Census Profile, 2016 Census
Manicouagan [Federal electoral district], Quebec and Cowansville [Census agglomeration], Quebec

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Manicouagan Quebec [Federal electoral district]			Cowansville Quebec [Census agglomeration]
	Data quality , Manicouagan [Federal electoral district], Quebec Map : Manicouagan [Federal electoral district], Quebec Change geography 1			Data quality : Cowansville [Census agglomeration], Quebec Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	92,518	...	...	13,656	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	94,766	...	...	12,489	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	-2.4	...	...	9.3	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	45,156	...	...	6,272	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	39,946	...	...	5,992	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	0.4	...	...	291.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	247,655.33	...	...	46.89	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	92,515	46,660	45,860	13,655	6,925	6,730
0 to 14 years	15,445	7,830	7,610	2,055	1,080	980
0 to 4 years	4,925	2,515	2,410	665	360	305
5 to 9 years	5,445	2,735	2,715	715	365	350
10 to 14 years	5,070	2,585	2,485	680	355	320
15 to 64 years	60,855	31,040	29,815	8,540	4,505	4,030
15 to 19 years	5,075	2,550	2,525	725	375	345
20 to 24 years	4,930	2,555	2,375	745	405	345
25 to 29 years	4,875	2,480	2,395	785	435	345
30 to 34 years	5,185	2,670	2,520	790	455	340
35 to 39 years	5,655	2,820	2,835	805	425	375
40 to 44 years	5,660	2,920	2,740	735	380	355
45 to 49 years	6,310	3,140	3,165	820	455	365
50 to 54 years	8,035	4,055	3,975	1,005	510	495
55 to 59 years	8,220	4,245	3,975	1,090	550	540
60 to 64 years	6,910	3,605	3,305	1,035	510	525
65 years and over	16,220	7,790	8,430	3,060	1,340	1,720
65 to 69 years	5,510	2,820	2,685	945	430	520
70 to 74 years	4,095	2,035	2,060	715	345	370
75 to 79 years	2,905	1,410	1,495	580	250	325
80 to 84 years	2,070	910	1,160	415	190	225
85 years and over	1,640	615	1,025	405	125	285
85 to 89 years	1,135	460	670	270	95	180
90 to 94 years	410	135	280	105	25	80
95 to 99 years	90	15	75	30	5	25
100 years and over	10	0	10	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.7	16.8	16.6	15.0	15.6	14.6
15 to 64 years	65.8	66.5	65.0	62.5	65.1	59.9
65 years and over	17.5	16.7	18.4	22.4	19.4	25.6
85 years and over	1.8	1.3	2.2	3.0	1.8	4.2
Average age of the population	42.2	41.9	42.6	44.2	42.6	46.0
Median age of the population	44.5	44.1	44.9	46.2	43.7	49.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	39,945	...	...	5,995	...	...
Single-detached house	24,390	...	...	2,615	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	530	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	11,550	...	...	3,380	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,220	...	...	290	...	...
Row house	1,240	...	...	75	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,345	...	...	540	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,610	...	...	2,410	...	...
Other single-attached house	140	...	...	65	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	3,475	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	39,945	...	...	5,990	...	...
1 person	12,430	...	...	2,145	...	...
2 persons	14,765	...	...	2,230	...	...
3 persons	5,840	...	...	740	...	...
4 persons	4,600	...	...	575	...	...
5 or more persons	2,320	...	...	300	...	...
Number of persons in private households	90,685	...	...	12,745	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	77,075	38,830	38,245	11,600	5,845	5,750
Married or living common law	45,615	22,835	22,780	6,275	3,180	3,095
Married	23,685	11,895	11,795	3,660	1,870	1,790
Living common law	21,925	10,940	10,990	2,615	1,310	1,305
Not married and not living common law	31,460	16,000	15,465	5,325	2,665	2,660
Never married	22,025	12,425	9,595	3,265	1,920	1,340
Separated	865	460	405	170	95	80
Divorced	4,015	1,985	2,030	1,070	465	600
Widowed	4,560	1,130	3,430	815	185	635
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	27,060	...	...	3,715	...	...
2 persons	15,105	...	...	2,215	...	...
3 persons	5,765	...	...	690	...	...
4 persons	4,360	...	...	540	...	...
5 or more persons	1,820	...	...	270	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	27,055	...	...	3,715	...	...
Total couple families	22,435	...	...	3,025	...	...
Married couples	11,485	...	...	1,720	...	...
Common-law couples	10,955	...	...	1,305	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	4,620	...	...	690	...	...
Female parent	3,325	...	...	530	...	...
Male parent	1,300	...	...	160	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	22,435	...	...	3,025	...	...
Couples without children	12,245	...	...	1,790	...	...
Couples with children	10,190	...	...	1,235	...	...
1 child	4,485	...	...	495	...	...
2 children	4,025	...	...	485	...	...
3 or more children	1,680	...	...	255	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	4,620	...	...	690	...	...
1 child	2,865	...	...	425	...	...
2 children	1,280	...	...	195	...	...
3 or more children	480	...	...	70	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	15,960	8,625	7,335	2,655	1,285	1,370
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	39,945	...	...	5,990	...	...
One-census-family households	26,125	...	...	3,660	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	11,975	...	...	1,760	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	14,145	...	...	1,895	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	455	...	...	30	...	...
Non-census-family households	13,370	...	...	2,305	...	...
