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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Fraser South Health Service Delivery Area [Health region, December 2017], British Columbia and Greater Vancouver, Regional district [Census division], British Columbia

Charts (using rates) Download Hierarchies

The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Fraser South Health Service Delivery Area British Columbia [Health region, December 2017]			Greater Vancouver, RD British Columbia [Census division]
	Data quality , Fraser South Health Service Delivery Area [Health region, December 2017], British Columbia Map : Fraser South Health Service Delivery Area [Health region, December 2017], British Columbia Change geography 1			Data quality : Greater Vancouver, Regional district [Census division], British Columbia Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	784,977	...	...	2,463,431	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	718,247	...	...	2,313,328	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	9.3	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	286,427	...	...	1,027,613	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	270,325	...	...	960,894	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	937.8	...	...	854.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	837.01	...	...	2,882.68	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	784,980	385,990	398,985	2,463,430	1,202,175	1,261,255
0 to 14 years	136,350	70,215	66,130	362,110	186,780	175,330
0 to 4 years	42,225	21,760	20,460	116,270	60,045	56,220
5 to 9 years	47,005	24,315	22,695	122,730	63,390	59,345
10 to 14 years	47,115	24,145	22,970	123,110	63,340	59,765
15 to 64 years	525,495	259,065	266,435	1,714,005	838,860	875,145
15 to 19 years	51,035	26,450	24,585	142,280	73,180	69,100
20 to 24 years	50,690	26,490	24,205	167,270	85,385	81,890
25 to 29 years	47,300	23,450	23,855	179,940	89,305	90,635
30 to 34 years	51,730	25,140	26,595	182,630	89,925	92,705
35 to 39 years	51,860	24,835	27,030	167,950	81,090	86,860
40 to 44 years	53,825	25,665	28,165	168,370	79,445	88,930
45 to 49 years	56,260	27,240	29,020	184,285	87,850	96,440
50 to 54 years	58,885	29,150	29,740	191,375	93,230	98,140
55 to 59 years	55,400	27,190	28,205	177,095	85,595	91,505
60 to 64 years	48,505	23,460	25,050	152,805	73,865	78,940
65 years and over	123,130	56,705	66,425	387,315	176,530	210,780
65 to 69 years	42,285	20,265	22,020	131,035	62,615	68,420
70 to 74 years	30,290	14,475	15,815	89,675	42,495	47,180
75 to 79 years	20,990	9,885	11,100	66,510	30,605	35,905
80 to 84 years	14,325	6,475	7,850	48,820	21,960	26,860
85 years and over	15,245	5,610	9,635	51,280	18,860	32,420
85 to 89 years	9,335	3,815	5,525	31,475	12,740	18,735
90 to 94 years	4,410	1,425	2,990	14,875	4,905	9,965
95 to 99 years	1,285	315	970	4,195	1,055	3,140
100 years and over	215	60	155	740	155	580
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.4	18.2	16.6	14.7	15.5	13.9
15 to 64 years	66.9	67.1	66.8	69.6	69.8	69.4
65 years and over	15.7	14.7	16.6	15.7	14.7	16.7
85 years and over	1.9	1.5	2.4	2.1	1.6	2.6
Average age of the population	40.1	39.2	41.0	41.0	40.1	41.9
Median age of the population	40.3	39.3	41.2	40.9	39.7	42.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	270,325	...	...	960,895	...	...
Single-detached house	108,455	...	...	282,355	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	8,890	...	...	160,060	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	149,445	...	...	513,900	...	...
Semi-detached house	5,815	...	...	20,530	...	...
Row house	37,080	...	...	93,415	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	52,605	...	...	156,445	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	53,675	...	...	242,205	...	...
Other single-attached house	280	...	...	1,305	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	3,535	...	...	4,580	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	270,325	...	...	960,895	...	...
1 person	59,235	...	...	275,455	...	...
2 persons	80,555	...	...	300,170	...	...
3 persons	43,770	...	...	153,090	...	...
4 persons	46,565	...	...	139,175	...	...
5 or more persons	40,200	...	...	93,005	...	...
Number of persons in private households	774,310	...	...	2,426,235	...	...
Average household size	2.9	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	648,630	315,775	332,855	2,101,315	1,015,395	1,085,925
Married or living common law	391,565	195,350	196,210	1,193,125	594,180	598,940
Married	351,510	175,350	176,160	1,033,885	513,725	520,160
Living common law	40,050	20,000	20,050	159,240	80,455	78,780
Not married and not living common law	257,065	120,420	136,645	908,195	421,215	486,980
Never married	170,810	92,880	77,935	629,040	334,130	294,905
Separated	15,860	6,525	9,330	50,130	20,265	29,860
Divorced	36,465	14,010	22,460	128,045	47,280	80,765
Widowed	33,930	7,010	26,920	100,985	19,540	81,445
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	221,335	...	...	679,365	...	...
2 persons	98,750	...	...	327,260	...	...
3 persons	49,035	...	...	158,785	...	...
4 persons	52,595	...	...	145,805	...	...
5 or more persons	20,955	...	...	47,510	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	221,340	...	...	679,365	...	...
Total couple families	189,205	...	...	574,670	...	...
Married couples	169,190	...	...	495,065	...	...
Common-law couples	20,025	...	...	79,610	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	32,125	...	...	104,695	...	...
Female parent	25,575	...	...	84,740	...	...
Male parent	6,550	...	...	19,955	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	189,205	...	...	574,670	...	...
Couples without children	79,445	...	...	260,290	...	...
Couples with children	109,765	...	...	314,380	...	...
1 child	39,555	...	...	129,480	...	...
2 children	50,015	...	...	139,080	...	...
3 or more children	20,195	...	...	45,815	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	32,125	...	...	104,695	...	...
1 child	19,300	...	...	66,975	...	...
2 children	9,480	...	...	29,305	...	...
3 or more children	3,340	...	...	8,420	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	108,360	50,360	58,010	462,125	214,705	247,420
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	270,325	...	...	960,895	...	...
One-census-family households	184,790	...	...	600,775	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	63,900	...	...	226,490	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	120,890	...	...	374,290	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	17,275	...	...	37,595	...	...
Non-census-family households	68,265	...	...	322,525	...	...
One-person households	59,240	...	...	275,455	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	9,025	...	...	47,065	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	777,875	382,840	395,030	2,440,145	1,191,670	1,248,470
English only	698,945	349,280	349,665	2,130,565	1,058,310	1,072,260
French only	310	160	145	1,110	530	580
English and French	39,300	17,270	22,030	172,140	76,650	95,500
Neither English nor French	39,325	16,130	23,195	136,320	56,185	80,135
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	777,870	382,845	395,030	2,440,145	1,191,670	1,248,470
English	729,615	362,440	367,175	2,265,310	1,116,840	1,148,470
French	5,925	2,870	3,055	25,710	12,825	12,875
English and French	3,490	1,630	1,860	14,470	6,635	7,835
Neither English nor French	38,840	15,900	22,945	134,655	55,370	79,285
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	7,665	3,685	3,980	32,940	16,145	16,795
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.3	1.4	1.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	777,870	382,840	395,030	2,440,145	1,191,675	1,248,470
Single responses	751,035	369,570	381,465	2,361,890	1,153,910	1,207,980
Official languages	451,805	225,465	226,340	1,341,640	678,670	662,970
English	445,885	222,625	223,265	1,316,640	666,170	650,470
French	5,920	2,845	3,080	25,005	12,505	12,500
Non-official languages	299,225	144,100	155,125	1,020,250	475,240	545,015
Aboriginal languages	145	55	95	860	390	470
Algonquian languages	65	15	45	315	135	180
Blackfoot	0	0	5	25	0	20
Cree-Montagnais languages	45	10	25	220	105	115
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	5	0	10	40	15	25
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	15	10	5
Woods Cree	5	5	5	20	15	10
Cree, n.o.s.	25	10	15	145	70	80
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	5
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	5	15	70	25	40
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	15	5	10	65	25	35
Oji-Cree	5	0	0	5	0	5
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	5	5	105	50	55
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	5	5	105	45	55
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	5	5	5	40	15	20
Chilcotin	0	0	5	25	15	10
Dene	0	0	0	20	5	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	5	5
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Sekani	0	0	0	0	5	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	5	0	0	5
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	5	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	5	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	5	5	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	5	0	5	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Haida	0	0	0	10	10	5
Inuit languages	10	5	10	20	5	15
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	0	5	5	0	0
Inuktitut	10	5	5	15	5	10
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	5	0	0	5	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	5	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	5	5	0
Michif	5	0	0	10	0	5
Salish languages	25	10	15	140	65	70
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	35	25	15
Lillooet	0	0	5	10	5	5
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	10	5	0
Squamish	0	0	0	20	5	10
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	5	0	5	20	10	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	40	20	25
Siouan languages	0	0	0	25	10	10
Dakota	0	0	0	20	5	15
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tlingit	5	0	0	5	0	5
Tsimshian languages	15	5	5	95	45	55
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	10	0	5	45	20	25
Nisga'a	5	5	5	25	15	15
Tsimshian	0	0	0	25	10	15
Wakashan languages	10	5	5	55	25	35
Haisla	0	5	0	10	5	5
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	15	5	10
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	5	0	5	20	10	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	5	10	5	5
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	0	5	75	35	35
Non-Aboriginal languages	299,080	144,050	155,035	1,019,395	474,850	544,545
Afro-Asiatic languages	8,050	4,140	3,910	20,725	11,005	9,715
Berber languages	15	5	5	95	55	35
Kabyle	5	5	5	35	20	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	60	40	25
Cushitic languages	805	380	420	1,355	675	680
Bilen	0	0	0	5	0	0
Oromo	30	15	15	165	95	75
Somali	775	365	405	1,170	570	595
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Semitic languages	7,215	3,745	3,475	19,225	10,245	8,980
Amharic	330	160	170	1,140	560	585
Arabic	5,630	2,925	2,705	14,320	7,720	6,600
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	450	220	225	630	305	325
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	405	220	180	440	240	195
Harari	0	0	5	25	10	15
Hebrew	110	65	40	1,770	960	805
Maltese	25	10	15	80	40	40
Tigrigna	175	85	85	695	340	355
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	95	50	45	135	70	60
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	45	25	15
Austro-Asiatic languages	8,265	3,870	4,390	24,195	11,070	13,125
Khmer (Cambodian)	710	325	385	1,210	555	655
Vietnamese	7,555	3,550	4,005	22,950	10,500	12,450
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	35	15	20
Austronesian languages	24,335	10,460	13,875	82,025	33,570	48,460
Bikol	70	35	35	310	140	170
Cebuano	1,025	405	615	3,210	1,285	1,925
Fijian	250	125	120	395	190	200
Hiligaynon	320	135	180	1,280	485	795
Ilocano	1,180	480	695	4,605	1,820	2,790
Malagasy	5	0	0	15	0	10
Malay	565	250	315	3,480	1,545	1,930
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	135	60	75	635	290	345
Pangasinan	95	35	55	265	115	150
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20,440	8,815	11,620	66,825	27,275	39,555
Waray-Waray	40	20	20	180	70	110
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	215	90	130	830	360	470
Creole languages	300	155	145	610	310	300
Haitian Creole	10	10	0	25	15	5
Creole, n.o.s.	180	90	95	370	175	185
Creole languages, n.i.e.	105	55	50	225	120	105
Dravidian languages	2,235	1,135	1,105	6,210	3,290	2,925
Kannada	75	35	40	225	115	110
Malayalam	985	490	495	1,750	905	845
Tamil	930	475	455	3,275	1,700	1,580
Telugu	230	125	105	920	550	370
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	40	15	25
Hmong-Mien languages	30	20	15	130	70	60
Indo-European languages	191,985	94,510	97,475	416,565	203,240	213,325
Albanian	445	225	220	1,090	560	530
Armenian	135	70	65	1,060	525	540
Balto-Slavic languages	11,485	5,435	6,055	57,625	26,950	30,675
