Census Profile, 2016 Census
Niagara Falls [Federal electoral district], Ontario and Matsqui 4, Indian reserve [Census subdivision], British Columbia

Feedback

Charts (using rates) Download Hierarchies

The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Niagara Falls Ontario [Federal electoral district]			Matsqui 4, IRI British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Niagara Falls [Federal electoral district], Ontario Map : Niagara Falls [Federal electoral district], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Matsqui 4, Indian reserve [Census subdivision], British Columbia Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	136,292	...	...	471	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	128,357	...	...	498	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	6.2	...	...	-5.4	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	60,574	...	...	286	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	56,046	...	...	285	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	267.9	...	...	1,680.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	508.81	...	...	0.28	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	136,295	66,065	70,230	470	210	260
0 to 14 years	19,595	10,055	9,535	5	0	5
0 to 4 years	5,920	3,025	2,895	0	0	0
5 to 9 years	6,645	3,405	3,240	5	0	5
10 to 14 years	7,025	3,625	3,400	0	0	0
15 to 64 years	86,150	42,130	44,020	65	30	40
15 to 19 years	7,625	3,905	3,715	0	0	5
20 to 24 years	7,705	3,975	3,735	5	5	0
25 to 29 years	6,995	3,570	3,420	5	0	0
30 to 34 years	6,915	3,365	3,550	0	5	0
35 to 39 years	7,155	3,430	3,730	0	0	0
40 to 44 years	7,975	3,810	4,160	5	0	0
45 to 49 years	9,070	4,400	4,665	5	5	0
50 to 54 years	10,815	5,280	5,535	5	0	0
55 to 59 years	11,140	5,275	5,860	15	10	5
60 to 64 years	10,765	5,115	5,645	35	15	25
65 years and over	30,555	13,880	16,670	395	185	215
65 to 69 years	9,950	4,735	5,215	95	35	60
70 to 74 years	7,250	3,520	3,730	135	65	65
75 to 79 years	5,140	2,400	2,740	80	40	40
80 to 84 years	3,905	1,695	2,210	40	20	20
85 years and over	4,305	1,535	2,770	50	25	25
85 to 89 years	2,665	1,045	1,615	25	15	10
90 to 94 years	1,290	410	880	20	5	15
95 to 99 years	310	80	235	5	0	0
100 years and over	35	0	30	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.4	15.2	13.6	1.1	0.0	1.9
15 to 64 years	63.2	63.8	62.7	13.8	14.3	15.4
65 years and over	22.4	21.0	23.7	84.0	88.1	82.7
85 years and over	3.2	2.3	3.9	10.6	11.9	9.6
Average age of the population	44.7	43.6	45.8	71.5	73.0	70.3
Median age of the population	47.3	46.0	48.5	72.3	72.8	71.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	56,045	...	...	285	...	...
Single-detached house	40,445	...	...	15	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,730	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	13,785	...	...	5	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,615	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	3,365	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,805	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,890	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	115	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	80	...	...	265	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	56,050	...	...	285	...	...
1 person	15,325	...	...	115	...	...
2 persons	21,210	...	...	160	...	...
3 persons	8,525	...	...	5	...	...
4 persons	7,040	...	...	0	...	...
5 or more persons	3,950	...	...	5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	133,135	...	...	470	...	...
Average household size	2.4	...	...	1.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	116,705	56,005	60,690	465	210	255
Married or living common law	66,630	33,340	33,295	330	160	165
Married	56,655	28,345	28,305	285	140	140
Living common law	9,980	4,990	4,990	45	20	30
Not married and not living common law	50,065	22,670	27,400	140	55	90
Never married	28,945	15,780	13,160	25	10	10
Separated	4,180	1,770	2,405	5	5	5
Divorced	8,220	3,320	4,895	40	20	20
Widowed	8,740	1,800	6,935	70	15	55
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	39,950	...	...	165	...	...
2 persons	22,275	...	...	160	...	...
3 persons	8,240	...	...	10	...	...
4 persons	6,655	...	...	0	...	...
5 or more persons	2,775	...	...	0	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	39,955	...	...	170	...	...
Total couple families	32,510	...	...	160	...	...
Married couples	27,525	...	...	140	...	...
Common-law couples	4,990	...	...	20	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	7,440	...	...	5	...	...
Female parent	5,910	...	...	0	...	...
Male parent	1,530	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	32,510	...	...	160	...	...
Couples without children	17,610	...	...	155	...	...
Couples with children	14,900	...	...	10	...	...
1 child	6,215	...	...	10	...	...
2 children	6,095	...	...	0	...	...
3 or more children	2,585	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	7,440	...	...	10	...	...
1 child	4,665	...	...	5	...	...
2 children	2,030	...	...	0	...	...
3 or more children	745	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	22,410	10,135	12,270	125	45	85
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	56,045	...	...	285	...	...
One-census-family households	37,940	...	...	165	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	16,795	...	...	155	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	21,150	...	...	10	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	990	...	...	0	...	...
Non-census-family households	17,115	...	...	120	...	...
One-person households	15,325	...	...	115	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	1,790	...	...	0	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	134,265	65,405	68,865	475	210	260
English only	123,985	60,985	63,000	455	200	260
French only	80	40	40	0	0	0
English and French	8,980	3,895	5,090	15	10	5
Neither English nor French	1,220	485	730	0	0	0
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	134,265	65,400	68,860	475	210	260
English	130,290	63,670	66,620	465	210	255
French	2,400	1,085	1,320	5	5	5
English and French	385	175	210	0	0	0
Neither English nor French	1,190	475	715	0	0	0
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	2,595	1,170	1,420	5	5	0
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.9	1.8	2.1	1.1	2.4	0.0
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	134,265	65,405	68,860	475	215	265
Single responses	132,045	64,360	67,690	470	210	260
Official languages	110,490	54,135	56,355	450	200	255
English	107,980	53,005	54,980	450	200	250
French	2,510	1,130	1,380	5	5	0
Non-official languages	21,555	10,230	11,330	20	10	10
Aboriginal languages	30	15	20	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	10	5	5	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	15	5	10	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	21,525	10,215	11,310	15	10	5
Afro-Asiatic languages	775	410	370	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	115	50	65	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	115	55	65	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	660	355	305	0	0	0
Amharic	15	10	10	0	0	0
Arabic	550	295	255	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	10	10	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	20	10	10	0	0	0
Maltese	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	10	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	440	200	245	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	10	20	0	0	0
Vietnamese	410	190	220	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,095	400	695	0	0	0
Bikol	10	5	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	50	15	35	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	15	5	10	0	0	0
Ilocano	25	5	15	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	25	10	15	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	965	360	605	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	5	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	105	50	50	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	15	10	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	80	40	40	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	205	115	90	0	0	0
Kannada	5	5	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	155	80	70	0	0	0
Tamil	40	25	15	0	0	0
Telugu	10	10	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	15,485	7,470	8,015	20	10	5
Albanian	35	15	20	0	0	0
Armenian	30	10	15	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	3,860	1,785	2,080	5	5	0
Baltic languages	80	35	45	0	0	0
Latvian	35	15	15	0	0	0
Lithuanian	40	15	25	0	0	0
Slavic languages	3,785	1,750	2,040	5	0	5
Belarusan	0	5	5	0	0	0
Bosnian	45	25	20	0	0	0
Bulgarian	230	105	130	0	0	0
Croatian	235	110	125	0	0	0
Czech	80	40	45	0	0	0
Macedonian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Polish	940	410	530	0	0	0
Russian	465	195	275	0	0	0
Serbian	1,090	550	540	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	80	35	45	0	0	0
Slovak	110	55	55	0	5	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	65	25	40	0	0	0
Ukrainian	390	180	205	5	5	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	20	5	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages	15	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	10	5	5	0	0	0
Welsh	5	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	2,955	1,420	1,530	10	5	0
Afrikaans	45	20	20	0	0	0
Danish	50	25	25	0	0	0
Dutch	580	290	290	0	0	0
Frisian	20	5	10	0	0	0
German	2,215	1,055	1,155	10	5	0
Icelandic	0	0	5	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	15	5	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	10	5	0	5
Yiddish	5	0	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	280	150	130	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,865	970	895	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	1,585	830	755	0	0	0
Bengali	40	20	20	0	0	0
Gujarati	345	185	160	0	0	0
Hindi	245	145	100	0	0	0
Kashmiri	5	0	5	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	5	0	0	0
Marathi	20	15	10	0	0	0
Nepali	35	20	10	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	375	180	195	0	0	0
Sindhi	15	5	5	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35	20	15	0	0	0
Urdu	460	230	230	0	0	0
Iranian languages	245	125	125	0	0	0
Kurdish	55	25	30	0	0	0
Pashto	15	10	10	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	170	90	85	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	6,455	3,115	3,340	5	0	0
Catalan	5	5	0	0	0	0
Italian	4,550	2,200	2,350	0	0	0
Portuguese	265	130	135	0	0	0
Romanian	185	85	100	0	0	0
Spanish	1,450	685	760	0	5	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Japanese	210	70	140	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Korean	455	220	240	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	140	65	75	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	20	10	5	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	5	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	10	0	5	0	0	0
Lingala	5	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	25	5	20	0	0	0
Swahili	25	15	15	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	15	5	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	5	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	40	20	15	0	0	0
American Sign Language	20	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	15	10	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,695	795	905	0	0	0
