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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Bruce--Grey--Owen Sound [Federal electoral district], Ontario and Bruce, County [Census division], Ontario

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Bruce--Grey--Owen Sound Ontario [Federal electoral district]			Bruce, CTY Ontario [Census division]
	Data quality , Bruce--Grey--Owen Sound [Federal electoral district], Ontario Map : Bruce--Grey--Owen Sound [Federal electoral district], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Bruce, County [Census division], Ontario Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	107,679	...	...	68,147	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	106,475	...	...	66,102	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	1.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	58,058	...	...	41,183	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	45,360	...	...	28,866	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	17.6	...	...	16.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	6,114.05	...	...	4,090.20	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	107,680	52,980	54,700	68,145	33,625	34,520
0 to 14 years	16,295	8,325	7,970	10,770	5,430	5,335
0 to 4 years	5,350	2,725	2,620	3,790	1,925	1,865
5 to 9 years	5,535	2,840	2,700	3,645	1,830	1,820
10 to 14 years	5,410	2,760	2,650	3,335	1,680	1,655
15 to 64 years	65,450	32,445	33,005	41,305	20,565	20,740
15 to 19 years	5,860	3,050	2,805	3,410	1,770	1,640
20 to 24 years	5,565	2,850	2,725	3,320	1,705	1,615
25 to 29 years	5,175	2,640	2,535	3,535	1,795	1,745
30 to 34 years	5,280	2,655	2,625	3,935	1,975	1,960
35 to 39 years	5,265	2,615	2,645	3,520	1,795	1,725
40 to 44 years	5,325	2,650	2,675	3,220	1,625	1,600
45 to 49 years	6,240	3,000	3,240	3,535	1,720	1,815
50 to 54 years	8,465	4,135	4,330	5,055	2,425	2,630
55 to 59 years	9,195	4,445	4,750	5,805	2,855	2,950
60 to 64 years	9,080	4,405	4,675	5,965	2,910	3,060
65 years and over	25,935	12,205	13,730	16,075	7,630	8,440
65 to 69 years	8,565	4,210	4,350	5,500	2,775	2,720
70 to 74 years	6,245	3,100	3,145	3,970	1,985	1,980
75 to 79 years	4,470	2,170	2,305	2,740	1,330	1,405
80 to 84 years	3,295	1,465	1,825	2,020	915	1,105
85 years and over	3,365	1,260	2,105	1,850	620	1,230
85 to 89 years	2,145	875	1,270	1,175	420	755
90 to 94 years	950	320	630	545	165	375
95 to 99 years	230	55	175	105	25	80
100 years and over	40	5	30	25	0	20
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.1	15.7	14.6	15.8	16.1	15.5
15 to 64 years	60.8	61.2	60.3	60.6	61.2	60.1
65 years and over	24.1	23.0	25.1	23.6	22.7	24.4
85 years and over	3.1	2.4	3.8	2.7	1.8	3.6
Average age of the population	45.3	44.4	46.1	44.8	44.0	45.5
Median age of the population	49.1	47.9	50.2	48.5	47.2	49.5
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	45,360	...	...	28,870	...	...
Single-detached house	36,085	...	...	24,155	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	905	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	7,885	...	...	4,465	...	...
Semi-detached house	835	...	...	645	...	...
Row house	1,530	...	...	1,180	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	670	...	...	320	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,675	...	...	2,165	...	...
Other single-attached house	170	...	...	155	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	480	...	...	245	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	45,360	...	...	28,865	...	...
1 person	12,685	...	...	8,090	...	...
2 persons	18,675	...	...	11,960	...	...
3 persons	5,890	...	...	3,595	...	...
4 persons	5,015	...	...	3,290	...	...
5 or more persons	3,100	...	...	1,930	...	...
Number of persons in private households	105,190	...	...	66,720	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	91,385	44,650	46,735	57,380	28,200	29,180
Married or living common law	56,975	28,450	28,530	37,130	18,575	18,550
Married	47,535	23,745	23,790	31,730	15,885	15,840
Living common law	9,440	4,700	4,735	5,400	2,690	2,710
Not married and not living common law	34,410	16,205	18,205	20,255	9,620	10,630
Never married	19,705	11,090	8,615	11,515	6,510	5,010
Separated	2,560	1,190	1,375	1,535	740	795
Divorced	5,405	2,400	3,005	3,035	1,420	1,615
Widowed	6,740	1,530	5,205	4,170	955	3,210
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	32,155	...	...	20,505	...	...
2 persons	19,215	...	...	12,160	...	...
3 persons	5,655	...	...	3,505	...	...
4 persons	4,740	...	...	3,155	...	...
5 or more persons	2,545	...	...	1,680	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	32,160	...	...	20,505	...	...
Total couple families	27,965	...	...	18,265	...	...
Married couples	23,250	...	...	15,570	...	...
Common-law couples	4,720	...	...	2,700	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	4,190	...	...	2,240	...	...
Female parent	3,250	...	...	1,695	...	...
Male parent	940	...	...	540	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	27,965	...	...	18,265	...	...
Couples without children	16,610	...	...	10,785	...	...
Couples with children	11,355	...	...	7,480	...	...
1 child	4,500	...	...	2,900	...	...
2 children	4,415	...	...	2,965	...	...
3 or more children	2,435	...	...	1,620	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	4,185	...	...	2,240	...	...
1 child	2,605	...	...	1,375	...	...
2 children	1,155	...	...	605	...	...
3 or more children	435	...	...	260	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	16,655	7,940	8,720	9,955	4,875	5,085
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	45,360	...	...	28,865	...	...
One-census-family households	31,020	...	...	20,005	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	16,130	...	...	10,570	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	14,895	...	...	9,430	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	560	...	...	250	...	...
Non-census-family households	13,775	...	...	8,615	...	...