Baltic languages	100	35	60	645	280	370
Latvian	60	25	35	320	145	175
Lithuanian	45	10	35	325	130	200
Slavic languages	11,385	5,395	5,990	56,975	26,675	30,305
Belarusan	5	5	5	60	30	30
Bosnian	210	105	105	1,155	580	575
Bulgarian	175	90	90	1,725	805	915
Croatian	1,085	545	535	5,465	2,645	2,820
Czech	790	370	420	3,565	1,705	1,865
Macedonian	20	10	10	250	120	135
Polish	3,445	1,680	1,760	12,040	5,650	6,390
Russian	2,840	1,310	1,535	18,175	8,270	9,905
Serbian	750	385	370	6,300	3,220	3,085
Serbo-Croatian	140	65	70	1,145	545	600
Slovak	455	195	255	2,390	1,060	1,335
Slovene (Slovenian)	170	85	85	545	250	290
Ukrainian	1,260	530	725	3,990	1,705	2,285
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	180	90	90
Celtic languages	90	45	45	315	170	145
Scottish Gaelic	40	20	20	125	65	60
Welsh	35	20	20	120	65	55
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	65	40	25
Germanic languages	13,425	6,305	7,120	37,830	18,000	19,825
Afrikaans	420	195	225	1,435	730	705
Danish	765	380	385	2,065	1,020	1,050
Dutch	3,235	1,505	1,725	7,455	3,595	3,860
Frisian	55	25	25	80	30	50
German	8,255	3,875	4,385	24,055	11,340	12,720
Icelandic	40	15	25	155	70	80
Norwegian	280	130	150	835	410	430
Swedish	290	125	165	1,290	570	720
Vlaams (Flemish)	55	35	25	200	105	95
Yiddish	15	10	5	220	115	110
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	25	20	15
Greek	1,085	575	515	4,885	2,515	2,365
Indo-Iranian languages	150,450	74,600	75,845	242,400	119,930	122,465
Indo-Aryan languages	146,255	72,425	73,830	198,075	97,680	100,395
Bengali	810	420	390	2,680	1,395	1,290
Gujarati	1,805	895	910	6,280	2,955	3,325
Hindi	15,235	7,275	7,965	24,220	11,580	12,640
Kashmiri	10	5	0	40	25	15
Konkani	95	45	50	225	110	110
Marathi	115	55	65	535	280	255
Nepali	440	230	210	920	485	430
Oriya (Odia)	10	10	5	65	35	30
Punjabi (Panjabi)	120,905	60,075	60,830	151,205	74,820	76,385
Sindhi	275	140	135	1,580	725	850
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	765	380	380	1,455	730	725
Urdu	5,785	2,900	2,890	8,875	4,535	4,340
Iranian languages	4,040	2,095	1,945	43,985	22,075	21,910
Kurdish	205	115	85	1,650	875	780
Pashto	570	310	260	1,070	570	500
Persian (Farsi)	3,270	1,670	1,600	41,265	20,635	20,630
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	155	80	75	340	180	160
Italic (Romance) languages	14,870	7,270	7,600	71,375	34,590	36,785
Catalan	15	10	5	125	65	55
Italian	2,340	1,270	1,075	15,450	7,735	7,710
Portuguese	2,155	995	1,160	11,950	5,655	6,295
Romanian	1,140	555	590	7,175	3,480	3,690
Spanish	9,205	4,435	4,770	36,625	17,615	19,005
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	60	40	25
Japanese	1,860	670	1,190	16,900	5,750	11,150
Kartvelian languages	5	0	5	65	40	25
Georgian	0	0	0	65	40	25
Korean	11,925	5,475	6,445	45,990	20,680	25,310
Mongolic languages	25	10	15	340	145	200
Mongolian	25	15	15	340	145	195
Niger-Congo languages	1,160	600	560	2,645	1,335	1,315
Akan (Twi)	220	125	95	405	220	180
Bamanankan	0	0	0	10	10	5
Edo	50	30	20	80	45	30
Ewe	35	20	15	60	30	25
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	0	20	10	5
Ga	15	5	10	35	15	15
Ganda	15	10	0	65	35	30
Igbo	70	40	35	160	90	65
Lingala	20	10	10	55	25	30
Rundi (Kirundi)	55	25	30	100	40	55
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	45	20	30	105	45	55
Shona	45	20	30	150	70	85
Swahili	235	120	110	585	285	295
Wolof	5	5	5	30	10	20
Yoruba	95	55	40	190	110	80
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	255	115	135	610	280	325
Nilo-Saharan languages	115	50	60	265	135	135
Dinka	10	5	0	80	50	30
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	105	45	60	190	85	100
Sign languages	255	145	110	620	330	295
American Sign Language	105	55	50	265	125	135
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	150	90	60	360	200	155
Sino-Tibetan languages	44,935	21,110	23,825	387,640	177,135	210,505
Chinese languages	43,665	20,475	23,185	385,355	175,990	209,365
Cantonese	9,825	4,615	5,210	184,365	85,070	99,300
Hakka	300	135	160	2,180	950	1,230
Mandarin	30,030	14,055	15,975	174,920	79,280	95,635
Min Dong	40	25	25	220	105	115
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,895	895	1,000	10,655	4,755	5,900
Wu (Shanghainese)	445	215	230	4,330	1,905	2,425
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,090	520	570	8,485	3,840	4,645
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	195	80	110
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,275	640	635	2,285	1,150	1,140
Burmese	375	200	175	1,035	530	510
Karenic languages	760	365	390	770	370	400
Tibetan	75	35	40	260	135	125
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	65	30	35	220	115	105
Tai-Kadai languages	950	395	560	2,750	980	1,770
Lao	575	300	275	800	405	400
Thai	360	90	275	1,930	570	1,365
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	20	10	10
Turkic languages	505	275	235	3,700	2,035	1,665
Azerbaijani	20	15	10	495	275	225
Turkish	365	200	165	2,770	1,560	1,215
Uyghur	60	30	30	165	80	85
Uzbek	15	15	10	95	45	50
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	40	15	20	165	70	95
Uralic languages	2,010	955	1,055	7,640	3,535	4,105
Estonian	115	50	65	455	195	260
Finnish	465	210	255	1,900	770	1,130
Hungarian	1,430	695	730	5,285	2,570	2,715
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	130	75	60	365	200	170
Multiple responses	26,840	13,275	13,565	78,255	37,760	40,490
English and French	1,255	620	635	5,200	2,535	2,660
English and non-official language	24,800	12,285	12,520	69,885	33,750	36,135
French and non-official language	365	180	185	1,545	750	795
English, French and non-official language	410	185	225	1,620	725	900
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	777,870	382,845	395,030	2,440,145	1,191,670	1,248,470
Single responses	712,545	350,825	361,725	2,252,465	1,102,220	1,150,240
Official languages	528,100	261,375	266,725	1,631,365	811,500	819,870
English	526,430	260,545	265,885	1,622,735	807,235	815,500
French	1,670	835	840	8,630	4,265	4,365
Non-official languages	184,445	89,445	95,000	621,100	290,725	330,375
Aboriginal languages	15	10	10	105	45	55
Algonquian languages	10	0	5	25	10	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	5	0	5	15	5	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	15	0	10
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	10	5	5
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	5	0	5	10	5	5
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	5	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	5	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	5	0	5
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	10	5	5
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	5	0	0	5	5	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	5	0
Salish languages	5	0	5	10	5	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	5	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	5	5	5	10	5	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Dakota	0	0	0	10	10	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	15	5	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Nisga'a	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	5
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	5	5	15	5	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	184,430	89,435	94,990	620,995	290,680	330,320
Afro-Asiatic languages	5,220	2,600	2,620	11,900	5,965	5,935
Berber languages	5	5	0	40	20	20
Kabyle	0	0	5	15	5	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	5
Cushitic languages	465	205	260	695	315	380
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	15	10	5	80	40	35
Somali	445	195	255	610	270	340
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	5	5
Semitic languages	4,750	2,395	2,355	11,155	5,630	5,530
Amharic	145	60	80	535	250	290
Arabic	3,840	1,935	1,905	8,680	4,405	4,275
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	305	155	150	400	200	200
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	290	160	130	305	160	145
Harari	0	0	0	10	5	5
Hebrew	20	10	10	785	400	385
Maltese	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tigrigna	85	40	45	355	165	190
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	65	30	35	90	40	45
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	5,345	2,515	2,830	15,000	6,955	8,045
Khmer (Cambodian)	420	205	220	620	290	330
Vietnamese	4,930	2,320	2,610	14,365	6,655	7,710
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	10	10
Austronesian languages	10,535	4,835	5,695	35,335	15,585	19,750
Bikol	15	5	5	70	30	35
Cebuano	365	165	200	1,085	485	600
Fijian	65	35	30	95	50	50
Hiligaynon	80	35	45	355	150	205
Ilocano	390	175	215	1,465	625	840
Malagasy	0	0	0	5	5	0
Malay	140	60	75	1,050	485	565
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	10	20	135	65	75
Pangasinan	15	10	10	55	25	30
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	9,370	4,305	5,065	30,695	13,505	17,190
Waray-Waray	15	5	5	55	25	35
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	50	20	30	260	130	130
Creole languages	165	75	90	290	125	160
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	5	5	5
Creole, n.o.s.	120	55	65	205	85	115
Creole languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	80	35	40
Dravidian languages	1,175	580	600	3,355	1,695	1,650
Kannada	30	15	15	95	45	50
Malayalam	545	265	275	885	450	435
Tamil	470	225	240	1,935	965	965
Telugu	125	65	60	425	230	190
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	15	5	5
Hmong-Mien languages	10	5	5	55	20	30
Indo-European languages	116,365	57,380	58,985	220,600	107,100	113,505
Albanian	255	120	135	530	255	270
Armenian	50	25	25	505	225	280
Balto-Slavic languages	4,530	2,190	2,340	25,650	12,295	13,350
Baltic languages	15	5	10	160	75	90
Latvian	10	0	5	65	30	35
Lithuanian	0	5	0	90	45	50
Slavic languages	4,515	2,185	2,330	25,490	12,225	13,265
Belarusan	0	5	0	10	5	5
Bosnian	90	45	45	540	270	270
Bulgarian	90	45	40	925	425	495
Croatian	300	140	165	1,795	840	955
Czech	215	105	110	1,030	520	510
Macedonian	5	5	5	120	60	60
Polish	1,335	655	680	4,490	2,130	2,355
Russian	1,615	775	840	10,795	5,125	5,670
Serbian	370	195	175	3,470	1,760	1,715
Serbo-Croatian	35	15	20	435	205	235
Slovak	125	60	65	775	375	405
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	60	25	35
Ukrainian	300	135	165	1,010	470	540
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	25	10	15
Celtic languages	5	0	0	30	20	15
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	15	5	5
Welsh	0	0	0	20	10	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	5	0	0
Germanic languages	1,295	605	690	4,665	2,200	2,460
Afrikaans	175	75	95	520	250	265
Danish	40	20	25	180	90	90
Dutch	235	105	135	685	325	365
Frisian	0	0	0	5	5	0
German	775	370	405	2,895	1,345	1,550
Icelandic	10	5	5	50	25	30
Norwegian	15	10	10	75	35	35
Swedish	30	15	15	220	110	115
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	20	15	5
Yiddish	0	0	5	15	10	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	5	5	0
Greek	350	175	175	1,730	840	895
Indo-Iranian languages	103,535	51,125	52,410	156,835	76,640	80,195
Indo-Aryan languages	101,025	49,855	51,160	127,630	62,480	65,150
Bengali	480	240	240	1,575	775	800
Gujarati	830	380	445	2,740	1,210	1,530
Hindi	7,800	3,710	4,090	11,235	5,310	5,920
Kashmiri	0	0	0	5	0	0
Konkani	15	10	10	40	15	15
Marathi	50	25	25	245	125	120
Nepali	250	130	125	550	290	265
Oriya (Odia)	5	5	5	30	20	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	87,475	43,340	44,135	104,855	51,630	53,225
Sindhi	110	50	60	590	255	335
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	330	160	165	595	290	305
Urdu	3,675	1,810	1,865	5,165	2,560	2,610
Iranian languages	2,405	1,215	1,190	29,035	14,075	14,960
Kurdish	120	75	50	1,025	515	505
Pashto	345	175	170	660	330	330
Persian (Farsi)	1,935	965	970	27,350	13,230	14,125
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	110	55	55	175	90	90
Italic (Romance) languages	6,350	3,140	3,210	30,665	14,630	16,035
Catalan	5	0	0	60	30	35
Italian	380	175	205	3,950	1,715	2,230
Portuguese	680	320	365	5,115	2,430	2,685
Romanian	470	230	245	3,215	1,545	1,675
Spanish	4,810	2,410	2,395	18,310	8,905	9,410
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	10	5	10
Japanese	755	305	450	8,235	3,375	4,855
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Georgian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Korean	9,430	4,345	5,090	34,225	15,725	18,500
Mongolic languages	5	0	5	160	80	85
Mongolian	10	5	5	160	75	85
Niger-Congo languages	365	165	200	725	325	405
Akan (Twi)	80	45	35	125	70	55
Bamanankan	0	0	0	5	5	5
Edo	15	5	5	15	5	5
Ewe	10	5	5	20	10	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ganda	5	0	5	5	5	5
Igbo	15	5	10	35	20	15
Lingala	10	5	5	35	10	20
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	5	20	55	15	35
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	30	15	20	45	15	30
Shona	10	5	5	40	15	20
Swahili	90	35	55	155	60	90
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	25	10	10	40	20	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	60	25	25	150	65	85
Nilo-Saharan languages	50	15	30	105	50	55
Dinka	0	0	0	45	25	20
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	45	15	30	60	20	40
