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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Markham--Unionville [Federal electoral district], Ontario and Nova Scotia [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Markham--Unionville Ontario [Federal electoral district]			Nova Scotia [Province]
	Data quality , Markham--Unionville [Federal electoral district], Ontario Map : Markham--Unionville [Federal electoral district], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Nova Scotia [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	123,318	...	...	923,598	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	104,693	...	...	921,727	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	17.8	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	39,948	...	...	458,568	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	38,557	...	...	401,990	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,462.2	...	...	17.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	84.34	...	...	52,942.27	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	123,315	59,835	63,485	923,600	446,885	476,715
0 to 14 years	21,570	11,170	10,405	133,825	68,370	65,455
0 to 4 years	6,495	3,370	3,120	42,005	21,365	20,640
5 to 9 years	7,405	3,820	3,580	45,980	23,650	22,330
10 to 14 years	7,670	3,975	3,695	45,845	23,350	22,490
15 to 64 years	84,865	40,800	44,065	605,950	295,100	310,845
15 to 19 years	8,495	4,405	4,090	51,255	26,240	25,015
20 to 24 years	7,925	4,135	3,785	56,160	28,150	28,010
25 to 29 years	7,630	3,790	3,835	53,725	26,790	26,940
30 to 34 years	7,200	3,445	3,760	51,730	25,130	26,600
35 to 39 years	7,555	3,415	4,140	52,010	24,560	27,450
40 to 44 years	9,380	4,190	5,190	57,050	27,245	29,805
45 to 49 years	10,120	4,675	5,445	61,890	29,720	32,170
50 to 54 years	10,170	4,870	5,300	75,675	36,615	39,065
55 to 59 years	8,835	4,225	4,605	76,505	36,925	39,580
60 to 64 years	7,575	3,650	3,920	69,960	33,735	36,225
65 years and over	16,880	7,865	9,015	183,820	83,415	100,405
65 to 69 years	6,140	2,980	3,165	63,710	30,810	32,905
70 to 74 years	3,875	1,880	1,995	45,005	21,520	23,485
75 to 79 years	2,900	1,360	1,540	31,545	14,520	17,030
80 to 84 years	2,085	975	1,110	21,915	9,425	12,495
85 years and over	1,875	665	1,210	21,645	7,140	14,505
85 to 89 years	1,140	440	705	13,205	4,845	8,360
90 to 94 years	560	170	385	6,320	1,830	4,485
95 to 99 years	155	50	105	1,855	415	1,430
100 years and over	25	10	15	270	45	225
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.5	18.7	16.4	14.5	15.3	13.7
15 to 64 years	68.8	68.2	69.4	65.6	66.0	65.2
65 years and over	13.7	13.1	14.2	19.9	18.7	21.1
85 years and over	1.5	1.1	1.9	2.3	1.6	3.0
Average age of the population	39.5	38.6	40.4	43.5	42.5	44.4
Median age of the population	40.8	39.4	41.8	45.5	44.5	46.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	38,555	...	...	401,990	...	...
Single-detached house	22,760	...	...	263,470	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	5,110	...	...	21,350	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	10,685	...	...	102,300	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,470	...	...	20,465	...	...
Row house	6,570	...	...	10,215	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	395	...	...	12,435	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	255	...	...	58,405	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	780	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	0	...	...	14,870	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	38,555	...	...	401,990	...	...
1 person	4,765	...	...	118,670	...	...
2 persons	9,365	...	...	156,825	...	...
3 persons	8,780	...	...	60,250	...	...
4 persons	9,440	...	...	44,970	...	...
5 or more persons	6,205	...	...	21,275	...	...
Number of persons in private households	122,660	...	...	908,340	...	...
Average household size	3.2	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	101,750	48,665	53,080	789,770	378,515	411,255
Married or living common law	65,120	32,275	32,850	454,970	227,220	227,750
Married	62,370	30,900	31,465	369,695	184,705	184,990
Living common law	2,755	1,375	1,380	85,275	42,515	42,760
Not married and not living common law	36,625	16,395	20,235	334,800	151,295	183,505
Never married	26,870	14,000	12,865	209,455	110,175	99,280
Separated	1,520	505	1,015	24,105	10,450	13,655
Divorced	4,085	1,200	2,890	48,835	19,715	29,115
Widowed	4,160	690	3,470	52,405	10,955	41,455
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	36,110	...	...	270,965	...	...
2 persons	12,875	...	...	157,600	...	...
3 persons	10,205	...	...	56,625	...	...
4 persons	10,430	...	...	41,095	...	...
5 or more persons	2,595	...	...	15,645	...	...
Average size of census families	3.1	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	36,110	...	...	270,965	...	...
Total couple families	31,465	...	...	224,065	...	...
Married couples	30,090	...	...	181,435	...	...
Common-law couples	1,375	...	...	42,630	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	4,645	...	...	46,900	...	...
Female parent	3,850	...	...	37,595	...	...
Male parent	790	...	...	9,305	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	31,465	...	...	224,065	...	...
Couples without children	10,075	...	...	128,125	...	...
Couples with children	21,390	...	...	95,940	...	...
1 child	8,765	...	...	43,810	...	...
2 children	10,100	...	...	37,595	...	...
3 or more children	2,525	...	...	14,535	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	4,640	...	...	46,900	...	...
1 child	2,800	...	...	29,480	...	...
2 children	1,440	...	...	12,810	...	...
3 or more children	400	...	...	4,610	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	11,105	4,335	6,770	175,575	81,140	94,435
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	38,555	...	...	401,990	...	...
One-census-family households	30,105	...	...	260,280	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	7,460	...	...	124,000	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	22,645	...	...	136,280	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	2,920	...	...	5,285	...	...
Non-census-family households	5,540	...	...	136,425	...	...
One-person households	4,770	...	...	118,675	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	770	...	...	17,750	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	122,975	59,750	63,220	912,300	442,470	469,830
English only	102,745	51,070	51,670	813,480	398,950	414,530
French only	35	15	15	705	305	400
English and French	6,940	3,060	3,880	95,380	41,925	53,460
Neither English nor French	13,260	5,605	7,650	2,735	1,295	1,440
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	122,970	59,750	63,220	912,295	442,470	469,830
English	107,995	53,355	54,640	879,465	426,535	452,930
French	765	355	405	28,490	13,890	14,600
English and French	1,090	495	595	1,760	825	930
Neither English nor French	13,120	5,545	7,580	2,585	1,215	1,365
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	1,310	605	700	29,370	14,300	15,070
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.1	1.0	1.1	3.2	3.2	3.2
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	122,970	59,755	63,220	912,295	442,470	469,830
Single responses	117,720	57,185	60,530	904,240	438,550	465,690
Official languages	36,595	18,900	17,700	859,690	416,245	443,445
English	35,930	18,595	17,335	830,220	401,980	428,240
French	670	305	365	29,465	14,265	15,205
Non-official languages	81,120	38,285	42,835	44,550	22,305	22,245
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	4,290	2,020	2,270
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	4,210	1,985	2,225
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	15	10	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	4,190	1,975	2,215
Malecite	0	0	0	10	5	5
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	4,185	1,970	2,215
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	10	0	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	5	5	5
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	5	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	60	30	35
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Inuktitut	0	0	0	55	30	30
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	5	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	81,120	38,285	42,830	40,260	20,285	19,975
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,180	570	615	7,760	4,275	3,480
Berber languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	5	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Cushitic languages	45	15	30	130	65	65
Bilen	0	0	0	5	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	60	30	25
Somali	45	15	30	50	20	30
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Semitic languages	1,130	550	585	7,615	4,205	3,415
Amharic	10	5	5	115	50	65
Arabic	1,080	520	560	7,110	3,950	3,165
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	5	5	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	5
Harari	10	5	5	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	10	5	210	115	95
Maltese	10	5	5	15	10	5
Tigrigna	5	5	5	140	65	80
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	10	5	10
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	390	175	215	505	245	260
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	5	5	5	5
Vietnamese	370	165	210	490	240	250
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,250	485	760	2,235	940	1,300
Bikol	5	0	0	5	5	5
Cebuano	20	5	15	150	60	90
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	0	5	25	10	15
Ilocano	40	10	30	55	15	40
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	5	0
Malay	160	65	90	55	25	35
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	5	15	5	5
Pangasinan	0	0	5	5	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,010	385	625	1,905	810	1,090
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	5	0	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	15
Creole languages	70	35	40	95	60	35
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	5	5	0
Creole, n.o.s.	50	25	25	35	20	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	55	35	20
Dravidian languages	2,160	1,035	1,125	1,010	595	420
Kannada	15	10	5	40	20	15
Malayalam	95	45	45	365	205	165
Tamil	1,980	935	1,045	315	185	130
Telugu	70	40	30	285	180	110
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10,060	4,880	5,175	18,590	9,320	9,270
Albanian	25	15	15	275	130	140
Armenian	495	245	245	35	30	10
Balto-Slavic languages	995	460	535	3,470	1,645	1,830
Baltic languages	30	10	20	100	35	60
Latvian	15	10	10	50	20	30
Lithuanian	15	0	10	45	15	30
Slavic languages	970	450	515	3,375	1,610	1,765
Belarusan	0	0	0	5	5	5
Bosnian	0	0	0	120	60	65
Bulgarian	25	10	15	55	25	30
Croatian	35	15	20	225	105	115
Czech	15	10	10	205	105	100
Macedonian	395	190	210	20	10	15
Polish	125	65	65	795	365	435
Russian	225	90	135	1,285	615	670
Serbian	55	40	20	115	60	65
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	80	40	40
Slovak	15	10	5	100	45	55
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	35	15	15
Ukrainian	45	20	30	320	155	170
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	5	5	5
Celtic languages	5	5	0	185	80	100
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	145	65	85
Welsh	0	0	0	30	10	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Germanic languages	405	205	200	5,700	2,800	2,900
Afrikaans	5	0	5	120	55	60
Danish	15	10	5	160	105	60
Dutch	75	45	35	1,620	815	805
Frisian	5	0	0	35	20	15
German	270	135	140	3,435	1,645	1,790
Icelandic	0	0	0	45	20	20
Norwegian	0	0	0	110	60	50
Swedish	20	10	10	110	45	65
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	25	10	10
Yiddish	10	5	5	20	10	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	20	5	15
Greek	915	450	460	760	390	365
Indo-Iranian languages	5,040	2,435	2,610	4,835	2,650	2,190