One-person households	12,680	...	...	8,090	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	1,095	...	...	525	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	106,175	52,410	53,765	67,185	33,340	33,845
English only	100,085	49,805	50,280	63,370	31,740	31,630
French only	25	15	15	10	0	5
English and French	5,435	2,300	3,135	3,485	1,450	2,035
Neither English nor French	635	290	340	330	150	175
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	106,175	52,410	53,765	67,190	33,340	33,845
English	104,715	51,740	52,980	66,235	32,900	33,330
French	790	355	435	580	270	310
English and French	60	40	25	50	20	30
Neither English nor French	610	280	330	325	150	175
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	820	375	445	610	280	325
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.9	0.8	1.0
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	106,175	52,410	53,765	67,190	33,340	33,845
Single responses	105,615	52,135	53,480	66,795	33,150	33,640
Official languages	98,195	48,495	49,700	62,170	30,885	31,280
English	97,325	48,095	49,230	61,545	30,605	30,940
French	865	400	470	625	280	340
Non-official languages	7,420	3,640	3,775	4,625	2,265	2,360
Aboriginal languages	225	105	120	215	100	115
Algonquian languages	215	100	115	210	100	115
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	5	0	0	0	0	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	5	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	210	100	115	210	100	110
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	210	100	115	205	100	110
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	7,195	3,540	3,660	4,410	2,165	2,245
Afro-Asiatic languages	110	60	50	50	25	20
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	105	55	50	45	25	20
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	80	40	40	40	25	20
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	5	5	5	0	0
Maltese	15	5	5	5	0	5
Tigrigna	5	5	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	10	0	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	10	5	10	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	100	20	80	130	45	85
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	10	0	5
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	5	0	0	0	5
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	85	15	70	115	45	70
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	5	0
Creole languages	5	0	0	5	5	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	50	25	20	35	25	15
Kannada	0	0	0	10	5	0
Malayalam	30	15	15	15	10	5
Tamil	15	10	5	20	10	5
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	6,405	3,195	3,210	3,815	1,900	1,920
Albanian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Armenian	5	0	5	0	5	0
Balto-Slavic languages	655	315	340	390	190	200
Baltic languages	40	20	25	15	5	10
Latvian	30	15	15	10	5	0
Lithuanian	15	10	10	10	0	5
Slavic languages	610	300	315	370	180	190
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	0	5	5	5	5
Bulgarian	10	5	0	0	0	5
Croatian	70	40	30	35	20	15
Czech	65	35	30	40	20	20
Macedonian	10	5	5	0	5	5
Polish	205	100	110	135	65	70
Russian	65	25	45	55	30	30
Serbian	30	20	15	25	10	15
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Slovak	35	15	20	20	5	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	10	0	0
Ukrainian	85	40	45	40	15	25
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	5	0	0
Celtic languages	15	5	10	5	0	5
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	5	0	0
Welsh	5	5	0	5	5	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	4,835	2,385	2,445	2,695	1,335	1,360
Afrikaans	20	10	5	5	0	0
Danish	60	35	25	15	10	5
Dutch	1,080	535	550	615	315	300
Frisian	15	5	10	5	0	0
German	3,630	1,785	1,850	2,040	995	1,045
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	5	0
Norwegian	5	5	0	0	5	5
Swedish	10	5	5	5	0	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	15	5	5
Yiddish	5	5	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	70	40	35	40	20	15
Indo-Iranian languages	210	110	105	360	190	175
Indo-Aryan languages	170	90	85	325	170	155
Bengali	15	5	5	20	15	15
Gujarati	35	20	15	80	35	40
Hindi	25	10	15	35	20	20
Kashmiri	0	0	0	10	5	5
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	10	5	10
Nepali	10	0	0	0	0	5
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	65	30	35	40	20	25
Sindhi	5	5	0	0	0	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	20	10	10	125	70	55
Iranian languages	35	25	15	30	15	20
Kurdish	5	5	0	5	0	0
Pashto	5	0	5	10	5	5
Persian (Farsi)	35	20	10	20	10	15
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Italic (Romance) languages	610	335	275	325	160	165
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	215	130	80	115	70	40
Portuguese	195	105	90	65	35	30
Romanian	40	25	20	45	20	25
Spanish	155	70	90	105	35	65
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	25	5	20	15	5	10
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	95	35	60	70	30	45
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5	5	5	5
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	10	10	10	5	5
American Sign Language	5	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	10	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	145	70	75	145	60	80
Chinese languages	145	70	75	140	65	80
Cantonese	70	35	30	35	20	20
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	55	25	30	75	30	45
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	10	30	15	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	0	0	0	5
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	5	5	0	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	10	5	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	5	5	5	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	205	100	105	110	55	60
Estonian	25	15	15	5	5	5
Finnish	50	30	25	30	15	15
Hungarian	130	60	70	75	40	35
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	565	275	290	400	190	205
English and French	155	75	85	105	45	60
English and non-official language	385	190	195	275	140	135
French and non-official language	10	5	10	10	10	0
English, French and non-official language	5	5	5	5	5	5
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	106,175	52,405	53,765	67,190	33,340	33,845
Single responses	105,300	51,995	53,305	66,535	33,020	33,515
Official languages	101,880	50,310	51,570	64,385	31,960	32,430
English	101,665	50,210	51,450	64,265	31,910	32,360
French	220	105	120	115	50	70
Non-official languages	3,420	1,680	1,740	2,150	1,065	1,090
Aboriginal languages	55	25	35	60	25	35
Algonquian languages	55	25	30	60	25	35
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	5	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	50	25	30	60	25	35
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	55	20	30	60	25	35
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,365	1,660	1,705	2,090	1,040	1,050
Afro-Asiatic languages	75	40	30	25	10	15
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	70	40	30	30	15	15
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	60	35	25	25	10	15
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0	0	0
Maltese	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	5	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	5	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	20	5	15	35	15	20
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	5	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	5	15	35	15	20
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	5	0	5	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	30	15	20	15	10	5
Kannada	5	0	0	5	5	0
Malayalam	25	10	15	5	0	0
Tamil	5	0	5	5	0	5
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,000	1,495	1,505	1,850	920	935
Albanian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	180	95	85	130	60	65
Baltic languages	5	0	0	5	0	5
Latvian	5	5	0	0	0	5
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	175	95	85	120	55	60
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	5	5	0	5	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	25	15	10	10	5	5
Czech	15	5	5	15	5	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	70	40	30	40	15	20
Russian	30	15	15	40	20	20
Serbian	5	5	0	10	5	5
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	5	0	0	0
Slovak	10	5	5	5	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	0	0	5	5	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	2,560	1,265	1,295	1,450	720	730
Afrikaans	15	10	10	0	0	0
Danish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	285	145	145	165	85	85
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	2,255	1,115	1,140	1,280	635	645
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Greek	20	10	10	10	0	5
Indo-Iranian languages	90	45	45	180	90	90
Indo-Aryan languages	75	40	35	165	85	80
Bengali	10	5	5	5	0	0
Gujarati	25	15	10	45	25	25
Hindi	5	5	0	10	5	5
Kashmiri	0	0	0	5	5	5
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	10	0	5
Nepali	0	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	5	10	10	10	5
Sindhi	5	5	0	5	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	5	5	5	75	45	35
Iranian languages	10	10	5	10	5	5
Kurdish	0	0	0	5	0	5
Pashto	0	0	0	5	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	15	5	5	10	0	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	145	75	70	80	40	40
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	45	20	20	15	10	5
Portuguese	55	30	25	20	15	10
Romanian	5	5	5	20	5	10
Spanish	45	20	20	25	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	80	30	45	45	20	20
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	0	0	5	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	25	15	10	10	5	5
American Sign Language	5	0	5	5	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	20	15	10	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	75	35	45	85	40	45
