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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Edmonton [Population centre], Alberta and Alberta [Province]

Charts (using rates) Download Hierarchies

The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Edmonton Alberta [Population centre]			Alberta [Province]
	Data quality , Edmonton [Population centre], Alberta Map : Edmonton [Population centre], Alberta Change geography 1			Data quality : Alberta [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	1,062,643	...	...	4,067,175	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	935,361 ^r	...	...	3,645,257	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	13.6	...	...	11.6	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	436,072	...	...	1,654,129	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	408,474	...	...	1,527,678	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,855.5	...	...	6.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	572.69	...	...	640,330.46	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	1,062,630	529,160	533,475	4,067,175	2,039,410	2,027,765
0 to 14 years	189,385	96,675	92,705	779,155	399,570	379,580
0 to 4 years	67,160	34,170	32,995	266,515	136,520	129,995
5 to 9 years	64,905	33,095	31,810	270,715	138,990	131,725
10 to 14 years	57,315	29,415	27,905	241,920	124,060	117,860
15 to 64 years	741,065	373,755	367,305	2,787,805	1,408,150	1,379,655
15 to 19 years	59,595	30,630	28,970	240,035	123,625	116,410
20 to 24 years	76,985	38,935	38,050	261,830	133,990	127,840
25 to 29 years	92,100	46,790	45,315	310,940	156,715	154,225
30 to 34 years	92,485	46,810	45,675	333,175	167,555	165,620
35 to 39 years	81,310	41,230	40,085	305,505	153,655	151,850
40 to 44 years	72,120	36,460	35,665	281,205	142,545	138,660
45 to 49 years	68,330	34,420	33,910	269,030	135,855	133,180
50 to 54 years	71,630	35,765	35,865	284,310	142,205	142,100
55 to 59 years	69,135	34,460	34,680	275,540	138,565	136,970
60 to 64 years	57,360	28,260	29,100	226,230	113,440	112,790
65 years and over	132,180	58,725	73,460	500,215	231,690	268,530
65 to 69 years	44,235	21,370	22,865	173,680	85,500	88,180
70 to 74 years	29,650	13,740	15,915	117,035	56,430	60,610
75 to 79 years	22,400	10,015	12,385	83,955	39,105	44,845
80 to 84 years	17,375	7,250	10,125	62,165	27,590	34,575
85 years and over	18,525	6,340	12,180	63,385	23,065	40,320
85 to 89 years	11,585	4,420	7,165	39,965	16,050	23,915
90 to 94 years	5,340	1,575	3,765	18,025	5,755	12,275
95 to 99 years	1,380	310	1,065	4,735	1,145	3,595
100 years and over	220	35	180	650	115	535
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.8	18.3	17.4	19.2	19.6	18.7
15 to 64 years	69.7	70.6	68.9	68.5	69.0	68.0
65 years and over	12.4	11.1	13.8	12.3	11.4	13.2
85 years and over	1.7	1.2	2.3	1.6	1.1	2.0
Average age of the population	37.9	37.1	38.7	37.8	37.2	38.4
Median age of the population	36.2	35.5	36.9	36.7	36.2	37.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	408,470	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Single-detached house	216,070	...	...	946,225	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	26,235	...	...	62,395	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	163,425	...	...	471,090	...	...
Semi-detached house	25,325	...	...	86,765	...	...
Row house	39,095	...	...	116,625	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	10,265	...	...	43,090	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	88,640	...	...	223,360	...	...
Other single-attached house	95	...	...	1,245	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	2,740	...	...	47,970	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	408,470	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
1 person	106,810	...	...	366,080	...	...
2 persons	134,205	...	...	524,415	...	...
3 persons	66,925	...	...	245,075	...	...
4 persons	60,770	...	...	233,770	...	...
5 or more persons	39,760	...	...	158,335	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,041,915	...	...	3,978,145	...	...
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	873,250	432,480	440,770	3,288,020	1,639,835	1,648,185
Married or living common law	493,095	247,635	245,465	1,969,300	988,410	980,895
Married	413,050	207,540	205,515	1,648,945	828,155	820,790
Living common law	80,045	40,095	39,950	320,350	160,250	160,100
Not married and not living common law	380,150	184,845	195,305	1,318,720	651,430	667,290
Never married	265,150	146,340	118,805	905,700	505,310	400,390
Separated	20,705	8,830	11,875	76,150	34,000	42,150
Divorced	54,915	21,960	32,955	195,850	82,040	113,815
Widowed	39,380	7,710	31,665	141,020	30,080	110,940
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	285,250	...	...	1,114,585	...	...
2 persons	136,500	...	...	540,850	...	...
3 persons	63,455	...	...	235,245	...	...
4 persons	59,040	...	...	227,165	...	...
5 or more persons	26,260	...	...	111,330	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	285,250	...	...	1,114,585	...	...
Total couple families	238,610	...	...	953,325	...	...
Married couples	198,600	...	...	793,195	...	...