Indo-Aryan languages	4,025	1,930	2,090	3,385	1,895	1,490
Bengali	150	80	70	475	290	185
Gujarati	1,090	510	570	195	125	70
Hindi	640	310	330	745	445	300
Kashmiri	5	5	5	10	5	5
Konkani	10	5	10	5	5	5
Marathi	55	30	35	70	35	35
Nepali	10	5	5	530	255	275
Oriya (Odia)	10	5	5	10	5	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	530	255	280	585	310	270
Sindhi	230	95	135	20	10	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	115	55	60	165	85	85
Urdu	1,170	575	590	575	330	245
Iranian languages	1,005	495	505	1,425	740	690
Kurdish	20	10	5	115	65	50
Pashto	50	20	30	80	45	35
Persian (Farsi)	935	465	470	1,230	630	605
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	25	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages	2,175	1,065	1,115	3,335	1,605	1,730
Catalan	5	0	0	10	5	5
Italian	1,155	575	580	745	400	340
Portuguese	220	100	120	520	245	270
Romanian	190	90	95	225	110	120
Spanish	610	295	310	1,830	840	985
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	5	0
Japanese	165	55	110	360	100	260
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Korean	525	240	285	1,095	475	620
Mongolic languages	5	0	0	5	5	5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	5	0
Niger-Congo languages	85	40	50	630	325	305
Akan (Twi)	15	5	10	40	25	25
Bamanankan	0	0	0	15	5	5
Edo	0	0	0	5	0	5
Ewe	0	0	0	40	25	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ga	0	0	0	10	5	5
Ganda	0	0	0	20	5	15
Igbo	15	5	15	45	20	20
Lingala	0	0	0	5	0	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	20	10	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	50	15	30
Shona	5	0	0	30	15	15
Swahili	25	10	15	135	65	70
Wolof	0	0	0	10	10	0
Yoruba	10	5	0	65	35	30
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	5	140	75	70
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	75	40	40
Dinka	0	0	0	20	10	10
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	25	25
Sign languages	15	10	5	190	90	100
American Sign Language	0	0	0	85	40	50
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	15	10	10	105	50	55
Sino-Tibetan languages	64,935	30,635	34,300	6,665	3,335	3,330
Chinese languages	64,875	30,605	34,275	6,635	3,320	3,315
Cantonese	38,995	18,575	20,420	1,145	535	610
Hakka	715	325	385	20	5	15
Mandarin	23,005	10,735	12,265	4,640	2,325	2,315
Min Dong	50	25	35	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	805	365	440	120	50	70
Wu (Shanghainese)	555	245	310	50	30	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	735	330	405	645	365	280
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	15	5	10
Tibeto-Burman languages	60	30	30	30	15	20
Burmese	55	25	25	15	5	10
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	5	0	5	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages	45	15	25	155	55	100
Lao	25	10	10	10	0	5
Thai	20	0	15	150	50	100
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	80	40	40	445	240	205
Azerbaijani	10	5	5	10	10	5
Turkish	70	40	35	305	165	140
Uyghur	0	0	5	5	5	5
Uzbek	0	0	0	110	60	50
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uralic languages	155	80	75	415	180	235
Estonian	30	15	15	40	20	25
Finnish	20	5	15	95	30	60
Hungarian	105	55	45	275	130	150
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Multiple responses	5,250	2,565	2,685	8,060	3,920	4,140
English and French	185	95	95	3,445	1,600	1,850
English and non-official language	4,830	2,360	2,470	4,180	2,110	2,070
French and non-official language	80	45	35	225	115	105
English, French and non-official language	155	70	85	210	90	120
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	122,975	59,750	63,215	912,300	442,470	469,830
Single responses	109,825	53,375	56,450	900,755	436,755	464,000
Official languages	52,740	26,515	26,220	878,015	425,220	452,795
English	52,470	26,400	26,065	863,550	418,315	445,240
French	270	115	155	14,460	6,910	7,560
Non-official languages	57,085	26,860	30,225	22,740	11,540	11,205
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	2,570	1,285	1,295
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	2,565	1,280	1,285
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	2,560	1,280	1,280
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	2,560	1,275	1,280
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	5	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	5	0	5
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	57,085	26,860	30,225	20,170	10,255	9,915
Afro-Asiatic languages	485	215	265	4,630	2,450	2,180
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	20	5	10	85	40	45
Bilen	0	0	0	5	0	5
Oromo	0	0	0	45	20	25
Somali	20	10	15	25	10	15
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	5
Semitic languages	465	210	255	4,540	2,405	2,130
Amharic	5	0	0	55	25	30
Arabic	450	205	245	4,260	2,270	1,990
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	5	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	5	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	125	70	55
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	5	0	0	95	40	55
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	135	70	65	330	160	165
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vietnamese	130	70	65	330	165	170
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	410	185	230	1,140	550	585
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	5	5	55	20	35
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	0	0	5	5	5
Ilocano	0	0	0	15	5	5
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	55	30	30	0	0	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	5	5	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	335	150	185	1,065	520	545
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	35	20	15	35	20	20
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	35	20	15	15	5	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	25	10	15
Dravidian languages	1,250	575	680	425	240	185
Kannada	10	5	5	15	5	10
Malayalam	45	25	25	140	75	60
Tamil	1,160	525	635	140	80	60
Telugu	40	20	15	125	80	50
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	4,145	1,940	2,205	7,410	3,715	3,690
Albanian	15	5	5	110	60	55
Armenian	260	130	130	15	10	10
Balto-Slavic languages	315	150	170	1,405	680	720
Baltic languages	0	0	5	30	10	15
Latvian	0	5	0	10	5	10
Lithuanian	0	0	0	15	5	10
Slavic languages	315	150	165	1,375	675	700
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	65	30	30
Bulgarian	5	5	5	25	15	10
Croatian	0	0	0	65	25	40
Czech	5	0	5	45	25	20
Macedonian	120	55	65	0	0	0
Polish	40	25	20	235	105	125
Russian	110	50	60	785	385	390
Serbian	30	15	10	60	25	35
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	30	15	10
Slovak	0	0	0	20	10	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	5	5	55	30	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	60	35	30
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	60	35	30
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Germanic languages	35	20	15	1,490	725	760
Afrikaans	0	0	0	30	15	15
Danish	0	0	0	15	0	15
Dutch	0	5	0	135	70	70
Frisian	0	0	0	5	0	0
German	30	15	15	1,225	600	625
Icelandic	0	0	0	30	10	15
Norwegian	0	0	0	20	5	10
Swedish	5	0	5	15	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Yiddish	0	0	0	5	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Greek	315	150	165	270	135	130
Indo-Iranian languages	2,390	1,110	1,280	2,815	1,475	1,335
Indo-Aryan languages	1,795	840	960	1,850	995	860
Bengali	75	35	40	250	135	115
Gujarati	490	220	270	100	60	35
Hindi	260	110	150	310	190	120
Kashmiri	5	5	5	5	5	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	25	10	15	30	15	15
Nepali	5	5	5	475	235	240
Oriya (Odia)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	255	120	135	250	125	125
Sindhi	70	30	40	5	5	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	15	15	95	45	50
Urdu	575	285	290	340	175	165
Iranian languages	595	270	325	960	475	480
Kurdish	10	5	10	85	50	40
Pashto	30	10	15	45	20	20
Persian (Farsi)	555	250	300	825	405	420
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Italic (Romance) languages	810	375	435	1,240	595	645
Catalan	0	0	0	5	0	0
Italian	325	140	185	165	70	85
Portuguese	75	30	40	195	90	105
Romanian	85	40	45	70	35	35
Spanish	325	155	170	810	390	420
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Japanese	85	35	55	110	35	70
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	280	140	145	710	330	385
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	10	165	80	85
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	10	0	10
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	15	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	5	0	0	5	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	5	0	5
Igbo	0	0	0	15	5	5
Lingala	0	0	0	0	5	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	5	0	5	60	30	35
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	5	20	10	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	35	20	20
Dinka	0	0	0	10	5	10
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Sign languages	25	10	10	285	145	140
American Sign Language	5	5	5	110	55	60
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	15	10	10	175	90	80
Sino-Tibetan languages	50,125	23,630	26,500	4,550	2,345	2,200
Chinese languages	50,105	23,620	26,485	4,545	2,345	2,200
Cantonese	30,335	14,280	16,055	640	335	310
Hakka	275	130	150	5	0	0
Mandarin	18,335	8,680	9,650	3,410	1,740	1,675
Min Dong	15	5	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	310	145	170	45	25	25
Wu (Shanghainese)	370	170	200	25	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	460	215	255	415	235	180
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	10	10	5	0	5
Burmese	15	5	10	0	0	0
Karenic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	5	55	20	35
Lao	5	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	5	5	0	55	15	35
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	5	0	0	0
Turkic languages	40	15	25	215	110	105
Azerbaijani	5	5	5	5	5	0
Turkish	35	20	20	140	70	75
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	70	40	30
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Uralic languages	40	15	20	75	35	40
Estonian	10	5	5	5	5	5
Finnish	0	0	0	15	10	5
Hungarian	30	10	20	55	25	30
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Multiple responses	13,145	6,375	6,775	11,540	5,715	5,825
English and French	185	90	95	2,180	995	1,185
English and non-official language	12,735	6,195	6,540	8,970	4,515	4,450
French and non-official language	15	10	10	75	40	30
English, French and non-official language	205	80	130	315	155	160
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	122,970	59,750	63,220	912,295	442,470	469,825
None	81,110	39,550	41,560	861,780	418,525	443,260
English	21,520	10,485	11,040	17,005	8,480	8,525
French	660	280	375	16,390	7,210	9,175
Non-official language	18,995	9,135	9,855	16,275	7,850	8,420
Aboriginal	0	0	0	2,135	930	1,205
Non-Aboriginal	18,990	9,130	9,855	14,135	6,920	7,220
English and French	85	35	45	150	70	80
English and non-official language	435	200	235	220	105	115
French and non-official language	160	70	90	470	230	245
English, French and non-official language	5	5	0	5	5	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	101,105	48,500	52,605	774,750	372,455	402,290
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	95,005	45,450	49,555	744,260	358,055	386,205
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,375	33,402	25,029	31,813	38,379	26,750
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	95,030	45,455	49,575	744,545	358,085	386,455
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	26,505	30,783	23,674	28,627	33,642	24,590
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	85,320	41,555	43,765	648,960	320,380	328,580
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,998	36,303	25,065	29,938	36,363	24,497
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	67,930	29,490	38,435	554,985	243,860	311,130