Chinese languages	80	35	45	90	40	45
Cantonese	35	20	20	25	15	15
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	30	10	20	45	20	25
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	5	20	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	40	15	25	15	5	5
Estonian	0	0	5	5	0	0
Finnish	5	0	0	5	0	0
Hungarian	30	10	20	15	5	5
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	875	415	460	650	320	330
English and French	55	25	35	50	25	25
English and non-official language	800	385	415	600	295	305
French and non-official language	5	5	5	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	15	10	10	5	5	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	106,175	52,410	53,765	67,190	33,340	33,845
None	102,175	50,555	51,615	64,700	32,200	32,495
English	1,230	605	620	720	355	365
French	855	345	510	505	200	310
Non-official language	1,845	860	985	1,230	580	650
Aboriginal	170	80	90	160	80	85
Non-Aboriginal	1,670	780	890	1,065	500	565
English and French	10	10	0	5	0	0
English and non-official language	15	5	5	5	0	0
French and non-official language	55	25	30	30	10	20
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	88,950	43,695	45,260	55,970	27,690	28,275
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	86,185	42,410	43,780	54,510	27,130	27,380
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,494	36,334	25,965	33,887	44,638	26,381
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	86,225	42,415	43,815	54,550	27,130	27,420
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,004	32,920	24,327	30,801	39,619	24,306
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	77,165	38,570	38,590	49,870	25,285	24,590
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,053	33,264	21,481	30,482	41,796	21,898
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	65,110	30,385	34,725	39,655	18,580	21,075
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,432	8,344	8,537	8,078	8,203	7,999
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	60,060	31,475	28,590	39,155	21,195	17,960
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,457	31,662	23,644	27,723	34,384	22,654
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	88,955	43,665	45,290	55,970	27,695	28,275
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	86,100	42,335	43,765	54,525	27,135	27,395
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,484	47,367	33,827	48,367	61,142	35,715
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	86,135	42,340	43,800	54,570	27,130	27,440
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,556	39,664	29,618	39,713	49,160	30,372
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	77,110	38,515	38,590	49,905	25,370	24,540
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,563	45,121	30,018	45,946	59,112	32,334
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	65,225	30,450	34,780	39,370	18,475	20,900
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	9,035	8,777	9,261	8,748	8,630	8,852
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	60,060	31,280	28,785	39,155	21,255	17,905
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,242	41,461	30,571	43,518	52,896	32,383
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	88,950	43,665	45,285	55,970	27,690	28,280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	28,390	16,215	12,175	17,890	10,745	7,145
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	44,970	48,870	41,343	52,123	59,471	44,373
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	52,679	57,135	46,742	68,646	78,856	53,288
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	83.1	86.6	78.3	87.0	90.4	81.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	62.9	65.9	58.8	64.5	67.6	59.4
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	16.9	13.4	21.7	13.0	9.6	19.0
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	88,955	43,695	45,260	55,970	27,695	28,280
Without total income	2,765	1,285	1,480	1,460	565	895
With total income	86,190	42,410	43,780	54,510	27,130	27,385
Percentage with total income	96.9	97.1	96.7	97.4	98.0	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	11,210	4,860	6,345	7,435	2,810	4,625
$10,000 to $19,999	17,175	6,970	10,205	9,470	3,605	5,865
$20,000 to $29,999	14,100	6,030	8,070	7,835	3,175	4,660
$30,000 to $39,999	11,245	5,260	5,990	6,170	2,705	3,460
$40,000 to $49,999	9,345	4,825	4,515	5,210	2,665	2,545
$50,000 to $59,999	6,690	3,880	2,815	4,015	2,205	1,815
$60,000 to $69,999	4,690	2,900	1,790	2,985	1,820	1,165
$70,000 to $79,999	3,110	1,955	1,150	2,275	1,440	835
$80,000 to $89,999	2,175	1,355	825	1,635	1,035	605
$90,000 to $99,999	1,805	1,005	805	1,395	840	555
$100,000 and over	4,635	3,365	1,270	6,085	4,830	1,250
$100,000 to $149,999	3,210	2,270	940	3,805	2,850	955
$150,000 and over	1,430	1,095	335	2,280	1,980	300
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	88,955	43,695	45,260	55,970	27,690	28,275
Without after-tax income	2,725	1,280	1,450	1,420	560	855
With after-tax income	86,225	42,410	43,815	54,555	27,130	27,420
Percentage with after-tax income	96.9	97.1	96.8	97.5	98.0	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	11,700	4,965	6,735	7,950	2,880	5,070
$10,000 to $19,999	17,850	7,245	10,600	9,790	3,755	6,030
$20,000 to $29,999	16,315	7,130	9,185	8,960	3,680	5,280
$30,000 to $39,999	13,090	6,465	6,625	7,155	3,395	3,755
$40,000 to $49,999	9,855	5,435	4,430	5,740	3,085	2,655
$50,000 to $59,999	6,250	3,835	2,415	4,005	2,390	1,610
$60,000 to $69,999	3,685	2,325	1,360	2,630	1,680	950
$70,000 to $79,999	2,670	1,560	1,110	2,105	1,325	780
$80,000 and over	4,805	3,450	1,355	6,220	4,925	1,295
$80,000 to $89,999	1,700	1,090	615	1,555	1,055	500
$90,000 to $99,999	935	710	220	1,300	1,000	305
$100,000 and over	2,170	1,650	520	3,360	2,870	490
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	88,950	43,690	45,260	55,970	27,695	28,280
Without employment income	28,890	12,220	16,675	16,810	6,495	10,315
With employment income	60,065	31,475	28,590	39,155	21,195	17,960
Percentage with employment income	67.5	72.0	63.2	70.0	76.5	63.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,830	5,680	5,145	7,885	4,415	3,475
$5,000 to $9,999	5,325	2,305	3,025	3,495	1,455	2,045
$10,000 to $19,999	8,445	3,850	4,595	5,060	2,235	2,825
$20,000 to $29,999	7,280	3,270	4,010	4,060	1,745	2,315
$30,000 to $39,999	6,945	3,295	3,645	3,655	1,675	1,985
$40,000 to $49,999	5,785	3,015	2,770	3,040	1,575	1,470
$50,000 to $59,999	4,305	2,660	1,640	2,290	1,305	980
$60,000 to $69,999	2,930	1,875	1,060	1,625	990	640
$70,000 to $79,999	1,955	1,270	685	1,140	695	445
$80,000 and over	6,265	4,250	2,015	6,905	5,115	1,795
$80,000 to $89,999	1,530	945	585	1,005	590	415
$90,000 to $99,999	1,460	775	685	1,000	540	460
$100,000 and over	3,275	2,530	745	4,900	3,990	920
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	45,360	...	...	28,865	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	60,856	...	...	71,193	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	54,963	...	...	62,926	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	12,680	...	...	8,090	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	29,051	...	...	34,926	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	27,043	...	...	31,556	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	32,680	...	...	20,775	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	75,459	...	...	87,620	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	67,472	...	...	76,616	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	45,360	...	...	28,865	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	76,847	...	...	91,366	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	65,620	...	...	75,078	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	12,660	...	...	8,055	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	41,481	...	...	48,757	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,106	...	...	40,178	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	32,700	...	...	20,815	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	90,539	...	...	107,853	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	77,434	...	...	88,581	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	45,360	...	...	28,870	...	...
Under $5,000	590	...	...	335	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	580	...	...	345	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,430	...	...	720	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,065	...	...	1,065	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,430	...	...	1,335	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,055	...	...	1,120	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,480	...	...	1,315	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,375	...	...	1,295	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,195	...	...	1,245	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,035	...	...	1,125	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,095	...	...	2,245	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,680	...	...	2,050	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,210	...	...	1,955	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,785	...	...	1,640	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,380	...	...	1,460	...	...
$100,000 and over	10,970	...	...	9,610	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,125	...	...	2,760	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,660	...	...	2,105	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,510	...	...	2,520	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,670	...	...	2,230	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	45,360	...	...	28,865	...	...