One-person households	12,425	...	...	2,145	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	940	...	...	165	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	91,580	46,145	45,435	12,810	6,320	6,495
English only	3,050	1,530	1,520	725	365	360
French only	69,045	33,630	35,410	5,595	2,655	2,940
English and French	19,050	10,770	8,275	6,490	3,300	3,195
Neither English nor French	440	210	225	5	0	5
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	91,580	46,145	45,435	12,810	6,315	6,495
English	4,740	2,350	2,390	2,165	1,080	1,090
French	85,540	43,125	42,415	10,520	5,185	5,335
English and French	880	465	415	125	55	70
Neither English nor French	425	205	215	5	0	0
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	5,180	2,580	2,595	2,230	1,105	1,125
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	5.7	5.6	5.7	17.4	17.5	17.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	91,580	46,150	45,435	12,815	6,320	6,490
Single responses	90,745	45,725	45,020	12,540	6,185	6,355
Official languages	81,665	41,295	40,370	12,330	6,085	6,245
English	4,125	2,040	2,085	2,015	1,000	1,010
French	77,545	39,260	38,285	10,315	5,085	5,235
Non-official languages	9,080	4,430	4,655	215	100	110
Aboriginal languages	8,470	4,105	4,365	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	8,450	4,100	4,345	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	8,440	4,100	4,345	0	0	0
Atikamekw	10	10	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	7,850	3,805	4,045	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	565	275	295	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	20	15	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	0	5	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	610	320	290	215	105	115
Afro-Asiatic languages	115	70	50	15	10	10
Berber languages	25	15	10	0	0	0
Kabyle	15	5	5	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	5	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	95	60	30	10	10	10
Amharic	5	0	5	0	0	0
Arabic	85	55	35	15	10	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	20	5	15	5	0	5
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	10	0	5	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	10	0	0	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	15	5	10	0	0	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	5	10	5	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	345	175	170	165	75	90
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	15	15	30	15	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	5
Slavic languages	30	15	15	30	15	15
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	5	0	5	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	5	5	5	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	5	15	10	10
Russian	10	5	5	5	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	30	15	15	40	15	30
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	5	0	0
Dutch	5	0	0	10	5	5
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	20	15	10	30	10	20
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	5	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Greek	5	0	0	10	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	5	5	5	10	5	0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	0	0	10	5	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	10	10	5
Hindi	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	270	135	140	70	35	35
Catalan	0	0	0	5	5	0
Italian	90	50	35	20	10	10
Portuguese	55	20	30	5	0	0
Romanian	35	20	15	0	0	0
Spanish	95	45	50	45	20	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	5	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	65	40	30	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	5	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	10	5	10	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	10	0	5	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	5	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	5	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	10	10	5	10
Chinese languages	20	10	10	15	5	10
Cantonese	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	5	5	10	5	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	5	0	5	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	10	5	5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	5	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	5	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	835	425	415	270	130	140
English and French	410	210	205	240	115	130
English and non-official language	30	20	15	10	5	5
French and non-official language	355	180	180	10	10	5
English, French and non-official language	35	15	20	5	5	5
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	91,580	46,145	45,435	12,810	6,315	6,490
Single responses	90,430	45,590	44,840	12,475	6,170	6,305
Official languages	82,640	41,760	40,885	12,390	6,125	6,270
English	4,000	1,970	2,030	2,020	1,005	1,015
French	78,640	39,785	38,855	10,370	5,120	5,255
Non-official languages	7,790	3,835	3,955	85	45	40
Aboriginal languages	7,610	3,740	3,870	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	7,600	3,735	3,860	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	7,595	3,735	3,860	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	7,010	3,440	3,575	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	575	290	290	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	10	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	5	5	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	180	100	80	85	45	40
Afro-Asiatic languages	40	25	15	0	0	0
Berber languages	10	10	5	0	0	0
Kabyle	10	5	5	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	25	15	10	0	5	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	25	15	10	0	5	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	95	50	45	60	30	30
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	5	5	5	0	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	10	5	5	5	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0	5	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	5	0	0
Russian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	0	5	10	5	5
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	5	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	5	5	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	5	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	10	5	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	10	5	5
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	5
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	85	40	40	40	15	20
Catalan	0	0	0	5	0	0
Italian	15	10	10	0	0	5
Portuguese	10	10	0	0	5	0
Romanian	15	5	10	0	0	0
Spanish	40	20	20	30	15	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	10	0	5	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	5	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	5	5	5	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	5	5	5	5	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	5	0	5	5	5
Chinese languages	10	5	5	5	5	5
Cantonese	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	0	5	5	5	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	10	5	5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,150	555	595	335	145	185
English and French	350	165	180	305	130	170
English and non-official language	20	10	10	15	10	10
French and non-official language	735	350	385	15	10	5
English, French and non-official language	45	25	15	0	5	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	91,580	46,150	45,435	12,810	6,320	6,490
None	83,685	42,170	41,510	10,845	5,350	5,495
English	2,700	1,495	1,205	1,220	600	615
French	3,830	1,820	2,010	620	310	315
Non-official language	1,160	555	610	90	40	50
Aboriginal	835	385	455	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	325	175	150	90	45	45
English and French	80	45	35	5	0	0
English and non-official language	75	35	45	20	10	10
French and non-official language	40	20	20	10	10	10
English, French and non-official language	10	5	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	75,270	37,995	37,275	10,685	5,215	5,475
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	72,950	37,050	35,895	10,415	5,080	5,340