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	1,447	733	2,304	7,438	8,175	6,961
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	68,410	34,485	33,925	523,020	264,375	258,645
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,077	40,501	30,253	29,979	35,676	25,405
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	101,205	48,525	52,680	774,750	372,455	402,295
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	95,035	45,600	49,435	744,275	357,820	386,455
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,640	56,629	39,350	41,479	49,413	34,132
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	95,060	45,615	49,445	744,560	357,855	386,710
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,655	44,734	33,047	34,175	39,776	28,993
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	85,260	41,615	43,645	648,910	320,370	328,540
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	49,156	59,097	39,677	40,299	48,457	32,345
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	68,255	29,910	38,345	555,740	243,445	312,295
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,930	4,109	5,571	8,495	8,859	8,211
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	68,505	34,535	33,965	523,020	264,475	258,545
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	52,375	61,859	42,732	39,522	46,606	32,275
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	101,205	48,525	52,680	774,750	372,455	402,295
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	33,500	18,505	14,995	245,425	131,095	114,325
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	60,444	67,217	54,155	47,665	53,785	42,236
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	75,878	85,361	64,179	56,820	63,886	48,717
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	92.5	95.2	89.0	84.6	87.7	80.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	78.8	81.9	74.6	66.9	69.7	63.3
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	7.4	4.7	11.0	15.4	12.3	19.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	101,105	48,495	52,605	774,750	372,455	402,295
Without total income	6,100	3,050	3,045	30,485	14,395	16,090
With total income	95,005	45,450	49,560	744,265	358,060	386,205
Percentage with total income	94.0	93.7	94.2	96.1	96.1	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	20,535	9,025	11,515	104,125	43,575	60,545
$10,000 to $19,999	17,800	7,685	10,120	134,355	50,310	84,050
$20,000 to $29,999	10,610	4,760	5,850	114,855	47,195	67,660
$30,000 to $39,999	7,970	3,495	4,470	98,325	45,040	53,280
$40,000 to $49,999	6,880	3,080	3,800	79,435	39,605	39,830
$50,000 to $59,999	5,655	2,630	3,030	57,255	32,255	25,000
$60,000 to $69,999	4,780	2,315	2,470	41,715	25,830	15,885
$70,000 to $79,999	3,875	2,020	1,855	33,195	19,945	13,250
$80,000 to $89,999	3,430	1,885	1,545	25,500	14,900	10,605
$90,000 to $99,999	3,025	1,655	1,370	15,530	10,095	5,435
$100,000 and over	10,445	6,895	3,545	39,965	29,300	10,665
$100,000 to $149,999	6,710	4,215	2,500	28,130	20,205	7,925
$150,000 and over	3,735	2,685	1,055	11,835	9,095	2,745
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	101,100	48,500	52,605	774,750	372,455	402,295
Without after-tax income	6,070	3,040	3,030	30,205	14,370	15,840
With after-tax income	95,030	45,460	49,575	744,540	358,085	386,455
Percentage with after-tax income	94.0	93.7	94.2	96.1	96.1	96.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	20,885	9,145	11,740	108,630	44,435	64,195
$10,000 to $19,999	18,400	8,010	10,390	142,975	54,160	88,815
$20,000 to $29,999	11,825	5,255	6,570	138,435	58,900	79,535
$30,000 to $39,999	9,310	4,130	5,180	119,130	56,990	62,145
$40,000 to $49,999	7,980	3,665	4,310	84,245	46,675	37,565
$50,000 to $59,999	6,470	3,140	3,330	56,235	34,590	21,645
$60,000 to $69,999	5,070	2,705	2,365	39,320	23,195	16,125
$70,000 to $79,999	4,460	2,455	2,000	21,210	13,950	7,260
$80,000 and over	10,635	6,955	3,685	34,360	25,185	9,170
$80,000 to $89,999	3,210	1,905	1,310	11,615	8,185	3,430
$90,000 to $99,999	2,090	1,320	770	6,825	4,950	1,875
$100,000 and over	5,335	3,725	1,605	15,915	12,050	3,860
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	101,100	48,495	52,605	774,745	372,455	402,295
Without employment income	32,690	14,010	18,680	251,730	108,080	143,650
With employment income	68,415	34,485	33,930	523,020	264,370	258,640
Percentage with employment income	67.7	71.1	64.5	67.5	71.0	64.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,445	3,835	4,610	72,940	34,125	38,820
$5,000 to $9,999	5,905	2,605	3,300	45,820	19,475	26,350
$10,000 to $19,999	9,665	4,560	5,100	76,685	33,555	43,130
$20,000 to $29,999	7,040	3,270	3,775	66,155	29,385	36,770
$30,000 to $39,999	6,025	2,800	3,220	60,485	27,455	33,035
$40,000 to $49,999	5,305	2,435	2,865	49,395	24,470	24,925
$50,000 to $59,999	4,475	2,140	2,335	37,685	21,735	15,955
$60,000 to $69,999	3,950	1,960	1,985	28,695	17,955	10,740
$70,000 to $79,999	3,240	1,745	1,495	24,970	14,750	10,220
$80,000 and over	14,365	9,130	5,235	60,175	41,470	18,705
$80,000 to $89,999	2,950	1,645	1,310	20,175	11,645	8,535
$90,000 to $99,999	2,770	1,550	1,215	11,685	7,975	3,715
$100,000 and over	8,655	5,935	2,715	28,310	21,850	6,460
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	38,555	...	...	401,990	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	90,141	...	...	60,764	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	79,118	...	...	53,129	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	4,770	...	...	118,670	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	40,933	...	...	30,377	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,318	...	...	27,511	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	33,790	...	...	283,320	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	99,425	...	...	77,136	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	87,248	...	...	66,538	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	38,595	...	...	401,990	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	117,310	...	...	76,797	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	95,209	...	...	63,299	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,720	...	...	118,705	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	56,968	...	...	39,601	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	45,364	...	...	32,962	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	33,875	...	...	283,285	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	125,720	...	...	92,383	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	102,155	...	...	76,011	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	38,555	...	...	401,990	...	...
Under $5,000	1,055	...	...	6,830	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	560	...	...	7,755	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	755	...	...	12,330	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	920	...	...	20,155	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	955	...	...	20,210	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,345	...	...	18,700	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,330	...	...	21,645	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,255	...	...	19,995	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,240	...	...	19,285	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,145	...	...	18,235	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,260	...	...	33,450	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,275	...	...	30,470	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,100	...	...	27,755	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,050	...	...	24,340	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,970	...	...	20,240	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,340	...	...	100,600	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,060	...	...	38,090	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,400	...	...	24,330	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,545	...	...	23,445	...	...
$200,000 and over	5,330	...	...	14,730	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	38,555	...	...	401,990	...	...
Under $5,000	1,125	...	...	7,145	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	575	...	...	7,885	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	760	...	...	12,545	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	955	...	...	21,370	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,020	...	...	23,030	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,455	...	...	22,365	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,435	...	...	25,495	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,400	...	...	23,945	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,435	...	...	22,630	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,370	...	...	21,635	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,765	...	...	40,585	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,600	...	...	35,920	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,610	...	...	29,795	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,395	...	...	24,160	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,125	...	...	19,275	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,530	...	...	64,210	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,610	...	...	31,985	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,465	...	...	15,940	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,455	...	...	16,280	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	33,530	...	...	269,560	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	98,752	...	...	77,529	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	86,563	...	...	66,728	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.5	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	7,090	...	...	121,200	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	79,588	...	...	71,495	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	69,988	...	...	61,883	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	21,360	...	...	97,460	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	116,554	...	...	104,981	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	101,027	...	...	88,099	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,915	...	...	43,560	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	51,812	...	...	45,597	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,166	...	...	42,309	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	33,585	...	...	269,510	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	125,353	...	...	93,027	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	101,756	...	...	76,371	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	7,030	...	...	121,285	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	113,466	...	...	85,511	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	88,280	...	...	70,143	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	21,360	...	...	97,490	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	140,893	...	...	119,890	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	114,805	...	...	97,021	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,985	...	...	43,470	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	67,395	...	...	54,587	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	58,137	...	...	47,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	6,900	3,150	3,750	157,715	73,825	83,890
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	30,035	31,824	28,688	28,180	30,235	26,673
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	27,867	29,683	26,752	25,848	27,176	24,859
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	6,860	3,135	3,725	157,410	73,440	83,970