Common-law couples	40,010	...	...	160,130	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	46,640	...	...	161,260	...	...
Female parent	36,680	...	...	123,490	...	...
Male parent	9,960	...	...	37,770	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	238,610	...	...	953,325	...	...
Couples without children	107,905	...	...	443,665	...	...
Couples with children	130,705	...	...	509,655	...	...
1 child	50,685	...	...	190,010	...	...
2 children	55,380	...	...	213,910	...	...
3 or more children	24,640	...	...	105,735	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	46,640	...	...	161,260	...	...
1 child	28,590	...	...	97,180	...	...
2 children	12,765	...	...	45,235	...	...
3 or more children	5,285	...	...	18,845	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	201,250	104,730	96,520	678,535	356,875	321,655
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	408,475	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
One-census-family households	264,795	...	...	1,039,985	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	99,885	...	...	414,570	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	164,915	...	...	625,415	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	9,950	...	...	36,120	...	...
Non-census-family households	133,730	...	...	451,570	...	...
One-person households	106,810	...	...	366,080	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	26,920	...	...	85,490	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	1,050,030	523,450	526,580	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
English only	950,200	477,780	472,415	3,698,765	1,869,670	1,829,095
French only	1,570	680	890	3,895	1,725	2,165
English and French	78,205	36,950	41,255	264,720	124,400	140,315
Neither English nor French	20,060	8,045	12,015	59,280	24,715	34,565
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	1,050,030	523,450	526,580	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
English	1,002,275	501,090	501,185	3,880,685	1,950,980	1,929,705
French	21,640	11,245	10,400	71,535	37,205	34,330
English and French	6,555	3,350	3,200	16,605	8,350	8,255
Neither English nor French	19,565	7,775	11,795	57,830	23,970	33,860
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	24,915	12,920	12,000	79,840	41,380	38,455
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	2.4	2.5	2.3	2.0	2.0	1.9
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	1,050,030	523,450	526,580	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
Single responses	1,018,575	508,110	510,465	3,934,580	1,975,615	1,958,970
Official languages	722,350	364,530	357,820	3,063,640	1,552,475	1,511,165
English	701,590	353,735	347,860	2,991,485	1,515,025	1,476,460
French	20,760	10,795	9,965	72,150	37,450	34,705
Non-official languages	296,220	143,580	152,640	870,940	423,140	447,805
Aboriginal languages	2,055	765	1,285	23,835	11,290	12,550
Algonquian languages	1,650	620	1,030	18,295	8,665	9,630
Blackfoot	35	10	25	2,750	1,305	1,445
Cree-Montagnais languages	1,530	580	950	14,960	7,105	7,850
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Moose Cree	5	0	5	10	0	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	15	10	10	50	15	35
Plains Cree	310	105	210	720	280	435
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	20	10	10	50	20	35
Woods Cree	135	55	80	910	430	480
Cree, n.o.s.	1,045	405	640	13,220	6,355	6,865
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	5	0	30	15	15
Malecite	5	0	0	0	5	0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	0	35	20	15
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	80	25	55	550	235	315
Algonquin	0	0	0	5	0	5
Ojibway	75	25	50	525	230	300
Oji-Cree	5	5	0	15	5	15
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Athabaskan languages	200	65	135	1,865	865	1,000
Northern Athabaskan languages	200	70	130	1,855	860	990
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	5	35	15	15
Carrier	5	0	5	15	0	15
Chilcotin	0	5	0	5	0	0
Dene	130	45	85	1,470	710	760
Dogrib (Tlicho)	20	5	15	40	10	30
Gwich'in	0	0	0	15	5	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	70	20	45
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	35	15	25	200	90	115
North Slavey (Hare)	10	0	5	10	5	10
South Slavey	20	5	10	155	70	80
Slavey, n.o.s.	10	5	5	35	15	25
Tahltan languages	5	0	0	5	0	5
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	5	0	5	5	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	10	0	10
Haida	0	0	5	0	0	0
Inuit languages	50	15	35	120	35	85
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	10	0	10	25	5	10
Inuktitut	25	10	15	60	20	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	35	10	30
Iroquoian languages	5	5	5	10	10	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	5	5	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0	5	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	5	0	0
Michif	30	15	15	80	45	35
Salish languages	5	0	5	15	5	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	5	5
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	5	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Siouan languages	90	30	55	3,370	1,630	1,745
Dakota	45	15	30	350	165	185
Stoney	45	15	30	3,020	1,460	1,555
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tlingit	0	5	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian languages	5	5	5	15	5	5