Under $5,000	650	...	...	375	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	585	...	...	355	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,475	...	...	735	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,120	...	...	1,120	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,690	...	...	1,445	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,335	...	...	1,305	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,730	...	...	1,470	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,640	...	...	1,455	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,565	...	...	1,475	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,500	...	...	1,340	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,715	...	...	2,665	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,050	...	...	2,390	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,545	...	...	2,125	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,825	...	...	1,855	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,165	...	...	1,570	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,755	...	...	7,190	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,745	...	...	2,910	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,865	...	...	1,820	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,150	...	...	2,460	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	31,900	...	...	20,420	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	75,434	...	...	87,786	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	67,410	...	...	76,756	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	15,830	...	...	10,435	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	68,892	...	...	78,862	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	61,940	...	...	69,632	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	11,500	...	...	7,540	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	98,165	...	...	122,253	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	86,320	...	...	102,732	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,890	...	...	2,110	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,286	...	...	51,659	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	44,935	...	...	48,336	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	31,900	...	...	20,410	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	90,601	...	...	108,282	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	77,420	...	...	88,867	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	15,890	...	...	10,410	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	82,046	...	...	95,127	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	69,973	...	...	78,974	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	11,530	...	...	7,555	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	113,874	...	...	137,002	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	96,511	...	...	110,615	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,860	...	...	2,120	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	58,229	...	...	68,458	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,198	...	...	58,919	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	15,050	7,225	7,825	9,130	4,490	4,645
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	27,880	30,129	26,442	33,258	38,380	30,336
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	26,011	27,511	25,067	30,366	34,294	28,082
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	15,080	7,270	7,810	9,090	4,410	4,685
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	39,489	44,331	34,983	47,020	54,070	40,383
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	33,604	36,614	30,802	38,887	43,402	34,636
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	105,190	51,985	53,205	66,720	33,115	33,605
In the bottom half of the distribution	59,810	28,880	30,930	30,925	14,810	16,115
In the bottom decile	10,580	5,155	5,425	5,890	2,920	2,975
In the second decile	13,040	5,915	7,125	6,615	3,000	3,610
In the third decile	12,795	6,140	6,655	6,345	2,925	3,420
In the fourth decile	11,965	5,915	6,050	6,080	2,950	3,130
In the fifth decile	11,435	5,755	5,675	5,990	3,015	2,980
In the top half of the distribution	45,375	23,105	22,275	35,795	18,305	17,490
In the sixth decile	10,780	5,445	5,335	6,180	3,090	3,090
In the seventh decile	10,100	5,145	4,955	6,725	3,380	3,340
In the eighth decile	9,310	4,700	4,610	6,990	3,585	3,410
In the ninth decile	8,575	4,365	4,215	7,960	4,035	3,920
In the top decile	6,615	3,450	3,165	7,945	4,215	3,725
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	103,535	51,180	52,355	65,070	32,310	32,755
0 to 17 years	19,215	9,865	9,350	12,295	6,250	6,045
0 to 5 years	6,300	3,220	3,090	4,350	2,210	2,140
18 to 64 years	60,405	29,800	30,610	37,955	18,840	19,115
65 years and over	23,915	11,515	12,400	14,815	7,225	7,595
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	16,515	7,665	8,855	8,655	4,090	4,565
0 to 17 years	4,005	1,970	2,035	2,205	1,140	1,070
0 to 5 years	1,580	785	800	845	420	425
18 to 64 years	9,185	4,350	4,835	4,740	2,280	2,470
65 years and over	3,325	1,340	1,985	1,705	675	1,030
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.0	15.0	16.9	13.3	12.7	13.9
0 to 17 years (%)	20.8	20.0	21.8	17.9	18.2	17.7
0 to 5 years (%)	25.1	24.4	25.9	19.4	19.0	19.9
18 to 64 years (%)	15.2	14.6	15.8	12.5	12.1	12.9
65 years and over (%)	13.9	11.6	16.0	11.5	9.3	13.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	5,325	2,685	2,640	2,880	1,465	1,415
0 to 17 years	1,105	545	560	695	360	335
0 to 5 years	450	230	215	270	140	135
18 to 64 years	3,855	1,980	1,880	1,970	1,030	945
65 years and over	365	165	205	210	75	140
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.1	5.2	5.0	4.4	4.5	4.3
0 to 17 years (%)	5.8	5.5	6.0	5.7	5.8	5.5
0 to 5 years (%)	7.1	7.1	7.0	6.2	6.3	6.3
18 to 64 years (%)	6.4	6.6	6.1	5.2	5.5	4.9
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.4	1.7	1.4	1.0	1.8
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	105,185	51,985	53,205	66,720	33,115	33,605
Official languages	104,540	51,695	52,845	66,355	32,980	33,375
English	104,505	51,675	52,830	66,355	32,980	33,375
French	5,470	2,235	3,235	3,455	1,470	1,985
Non-official languages	9,375	4,495	4,885	5,750	2,755	3,000
Aboriginal languages	400	170	225	355	150	205
Algonquian languages	375	165	215	345	150	195
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	370	165	205	340	150	195
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	10
Ojibway	370	165	205	335	150	190
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	8,980	4,325	4,655	5,400	2,600	2,800
Afro-Asiatic languages	220	120	100	100	50	45
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	215	120	95	90	45	40
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	150	80	70	65	35	30
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	45	20	25	10	10	10
Maltese	20	15	0	15	10	10
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	20	20	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	35	20	20	10	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	120	35	85	115	30	80
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	10	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	20	10	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	0	10	0	0	10
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	25	15	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90	10	80	105	30	75
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	25	10	15	10	10	10
Haitian Creole	10	10	10	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	70	35	35	30	20	15
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	55	30	30	20	15	0
Tamil	30	20	20	20	10	10
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	7,765	3,790	3,975	4,710	2,300	2,415
Albanian	45	25	20	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	680	325	355	350	170	180
Baltic languages	70	35	35	20	10	10
Latvian	55	30	25	15	15	10
Lithuanian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Slavic languages	620	290	325	335	160	175
Belarusan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Bosnian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Croatian	80	35	45	45	25	25
Czech	55	30	25	50	25	30
Macedonian	25	10	15	10	0	0
Polish	195	90	105	90	40	45
Russian	90	55	40	70	40	30
Serbian	45	35	10	40	25	15
Serbo-Croatian	30	10	20	0	0	0
Slovak	30	10	25	30	10	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Ukrainian	80	35	50	40	20	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages	30	0	30	30	15	10
Scottish Gaelic	20	0	10	10	10	10
Welsh	10	0	10	10	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	10	0	0
Germanic languages	5,590	2,750	2,840	3,060	1,500	1,560
Afrikaans	25	20	10	15	10	10
Danish	65	35	30	15	10	0
Dutch	1,565	755	805	800	405	395
Frisian	25	15	10	0	0	0
German	4,345	2,120	2,215	2,460	1,190	1,265
Icelandic	10	0	10	0	0	0
Norwegian	20	10	10	10	10	0
Swedish	20	15	0	10	10	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	15	15	10	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	10	10	10
Greek	135	55	80	60	35	25
Indo-Iranian languages	180	90	90	545	270	275
Indo-Aryan languages	165	75	85	485	255	230
Bengali	20	15	10	40	15	20
Gujarati	45	30	20	175	90	90
Hindi	80	35	45	235	145	90
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	15	10	0
Nepali	15	0	10	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	50	20	25	95	55	40
Sindhi	0	10	0	15	10	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	30	20	10	155	85	70
Iranian languages	20	10	10	65	25	40
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	10	10	0
Persian (Farsi)	20	10	10	55	15	40
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,285	620	660	730	355	380
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	305	165	140	180	105	75
Portuguese	235	130	110	100	45	55
Romanian	35	20	10	30	10	20
Spanish	765	340	420	440	200	235
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	10	0	0
Japanese	45	15	40	20	10	15
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	125	55	75	50	15	30
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	40	35	10	35	20	10
Akan (Twi)	0	10	0	10	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	10	10	0	0	0	0
Swahili	15	10	0	20	10	10
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	10	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	160	60	100	95	55	40
American Sign Language	55	20	35	25	15	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	110	40	65	70	35	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	280	125	155	195	90	105