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	46,352	51,124	42,335	36,847	38,945	35,012
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	37,524	40,621	34,917	30,893	31,946	29,973
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	122,660	59,660	63,000	908,340	440,700	467,640
In the bottom half of the distribution	55,045	26,260	28,790	519,830	244,725	275,105
In the bottom decile	14,085	6,640	7,440	105,810	49,730	56,080
In the second decile	11,640	5,565	6,075	112,825	49,900	62,920
In the third decile	9,955	4,740	5,215	102,515	48,345	54,175
In the fourth decile	9,470	4,590	4,875	100,645	48,515	52,130
In the fifth decile	9,890	4,715	5,175	98,030	48,235	49,800
In the top half of the distribution	67,610	33,395	34,215	388,510	195,975	192,540
In the sixth decile	10,010	4,855	5,155	94,350	47,240	47,110
In the seventh decile	11,030	5,425	5,605	89,765	45,260	44,505
In the eighth decile	12,510	6,135	6,375	83,140	41,815	41,330
In the ninth decile	15,610	7,750	7,860	69,850	35,450	34,400
In the top decile	18,445	9,235	9,215	51,410	26,210	25,195
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	122,660	59,655	63,005	898,345	435,895	462,450
0 to 17 years	26,725	13,850	12,875	159,820	81,670	78,150
0 to 5 years	7,880	4,080	3,805	49,595	25,280	24,310
18 to 64 years	79,630	38,080	41,550	565,395	274,120	291,275
65 years and over	16,300	7,720	8,580	173,125	80,100	93,025
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	20,205	9,600	10,605	154,955	70,415	84,540
0 to 17 years	4,975	2,565	2,405	35,525	18,145	17,380
0 to 5 years	1,520	775	740	12,740	6,470	6,275
18 to 64 years	12,905	5,920	6,985	88,355	40,375	47,985
65 years and over	2,330	1,110	1,215	31,075	11,890	19,185
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.5	16.1	16.8	17.2	16.2	18.3
0 to 17 years (%)	18.6	18.5	18.7	22.2	22.2	22.2
0 to 5 years (%)	19.3	19.0	19.4	25.7	25.6	25.8
18 to 64 years (%)	16.2	15.5	16.8	15.6	14.7	16.5
65 years and over (%)	14.3	14.4	14.2	17.9	14.8	20.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	15,890	7,505	8,385	70,745	34,290	36,460
0 to 17 years	4,020	2,060	1,960	15,285	7,805	7,485
0 to 5 years	1,185	610	575	5,645	2,870	2,775
18 to 64 years	10,560	4,855	5,705	52,220	25,185	27,030
65 years and over	1,310	590	720	3,240	1,295	1,945
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	13.0	12.6	13.3	7.9	7.9	7.9
0 to 17 years (%)	15.0	14.9	15.2	9.6	9.6	9.6
0 to 5 years (%)	15.0	15.0	15.1	11.4	11.4	11.4
18 to 64 years (%)	13.3	12.7	13.7	9.2	9.2	9.3
65 years and over (%)	8.0	7.6	8.4	1.9	1.6	2.1
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	122,760	59,665	63,100	908,340	440,730	467,605
Official languages	109,520	54,105	55,415	905,700	439,525	466,180
English	109,470	54,080	55,395	905,020	439,215	465,805
French	6,915	3,115	3,800	95,740	42,150	53,585
Non-official languages	94,985	45,055	49,930	64,100	31,380	32,725
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	5,645	2,685	2,960
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5,575	2,635	2,935
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	20	15	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	10	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5,550	2,625	2,920
Malecite	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5,540	2,625	2,920
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	10	0	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	15	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	10	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	35	25	15
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	30	15	10
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	10	10	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	10	0	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	94,985	45,055	49,930	58,490	28,715	29,770
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,760	805	955	10,730	5,745	4,985
Berber languages	0	0	0	25	15	15
Kabyle	0	0	0	25	15	15
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	30	10	25	155	65	95
Bilen	0	0	0	20	15	10
Oromo	0	0	0	40	15	20
Somali	25	10	20	75	25	55
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Semitic languages	1,730	795	930	10,635	5,715	4,925
Amharic	70	40	30	260	135	120
Arabic	1,580	730	850	9,685	5,185	4,500
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	10	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	15	10	10	0	0	0
Hebrew	45	20	25	630	370	260
Maltese	0	0	10	25	0	25
Tigrigna	35	15	20	140	65	70
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	40	20	20
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	850	350	500	575	260	310
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	10	10	15	0	10
Vietnamese	835	350	490	555	255	300
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,635	625	1,010	3,035	1,275	1,760
Bikol	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cebuano	40	20	20	185	80	100
Fijian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	45	20	30
Ilocano	80	35	45	70	20	55
Malagasy	0	0	0	10	0	0
Malay	215	100	115	80	25	60
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	10	10	10	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,390	510	880	2,835	1,195	1,635
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	35	15	20
Creole languages	305	160	150	360	185	175
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	35	20	15
Creole, n.o.s.	190	90	100	120	60	65
Creole languages, n.i.e.	120	65	50	210	115	100
Dravidian languages	2,890	1,410	1,480	1,365	785	580
Kannada	20	10	20	75	45	35
Malayalam	120	70	50	560	310	250
Tamil	2,645	1,280	1,370	450	260	190
Telugu	145	80	65	350	215	135
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	14,290	6,955	7,335	30,820	15,070	15,755
Albanian	30	20	10	405	185	215
Armenian	500	255	245	80	45	30
Balto-Slavic languages	1,195	555	635	4,095	1,935	2,160
Baltic languages	30	10	20	110	35	80
Latvian	0	10	0	50	15	35
Lithuanian	25	10	15	55	15	40
Slavic languages	1,175	550	630	4,010	1,910	2,105
Belarusan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Bosnian	0	0	0	145	60	80
Bulgarian	30	15	15	75	35	35
Croatian	15	10	10	275	105	165
Czech	20	10	15	210	95	110
Macedonian	610	300	310	90	55	30
Polish	150	85	65	900	410	490
Russian	310	130	180	1,945	970	970
Serbian	30	15	15	180	85	95
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	115	70	50
Slovak	15	0	10	145	70	75
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	0	35	10	20
Ukrainian	45	15	30	425	180	245
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	0	0	1,070	495	580
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0	910	400	505
Welsh	0	0	0	35	25	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	155	80	75
Germanic languages	710	365	345	9,225	4,490	4,740
Afrikaans	50	30	15	320	140	175
Danish	35	15	20	235	125	110
Dutch	120	65	60	2,105	935	1,165
Frisian	0	0	0	60	30	30
German	475	245	230	6,335	3,180	3,155
Icelandic	0	0	0	100	40	60
Norwegian	15	10	10	150	105	40
Swedish	25	15	15	245	115	130
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	20	10	15
Yiddish	0	0	0	30	15	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	20	20	10	125	45	85
Greek	1,520	770	750	1,315	670	645
Indo-Iranian languages	7,670	3,750	3,920	6,535	3,635	2,900
Indo-Aryan languages	6,370	3,125	3,245	4,935	2,790	2,140
Bengali	220	115	105	625	350	275
Gujarati	1,565	765	805	240	150	90
Hindi	2,365	1,115	1,250	2,270	1,300	975
Kashmiri	15	0	10	15	0	10
Konkani	50	20	30	15	15	0
Marathi	105	65	40	135	85	45
Nepali	40	15	25	620	315	305
Oriya (Odia)	15	0	10	20	10	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,340	660	685	1,010	570	445
Sindhi	440	195	250	10	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	275	155	120	245	125	120
Urdu	2,050	1,060	985	1,090	660	425
Iranian languages	1,370	660	705	1,625	865	755
Kurdish	10	10	10	185	110	75
Pashto	75	35	35	85	55	30
Persian (Farsi)	1,310	625	685	1,385	725	660
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	60	40	20	75	40	35
Italic (Romance) languages	3,090	1,455	1,640	9,365	4,270	5,100
Catalan	0	0	0	15	10	10
Italian	1,600	755	845	1,665	845	820
Portuguese	320	145	170	910	480	430
Romanian	155	85	75	240	140	105
Spanish	1,095	485	600	6,990	3,020	3,970
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	55	20
Japanese	520	260	260	865	335	530
Kartvelian languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Korean	845	390	455	1,530	685	850
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	235	120	120	1,340	715	620
Akan (Twi)	10	10	10	65	40	30
Bamanankan	0	0	0	10	10	10
Edo	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ewe	0	0	0	80	50	30
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ga	10	10	10	30	15	20
Ganda	0	0	0	60	15	40
Igbo	20	10	0	70	45	30
Lingala	10	0	10	30	15	15
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	130	65	65
Shona	10	0	10	65	40	35
Swahili	135	70	65	370	200	175
Wolof	0	0	0	35	15	20
Yoruba	45	20	20	250	125	125
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	300	175	130
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	50	30	20
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	45	30	10
Sign languages	50	25	25	1,605	555	1,045
American Sign Language	15	10	10	795	235	555
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	35	10	25	815	325	495
Sino-Tibetan languages	73,365	34,820	38,545	7,135	3,615	3,515
Chinese languages	73,335	34,810	38,525	7,115	3,610	3,500
Cantonese	47,665	22,665	24,995	1,555	730	820
Hakka	795	380	410	45	25	25
Mandarin	35,985	16,425	19,560	5,435	2,720	2,710
Min Dong	55	25	35	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,005	470	535	195	75	120
Wu (Shanghainese)	895	415	480	60	35	30
Chinese, n.o.s.	690	305	385	575	340	245
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	15	20	20	10	15
Burmese	35	15	15	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	20	10	15
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	15	240	110	130
Lao	15	10	10	20	0	10
Thai	15	0	10	220	100	120
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	140	80	65	620	320	300
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	20	20	0
Turkish	140	80	60	480	225	255
Uyghur	0	0	0	15	0	10
Uzbek	0	0	0	105	60	40
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uralic languages	205	110	95	430	200	230
Estonian	65	40	30	50	25	20
Finnish	30	10	25	120	55	70
Hungarian	110	70	40	255	115	140
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	75	40	35
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	122,765	59,660	63,105	908,340	440,735	467,605
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	104,790	51,245	53,545	878,415	425,340	453,070
Canadian citizens aged under 18	24,580	12,700	11,880	159,440	81,575	77,870
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	80,210	38,545	41,670	718,970	343,770	375,200
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	17,975	8,420	9,555	29,930	15,395	14,535
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	122,765	59,665	63,100	908,340	440,730	467,605
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	44,715	23,225	21,485	842,760	407,740	435,015
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	75,130	35,025	40,100	55,675	27,270	28,405
Before 1981	11,395	5,740	5,660	19,200	9,335	9,865
1981 to 1990	12,555	5,855	6,705	4,800	2,330	2,470
1991 to 2000	24,920	11,490	13,430	6,705	3,140	3,560
2001 to 2010	18,015	8,170	9,845	13,185	6,540	6,645
2001 to 2005	10,145	4,610	5,535	5,105	2,500	2,600
2006 to 2010	7,870	3,560	4,310	8,080	4,035	4,045
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	8,235	3,775	4,460	11,790	5,925	5,865
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	2,925	1,410	1,510	9,900	5,720	4,185
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	75,130	35,025	40,100	55,675	27,270	28,410
