655	3,780
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	12,945	7,965	4,985	41,330	26,230	15,100
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	25,370	14,005	11,365	63,290	32,240	31,045
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	28,320	10,405	17,910	52,295	18,230	34,065
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	10,660	4,260	6,395	19,475	7,100	12,370
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	15,430	8,865	6,565	35,635	19,115	16,525
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	123,535	63,270	60,265	290,610	150,225	140,390
Single responses	122,550	62,840	59,710	281,950	146,505	135,450
Official languages	121,325	62,185	59,140	281,175	146,105	135,070
English	120,535	61,895	58,640	263,705	139,300	124,410
French	785	285	500	17,465	6,805	10,660
Non-official languages	1,225	660	570	775	395	375
Aboriginal languages	1,145	625	525	240	110	125
Algonquian languages	1,150	620	530	230	110	125
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	260	165	90	90	45	45
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	255	165	90	95	45	45
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	890	460	435	135	60	75
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	345	170	175	135	50	75
Oji-Cree	545	290	255	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	75	35	45	535	285	250
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	10	0	10	10	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	10	0	10	10	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	10	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	10	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	40	20	20	340	160	175
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	0	10	0	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	10	0	0	10
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	10	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	0	10	265	130	135
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	15	10	10
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	10	250	125	130
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	10	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	20	10	55	35	25
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	20	20	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	30	20	10	25	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	10	0	10
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	10	10	35	25	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	20	15	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	0	0	15	10	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	0	125	80	45
Chinese languages	15	10	10	125	80	45
Cantonese	10	10	0	70	50	30
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	0	10	40	15	20
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	20	0	10
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	10	0	10
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	980	430	550	8,665	3,720	4,945
English and French	310	140	170	8,270	3,545	4,725
English and non-official language	665	285	375	330	135	195
French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	10
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	60	35	20
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	123,530	63,270	60,260	290,610	150,220	140,390
None	115,755	59,645	56,110	237,655	125,535	112,125
English	1,325	600	730	11,120	4,665	6,455
French	2,080	1,015	1,070	39,270	18,790	20,485
Non-official language	4,300	1,985	2,310	2,385	1,145	1,240
Aboriginal	3,685	1,675	2,015	1,245	520	730
Non-Aboriginal	610	315	295	1,140	630	510
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	20	20	10
French and non-official language	65	20	50	150	70	80
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	225,020	112,055	112,960	533,415	263,145	270,265
Non-movers	200,330	99,970	100,365	471,690	233,505	238,185
Movers	24,690	12,085	12,595	61,725	29,645	32,080
Non-migrants	15,535	7,570	7,960	40,035	18,935	21,100
Migrants	9,150	4,515	4,640	21,690	10,710	10,980
Internal migrants	8,545	4,255	4,295	20,635	10,195	10,440
Intraprovincial migrants	6,750	3,280	3,475	18,695	9,160	9,530
Interprovincial migrants	1,795	970	820	1,940	1,035	905
External migrants	605	260	345	1,060	515	545
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	214,610	106,705	107,900	511,745	251,950	259,795
Non-movers	149,200	74,500	74,700	340,760	169,310	171,450
Movers	65,415	32,210	33,205	170,985	82,645	88,345
Non-migrants	40,720	19,900	20,815	106,080	51,155	54,925
Migrants	24,700	12,310	12,385	64,905	31,480	33,420
Internal migrants	22,590	11,295	11,295	61,360	29,725	31,630
Intraprovincial migrants	17,705	8,740	8,965	55,740	26,810	28,930
Interprovincial migrants	4,885	2,560	2,325	5,615	2,920	2,695
External migrants	2,105	1,010	1,090	3,550	1,760	1,790

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 44 referrer

Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 45 referrer

Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Return to footnote 46 referrer

Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Return to footnote 47 referrer

Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 48 referrer

Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Northwest [Economic region], Ontario and Northeast [Economic region], Ontario (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed January 16, 2026).

Date modified:: 2024-07-12

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Northwest [Economic region], Ontario and Northeast [Economic region], Ontario

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Northwest [Economic region], Ontario and Northeast [Economic region], Ontario