Chinese languages	280	125	150	190	85	105
Cantonese	145	75	75	60	30	30
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	150	65	90	135	55	80
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	10	15	20	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	0	25	0	0	10
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	25	0	20	10	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	175	80	90	125	55	70
Estonian	45	30	15	20	15	10
Finnish	50	25	25	25	10	15
Hungarian	80	25	55	75	30	50
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	105,185	51,985	53,205	66,720	33,120	33,605
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	103,595	51,275	52,320	65,650	32,600	33,050
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,525	10,030	9,490	12,685	6,445	6,240
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	84,075	41,245	42,830	52,965	26,160	26,810
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	1,590	710	885	1,065	510	555
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	105,190	51,985	53,205	66,720	33,115	33,605
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	97,140	48,075	49,065	61,470	30,560	30,915
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	7,885	3,825	4,060	5,135	2,510	2,625
Before 1981	5,240	2,610	2,635	3,065	1,570	1,490
1981 to 1990	745	345	400	440	165	270
1991 to 2000	745	375	370	580	240	340
2001 to 2010	800	360	440	700	360	340
2001 to 2005	430	190	240	425	215	210
2006 to 2010	370	175	195	275	145	130
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	350	130	220	355	175	180
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	160	80	80	110	50	60
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	7,885	3,825	4,060	5,135	2,510	2,625
Under 5 years	1,230	575	655	745	400	345
5 to 14 years	1,715	930	785	1,215	610	610
15 to 24 years	2,070	940	1,130	1,215	565	655
25 to 44 years	2,510	1,210	1,300	1,705	815	890
45 years and over	360	170	190	245	120	130
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	7,885	3,825	4,060	5,135	2,505	2,625
Americas	1,280	595	685	600	250	350
Brazil	15	0	15	10	0	10
Colombia	0	10	0	10	0	0
El Salvador	10	0	10	0	0	0
Guyana	55	35	20	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	10	0	10
Jamaica	65	50	15	30	10	15
Mexico	145	100	50	50	25	30
Peru	10	0	0	10	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	35	15	25	55	40	15
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	785	315	465	365	140	225
Other places of birth in Americas	150	65	80	65	15	50
Europe	5,600	2,790	2,805	3,560	1,805	1,750
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	10	10	10	0	0
Croatia	95	35	60	25	15	10
France	45	20	25	25	10	20
Germany	870	435	430	460	225	240
Greece	50	30	20	30	10	20
Hungary	45	35	15	15	10	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	60	25	35	80	35	45
Italy	160	110	55	80	65	15
Netherlands	755	400	360	445	255	190
Poland	165	75	90	65	30	40
Portugal	125	70	50	50	25	25
Romania	45	25	25	55	20	40
Russian Federation	25	10	15	20	10	10
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	40	25	15	30	20	10
Ukraine	35	20	20	25	10	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	2,500	1,200	1,305	1,865	910	950
Other places of birth in Europe	550	280	270	280	150	135
Africa	190	105	80	80	55	25
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	15	10	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	15	15	0
Kenya	15	0	10	10	0	10
Morocco	10	10	10	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	0	10	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	10	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	40	30	10	10	10	10
Other places of birth in Africa	95	45	45	40	25	15
Asia	765	315	450	865	375	485
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	10	0	10	15	10	10
China^{Census data footnote 59}	110	45	65	120	35	85
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	35	15	20	10	15	0
India	165	80	85	290	150	145
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	15	10	10	50	10	30
Iraq	25	10	15	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	0	10	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	110	45	65	40	15	25
Lebanon	10	10	10	10	10	0
Pakistan	10	10	10	100	45	55
Philippines	90	20	75	125	40	80
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	35	15	20	40	20	15
Taiwan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	40	20	25	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	80	35	50	60	30	30
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	55	20	35	40	25	15
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	350	130	215	350	175	180
Americas	110	45	65	45	30	15
Brazil	0	0	10	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	10	0	0	10	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	95	30	60	35	20	10
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	10	0
Europe	95	50	45	155	90	65
France	0	0	0	0	10	10
Germany	10	0	10	20	10	10
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	10	0	10	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	15	0	0	10	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	10	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	25	15	10	95	60	40
Other places of birth in Europe	35	20	25	20	10	0
Africa	15	0	10	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	10	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	10	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	135	40	90	155	55	95
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	15	0	15	10	0	10
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	40	10	30	65	20	45
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	10
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	10	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	10	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	10	10	10
Philippines	10	10	10	10	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	35	15	15	35	20	15
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10	0	0	10
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	105,185	51,985	53,200	66,720	33,120	33,605
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	8,285	4,005	4,275	5,425	2,650	2,780
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	12,990	6,395	6,595	7,705	3,690	4,020
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	83,910	41,580	42,335	53,590	26,780	26,810
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	2,750	1,270	1,485	2,120	955	1,165
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	1,350	655	695	1,270	620	650
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	535	365	170	445	345	100
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	815	290	530	825	280	545
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	1,060	465	600	685	250	435
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	295	135	160	160	75	85
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	45	15	30	10	10	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	105,185	51,985	53,205	66,720	33,120	33,605
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	4,450	2,065	2,385	3,160	1,415	1,750
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	4,330	2,000	2,335	3,100	1,390	1,710
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	3,080	1,430	1,650	2,405	1,095	1,310
Métis	1,235	560	670	685	290	395
Inuk (Inuit)	10	0	10	0	10	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	60	30	30	35	10	20
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	65	40	20	30	10	15
Non-Aboriginal identity	100,740	49,920	50,820	63,560	31,700	31,860
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	105,190	51,985	53,205	66,720	33,115	33,605
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	2,410	1,125	1,290	2,140	975	1,160
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	102,775	50,860	51,915	64,580	32,140	32,440
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	105,190	51,985	53,200	66,720	33,115	33,605
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	1,750	845	900	1,505	715	795
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	1,745	840	900	1,510	710	795
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	1,600	780	815	1,415	675	735
Métis single ancestry	140	55	85	95	30	60
Inuit single ancestry	10	10	0	10	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	10	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	4,010	1,910	2,095	2,275	1,000	1,270
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	3,895	1,875	2,025	2,200	980	1,220
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,675	1,290	1,380	1,605	720	890
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,160	560	605	575	260	315
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	60	20	40	20	0	20
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	110	40	70	70	20	50
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	105	40	65	60	20	40
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	99,430	49,225	50,205	62,940	31,405	31,535
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	105,190	51,985	53,205	66,720	33,115	33,600
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	2,105	1,020	1,085	1,805	885	920
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	365	175	190	650	335	320
Chinese	330	155	175	250	105	140
Black	545	265	280	315	210	105
Filipino	155	40	115	185	70	110
Latin American	65	45	25	45	15	35
Arab	170	95	75	60	35	25
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	75	60	20	35	15	15
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	25	20	10	55	15	40
Korean	145	60	85	75	30	50
Japanese	60	35	25	45	15	30
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	110	45	60	50	20	25
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	60	25	40	45	25	25
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	103,085	50,960	52,120	64,915	32,235	32,685
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	105,185	51,985	53,205	66,720	33,115	33,600
North American Aboriginal origins	5,755	2,760	3,000	3,780	1,715	2,070
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,380	2,115	2,265	3,085	1,415	1,670
Inuit	75	35	50	35	10	25
Métis	1,415	660	760	735	310	420
Other North American origins	37,915	18,445	19,470	22,650	11,170	11,480
Acadian	135	75	60	65	30	35
American	1,045	495	550	580	325	260
Canadian	37,015	17,990	19,025	22,205	10,935	11,275
New Brunswicker	10	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	125	60	70	80	35	40
Nova Scotian	10	0	10	10	10	0
Ontarian	35	30	10	25	20	0
Québécois	30	25	0	25	15	15
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	82,180	40,610	41,570	52,580	25,950	26,635