Under 5 years	5,670	2,865	2,805	7,280	3,495	3,785
5 to 14 years	11,245	5,530	5,720	10,445	5,240	5,205
15 to 24 years	15,015	6,865	8,150	10,170	4,670	5,500
25 to 44 years	33,490	15,415	18,075	22,980	11,315	11,660
45 years and over	9,700	4,350	5,355	4,800	2,550	2,250
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	75,130	35,025	40,100	55,680	27,270	28,410
Americas	3,750	1,705	2,040	10,610	4,830	5,780
Brazil	65	30	30	175	75	100
Colombia	60	30	35	175	90	85
El Salvador	10	0	0	95	50	45
Guyana	680	295	380	170	85	90
Haiti	20	10	15	55	30	30
Jamaica	1,220	545	675	480	210	275
Mexico	45	35	10	325	155	175
Peru	85	30	55	105	35	75
Trinidad and Tobago	380	165	210	220	120	100
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	675	310	360	7,375	3,320	4,055
Other places of birth in Americas	520	255	265	1,430	675	750
Europe	3,880	1,970	1,915	22,110	11,195	10,920
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	210	115	100
Croatia	15	10	10	180	75	105
France	70	30	45	610	330	280
Germany	165	85	80	2,600	1,270	1,330
Greece	675	350	325	505	270	235
Hungary	70	40	30	110	40	65
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	45	20	25	475	225	255
Italy	830	410	415	525	310	215
Netherlands	70	45	25	1,645	790	855
Poland	110	65	50	630	265	365
Portugal	105	40	65	220	140	80
Romania	155	80	75	180	100	80
Russian Federation	100	35	65	585	270	315
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	25	15	10	90	45	45
Ukraine	35	10	25	335	145	195
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	890	490	400	11,275	5,815	5,460
Other places of birth in Europe	515	250	270	1,930	985	945
Africa	2,725	1,365	1,360	3,525	1,855	1,675
Algeria	0	0	0	25	15	15
Egypt	600	295	305	770	395	370
Ethiopia	85	60	30	185	105	85
Kenya	440	240	205	125	75	50
Morocco	10	10	0	80	50	30
Nigeria	90	45	50	350	185	165
Somalia	15	0	15	65	30	35
South Africa, Republic of	175	100	75	460	205	250
Other places of birth in Africa	1,300	620	680	1,465	790	675
Asia	64,695	29,945	34,750	18,955	9,100	9,855
Afghanistan	295	140	155	100	40	60
Bangladesh	95	45	50	315	180	135
China^{Census data footnote 59}	30,305	13,745	16,565	2,830	1,140	1,685
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	19,125	9,105	10,025	280	130	155
India	3,040	1,440	1,595	2,225	1,190	1,040
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	805	395	405	970	525	440
Iraq	115	50	65	525	250	285
Japan	195	95	95	225	60	170
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	545	255	290	870	340	530
Lebanon	290	145	145	1,370	755	610
Pakistan	1,175	555	620	615	315	295
Philippines	1,525	635	895	2,570	1,035	1,540
Sri Lanka	1,765	850	915	310	140	175
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	70	40	25	1,150	565	580
Taiwan	1,340	565	770	225	100	120
Viet Nam	1,615	715	895	450	205	245
Other places of birth in Asia	2,395	1,155	1,240	3,930	2,130	1,795
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	85	40	40	480	295	180
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	8,235	3,775	4,465	11,785	5,920	5,870
Americas	290	140	150	1,390	675	715
Brazil	10	0	10	95	40	55
Colombia	0	0	0	15	0	15
Cuba	0	0	0	70	40	30
Haiti	0	0	0	20	15	0
Jamaica	40	15	25	195	100	95
Mexico	10	0	10	105	55	45
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	155	80	85	615	310	305
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	15	10	10	15	10	10
Other places of birth in Americas	55	35	20	275	115	165
Europe	105	70	40	2,210	1,165	1,045
France	25	15	10	110	55	55
Germany	10	0	0	215	110	100
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	75	50	25
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	25	10	15
Romania	0	0	0	40	25	15
Russian Federation	10	0	0	180	75	100
Ukraine	10	0	10	140	55	80
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	10	10	10	1,080	620	460
Other places of birth in Europe	50	35	15	355	165	190
Africa	175	85	95	1,085	600	485
Algeria	0	0	0	15	0	10
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	55	30	25
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	110	45	65	205	105	95
Eritrea	0	0	0	70	40	30
Ethiopia	0	10	0	45	35	10
Morocco	0	0	0	30	15	10
Nigeria	0	0	0	200	100	100
Somalia	0	0	0	10	0	10
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	10	80	35	45
Tunisia	0	0	0	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Africa	55	25	25	365	220	150
Asia	7,655	3,475	4,180	7,035	3,435	3,600
Afghanistan	50	25	25	20	0	20
Bangladesh	10	10	0	80	50	30
China^{Census data footnote 59}	6,085	2,755	3,330	985	465	520
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	325	130	200	10	0	0
India	270	130	135	900	490	410
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	80	40	40	260	135	125
Iraq	10	0	0	245	125	120
Israel	0	0	0	280	180	100
Japan	20	0	15	70	25	50
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	60	30	30	225	75	150
Lebanon	25	15	15	75	35	40
Nepal	15	10	0	185	95	85
Pakistan	185	95	95	145	80	65
Philippines	85	20	65	1,500	640	860
Saudi Arabia	40	35	10	125	75	50
Sri Lanka	85	35	50	100	55	50
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	10	10	0	890	420	460
Taiwan	115	65	55	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	100	55	40
United Arab Emirates	25	15	15	70	45	20
Viet Nam	40	10	30	65	20	45
Other places of birth in Asia	110	50	60	715	370	345
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	10	10	0	70	50	20
Australia	10	10	0	35	30	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	35	15	15
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	122,765	59,660	63,100	908,340	440,735	467,605
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	78,850	36,885	41,965	70,310	35,320	34,990
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	34,815	18,030	16,785	69,125	33,765	35,360
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	9,095	4,745	4,350	768,905	371,645	397,260
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	64,730	29,825	34,905	37,000	18,195	18,805
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	40,075	19,740	20,335	21,830	11,270	10,560
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	15,030	10,015	5,015	8,710	5,865	2,845
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	25,040	9,725	15,315	13,115	5,405	7,710
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	18,865	7,140	11,730	10,415	4,455	5,955
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	4,300	2,255	2,045	4,520	2,345	2,175
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	1,490	695	795	235	120	115
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	122,765	59,665	63,105	908,340	440,730	467,605
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	115	50	65	51,495	24,900	26,595
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	105	45	60	49,935	24,175	25,765
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	45	25	15	25,830	12,460	13,370
Métis	50	10	40	23,315	11,325	11,985
Inuk (Inuit)	15	0	10	795	385	410
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	0	0	0	835	425	410
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	10	10	0	725	300	420
Non-Aboriginal identity	122,650	59,615	63,035	856,850	415,835	441,015
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	122,765	59,665	63,100	908,340	440,735	467,610
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	15	10	0	18,940	9,135	9,805
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	122,750	59,655	63,095	889,405	431,595	457,800
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	122,765	59,660	63,105	908,340	440,735	467,610
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	20	0	10	15,055	7,255	7,805
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	15	0	15	14,780	7,120	7,655
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	0	0	0	11,995	5,790	6,210
Métis single ancestry	15	10	10	2,560	1,245	1,315
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	220	85	135
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	0	275	135	145
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	210	95	115
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	25	20	10
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	30	20	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	10	0	10
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	240	120	120	58,980	27,665	31,315
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	240	125	120	56,830	26,660	30,170
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	200	105	90	34,375	15,975	18,400
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	35	10	20	21,200	10,120	11,080
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	0	10	1,255	560	690
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	0	0	0	2,145	1,005	1,140
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	1,850	855	995
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	135	50	80
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	130	90	45
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	30	10	20
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	122,500	59,535	62,970	834,300	405,810	428,495
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	122,765	59,665	63,100	908,340	440,735	467,605
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	103,905	50,180	53,725	58,650	29,305	29,350
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	12,155	5,965	6,195	7,910	4,385	3,525
Chinese	79,145	38,195	40,945	8,640	4,210	4,435
Black	2,070	955	1,110	21,915	10,735	11,175
Filipino	1,910	770	1,135	3,400	1,485	1,920
Latin American	395	210	185	1,685	820	865
Arab	1,450	700	745	8,110	4,375	3,735
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	915	410	500	1,195	525	670
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	1,140	570	575	1,540	805	740
Korean	910	430	480	1,540	685	855
Japanese	385	195	195	695	295	405
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	630	295	330	630	300	330
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	2,810	1,490	1,325	1,385	690	695
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	18,855	9,480	9,375	849,690	411,430	438,260
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	122,760	59,660	63,100	908,340	440,730	467,610
North American Aboriginal origins	260	130	135	74,040	34,920	39,115
First Nations (North American Indian)	200	110	95	48,640	22,805	25,835
Inuit	15	10	10	1,840	830	1,010
Métis	50	15	30	26,025	12,435	13,585
Other North American origins	6,425	3,235	3,190	410,825	197,970	212,855
Acadian	25	10	20	23,700	11,050	12,650
American	420	190	230	7,515	3,730	3,785
Canadian	6,085	3,080	3,010	387,360	186,955	200,405
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	35	15	20
Newfoundlander	15	10	0	1,750	835	910
Nova Scotian	15	15	0	1,295	625	665
Ontarian	0	0	0	95	65	35
Québécois	20	10	15	380	190	185
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	20	0	15
European origins	19,630	9,765	9,865	621,525	299,755	321,760
British Isles origins	9,340	4,620	4,720	513,725	246,085	267,645
Channel Islander	0	0	0	90	25	60
Cornish	0	0	0	105	45	65
English	5,390	2,740	2,650	262,375	124,610	137,765
Irish	3,650	1,875	1,780	195,865	91,260	104,605
Manx	0	0	0	145	70	70
Scottish	3,785	1,810	1,970	272,880	129,640	143,240
Welsh	300	145	160	17,135	8,105	9,030
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	820	410	410	18,975	8,955	10,020
French origins	1,765	830	940	149,665	70,095	79,570
Alsatian	0	0	0	25	20	10
Breton	0	0	0	15	10	10
Corsican	0	0	0	20	20	0
French	1,760	830	935	149,625	70,065	79,565
Western European origins (except French origins)	2,850	1,515	1,335	125,110	59,420	65,690
Austrian	210	110	100	1,775	880	895
Bavarian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Belgian	95	45	45	2,615	1,320	1,305
Dutch	680	370	315	32,045	14,640	17,410
Flemish	10	10	0	160	80	80
Frisian	0	0	0	50	20	30
German	1,970	1,055	915	97,555	46,450	51,100
Luxembourger	20	10	0	30	20	10
Swiss	150	80	70	2,705	1,335	1,375