Chinese languages	1,675	785	895	0	0	0
Cantonese	710	335	375	0	0	0
Hakka	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mandarin	775	355	420	0	0	0
Min Dong	5	0	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40	20	20	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	115	55	65	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	10	15	0	0	0
Burmese	5	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	15	10	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	70	30	45	0	0	0
Lao	40	20	20	0	0	0
Thai	30	10	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	225	125	100	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	10	5	5	0	0	0
Turkish	200	110	85	0	0	0
Uyghur	10	5	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	560	245	315	0	0	0
Estonian	30	10	20	0	0	0
Finnish	35	20	20	0	0	0
Hungarian	495	215	275	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Multiple responses	2,215	1,040	1,175	0	0	0
English and French	465	200	265	5	0	0
English and non-official language	1,640	790	850	0	0	0
French and non-official language	60	25	35	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	55	25	25	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	134,265	65,405	68,860	475	215	265
Single responses	129,910	63,365	66,545	470	215	260
Official languages	121,130	59,245	61,885	470	210	260
English	120,535	58,975	61,565	465	210	260
French	590	275	320	0	0	0
Non-official languages	8,780	4,115	4,665	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	8,775	4,115	4,660	5	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	425	200	225	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	100	45	55	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	100	45	55	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	325	160	170	0	0	0
Amharic	5	5	0	0	0	0
Arabic	300	145	155	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	5	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	5	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	265	125	140	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	5	0	0	0
Vietnamese	255	120	140	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	455	190	265	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	15	10	10	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	5	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	420	175	245	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	55	25	30	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	10	10	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	40	15	30	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	95	50	45	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	80	45	40	0	0	0
Tamil	15	10	5	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	5,490	2,565	2,925	0	0	0
Albanian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Armenian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,645	775	875	0	0	0
Baltic languages	20	5	15	0	0	0
Latvian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,630	765	860	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	130	60	70	0	0	0
Croatian	85	40	50	0	0	0
Czech	10	10	5	0	0	0
Macedonian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Polish	350	160	195	0	0	0
Russian	240	115	125	0	0	0
Serbian	620	305	310	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Slovak	25	10	15	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ukrainian	100	40	55	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	540	265	270	0	0	0
Afrikaans	20	10	10	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	30	15	10	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	475	235	240	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Greek	80	45	40	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	990	490	500	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	870	435	440	0	0	0
Bengali	20	15	5	0	0	0
Gujarati	210	115	100	0	0	0
Hindi	140	80	60	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	220	100	120	0	0	0
Sindhi	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	10	5	0	0	0
Urdu	235	110	125	0	0	0
Iranian languages	115	50	60	0	0	0
Kurdish	25	10	10	0	0	0
Pashto	15	10	10	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	80	35	40	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,210	980	1,235	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	1,260	515	745	0	0	0
Portuguese	85	35	40	0	0	0
Romanian	85	40	40	0	0	0
Spanish	785	385	400	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	115	60	60	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	350	175	175	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	40	15	20	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	10	0	5	0	0	0
Swahili	15	10	5	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	55	25	25	0	0	0
American Sign Language	15	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	30	15	15	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,170	565	605	0	0	0
Chinese languages	1,150	555	595	0	0	0
Cantonese	470	225	245	0	0	0
Hakka	0	5	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	585	290	300	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	10	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	20	5	10	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	65	30	35	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	15	10	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Lao	10	10	5	0	0	0
Thai	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	115	65	50	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	5	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	105	60	45	0	0	0
Uyghur	5	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	135	55	80	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	5	0	0	0
Finnish	10	5	5	0	0	0
Hungarian	125	50	75	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Multiple responses	4,355	2,040	2,315	0	0	0
English and French	230	95	130	0	0	0
English and non-official language	4,025	1,905	2,125	0	0	0
French and non-official language	20	15	5	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	75	30	50	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	134,265	65,405	68,860	475	210	260
None	121,465	59,445	62,020	470	210	260
English	4,130	1,995	2,135	0	0	0
French	1,625	675	950	0	0	0
Non-official language	6,865	3,205	3,655	0	0	5
Aboriginal	50	25	30	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	6,815	3,185	3,625	5	0	0
English and French	15	10	10	0	0	0
English and non-official language	50	25	30	0	0	0
French and non-official language	110	45	65	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	5	0	5	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	113,595	54,735	58,860	465	210	255
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	110,150	53,140	57,010	460	210	250
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,458	36,762	25,882	23,904	27,648	22,123
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	110,195	53,145	57,050	460	210	250
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,029	33,256	24,239	23,360	25,728	21,909
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	97,790	48,220	49,570	380	180	200
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,099	33,676	21,918	12,144	14,688	11,168
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	84,590	38,320	46,270	450	205	245
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,422	7,041	7,586	15,061	15,968	13,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	77,435	39,895	37,540	160	85	75
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	26,852	31,325	23,588	2,224	2,224	1,992
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	113,595	54,760	58,840	465	205	260
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	110,210	53,205	57,005	470	205	260
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,711	47,973	33,933	36,604	45,405	29,542
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	110,260	53,215	57,045	465	205	260
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,740	40,218	29,628	31,911	39,390	25,910
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	97,770	48,045	49,720	400	195	200
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,431	46,370	30,758	26,655	32,550	20,984
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	84,805	38,545	46,260	450	195	250
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,603	8,420	8,755	14,446	15,614	13,526
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	77,435	39,765	37,665	160	90	65
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,160	42,909	31,091	26,809	27,521	25,857
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	113,595	54,760	58,840	465	210	260
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	33,995	19,010	14,980	25	10	15
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	47,022	52,787	41,074	37,887	0	0
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	56,278	62,875	47,906	49,545	0	52,777
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	83.8	87.5	78.9	54.1	56.7	52.4
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	64.0	66.9	60.1	19.1	18.2	19.1
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	16.2	12.5	21.1	45.5	43.5	47.7
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	113,600	54,735	58,860	465	210	255
Without total income	3,450	1,600	1,850	0	5	0
With total income	110,150	53,140	57,010	465	210	250
Percentage with total income	97.0	97.1	96.9	100.0	100.0	98.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	15,065	6,455	8,605	30	5	25
$10,000 to $19,999	21,235	8,230	13,005	125	45	80
$20,000 to $29,999	18,090	7,340	10,750	150	65	85
$30,000 to $39,999	14,470	6,735	7,735	45	25	20
$40,000 to $49,999	11,540	5,815	5,725	50	30	25
$50,000 to $59,999	8,430	4,700	3,730	25	10	10
$60,000 to $69,999	5,720	3,525	2,195	15	10	5
$70,000 to $79,999	3,970	2,490	1,470	5	5	0
$80,000 to $89,999	2,985	1,905	1,080	10	10	0
$90,000 to $99,999	2,585	1,555	1,030	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	6,060	4,375	1,685	10	5	5
$100,000 to $149,999	4,275	3,015	1,265	5	5	0
$150,000 and over	1,785	1,360	420	5	0	5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	113,600	54,735	58,860	465	210	255
Without after-tax income	3,400	1,590	1,815	0	5	5
With after-tax income	110,190	53,145	57,045	460	210	255
Percentage with after-tax income	97.0	97.1	96.9	98.9	100.0	100.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	15,685	6,590	9,100	30	10	25
$10,000 to $19,999	22,255	8,655	13,600	130	50	80
$20,000 to $29,999	20,735	8,585	12,150	155	70	90
$30,000 to $39,999	16,550	8,120	8,435	60	25	30
$40,000 to $49,999	12,385	6,620	5,765	30	25	10
$50,000 to $59,999	7,640	4,635	3,000	25	10	10
$60,000 to $69,999	5,050	3,215	1,835	15	10	5
$70,000 to $79,999	3,640	2,310	1,330	0	0	0
$80,000 and over	6,260	4,420	1,840	10	5	5
$80,000 to $89,999	2,270	1,470	800	5	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	1,255	900	345	5	0	5
$100,000 and over	2,740	2,045	695	5	5	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	113,595	54,740	58,860	465	210	255
Without employment income	36,165	14,840	21,325	305	125	180
With employment income	77,435	39,895	37,535	160	85	80
Percentage with employment income	68.2	72.9	63.8	34.4	40.5	31.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	12,770	6,870	5,900	90	45	45