Sign languages	325	170	150	830	460	370
American Sign Language	115	60	60	295	150	150
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	5	0	5
Sign languages, n.i.e	205	115	90	530	305	220
Sino-Tibetan languages	33,510	15,870	17,630	285,515	130,990	154,525
Chinese languages	32,460	15,350	17,115	283,885	130,170	153,715
Cantonese	6,250	2,945	3,310	132,185	60,235	71,950
Hakka	90	40	55	670	280	390
Mandarin	24,215	11,465	12,750	138,680	64,060	74,625
Min Dong	10	5	5	65	30	35
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	910	430	480	4,645	2,105	2,540
Wu (Shanghainese)	265	125	140	2,500	1,145	1,350
Chinese, n.o.s.	690	335	360	5,045	2,270	2,775
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	35	20	10	100	50	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,040	520	520	1,630	820	810
Burmese	305	170	140	685	350	335
Karenic languages	680	330	345	685	335	350
Tibetan	35	15	20	165	90	75
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	90	45	40
Tai-Kadai languages	415	195	220	1,015	435	580
Lao	290	140	145	335	160	175
Thai	125	45	75	675	275	400
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	5	5	5
Turkic languages	225	120	105	1,550	810	740
Azerbaijani	5	0	5	185	95	90
Turkish	175	90	80	1,190	625	565
Uyghur	30	15	20	100	50	50
Uzbek	10	10	0	40	25	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	40	15	25
Uralic languages	475	220	250	1,980	930	1,045
Estonian	20	10	15	75	30	45
Finnish	90	45	50	435	190	240
Hungarian	355	170	185	1,470	710	760
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	50	25	30	110	50	60
Multiple responses	65,325	32,025	33,310	187,680	89,450	98,230
English and French	790	360	430	3,475	1,700	1,775
English and non-official language	63,710	31,295	32,420	181,305	86,450	94,850
French and non-official language	140	55	85	500	225	275
English, French and non-official language	680	315	365	2,400	1,075	1,325
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	777,875	382,845	395,030	2,440,145	1,191,675	1,248,470
None	628,610	310,240	318,375	1,919,305	944,770	974,530
English	69,595	34,730	34,860	232,050	112,195	119,850
French	4,495	1,990	2,505	19,620	8,930	10,690
Non-official language	73,070	34,850	38,215	260,735	121,820	138,910
Aboriginal	135	60	75	800	375	425
Non-Aboriginal	72,935	34,795	38,145	259,935	121,450	138,485
English and French	250	125	125	965	435	530
English and non-official language	1,305	645	655	4,895	2,285	2,605
French and non-official language	540	255	285	2,495	1,190	1,305
English, French and non-official language	15	10	10	80	40	45
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	638,075	311,250	326,825	2,064,585	998,870	1,065,720
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	607,800	296,785	311,005	1,978,485	957,500	1,020,990
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,217	39,897	26,374	32,612	38,879	27,793
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	608,575	297,470	311,105	1,981,210	959,985	1,021,225
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,110	34,879	24,775	29,422	34,038	25,878
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	542,725	271,970	270,755	1,781,275	875,745	905,525
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,653	39,942	24,776	32,645	39,631	26,888
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	426,845	180,180	246,665	1,370,155	582,530	787,620
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	3,830	2,039	4,660	2,459	1,246	3,359
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	462,150	238,340	223,810	1,487,050	752,840	734,210
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,322	39,967	25,945	33,621	40,050	28,268
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	638,130	311,280	326,850	2,064,615	998,830	1,065,780
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	608,085	296,790	311,295	1,978,880	957,440	1,021,440
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,136	51,867	34,812	46,821	55,848	38,360
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	608,825	297,425	311,395	1,981,625	959,975	1,021,650
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,174	42,306	30,317	38,512	44,592	32,798
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	543,280	271,895	271,385	1,780,850	875,325	905,525
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,906	52,220	33,574	47,281	57,128	37,762
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	426,730	180,215	246,515	1,370,125	581,865	788,260
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,844	6,633	6,998	6,169	5,955	6,327
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	462,160	237,985	224,175	1,487,050	752,855	734,200
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,184	50,680	33,166	46,081	55,081	36,854
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	638,130	311,285	326,850	2,064,615	998,830	1,065,785
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	196,365	114,860	81,510	637,395	361,430	275,965
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	52,934	59,654	45,994	54,955	60,834	49,056
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	62,329	69,803	51,798	67,916	76,209	57,055
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	88.9	92.3	84.1	90.9	93.5	87.3
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	74.2	78.2	68.4	74.0	77.5	69.1
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	11.1	7.7	15.9	9.1	6.5	12.7
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	638,075	311,250	326,825	2,064,585	998,865	1,065,715
Without total income	30,275	14,460	15,815	86,100	41,365	44,730
With total income	607,795	296,790	311,010	1,978,485	957,500	1,020,990
Percentage with total income	95.3	95.4	95.2	95.8	95.9	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	98,245	40,260	57,980	337,915	144,295	193,620
$10,000 to $19,999	109,015	43,310	65,705	345,805	143,880	201,920
$20,000 to $29,999	80,595	33,500	47,095	248,300	105,920	142,380
$30,000 to $39,999	69,765	31,645	38,120	211,515	94,955	116,565
$40,000 to $49,999	60,490	29,155	31,340	188,015	87,605	100,415
$50,000 to $59,999	47,830	25,240	22,590	149,455	74,735	74,720
$60,000 to $69,999	36,380	21,620	14,755	116,775	64,280	52,500
$70,000 to $79,999	26,940	16,880	10,060	89,555	51,260	38,295
$80,000 to $89,999	21,030	13,355	7,670	70,690	41,215	29,475
$90,000 to $99,999	14,610	9,645	4,970	50,825	30,925	19,900
$100,000 and over	42,900	32,170	10,730	169,635	118,430	51,210
$100,000 to $149,999	29,660	21,685	7,970	109,000	73,655	35,350
$150,000 and over	13,245	10,485	2,755	60,640	44,780	15,860
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	638,075	311,250	326,825	2,064,585	998,865	1,065,720
Without after-tax income	29,500	13,785	15,715	83,375	38,885	44,495
With after-tax income	608,570	297,465	311,110	1,981,210	959,985	1,021,225
Percentage with after-tax income	95.4	95.6	95.2	96.0	96.1	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	101,875	42,400	59,475	350,380	152,065	198,315
$10,000 to $19,999	114,345	46,285	68,060	361,855	152,890	208,965
$20,000 to $29,999	95,710	40,995	54,715	293,480	127,930	165,550
$30,000 to $39,999	81,885	38,230	43,655	250,620	114,225	136,395
$40,000 to $49,999	67,015	34,040	32,970	209,335	101,565	107,765
$50,000 to $59,999	47,830	27,885	19,940	153,280	83,240	70,045
$60,000 to $69,999	32,795	20,645	12,150	109,410	62,820	46,595
$70,000 to $79,999	22,900	14,430	8,475	79,210	46,380	32,825
$80,000 and over	44,225	32,565	11,660	173,650	118,875	54,770
$80,000 to $89,999	14,270	9,775	4,500	50,810	32,310	18,500
$90,000 to $99,999	8,800	6,470	2,330	32,520	21,870	10,645
$100,000 and over	21,150	16,320	4,830	90,320	64,700	25,625
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	638,075	311,250	326,825	2,064,585	998,870	1,065,715
Without employment income	175,925	72,915	103,010	577,530	246,030	331,505
With employment income	462,150	238,335	223,815	1,487,050	752,835	734,210
Percentage with employment income	72.4	76.6	68.5	72.0	75.4	68.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	66,020	29,750	36,275	209,270	93,700	115,565
$5,000 to $9,999	36,005	14,925	21,080	112,350	48,000	64,355
$10,000 to $19,999	63,695	27,415	36,285	199,780	88,465	111,315
$20,000 to $29,999	53,220	23,810	29,410	164,960	74,780	90,180
$30,000 to $39,999	50,010	23,350	26,665	153,815	70,955	82,860
$40,000 to $49,999	44,980	22,010	22,970	141,800	66,710	75,095
$50,000 to $59,999	36,215	19,915	16,295	113,915	59,035	54,880
$60,000 to $69,999	28,200	17,635	10,570	90,840	52,060	38,780
$70,000 to $79,999	21,540	13,935	7,600	71,740	42,295	29,440
$80,000 and over	62,255	45,595	16,660	228,585	156,840	71,740
$80,000 to $89,999	17,240	11,205	6,040	57,565	34,490	23,075
$90,000 to $99,999	11,845	8,165	3,675	40,995	26,105	14,890
$100,000 and over	33,175	26,225	6,950	130,030	96,250	33,775
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	270,325	...	...	960,895	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	79,638	...	...	72,662	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	69,572	...	...	63,365	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	59,235	...	...	275,455	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	38,177	...	...	38,164	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	33,798	...	...	33,804	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	211,090	...	...	685,440	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	94,831	...	...	92,067	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	82,592	...	...	80,158	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	270,330	...	...	960,895	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	97,031	...	...	96,423	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	81,469	...	...	79,421	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	59,220	...	...	275,485	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	46,667	...	...	49,950	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	39,163	...	...	41,250	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	211,105	...	...	685,410	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	111,159	...	...	115,102	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	93,336	...	...	94,764	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	270,325	...	...	960,895	...	...
Under $5,000	4,480	...	...	28,325	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,855	...	...	15,385	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5,930	...	...	28,770	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	8,245	...	...	38,305	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	9,215	...	...	36,160	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	8,780	...	...	35,655	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	9,430	...	...	36,315	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	9,805	...	...	36,535	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10,015	...	...	36,630	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10,105	...	...	36,510	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20,040	...	...	70,005	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	19,100	...	...	65,325	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	17,755	...	...	60,005	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	16,955	...	...	55,025	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15,330	...	...	49,190	...	...
$100,000 and over	102,285	...	...	332,745	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	32,560	...	...	100,070	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	23,260	...	...	72,355	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	26,165	...	...	82,630	...	...
$200,000 and over	20,300	...	...	77,695	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	270,325	...	...	960,890	...	...
Under $5,000	4,830	...	...	30,260	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,905	...	...	15,590	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	6,020	...	...	29,290	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	8,550	...	...	39,595	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	10,450	...	...	41,050	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10,675	...	...	42,935	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	11,455	...	...	43,900	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	11,780	...	...	44,060	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	12,305	...	...	44,380	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	12,035	...	...	43,085	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	23,375	...	...	80,740	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	21,690	...	...	73,390	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	20,465	...	...	66,785	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	18,620	...	...	58,300	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	16,505	...	...	50,780	...	...
$100,000 and over	78,660	...	...	256,755	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	31,665	...	...	97,835	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	19,760	...	...	61,380	...	...