British Isles origins	64,220	31,575	32,640	39,500	19,390	20,105
Channel Islander	15	15	0	15	0	10
Cornish	15	10	0	15	0	10
English	38,565	18,500	20,070	22,320	10,700	11,620
Irish	27,965	13,465	14,495	17,350	8,460	8,885
Manx	20	15	10	0	10	0
Scottish	32,570	15,995	16,575	20,240	9,840	10,405
Welsh	1,955	870	1,085	1,395	670	720
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	2,465	1,105	1,350	1,445	725	715
French origins	8,385	4,020	4,370	6,015	2,845	3,170
Alsatian	10	10	0	15	0	20
Breton	10	0	10	10	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	8,385	4,020	4,365	6,000	2,850	3,150
Western European origins (except French origins)	29,095	14,370	14,725	21,295	10,645	10,655
Austrian	545	240	300	425	185	240
Bavarian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Belgian	380	175	205	340	225	115
Dutch	7,315	3,625	3,695	4,100	2,080	2,025
Flemish	15	15	0	35	25	15
Frisian	55	35	20	0	0	10
German	22,095	10,855	11,235	17,185	8,500	8,690
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	1,145	580	560	1,160	540	615
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	10	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	2,075	1,045	1,025	1,210	565	645
Danish	565	305	260	240	95	140
Finnish	345	180	170	260	100	160
Icelandic	90	40	50	60	35	25
Norwegian	555	290	270	265	155	110
Swedish	575	270	305	405	180	225
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	85	45	40	80	35	45
Eastern European origins	6,365	3,065	3,305	4,305	2,105	2,200
Bulgarian	25	20	0	45	25	25
Byelorussian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Czech	280	130	155	225	90	135
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	70	15	50	75	20	55
Estonian	145	75	70	105	40	65
Hungarian	825	365	460	590	250	335
Latvian	205	120	80	85	40	50
Lithuanian	135	65	75	95	40	55
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	2,375	1,150	1,220	1,590	830	765
Romanian	300	180	115	245	135	105
Russian	730	360	365	410	180	235
Slovak	145	75	70	135	55	80
Ukrainian	1,985	925	1,070	1,125	600	525
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	35	25	15	20	10	10
Southern European origins	4,205	2,255	1,945	2,685	1,320	1,365
Albanian	45	25	25	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	205	100	105	160	70	85
Cypriot	0	10	0	0	0	0
Greek	315	180	135	195	105	90
Italian	2,295	1,205	1,090	1,600	810	795
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	70	25	45	10	0	10
Maltese	160	95	65	90	40	55
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	540	280	255	305	150	155
Serbian	80	45	35	75	40	35
Sicilian	35	20	15	0	10	0
Slovenian	105	45	65	55	20	40
Spanish	450	230	215	230	95	135
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	115	75	40	90	50	45
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	10	10	10
Other European origins	490	215	270	295	125	170
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	255	90	165	150	50	100
Roma (Gypsy)	25	20	10	25	15	10
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	210	105	105	115	60	55
Caribbean origins	585	290	295	380	235	140
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	30	10	25	55	30	25
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	35	25	10	20	15	10
Dominican	0	0	0	15	0	10
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Jamaican	295	155	135	210	135	75
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	15	0	10	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	55	20	30	35	30	10
Vincentian/Grenadinian	30	35	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	90	30	60	25	15	10
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	20	10	10	20	15	10
Latin, Central and South American origins	435	235	200	220	105	110
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	20	15	0	30	15	15
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	35	15	20	15	10	10
Chilean	10	10	10	0	0	10
Colombian	10	10	0	15	10	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	55	30	30	35	15	15
Hispanic	10	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	10	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	220	130	85	65	30	40
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	10	10	0	30	25	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	30	10	25	10	10	10
African origins	540	215	325	190	100	95
Central and West African origins	25	20	10	25	10	10
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	10	10	0	10	10	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	15	10	10	10	10	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins	100	60	40	20	15	0
Algerian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	10	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	40	20	20	0	0	0
Libyan	40	25	15	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	15	10	10	10	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	75	30	45	55	35	20
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	10	15	15	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	10	0	0	10	10	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	15	10	10	15	0	10
South African	60	30	25	15	0	10
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	335	110	230	95	40	60
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	80	15	70	10	0	10
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	255	95	165	85	35	50
Asian origins	1,730	825	905	1,595	770	830
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	360	205	155	295	165	135
Afghan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	125	65	65	25	15	10
Armenian	30	15	10	60	40	25
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	30	20	15	75	25	50
Iraqi	30	10	25	0	0	0
Israeli	10	10	0	0	10	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	60	35	20	25	10	10
Palestinian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	15	15	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	25	15	10	50	25	25
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	10	0	0	0	0
Turk	30	20	15	15	10	10
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	20	0	10
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	450	220	225	700	365	330
Bangladeshi	30	15	15	35	10	25
Bengali	0	0	0	10	10	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	380	185	190	525	280	245
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	35	15	20
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	0	10	0	0	0
Pakistani	10	10	10	125	65	65
Punjabi	45	15	30	20	10	10
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	10	0	0	10	10	0
Tamil	0	0	0	10	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	930	410	525	650	275	375
Burmese	10	10	0	10	10	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Chinese	440	210	225	320	140	175
Filipino	170	50	115	175	70	105
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	20	0	15	10	0	10
Japanese	85	45	40	60	25	35
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	145	60	85	75	30	50
Laotian	45	25	20	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	10	15	0	15
Mongolian	25	0	25	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	10	0	10
Taiwanese	30	15	15	10	0	0
Thai	30	10	15	10	0	10
Tibetan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	65	45	25	10	10	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	15	10	0
Other Asian origins	20	10	20	10	0	10
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	20	10	20	0	0	10
Oceania origins	105	65	40	55	30	20
Australian	40	30	10	40	25	15
New Zealander	20	15	10	0	10	0
Pacific Islands origins	50	25	25	10	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	10	10	0	10	10	0
Maori	45	25	25	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	45,360	...	...	28,865	...	...
Owner	35,110	...	...	23,530	...	...
Renter	10,205	...	...	5,285	...	...
Band housing	50	...	...	50	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	45,360	...	...	28,865	...	...
Condominium	1,025	...	...	1,085	...	...
Not condominium	44,335	...	...	27,775	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	45,360	...	...	28,865	...	...
No bedrooms	95	...	...	50	...	...
1 bedroom	3,900	...	...	1,660	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,865	...	...	5,915	...	...
3 bedrooms	19,100	...	...	12,285	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	12,405	...	...	8,955	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	45,360	...	...	28,865	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,810	...	...	4,090	...	...
5 rooms	6,020	...	...	3,705	...	...
6 rooms	7,885	...	...	4,620	...	...
7 rooms	7,235	...	...	4,755	...	...
8 or more rooms	16,410	...	...	11,700	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.8	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	45,360	...	...	28,865	...	...
One person or fewer per room	45,155	...	...	28,710	...	...
More than 1 person per room	210	...	...	160	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	45,360	...	...	28,870	...	...
Suitable	44,285	...	...	28,355	...	...
Not suitable	1,075	...	...	515	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	45,360	...	...	28,865	...	...
1960 or before	17,045	...	...	9,250	...	...
1961 to 1980	11,200	...	...	8,500	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,235	...	...	3,475	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,825	...	...	2,740	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,140	...	...	1,395	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,300	...	...	1,965	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	1,610	...	...	1,535	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	45,360	...	...	28,870	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	41,975	...	...	26,845	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,385	...	...	2,015	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	45,360	...	...	28,865	...	...
1 household maintainer	26,555	...	...	17,535	...	...
2 household maintainers	18,165	...	...	11,100	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	640	...	...	230	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	45,360	...	...	28,865	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,035	...	...	510	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,535	...	...	3,500	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,765	...	...	3,775	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,000	...	...	4,590	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,425	...	...	6,775	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,960	...	...	5,730	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,805	...	...	2,945	...	...