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	140	75	60
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	595	300	295	14,985	7,075	7,910
Danish	135	65	65	3,700	1,695	2,005
Finnish	165	70	95	1,140	505	630
Icelandic	35	15	25	660	295	370
Norwegian	80	55	25	5,170	2,535	2,635
Swedish	190	95	90	3,565	1,575	1,990
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	30	15	15	1,365	750	620
Eastern European origins	2,570	1,345	1,225	29,685	14,315	15,370
Bulgarian	50	20	30	280	130	145
Byelorussian	20	10	15	195	85	105
Czech	75	40	40	1,165	620	545
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	10	10	10	420	175	245
Estonian	95	60	35	345	185	165
Hungarian	365	180	190	2,700	1,320	1,380
Latvian	35	20	15	380	160	220
Lithuanian	85	25	60	1,150	510	635
Moldovan	0	10	0	10	0	10
Polish	835	435	395	11,575	5,525	6,050
Romanian	285	155	130	1,190	540	650
Russian	570	270	300	4,775	2,210	2,570
Slovak	50	35	20	610	320	290
Ukrainian	620	355	265	9,115	4,475	4,640
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	10	10	10	310	150	160
Southern European origins	8,165	4,025	4,140	28,680	13,790	14,890
Albanian	40	25	20	285	140	145
Bosnian	10	0	15	155	75	75
Catalan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Croatian	60	15	45	680	325	360
Cypriot	30	15	15	40	30	15
Greek	2,300	1,130	1,170	3,360	1,705	1,650
Italian	3,615	1,795	1,815	15,620	7,605	8,015
Kosovar	0	0	0	255	115	145
Macedonian	880	410	470	165	90	80
Maltese	80	30	50	440	215	220
Montenegrin	0	0	0	20	10	10
Portuguese	930	515	415	3,580	1,700	1,880
Serbian	90	35	50	255	120	135
Sicilian	10	0	0	40	20	15
Slovenian	70	25	45	150	70	85
Spanish	730	350	380	4,300	1,875	2,425
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	25	10	20	400	205	200
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	10	0	10	85	50	40
Other European origins	185	100	85	5,465	2,845	2,625
Basque	15	10	0	160	75	85
Jewish	90	50	40	2,040	1,040	1,000
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	135	110	25
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	10	25	25	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	75	45	30	3,145	1,610	1,535
Caribbean origins	2,495	1,200	1,300	5,220	2,580	2,640
Antiguan	10	15	0	100	50	55
Bahamian	30	30	0	230	105	115
Barbadian	65	20	45	575	300	275
Bermudan	0	0	0	185	90	100
Carib	0	0	0	45	30	10
Cuban	65	40	20	340	145	195
Dominican	25	15	10	150	85	65
Grenadian	30	15	20	35	20	20
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	35	15	20	115	50	65
Jamaican	1,645	795	850	2,075	1,050	1,025
Kittitian/Nevisian	10	10	0	45	15	30
Martinican	0	0	0	10	10	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	115	40	75
St. Lucian	15	10	0	65	20	50
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	400	205	190	325	170	155
Vincentian/Grenadinian	50	25	25	35	20	15
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	370	190	185	785	420	365
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	40	20	15	330	155	180
Latin, Central and South American origins	1,070	515	550	3,055	1,525	1,525
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	20	0	15	185	90	100
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	45	15	25	65	40	25
Belizean	10	15	0	25	20	10
Bolivian	0	0	0	40	20	15
Brazilian	75	35	40	280	140	135
Chilean	10	10	10	130	80	45
Colombian	65	40	30	430	210	225
Costa Rican	0	0	0	35	10	25
Ecuadorian	45	30	20	50	20	30
Guatemalan	15	15	0	90	65	35
Guyanese	465	240	220	350	160	195
Hispanic	0	0	0	60	35	25
Honduran	0	0	0	50	35	20
Maya	0	0	0	70	35	30
Mexican	105	50	60	810	415	395
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	45	20	25
Panamanian	20	15	10	25	10	15
Paraguayan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Peruvian	80	30	55	180	85	95
Salvadorean	10	10	10	110	75	35
Uruguayan	10	0	0	15	0	20
Venezuelan	55	15	40	80	50	30
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	60	25	35	185	80	105
African origins	2,640	1,290	1,350	17,655	8,560	9,095
Central and West African origins	260	115	145	1,335	700	635
Akan	0	10	0	10	0	10
Angolan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	10	0
Beninese	0	0	0	20	10	10
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	10
Cameroonian	0	0	0	70	35	35
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	15	10	10	180	95	85
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	10	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ghanaian	35	20	25	185	105	85
Guinean	0	0	0	30	20	10
Ibo	55	20	35	90	50	40
Ivorian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Malian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Malinké	0	0	0	15	10	10
Nigerian	105	45	60	445	240	210
Peulh	0	0	0	0	10	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	10	10	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	80	45	35
Togolese	15	0	0	70	30	35
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	45	15	25	65	25	45
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	120	65	50
North African origins	1,080	550	530	2,030	1,045	980
Algerian	0	0	0	85	45	40
Berber	0	0	0	70	50	20
Coptic	110	50	60	30	10	20
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	865	430	435	1,295	695	600
Libyan	25	15	10	215	105	110
Maure	0	0	0	10	0	10
Moroccan	40	25	10	130	60	70
Sudanese	30	15	10	130	50	80
Tunisian	35	20	15	65	25	35
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	90	40	50
Southern and East African origins	780	410	370	1,865	920	945
Afrikaner	0	10	0	25	10	20
Amhara	0	0	0	10	10	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Burundian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	160	85	75
Ethiopian	155	85	70	280	120	155
Harari	15	10	10	0	0	0
Kenyan	115	60	55	160	85	75
Malagasy	0	0	0	20	0	15
Mauritian	150	90	60	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	25	15	15
Rwandan	0	0	0	105	55	50
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	55	20	35	180	75	100
South African	130	65	70	520	255	265
Tanzanian	55	25	30	60	45	20
Tigrian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Ugandan	10	0	0	60	25	40
Zambian	0	0	0	80	35	50
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	100	55	45
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	115	50	60	170	100	75
Other African origins	520	225	300	12,620	5,990	6,635
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	80	40	40	2,255	1,060	1,195
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	440	180	260	10,460	4,965	5,495
Asian origins	100,385	48,485	51,895	42,500	21,445	21,050
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	3,335	1,635	1,695	17,205	8,915	8,295
Afghan	400	185	215	230	80	150
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	205	95	105	1,600	835	770
Armenian	550	275	275	265	160	110
Assyrian	25	10	10	10	10	0
Azerbaijani	20	10	0	20	20	0
Georgian	20	15	0	20	15	10
Hazara	45	25	15	0	0	0
Iranian	1,065	530	540	1,405	785	620
Iraqi	170	50	115	595	270	325
Israeli	35	20	10	245	120	120
Jordanian	15	15	0	260	150	115
Kazakh	0	0	0	45	30	20
Kurd	25	15	10	230	120	115
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	245	115	130
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	460	210	245	7,445	3,815	3,630
Palestinian	135	65	65	990	535	455
Pashtun	35	25	15	30	15	10
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	725	470	255
Syrian	50	30	25	2,190	1,090	1,100
Tajik	45	20	20	20	10	10
Tatar	0	0	0	40	15	25
Turk	110	55	55	690	320	370
Turkmen	0	0	0	10	10	10
Uighur	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uzbek	15	15	0	90	60	30
Yemeni	65	35	25	205	105	95
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	110	55	55	780	410	370
South Asian origins	12,585	6,195	6,390	8,495	4,690	3,805
Bangladeshi	20	10	10	240	135	110
Bengali	95	50	40	65	40	20
Bhutanese	0	0	0	225	100	125
East Indian	8,500	4,100	4,400	6,255	3,460	2,795
Goan	65	30	30	10	10	0
Gujarati	105	35	70	10	0	0
Kashmiri	15	10	10	0	10	0
Nepali	65	35	30	430	220	210
Pakistani	1,150	610	540	665	405	260
Punjabi	210	95	110	230	110	115
Sinhalese	115	85	35	40	10	30
Sri Lankan	1,980	950	1,030	340	150	190
Tamil	770	415	360	60	30	35
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	615	335	275	470	290	175
East and Southeast Asian origins	84,900	40,860	44,045	16,715	7,850	8,870
Burmese	75	25	50	15	0	10
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	10	0	55	15	40
Chinese	80,585	39,000	41,585	9,695	4,720	4,980
Filipino	2,360	1,030	1,330	3,580	1,585	1,995
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	200	95	110	140	65	75
Japanese	605	295	305	905	385	515
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	1,195	600	590	1,590	700	895
Laotian	35	25	15	15	0	10
Malaysian	220	110	110	80	30	45
Mongolian	15	10	10	55	30	30
Singaporean	75	40	35	10	10	0
Taiwanese	590	275	310	240	100	140
Thai	30	10	20	245	85	155
Tibetan	15	0	10	10	0	10
Vietnamese	1,160	520	635	760	355	410
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	15	10	10	75	45	25
Other Asian origins	185	105	85	410	190	215
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	185	100	80	410	190	215
Oceania origins	80	50	30	895	450	445
Australian	45	25	20	490	255	235
New Zealander	25	15	10	290	155	130
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	125	55	70
Fijian	10	0	0	15	10	10
Hawaiian	0	0	0	25	10	15
Maori	0	0	0	40	20	25
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	20	15	10
Samoan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	10	0	0	30	0	20
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	38,595	...	...	401,990	...	...
Owner	33,915	...	...	276,095	...	...
Renter	4,680	...	...	123,595	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	2,300	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	38,595	...	...	401,990	...	...
Condominium	6,795	...	...	13,370	...	...
Not condominium	31,800	...	...	388,625	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	38,595	...	...	401,990	...	...
No bedrooms	65	...	...	1,140	...	...
1 bedroom	3,100	...	...	45,675	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,470	...	...	105,410	...	...
3 bedrooms	10,390	...	...	158,975	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	21,570	...	...	90,785	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	38,595	...	...	401,990	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,830	...	...	87,755	...	...
5 rooms	5,595	...	...	64,655	...	...
6 rooms	5,875	...	...	66,855	...	...
7 rooms	5,640	...	...	57,085	...	...
8 or more rooms	13,660	...	...	125,635	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	38,595	...	...	401,990	...	...
One person or fewer per room	37,575	...	...	399,855	...	...
More than 1 person per room	1,025	...	...	2,130	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	38,595	...	...	401,990	...	...
Suitable	36,615	...	...	390,445	...	...
Not suitable	1,975	...	...	11,540	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	38,595	...	...	401,990	...	...
1960 or before	430	...	...	112,530	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,495	...	...	113,715	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,170	...	...	59,105	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,280	...	...	49,825	...	...
2001 to 2005	8,820	...	...	23,045	...	...
2006 to 2010	6,040	...	...	23,925	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	8,360	...	...	19,840	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	38,590	...	...	401,990	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	37,845	...	...	366,615	...	...
Major repairs needed	750	...	...	35,375	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	38,595	...	...	401,990	...	...
1 household maintainer	18,890	...	...	241,800	...	...
2 household maintainers	18,045	...	...	152,970	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	1,655	...	...	7,220	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	38,590	...	...	401,990	...	...