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	5	0	5	10	5	5
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	25	10	10	55	30	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	294,170	142,815	151,350	847,105	411,850	435,255
Afro-Asiatic languages	30,850	16,095	14,760	68,415	36,215	32,200
Berber languages	130	70	60	340	190	145
Kabyle	75	40	30	165	90	75
Berber languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	175	100	75
Cushitic languages	7,900	3,965	3,935	12,525	6,495	6,030
Bilen	245	140	105	315	185	130
Oromo	1,125	580	540	2,650	1,375	1,275
Somali	6,510	3,235	3,275	9,520	4,915	4,605
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	40	20	20
Semitic languages	22,755	12,015	10,740	55,425	29,450	25,980
Amharic	2,495	1,210	1,290	7,320	3,605	3,720
Arabic	17,155	9,165	7,990	40,540	21,840	18,705
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	75	40	35	400	210	190
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	40	20	15	145	80	65
Harari	170	90	85	260	135	120
Hebrew	395	215	180	960	505	460
Maltese	25	10	10	75	30	40
Tigrigna	2,320	1,220	1,100	5,415	2,880	2,535
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	80	50	35	305	155	145
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	65	40	25	130	80	50
Austro-Asiatic languages	9,460	4,365	5,095	25,295	11,760	13,535
Khmer (Cambodian)	750	355	395	1,925	910	1,010
Vietnamese	8,705	4,010	4,695	23,350	10,840	12,505
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	25	10	15
Austronesian languages	39,730	17,365	22,365	115,405	50,190	65,210
Bikol	100	50	55	425	205	225
Cebuano	1,835	775	1,060	5,135	2,155	2,980
Fijian	50	25	20	125	75	50
Hiligaynon	505	225	280	1,500	640	855
Ilocano	1,745	745	1,000	5,350	2,310	3,040
Malagasy	10	0	5	35	10	25
Malay	485	215	270	1,460	615	845
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	315	150	165	765	370	390
Pangasinan	110	45	65	290	115	175
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	34,220	14,970	19,255	99,035	43,120	55,920
Waray-Waray	70	35	35	305	145	160
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	275	125	150	980	430	550
Creole languages	985	515	470	1,895	990	910
Haitian Creole	55	25	30	95	45	50
Creole, n.o.s.	595	330	265	1,175	640	540
Creole languages, n.i.e.	340	155	180	625	305	325
Dravidian languages	6,550	3,410	3,140	13,490	7,075	6,415
Kannada	200	100	100	535	270	265
Malayalam	3,335	1,720	1,620	6,345	3,285	3,060
Tamil	2,075	1,095	975	4,430	2,360	2,070
Telugu	915	485	430	2,130	1,135	995
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	50	25	25
Hmong-Mien languages	10	5	5	105	55	45
Indo-European languages	139,345	69,005	70,340	442,685	220,330	222,355
Albanian	760	410	345	2,345	1,270	1,075
Armenian	165	80	85	500	250	245
Balto-Slavic languages	31,195	14,505	16,695	80,330	37,750	42,580
Baltic languages	285	125	160	1,010	475	535
Latvian	130	60	70	415	195	220
Lithuanian	155	65	90	600	285	315
Slavic languages	30,915	14,380	16,535	79,325	37,275	42,050
Belarusan	35	15	15	65	30	30
Bosnian	695	350	345	1,835	915	920
Bulgarian	450	230	215	1,545	790	755
Croatian	1,890	990	905	4,655	2,340	2,320
Czech	770	380	390	3,000	1,430	1,575
Macedonian	175	90	85	360	185	175
Polish	8,495	3,965	4,530	20,130	9,425	10,705
Russian	5,255	2,440	2,810	17,810	8,150	9,665
Serbian	1,735	875	860	4,020	2,035	1,985
Serbo-Croatian	340	170	170	970	480	485
Slovak	505	245	255	2,185	1,070	1,115
Slovene (Slovenian)	250	115	135	695	320	370
Ukrainian	10,235	4,460	5,775	21,835	9,985	11,850
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	80	45	35	215	120	100
Celtic languages	100	60	40	370	200	170
Scottish Gaelic	45	25	20	135	70	65
Welsh	25	10	10	175	85	80
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	35	25	10	65	40	25
Germanic languages	15,495	7,255	8,240	104,260	51,525	52,735
Afrikaans	440	235	210	3,010	1,475	1,535
Danish	555	265	290	2,380	1,245	1,135
Dutch	3,010	1,450	1,560	16,135	8,095	8,045
Frisian	65	40	25	360	200	160
German	10,890	5,030	5,865	80,050	39,435	40,615
Icelandic	30	15	20	115	55	60
Norwegian	170	70	95	815	370	445
Swedish	215	95	115	875	405	470
Vlaams (Flemish)	55	20	30	320	150	170
Yiddish	55	30	25	140	70	70
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	55	30	25
Greek	1,000	540	460	3,130	1,655	1,475
Indo-Iranian languages	61,955	31,800	30,155	166,805	85,250	81,560
Indo-Aryan languages	55,480	28,405	27,070	145,900	74,320	71,580
Bengali	2,300	1,210	1,085	7,000	3,630	3,370
Gujarati	5,650	2,930	2,720	13,140	6,785	6,355
Hindi	8,190	4,115	4,075	17,055	8,675	8,385
Kashmiri	20	10	5	105	60	50
Konkani	150	80	70	370	190	185
Marathi	525	270	255	1,510	775	730
Nepali	1,950	1,020	930	5,175	2,690	2,490
Oriya (Odia)	70	35	35	190	100	90
Punjabi (Panjabi)	26,615	13,660	12,955	68,695	34,935	33,760
Sindhi	920	425	490	2,770	1,300	1,475
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,235	635	590	2,590	1,320	1,265
Urdu	7,860	4,015	3,850	27,295	13,865	13,430
Iranian languages	6,205	3,250	2,955	19,600	10,235	9,365
Kurdish	745	410	330	1,550	845	705
Pashto	635	330	300	2,560	1,320	1,235
Persian (Farsi)	4,825	2,505	2,320	15,490	8,070	7,425
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	280	145	130	1,310	695	615
Italic (Romance) languages	28,665	14,350	14,315	84,940	42,425	42,515