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,204	43,781	27,146	29,097	34,185	24,983
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	72,980	37,050	35,930	10,420	5,080	5,340
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,242	37,608	24,887	26,633	29,952	23,518
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	63,970	33,770	30,205	8,970	4,515	4,455
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,228	40,557	23,474	25,824	31,346	21,329
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	55,620	26,250	29,375	8,440	3,935	4,510
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,862	8,965	8,765	8,986	7,718	10,152
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	54,130	29,105	25,025	7,015	3,670	3,350
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,086	41,494	25,091	27,872	32,418	23,739
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	75,255	37,955	37,295	10,690	5,210	5,475
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	72,880	36,970	35,910	10,420	5,080	5,340
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,199	53,864	34,248	35,209	40,252	30,412
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	72,915	36,970	35,950	10,420	5,080	5,340
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,199	42,920	29,288	30,047	33,617	26,650
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	64,025	33,765	30,260	9,015	4,555	4,455
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,760	51,253	31,167	31,681	37,273	25,959
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	56,025	26,420	29,605	8,460	3,900	4,560
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	9,771	9,866	9,686	9,609	8,861	10,249
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	54,130	29,035	25,100	7,015	3,660	3,360
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,436	50,978	32,554	32,619	37,260	27,559
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	75,255	37,960	37,300	10,690	5,215	5,475
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	21,780	11,870	9,910	2,940	1,635	1,300
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	54,027	68,000	42,817	40,103	45,028	35,140
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	62,814	74,929	48,304	46,408	51,068	40,542
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	83.2	87.2	76.6	77.9	83.0	71.6
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	71.1	74.0	66.2	62.6	67.3	56.9
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	16.8	12.9	23.4	22.2	17.1	28.4
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	75,270	37,995	37,275	10,685	5,210	5,475
Without total income	2,320	945	1,375	270	135	135
With total income	72,945	37,050	35,900	10,420	5,080	5,340
Percentage with total income	96.9	97.5	96.3	97.5	97.5	97.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,790	3,440	5,345	1,165	535	630
$10,000 to $19,999	12,105	4,230	7,880	2,215	825	1,395
$20,000 to $29,999	10,525	4,265	6,255	1,990	875	1,115
$30,000 to $39,999	9,740	4,895	4,845	1,640	815	820
$40,000 to $49,999	8,215	4,240	3,975	1,245	670	575
$50,000 to $59,999	5,855	3,350	2,500	795	470	320
$60,000 to $69,999	3,975	2,455	1,525	530	335	195
$70,000 to $79,999	3,045	1,885	1,155	295	185	110
$80,000 to $89,999	2,565	1,635	930	180	120	60
$90,000 to $99,999	1,910	1,355	550	115	80	40
$100,000 and over	6,230	5,290	940	250	170	75
$100,000 to $149,999	5,180	4,415	770	170	120	55
$150,000 and over	1,045	875	170	80	60	20
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	75,270	37,990	37,275	10,690	5,215	5,475
Without after-tax income	2,285	945	1,345	270	135	135
With after-tax income	72,985	37,050	35,930	10,420	5,080	5,345
Percentage with after-tax income	97.0	97.5	96.4	97.5	97.4	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,140	3,485	5,650	1,210	540	670
$10,000 to $19,999	12,815	4,465	8,345	2,340	880	1,460
$20,000 to $29,999	12,925	5,585	7,340	2,425	1,120	1,305
$30,000 to $39,999	12,235	6,445	5,785	1,965	1,020	940
$40,000 to $49,999	8,560	4,845	3,715	1,185	675	510
$50,000 to $59,999	5,240	3,195	2,050	630	395	230
$60,000 to $69,999	4,140	2,615	1,525	305	200	110
$70,000 to $79,999	3,100	2,360	740	145	95	50
$80,000 and over	4,835	4,050	785	215	150	65
$80,000 to $89,999	2,125	1,775	350	70	55	25
$90,000 to $99,999	1,230	1,045	190	35	20	10
$100,000 and over	1,480	1,240	245	105	75	30
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	75,270	37,995	37,275	10,690	5,215	5,475
Without employment income	21,140	8,890	12,250	3,670	1,545	2,130
With employment income	54,130	29,105	25,025	7,020	3,670	3,350
Percentage with employment income	71.9	76.6	67.1	65.7	70.4	61.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,980	4,400	3,580	1,005	485	520
$5,000 to $9,999	4,245	1,750	2,495	605	265	345
$10,000 to $19,999	7,550	3,080	4,470	1,050	465	585
$20,000 to $29,999	6,105	2,520	3,580	1,070	480	590
$30,000 to $39,999	5,520	2,425	3,100	1,090	570	520
$40,000 to $49,999	4,875	2,500	2,375	740	415	320
$50,000 to $59,999	3,695	2,130	1,560	525	345	180
$60,000 to $69,999	2,645	1,570	1,075	335	235	95
$70,000 to $79,999	2,510	1,555	955	215	145	75
$80,000 and over	9,005	7,175	1,830	385	265	120
$80,000 to $89,999	2,115	1,360	755	145	100	50
$90,000 to $99,999	1,615	1,210	405	85	55	25
$100,000 and over	5,275	4,605	670	160	115	45
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	39,945	...	...	5,990	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	66,097	...	...	49,508	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	56,970	...	...	44,557	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	12,430	...	...	2,145	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	33,690	...	...	25,893	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	29,988	...	...	24,410	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	27,520	...	...	3,850	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	84,934	...	...	67,183	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	72,325	...	...	59,494	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	39,945	...	...	5,990	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	80,638	...	...	61,230	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	66,078	...	...	52,253	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	12,405	...	...	2,145	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	43,322	...	...	31,035	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,500	...	...	27,240	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	27,545	...	...	3,845	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	97,444	...	...	78,115	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	79,850	...	...	66,240	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	39,950	...	...	5,990	...	...
Under $5,000	425	...	...	55	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	475	...	...	120	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,120	...	...	265	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,940	...	...	385	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,850	...	...	430	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,520	...	...	345	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,885	...	...	390	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,995	...	...	395	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,875	...	...	335	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,810	...	...	320	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,235	...	...	530	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,935	...	...	490	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,575	...	...	425	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,275	...	...	315	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,965	...	...	285	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,065	...	...	905	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,140	...	...	420	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,060	...	...	235	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,295	...	...	160	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,565	...	...	90	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	39,950	...	...	5,990	...	...