$5,000 to $9,999	7,230	3,210	4,025	15	10	10
$10,000 to $19,999	11,775	5,055	6,720	15	5	5
$20,000 to $29,999	9,885	4,260	5,625	10	10	0
$30,000 to $39,999	8,370	3,855	4,515	10	0	5
$40,000 to $49,999	7,070	3,505	3,565	5	0	5
$50,000 to $59,999	5,335	3,075	2,255	5	0	5
$60,000 to $69,999	3,645	2,320	1,325	5	5	5
$70,000 to $79,999	2,645	1,705	940	5	5	0
$80,000 and over	8,695	6,035	2,660	10	5	5
$80,000 to $89,999	2,180	1,425	755	5	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	2,180	1,280	895	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	4,335	3,330	1,005	5	0	0
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	56,045	...	...	285	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	63,301	...	...	42,816	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	56,905	...	...	39,515	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	15,325	...	...	115	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,955	...	...	27,232	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	29,272	...	...	25,440	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	40,720	...	...	170	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	77,956	...	...	50,048	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	69,473	...	...	47,872	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	56,045	...	...	285	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	80,056	...	...	59,850	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	68,342	...	...	52,177	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	15,285	...	...	110	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	40,735	...	...	34,740	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,978	...	...	30,668	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	40,760	...	...	170	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	94,801	...	...	76,347	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	80,854	...	...	66,308	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	56,045	...	...	285	...	...
Under $5,000	625	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	745	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,580	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,275	...	...	15	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,720	...	...	35	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,505	...	...	20	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,665	...	...	30	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,830	...	...	20	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,775	...	...	25	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,810	...	...	30	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,920	...	...	25	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,455	...	...	20	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,960	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,570	...	...	10	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,945	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,655	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,470	...	...	0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,455	...	...	10	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,455	...	...	5	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,275	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	56,045	...	...	285	...	...
Under $5,000	670	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	775	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,610	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,415	...	...	15	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,005	...	...	40	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,840	...	...	30	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,035	...	...	35	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,245	...	...	30	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,330	...	...	25	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,080	...	...	25	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,670	...	...	35	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,095	...	...	15	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,395	...	...	10	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,525	...	...	10	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,885	...	...	5	...	...
$100,000 and over	10,470	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,805	...	...	10	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,605	...	...	0	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,055	...	...	0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	39,470	...	...	165	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	77,992	...	...	51,328	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	69,502	...	...	48,512	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	16,385	...	...	150	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	72,279	...	...	48,683	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	64,316	...	...	46,891	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	15,080	...	...	5	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	101,161	...	...	0	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	88,677	...	...	0	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	6,925	...	...	5	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	49,684	...	...	0	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	46,740	...	...	0	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	39,470	...	...	160	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	94,971	...	...	78,186	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	80,900	...	...	67,773	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	16,315	...	...	140	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	90,080	...	...	79,007	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	75,589	...	...	67,965	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	15,120	...	...	10	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	116,265	...	...	0	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	98,994	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,910	...	...	15	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	59,744	...	...	0	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,500	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	19,500	8,985	10,515	125	45	80
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,127	31,650	27,523	26,816	30,528	24,416
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	26,999	28,849	25,904	25,312	27,328	24,384
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	19,530	9,010	10,520	130	40	95
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	37,811	41,291	34,831	32,704	37,205	30,833
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	32,633	34,998	30,607	28,990	34,186	26,829
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	133,135	64,765	68,370	475	215	260
In the bottom half of the distribution	73,095	34,460	38,635	360	160	200
In the bottom decile	13,020	6,150	6,875	25	10	15
In the second decile	15,460	6,850	8,610	105	40	65
In the third decile	15,450	7,260	8,190	110	45	65
In the fourth decile	14,685	7,075	7,605	55	30	30
In the fifth decile	14,480	7,125	7,350	60	30	30
In the top half of the distribution	60,040	30,305	29,735	110	55	60
In the sixth decile	13,840	6,870	6,965	35	15	20
In the seventh decile	13,340	6,700	6,640	35	15	25
In the eighth decile	12,295	6,230	6,060	15	10	10
In the ninth decile	11,660	5,940	5,720	20	15	10
In the top decile	8,915	4,565	4,350	5	0	5
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	133,135	64,760	68,370	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	24,030	12,395	11,635	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	7,115	3,635	3,480	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	80,685	39,160	41,525	0	0	0
65 years and over	28,415	13,205	15,210	0	0	0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	20,375	9,250	11,135	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	5,135	2,675	2,465	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	1,685	885	800	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	12,030	5,410	6,620	0	0	0
65 years and over	3,210	1,160	2,045	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.3	14.3	16.3	...	...	...
0 to 17 years (%)	21.4	21.6	21.2	...	...	...
0 to 5 years (%)	23.7	24.3	23.0	...	...	...
18 to 64 years (%)	14.9	13.8	15.9	...	...	...
65 years and over (%)	11.3	8.8	13.4	...	...	...
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	9,290	4,500	4,795	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	2,010	1,070	940	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	645	340	305	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	6,645	3,160	3,485	0	0	0
65 years and over	640	265	370	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.0	6.9	7.0	...	...	...
0 to 17 years (%)	8.4	8.6	8.1	...	...	...
0 to 5 years (%)	9.1	9.4	8.8	...	...	...
18 to 64 years (%)	8.2	8.1	8.4	...	...	...
65 years and over (%)	2.3	2.0	2.4	...	...	...
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	133,135	64,760	68,370	470	205	265
Official languages	131,980	64,330	67,650	470	210	265
English	131,925	64,295	67,625	470	210	265
French	9,055	3,975	5,085	20	10	10
Non-official languages	26,805	12,655	14,145	20	0	10
Aboriginal languages	90	35	55	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	30	15	15	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	10	0	10	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25	15	10	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	30	15	15	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	50	15	35	0	0	0
Cayuga	20	0	20	0	0	0
Mohawk	30	0	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	26,720	12,620	14,095	20	10	15
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,060	545	510	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	140	80	60	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	140	80	65	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	945	485	460	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	810	425	390	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	70	30	35	0	0	0
Maltese	55	40	20	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	20	0	20	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	550	240	315	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	50	15	40	0	0	0
Vietnamese	500	225	275	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,440	550	895	0	0	0
Bikol	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	90	30	60	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	50	10	45	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	25	0	20	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,390	525	865	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	10	0	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	120	55	60	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	10	10	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	90	40	50	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	255	155	100	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	205	130	80	0	0	0
Tamil	65	50	20	0	0	0
Telugu	10	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	19,695	9,395	10,305	0	0	0