Catalan	25	15	15	75	30	45
Italian	4,595	2,260	2,335	11,375	5,760	5,615
Portuguese	4,210	2,045	2,165	9,050	4,380	4,670
Romanian	2,415	1,205	1,210	8,035	4,080	3,955
Spanish	17,410	8,830	8,585	56,370	28,160	28,205
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	35	20	15
Japanese	995	325	670	4,875	1,715	3,160
Kartvelian languages	60	35	25	230	130	105
Georgian	60	35	25	230	130	100
Korean	6,095	2,900	3,195	17,920	8,485	9,435
Mongolic languages	80	35	45	545	255	290
Mongolian	75	35	45	540	255	290
Niger-Congo languages	7,080	3,580	3,500	15,360	7,870	7,495
Akan (Twi)	855	445	410	1,755	915	835
Bamanankan	20	10	5	35	20	15
Edo	135	65	65	275	155	120
Ewe	120	70	45	245	145	100
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	135	70	60	230	120	100
Ga	65	35	30	145	80	65
Ganda	200	100	100	280	145	135
Igbo	305	165	145	1,165	625	540
Lingala	155	80	80	270	130	140
Rundi (Kirundi)	390	190	195	605	305	295
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	605	300	305	805	405	400
Shona	520	255	270	1,100	545	555
Swahili	1,220	590	625	2,380	1,160	1,215
Wolof	135	85	45	280	165	110
Yoruba	675	380	300	2,435	1,305	1,125
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,555	735	820	3,370	1,640	1,735
Nilo-Saharan languages	740	375	360	2,720	1,395	1,330
Dinka	335	175	165	1,345	705	640
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	410	210	200	1,375	685	690
Sign languages	315	160	155	830	440	390
American Sign Language	150	70	85	335	165	165
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	160	90	75	495	275	225
Sino-Tibetan languages	47,070	22,265	24,810	122,450	57,740	64,705
Chinese languages	46,385	21,900	24,490	120,375	56,675	63,700
Cantonese	22,360	10,460	11,900	59,145	27,755	31,385
Hakka	610	285	320	990	465	530
Mandarin	19,570	9,305	10,265	50,660	23,940	26,720
Min Dong	70	30	40	115	50	65
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,230	560	665	3,060	1,375	1,695
Wu (Shanghainese)	230	120	120	630	305	330
Chinese, n.o.s.	2,290	1,130	1,160	5,725	2,770	2,955
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	40	15	25
Tibeto-Burman languages	690	365	320	2,075	1,065	1,005
Burmese	135	70	60	430	230	200
Karenic languages	430	230	195	795	415	380
Tibetan	20	15	10	575	295	275
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	95	50	55	275	130	140
Tai-Kadai languages	945	365	580	2,670	955	1,710
Lao	370	185	190	1,020	485	535
Thai	560	180	385	1,630	465	1,165
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	15	5	10	20	10	15
Turkic languages	2,015	1,125	890	4,050	2,250	1,800
Azerbaijani	115	70	45	365	215	155
Turkish	1,690	935	755	3,140	1,760	1,375
Uyghur	55	35	20	130	70	60
Uzbek	110	60	45	205	115	90
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	45	20	20	215	95	120
Uralic languages	1,615	765	850	7,470	3,600	3,870
Estonian	35	15	20	190	90	105
Finnish	185	75	110	810	330	480
Hungarian	1,390	675	715	6,470	3,185	3,285
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	220	125	90	690	415	280
Multiple responses	31,455	15,340	16,120	92,070	44,900	47,175
English and French	3,140	1,545	1,600	10,230	4,950	5,280
English and non-official language	26,595	12,940	13,655	77,520	37,815	39,705
French and non-official language	1,135	565	575	2,685	1,375	1,305
English, French and non-official language	580	295	285	1,640	760	880
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	1,050,030	523,450	526,580	4,026,655	2,020,510	2,006,145
Single responses	982,250	490,335	491,925	3,837,615	1,928,230	1,909,385
Official languages	814,680	408,025	406,655	3,354,885	1,690,490	1,664,395
English	805,715	403,460	402,255	3,327,255	1,676,360	1,650,895
French	8,965	4,570	4,395	27,630	14,130	13,500
Non-official languages	167,575	82,305	85,265	482,725	237,740	244,990
Aboriginal languages	420	190	230	9,970	4,940	5,020
Algonquian languages	350	165	190	7,175	3,575	3,605
Blackfoot	10	5	5	1,110	555	555
Cree-Montagnais languages	330	150	175	5,875	2,925	2,945
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	15	10	5	20	10	10
Plains Cree	50	25	30	125	60	60
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	5	0	5
Woods Cree	20	5	15	600	300	295
Cree, n.o.s.	250	120	135	5,120	2,540	2,575
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	5	5	5	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	5	5	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	190	95	95
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	10	5	5	185	90	95
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	20	5	15	620	320	300
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	5	15	620	325	300
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	10	5	0
Carrier	0	0	5	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	10	5	10	540	280	260
Dogrib (Tlicho)	5	0	0	5	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	5	0	5
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	5	0	5	60	35	30
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	5	0	5	55	30	25
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	5	10	0	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	0	5
Iroquoian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	5	0	10	5	5
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	30	10	15	2,125	1,025	1,095
Dakota	10	5	5	175	85	85
Stoney	15	5	5	1,945	935	1,010