$150,000 and over	27,235	...	...	97,535	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	206,050	...	...	653,340	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	94,024	...	...	92,273	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	81,866	...	...	80,245	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.3	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	62,720	...	...	222,585	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	83,923	...	...	85,383	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	72,830	...	...	73,895	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	108,745	...	...	313,355	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,349	...	...	112,167	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	96,583	...	...	96,888	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.3	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	27,690	...	...	93,805	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	55,182	...	...	53,852	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	49,966	...	...	49,006	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	205,790	...	...	652,795	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	110,318	...	...	115,694	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	92,519	...	...	95,002	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	62,515	...	...	222,050	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	101,834	...	...	109,780	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	84,112	...	...	88,896	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	108,805	...	...	313,600	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	126,151	...	...	135,322	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	105,930	...	...	111,039	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	27,605	...	...	93,545	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	66,398	...	...	67,562	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	57,603	...	...	57,922	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	84,825	41,780	43,050	393,510	189,750	203,760
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	33,243	35,522	31,434	32,421	33,964	31,209
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,813	31,540	28,534	29,236	30,331	28,391
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	84,830	41,480	43,350	392,915	188,815	204,100
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	41,589	43,731	39,540	43,593	46,216	41,167
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	35,176	36,484	33,923	36,392	38,096	34,815
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	774,310	381,415	392,895	2,426,235	1,185,395	1,240,835
In the bottom half of the distribution	371,755	178,725	193,035	1,175,575	559,445	616,130
In the bottom decile	74,570	36,090	38,485	303,915	145,415	158,500
In the second decile	68,495	31,745	36,750	228,320	105,405	122,915
In the third decile	71,765	34,330	37,430	210,945	100,050	110,895
In the fourth decile	77,095	37,350	39,740	212,600	102,000	110,595
In the fifth decile	79,840	39,215	40,625	219,800	106,575	113,225
In the top half of the distribution	402,550	202,690	199,860	1,250,655	625,955	624,705
In the sixth decile	81,415	40,240	41,180	225,360	110,195	115,170
In the seventh decile	82,935	41,435	41,505	234,070	116,115	117,950
In the eighth decile	83,690	42,270	41,425	245,245	122,625	122,620
In the ninth decile	81,880	41,465	40,415	260,490	131,100	129,390
In the top decile	72,625	37,280	35,345	285,490	145,915	139,575
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	772,775	380,680	392,095	2,417,260	1,181,115	1,236,145
0 to 17 years	165,925	85,525	80,395	441,530	227,695	213,835
0 to 5 years	51,095	26,275	24,815	139,285	71,940	67,345
18 to 64 years	491,705	241,045	250,660	1,612,685	785,035	827,650
65 years and over	115,145	54,100	61,040	363,045	168,390	194,660
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	104,000	49,185	54,815	398,715	187,770	210,950
0 to 17 years	29,325	15,055	14,270	83,635	42,965	40,675
0 to 5 years	8,725	4,400	4,325	24,690	12,560	12,130
18 to 64 years	60,770	28,395	32,375	255,225	119,285	135,940
65 years and over	13,905	5,735	8,170	59,860	25,525	34,335
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.5	12.9	14.0	16.5	15.9	17.1
0 to 17 years (%)	17.7	17.6	17.7	18.9	18.9	19.0
0 to 5 years (%)	17.1	16.7	17.4	17.7	17.5	18.0
18 to 64 years (%)	12.4	11.8	12.9	15.8	15.2	16.4
65 years and over (%)	12.1	10.6	13.4	16.5	15.2	17.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	80,770	38,975	41,795	337,085	160,485	176,600
0 to 17 years	22,370	11,425	10,950	67,065	34,355	32,710
0 to 5 years	6,495	3,260	3,240	19,175	9,740	9,435
18 to 64 years	51,120	24,545	26,575	232,635	110,555	122,085
65 years and over	7,275	3,005	4,270	37,380	15,580	21,805
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	10.5	10.2	10.7	13.9	13.6	14.3
0 to 17 years (%)	13.5	13.4	13.6	15.2	15.1	15.3
0 to 5 years (%)	12.7	12.4	13.1	13.8	13.5	14.0
18 to 64 years (%)	10.4	10.2	10.6	14.4	14.1	14.8
65 years and over (%)	6.3	5.6	7.0	10.3	9.3	11.2
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	774,360	381,450	392,910	2,426,230	1,185,400	1,240,835
Official languages	735,230	365,495	369,730	2,290,560	1,129,240	1,161,325
English	734,975	365,335	369,635	2,289,520	1,128,740	1,160,780
French	39,090	17,230	21,865	172,260	76,600	95,660
Non-official languages	359,080	173,170	185,905	1,220,345	574,040	646,300
Aboriginal languages	345	135	210	1,605	670	935
Algonquian languages	125	40	85	485	200	290
Blackfoot	0	0	0	15	0	15
Cree-Montagnais languages	70	30	45	310	145	165
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	10	0	0	0	0	10
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	25	10	15	85	45	40
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	20	10	20
Woods Cree	0	0	0	15	0	10
Cree, n.o.s.	30	10	20	180	90	90
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	10	20	10	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	10	15	0	10
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	50	10	35	140	40	100
Algonquin	0	0	0	15	10	10
Ojibway	40	10	30	120	35	85
Oji-Cree	10	0	0	10	0	10
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	10	0	85	30	60
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	80	30	55
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	50	10	40
Chilcotin	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Haida	30	20	10	60	35	30
Inuit languages	30	10	15	60	30	35
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Inuktitut	25	10	10	40	15	25
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	10	0	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	10	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	10	10	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	30	15	15
Salish languages	100	35	65	535	215	330
Comox	0	0	0	20	0	15
Halkomelem	45	15	25	150	60	90
Lillooet	0	0	0	20	15	10
Okanagan	35	15	25	35	15	20
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	225	100	125
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	25	10	15
Salish languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	60	20	45
Siouan languages	0	0	0	30	15	20
Dakota	0	0	0	15	10	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	25	10	15	180	80	100
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	15	10	10	55	15	40
Nisga'a	10	0	0	65	35	35
Tsimshian	0	0	10	65	30	30
Wakashan languages	15	10	10	100	45	55
Haisla	0	0	0	25	0	25
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	10	0	10
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	10	0	0	45	35	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	10	15	0	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	10	0	35	20	15
Non-Aboriginal languages	358,740	173,040	185,700	1,218,825	573,410	645,415
Afro-Asiatic languages	10,290	5,225	5,065	29,225	15,270	13,955
Berber languages	30	10	20	125	80	45
Kabyle	20	0	20	55	30	25
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	70	50	15
Cushitic languages	1,085	475	610	1,880	870	1,005
Bilen	0	0	0	15	0	15
Oromo	15	10	10	190	110	80
Somali	1,065	465	600	1,675	755	915
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	10	0	10
Semitic languages	9,265	4,770	4,495	27,480	14,465	13,015
Amharic	570	280	295	1,755	905	855
Arabic	7,765	4,005	3,760	19,990	10,680	9,315
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	495	255	235	715	340	375
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	520	265	255	545	270	275
Harari	15	0	10	55	35	20
Hebrew	380	225	150	4,585	2,360	2,225
Maltese	65	25	45	165	90	80
Tigrigna	225	135	90	935	510	430
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	225	115	115	290	150	135
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	95	45	45
Austro-Asiatic languages	10,390	5,025	5,365	30,390	14,495	15,890
Khmer (Cambodian)	840	375	460	1,440	620	820
Vietnamese	9,600	4,675	4,925	29,015	13,890	15,125
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	30	30
Austronesian languages	30,725	13,310	17,415	106,580	44,620	61,955
Bikol	135	70	70	495	205	285
Cebuano	1,365	490	875	4,185	1,625	2,555
Fijian	650	400	255	980	580	405
Hiligaynon	415	210	205	1,365	600	770
Ilocano	1,380	535	840	5,665	2,210	3,460
Malagasy	0	0	0	10	0	0
Malay	1,325	580	740	6,435	3,050	3,390
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	195	90	100	775	350	430
Pangasinan	115	55	60	445	180	265
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	28,030	12,025	16,005	96,290	39,665	56,625
Waray-Waray	65	35	25	280	120	150
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	305	145	160	1,175	580	595
Creole languages	835	425	410	1,820	975	845
Haitian Creole	35	15	15	60	25	35
Creole, n.o.s.	515	265	250	1,020	540	480
Creole languages, n.i.e.	300	155	150	755	415	335
Dravidian languages	3,230	1,705	1,525	8,875	4,710	4,165
Kannada	165	60	100	445	210	235
Malayalam	1,415	765	655	2,580	1,395	1,190
Tamil	1,450	770	675	4,860	2,530	2,325
Telugu	380	220	160	1,425	835	595
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	65	25	40
Hmong-Mien languages	20	15	10	150	75	70
Indo-European languages	235,590	115,940	119,655	536,805	262,060	274,755
Albanian	515	245	270	1,135	580	555
Armenian	210	120	95	1,455	725	735
Balto-Slavic languages	12,960	6,235	6,720	66,125	31,535	34,590
Baltic languages	70	25	45	635	310	325
Latvian	30	15	15	310	175	140
Lithuanian	40	10	30	325	135	185
Slavic languages	12,905	6,215	6,685	65,675	31,315	34,350
Belarusan	10	10	0	205	95	110
Bosnian	360	190	170	1,780	890	890
Bulgarian	250	95	155	1,975	875	1,100
Croatian	1,395	715	685	7,995	3,920	4,075
Czech	980	455	525	4,580	2,140	2,435
Macedonian	40	20	20	345	180	160
Polish	3,795	1,875	1,920	13,820	6,540	7,275
Russian	3,750	1,805	1,935	24,000	11,325	12,675
Serbian	1,000	515	480	8,010	4,105	3,905
Serbo-Croatian	135	65	75	1,240	595	645
Slovak	575	230	340	3,060	1,425	1,635
Slovene (Slovenian)	190	95	95	725	330	400
Ukrainian	1,600	670	930	5,960	2,605	3,355
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	65	45	20	250	120	125
Celtic languages	160	55	105	1,175	650	520
Scottish Gaelic	75	40	35	350	225	120
Welsh	45	10	40	145	65	85
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	35	0	30	685	370	320
Germanic languages	17,000	7,875	9,130	57,255	27,520	29,730
Afrikaans	990	475	515	4,230	2,160	2,065
Danish	760	320	440	2,455	1,150	1,310
Dutch	3,855	1,705	2,145	9,200	4,340	4,855
Frisian	85	35	50	120	55	65
German	10,970	5,195	5,770	38,665	18,840	19,820
Icelandic	30	10	20	215	110	100
Norwegian	345	180	160	1,405	730	680
Swedish	525	235	285	2,765	1,205	1,560
Vlaams (Flemish)	40	15	25	220	125	100
Yiddish	30	15	15	385	175	210
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	75	40	30
Greek	1,675	915	760	7,230	3,675	3,555
Indo-Iranian languages	181,675	90,460	91,220	297,060	147,625	149,435
Indo-Aryan languages	177,125	88,145	88,975	248,620	123,215	125,405
Bengali	1,155	570	590	3,145	1,610	1,530
Gujarati	2,505	1,210	1,295	10,685	5,030	5,655
Hindi	45,065	21,815	23,250	70,505	34,305	36,195
Kashmiri	15	10	0	45	25	20
Konkani	145	75	70	375	185	190
Marathi	290	135	155	1,275	650	625
Nepali	500	240	260	1,180	595	590
Oriya (Odia)	30	20	15	70	40	30
Punjabi (Panjabi)	147,250	73,720	73,530	187,530	93,595	93,935
Sindhi	470	240	230	3,140	1,340	1,800
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,060	575	485	2,140	1,110	1,030
Urdu	8,995	4,600	4,395	14,610	7,635	6,975
Iranian languages	5,055	2,590	2,460	49,445	24,950	24,495
Kurdish	395	230	165	2,070	1,095	980
Pashto	845	465	385	1,540	855	685
Persian (Farsi)	4,115	2,090	2,030	47,155	23,770	23,385
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	380	180	195	750	380	375
Italic (Romance) languages	24,110	11,465	12,645	118,715	56,405	62,310
Catalan	10	15	0	245	125	120
Italian	3,675	1,975	1,700	25,610	12,450	13,155
Portuguese	3,005	1,390	1,615	15,670	7,450	8,225
Romanian	1,355	655	695	8,265	4,075	4,190
Spanish	16,725	7,750	8,975	75,105	35,255	39,855
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	220	130	85
Japanese	3,480	1,595	1,885	28,630	12,410	16,220
Kartvelian languages	10	0	0	90	50	40
Georgian	10	10	10	90	50	45
Korean	13,100	5,985	7,120	50,640	23,170	27,470
Mongolic languages	60	35	25	320	155	170
Mongolian	60	35	25	325	155	165
Niger-Congo languages	2,215	1,145	1,065	5,810	3,020	2,790
Akan (Twi)	300	180	120	495	280	215
Bamanankan	0	0	0	20	10	10
Edo	75	40	30	115	65	55
Ewe	45	35	15	115	75	35
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	10	45	10	35
Ga	75	50	25	95	60	35
Ganda	30	20	10	105	60	45
Igbo	120	65	55	240	140	95
Lingala	100	50	55	235	105	130
Rundi (Kirundi)	50	20	35	105	35	65
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	95	45	50	210	95	115
Shona	75	35	35	265	125	140
Swahili	735	420	320	2,655	1,440	1,220
Wolof	10	0	10	30	15	15
Yoruba	300	155	140	505	260	250
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	545	220	325	1,325	605	725