Albanian	55	25	25	0	0	0
Armenian	55	20	35	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	4,295	2,025	2,270	0	0	0
Baltic languages	75	30	45	0	0	0
Latvian	45	25	15	0	0	0
Lithuanian	35	10	25	0	0	0
Slavic languages	4,235	2,000	2,235	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	160	80	85	0	0	0
Bulgarian	195	110	80	0	0	0
Croatian	445	210	235	0	0	0
Czech	145	65	80	0	0	0
Macedonian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Polish	1,220	580	645	0	0	0
Russian	620	260	360	0	0	0
Serbian	1,350	665	685	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	60	35	30	0	0	0
Slovak	85	40	45	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	45	25	25	0	0	0
Ukrainian	480	210	270	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	20	0	0	0
Celtic languages	60	20	40	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	30	0	20	0	0	0
Welsh	10	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	0
Germanic languages	3,650	1,740	1,910	10	0	10
Afrikaans	80	35	45	0	0	0
Danish	85	35	50	0	0	0
Dutch	710	345	360	10	0	10
Frisian	25	15	20	0	0	0
German	2,745	1,310	1,430	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Swedish	40	25	20	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	0	15	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	15	0	0	0
Greek	450	215	235	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,435	1,195	1,235	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	2,020	990	1,030	0	0	0
Bengali	85	50	40	0	0	0
Gujarati	455	245	215	0	0	0
Hindi	880	480	400	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	10	0	0	0
Konkani	10	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	35	15	20	0	0	0
Nepali	75	45	25	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	15	0	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	510	240	275	0	0	0
Sindhi	45	15	35	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35	10	30	0	0	0
Urdu	580	255	325	0	0	0
Iranian languages	405	200	205	0	0	0
Kurdish	145	85	65	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	265	120	145	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	9,060	4,325	4,735	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	6,005	2,850	3,155	0	0	0
Portuguese	460	230	230	0	0	0
Romanian	315	170	145	0	0	0
Spanish	2,610	1,215	1,390	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0	0	0
Japanese	240	110	130	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Georgian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	475	215	265	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	250	125	125	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	25	10	10	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	10	0	0	0
Igbo	10	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	10	10	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	35	15	15	0	0	0
Swahili	115	60	60	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	30	25	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	55	15	40	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	225	95	130	0	0	0
American Sign Language	85	30	55	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	135	65	75	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,955	930	1,020	0	0	0
Chinese languages	1,940	930	1,005	0	0	0
Cantonese	835	385	450	0	0	0
Hakka	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	1,150	550	600	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	100	45	50	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	145	70	70	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	0	15	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	10	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	10	0	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	75	30	45	0	0	0
Lao	30	20	15	0	0	0
Thai	40	15	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	245	135	110	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	10	0	10	0	0	0
Turkish	195	100	90	0	0	0
Uyghur	50	30	20	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	645	280	360	10	0	10
Estonian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Finnish	65	25	45	0	0	0
Hungarian	555	250	305	10	0	10
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	133,130	64,765	68,370	475	210	265
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	126,410	61,910	64,500	460	200	260
Canadian citizens aged under 18	23,390	12,060	11,335	10	0	10
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	103,015	49,850	53,165	455	200	255
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	6,730	2,860	3,870	10	10	0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	133,135	64,765	68,370	470	205	265
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	104,950	51,640	53,310	420	185	230
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	27,000	12,530	14,465	55	20	35
Before 1981	13,375	6,275	7,100	45	15	30
1981 to 1990	2,875	1,365	1,515	0	0	0
1991 to 2000	4,085	1,855	2,230	0	0	0
2001 to 2010	4,545	2,045	2,500	0	0	0
2001 to 2005	2,290	1,040	1,250	10	10	0
2006 to 2010	2,255	1,005	1,255	0	0	0
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	2,115	995	1,125	0	0	0
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	1,190	595	595	0	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	27,000	12,530	14,470	55	25	30
Under 5 years	3,285	1,670	1,625	0	0	0
5 to 14 years	5,375	2,680	2,695	10	0	10
15 to 24 years	6,755	2,995	3,760	15	10	10
25 to 44 years	9,790	4,330	5,460	25	10	15
45 years and over	1,790	855	935	10	0	0
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	27,000	12,530	14,465	55	20	30
Americas	5,565	2,320	3,245	10	0	0
Brazil	95	25	70	0	0	0
Colombia	370	160	210	0	0	0
El Salvador	190	80	110	0	0	0
Guyana	125	70	55	0	0	0
Haiti	50	10	40	0	0	0
Jamaica	225	120	105	0	0	0
Mexico	440	235	205	0	0	0
Peru	35	10	30	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	220	85	135	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	2,960	1,120	1,835	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	855	405	450	0	0	0
Europe	14,175	6,870	7,300	45	20	30
Bosnia and Herzegovina	275	130	145	0	0	0
Croatia	615	325	290	0	0	0
France	115	50	70	0	0	0
Germany	960	425	530	0	0	0
Greece	145	95	50	0	0	0
Hungary	305	135	165	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	130	55	75	0	0	0
Italy	3,350	1,605	1,740	0	0	0
Netherlands	575	265	310	10	0	10
Poland	765	375	400	0	0	0
Portugal	205	120	90	0	0	0
Romania	330	185	140	0	0	0
Russian Federation	210	90	120	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	385	170	215	0	0	0
Ukraine	315	125	185	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	4,410	2,190	2,220	40	15	25
Other places of birth in Europe	1,085	535	560	0	0	0
Africa	820	450	370	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	110	60	50	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	10	0	0	0
Kenya	85	35	50	0	0	0
Morocco	20	15	10	0	0	0
Nigeria	40	25	10	0	0	0
Somalia	90	60	30	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	130	65	65	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	340	195	145	0	0	0
Asia	6,300	2,810	3,495	0	0	0
Afghanistan	15	10	10	0	0	0
Bangladesh	60	45	15	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	1,155	510	645	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	130	70	60	0	0	0
India	950	460	490	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	210	100	105	0	0	0
Iraq	180	90	95	0	0	0
Japan	145	55	90	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	310	150	160	0	0	0
Lebanon	115	60	50	0	0	0
Pakistan	380	165	210	0	0	0
Philippines	1,410	565	850	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	80	35	45	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	10	0	0	0
Taiwan	50	20	30	0	0	0
Viet Nam	405	165	240	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	705	315	385	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	135	80	55	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	2,115	990	1,125	0	0	0
Americas	515	245	275	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	10	0	0	0
Colombia	55	25	30	0	0	0
Cuba	45	25	20	0	0	0
Haiti	25	0	20	0	0	0
Jamaica	30	20	15	0	0	0
Mexico	120	75	45	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	150	75	80	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	70	25	40	0	0	0
Europe	350	160	190	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	25	10	15	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	50	30	20	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	10	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	85	45	40	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	155	65	85	0	0	0
Africa	130	85	50	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	20	15	10	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	10	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	35	25	15	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	45	25	20	0	0	0
Asia	1,105	495	610	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	205	90	115	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	195	100	90	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	70	40	30	0	0	0
Iraq	35	10	25	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	25	10	20	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	55	35	20	0	0	0
Lebanon	10	10	0	0	0	0
Nepal	40	30	15	0	0	0
Pakistan	90	40	50	0	0	0
Philippines	335	130	205	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	10	0	10	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	10	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	10	0	10	0	0	0
Viet Nam	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	10	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	10	15	0	0	0	0
Australia	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	133,135	64,760	68,370	470	205	265
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	29,045	13,580	15,470	55	25	35
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	31,680	15,565	16,120	165	80	90
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	72,405	35,625	36,785	245	100	145
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	13,975	6,405	7,570	10	10	0
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	5,740	2,820	2,920	10	0	0
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	2,390	1,535	860	0	0	0
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	3,345	1,285	2,065	0	0	10
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	5,025	1,920	3,110	0	10	0
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	2,935	1,530	1,400	0	0	0
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	275	140	140	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	133,135	64,765	68,370	470	210	265
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	3,735	1,780	1,955	30	10	20
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	3,525	1,700	1,825	25	10	20
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	2,430	1,165	1,265	20	0	10
Métis	1,085	535	555	10	0	10
Inuk (Inuit)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	105	30	70	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	110	45	60	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	129,400	62,985	66,415	445	200	245
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	133,135	64,760	68,370	470	205	265
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	1,450	685	760	20	0	10