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	15	10	5	25	15	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	167,155	82,115	85,040	472,760	232,800	239,965
Afro-Asiatic languages	20,215	10,255	9,960	43,770	22,535	21,235
Berber languages	95	45	50	200	105	95
Kabyle	50	25	25	90	45	40
Berber languages, n.i.e.	40	20	25	105	60	45
Cushitic languages	5,845	2,930	2,920	9,220	4,750	4,470
Bilen	210	120	90	280	160	115
Oromo	885	450	435	2,075	1,060	1,015
Somali	4,740	2,350	2,385	6,850	3,520	3,325
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	15	5	10
Semitic languages	14,250	7,265	6,985	34,310	17,660	16,655
Amharic	1,695	805	890	4,915	2,390	2,530
Arabic	10,485	5,390	5,090	24,230	12,555	11,675
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	40	20	25	260	130	130
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	20	10	5	95	50	40
Harari	110	55	60	165	80	85
Hebrew	190	100	90	460	235	225
Maltese	10	5	5	15	10	10
Tigrigna	1,655	855	795	3,955	2,095	1,860
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	20	210	110	100
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	45	20	20
Austro-Asiatic languages	6,175	2,850	3,325	16,355	7,635	8,715
Khmer (Cambodian)	385	185	205	960	460	500
Vietnamese	5,785	2,670	3,115	15,380	7,175	8,205
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	0	10
Austronesian languages	21,440	10,075	11,370	60,860	28,765	32,100
Bikol	15	5	5	70	40	35
Cebuano	785	380	405	2,110	1,015	1,090
Fijian	25	15	15	45	25	20
Hiligaynon	185	85	105	470	215	255
Ilocano	580	275	305	1,975	935	1,035
Malagasy	5	5	5	20	10	10
Malay	130	60	65	405	205	195
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	125	60	65	220	110	110
Pangasinan	25	10	15	45	20	30
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	19,470	9,135	10,335	55,105	26,005	29,100
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	125	60	60
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	85	40	40	280	120	155
Creole languages	560	285	280	970	495	475
Haitian Creole	40	20	20	50	25	25
Creole, n.o.s.	370	195	175	655	345	310
Creole languages, n.i.e.	145	70	80	270	125	140
Dravidian languages	4,285	2,210	2,075	8,460	4,335	4,125
Kannada	75	35	40	210	105	105
Malayalam	2,265	1,165	1,105	4,060	2,070	1,990
Tamil	1,385	730	650	2,915	1,515	1,395
Telugu	555	280	280	1,245	635	615
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	30	10	15
Hmong-Mien languages	10	5	5	70	35	35
Indo-European languages	71,665	35,925	35,745	230,270	115,280	114,995
Albanian	365	195	170	1,060	570	485
Armenian	75	40	35	215	115	105
Balto-Slavic languages	12,045	5,850	6,195	30,220	14,820	15,400
Baltic languages	115	50	60	410	210	200
Latvian	45	20	25	165	85	80
Lithuanian	65	35	35	250	125	120
Slavic languages	11,940	5,795	6,140	29,815	14,610	15,205
Belarusan	10	5	5	15	10	5
Bosnian	300	150	145	785	400	385
Bulgarian	280	140	140	825	415	405
Croatian	880	450	430	1,800	905	895
Czech	240	125	115	875	440	430
Macedonian	85	45	40	175	90	85
Polish	3,535	1,655	1,875	7,705	3,675	4,030
Russian	3,045	1,500	1,545	10,145	4,965	5,175
Serbian	965	485	485	2,100	1,045	1,055
Serbo-Croatian	110	50	55	315	160	155
Slovak	130	60	65	710	345	365
Slovene (Slovenian)	60	30	25	150	70	75
Ukrainian	2,275	1,085	1,195	4,180	2,060	2,110
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	55	30	25
Celtic languages	10	5	5	40	25	15
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	15	15	5
Welsh	0	0	0	15	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	10	5	0
Germanic languages	2,010	960	1,045	40,915	20,280	20,625
Afrikaans	210	110	105	1,705	835	875
Danish	35	15	20	150	75	75
Dutch	170	85	90	1,980	985	1,000
Frisian	5	0	5	60	30	30
German	1,495	705	790	36,295	18,010	18,290
Icelandic	15	10	5	30	15	15
Norwegian	10	5	5	60	20	35
Swedish	55	25	30	145	65	80
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	5	5	60	30	25
Yiddish	0	0	0	15	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	425	215	210
Greek	340	175	170	1,015	490	525
Indo-Iranian languages	41,860	21,245	20,615	111,975	56,535	55,445
Indo-Aryan languages	37,795	19,195	18,605	98,610	49,790	48,815
Bengali	1,435	740	695	4,530	2,300	2,225
Gujarati	3,605	1,830	1,775	8,025	4,085	3,935
Hindi	4,955	2,520	2,435	9,945	5,115	4,825
Kashmiri	5	5	0	50	20	25
Konkani	40	20	15	75	40	40
Marathi	325	165	155	845	440	405
Nepali	1,365	715	650	3,710	1,905	1,805
Oriya (Odia)	35	15	15	95	50	45
Punjabi (Panjabi)	19,905	10,125	9,775	51,010	25,720	25,295
Sindhi	450	225	230	1,240	575	665
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	745	390	360	1,480	750	730
Urdu	4,930	2,445	2,490	17,600	8,795	8,810
Iranian languages	3,950	2,000	1,945	12,720	6,415	6,305
Kurdish	370	195	175	850	440	410
Pashto	410	220	195	1,640	845	795
Persian (Farsi)	3,160	1,585	1,580	10,230	5,135	5,100
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	115	55	65	650	325	325
Italic (Romance) languages	14,960	7,460	7,500	44,830	22,445	22,385
Catalan	10	5	10	35	10	20
Italian	1,370	620	745	2,840	1,275	1,560
Portuguese	1,820	865	955	3,905	1,875	2,030
Romanian	1,310	650	655	4,135	2,115	2,020
Spanish	10,445	5,315	5,130	33,910	17,160	16,755
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	10	5	5
Japanese	450	180	270	2,245	945	1,300
Kartvelian languages	50	25	25	160	85	70
Georgian	50	30	25	160	85	70