Under $5,000	435	...	...	60	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	495	...	...	125	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,130	...	...	265	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,025	...	...	410	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,065	...	...	485	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,870	...	...	400	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,365	...	...	490	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,425	...	...	410	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,215	...	...	375	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,170	...	...	370	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,840	...	...	625	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,405	...	...	565	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,975	...	...	375	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,525	...	...	310	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,170	...	...	205	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,825	...	...	510	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,965	...	...	300	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,180	...	...	110	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,675	...	...	105	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	26,910	...	...	3,725	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	84,970	...	...	67,316	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	72,296	...	...	59,595	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	11,755	...	...	1,730	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	72,815	...	...	60,877	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	62,211	...	...	53,874	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	10,285	...	...	1,250	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	121,390	...	...	92,416	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	99,938	...	...	79,061	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,285	...	...	675	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	51,825	...	...	44,075	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,469	...	...	40,981	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	26,940	...	...	3,730	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	97,488	...	...	78,019	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	79,800	...	...	66,113	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	11,730	...	...	1,730	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	84,930	...	...	73,725	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	69,651	...	...	62,074	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	10,290	...	...	1,240	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	128,101	...	...	100,841	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	103,329	...	...	84,957	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,265	...	...	680	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	60,603	...	...	48,757	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,513	...	...	42,929	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	14,290	7,810	6,485	2,480	1,205	1,275
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	32,379	38,755	25,069	25,126	28,480	23,258
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,025	33,317	24,000	23,888	25,952	22,738
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	14,205	7,760	6,445	2,475	1,235	1,240
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	41,878	48,744	33,610	30,634	32,927	28,344
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	34,479	38,922	29,130	26,848	28,200	25,496
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	90,685	45,800	44,875	12,745	6,295	6,450
In the bottom half of the distribution	45,965	22,415	23,550	8,715	4,210	4,505
In the bottom decile	7,275	3,380	3,890	1,425	665	765
In the second decile	8,735	3,905	4,825	1,790	785	1,010
In the third decile	9,780	4,810	4,970	2,060	1,020	1,040
In the fourth decile	10,165	5,205	4,965	1,800	925	875
In the fifth decile	10,015	5,115	4,895	1,635	815	815
In the top half of the distribution	44,720	23,385	21,330	4,030	2,090	1,945
In the sixth decile	9,990	5,110	4,875	1,440	745	695
In the seventh decile	10,155	5,240	4,915	1,070	565	505
In the eighth decile	9,870	5,135	4,735	730	375	355
In the ninth decile	9,235	4,890	4,340	470	245	225
In the top decile	5,470	3,010	2,460	320	160	165
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	81,165	41,110	40,060	12,745	6,295	6,450
0 to 17 years	15,225	7,690	7,535	2,490	1,305	1,185
0 to 5 years	4,900	2,470	2,430	790	420	370
18 to 64 years	51,610	26,355	25,255	7,575	3,760	3,805
65 years and over	14,330	7,060	7,265	2,685	1,225	1,460
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	8,395	3,735	4,660	2,315	1,025	1,285
0 to 17 years	1,385	725	655	495	250	245
0 to 5 years	425	225	200	165	80	90
18 to 64 years	4,285	2,005	2,280	1,315	605	715
65 years and over	2,725	995	1,725	505	175	330
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.3	9.1	11.6	18.2	16.3	19.9
0 to 17 years (%)	9.1	9.4	8.7	19.9	19.2	20.7
0 to 5 years (%)	8.7	9.1	8.2	20.9	19.0	24.3
18 to 64 years (%)	8.3	7.6	9.0	17.4	16.1	18.8
65 years and over (%)	19.0	14.1	23.7	18.8	14.3	22.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,885	1,440	1,445	980	490	485
0 to 17 years	475	250	225	210	105	105
0 to 5 years	160	85	75	70	30	40
18 to 64 years	2,225	1,135	1,090	730	370	360
65 years and over	185	55	130	35	10	25
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.6	3.5	3.6	7.7	7.8	7.5
0 to 17 years (%)	3.1	3.3	3.0	8.4	8.0	8.9
0 to 5 years (%)	3.3	3.4	3.1	8.9	7.1	10.8
18 to 64 years (%)	4.3	4.3	4.3	9.6	9.8	9.5
65 years and over (%)	1.3	0.8	1.8	1.3	0.8	1.7
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	90,685	45,810	44,870	12,745	6,290	6,450
Official languages	90,240	45,595	44,640	12,740	6,290	6,445
English	21,795	11,980	9,815	7,190	3,720	3,475
French	87,210	44,080	43,130	12,025	5,940	6,085
Non-official languages	11,005	5,345	5,660	620	305	315
Aboriginal languages	9,210	4,470	4,740	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	9,185	4,455	4,730	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	9,185	4,455	4,730	0	0	0
Atikamekw	10	10	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	8,640	4,185	4,460	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	735	370	365	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	45	25	15	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Algonquin	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,815	880	935	620	310	315
Afro-Asiatic languages	165	120	50	35	25	15
Berber languages	35	25	15	0	0	0
Kabyle	15	15	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	140	100	35	35	20	15
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	135	105	35	35	20	15
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	10	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	40	15	25	10	10	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	10	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	25	0	15	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	65	25	35	10	10	0
Haitian Creole	10	10	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	60	20	40	10	0	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kannada	0	0	0	20	10	10
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,300	610	695	490	235	255
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	40	20	25	55	30	25
Baltic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Slavic languages	40	20	20	45	20	25
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	10	0	10	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	10	10	10	30	10	15
Russian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	0	0	15	10	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	115	60	50	35	20	15
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	15	15	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	10	0	10
German	95	50	40	30	15	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	15	10	0	25	15	15
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	10	30	15	10
Indo-Aryan languages	10	10	0	25	15	10
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	25	15	10
Hindi	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	0	10	0	10	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	10	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,170	545	630	355	165	190
Catalan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Italian	195	90	105	35	0	25
Portuguese	60	20	40	25	15	15
Romanian	15	15	10	0	0	0
Spanish	920	430	495	320	150	170
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	40	10	30	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	85	45	40	30	20	15
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	25	10	15	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	10	0	30	15	10
Wolof	30	15	10	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	30	0	0	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	120	60	60	10	0	10
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	50	25	25	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	75	30	35	10	0	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	15	0	25	10	15
Chinese languages	25	15	10	30	10	15
Cantonese	10	10	0	10	0	10
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	10	0	20	10	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	15	10	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	30	20	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	25	20	15
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	90,680	45,815	44,870	12,745	6,290	6,450
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	90,220	45,570	44,645	12,590	6,220	6,370
Canadian citizens aged under 18	18,530	9,400	9,130	2,450	1,270	1,180
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	71,690	36,170	35,515	10,140	4,950	5,185
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	460	240	220	155	75	80
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	90,680	45,810	44,870	12,745	6,290	6,455
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	89,505	45,190	44,315	12,300	6,085	6,210
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	1,095	600	495	440	200	235
Before 1981	295	185	115	150	60	85
1981 to 1990	90	55	35	30	10	20
1991 to 2000	110	60	45	45	25	20
2001 to 2010	350	160	190	140	70	75
2001 to 2005	125	65	65	55	30	25
2006 to 2010	225	95	125	85	35	50
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	245	140	105	65	30	30
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	85	20	65	15	10	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	1,095	600	495	435	200	235
Under 5 years	210	90	125	65	25	30
5 to 14 years	135	90	50	70	25	45
15 to 24 years	170	85	85	80	30	55
25 to 44 years	540	315	225	175	100	75
45 years and over	35	25	10	45	20	30
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	1,090	600	495	440	205	235
Americas	180	90	90	120	45	75
Brazil	10	10	0	0	0	0
Colombia	25	15	15	10	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	65	40	30	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	10	0	10	10	0	10
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	30	20	10	75	30	50
Other places of birth in Americas	30	10	20	25	10	20
Europe	480	290	190	195	100	95
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	230	140	90	100	50	50
Germany	25	20	0	10	0	10
Greece	0	0	0	0	10	10
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	90	55	35	10	10	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	10	0	10
Poland	0	0	0	15	10	10
Portugal	15	0	15	0	0	0
Romania	25	20	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	10	0	10	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	30	10	15	15	0	15