Nilo-Saharan languages	105	55	50	300	150	150
Dinka	15	15	0	50	35	15
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	90	35	50	250	120	135
Sign languages	1,150	395	755	3,540	1,405	2,135
American Sign Language	630	190	440	2,035	690	1,345
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	10	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	545	215	330	1,565	735	830
Sino-Tibetan languages	49,775	23,510	26,265	431,545	199,110	232,430
Chinese languages	48,370	22,785	25,590	429,070	197,865	231,205
Cantonese	12,800	5,980	6,820	223,705	103,510	120,190
Hakka	385	175	210	2,555	1,215	1,340
Mandarin	38,000	17,800	20,205	250,170	112,935	137,235
Min Dong	20	0	10	125	55	70
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	2,680	1,265	1,415	15,660	6,945	8,720
Wu (Shanghainese)	500	225	275	5,385	2,345	3,035
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,075	490	585	8,745	3,985	4,760
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	45	30	25	195	80	115
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,470	755	710	2,755	1,375	1,380
Burmese	500	270	230	1,385	685	705
Karenic languages	895	445	445	905	455	450
Tibetan	95	55	40	305	165	140
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	80	30	50	295	140	155
Tai-Kadai languages	1,235	525	710	3,810	1,540	2,270
Lao	780	375	405	1,125	505	620
Thai	555	195	355	2,875	1,100	1,770
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Turkic languages	680	380	295	5,950	3,225	2,725
Azerbaijani	20	15	0	835	455	385
Turkish	595	335	260	4,875	2,630	2,240
Uyghur	35	15	20	105	50	55
Uzbek	20	15	0	170	95	75
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	35	20	10	225	125	105
Uralic languages	2,665	1,260	1,410	9,045	4,205	4,845
Estonian	175	65	105	495	205	295
Finnish	585	260	325	2,085	825	1,265
Hungarian	1,910	930	980	6,480	3,175	3,310
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	215	105	110	695	380	315
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	774,360	381,450	392,910	2,426,230	1,185,400	1,240,835
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	685,170	338,795	346,375	2,103,115	1,032,695	1,070,420
Canadian citizens aged under 18	153,615	79,515	74,095	403,685	208,715	194,970
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	531,560	259,280	272,280	1,699,435	823,985	875,445
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	89,190	42,655	46,535	323,115	152,705	170,415
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	774,360	381,450	392,910	2,426,235	1,185,400	1,240,830
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	477,790	239,265	238,525	1,358,990	686,180	672,805
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	283,355	135,500	147,855	989,545	461,660	527,880
Before 1981	58,290	28,395	29,890	209,975	100,680	109,295
1981 to 1990	32,655	15,700	16,950	120,730	56,305	64,425
1991 to 2000	65,365	31,210	34,160	247,835	114,340	133,490
2001 to 2010	83,685	39,430	44,250	268,470	123,245	145,230
2001 to 2005	39,100	18,255	20,845	124,890	57,190	67,695
2006 to 2010	44,585	21,175	23,415	143,585	66,050	77,535
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	43,360	20,765	22,595	142,535	67,095	75,435
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	13,215	6,685	6,530	77,700	37,560	40,140
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	283,355	135,500	147,855	989,540	461,660	527,885
Under 5 years	22,920	11,830	11,095	78,020	39,580	38,445
5 to 14 years	43,425	22,175	21,250	158,290	81,570	76,720
15 to 24 years	69,575	31,415	38,165	204,760	93,100	111,655
25 to 44 years	108,400	52,010	56,385	424,180	189,745	234,440
45 years and over	39,030	18,070	20,960	124,300	57,665	66,630
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	283,355	135,500	147,855	989,545	461,660	527,885
Americas	17,225	7,850	9,385	65,330	30,720	34,605
Brazil	515	200	320	2,860	1,175	1,680
Colombia	855	390	465	3,080	1,400	1,675
El Salvador	1,700	880	820	4,405	2,230	2,170
Guyana	325	140	185	920	415	500
Haiti	120	40	80	265	110	160
Jamaica	795	425	370	2,230	1,160	1,065
Mexico	1,435	560	870	7,850	3,420	4,430
Peru	510	225	285	2,700	1,155	1,540
Trinidad and Tobago	560	240	315	1,940	900	1,040
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	6,855	3,060	3,795	26,445	12,755	13,695
Other places of birth in Americas	3,560	1,680	1,880	12,640	6,000	6,645
Europe	45,815	22,620	23,200	170,930	83,890	87,040
Bosnia and Herzegovina	655	330	325	3,930	1,900	2,025
Croatia	765	385	380	4,110	2,075	2,030
France	470	215	250	3,440	1,800	1,640
Germany	4,520	2,145	2,380	13,520	6,475	7,040
Greece	705	410	295	2,885	1,520	1,365
Hungary	1,120	605	520	3,705	1,895	1,810
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	740	375	365	3,835	2,100	1,735
Italy	1,475	820	650	10,395	5,350	5,045
Netherlands	2,990	1,420	1,570	6,295	3,130	3,170
Poland	3,010	1,460	1,550	10,480	4,885	5,595
Portugal	1,265	640	625	4,660	2,315	2,345
Romania	1,225	590	640	7,110	3,450	3,665
Russian Federation	1,165	480	685	8,460	3,655	4,805
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	455	230	235	3,780	1,890	1,890
Ukraine	1,100	545	555	5,475	2,590	2,885
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	18,650	9,300	9,350	56,530	28,245	28,280
Other places of birth in Europe	5,490	2,660	2,830	22,325	10,615	11,710
Africa	9,245	4,740	4,500	32,100	16,260	15,840
Algeria	95	65	30	430	270	150
Egypt	600	290	315	2,110	1,135	975
Ethiopia	520	250	270	1,665	835	825
Kenya	885	460	420	4,065	1,875	2,185
Morocco	215	110	100	730	385	340
Nigeria	690	370	320	1,205	630	575
Somalia	620	280	335	1,010	485	530
South Africa, Republic of	1,835	975	860	8,205	4,270	3,935
Other places of birth in Africa	3,790	1,940	1,850	12,685	6,370	6,325
Asia	199,095	94,790	104,310	697,305	319,470	377,835
Afghanistan	1,805	885	920	4,865	2,445	2,415
Bangladesh	715	360	355	1,865	945	925
China^{Census data footnote 59}	23,435	10,935	12,500	188,965	84,385	104,580
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	3,555	1,670	1,885	71,715	32,945	38,770
India	93,765	45,825	47,940	125,640	61,250	64,395
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	1,290	735	555	35,250	17,905	17,345
Iraq	2,805	1,425	1,380	5,215	2,660	2,555
Japan	1,240	380	860	10,675	3,140	7,535
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	9,665	4,480	5,185	36,860	16,745	20,115
Lebanon	610	310	295	1,860	1,040	820
Pakistan	5,635	2,845	2,790	9,220	4,725	4,500
Philippines	27,940	12,170	15,765	96,680	40,640	56,045
Sri Lanka	1,485	810	680	4,155	2,160	1,995
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,060	525	530	2,315	1,170	1,140
Taiwan	7,560	3,525	4,040	37,430	16,850	20,570
Viet Nam	6,470	3,025	3,450	24,025	11,235	12,795
Other places of birth in Asia	10,065	4,895	5,165	40,565	19,235	21,325
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	11,970	5,505	6,465	23,885	11,325	12,560
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	43,360	20,765	22,600	142,535	67,095	75,440
Americas	1,975	960	1,015	10,090	5,115	4,980
Brazil	140	50	90	960	445	520
Colombia	95	50	45	465	220	240
Cuba	10	0	10	70	35	30
Haiti	0	0	0	15	0	10
Jamaica	65	40	25	160	115	45
Mexico	350	175	175	2,295	1,160	1,135
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	705	365	340	4,065	2,155	1,905
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	20	10	10	220	100	115
Other places of birth in Americas	585	265	320	1,855	875	975
Europe	1,895	1,005	885	13,610	7,015	6,595
France	40	15	20	790	415	370
Germany	110	65	45	775	450	320
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	70	50	25	1,210	760	450
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	30	15	10	200	110	90
Romania	75	25	45	545	240	305
Russian Federation	85	30	55	1,410	500	905
Ukraine	165	65	100	945	380	570
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	725	420	300	3,850	2,235	1,625
Other places of birth in Europe	590	305	280	3,895	1,935	1,960
Africa	1,725	895	835	4,355	2,280	2,070
Algeria	15	15	0	55	35	20
Cameroon	25	10	20	50	20	35
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	80	55	30	115	70	45
Côte d'Ivoire	10	0	0	10	0	0
Egypt	115	70	45	510	280	235
Eritrea	85	35	50	295	165	130
Ethiopia	50	30	20	250	140	115
Morocco	55	30	25	115	60	55
Nigeria	230	105	120	370	185	190
Somalia	245	100	150	350	145	205
South Africa, Republic of	210	130	75	850	475	375
Tunisia	15	0	10	70	30	45
Other places of birth in Africa	585	300	290	1,300	685	620
Asia	37,135	17,595	19,540	112,400	51,560	60,835
Afghanistan	285	135	145	855	450	405
Bangladesh	110	50	60	385	180	205
China^{Census data footnote 59}	5,995	2,790	3,205	35,890	16,010	19,885
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	160	50	105	1,695	710	985
India	16,795	8,370	8,425	21,375	10,690	10,685
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	235	110	120	8,315	4,160	4,155
Iraq	1,195	565	625	1,850	910	940
Israel	45	30	15	300	170	130
Japan	125	30	95	1,850	465	1,385
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	1,745	810	935	6,640	2,860	3,775
Lebanon	80	40	40	210	110	100
Nepal	80	30	50	215	90	125
Pakistan	985	460	530	1,665	835	830
Philippines	5,965	2,675	3,290	20,200	9,055	11,145
Saudi Arabia	95	30	60	330	150	185
Sri Lanka	215	110	100	455	225	230
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	925	465	460	1,785	900	885
Taiwan	640	235	410	2,330	910	1,420
Turkey	20	10	15	365	205	165
United Arab Emirates	140	90	45	335	175	160
Viet Nam	415	115	295	1,510	595	915
Other places of birth in Asia	900	400	505	3,840	1,700	2,145
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	630	305	315	2,070	1,120	955
Australia	140	85	55	1,135	605	530
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	490	225	260	935	510	425
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	774,360	381,450	392,910	2,426,235	1,185,400	1,240,830
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	301,010	144,430	156,580	1,085,610	508,765	576,845
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	204,385	103,080	101,305	607,585	307,920	299,665
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	268,960	133,940	135,020	733,040	368,715	364,320
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	229,225	109,255	119,975	794,150	368,155	425,990
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	101,690	50,185	51,505	461,955	221,655	240,300
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	38,430	23,185	15,250	176,950	104,335	72,615
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	63,255	27,005	36,255	285,005	117,320	167,685
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	102,200	45,555	56,645	249,920	103,575	146,345
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	23,910	12,845	11,065	71,115	37,975	33,145
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	1,430	665	760	11,160	4,955	6,205
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	774,360	381,450	392,910	2,426,235	1,185,405	1,240,835
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	23,095	10,935	12,160	61,455	29,075	32,380
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	22,525	10,670	11,855	59,600	28,200	31,400
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	11,870	5,575	6,295	35,770	16,870	18,895
Métis	10,480	5,005	5,470	23,430	11,150	12,280
Inuk (Inuit)	175	85	90	400	180	220
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	360	175	185	1,065	505	560
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	210	90	115	795	375	420
Non-Aboriginal identity	751,265	370,515	380,750	2,364,775	1,156,330	1,208,455
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	774,360	381,450	392,910	2,426,230	1,185,400	1,240,830
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	6,765	3,035	3,730	24,115	11,160	12,950
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	767,600	378,420	389,180	2,402,120	1,174,240	1,227,880
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	774,360	381,455	392,910	2,426,235	1,185,400	1,240,830
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	4,240	2,065	2,175	13,620	6,545	7,070
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	4,130	2,015	2,110	13,305	6,385	6,925
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	2,930	1,415	1,515	10,895	5,120	5,770
Métis single ancestry	1,135	580	550	2,265	1,190	1,075
Inuit single ancestry	70	20	45	150	75	75
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	110	45	65	310	155	155
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	95	45	55	285	145	145
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	10	0	0	20	15	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	23,130	11,020	12,110	61,085	29,110	31,980
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	22,355	10,665	11,690	58,700	28,025	30,675
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	13,640	6,480	7,165	38,750	18,490	20,255
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	8,560	4,115	4,450	19,600	9,360	10,230
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	150	75	70	355	170	180
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	775	350	425	2,385	1,085	1,305
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	755	350	400	2,305	1,065	1,235
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	30	10	25
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	0	10	30	10	20
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	0	20	10	15
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	746,995	368,365	378,625	2,351,530	1,149,745	1,201,780
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	774,360	381,450	392,910	2,426,235	1,185,400	1,240,835
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	363,900	178,325	185,575	1,185,680	565,020	620,665
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	195,215	97,890	97,325	291,005	145,540	145,460
Chinese	54,070	25,625	28,445	474,655	221,985	252,670
Black	11,785	6,045	5,740	29,830	15,460	14,375
Filipino	37,145	16,885	20,260	123,170	54,260	68,910