15 to 24 years	565	...	...	14,575	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,500	...	...	49,695	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,890	...	...	59,550	...	...
45 to 54 years	10,305	...	...	77,555	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,315	...	...	85,360	...	...
65 to 74 years	4,585	...	...	66,865	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,835	...	...	35,980	...	...
85 years and over	595	...	...	12,405	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	38,470	...	...	395,860	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	24,475	...	...	310,540	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	13,995	...	...	85,315	...	...
30% to less than 100%	10,525	...	...	74,290	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	33,905	...	...	273,525	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	62.1	...	...	55.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	33.7	...	...	12.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,729	...	...	819	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,873	...	...	987	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	901,034	...	...	199,886	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	1,009,131	...	...	230,441	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,680	...	...	123,060	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	6.6	...	...	12.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	55.5	...	...	42.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,651	...	...	849	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,609	...	...	909	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	101,205	48,525	52,680	774,745	372,455	402,295
No certificate, diploma or degree	15,410	6,845	8,565	153,705	79,885	73,825
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	25,445	11,830	13,615	195,900	95,205	100,695
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	60,350	29,850	30,505	425,140	197,365	227,775
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,350	1,425	925	76,810	54,075	22,735
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	1,350	745	605	42,625	25,015	17,610
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,005	685	320	34,185	29,060	5,125
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	14,840	6,535	8,305	168,805	67,030	101,775
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,150	1,495	1,660	18,380	6,975	11,405
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	40,010	20,390	19,620	161,150	69,290	91,855
Bachelor's degree	28,030	13,865	14,165	108,385	45,185	63,205
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,895	845	1,050	9,495	4,020	5,475
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	900	445	455	4,700	2,595	2,110
Master's degree	8,270	4,565	3,700	32,645	13,840	18,805
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	920	670	245	5,925	3,655	2,270
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	68,460	32,220	36,240	494,505	237,795	256,710
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,410	2,360	3,055	60,280	34,820	25,460
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	13,535	5,835	7,700	116,280	57,600	58,675
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	49,510	24,035	25,480	317,950	145,375	172,570
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,555	910	635	52,370	37,255	15,115
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	855	435	415	29,105	17,300	11,810
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	700	480	225	23,265	19,955	3,310
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	11,785	5,095	6,690	128,010	51,890	76,120
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,515	1,130	1,385	11,595	4,325	7,275
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	33,660	16,895	16,765	125,970	51,905	74,065
Bachelor's degree	23,155	11,290	11,865	85,240	34,830	50,410
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,500	640	860	6,895	2,610	4,285
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	715	335	375	3,775	1,850	1,925
Master's degree	7,490	4,070	3,420	26,025	10,380	15,640
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	810	565	240	4,045	2,240	1,805
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	101,210	48,525	52,680	774,750	372,455	402,295
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	40,855	18,680	22,175	349,605	175,090	174,520
Education	2,580	515	2,065	31,395	8,460	22,930
13. Education	2,580	520	2,065	31,390	8,465	22,930
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,175	890	1,285	10,700	5,095	5,605
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	200	125	70	2,070	1,565	505
50. Visual and performing arts	1,980	760	1,220	8,635	3,530	5,100
Humanities	3,165	1,045	2,120	18,830	7,520	11,310
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	600	155	440	1,175	355	820
23. English language and literature/letters	820	185	635	5,110	1,530	3,580
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,045	325	725	4,545	1,540	3,000
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	65	25	35
38. Philosophy and religious studies	115	70	45	1,240	675	565
39. Theology and religious vocations	270	160	105	2,200	1,340	860
54. History	245	125	115	3,615	1,865	1,755
55. French language and literature/letters	65	15	55	880	190	695
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,835	2,655	4,180	40,155	11,980	28,175
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	10	60	635	145	490
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	600	275	325	3,285	1,260	2,025
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	755	85	675	9,115	750	8,365
22. Legal professions and studies	865	330	530	6,110	1,920	4,185
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	70	20	55	610	135	475
42. Psychology	850	180	670	8,170	2,060	6,110
45. Social sciences	3,630	1,755	1,870	12,240	5,710	6,520
Business, management and public administration	18,540	7,960	10,575	93,075	27,030	66,045
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	10	20	205	55	150
44. Public administration and social service professions	380	85	290	6,285	1,345	4,940
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	18,135	7,865	10,265	86,590	25,630	60,960
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,105	1,415	1,690	15,340	7,650	7,685
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,130	485	645	6,910	2,990	3,925
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	940	370	575	3,340	1,455	1,880
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	75	35	40	165	35	120
40. Physical sciences	890	505	375	4,260	3,005	1,255
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	25	50	665	165	500
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	6,205	4,225	1,980	15,745	9,355	6,390
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,805	3,455	1,345	12,750	8,055	4,695
25. Library science	65	15	50	1,210	175	1,040
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,195	635	555	1,590	995	600
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	145	115	25	200	135	65
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	10,290	8,525	1,765	92,920	87,340	5,580
04. Architecture and related services	565	370	195	1,370	860	510
14. Engineering	6,570	5,205	1,360	11,925	10,290	1,640
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,505	1,345	165	17,805	16,110	1,695
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	10	0	10
46. Construction trades	445	435	10	24,800	24,235	570
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	860	845	10	25,465	24,680	780
48. Precision production	340	330	20	11,545	11,165	380
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	515	245	265	7,630	4,615	3,015
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	275	140	140	4,215	2,160	2,055
03. Natural resources and conservation	235	110	125	3,410	2,450	960
Health and related fields	5,465	1,710	3,755	66,770	10,595	56,175
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	525	275	250	3,560	1,730	1,825
51. Health professions and related programs	4,745	1,325	3,420	61,755	7,955	53,800
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	195	105	90	1,460	910	550
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,465	660	805	32,535	17,700	14,830
12. Personal and culinary services	1,010	345	665	17,625	4,455	13,170
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	10	0	250	240	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	905	850	50
43. Security and protective services	220	155	65	4,540	3,535	1,005
49. Transportation and materials moving	210	135	80	9,220	8,625	600
Other	10	0	10	45	10	40
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	50	10	40
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	68,460	32,220	36,235	494,505	237,795	256,710
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	18,945	8,190	10,760	176,560	92,420	84,135
Education	1,765	335	1,420	20,590	4,940	15,650
13. Education	1,765	340	1,420	20,585	4,940	15,650
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,730	685	1,040	8,145	3,855	4,285
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	135	95	35	1,515	1,140	375
50. Visual and performing arts	1,595	585	1,005	6,630	2,715	3,915
Humanities	2,465	765	1,700	13,745	5,275	8,465
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	450	110	345	895	280	615
23. English language and literature/letters	675	130	545	3,800	1,095	2,705
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	795	220	575	3,425	1,125	2,305
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	60	25	35
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	60	35	910	490	420
39. Theology and religious vocations	220	140	80	1,330	795	535
54. History	165	95	70	2,710	1,340	1,370
55. French language and literature/letters	60	10	50	620	130	490
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,625	2,150	3,475	32,650	9,150	23,500
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	10	50	520	110	410
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	425	190	235	2,750	1,030	1,720
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	630	75	555	7,395	580	6,810
22. Legal professions and studies	745	275	470	5,225	1,380	3,845
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	55	20	35	460	100	355
42. Psychology	620	105	515	6,545	1,580	4,970
45. Social sciences	3,095	1,475	1,615	9,755	4,360	5,390
Business, management and public administration	15,945	6,520	9,425	69,255	20,285	48,970
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	10	20	175	40	135
44. Public administration and social service professions	305	60	245	5,140	1,025	4,120
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	15,620	6,455	9,165	63,935	19,220	44,715
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,295	1,000	1,290	11,075	5,385	5,690
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	790	330	460	5,285	2,240	3,045
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	735	270	460	2,390	1,030	1,360
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	70	30	35	130	30	100
40. Physical sciences	645	350	290	2,910	2,005	905
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	20	50	365	85	275
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,800	3,935	1,860	13,625	8,240	5,385
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,585	3,295	1,290	11,505	7,330	4,170
25. Library science	60	15	50	815	115	700
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,030	535	495	1,130	660	470
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	125	95	30	175	125	50
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	8,205	6,625	1,585	67,930	63,180	4,750
04. Architecture and related services	425	250	170	1,020	585	430
14. Engineering	5,535	4,285	1,250	8,585	7,230	1,355
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,060	935	125	13,410	11,920	1,495
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	10
46. Construction trades	315	305	15	18,355	17,835	515
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	635	625	10	18,540	17,910	625
48. Precision production	235	215	20	8,020	7,700	325
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	415	200	210	5,995	3,475	2,520
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	230	115	120	3,270	1,570	1,695
03. Natural resources and conservation	180	90	90	2,725	1,905	825
Health and related fields	4,130	1,295	2,835	50,220	8,215	42,010
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	370	200	170	2,730	1,350	1,380
51. Health professions and related programs	3,615	1,015	2,595	46,385	6,215	40,165
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	135	75	60	1,110	650	460
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,140	520	625	24,685	13,375	11,310
12. Personal and culinary services	810	285	525	13,490	3,480	10,000
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	205	200	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	475	435	40
43. Security and protective services	175	125	55	3,465	2,655	815
49. Transportation and materials moving	140	95	45	7,045	6,595	450
Other	0	0	0	45	10	40
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	50	10	35
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	101,205	48,525	52,680	774,745	372,455	402,295
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	40,850	18,680	22,180	349,605	175,090	174,515
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	60,355	29,850	30,500	425,145	197,365	227,775
Location of study inside Canada	38,405	19,150	19,255	396,690	182,875	213,810
Same as province or territory of residence	35,505	17,595	17,910	315,140	141,965	173,175
Different than province or territory of residence	2,895	1,555	1,345	81,550	40,915	40,640