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	131,685	64,080	67,610	455	205	250
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	133,130	64,760	68,370	475	210	265
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	790	405	385	15	10	10
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	780	395	390	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	625	320	300	15	10	10
Métis single ancestry	160	75	90	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	10	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	4,840	2,305	2,535	10	10	0
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	4,705	2,260	2,445	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,675	1,730	1,945	10	10	0
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,015	520	495	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	10	10	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	135	40	90	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	125	45	85	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	127,505	62,060	65,445	445	195	250
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	133,130	64,765	68,370	475	205	265
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	13,970	6,700	7,270	0	0	0
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	2,850	1,490	1,360	0	0	0
Chinese	2,190	1,035	1,155	0	0	0
Black	2,225	1,090	1,135	0	0	0
Filipino	1,990	835	1,160	0	0	0
Latin American	1,360	640	725	0	0	0
Arab	700	370	330	0	0	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	810	335	475	0	0	0
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	410	175	235	0	0	0
Korean	505	245	260	0	0	0
Japanese	275	135	140	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	185	95	90	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	475	265	210	0	0	0
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	119,160	58,060	61,100	470	205	265
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	133,135	64,765	68,370	470	210	265
North American Aboriginal origins	5,625	2,705	2,925	25	10	15
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,430	2,100	2,330	25	10	15
Inuit	20	15	10	0	0	0
Métis	1,310	640	675	10	0	10
Other North American origins	37,695	18,280	19,415	125	60	70
Acadian	110	60	45	0	0	0
American	2,595	1,195	1,400	0	0	10
Canadian	35,765	17,445	18,320	115	50	65
New Brunswicker	0	0	10	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	115	60	55	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	20	0	10	0	0	0
Ontarian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	35	0	35	0	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	10	10	0
European origins	103,345	49,975	53,365	405	175	225
British Isles origins	62,660	30,005	32,655	300	130	175
Channel Islander	35	20	10	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	36,855	17,580	19,275	225	110	115
Irish	23,865	11,090	12,775	60	20	40
Manx	35	0	30	0	0	0
Scottish	25,375	12,035	13,340	90	40	50
Welsh	2,790	1,435	1,360	10	0	10
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	3,395	1,570	1,825	15	0	10
French origins	15,645	7,500	8,145	45	15	30
Alsatian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	10	10	10	0	0	0
French	15,640	7,500	8,140	45	15	30
Western European origins (except French origins)	25,870	12,410	13,460	95	50	50
Austrian	885	405	475	10	0	10
Bavarian	20	0	15	0	0	0
Belgian	515	240	275	0	0	0
Dutch	6,710	3,180	3,525	10	0	15
Flemish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Frisian	25	15	10	0	0	0
German	19,410	9,340	10,070	80	45	35
Luxembourger	10	0	10	0	0	0
Swiss	395	195	200	0	0	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	2,320	1,055	1,260	55	20	35
Danish	480	230	250	10	0	0
Finnish	540	265	275	10	10	10
Icelandic	90	30	60	0	0	0
Norwegian	540	225	320	20	0	15
Swedish	695	310	390	15	10	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	90	45	40	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	18,230	8,685	9,540	40	25	15
Bulgarian	285	160	120	0	0	0
Byelorussian	45	15	25	0	0	0
Czech	440	205	240	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	205	80	120	0	10	0
Estonian	125	75	55	0	0	0
Hungarian	3,450	1,650	1,795	15	0	10
Latvian	230	120	105	0	0	0
Lithuanian	320	140	175	0	0	0
Moldovan	35	25	15	0	0	0
Polish	6,500	3,035	3,465	10	10	0
Romanian	990	545	450	0	0	0
Russian	2,035	1,020	1,020	10	0	0
Slovak	645	305	345	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5,740	2,665	3,070	10	10	0
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	25	15	10	0	0	0
Southern European origins	27,185	13,540	13,640	10	0	10
Albanian	70	30	45	0	0	0
Bosnian	260	130	135	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	875	420	455	0	0	0
Cypriot	40	15	30	0	0	0
Greek	985	520	465	0	0	0
Italian	20,995	10,460	10,535	10	0	10
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	185	115	65	0	0	0
Maltese	330	160	165	0	0	0
Montenegrin	40	20	20	0	0	0
Portuguese	790	435	350	0	0	0
Serbian	1,645	825	820	0	0	0
Sicilian	80	45	30	0	0	0
Slovenian	210	120	90	0	0	0
Spanish	1,470	615	860	10	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	415	225	190	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	430	260	170	0	0	0
Basque	15	10	0	0	0	0
Jewish	220	135	90	0	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	15	10	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	20	20	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	160	85	75	0	0	0
Caribbean origins	1,695	775	925	0	0	0
Antiguan	20	0	15	0	0	0
Bahamian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Barbadian	145	75	70	0	0	0
Bermudan	10	0	15	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	180	65	110	0	0	0
Dominican	25	15	10	0	0	0
Grenadian	20	0	10	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	135	40	95	0	0	0
Jamaican	765	375	395	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	55	40	20	0	0	0
St. Lucian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	225	95	130	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	35	15	20	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	95	45	55	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	55	30	25	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	1,955	1,010	955	0	0	0
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	90	35	55	0	0	0
Arawak	15	10	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	75	50	30	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	120	65	60	0	0	0
Chilean	45	15	25	0	0	0
Colombian	460	205	260	0	0	0
Costa Rican	45	35	10	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Guatemalan	70	25	45	0	0	0
Guyanese	145	70	70	0	0	0
Hispanic	30	20	10	0	0	0
Honduran	30	20	10	0	0	0
Maya	15	15	0	0	0	0
Mexican	495	290	205	10	0	0
Nicaraguan	35	20	15	0	0	0
Panamanian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Paraguayan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Peruvian	50	35	15	0	0	0
Salvadorean	205	90	115	0	0	0
Uruguayan	25	20	10	0	0	0
Venezuelan	65	35	35	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	40	20	20	0	0	0
African origins	1,520	805	720	0	0	0
Central and West African origins	95	60	30	0	0	0
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	15	10	10	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	35	15	20	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	35	25	10	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins	295	170	125	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	145	80	60	0	0	0
Libyan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	30	15	15	0	0	0
Sudanese	105	60	40	0	0	0
Tunisian	10	10	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	495	255	235	0	0	0
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	55	25	25	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	155	75	75	0	0	0
South African	175	85	95	0	0	0
Tanzanian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	50	20	25	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	30	25	10	0	0	0
Other African origins	655	330	325	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	105	55	45	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	560	285	275	0	0	0
Asian origins	10,980	5,245	5,735	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	1,870	920	955	0	0	0
Afghan	20	15	10	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	130	85	45	0	0	0
Armenian	215	110	105	0	0	0
Assyrian	15	10	15	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	25	15	10	0	0	0
Georgian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	290	125	165	0	0	0
Iraqi	135	65	70	0	0	0
Israeli	45	20	25	0	0	0
Jordanian	35	20	15	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	10	0	0	0	0
Kurd	130	75	55	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	40	15	25	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	405	185	220	0	0	0
Palestinian	85	40	45	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Syrian	40	15	20	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	10	0	10	0	0	0
Turk	240	135	110	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	55	30	25	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	10	0	10	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	25	10	15	0	0	0
South Asian origins	2,930	1,525	1,405	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	30	20	0	0	0	0
Bengali	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	2,295	1,215	1,085	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	0	10	0	0	0
Kashmiri	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	65	45	25	0	0	0
Pakistani	455	210	245	0	0	0
Punjabi	40	15	25	0	0	0
Sinhalese	15	10	10	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	80	40	40	0	0	0
Tamil	10	10	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	85	35	50	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	6,245	2,840	3,410	0	0	0
Burmese	30	25	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	105	20	85	0	0	0
Chinese	2,665	1,260	1,410	0	0	0
Filipino	2,105	900	1,205	0	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	45	10	35	0	0	0
Japanese	350	170	175	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	515	250	265	0	0	0
Laotian	40	20	25	0	0	0
Malaysian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Mongolian	20	0	15	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	30	15	15	0	0	0
Thai	40	10	35	0	0	0
Tibetan	15	0	20	0	0	0
Vietnamese	680	320	360	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	45	20	25	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	45	20	25	0	0	0
Oceania origins	150	50	100	0	0	0
Australian	125	40	90	0	0	0
New Zealander	15	0	10	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	25	15	0	0	0	0
Fijian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Hawaiian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	10	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	56,045	...	...	285	...	...
Owner	42,230	...	...	270	...	...
Renter	13,815	...	...	10	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	56,050	...	...	285	...	...
Condominium	3,245	...	...	0	...	...
Not condominium	52,800	...	...	285	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	56,045	...	...	285	...	...
No bedrooms	80	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	4,745	...	...	10	...	...
2 bedrooms	12,755	...	...	235	...	...
3 bedrooms	25,395	...	...	35	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	13,065	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	56,045	...	...	285	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	9,600	...	...	40	...	...