85 years and over	1,835	...	...	1,035	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	42,460	...	...	26,720	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	32,010	...	...	21,200	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,455	...	...	5,515	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,385	...	...	4,925	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	32,530	...	...	21,625	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	53.4	...	...	51.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	17.5	...	...	14.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	929	...	...	896	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,092	...	...	1,120	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	259,547	...	...	274,563	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	316,645	...	...	315,055	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,010	...	...	5,125	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	18.3	...	...	16.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	47.7	...	...	45.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	820	...	...	836	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	847	...	...	878	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	88,955	43,665	45,285	55,970	27,695	28,280
No certificate, diploma or degree	20,470	10,895	9,575	11,080	5,780	5,300
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	25,610	12,455	13,160	14,885	7,110	7,770
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,870	20,315	22,555	30,005	14,805	15,205
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,335	6,090	2,245	5,975	4,570	1,405
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	3,505	2,195	1,310	2,305	1,455	850
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	4,830	3,890	935	3,665	3,115	555
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	21,325	8,385	12,940	14,690	6,060	8,635
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,690	780	905	1,240	540	700
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	11,530	5,060	6,470	8,105	3,635	4,470
Bachelor's degree	7,775	3,195	4,585	5,960	2,670	3,295
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,045	440	605	565	195	370
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	430	280	150	185	105	85
Master's degree	2,020	995	1,025	1,260	590	665
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	250	150	105	135	75	60
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	53,490	26,305	27,180	34,260	16,950	17,305
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,535	5,035	3,500	4,230	2,415	1,820
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	15,475	7,840	7,625	9,055	4,445	4,615
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	29,485	13,430	16,055	20,965	10,095	10,870
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,295	3,925	1,370	3,820	2,965	855
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	2,190	1,425	770	1,420	910	505
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	3,105	2,505	600	2,405	2,055	350
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	15,635	6,080	9,555	10,785	4,470	6,310
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	795	385	410	645	295	345
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	7,765	3,035	4,720	5,715	2,360	3,355
Bachelor's degree	5,350	2,045	3,305	4,310	1,840	2,470
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	660	220	430	350	70	275
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	275	140	140	120	50	65
Master's degree	1,360	575	785	850	355	500
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	120	60	60	85	45	40
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	88,955	43,665	45,290	55,970	27,690	28,280
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	46,080	23,350	22,730	25,965	12,890	13,075
Education	3,050	805	2,245	2,165	560	1,605
13. Education	3,055	805	2,250	2,165	560	1,605
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,480	670	805	795	355	445
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	210	185	20	100	85	15
50. Visual and performing arts	1,270	485	785	695	270	420
Humanities	1,985	790	1,190	1,125	395	735
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	115	20	95	45	10	40
23. English language and literature/letters	545	175	365	245	55	190
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	435	175	265	340	125	210
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	0	10	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	100	50	55	65	25	40
39. Theology and religious vocations	395	230	165	185	90	90
54. History	275	125	145	190	85	105
55. French language and literature/letters	110	10	95	60	10	55
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,800	1,095	2,705	2,505	625	1,875
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15	15	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	240	115	130	215	95	120
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,195	60	1,135	750	40	710
22. Legal professions and studies	615	195	420	375	85	285
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	130	10	115	65	10	65
42. Psychology	555	140	415	350	95	250
45. Social sciences	1,050	575	475	735	295	435
Business, management and public administration	6,920	2,220	4,700	4,600	1,360	3,235
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0	15	20	10	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	780	150	635	385	60	330
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,120	2,065	4,050	4,195	1,295	2,900
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,000	550	445	960	610	350
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	435	175	260	290	95	195
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	205	110	95	150	90	60
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	285	220	55	305	265	45
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	40	30	220	165	50
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	860	465	390	570	285	280
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	560	315	245	395	220	180
25. Library science	80	15	70	60	10	55
27. Mathematics and statistics	195	130	70	95	50	45
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	25	10	15	15	10	10
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	9,865	9,300	570	8,830	8,170	660
04. Architecture and related services	220	170	50	135	100	30
14. Engineering	715	635	75	1,355	1,125	230
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	2,080	1,815	255	2,065	1,810	255
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,610	2,570	40	2,140	2,120	20
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,945	2,870	75	2,200	2,130	70
48. Precision production	1,305	1,240	70	945	885	60
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,645	1,165	475	1,035	715	320
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	1,190	810	375	765	535	230
03. Natural resources and conservation	455	355	100	275	185	90
Health and related fields	8,480	1,295	7,185	4,890	605	4,290
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	720	295	425	445	220	225
51. Health professions and related programs	7,665	935	6,725	4,430	380	4,055
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	95	60	35	15	10	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,775	1,950	1,820	2,515	1,120	1,395
12. Personal and culinary services	1,960	445	1,515	1,325	185	1,135
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	25	0	15	15	0
43. Security and protective services	1,020	770	245	680	440	245
49. Transportation and materials moving	770	710	60	495	480	15
Other	20	0	20	25	0	25
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	20	0	20	25	0	25
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	53,490	26,305	27,185	34,255	16,955	17,300
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	24,005	12,875	11,130	13,290	6,860	6,430
Education	1,745	445	1,300	1,170	270	900
13. Education	1,750	450	1,300	1,165	270	900
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,050	435	615	530	235	290
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	140	115	25	65	55	10
50. Visual and performing arts	910	315	590	465	185	280
Humanities	1,265	510	760	725	205	515
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	75	10	65	20	0	25
23. English language and literature/letters	335	100	235	175	15	160
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	280	125	150	220	80	145
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	75	25	45	30	15	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	265	160	110	125	60	70
54. History	170	80	85	110	35	75
55. French language and literature/letters	65	10	60	40	10	35
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,755	625	2,125	1,845	410	1,440
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	10	15	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	185	80	105	170	80	90
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	970	40	930	590	30	565
22. Legal professions and studies	515	130	385	325	70	260
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	95	10	85	45	0	40
42. Psychology	360	75	285	230	45	190
45. Social sciences	620	295	320	460	175	290
Business, management and public administration	4,825	1,415	3,410	3,305	870	2,440
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	10	10	10	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	600	100	500	300	35	270
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,210	1,315	2,895	2,995	835	2,165
Physical and life sciences and technologies	675	360	315	730	450	280
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	315	130	190	225	75	150
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	130	70	60	100	50	45
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	0	10	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	160	120	40	225	180	40
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	35	25	185	145	45
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	635	340	295	410	210	195
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	460	265	195	290	165	125
25. Library science	45	10	40	30	10	30
27. Mathematics and statistics	120	70	50	75	35	40
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	15	0	15	15	0	10
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	6,615	6,185	435	6,225	5,680	540
04. Architecture and related services	135	95	35	120	85	35
14. Engineering	360	305	55	1,035	830	205
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,460	1,265	195	1,535	1,330	205
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,785	1,755	25	1,435	1,420	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,965	1,905	55	1,485	1,440	45
48. Precision production	910	850	60	625	580	45
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,205	845	365	770	525	245
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	875	590	280	540	375	170
03. Natural resources and conservation	335	250	80	225	155	75
Health and related fields	5,935	830	5,105	3,395	420	2,975
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	520	205	315	355	185	175
51. Health professions and related programs	5,350	585	4,760	3,030	230	2,800
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	65	40	30	10	0	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,750	1,435	1,320	1,845	820	1,025
12. Personal and culinary services	1,370	315	1,055	945	145	795
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	10	10	0
43. Security and protective services	795	585	210	530	320	210
49. Transportation and materials moving	575	520	55	360	340	10
Other	15	0	15	15	0	20
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	20	0	15	20	0	20