Other places of birth in Europe	45	30	15	35	30	10
Africa	300	170	130	45	30	15
Algeria	40	30	10	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	10	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	65	35	25	10	10	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	10	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	195	100	90	30	10	15
Asia	140	45	90	75	25	40
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	55	10	45	20	0	15
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	25	10	10
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	20	10	10	0	0	0
Lebanon	10	10	0	10	10	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	10	0	0	10	0	10
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	10	0	0	0
Viet Nam	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	10	15	15	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	250	140	110	65	30	35
Americas	45	25	20	15	15	0
Brazil	10	10	10	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	10	10	0
Haiti	25	10	15	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	10
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	75	35	40	35	15	20
France	50	20	25	30	10	15
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	10	10	10	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	10	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Africa	115	75	45	10	10	10
Algeria	15	10	10	0	0	0
Cameroon	10	10	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	40	20	20	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	40	30	10	0	0	0
Asia	10	10	0	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	90,680	45,810	44,870	12,745	6,290	6,450
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	1,225	635	590	475	220	250
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	1,215	570	645	715	350	365
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	88,240	44,610	43,630	11,560	5,720	5,835
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	800	420	380	290	135	150
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	425	230	195	115	60	55
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	280	190	85	50	45	0
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	140	35	105	65	15	45
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	350	180	170	140	55	85
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	20	10	15	30	20	10
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	0	10	0	0	10	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	90,685	45,815	44,870	12,745	6,295	6,455
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	16,460	8,435	8,025	255	120	135
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	16,175	8,300	7,880	245	120	130
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	11,145	5,430	5,715	120	40	85
Métis	4,795	2,770	2,025	120	75	45
Inuk (Inuit)	235	100	135	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	155	85	70	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	130	60	70	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	74,225	37,380	36,845	12,490	6,170	6,320
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	90,680	45,815	44,865	12,745	6,290	6,455
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	11,700	5,715	5,985	55	20	30
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	78,985	40,095	38,885	12,690	6,270	6,425
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	90,680	45,815	44,865	12,745	6,295	6,450
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	12,340	6,150	6,195	190	90	100
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	11,910	5,935	5,975	195	90	100
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	10,385	5,100	5,290	150	55	90
Métis single ancestry	1,350	745	600	35	30	10
Inuit single ancestry	180	95	90	0	10	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	425	210	220	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	285	145	140	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	100	45	55	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	30	10	20	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	5,930	3,020	2,910	530	260	270
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	5,605	2,820	2,790	525	255	265
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,485	1,760	1,715	460	225	230
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,865	955	910	70	30	35
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	260	100	160	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	320	205	125	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	195	115	75	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	65	35	30	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	60	45	15	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	72,415	36,650	35,765	12,025	5,940	6,080
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	90,680	45,810	44,870	12,745	6,295	6,450
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	795	335	460	245	140	100
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	10	10	10	30	20	10
Chinese	75	15	65	45	10	40
Black	375	165	210	60	45	10
Filipino	15	0	10	20	15	10
Latin American	90	35	50	30	10	20
Arab	110	80	30	25	20	10
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	25	10	20	15	15	0
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	10	0	10	15	0	0
Korean	25	10	20	0	0	0
Japanese	15	0	15	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	45	15	30	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	89,890	45,480	44,410	12,500	6,150	6,350
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	90,680	45,815	44,870	12,745	6,295	6,450
North American Aboriginal origins	18,270	9,165	9,105	720	350	370
First Nations (North American Indian)	14,525	7,215	7,310	610	290	325
Inuit	710	335	380	0	10	0
Métis	3,795	2,030	1,765	105	60	55
Other North American origins	64,480	32,500	31,980	9,405	4,575	4,830
Acadian	725	325	390	20	0	15
American	235	135	100	100	45	50
Canadian	61,935	31,170	30,770	9,105	4,460	4,650
New Brunswicker	20	10	15	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	45	15	25	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	2,345	1,275	1,065	310	125	190
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	23,980	12,260	11,720	5,110	2,550	2,555
British Isles origins	7,555	3,780	3,775	2,040	975	1,070
Channel Islander	90	45	50	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	2,620	1,305	1,315	995	500	500
Irish	3,950	1,990	1,965	1,015	440	575
Manx	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish	1,730	845	890	425	205	225
Welsh	25	10	10	35	10	25
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	120	80	45	75	45	30
French origins	17,810	9,160	8,650	3,370	1,675	1,690
Alsatian	20	0	20	10	10	10
Breton	85	30	60	15	0	10
Corsican	10	0	0	0	0	0
French	17,740	9,135	8,605	3,360	1,675	1,690
Western European origins (except French origins)	1,005	525	485	380	185	195
Austrian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	155	85	70	95	60	35
Dutch	75	30	45	25	0	25
Flemish	0	0	0	10	10	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	705	380	325	250	110	140
Luxembourger	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	65	40	30	25	15	10
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	80	40	35	45	30	15
Danish	0	0	0	15	0	0
Finnish	10	0	0	10	10	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	45	25	15	20	15	0
Swedish	20	10	15	0	0	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	250	130	125	205	90	120
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	10	10
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	10	10	10	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	0	0	0	15	10	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	0	10	15	10	15
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	110	50	65	85	20	60
Romanian	45	25	20	20	10	10
Russian	40	25	15	10	10	10
Slovak	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ukrainian	40	25	20	75	35	40
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	1,080	500	580	275	145	135
Albanian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	80	55	25	60	40	20
Italian	700	325	375	150	80	75
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	160	60	100	45	15	30
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Spanish	140	45	95	30	25	10
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	15	15	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	215	130	90	25	25	10
Basque	70	50	20	0	0	0
Jewish	20	10	10	0	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	130	65	60	25	20	10
Caribbean origins	190	75	115	35	25	15
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	25	0	25	15	0	10
Dominican	15	10	10	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	125	55	65	20	15	0
Jamaican	0	10	10	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	20	0	20	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	100	35	65	55	25	30
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	10	15	0	10
Colombian	35	20	15	10	10	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	30	10	25	25	10	15
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	10	0	0	0	0	0
African origins	435	220	210	105	60	45
Central and West African origins	140	55	85	15	10	10
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	20	10	20	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	20	10	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	15	0	15	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	10	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	35	15	15	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	20	10	15	0	0	0
Wolof	10	0	10	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	30	15	15	0	0	0
North African origins	195	110	90	65	35	25
Algerian	35	25	10	0	0	0
Berber	50	25	25	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	25	10	10	35	15	20
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	55	30	25	20	20	10
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	45	20	20	10	10	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	45	30	20	0	0	0
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	30	10	20	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tanzanian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	10	10	10	0	0	0
Other African origins	60	35	20	25	15	10
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	60	35	20	20	10	10
Asian origins	350	140	215	185	95	90
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	165	90	80	105	50	50
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	50	40	10	10	10	10
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	15	10	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	75	40	35	55	15	30
Palestinian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	15	0	10	10	10	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	0	0	0	15	10	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	20	0	15	25	15	10
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	10	10	10	30	15	10
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	10	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	175	45	130	55	25	25
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Chinese	90	20	70	20	0	15
Filipino	15	0	10	20	10	10
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	15	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	30	15	15	0	0	0
Laotian	10	0	0	10	10	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	10	0	10
Thai	15	0	15	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	0	0	0	10	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	10	10	0	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	10	10	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	39,950	...	...	5,990	...	...