5 rooms	8,255	...	...	90	...	...
6 rooms	10,290	...	...	105	...	...
7 rooms	9,290	...	...	45	...	...
8 or more rooms	18,615	...	...	10	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	56,045	...	...	285	...	...
One person or fewer per room	55,660	...	...	285	...	...
More than 1 person per room	385	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	56,050	...	...	285	...	...
Suitable	54,260	...	...	285	...	...
Not suitable	1,785	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	56,050	...	...	285	...	...
1960 or before	19,600	...	...	10	...	...
1961 to 1980	15,805	...	...	100	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,865	...	...	150	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,470	...	...	15	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,000	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,895	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	3,415	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	56,045	...	...	285	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	52,195	...	...	270	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,850	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	56,045	...	...	285	...	...
1 household maintainer	33,335	...	...	170	...	...
2 household maintainers	21,515	...	...	115	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	1,200	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	56,045	...	...	285	...	...
15 to 24 years	980	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,465	...	...	0	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,835	...	...	10	...	...
45 to 54 years	11,060	...	...	0	...	...
55 to 64 years	12,335	...	...	25	...	...
65 to 74 years	10,285	...	...	125	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,700	...	...	90	...	...
85 years and over	2,385	...	...	40	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	55,655	...	...	0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	41,705	...	...	0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	13,950	...	...	0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	12,520	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	41,935	...	...	0	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	56.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	17.7	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,005	...	...	0	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,146	...	...	0	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	268,905	...	...	0	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	324,819	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	13,795	...	...	0	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	17.2	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	47.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	880	...	...	0	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	921	...	...	0	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	113,595	54,760	58,835	465	210	255
No certificate, diploma or degree	20,885	10,080	10,805	90	45	50
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	36,430	17,200	19,235	195	75	110
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	56,275	27,480	28,800	180	85	95
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,295	6,640	2,655	65	40	25
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	4,420	2,690	1,725	25	10	15
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	4,880	3,950	935	40	25	15
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	26,170	11,175	15,000	95	35	55
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,340	1,150	1,190	10	10	0
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	18,475	8,520	9,955	20	10	15
Bachelor's degree	12,555	5,535	7,020	20	10	10
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,360	630	735	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	480	280	190	0	0	0
Master's degree	3,695	1,820	1,875	10	0	0
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	390	255	130	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	70,030	33,830	36,200	60	25	40
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,690	4,040	3,645	10	10	0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	21,565	10,610	10,960	40	15	25
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	40,785	19,185	21,595	15	0	15
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,910	4,090	1,820	0	0	0
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	2,900	1,720	1,180	0	0	0
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	3,010	2,375	640	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	19,620	8,340	11,280	15	0	15
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,525	740	785	0	0	0
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	13,720	6,015	7,710	0	0	0
Bachelor's degree	9,430	4,030	5,400	0	0	0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,000	465	540	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	350	185	170	0	0	0
Master's degree	2,705	1,225	1,485	0	0	0
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	235	115	115	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	113,600	54,760	58,835	465	210	260
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	57,320	27,280	30,040	280	120	160
Education	3,775	930	2,845	15	10	10
13. Education	3,780	930	2,845	15	10	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,995	825	1,170	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	360	265	100	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,635	560	1,075	0	10	0
Humanities	2,775	1,210	1,565	10	0	10
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	260	75	185	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	620	185	435	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	875	360	515	10	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	0	10	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	115	80	35	0	0	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	290	185	105	0	0	0
54. History	445	280	165	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	160	50	110	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,100	2,025	4,075	15	10	10
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	15	45	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	535	225	310	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,520	140	1,390	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	800	265	535	10	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	75	20	60	0	0	0
42. Psychology	1,025	290	740	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	2,075	1,080	995	10	0	0
Business, management and public administration	11,165	4,320	6,840	30	15	20
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	920	175	740	10	10	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,230	4,140	6,085	20	0	15
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,730	935	800	10	10	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	665	285	380	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	390	185	205	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	20	0	20	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	550	415	135	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	105	35	65	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,725	1,010	720	0	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,240	765	475	0	0	0
25. Library science	175	20	160	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	280	200	85	10	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	25	20	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	11,860	11,120	745	45	45	0
04. Architecture and related services	280	175	105	0	0	0
14. Engineering	1,530	1,355	175	0	0	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	2,715	2,460	255	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,505	2,470	35	25	25	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,975	2,880	95	15	15	0
48. Precision production	1,865	1,785	80	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,240	785	460	0	0	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	945	580	370	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	295	205	90	10	0	0
Health and related fields	8,925	1,660	7,265	25	10	20
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	885	445	445	10	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs	7,930	1,160	6,770	25	0	25
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	110	60	50	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,970	2,655	2,310	30	10	25
12. Personal and culinary services	2,640	930	1,715	20	0	20
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	25	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	1,535	1,015	520	10	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	750	670	80	10	0	0
Other	10	0	10	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	10	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	70,035	33,830	36,200	65	25	40
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	29,250	14,650	14,605	50	20	25
Education	2,410	595	1,815	0	0	0
13. Education	2,405	595	1,815	0	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,495	615	880	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	300	210	95	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,195	405	785	0	0	0
Humanities	1,870	785	1,080	0	0	0
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	180	40	135	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	385	105	285	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	655	270	390	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	45	20	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	175	115	60	0	0	0
54. History	285	180	105	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	120	30	90	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,775	1,465	3,310	10	0	0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	10	25	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	420	190	230	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,235	110	1,130	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	680	200	480	0	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	60	20	45	0	0	0
42. Psychology	745	185	560	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	1,595	760	840	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	8,420	3,175	5,245	0	10	0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	15	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	715	135	580	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,695	3,040	4,655	10	0	0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,220	585	635	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	480	190	295	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	275	120	160	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	20	10	20	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	360	245	110	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	30	55	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,330	780	550	0	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	970	620	350	0	0	0
25. Library science	145	10	135	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	195	135	65	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	15	15	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	7,850	7,275	580	0	0	0