Latin American	9,365	4,390	4,970	34,805	16,485	18,315
Arab	6,605	3,385	3,215	16,430	8,800	7,635
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	15,905	7,895	8,005	44,905	21,400	23,505
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	4,455	2,350	2,105	46,010	23,450	22,555
Korean	13,730	6,280	7,445	52,980	24,465	28,515
Japanese	5,130	2,345	2,785	30,110	12,575	17,530
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	2,540	1,260	1,285	6,490	3,160	3,325
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	7,955	3,965	3,985	35,295	17,420	17,870
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	410,455	203,125	207,335	1,240,555	620,380	620,175
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	774,360	381,450	392,910	2,426,235	1,185,400	1,240,830
North American Aboriginal origins	27,365	13,080	14,280	74,700	35,650	39,050
First Nations (North American Indian)	17,435	8,290	9,145	52,310	24,845	27,460
Inuit	250	105	145	600	275	325
Métis	10,565	5,090	5,480	24,510	11,775	12,730
Other North American origins	129,755	64,585	65,170	353,945	177,115	176,825
Acadian	305	155	155	1,520	770	745
American	10,135	4,970	5,165	32,115	15,550	16,565
Canadian	123,040	61,380	61,660	331,205	166,010	165,195
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	10
Newfoundlander	235	120	115	660	370	290
Nova Scotian	50	25	25	75	40	35
Ontarian	0	10	0	40	25	10
Québécois	190	95	100	745	435	310
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	35	20	15	170	75	85
European origins	383,260	188,470	194,785	1,195,190	593,595	601,590
British Isles origins	254,180	124,625	129,550	763,525	379,940	383,585
Channel Islander	45	35	10	160	90	65
Cornish	80	35	40	245	125	120
English	159,440	77,505	81,935	470,340	232,230	238,115
Irish	87,420	41,470	45,950	275,360	132,535	142,820
Manx	175	90	85	770	365	405
Scottish	112,450	54,905	57,545	341,075	167,685	173,385
Welsh	14,300	6,800	7,500	44,930	21,725	23,205
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	16,435	8,030	8,410	55,700	27,505	28,190
French origins	47,595	22,510	25,085	147,840	71,175	76,660
Alsatian	50	10	30	110	50	60
Breton	10	0	10	45	15	30
Corsican	20	20	0	75	35	40
French	47,540	22,485	25,050	147,710	71,115	76,595
Western European origins (except French origins)	113,875	55,675	58,200	312,330	154,110	158,220
Austrian	6,605	3,195	3,415	21,255	10,070	11,185
Bavarian	15	15	0	80	45	35
Belgian	2,530	1,270	1,255	8,205	4,065	4,140
Dutch	31,585	15,435	16,145	77,640	38,350	39,290
Flemish	255	115	140	955	490	465
Frisian	140	45	95	200	65	130
German	80,560	39,370	41,190	222,030	109,675	112,350
Luxembourger	90	50	45	325	175	150
Swiss	3,230	1,645	1,590	11,345	5,720	5,625
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	150	75	75	450	200	255
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	45,850	21,900	23,950	130,095	62,655	67,445
Danish	8,400	4,025	4,370	23,020	11,200	11,825
Finnish	4,415	2,110	2,310	14,085	6,670	7,420
Icelandic	3,960	1,960	2,005	11,055	5,475	5,585
Norwegian	18,605	8,990	9,615	49,330	24,045	25,290
Swedish	13,655	6,245	7,410	40,690	18,725	21,965
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	1,615	825	790	5,320	2,710	2,610
Eastern European origins	79,240	38,570	40,675	256,185	124,165	132,015
Bulgarian	470	195	275	2,940	1,365	1,575
Byelorussian	280	160	120	1,825	940	880
Czech	3,210	1,535	1,675	11,710	5,670	6,040
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	995	510	485	2,560	1,315	1,250
Estonian	670	295	380	2,545	1,175	1,370
Hungarian	8,595	4,185	4,410	25,855	12,720	13,140
Latvian	450	215	235	2,455	1,260	1,195
Lithuanian	780	330	445	4,160	2,000	2,160
Moldovan	180	70	105	720	340	375
Polish	21,255	10,210	11,045	70,590	33,860	36,725
Romanian	4,365	2,110	2,255	17,485	8,455	9,030
Russian	16,180	7,595	8,585	58,535	27,690	30,845
Slovak	1,565	650	915	6,345	2,945	3,400
Ukrainian	33,010	16,385	16,635	94,400	46,150	48,250
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	365	180	185	2,235	1,010	1,220
Southern European origins	48,845	24,080	24,760	196,300	97,515	98,785
Albanian	540	250	285	1,330	665	665
Bosnian	590	280	310	2,675	1,315	1,360
Catalan	0	10	0	65	55	10
Croatian	3,225	1,675	1,550	15,665	8,095	7,570
Cypriot	90	50	40	345	195	155
Greek	4,120	2,135	1,980	16,085	8,280	7,810
Italian	20,890	10,500	10,385	87,875	44,495	43,380
Kosovar	35	15	25	170	85	85
Macedonian	160	75	85	865	475	390
Maltese	365	210	150	1,185	655	535
Montenegrin	90	50	40	600	285	315
Portuguese	6,895	3,295	3,600	24,575	12,050	12,525
Serbian	1,500	775	725	10,160	5,285	4,875
Sicilian	70	50	20	210	135	80
Slovenian	840	440	400	3,050	1,475	1,575
Spanish	11,545	5,335	6,210	43,985	20,385	23,605
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	915	425	490	3,275	1,470	1,805
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	25	20	10	230	105	125
Other European origins	3,850	1,925	1,920	18,865	9,790	9,075
Basque	90	55	40	470	275	195
Jewish	1,680	805	875	11,230	5,795	5,430
Roma (Gypsy)	70	30	40	325	120	205
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	120	50	70	510	250	255
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	1,895	995	905	6,465	3,400	3,065
Caribbean origins	5,310	2,665	2,645	16,395	8,195	8,200
Antiguan	20	10	15	135	65	70
Bahamian	30	20	10	160	90	70
Barbadian	380	215	165	1,310	690	615
Bermudan	50	25	30	155	70	85
Carib	10	0	10	60	40	25
Cuban	255	120	135	870	445	430
Dominican	165	90	75	535	250	285
Grenadian	85	45	45	280	155	130
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	10	10	10
Haitian	235	90	145	635	290	345
Jamaican	2,410	1,285	1,125	6,455	3,370	3,090
Kittitian/Nevisian	10	0	10	100	50	45
Martinican	0	0	0	20	0	15
Montserratan	10	0	10	20	10	10
Puerto Rican	75	25	50	280	115	165
St. Lucian	55	20	35	120	55	65
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	830	415	420	3,120	1,555	1,565
Vincentian/Grenadinian	130	55	80	325	145	180
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	480	225	245	1,440	655	785
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	420	200	220	1,480	710	770
Latin, Central and South American origins	12,655	6,000	6,655	49,105	23,700	25,400
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	460	255	205	1,790	935	860
Arawak	10	0	0	60	25	30
Argentinian	260	95	170	1,360	610	745
Belizean	10	10	10	35	20	15
Bolivian	15	0	15	185	60	130
Brazilian	725	320	405	4,060	1,830	2,235
Chilean	800	420	385	3,840	1,840	2,000
Colombian	1,115	545	570	4,600	2,240	2,355
Costa Rican	110	40	65	455	230	235
Ecuadorian	85	50	40	740	355	385
Guatemalan	760	360	400	1,990	1,050	940
Guyanese	285	125	155	1,240	635	605
Hispanic	350	165	190	1,205	575	630
Honduran	530	300	230	1,115	585	535
Maya	210	95	110	625	335	285
Mexican	3,385	1,540	1,845	15,115	7,170	7,945
Nicaraguan	395	190	200	1,060	485	570
Panamanian	25	10	10	190	100	90
Paraguayan	120	40	80	280	145	135
Peruvian	685	320	370	3,100	1,435	1,665
Salvadorean	2,095	1,075	1,020	5,310	2,690	2,620
Uruguayan	55	30	25	285	150	130
Venezuelan	205	110	100	1,555	750	805
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	885	405	480	2,445	1,205	1,245
African origins	13,515	6,810	6,705	40,670	20,875	19,795
Central and West African origins	2,330	1,260	1,065	4,965	2,665	2,300
Akan	25	10	10	30	20	10
Angolan	10	0	0	55	30	25
Ashanti	60	20	40	65	20	40
Beninese	0	0	10	30	15	15
Burkinabe	25	15	10	20	15	0
Cameroonian	25	10	10	90	50	40
Chadian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Congolese	325	165	160	680	355	320
Edo	25	20	10	60	40	15
Ewe	30	10	15	55	25	30
Gabonese	10	0	10	10	0	10
Gambian	10	0	10	20	10	10
Ghanaian	650	360	290	1,270	705	565
Guinean	25	10	20	120	45	80
Ibo	100	55	40	200	115	85
Ivorian	20	10	10	45	30	15
Liberian	135	65	70	205	90	110
Malian	0	0	0	20	15	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	835	450	385	1,680	925	755
Peulh	0	0	0	25	0	20
Senegalese	0	0	0	50	35	15
Sierra Leonean	35	10	25	90	45	50
Togolese	30	20	10	80	45	35
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	40	30	0	130	70	60
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	160	90	75	400	195	210
North African origins	1,810	925	885	7,325	3,840	3,485
Algerian	85	50	35	615	360	255
Berber	35	25	10	185	115	70
Coptic	30	10	15	120	70	55
Dinka	0	0	0	15	10	15
Egyptian	945	465	480	3,405	1,780	1,625
Libyan	45	40	15	210	145	60
Maure	10	0	0	105	40	65
Moroccan	320	180	140	1,480	780	695
Sudanese	330	155	180	940	405	535
Tunisian	40	20	20	380	205	170
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	15	10	0	165	105	65
Southern and East African origins	5,545	2,690	2,855	17,295	8,745	8,555
Afrikaner	75	45	30	365	175	190
Amhara	45	20	20	110	60	50
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	65	40	25	240	125	110
Burundian	145	65	85	195	85	110
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	260	150	110	950	505	445
Ethiopian	650	320	330	2,020	1,060	960
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	315	150	165	1,170	570	605
Malagasy	10	0	0	80	50	30
Mauritian	275	150	120	755	420	340
Oromo	0	0	0	120	70	50
Rwandan	55	20	35	305	170	140
Seychellois	10	10	0	15	10	0
Somali	1,215	565	655	2,110	1,015	1,090
South African	1,840	905	935	6,485	3,300	3,180
Tanzanian	75	20	50	425	170	250
Tigrian	45	35	15	185	95	85
Ugandan	100	45	60	595	300	300
Zambian	35	10	20	120	60	55
Zimbabwean	205	110	95	565	290	275
Zulu	25	10	10	60	25	35
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	345	130	215	1,390	690	695
Other African origins	4,035	2,030	2,005	11,690	5,945	5,740
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	380	175	200	1,460	750	710
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	3,695	1,870	1,820	10,320	5,240	5,080
Asian origins	338,390	165,675	172,710	1,128,155	536,680	591,475
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	15,695	8,145	7,550	86,090	44,390	41,700
Afghan	2,850	1,375	1,475	7,505	3,790	3,715
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	1,740	945	795	4,655	2,510	2,145
Armenian	450	225	225	2,845	1,455	1,390
Assyrian	245	135	115	450	245	210
Azerbaijani	65	40	25	890	510	375
Georgian	135	45	95	550	285	260
Hazara	15	10	10	55	30	25
Iranian	2,375	1,310	1,065	44,355	22,490	21,865
Iraqi	2,670	1,340	1,335	5,205	2,635	2,565
Israeli	250	150	100	2,070	1,105	970
Jordanian	190	115	75	590	310	275
Kazakh	15	15	0	275	175	100
Kurd	350	210	140	1,980	1,075	900
Kuwaiti	20	10	0	105	70	35
Kyrgyz	70	50	20	155	85	65
Lebanese	1,500	755	745	5,320	2,830	2,490
Palestinian	795	395	400	2,245	1,190	1,060
Pashtun	170	110	65	325	190	135
Saudi Arabian	45	40	10	545	320	225
Syrian	1,115	505	610	2,780	1,340	1,445
Tajik	95	55	45	240	120	120
Tatar	90	50	35	650	325	325
Turk	985	570	420	5,185	2,865	2,325
Turkmen	40	25	10	70	50	30
Uighur	35	15	25	95	50	55
Uzbek	50	25	25	245	135	110
Yemeni	45	35	15	255	160	95
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	650	330	315	2,135	1,105	1,030
South Asian origins	190,750	95,600	95,145	287,905	143,920	143,985
Bangladeshi	575	290	290	1,510	745	760
Bengali	290	135	155	755	350	405
Bhutanese	10	0	0	95	55	45
East Indian	161,360	80,735	80,625	243,135	121,175	121,960
Goan	55	30	20	315	155	155
Gujarati	125	50	70	615	300	320
Kashmiri	80	35	45	150	75	75
Nepali	475	225	260	1,155	555	600
Pakistani	6,465	3,345	3,125	10,820	5,610	5,210
Punjabi	25,060	12,655	12,400	30,670	15,525	15,145
Sinhalese	315	175	145	525	290	235
Sri Lankan	1,705	920	785	5,070	2,660	2,410
Tamil	345	215	130	1,055	575	475
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	4,370	2,175	2,195	7,200	3,545	3,655
East and Southeast Asian origins	133,300	62,605	70,695	759,855	351,250	408,605
Burmese	750	410	335	1,965	1,000	965
Cambodian (Khmer)	1,285	610	680	2,510	1,200	1,310
Chinese	60,285	28,655	31,630	499,175	234,015	265,160
Filipino	39,730	18,160	21,565	133,925	59,375	74,555
Hmong	0	0	0	115	55	60
Indonesian	1,315	625	690	4,935	2,360	2,575
Japanese	6,510	3,070	3,440	37,630	16,285	21,345
Karen	865	440	430	890	445	440
Korean	14,020	6,415	7,605	55,505	25,715	29,785
Laotian	1,215	625	590	1,775	865	905
Malaysian	830	420	410	4,235	1,955	2,275
Mongolian	140	65	75	1,000	485	520
Singaporean	115	50	65	900	420	475
Taiwanese	3,870	1,775	2,095	20,340	9,315	11,025
Thai	720	285	435	3,330	1,300	2,030
Tibetan	165	90	75	450	235	215
Vietnamese	11,105	5,555	5,550	34,915	17,065	17,850
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	170	75	95	625	265	365
Other Asian origins	705	370	335	1,805	910	890
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	705	370	340	1,800	910	890
Oceania origins	12,155	6,045	6,110	26,815	13,345	13,470
Australian	2,065	1,095	970	8,360	4,365	3,990
New Zealander	865	435	435	3,340	1,695	1,645
Pacific Islands origins	9,315	4,575	4,745	15,550	7,525	8,030
Fijian	8,495	4,235	4,255	13,080	6,375	6,705
Hawaiian	235	90	145	865	370	495
Maori	175	85	95	565	320	245
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	145	50	95	340	145	200
Samoan	125	65	65	245	130	120
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	255	120	135	675	325	355
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	270,330	...	...	960,895	...	...
Owner	198,585	...	...	612,005	...	...
Renter	71,720	...	...	348,700	...	...
Band housing	25	...	...	190	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	270,330	...	...	960,890	...	...
Condominium	59,415	...	...	293,765	...	...
Not condominium	210,915	...	...	667,130	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	270,325	...	...	960,895	...	...
No bedrooms	1,265	...	...	17,180	...	...
1 bedroom	29,935	...	...	208,400	...	...
2 bedrooms	66,950	...	...	259,450	...	...
3 bedrooms	77,900	...	...	215,335	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	94,275	...	...	260,530	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	270,330	...	...	960,895	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	77,510	...	...	413,395	...	...
5 rooms	38,850	...	...	129,200	...	...
6 rooms	34,785	...	...	100,705	...	...
7 rooms	29,990	...	...	83,140	...	...