Owner	27,925	...	...	3,125	...	...
Renter	10,315	...	...	2,865	...	...
Band housing	1,710	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	39,950	...	...	5,990	...	...
Condominium	1,500	...	...	385	...	...
Not condominium	38,445	...	...	5,610	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	39,950	...	...	5,990	...	...
No bedrooms	195	...	...	25	...	...
1 bedroom	4,265	...	...	830	...	...
2 bedrooms	10,610	...	...	1,790	...	...
3 bedrooms	14,510	...	...	2,405	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,365	...	...	940	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	39,945	...	...	5,995	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10,625	...	...	2,080	...	...
5 rooms	7,765	...	...	1,375	...	...
6 rooms	5,660	...	...	705	...	...
7 rooms	5,115	...	...	615	...	...
8 or more rooms	10,780	...	...	1,220	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	39,945	...	...	5,990	...	...
One person or fewer per room	39,660	...	...	5,975	...	...
More than 1 person per room	285	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	39,950	...	...	5,990	...	...
Suitable	38,985	...	...	5,850	...	...
Not suitable	960	...	...	140	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	39,945	...	...	5,995	...	...
1960 or before	7,925	...	...	1,495	...	...
1961 to 1980	20,030	...	...	2,115	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,985	...	...	695	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,215	...	...	515	...	...
2001 to 2005	935	...	...	255	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,380	...	...	355	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	1,480	...	...	565	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	39,945	...	...	5,990	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	35,850	...	...	5,645	...	...
Major repairs needed	4,095	...	...	350	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	39,945	...	...	5,990	...	...
1 household maintainer	27,425	...	...	3,860	...	...
2 household maintainers	12,285	...	...	2,085	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	235	...	...	45	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	39,945	...	...	5,990	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,170	...	...	210	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,050	...	...	765	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,420	...	...	905	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,270	...	...	1,075	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,975	...	...	1,210	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,085	...	...	1,075	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,175	...	...	605	...	...
85 years and over	810	...	...	150	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	36,950	...	...	5,990	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	32,705	...	...	4,750	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,250	...	...	1,240	...	...
30% to less than 100%	3,880	...	...	1,145	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	26,845	...	...	3,125	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	56.9	...	...	58.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	7.1	...	...	12.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	764	...	...	851	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	887	...	...	939	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	155,415	...	...	200,273	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	171,374	...	...	224,273	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,120	...	...	2,865	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	16.9	...	...	8.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	23.1	...	...	29.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	601	...	...	616	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	623	...	...	655	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	75,255	37,955	37,300	10,685	5,215	5,475
No certificate, diploma or degree	21,985	10,930	11,050	2,870	1,490	1,380
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	14,765	6,880	7,890	2,980	1,330	1,655
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	38,505	20,145	18,360	4,835	2,395	2,445
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	16,795	11,340	5,460	2,010	1,155	855
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	12,090	7,505	4,585	1,560	795	765
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	4,705	3,835	875	455	365	90
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	12,540	5,370	7,170	1,365	550	810
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,940	640	1,300	295	130	160
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	7,235	2,795	4,435	1,165	555	610
Bachelor's degree	5,370	2,045	3,320	825	335	490
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	525	195	335	125	70	60
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	245	105	145	45	35	15
Master's degree	980	400	575	140	105	30
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	115	55	65	20	10	10
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	50,310	25,460	24,845	6,575	3,270	3,305
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,715	5,415	5,300	1,255	725	535
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	9,120	4,300	4,820	1,810	855	955
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,470	15,740	14,730	3,505	1,690	1,820
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	13,280	8,730	4,550	1,575	865	705
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	9,710	5,885	3,825	1,215	595	620
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	3,570	2,850	725	350	270	80
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	9,655	4,215	5,435	955	390	565
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,345	495	855	195	95	100
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	6,190	2,305	3,885	790	340	445
Bachelor's degree	4,580	1,690	2,895	575	215	360
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	440	150	285	70	30	40
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	220	85	140	30	10	10
Master's degree	850	335	515	110	75	35
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	100	45	55	10	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	75,255	37,955	37,300	10,690	5,215	5,475
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	36,750	17,810	18,935	5,855	2,815	3,030
Education	3,160	575	2,580	435	110	320
13. Education	3,155	575	2,585	435	110	320
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	495	215	275	145	70	75
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	85	70	25	20	20	0
50. Visual and performing arts	400	145	255	130	50	75
Humanities	1,200	450	750	230	70	160
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	80	15	65	20	0	20
23. English language and literature/letters	25	10	25	10	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	770	285	490	135	35	100
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	0	10	10	0	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	20	0	10	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	75	50	30	10	0	0
54. History	65	40	20	25	15	15
55. French language and literature/letters	145	35	105	25	10	15
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,150	520	1,625	355	135	215
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	15	25	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	150	50	95	35	10	25
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	785	30	750	90	20	70
22. Legal professions and studies	260	100	160	75	40	35
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	105	10	95	15	10	10
42. Psychology	400	85	315	70	20	50
45. Social sciences	410	225	185	80	45	35
Business, management and public administration	7,325	1,640	5,680	970	305	665
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	10	0	0	10	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	540	50	490	30	10	15
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,775	1,595	5,185	935	285	650
Physical and life sciences and technologies	830	495	335	110	70	40
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	260	90	165	35	10	30