04. Architecture and related services	185	110	75	0	0	0
14. Engineering	1,045	900	140	0	0	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,940	1,730	205	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,555	1,525	30	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,945	1,880	75	0	0	0
48. Precision production	1,185	1,125	50	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,005	645	355	0	10	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	775	480	295	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	230	165	65	0	0	0
Health and related fields	6,660	1,275	5,385	10	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	675	360	315	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs	5,910	880	5,035	10	0	10
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	80	40	40	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,740	1,990	1,745	0	0	0
12. Personal and culinary services	1,955	725	1,230	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	10	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	1,180	730	450	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	575	510	60	0	0	0
Other	10	0	10	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	10	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	113,595	54,760	58,840	465	205	260
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	57,320	27,280	30,035	285	120	160
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	56,280	27,480	28,800	185	85	100
Location of study inside Canada	46,570	22,750	23,815	165	75	85
Same as province or territory of residence	44,115	21,585	22,530	115	50	60
Different than province or territory of residence	2,450	1,165	1,285	50	25	25
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	9,710	4,730	4,980	15	10	10
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	3,180	1,435	1,745	0	0	0
Philippines	765	260	505	0	0	0
India	575	285	285	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	1,410	880	535	10	10	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	310	125	185	0	0	0
France	50	35	15	0	0	0
Other	3,425	1,710	1,715	10	0	10
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	70,035	33,830	36,200	65	25	40
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	29,250	14,650	14,605	50	20	30
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	40,785	19,185	21,600	15	0	15
Location of study inside Canada	34,235	16,260	17,975	15	0	15
Same as province or territory of residence	32,695	15,535	17,160	15	10	10
Different than province or territory of residence	1,540	730	810	0	0	0
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	6,545	2,920	3,625	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	2,220	925	1,295	0	0	0
Philippines	600	200	395	0	0	0
India	470	230	240	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	525	315	210	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	285	110	175	0	0	0
France	30	20	10	0	0	0
Other	2,425	1,125	1,300	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	113,600	54,760	58,835	465	210	260
In the labour force	68,170	34,855	33,320	95	60	30
Employed	63,215	32,085	31,130	90	60	30
Unemployed	4,955	2,770	2,190	0	0	10
Not in the labour force	45,425	19,905	25,515	375	150	220
Participation rate	60.0	63.7	56.6	20.4	28.6	11.5
Employment rate	55.6	58.6	52.9	19.4	28.6	11.5
Unemployment rate	7.3	7.9	6.6	0.0	0.0	33.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	113,595	54,760	58,835	465	205	255
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	42,290	18,595	23,700	365	145	225
Worked	71,305	36,165	35,140	100	65	35
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	34,980	19,605	15,375	25	10	20
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	36,325	16,565	19,765	75	55	20
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	42.8	42.0	39.2	37.5	42.1
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	68,175	34,850	33,320	95	60	30
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,370	725	650	0	0	0
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	66,800	34,130	32,675	95	60	35
Employee	59,240	29,400	29,840	80	40	30
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	7,560	4,725	2,835	15	20	0
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	68,175	34,855	33,320	95	60	35
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,375	720	645	0	0	0
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	66,805	34,125	32,675	95	60	35
0 Management occupations	7,015	4,145	2,875	10	10	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,530	2,460	6,075	15	0	15
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,875	2,375	495	0	0	0
3 Health occupations	4,260	735	3,515	10	0	0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,065	1,945	4,125	10	0	0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,630	715	915	10	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	22,950	9,755	13,195	25	20	0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,435	8,890	550	25	20	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,410	1,065	345	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,625	2,040	585	10	0	10
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	68,175	34,855	33,320	95	60	35
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,375	725	650	0	0	0
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	66,800	34,130	32,675	95	60	35
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,150	740	410	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	115	95	15	0	0	0
22 Utilities	475	375	95	0	0	0
23 Construction	4,430	4,030	405	10	10	0
31-33 Manufacturing	5,500	4,125	1,375	10	0	0
41 Wholesale trade	2,005	1,405	600	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	7,870	3,335	4,535	10	15	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,060	2,030	1,025	10	10	0
51 Information and cultural industries	725	385	345	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	1,590	645	945	10	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	940	525	410	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,055	1,580	1,475	0	10	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30	15	15	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,250	1,895	1,360	0	0	0
61 Educational services	4,060	1,240	2,820	0	10	0
62 Health care and social assistance	6,495	1,045	5,450	15	0	15
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	4,815	2,615	2,200	10	10	0
72 Accommodation and food services	11,130	4,800	6,330	0	0	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,725	1,305	1,415	10	10	0
91 Public administration	3,390	1,935	1,455	10	0	10
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	63,220	32,085	31,130	90	60	35
Worked at home	4,070	2,025	2,045	0	0	0
Worked outside Canada	830	435	395	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	6,915	5,100	1,820	15	10	0
Worked at usual place	51,395	24,525	26,875	80	50	35
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	51,400	24,525	26,875	80	45	35
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	30,065	13,415	16,650	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	17,660	8,685	8,970	40	35	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,555	2,365	1,185	35	15	25
Commute to a different province or territory	120	60	60	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	58,315	29,625	28,695	90	60	30
Car, truck, van - as a driver	48,745	25,125	23,620	90	55	30
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	4,445	2,010	2,435	10	0	0
Public transit	1,255	470	785	0	0	0
Walked	2,675	1,250	1,425	0	0	0
Bicycle	545	405	140	0	0	0
Other method	655	365	285	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	58,315	29,625	28,690	95	60	35
Less than 15 minutes	24,100	11,120	12,980	0	0	10
15 to 29 minutes	22,385	11,250	11,135	50	25	25
30 to 44 minutes	6,750	3,780	2,970	15	10	10
45 to 59 minutes	2,035	1,280	760	15	15	0
60 minutes and over	3,045	2,200	850	10	10	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	58,320	29,625	28,695	90	60	30
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,865	2,750	1,115	15	10	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,120	5,740	3,380	15	15	0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,605	6,740	5,865	15	10	0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	12,710	4,870	7,840	20	0	20
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	7,595	3,090	4,510	15	10	0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	12,410	6,435	5,980	20	15	10
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	73,585	37,350	36,240	105	65	40
Single responses	73,055	37,115	35,935	100	65	35
Official languages	72,640	36,880	35,755	100	65	35
English	72,320	36,800	35,520	100	65	40
French	315	80	230	0	0	0
Non-official languages	415	230	180	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	415	230	180	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	10	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	25	10	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	180	110	65	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	25	15	15	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	10	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	60	50	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	60	50	10	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	15	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	10	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	80	40	35	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	50	20	30	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	20	10	20	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	25	20	10	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	130	65	65	0	0	0
Chinese languages	130	65	65	0	0	0
Cantonese	25	25	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	90	40	50	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	15	10	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	540	230	300	0	0	0
English and French	195	95	100	0	0	0
English and non-official language	335	140	190	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	73,590	37,350	36,240	100	60	35
None	71,055	36,230	34,825	100	65	35
English	405	165	240	0	0	0
French	905	385	525	0	0	0
Non-official language	1,145	545	595	0	0	0
Aboriginal	0	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,135	545	590	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	80	25	60	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	132,000	64,170	67,830	470	205	265
Non-movers	115,165	55,915	59,250	415	185	230
Movers	16,830	8,260	8,575	55	25	30
Non-migrants	8,660	4,185	4,480	25	10	10
Migrants	8,170	4,075	4,095	35	20	20
Internal migrants	7,435	3,680	3,755	30	15	20
Intraprovincial migrants	6,830	3,375	3,455	35	15	20
Interprovincial migrants	610	305	300	0	0	0
External migrants	735	395	340	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	127,105	61,745	65,365	470	205	265
Non-movers	82,110	40,075	42,035	310	130	180
Movers	45,000	21,670	23,330	165	75	85
Non-migrants	22,880	10,860	12,020	90	35	55
Migrants	22,120	10,810	11,310	70	45	30
Internal migrants	19,365	9,485	9,880	70	40	30
Intraprovincial migrants	17,845	8,710	9,135	70	40	30
Interprovincial migrants	1,520	780	745	0	0	0
External migrants	2,760	1,325	1,430	0	0	0