Korean	4,435	2,180	2,260	12,775	6,205	6,570
Mongolic languages	45	20	25	335	160	175
Mongolian	50	25	30	335	155	175
Niger-Congo languages	2,875	1,385	1,490	5,600	2,725	2,875
Akan (Twi)	425	205	225	845	415	430
Bamanankan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Edo	35	20	15	70	35	35
Ewe	40	25	20	80	45	35
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	55	30	25	105	55	45
Ga	15	10	5	40	20	20
Ganda	75	35	45	95	50	50
Igbo	85	35	45	265	125	145
Lingala	35	20	20	85	35	45
Rundi (Kirundi)	190	90	100	280	135	145
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	285	145	140	350	175	170
Shona	200	90	110	410	190	225
Swahili	585	275	310	1,090	530	565
Wolof	90	45	40	170	95	75
Yoruba	270	140	130	690	340	350
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	485	220	265	1,015	485	535
Nilo-Saharan languages	370	190	180	1,525	765	755
Dinka	205	110	90	800	420	380
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	165	75	90	725	350	375
Sign languages	405	235	170	1,095	630	465
American Sign Language	170	85	80	325	170	155
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	235	145	90	765	455	310
Sino-Tibetan languages	31,925	15,150	16,780	82,380	39,230	43,155
Chinese languages	31,395	14,875	16,525	80,880	38,455	42,420
Cantonese	14,585	6,745	7,835	38,275	17,810	20,460
Hakka	210	90	120	315	135	185
Mandarin	14,495	7,035	7,460	37,125	18,030	19,095
Min Dong	15	5	10	20	5	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	545	235	310	1,245	540	705
Wu (Shanghainese)	120	65	60	340	175	165
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,415	695	720	3,550	1,760	1,785
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	530	275	250	1,500	770	730
Burmese	90	50	40	280	145	130
Karenic languages	355	190	165	665	340	320
Tibetan	20	15	10	420	220	200
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	60	25	35	140	65	75
Tai-Kadai languages	440	210	230	1,130	505	625
Lao	185	90	95	465	215	245
Thai	255	120	140	655	285	370
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	10	5	10
Turkic languages	1,275	685	590	2,390	1,270	1,120
Azerbaijani	55	30	20	155	90	75
Turkish	1,105	590	520	1,945	1,030	915
Uyghur	30	20	15	80	45	40
Uzbek	70	35	35	135	70	65
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	70	35	25
Uralic languages	460	220	245	2,130	1,040	1,085
Estonian	0	5	5	25	10	15
Finnish	25	10	15	105	50	50
Hungarian	430	210	225	1,995	980	1,015
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	70	35	30	240	140	95
Multiple responses	67,775	33,120	34,660	189,040	92,280	96,760
English and French	2,300	1,155	1,145	6,885	3,410	3,475
English and non-official language	63,660	31,070	32,580	178,070	86,895	91,170
French and non-official language	560	270	290	1,125	540	580
English, French and non-official language	1,265	625	640	2,965	1,430	1,530
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	1,050,030	523,450	526,580	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
None	870,080	435,560	434,525	3,492,295	1,760,240	1,732,055
English	75,345	37,690	37,655	221,305	110,655	110,650
French	11,470	5,390	6,075	41,840	19,470	22,375
Non-official language	89,650	43,040	46,615	262,255	125,640	136,615
Aboriginal	1,840	720	1,120	17,430	8,325	9,105
Non-Aboriginal	87,815	42,320	45,500	244,825	117,315	127,510
English and French	670	345	325	1,535	775	760
English and non-official language	1,815	940	875	4,545	2,345	2,195
French and non-official language	955	465	485	2,795	1,340	1,455
English, French and non-official language	40	25	15	85	50	40
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	852,860	423,585	429,270	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	811,615	403,260	408,355	3,053,470	1,528,275	1,525,190
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,024	53,561	34,452	42,717	54,891	33,213
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	811,770	403,290	408,480	3,054,135	1,528,420	1,525,715
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,254	46,086	31,480	38,067	47,131	30,478
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	752,745	383,200	369,545	2,839,590	1,458,560	1,381,030
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,683	53,222	33,438	42,330	54,528	32,099
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	487,620	198,705	288,915	1,785,065	711,210	1,073,855
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	3,730	2,932	4,028	4,093	3,834	4,185
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	657,605	343,235	314,370	2,473,665	1,301,630	1,172,030
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,881	53,827	35,291	42,679	54,361	32,982
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	852,995	423,740	429,250	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	811,950	403,325	408,625	3,054,555	1,528,100	1,526,455
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	59,230	73,693	44,955	62,778	80,001	45,535
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	812,130	403,360	408,770	3,055,230	1,528,240	1,526,995
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	48,426	58,795	38,195	50,683	62,938	38,417
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	752,945	383,070	369,870	2,840,675	1,458,210	1,382,465
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	59,300	74,007	44,069	62,997	80,282	44,766