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	100	65	35	20	20	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	170	85	80	10	10	0
40. Physical sciences	245	205	35	40	35	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	45	15	10	10	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	475	290	190	115	75	35
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	375	250	125	95	70	20
25. Library science	50	0	50	10	0	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	40	10	10	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	12,465	11,650	820	1,110	1,060	50
04. Architecture and related services	155	85	75	15	10	10
14. Engineering	815	685	130	90	80	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	2,305	2,030	280	190	175	15
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,925	2,805	115	260	255	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,795	3,625	170	280	275	10
48. Precision production	2,475	2,425	50	285	270	20
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,325	1,045	280	95	60	35
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	175	105	75	65	35	35
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,150	945	210	30	30	0
Health and related fields	4,425	675	3,750	695	160	530
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	260	145	110	35	15	15
51. Health professions and related programs	4,110	500	3,610	650	140	510
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	50	20	30	10	10	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,640	2,580	2,065	565	270	295
12. Personal and culinary services	2,055	350	1,705	375	110	270
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	735	515	220	115	90	25
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,850	1,715	140	70	75	0
Other	15	10	10	10	0	10
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	15	0	10	10	0	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	50,305	25,460	24,845	6,575	3,265	3,310
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	19,835	9,720	10,115	3,065	1,575	1,485
Education	2,230	410	1,820	240	55	190
13. Education	2,225	410	1,820	245	55	195
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	365	145	210	110	55	60
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	80	60	20	15	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	280	90	195	100	40	60
Humanities	750	280	470	125	35	85
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	70	20	55	20	0	15
23. English language and literature/letters	20	0	15	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	445	175	265	70	25	45
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	10	10	0	10	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	30	20	10	0	0	0
54. History	55	30	25	10	10	10
55. French language and literature/letters	110	30	85	15	10	15
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,795	460	1,340	255	80	170
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	10	20	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	135	55	80	25	0	20
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	640	30	615	70	10	60
22. Legal professions and studies	225	85	140	40	25	20
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	85	0	80	10	0	10
42. Psychology	335	70	260	50	0	45
45. Social sciences	345	205	140	60	35	30
Business, management and public administration	6,035	1,260	4,770	760	220	540
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	485	45	445	20	0	15
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,545	1,220	4,325	740	210	525
Physical and life sciences and technologies	550	345	210	65	30	30
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	210	80	135	30	10	20
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	50	30	20	10	10	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	30	20	10	10	0	0
40. Physical sciences	215	190	30	20	15	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	30	15	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	445	270	175	110	75	35
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	350	225	120	90	75	20
25. Library science	45	0	40	10	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	40	10	10	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	9,775	9,060	715	790	745	40
04. Architecture and related services	135	65	70	10	0	0
14. Engineering	700	585	115	55	50	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,925	1,675	245	130	125	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,065	1,965	100	145	145	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,030	2,880	145	215	210	0
48. Precision production	1,925	1,885	40	230	215	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,110	875	230	80	55	25
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	130	80	50	55	30	25
03. Natural resources and conservation	980	795	185	25	25	0
Health and related fields	3,580	545	3,035	480	110	365
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	230	130	105	20	10	15
51. Health professions and related programs	3,300	395	2,905	450	105	350
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	50	20	30	10	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,820	2,080	1,740	490	230	265
12. Personal and culinary services	1,715	275	1,440	325	90	230
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	595	410	185	110	85	30
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,505	1,390	115	55	55	0
Other	10	0	0	10	0	10
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	10	10	10	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	75,260	37,955	37,300	10,685	5,210	5,475
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	36,750	17,815	18,935	5,850	2,820	3,030
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	38,505	20,145	18,365	4,835	2,395	2,440
Location of study inside Canada	38,095	19,925	18,175	4,705	2,315	2,385
Same as province or territory of residence	37,360	19,550	17,810	4,565	2,245	2,320
Different than province or territory of residence	740	380	360	140	70	70
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	405	220	190	130	80	55
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	40	25	20	10	0	10
Philippines	10	0	10	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	25	10	15
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	10	0	10	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	10	0	15
France	155	90	65	40	35	0
Other	190	100	90	45	25	20
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	50,310	25,460	24,845	6,575	3,270	3,305
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,835	9,720	10,115	3,065	1,580	1,490
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	30,470	15,740	14,725	3,510	1,690	1,820
Location of study inside Canada	30,130	15,560	14,565	3,420	1,640	1,780
Same as province or territory of residence	29,575	15,275	14,300	3,315	1,580	1,735
Different than province or territory of residence	555	285	265	100	60	40
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	340	180	165	90	50	45
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	30	20	15	10	10	0
Philippines	10	0	10	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	10	0	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	0	0	10	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	10	0	0	10	0	15
France	125	65	60	25	25	0
Other	170	95	80	35	20	20
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	75,255	37,960	37,300	10,690	5,210	5,475
In the labour force	45,745	24,015	21,735	6,235	3,260	2,975
Employed	40,085	20,450	19,635	5,735	2,985	2,750
Unemployed	5,660	3,565	2,100	500	280	220
Not in the labour force	29,505	13,945	15,565	4,455	1,950	2,500
Participation rate	60.8	63.3	58.3	58.3	62.6	54.3
Employment rate	53.3	53.9	52.6	53.6	57.3	50.2
Unemployment rate	12.4	14.8	9.7	8.0	8.6	7.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	75,260	37,955	37,300	10,690	5,215	5,475
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	26,075	12,010	14,075	4,135	1,820	2,315
Worked	49,180	25,955	23,225	6,555	3,395	3,160
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	22,025	11,990	10,030	3,015	1,685	1,320