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	21,950	10,700	11,245	28,450	14,485	13,965
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	1,785	995	795	7,950	4,110	3,840
Philippines	855	280	580	1,530	540	995
India	1,455	655	795	1,755	935	825
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	1,420	765	660	5,530	3,225	2,305
China^{Census data footnote 162}	8,790	4,240	4,550	1,080	445	635
France	110	55	55	350	210	145
Other	7,535	3,715	3,820	10,255	5,030	5,225
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	68,455	32,220	36,235	494,510	237,800	256,710
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	18,950	8,190	10,760	176,560	92,420	84,140
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	49,510	24,030	25,480	317,950	145,380	172,575
Location of study inside Canada	31,905	15,785	16,115	297,430	135,465	161,965
Same as province or territory of residence	29,445	14,460	14,980	236,720	105,480	131,235
Different than province or territory of residence	2,455	1,325	1,135	60,710	29,980	30,730
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	17,605	8,245	9,360	20,525	9,915	10,605
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	1,510	825	680	4,905	2,370	2,540
Philippines	670	200	470	1,415	520	900
India	1,140	510	630	1,385	725	660
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	990	505	485	3,455	1,930	1,525
China^{Census data footnote 162}	7,485	3,530	3,960	810	335	475
France	95	40	50	245	140	100
Other	5,720	2,630	3,090	8,305	3,900	4,405
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	101,205	48,530	52,680	774,750	372,455	402,290
In the labour force	63,755	32,855	30,905	474,595	242,775	231,820
Employed	59,375	30,785	28,595	427,310	215,010	212,305
Unemployed	4,380	2,070	2,310	47,280	27,765	19,520
Not in the labour force	37,450	15,675	21,775	300,155	129,680	170,475
Participation rate	63.0	67.7	58.7	61.3	65.2	57.6
Employment rate	58.7	63.4	54.3	55.2	57.7	52.8
Unemployment rate	6.9	6.3	7.5	10.0	11.4	8.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	101,205	48,525	52,680	774,750	372,455	402,295
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	35,710	14,830	20,875	274,375	117,550	156,825
Worked	65,500	33,690	31,805	500,370	254,905	245,465
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	34,555	19,210	15,350	252,820	135,940	116,880
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	30,940	14,490	16,455	247,550	118,965	128,585
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.6	43.4	41.8	41.6	41.5	41.7
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	63,760	32,850	30,905	474,590	242,775	231,820
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,765	775	990	9,265	4,800	4,470
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	61,995	32,075	29,915	465,330	237,975	227,350
Employee	52,105	25,995	26,105	420,745	210,170	210,570
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	9,885	6,080	3,810	44,585	27,805	16,775
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	63,755	32,855	30,900	474,595	242,775	231,820
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,765	775	985	9,265	4,800	4,470
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	61,990	32,075	29,915	465,330	237,975	227,350
0 Management occupations	9,240	5,855	3,385	45,530	27,170	18,365
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	13,785	4,760	9,030	67,495	17,930	49,565
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	8,670	6,570	2,100	27,450	21,980	5,465
3 Health occupations	3,230	1,045	2,185	37,600	6,290	31,310
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,635	1,740	3,895	58,165	20,975	37,185
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,120	1,040	1,075	12,490	5,560	6,930
6 Sales and service occupations	13,390	6,440	6,945	113,135	45,385	67,750
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,575	3,295	275	67,625	64,200	3,430
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	255	205	50	18,380	15,730	2,650
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,095	1,125	970	17,460	12,755	4,705
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	63,755	32,855	30,905	474,595	242,775	231,820
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,770	780	990	9,265	4,795	4,465
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	61,990	32,080	29,915	465,330	237,975	227,350
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	130	80	55	17,775	14,165	3,610
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	85	75	10	4,025	3,630	390
22 Utilities	305	185	120	2,880	2,115	760
23 Construction	2,175	1,760	415	33,555	30,185	3,370
31-33 Manufacturing	4,935	3,075	1,860	32,375	23,565	8,810
41 Wholesale trade	4,040	2,555	1,490	13,345	9,650	3,690
44-45 Retail trade	6,950	3,585	3,365	59,570	26,295	33,280
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,635	1,140	490	19,660	14,980	4,680
51 Information and cultural industries	2,145	1,240	905	9,310	5,250	4,055
52 Finance and insurance	7,930	3,795	4,135	15,240	5,690	9,545
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,575	1,300	1,275	6,870	3,890	2,980
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	8,995	5,270	3,725	26,065	14,090	11,975
55 Management of companies and enterprises	175	70	100	625	255	365
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,095	1,055	1,040	22,240	12,950	9,295
61 Educational services	4,055	1,300	2,750	35,480	11,705	23,780
62 Health care and social assistance	4,790	1,205	3,585	64,390	10,435	53,955
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	920	500	425	9,385	4,555	4,835
72 Accommodation and food services	3,740	1,970	1,770	33,115	12,095	21,025
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,405	1,005	1,400	19,195	8,875	10,320
91 Public administration	1,915	910	1,005	40,225	23,590	16,635
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	59,375	30,785	28,595	427,310	215,010	212,300
Worked at home	5,685	2,880	2,805	28,075	13,780	14,300
Worked outside Canada	1,005	700	305	1,665	1,185	485
No fixed workplace address	5,555	3,710	1,845	51,545	38,965	12,575
Worked at usual place	47,125	23,490	23,635	346,020	161,075	184,945
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	47,125	23,490	23,635	346,020	161,075	184,945
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	16,175	7,540	8,635	251,000	116,125	134,875
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,420	3,355	3,060	57,510	23,850	33,655
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	24,395	12,520	11,880	32,230	17,425	14,805
Commute to a different province or territory	135	75	55	5,285	3,675	1,610
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	52,680	27,205	25,480	397,570	200,045	197,525
Car, truck, van - as a driver	39,695	21,910	17,785	310,240	159,660	150,580
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	3,560	910	2,655	29,150	12,090	17,055
Public transit	7,915	3,660	4,250	25,315	11,425	13,890
Walked	965	435	530	24,870	11,635	13,235
Bicycle	135	90	45	2,480	1,695	785
Other method	410	195	220	5,520	3,535	1,985
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	52,680	27,205	25,480	397,565	200,045	197,525
Less than 15 minutes	6,285	2,810	3,470	136,245	62,375	73,880
15 to 29 minutes	15,640	7,615	8,020	145,310	73,055	72,260
30 to 44 minutes	13,475	7,295	6,185	69,795	37,770	32,025
45 to 59 minutes	6,260	3,525	2,730	24,405	13,070	11,335
60 minutes and over	11,020	5,955	5,070	21,815	13,785	8,030
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	52,680	27,200	25,480	397,570	200,045	197,520
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,445	1,040	410	23,775	16,345	7,430
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,850	3,380	2,470	76,185	44,615	31,570
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	13,900	6,960	6,935	119,920	60,740	59,185
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	14,145	7,100	7,040	83,505	32,835	50,670
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	12,185	6,110	6,070	35,470	14,005	21,465
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,155	2,610	2,540	58,715	31,510	27,205
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	67,930	34,830	33,105	514,080	261,365	252,710
Single responses	64,400	33,240	31,160	510,800	259,940	250,860
Official languages	56,540	29,180	27,360	509,100	258,990	250,105
English	56,405	29,145	27,265	502,960	256,380	246,585
French	130	40	90	6,135	2,615	3,525
Non-official languages	7,865	4,060	3,800	1,705	950	755
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	650	350	295
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	650	355	295
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	645	350	290
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	645	355	295
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	7,860	4,060	3,800	1,055	600	455
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	195	150	45
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	0	10	190	150	45
Amharic	0	0	0	10	0	10
Arabic	10	0	10	165	135	30
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	25	15	10
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	10	10	10	0	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	10	0	10	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	10	0	15	10	15
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	10	0	20	0	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	35	20	15	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	35	20	15	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Indo-European languages	80	40	40	385	225	160
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	10	30	20	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	10	0	25	20	10
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	10	10	0	25	20	10
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	15	10	10	190	115	75
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	10	10	10
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	10	0	10	155	85	65
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages	40	25	15	50	30	20
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	10	20	20	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	10	10	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	15	15	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	15	10	10	30	10	15
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	15	10	10	30	10	20
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0	105	50	60
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	30	15	15
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	10	10	0	75	30	40
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	10	10	35	10	25
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	50	25	25	50	20	25
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	45	20	25
American Sign Language	0	0	0	20	10	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	25	15	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	7,645	3,945	3,700	310	165	145
Chinese languages	7,645	3,950	3,700	305	165	145
Cantonese	4,440	2,300	2,135	80	45	35
Hakka	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mandarin	3,145	1,620	1,520	210	105	110
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	50	20	30	15	15	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	10	0	10
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Multiple responses	3,535	1,590	1,945	3,270	1,420	1,850
English and French	220	85	140	2,295	950	1,345
English and non-official language	3,310	1,505	1,805	930	460	470
French and non-official language	0	10	0	0	0	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	40	15	30
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	67,935	34,830	33,100	514,075	261,365	252,710
None	56,330	29,210	27,125	491,875	250,710	241,170
English	3,060	1,490	1,570	5,115	2,370	2,745
French	465	190	270	13,405	6,555	6,855
Non-official language	7,830	3,840	3,995	3,430	1,600	1,825
Aboriginal	0	0	0	855	365	490
Non-Aboriginal	7,830	3,840	3,995	2,570	1,240	1,330
English and French	0	0	0	10	0	10
English and non-official language	220	95	120	0	10	0
French and non-official language	35	10	25	230	130	105
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	121,670	59,080	62,590	900,450	436,790	463,660
Non-movers	108,130	52,575	55,555	792,100	384,560	407,535
Movers	13,540	6,505	7,035	108,350	52,230	56,120
Non-migrants	7,675	3,600	4,080	68,165	32,930	35,235
Migrants	5,860	2,905	2,955	40,185	19,300	20,885
Internal migrants	3,255	1,645	1,610	33,720	16,055	17,665
Intraprovincial migrants	2,905	1,490	1,410	18,480	8,390	10,090
Interprovincial migrants	355	150	200	15,240	7,665	7,570
External migrants	2,610	1,265	1,345	6,470	3,240	3,225
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	116,295	56,225	60,070	866,425	419,580	446,845
Non-movers	70,125	34,270	35,860	582,705	283,125	299,575
Movers	46,170	21,955	24,210	283,720	136,455	147,265
Non-migrants	24,135	11,615	12,520	169,570	81,405	88,165
Migrants	22,030	10,340	11,690	114,150	55,045	59,100
Internal migrants	12,705	6,095	6,610	94,885	45,015	49,860
Intraprovincial migrants	11,675	5,595	6,085	50,330	23,230	27,095
Interprovincial migrants	1,030	505	525	44,555	21,785	22,770
External migrants	9,325	4,245	5,080	19,270	10,035	9,240

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

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Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Markham--Unionville [Federal electoral district], Ontario and Nova Scotia [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 23, 2025).

Date modified:: 2024-07-12

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Markham--Unionville [Federal electoral district], Ontario and Nova Scotia [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Markham--Unionville [Federal electoral district], Ontario and Nova Scotia [Province]