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	486,940	198,235	288,705	1,784,345	710,105	1,074,240
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,069	6,925	7,168	7,175	7,298	7,093
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	657,655	342,600	315,055	2,473,665	1,299,805	1,173,855
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	56,430	68,547	43,255	59,343	74,073	43,031
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	852,990	423,745	429,250	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	306,500	173,705	132,800	1,152,385	669,770	482,615
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	63,938	72,450	55,329	64,090	73,781	53,836
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	76,896	87,968	62,413	81,586	94,822	63,218
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	92.8	95.4	88.8	93.3	95.8	89.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	77.2	79.3	73.7	76.5	78.9	72.3
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	7.2	4.6	11.2	6.7	4.2	10.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	852,855	423,590	429,270	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360
Without total income	41,245	20,325	20,920	152,585	74,410	78,170
With total income	811,615	403,265	408,355	3,053,470	1,528,280	1,525,190
Percentage with total income	95.2	95.2	95.1	95.2	95.4	95.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	100,185	39,225	60,965	389,580	146,450	243,130
$10,000 to $19,999	103,365	40,100	63,270	385,235	147,125	238,110
$20,000 to $29,999	96,250	37,655	58,600	364,915	142,810	222,105
$30,000 to $39,999	81,605	35,220	46,385	305,680	131,185	174,490
$40,000 to $49,999	78,880	36,550	42,335	286,615	133,715	152,900
$50,000 to $59,999	70,395	34,955	35,440	247,830	124,720	123,115
$60,000 to $69,999	58,550	32,055	26,485	205,840	114,405	91,430
$70,000 to $79,999	46,640	27,735	18,905	165,640	99,645	65,995
$80,000 to $89,999	36,700	22,520	14,180	132,720	82,700	50,020
$90,000 to $99,999	31,325	19,160	12,160	114,010	70,655	43,350
$100,000 and over	107,710	78,085	29,630	455,410	334,865	120,550
$100,000 to $149,999	71,420	49,705	21,710	274,185	191,710	82,475
$150,000 and over	36,295	28,380	7,915	181,225	143,150	38,075
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	852,855	423,590	429,270	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,365
Without after-tax income	41,090	20,300	20,790	151,915	74,270	77,645
With after-tax income	811,770	403,290	408,480	3,054,135	1,528,420	1,525,715
Percentage with after-tax income	95.2	95.2	95.2	95.3	95.4	95.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	102,355	39,795	62,560	399,005	149,280	249,725
$10,000 to $19,999	108,050	42,050	65,995	402,780	154,330	248,450
$20,000 to $29,999	111,125	44,180	66,945	420,955	166,650	254,300
$30,000 to $39,999	102,575	46,140	56,435	377,590	169,665	207,925
$40,000 to $49,999	98,135	48,065	50,070	347,960	172,595	175,365
$50,000 to $59,999	78,785	43,280	35,515	276,970	153,985	122,985
$60,000 to $69,999	57,785	34,785	23,005	208,265	127,045	81,220
$70,000 to $79,999	43,805	27,025	16,780	160,580	100,970	59,610
$80,000 and over	109,145	77,970	31,180	460,030	333,895	126,140
$80,000 to $89,999	32,800	21,185	11,615	121,015	78,400	42,620
$90,000 to $99,999	21,290	14,790	6,500	82,020	57,375	24,645
$100,000 and over	55,055	41,990	13,060	257,000	198,120	58,875
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	852,855	423,585	429,270	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360
Without employment income	195,250	80,355	114,895	732,385	301,060	431,330
With employment income	657,605	343,235	314,375	2,473,665	1,301,630	1,172,035
Percentage with employment income	77.1	81.0	73.2	77.2	81.2	73.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	64,985	28,815	36,165	273,835	122,830	151,005
$5,000 to $9,999	43,115	17,945	25,165	164,095	68,100	95,990
$10,000 to $19,999	73,260	30,900	42,360	274,105	113,680	160,430
$20,000 to $29,999	61,955	26,065	35,890	235,620	96,855	138,760
$30,000 to $39,999	61,195	27,585	33,610	227,450	100,650	126,805
$40,000 to $49,999	61,490	29,050	32,440	219,155	103,680	115,475
$50,000 to $59,999	57,085	28,580	28,510	195,145	99,285	95,860
$60,000 to $69,999	47,390	26,480	20,910	163,465	92,950	70,515
$70,000 to $79,999	39,015	23,790	15,225	135,150	83,240	51,910
$80,000 and over	148,120	104,030	44,095	585,640	420,365	165,280
$80,000 to $89,999	31,320	19,765	11,555	111,045	71,210	39,835
$90,000 to $99,999	28,030	17,295	10,735	99,785	62,305	37,480
$100,000 and over	88,770	66,970	21,800	374,815	286,855	87,960