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	88,950	43,665	45,285	55,970	27,690	28,275
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	46,080	23,350	22,730	25,965	12,890	13,075
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	42,875	20,320	22,555	30,005	14,800	15,200
Location of study inside Canada	39,965	18,760	21,210	27,895	13,700	14,200
Same as province or territory of residence	38,215	18,000	20,210	26,660	13,150	13,510
Different than province or territory of residence	1,755	760	995	1,235	550	690
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	2,905	1,560	1,345	2,110	1,105	1,005
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	850	435	410	530	270	260
Philippines	60	20	45	75	25	50
India	80	30	50	170	75	100
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	750	420	325	640	390	250
China^{Census data footnote 162}	35	0	25	75	40	35
France	15	15	10	0	0	10
Other	1,125	640	485	615	305	305
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	53,485	26,305	27,180	34,255	16,955	17,300
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	24,005	12,875	11,130	13,295	6,860	6,430
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	29,485	13,430	16,055	20,965	10,095	10,870
Location of study inside Canada	27,945	12,675	15,270	19,710	9,500	10,210
Same as province or territory of residence	26,710	12,160	14,550	18,910	9,135	9,775
Different than province or territory of residence	1,240	515	720	800	365	440
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	1,540	750	790	1,255	590	660
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	545	270	275	375	180	190
Philippines	45	10	35	50	10	40
India	65	25	45	155	65	90
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	265	145	125	260	140	120
China^{Census data footnote 162}	20	0	20	65	30	35
France	15	10	0	10	0	10
Other	590	300	285	350	170	185
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	88,950	43,670	45,285	55,970	27,690	28,275
In the labour force	53,730	27,935	25,795	33,635	17,845	15,790
Employed	50,375	26,220	24,160	31,540	16,750	14,785
Unemployed	3,355	1,715	1,640	2,100	1,090	1,000
Not in the labour force	35,220	15,735	19,490	22,335	9,850	12,485
Participation rate	60.4	64.0	57.0	60.1	64.4	55.8
Employment rate	56.6	60.0	53.4	56.4	60.5	52.3
Unemployment rate	6.2	6.1	6.4	6.2	6.1	6.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	88,955	43,665	45,285	55,970	27,690	28,280
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	32,055	14,205	17,845	20,065	8,600	11,465
Worked	56,895	29,460	27,445	35,905	19,090	16,820
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	29,355	16,770	12,585	18,580	11,135	7,450
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	27,540	12,685	14,855	17,320	7,960	9,365
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.1	43.6	42.6	42.9	43.6	42.1
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	53,730	27,930	25,800	33,635	17,845	15,785
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	735	335	395	385	175	205
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	53,000	27,590	25,405	33,250	17,670	15,580
Employee	43,580	21,835	21,745	27,820	14,395	13,425
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	9,415	5,755	3,660	5,430	3,275	2,150
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	53,730	27,935	25,800	33,635	17,845	15,785
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	730	335	390	385	175	205
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	52,995	27,595	25,405	33,250	17,675	15,580
0 Management occupations	6,330	4,055	2,270	4,140	2,710	1,430
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,195	1,265	4,935	3,880	835	3,050
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,935	1,570	370	1,890	1,465	430
3 Health occupations	4,120	645	3,475	2,195	260	1,935
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,290	1,635	3,650	3,055	830	2,225
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,300	545	750	740	275	460
6 Sales and service occupations	11,950	4,410	7,540	7,430	2,640	4,790
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,025	9,365	665	6,040	5,675	365
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,085	1,515	565	1,385	1,020	365
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,780	2,590	1,190	2,490	1,965	530
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	53,730	27,930	25,795	33,635	17,845	15,785
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	735	340	395	380	175	205
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	52,995	27,590	25,405	33,255	17,670	15,580
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,575	2,450	1,125	2,580	1,815	765
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	470	420	50	340	290	45
22 Utilities	1,160	1,005	155	4,530	3,470	1,060
23 Construction	5,315	4,710	610	3,280	2,890	390
31-33 Manufacturing	6,175	4,285	1,895	2,215	1,550	660
41 Wholesale trade	1,330	1,000	325	810	590	225
44-45 Retail trade	6,450	2,750	3,700	3,730	1,560	2,170
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,030	1,450	580	930	625	305
51 Information and cultural industries	640	375	260	390	195	200
52 Finance and insurance	1,225	340	885	655	155	500
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	760	395	365	425	205	220
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,125	1,005	1,120	1,255	670	585
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	0	10	15	0	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,145	1,210	935	880	410	470
61 Educational services	2,860	805	2,055	1,745	400	1,350
62 Health care and social assistance	7,340	1,000	6,345	3,635	355	3,275
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,215	555	665	605	255	345
72 Accommodation and food services	3,405	1,245	2,155	2,355	775	1,580
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,575	1,340	1,240	1,555	770	785
91 Public administration	2,185	1,255	930	1,330	690	640
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	50,375	26,215	24,160	31,535	16,755	14,780
Worked at home	6,345	3,465	2,880	4,010	2,155	1,855
Worked outside Canada	90	60	30	55	30	20
No fixed workplace address	6,395	4,840	1,550	3,275	2,475	795
Worked at usual place	37,555	17,855	19,700	24,205	12,100	12,110
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	37,555	17,850	19,695	24,205	12,100	12,110
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	15,100	6,660	8,440	11,140	5,185	5,950
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	11,790	5,240	6,550	6,965	4,065	2,905
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	10,495	5,850	4,645	6,000	2,805	3,200
Commute to a different province or territory	165	110	60	95	55	50
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	43,940	22,690	21,245	27,475	14,570	12,910
Car, truck, van - as a driver	37,095	19,420	17,680	23,635	12,670	10,965
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	2,845	1,445	1,405	1,635	835	800
Public transit	300	75	225	185	105	80
Walked	2,915	1,300	1,620	1,640	700	940
Bicycle	340	230	115	170	120	50
Other method	435	225	210	215	145	75
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	43,940	22,695	21,250	27,475	14,570	12,910
Less than 15 minutes	16,435	7,570	8,870	10,695	4,815	5,875
15 to 29 minutes	13,520	6,580	6,935	8,525	4,710	3,810
30 to 44 minutes	7,185	3,740	3,445	5,095	2,945	2,150
45 to 59 minutes	2,665	1,700	960	1,725	1,060	665
60 minutes and over	4,145	3,105	1,035	1,440	1,040	400
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	43,940	22,690	21,245	27,480	14,570	12,910
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,435	2,375	1,065	2,280	1,695	585
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,210	5,415	2,795	6,290	4,465	1,830
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,940	6,705	5,235	7,295	3,980	3,310
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,235	3,210	6,025	5,620	1,815	3,800
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,195	1,365	2,830	2,295	700	1,595
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,925	3,620	3,305	3,700	1,915	1,780
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	58,435	30,185	28,250	36,895	19,550	17,340
Single responses	58,330	30,140	28,190	36,825	19,525	17,305
Official languages	57,685	29,780	27,900	36,285	19,240	17,045
English	57,510	29,725	27,785	36,200	19,225	16,975
French	175	55	120	85	10	70
Non-official languages	645	355	290	540	285	260
Aboriginal languages	10	0	0	10	10	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	10	10	0	10	0	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	635	355	280	530	280	255
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	10	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	15	10	10	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	610	340	270	530	280	255
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	605	335	265	520	270	245
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	105	50	55	65	35	35
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	505	290	215	450	235	215
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	10	0	15	10	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	10	0	10
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	10	10	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Cantonese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	0	10	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	100	45	60	65	30	40
English and French	30	15	15	25	10	10
English and non-official language	75	30	45	45	15	30
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	58,435	30,185	28,250	36,895	19,550	17,345
None	57,235	29,645	27,585	36,065	19,210	16,855
English	340	180	160	275	130	145
French	450	150	300	290	85	205
Non-official language	390	195	195	240	110	135
Aboriginal	60	15	45	60	10	40
Non-Aboriginal	330	185	150	185	100	90
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	20	15	10	25	15	15
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	104,115	51,430	52,680	65,940	32,770	33,170
Non-movers	93,310	46,130	47,185	59,150	29,435	29,715
Movers	10,800	5,305	5,500	6,785	3,330	3,455
Non-migrants	4,335	2,080	2,255	3,020	1,465	1,555
Migrants	6,465	3,215	3,245	3,765	1,860	1,905
Internal migrants	6,230	3,125	3,105	3,590	1,780	1,805
Intraprovincial migrants	5,860	2,930	2,935	3,315	1,650	1,665
Interprovincial migrants	370	200	170	275	130	145
External migrants	240	90	145	180	85	100
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	99,775	49,210	50,565	62,935	31,305	31,630
Non-movers	68,510	34,090	34,425	44,075	22,125	21,950
Movers	31,265	15,120	16,145	18,860	9,180	9,680
Non-migrants	12,855	6,180	6,675	8,245	4,045	4,200
Migrants	18,410	8,945	9,465	10,615	5,130	5,480
Internal migrants	17,895	8,685	9,210	10,205	4,930	5,275
Intraprovincial migrants	17,120	8,285	8,835	9,720	4,700	5,025
Interprovincial migrants	775	400	375	485	235	250
External migrants	510	250	255	410	200	210

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Bruce--Grey--Owen Sound [Federal electoral district], Ontario and Bruce, CTY [Census division], Ontario (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed November 18, 2025).

Date modified:: 2024-07-12

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Bruce--Grey--Owen Sound [Federal electoral district], Ontario and Bruce, County [Census division], Ontario

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Census Profile, 2016 Census Bruce--Grey--Owen Sound [Federal electoral district], Ontario and Bruce, County [Census division], Ontario

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Bruce--Grey--Owen Sound [Federal electoral district], Ontario and Bruce, County [Census division], Ontario