8 or more rooms	89,195	...	...	234,455	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	270,330	...	...	960,895	...	...
One person or fewer per room	258,690	...	...	927,685	...	...
More than 1 person per room	11,640	...	...	33,210	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	270,330	...	...	960,895	...	...
Suitable	250,965	...	...	890,530	...	...
Not suitable	19,365	...	...	70,365	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	270,330	...	...	960,895	...	...
1960 or before	14,685	...	...	128,710	...	...
1961 to 1980	67,185	...	...	253,840	...	...
1981 to 1990	50,295	...	...	151,755	...	...
1991 to 2000	53,605	...	...	171,550	...	...
2001 to 2005	24,195	...	...	71,265	...	...
2006 to 2010	31,950	...	...	95,905	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	28,420	...	...	87,860	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	270,330	...	...	960,895	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	258,700	...	...	906,230	...	...
Major repairs needed	11,625	...	...	54,665	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	270,330	...	...	960,890	...	...
1 household maintainer	145,390	...	...	555,795	...	...
2 household maintainers	111,705	...	...	364,605	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	13,235	...	...	40,495	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	270,330	...	...	960,895	...	...
15 to 24 years	5,170	...	...	30,215	...	...
25 to 34 years	32,075	...	...	142,600	...	...
35 to 44 years	50,935	...	...	171,450	...	...
45 to 54 years	61,800	...	...	209,675	...	...
55 to 64 years	56,415	...	...	188,785	...	...
65 to 74 years	38,505	...	...	126,445	...	...
75 to 84 years	18,425	...	...	66,030	...	...
85 years and over	7,000	...	...	25,700	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	267,985	...	...	953,380	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	196,440	...	...	648,420	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	71,545	...	...	304,955	...	...
30% to less than 100%	61,060	...	...	240,995	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	196,725	...	...	608,080	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	65.6	...	...	60.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	22.4	...	...	25.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,441	...	...	1,376	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,568	...	...	1,622	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	699,716	...	...	800,220	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	772,504	...	...	1,005,920	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	71,550	...	...	347,220	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	11.4	...	...	13.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	38.6	...	...	43.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	951	...	...	1,136	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,092	...	...	1,242	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	638,130	311,285	326,850	2,064,615	998,830	1,065,780
No certificate, diploma or degree	111,375	55,120	56,250	287,140	139,610	147,525
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	207,495	102,430	105,065	589,945	288,420	301,520
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	319,260	153,730	165,530	1,187,535	570,805	616,735
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	49,215	36,410	12,800	133,015	94,640	38,380
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	21,320	12,535	8,785	61,205	35,085	26,125
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	27,890	23,875	4,015	71,810	59,560	12,255
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	111,200	44,435	66,765	345,285	145,135	200,145
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,050	10,215	13,835	77,850	32,950	44,900
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	134,800	62,670	72,130	631,385	298,080	333,305
Bachelor's degree	90,600	41,365	49,235	415,805	191,250	224,555
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	10,610	4,255	6,350	44,855	18,920	25,935
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	3,610	1,950	1,655	18,130	9,810	8,320
Master's degree	26,795	13,005	13,785	129,655	63,870	65,785
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	3,195	2,090	1,105	22,935	14,225	8,710
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	421,015	203,835	217,180	1,392,440	671,965	720,470
No certificate, diploma or degree	47,355	24,845	22,510	111,570	58,090	53,480
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	124,680	62,160	62,515	339,185	168,975	170,210
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	248,975	116,830	132,150	941,680	444,900	496,780
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	34,650	25,785	8,870	93,815	67,360	26,455
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	15,140	8,950	6,190	43,160	24,930	18,230
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	19,515	16,830	2,680	50,650	42,425	8,225
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	85,780	33,775	52,000	267,625	112,740	154,880
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	17,740	7,420	10,320	58,545	24,490	34,055
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	110,810	49,850	60,960	521,700	240,315	281,385
Bachelor's degree	74,110	32,985	41,120	342,235	154,945	187,290
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	8,440	3,265	5,180	35,945	14,735	21,210
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,915	1,450	1,465	14,490	7,215	7,280
Master's degree	22,955	10,680	12,275	111,335	53,025	58,305
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	2,395	1,470	925	17,695	10,395	7,300
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	638,130	311,280	326,850	2,064,610	998,830	1,065,780
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	318,865	157,550	161,320	877,080	428,030	449,050
Education	21,825	4,715	17,105	69,880	15,410	54,465
13. Education	21,825	4,715	17,110	69,880	15,415	54,465
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	11,155	4,880	6,275	67,210	31,005	36,200
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,255	1,705	550	11,495	8,715	2,780
50. Visual and performing arts	8,900	3,175	5,725	55,710	22,295	33,420
Humanities	21,890	8,665	13,220	79,940	30,295	49,650
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	2,535	635	1,905	11,125	2,575	8,545
23. English language and literature/letters	4,540	1,370	3,170	22,630	7,010	15,625
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	9,130	3,600	5,530	24,845	9,590	15,260
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	80	40	40	345	135	210
38. Philosophy and religious studies	780	465	315	4,010	2,390	1,620
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,100	1,250	850	5,345	3,190	2,160
54. History	2,375	1,255	1,125	9,335	4,975	4,360
55. French language and literature/letters	345	65	290	2,305	430	1,870
Social and behavioural sciences and law	34,010	11,290	22,720	155,565	57,725	97,840
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	310	75	235	2,610	690	1,925
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,720	930	1,790	16,575	5,980	10,595
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	5,865	315	5,545	19,095	1,740	17,350
22. Legal professions and studies	5,300	1,485	3,820	24,595	9,275	15,320
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	500	140	360	2,635	775	1,860
42. Psychology	5,710	1,550	4,160	26,775	7,545	19,235
45. Social sciences	13,605	6,795	6,810	63,280	31,730	31,550
Business, management and public administration	67,135	28,335	38,800	260,400	112,020	148,380
30.16 Accounting and computer science	130	20	115	415	130	290
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,710	605	2,105	10,235	2,470	7,765
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	64,300	27,715	36,585	249,745	109,420	140,320
Physical and life sciences and technologies	11,895	6,170	5,725	55,940	29,305	26,640
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	4,135	1,830	2,305	22,715	10,225	12,490
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,885	1,935	1,950	13,390	6,570	6,820
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	110	30	85	635	160	470
40. Physical sciences	3,185	2,190	995	17,610	11,790	5,815
41. Science technologies/technicians	580	185	390	1,600	565	1,035
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	13,015	8,220	4,795	56,690	37,010	19,680
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10,640	7,175	3,465	44,920	31,725	13,190
25. Library science	595	45	550	3,210	480	2,725
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,690	955	740	7,975	4,430	3,550
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	85	45	40	595	375	215
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	66,400	60,960	5,440	211,910	186,360	25,555
04. Architecture and related services	1,710	1,195	520	11,380	7,200	4,185
14. Engineering	16,065	13,420	2,640	74,080	59,710	14,370
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	11,225	10,015	1,210	33,830	29,890	3,940
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	35	25	15
46. Construction trades	15,270	14,825	445	39,190	37,980	1,215
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	14,545	14,170	370	35,810	34,715	1,095
48. Precision production	7,575	7,330	245	17,580	16,840	745
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	4,705	2,890	1,810	16,890	9,535	7,355
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	3,395	1,945	1,450	10,385	5,480	4,905
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,310	950	360	6,505	4,060	2,450
Health and related fields	49,800	9,330	40,470	159,905	36,460	123,445
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	3,095	1,515	1,580	12,705	6,580	6,125
51. Health professions and related programs	45,980	7,400	38,580	141,905	26,980	114,930
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	725	415	315	5,300	2,910	2,390
Personal, protective and transportation services	17,415	8,260	9,155	52,975	25,595	27,375
12. Personal and culinary services	11,095	2,985	8,110	36,770	12,025	24,740
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	35	35	0	90	85	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	95	90	10	265	255	15
43. Security and protective services	2,600	1,900	705	5,915	4,425	1,490
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,590	3,255	335	9,935	8,810	1,125
Other	30	10	20	220	70	155
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	25	0	20	225	70	150
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	421,010	203,835	217,180	1,392,435	671,970	720,475
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	172,035	87,005	85,025	450,760	227,065	223,690
Education	15,380	2,930	12,450	49,160	10,165	38,995
13. Education	15,380	2,930	12,455	49,160	10,165	38,995
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	8,625	3,665	4,960	54,535	25,045	29,485
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,625	1,225	400	9,120	6,970	2,145
50. Visual and performing arts	7,000	2,440	4,560	45,420	18,075	27,340
Humanities	17,400	6,465	10,935	62,805	23,065	39,740
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	2,025	445	1,575	8,935	1,885	7,060
23. English language and literature/letters	3,475	935	2,540	17,555	5,320	12,235
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	7,605	2,850	4,755	20,030	7,495	12,530
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	60	35	25	270	115	155
38. Philosophy and religious studies	620	355	265	3,140	1,830	1,310
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,475	835	640	3,965	2,345	1,620
54. History	1,885	940	940	7,210	3,750	3,460
55. French language and literature/letters	255	60	200	1,710	325	1,380
Social and behavioural sciences and law	27,515	8,770	18,745	127,395	45,820	81,575
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	275	65	215	2,270	580	1,685
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,275	775	1,495	14,210	5,005	9,205
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	4,835	260	4,570	15,160	1,385	13,775
22. Legal professions and studies	4,310	1,075	3,235	20,290	6,915	13,375
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	400	100	300	2,135	615	1,515
42. Psychology	4,490	1,180	3,315	21,465	5,815	15,650
45. Social sciences	10,935	5,320	5,620	51,875	25,505	26,370
Business, management and public administration	53,950	22,540	31,410	213,390	90,380	123,010
30.16 Accounting and computer science	90	15	75	310	110	205
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,135	465	1,670	8,095	1,895	6,200
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	51,725	22,055	29,670	204,980	88,375	116,610
Physical and life sciences and technologies	8,755	4,300	4,455	42,720	21,690	21,025
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	3,185	1,345	1,835	18,145	8,020	10,125
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	2,740	1,270	1,470	9,880	4,680	5,190
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	80	10	75	500	120	380
40. Physical sciences	2,370	1,570	800	13,100	8,505	4,600
41. Science technologies/technicians	385	100	280	1,090	370	725
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	11,455	7,255	4,200	49,880	32,880	16,995
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	9,665	6,510	3,150	40,915	28,950	11,965
25. Library science	435	40	395	2,350	365	1,980
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,290	675	615	6,115	3,265	2,855
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	65	25	45	500	305	190
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	49,890	45,175	4,710	162,555	140,255	22,295
04. Architecture and related services	1,360	910	450	9,170	5,455	3,720
14. Engineering	12,970	10,555	2,415	60,355	47,375	12,980
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	8,070	7,060	1,010	24,980	21,790	3,195
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	30	20	10
46. Construction trades	11,320	10,950	370	29,305	28,340	965
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10,870	10,605	270	26,760	25,920	840
48. Precision production	5,295	5,095	200	11,945	11,360	585
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,640	2,180	1,460	13,480	7,310	6,175
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,625	1,475	1,155	8,225	4,160	4,060
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,010	700	310	5,255	3,150	2,110
Health and related fields	39,235	7,400	31,830	125,490	28,745	96,745
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,425	1,180	1,245	10,075	5,185	4,890
51. Health professions and related programs	36,200	5,905	30,295	111,260	21,465	89,795
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	610	320	290	4,150	2,095	2,055
Personal, protective and transportation services	13,110	6,145	6,970	40,090	19,480	20,615
12. Personal and culinary services	8,255	2,155	6,100	27,525	9,115	18,415
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	50	40	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	35	0	100	95	0
43. Security and protective services	2,110	1,520	595	4,830	3,550	1,285
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,695	2,420	270	7,590	6,675	915
Other	25	10	20	180	55	125
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	30	0	20	180	55	125
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	638,130	311,280	326,850	2,064,610	998,830	1,065,785
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	318,865	157,550	161,315	877,080	428,030	449,050
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	319,265	153,735	165,530	1,187,535	570,800	616,730
Location of study inside Canada	224,670	107,510	117,160	808,030	390,720	417,305
Same as province or territory of residence	188,430	89,015	99,420	651,955	311,410	340,540
Different than province or territory of residence	36,240	18,495	17,745	156,075	79,315	76,765
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	94,595	46,225	48,375	379,505	180,085	199,425
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	8,795	4,775	4,020	42,495	23,540	18,950
Philippines	13,340	5,305	8,030	48,070	17,830	30,235
India	24,665	12,180	12,485	35,220	17,470	17,750
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	7,370	4,270	3,105	33,175	18,105	15,075
China^{Census data footnote 162}	10,525	4,845	5,685	58,575	26,315	32,260
France	265	135	130	3,360	1,850	1,510
Other	29,630	14,715	14,915	158,620	74,970	83,645