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 40 referrer

Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 41 referrer

Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 44 referrer

Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 45 referrer

Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Return to footnote 46 referrer

Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Return to footnote 47 referrer

Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 48 referrer

Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Return to footnote 49 referrer

Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 50 referrer

Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 51 referrer

Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Return to footnote 52 referrer

Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 53 referrer

Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 54 referrer

Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Return to footnote 55 referrer

Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Return to footnote 56 referrer

Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Return to footnote 57 referrer

Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Return to footnote 58 referrer

Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Return to footnote 59 referrer

Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Return to footnote 60 referrer

Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Return to footnote 61 referrer

Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Return to footnote 62 referrer

Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Return to footnote 63 referrer

Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Return to footnote 64 referrer

Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Return to footnote 65 referrer

Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Return to footnote 66 referrer

Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Return to footnote 67 referrer

Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 68 referrer

Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Return to footnote 69 referrer

Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Return to footnote 70 referrer

Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Return to footnote 71 referrer

Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 72 referrer

Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Return to footnote 73 referrer

Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Return to footnote 74 referrer

Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Return to footnote 75 referrer

Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Return to footnote 76 referrer

Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Return to footnote 77 referrer

Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Return to footnote 78 referrer

Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 79 referrer

Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Return to footnote 80 referrer

Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Return to footnote 81 referrer

Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 82 referrer

Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Return to footnote 83 referrer

Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Return to footnote 84 referrer

Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 85 referrer

Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Return to footnote 86 referrer

Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 87 referrer

Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 88 referrer

Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 89 referrer

Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 90 referrer

Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 91 referrer

Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 92 referrer

Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 93 referrer

Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Return to footnote 94 referrer

Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 95 referrer

Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Return to footnote 96 referrer

Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Return to footnote 97 referrer

Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Return to footnote 98 referrer

Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Return to footnote 99 referrer

Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Return to footnote 100 referrer

Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Return to footnote 101 referrer

Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Return to footnote 102 referrer

Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 103 referrer

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Return to footnote 104 referrer

Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Return to footnote 105 referrer

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Return to footnote 106 referrer

Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Return to footnote 107 referrer

Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 108 referrer

Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Return to footnote 109 referrer

Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 110 referrer

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Return to footnote 111 referrer

Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 112 referrer

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Return to footnote 113 referrer

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 114 referrer

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Return to footnote 115 referrer

Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Return to footnote 116 referrer

Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Return to footnote 117 referrer

Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Return to footnote 118 referrer

Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 119 referrer

Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Return to footnote 120 referrer

Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 121 referrer

Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Return to footnote 122 referrer

Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 123 referrer

Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Return to footnote 124 referrer

Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Return to footnote 125 referrer

Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Return to footnote 126 referrer

Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Return to footnote 127 referrer

Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 128 referrer

Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Return to footnote 129 referrer

Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

Return to footnote 130 referrer

Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

Return to footnote 131 referrer

Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

Return to footnote 132 referrer

Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

Return to footnote 133 referrer

Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

Return to footnote 134 referrer

Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

Return to footnote 135 referrer

Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

Return to footnote 136 referrer

Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 137 referrer

Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

Return to footnote 138 referrer

Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

Return to footnote 139 referrer

Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

Return to footnote 140 referrer

Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

Return to footnote 141 referrer

Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

Return to footnote 142 referrer

Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

Return to footnote 143 referrer

Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

Return to footnote 144 referrer

Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

Return to footnote 145 referrer

Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Return to footnote 146 referrer

Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Return to footnote 147 referrer

Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Return to footnote 148 referrer

Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Return to footnote 149 referrer

Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Return to footnote 150 referrer

Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Return to footnote 151 referrer

Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Return to footnote 152 referrer

Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Return to footnote 153 referrer

Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Return to footnote 154 referrer

Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Return to footnote 155 referrer

Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Return to footnote 156 referrer

Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Return to footnote 157 referrer

Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Return to footnote 158 referrer

Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Return to footnote 159 referrer

Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Return to footnote 160 referrer

Footnote 161

Return to footnote 161 referrer

Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Return to footnote 162 referrer

Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Return to footnote 163 referrer

Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Return to footnote 164 referrer

Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Return to footnote 165 referrer

Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Return to footnote 166 referrer

Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Return to footnote 167 referrer

Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

Return to footnote 168 referrer

Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

Return to footnote 169 referrer

Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

Return to footnote 170 referrer

Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Return to footnote 171 referrer

Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Return to footnote 172 referrer

Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

Return to footnote 173 referrer

Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Return to footnote 174 referrer

Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Return to footnote 175 referrer

Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Return to footnote 176 referrer

Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Return to footnote 177 referrer

Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

Return to footnote 178 referrer

Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 179 referrer

Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 180 referrer

Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Niagara Falls [Federal electoral district], Ontario and Matsqui 4, IRI [Census subdivision], British Columbia (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 19, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Niagara Falls [Federal electoral district], Ontario and Matsqui 4, Indian reserve [Census subdivision], British Columbia

Census Profile, 2016 Census Niagara Falls [Federal electoral district], Ontario and Matsqui 4, Indian reserve [Census subdivision], British Columbia

Source

How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Niagara Falls [Federal electoral district], Ontario and Matsqui 4, Indian reserve [Census subdivision], British Columbia