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	27,150	13,960	13,190	3,545	1,705	1,840
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.2	39.9	40.5	42.7	43.1	42.2
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	45,745	24,015	21,735	6,235	3,265	2,970
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,195	660	530	180	85	95
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	44,555	23,350	21,200	6,055	3,175	2,880
Employee	41,775	21,940	19,830	5,405	2,825	2,585
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	2,775	1,410	1,365	645	345	295
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	45,745	24,015	21,735	6,235	3,260	2,975
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,200	665	535	180	90	95
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	44,550	23,355	21,200	6,060	3,175	2,885
0 Management occupations	3,160	1,690	1,470	510	295	220
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	5,520	1,310	4,205	680	190	495
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,360	1,885	475	185	155	30
3 Health occupations	3,065	405	2,665	415	105	305
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,890	1,445	4,445	665	190	470
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	725	240	485	115	45	75
6 Sales and service occupations	10,330	4,015	6,315	1,655	660	995
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,630	9,040	585	1,015	965	55
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,255	1,110	145	105	90	15
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,615	2,220	395	700	475	235
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	45,750	24,015	21,735	6,230	3,260	2,970
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,200	665	535	180	90	90
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	44,550	23,350	21,200	6,055	3,175	2,880
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,065	835	230	135	90	40
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	2,330	1,970	360	0	0	0
22 Utilities	1,270	1,020	250	0	10	0
23 Construction	3,330	2,975	355	390	330	60
31-33 Manufacturing	4,550	3,790	760	1,225	885	340
41 Wholesale trade	855	660	195	185	120	60
44-45 Retail trade	5,305	2,235	3,065	1,020	465	560
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,385	1,830	555	130	90	40
51 Information and cultural industries	490	245	240	55	15	35
52 Finance and insurance	805	180	625	85	30	60
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	470	300	170	65	50	20
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,075	550	530	160	85	80
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	10	10	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,445	870	570	245	160	95
61 Educational services	3,100	800	2,305	380	105	275
62 Health care and social assistance	6,515	940	5,575	775	135	640
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	545	295	255	130	70	60
72 Accommodation and food services	3,095	925	2,175	490	205	290
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,165	1,020	1,145	310	155	150
91 Public administration	3,745	1,905	1,840	270	180	85
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	40,085	20,455	19,635	5,735	2,985	2,750
Worked at home	1,565	645	915	315	120	200
Worked outside Canada	20	15	0	15	15	0
No fixed workplace address	2,940	2,310	640	400	300	105
Worked at usual place	35,565	17,485	18,075	5,005	2,555	2,450
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	35,565	17,490	18,075	5,005	2,555	2,450
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	27,810	13,485	14,330	2,625	1,235	1,390
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,150	2,945	3,205	1,340	715	630
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,475	980	490	1,025	605	420
Commute to a different province or territory	130	80	50	15	10	10
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	38,505	19,795	18,710	5,410	2,855	2,555
Car, truck, van - as a driver	32,240	16,760	15,480	4,645	2,475	2,170
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	1,530	705	825	255	130	125
Public transit	670	525	145	25	15	10
Walked	3,120	1,230	1,890	385	170	215
Bicycle	230	185	50	40	30	10
Other method	715	395	320	55	25	25
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	38,505	19,795	18,710	5,410	2,855	2,555
Less than 15 minutes	24,005	10,890	13,115	2,715	1,345	1,365
15 to 29 minutes	9,655	5,560	4,090	1,755	895	865
30 to 44 minutes	2,875	1,925	950	520	320	200
45 to 59 minutes	910	590	315	155	105	55
60 minutes and over	1,060	825	240	260	190	75
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	38,505	19,795	18,710	5,405	2,855	2,555
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,825	1,430	400	310	195	110
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,625	4,940	1,690	1,145	785	355
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	15,415	7,605	7,810	1,675	860	820
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,515	2,650	4,865	905	300	610
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,405	730	1,680	440	150	290
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,725	2,445	2,275	930	560	370
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	50,345	26,415	23,935	6,740	3,480	3,260
Single responses	49,095	25,770	23,320	6,200	3,245	2,960
Official languages	47,135	24,845	22,285	6,195	3,245	2,950
English	2,420	1,290	1,130	555	265	285
French	44,720	23,560	21,160	5,635	2,975	2,660
Non-official languages	1,960	925	1,035	10	0	10
Aboriginal languages	1,955	925	1,025	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	1,955	925	1,025	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	1,950	925	1,025	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	1,745	825	920	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	210	100	105	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	10	0	0	10	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,255	640	615	540	235	300
English and French	825	460	365	515	225	290
English and non-official language	0	10	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	395	160	235	10	10	10
English, French and non-official language	25	15	10	10	10	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	50,345	26,410	23,935	6,735	3,480	3,255
None	42,010	21,965	20,050	3,875	2,045	1,830
English	5,570	3,130	2,440	2,445	1,235	1,210
French	1,890	890	1,000	390	185	205
Non-official language	720	345	380	15	10	0
Aboriginal	685	310	380	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	35	35	0	20	10	0
English and French	35	20	15	0	0	10
English and non-official language	95	60	40	15	10	0
French and non-official language	25	15	10	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	89,760	45,335	44,435	12,640	6,245	6,395
Non-movers	81,895	41,640	40,255	10,620	5,265	5,355
Movers	7,870	3,695	4,180	2,020	985	1,040
Non-migrants	5,430	2,585	2,845	1,235	620	620
Migrants	2,445	1,110	1,335	780	365	415
Internal migrants	2,420	1,095	1,330	780	365	420
Intraprovincial migrants	2,355	1,070	1,285	740	355	385
Interprovincial migrants	65	25	40	45	10	35
External migrants	20	10	10	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	85,775	43,295	42,485	12,080	5,950	6,130
Non-movers	62,235	31,945	30,285	6,820	3,420	3,405
Movers	23,545	11,340	12,200	5,260	2,530	2,725
Non-migrants	15,275	7,400	7,875	2,775	1,305	1,465
Migrants	8,270	3,945	4,325	2,485	1,220	1,260
Internal migrants	8,075	3,865	4,215	2,445	1,205	1,245
Intraprovincial migrants	7,815	3,725	4,090	2,340	1,160	1,185
Interprovincial migrants	265	145	120	105	45	60
External migrants	195	80	115	40	20	20

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Manicouagan [Federal electoral district], Quebec and Cowansville [Census agglomeration], Quebec (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 18, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Manicouagan [Federal electoral district], Quebec and Cowansville [Census agglomeration], Quebec

Census Profile, 2016 Census Manicouagan [Federal electoral district], Quebec and Cowansville [Census agglomeration], Quebec

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Manicouagan [Federal electoral district], Quebec and Cowansville [Census agglomeration], Quebec