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	421,010	203,830	217,180	1,392,440	671,965	720,475
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	172,035	87,005	85,025	450,755	227,065	223,695
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	248,975	116,830	132,150	941,680	444,900	496,780
Location of study inside Canada	173,395	81,360	92,030	641,620	307,965	333,660
Same as province or territory of residence	148,440	68,810	79,635	522,570	247,290	275,280
Different than province or territory of residence	24,950	12,555	12,395	119,050	60,675	58,380
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	75,585	35,460	40,120	300,060	136,945	163,120
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	6,285	3,320	2,960	31,755	17,170	14,585
Philippines	11,620	4,610	7,015	41,080	15,065	26,015
India	21,160	9,985	11,170	29,660	14,025	15,640
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	4,005	2,355	1,655	21,325	11,475	9,850
China^{Census data footnote 162}	9,550	4,355	5,195	50,710	22,290	28,420
France	200	90	110	2,810	1,575	1,245
Other	22,760	10,750	12,015	122,715	55,350	67,365
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	638,130	311,280	326,850	2,064,615	998,830	1,065,780
In the labour force	416,620	219,310	197,310	1,355,520	703,360	652,160
Employed	391,700	207,225	184,475	1,276,900	663,790	613,115
Unemployed	24,920	12,085	12,840	78,620	39,575	39,045
Not in the labour force	221,510	91,970	129,540	709,095	295,475	413,625
Participation rate	65.3	70.5	60.4	65.7	70.4	61.2
Employment rate	61.4	66.6	56.4	61.8	66.5	57.5
Unemployment rate	6.0	5.5	6.5	5.8	5.6	6.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	638,130	311,280	326,850	2,064,615	998,835	1,065,780
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	208,795	86,295	122,505	665,510	276,425	389,090
Worked	429,335	224,990	204,345	1,399,105	722,405	676,695
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	201,880	118,630	83,245	657,635	374,990	282,655
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	227,455	106,355	121,100	741,460	347,420	394,040
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.2	43.2	41.1	42.2	43.0	41.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	416,620	219,310	197,310	1,355,520	703,360	652,160
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	7,785	3,495	4,290	24,955	11,635	13,330
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	408,835	215,815	193,020	1,330,560	691,730	638,830
Employee	358,010	182,655	175,350	1,150,055	579,380	570,680
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	50,830	33,160	17,670	180,510	112,355	68,150
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	416,620	219,310	197,310	1,355,520	703,360	652,160
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	7,785	3,495	4,290	24,955	11,635	13,325
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	408,835	215,815	193,015	1,330,565	691,730	638,835
0 Management occupations	43,665	27,920	15,745	156,615	97,575	59,040
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	63,365	18,125	45,240	222,325	71,120	151,205
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	22,085	17,810	4,270	101,410	79,690	21,715
3 Health occupations	25,535	4,930	20,605	83,995	20,065	63,930
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	39,995	12,165	27,835	148,620	49,535	99,085
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	10,680	4,955	5,730	61,980	31,655	30,320
6 Sales and service occupations	101,955	42,395	59,560	331,590	147,165	184,430
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	75,510	70,960	4,555	167,640	157,865	9,770
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	8,580	5,135	3,445	17,660	12,070	5,585
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	17,460	11,425	6,035	38,745	24,985	13,760
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	416,620	219,310	197,310	1,355,520	703,360	652,160
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	7,785	3,490	4,290	24,955	11,635	13,325
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	408,835	215,820	193,020	1,330,565	691,730	638,835
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	8,030	3,750	4,280	13,020	6,860	6,160
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,035	815	220	4,475	3,245	1,225
22 Utilities	2,075	1,355	720	6,840	4,430	2,410
23 Construction	39,995	35,045	4,950	98,365	85,810	12,555
31-33 Manufacturing	34,025	23,670	10,350	84,355	56,870	27,485
41 Wholesale trade	19,300	12,815	6,490	55,415	36,140	19,280
44-45 Retail trade	47,220	21,480	25,740	150,000	70,385	79,610
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	34,180	27,155	7,025	74,775	57,465	17,320
51 Information and cultural industries	8,600	5,380	3,215	50,230	31,635	18,595
52 Finance and insurance	16,250	6,585	9,665	65,250	28,935	36,310
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	8,125	4,550	3,570	35,440	19,460	15,980
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	26,445	13,945	12,500	133,130	74,620	58,510
55 Management of companies and enterprises	850	380	470	3,185	1,450	1,735
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	21,040	12,275	8,765	61,005	35,270	25,730
61 Educational services	25,690	7,400	18,295	99,835	33,935	65,895
62 Health care and social assistance	42,090	7,055	35,035	137,665	28,495	109,175
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	7,805	3,800	4,005	31,530	15,900	15,635
72 Accommodation and food services	29,645	10,750	18,890	111,365	48,700	62,665
81 Other services (except public administration)	18,995	8,650	10,345	60,840	24,875	35,970
91 Public administration	17,440	8,950	8,490	53,855	27,260	26,595
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	391,695	207,225	184,475	1,276,900	663,785	613,115
Worked at home	27,645	13,430	14,210	104,865	52,665	52,200
Worked outside Canada	2,470	1,770	700	12,825	9,110	3,715
No fixed workplace address	64,715	49,330	15,395	169,320	123,645	45,680
Worked at usual place	296,870	142,700	154,170	989,890	478,370	511,520
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	296,865	142,695	154,165	989,890	478,370	511,515
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	116,015	49,105	66,910	436,405	192,755	243,650
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	171,485	88,465	83,020	534,530	274,720	259,810
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	8,220	4,395	3,825	14,895	8,330	6,570
Commute to a different province or territory	1,145	730	415	4,060	2,565	1,490
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	361,585	192,025	169,560	1,159,210	602,015	557,195
Car, truck, van - as a driver	277,015	154,655	122,360	745,820	419,660	326,160
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	22,865	10,480	12,380	58,040	22,500	35,535
Public transit	44,685	19,275	25,410	235,985	100,450	135,535
Walked	11,225	4,180	7,050	77,830	33,760	44,070
Bicycle	1,765	1,235	525	27,235	17,585	9,650
Other method	4,040	2,200	1,840	14,310	8,060	6,250
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	361,585	192,030	169,560	1,159,215	602,015	557,200
Less than 15 minutes	67,180	28,645	38,535	207,760	93,360	114,400
15 to 29 minutes	106,560	53,255	53,310	375,370	191,565	183,805
30 to 44 minutes	89,430	52,540	36,890	306,130	169,105	137,030
45 to 59 minutes	45,285	27,115	18,165	139,550	76,570	62,975
60 minutes and over	53,130	30,470	22,665	130,400	71,410	58,990
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	361,590	192,025	169,560	1,159,215	602,015	557,200
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	34,860	24,255	10,600	75,910	52,030	23,880
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	70,355	43,090	27,265	182,840	110,300	72,540
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	84,620	42,925	41,690	282,190	141,805	140,385
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	63,335	28,995	34,335	260,325	120,855	139,470
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	46,660	19,670	26,990	183,650	83,955	99,695
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	61,765	33,080	28,680	174,300	93,070	81,235
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	446,095	232,960	213,130	1,449,815	746,815	703,000
Single responses	432,610	225,735	206,875	1,408,670	726,520	682,150
Official languages	412,115	214,325	197,785	1,333,805	686,635	647,170
English	411,455	214,180	197,275	1,330,560	685,755	644,805
French	660	150	515	3,240	880	2,360
Non-official languages	20,495	11,405	9,090	74,865	39,885	34,980
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	10	0	0	10	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	10	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	20,495	11,405	9,085	74,855	39,880	34,980
Afro-Asiatic languages	115	85	30	390	250	140
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	0	10	10	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	0	10	10	0	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	110	85	25	380	250	135
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	105	80	25	275	195	75
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	10	0	25	15	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	75	30	45
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	815	335	480	2,000	915	1,090
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	15	0	20	15	10
Vietnamese	790	320	470	1,985	905	1,080
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	235	110	125	745	360	380
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	0	10	10	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	0	0	30	10	15
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	0	50	35	15
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	200	100	105	630	300	330
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	15	10	10	30	15	15
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	15	10	10	30	10	15
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	12,715	7,355	5,365	17,425	10,045	7,375
Albanian	0	0	0	15	15	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	100	40	60	725	335	390
Baltic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Slavic languages	105	40	60	720	330	385
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	10	0	0	25	10	15
Czech	0	0	0	20	15	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Polish	15	0	10	95	45	50
Russian	55	20	40	435	185	250
Serbian	25	10	15	85	50	35
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	45	20	25	335	185	155
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	10	0
Danish	0	0	0	10	10	0
Dutch	10	0	10	70	45	25
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	25	10	15	205	100	105
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	0	15	10	0
Swedish	0	0	10	30	20	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	10	0	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	30	15	20	55	25	35
Indo-Iranian languages	12,255	7,135	5,120	14,590	8,630	5,960
Indo-Aryan languages	12,220	7,115	5,105	13,515	7,915	5,600
Bengali	10	10	0	20	15	0
Gujarati	25	10	20	35	15	25
Hindi	210	115	95	265	160	105
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	0	0	25	10	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	11,935	6,965	4,970	13,130	7,690	5,435
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	30	20	15	40	20	20
Iranian languages	30	25	10	1,070	715	355
Kurdish	15	10	0	25	20	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	15	10	0	1,045	695	350
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	285	150	135	1,700	860	835
Catalan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Italian	0	10	0	85	40	50
Portuguese	25	15	10	490	250	250
Romanian	15	10	0	70	40	20
Spanish	240	120	120	1,040	530	515
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Japanese	100	50	55	1,545	585	955
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Georgian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Korean	1,480	810	670	5,075	2,720	2,355
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Mongolian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	55	10	45	175	55	120
American Sign Language	45	0	45	140	30	110
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	10	0	30	25	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,905	2,625	2,285	47,255	24,800	22,455
Chinese languages	4,865	2,595	2,265	47,190	24,765	22,425
Cantonese	1,055	555	500	22,890	11,635	11,255
Hakka	0	0	0	10	10	10
Mandarin	3,600	1,920	1,680	23,190	12,570	10,625
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	85	50	30	205	115	90
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	45	25	25
Chinese, n.o.s.	120	70	50	845	410	435
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	25	20	65	40	25
Burmese	0	0	0	20	10	10
Karenic languages	40	20	15	40	25	20
Tibetan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	10	10	100	45	50
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	15	10	10	100	45	55
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	10	0	50	35	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	10	10	0
Turkish	10	10	10	35	25	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	10	0	10
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	15	10	10	30	20	15
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	10	0	15	10	10
Hungarian	10	10	10	10	10	10
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	30	15	15
Multiple responses	13,485	7,225	6,260	41,150	20,295	20,850
English and French	645	280	360	2,780	1,230	1,550
English and non-official language	12,770	6,925	5,845	37,985	18,925	19,060
French and non-official language	0	0	0	40	25	15
English, French and non-official language	70	20	45	345	120	225
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	446,095	232,965	213,135	1,449,815	746,815	702,995
None	408,430	212,585	195,845	1,311,370	677,965	633,405
English	8,295	4,785	3,515	30,725	15,720	15,005
French	2,255	920	1,335	11,780	5,165	6,620
Non-official language	26,790	14,545	12,245	93,465	46,780	46,685
Aboriginal	25	10	20	120	45	75
Non-Aboriginal	26,765	14,540	12,225	93,350	46,730	46,615
English and French	0	0	0	35	25	15
English and non-official language	115	35	75	1,115	540	580
French and non-official language	210	90	120	1,320	630	690
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	766,160	377,355	388,805	2,403,020	1,173,535	1,229,485
Non-movers	651,840	320,955	330,885	2,024,075	986,910	1,037,160
Movers	114,320	56,400	57,920	378,945	186,625	192,325
Non-migrants	63,845	31,370	32,475	207,285	101,795	105,490
Migrants	50,475	25,030	25,450	171,660	84,825	86,830
Internal migrants	37,970	18,815	19,160	117,565	58,205	59,360
Intraprovincial migrants	32,130	15,785	16,350	93,805	46,105	47,695
Interprovincial migrants	5,835	3,025	2,810	23,760	12,095	11,660
External migrants	12,505	6,220	6,290	54,095	26,620	27,475
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	732,285	359,870	372,420	2,310,250	1,125,645	1,184,605
Non-movers	418,030	206,050	211,985	1,298,685	632,380	666,305
Movers	314,255	153,820	160,435	1,011,565	493,265	518,305
Non-migrants	167,475	81,665	85,810	516,530	251,585	264,945
Migrants	146,780	72,155	74,625	495,035	241,680	253,360
Internal migrants	100,105	49,255	50,845	309,040	151,835	157,205
Intraprovincial migrants	85,605	42,035	43,575	246,850	121,080	125,765
Interprovincial migrants	14,495	7,220	7,280	62,195	30,755	31,440
External migrants	46,675	22,900	23,780	186,000	89,845	96,155

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Fraser South Health Service Delivery Area [Health region, December 2017], British Columbia and Greater Vancouver, RD [Census division], British Columbia (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 12, 2025).

Date modified:: 2024-07-12

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Fraser South Health Service Delivery Area [Health region, December 2017], British Columbia and Greater Vancouver, Regional district [Census division], British Columbia

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Census Profile, 2016 Census Fraser South Health Service Delivery Area [Health region, December 2017], British Columbia and Greater Vancouver, Regional district [Census division], British Columbia

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Fraser South Health Service Delivery Area [Health region, December 2017], British Columbia and Greater Vancouver, Regional district [Census division], British Columbia