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	408,475	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	90,874	...	...	93,835	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	77,855	...	...	80,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	106,810	...	...	366,080	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	48,672	...	...	47,948	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	42,081	...	...	41,502	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	301,665	...	...	1,161,600	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	110,071	...	...	111,435	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	93,804	...	...	94,830	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	408,555	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	117,711	...	...	125,522	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	96,262	...	...	101,361	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	106,875	...	...	365,000	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	60,823	...	...	64,341	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	49,778	...	...	52,116	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	301,680	...	...	1,162,675	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	137,865	...	...	144,729	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	112,729	...	...	116,821	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	408,470	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Under $5,000	6,240	...	...	21,660	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	3,875	...	...	13,555	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5,395	...	...	18,070	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	9,355	...	...	33,045	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	13,480	...	...	51,505	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10,875	...	...	38,615	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	11,430	...	...	42,580	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	12,585	...	...	46,630	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	12,640	...	...	46,520	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	12,960	...	...	46,825	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	26,545	...	...	95,425	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	26,825	...	...	95,340	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	25,770	...	...	92,345	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	24,265	...	...	88,775	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	23,225	...	...	84,570	...	...
$100,000 and over	183,010	...	...	712,215	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	49,970	...	...	184,595	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	38,495	...	...	142,910	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	48,450	...	...	181,960	...	...
$200,000 and over	46,100	...	...	202,745	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	408,475	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Under $5,000	6,555	...	...	23,395	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	3,930	...	...	13,860	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5,525	...	...	18,600	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	9,765	...	...	34,540	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	14,445	...	...	55,010	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	12,420	...	...	44,170	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	13,795	...	...	50,280	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15,300	...	...	55,645	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	16,040	...	...	57,695	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	16,570	...	...	59,195	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	33,560	...	...	119,200	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	32,260	...	...	116,250	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	30,600	...	...	112,675	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	28,800	...	...	106,235	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	25,525	...	...	95,600	...	...
$100,000 and over	143,405	...	...	565,335	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	51,275	...	...	192,795	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	34,990	...	...	132,240	...	...
$150,000 and over	57,140	...	...	240,305	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	282,440	...	...	1,099,900	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	109,047	...	...	109,997	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	92,897	...	...	93,588	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	97,695	...	...	407,300	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	102,965	...	...	101,283	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	87,275	...	...	86,043	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	130,990	...	...	511,375	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	131,410	...	...	133,186	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	110,892	...	...	111,951	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	42,780	...	...	146,045	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	64,843	...	...	62,909	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	58,514	...	...	57,079	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	282,220	...	...	1,101,485	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	138,209	...	...	144,493	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	112,697	...	...	116,343	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	97,700	...	...	408,625	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	135,498	...	...	137,805	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	109,227	...	...	110,236	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	131,105	...	...	512,615	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	161,470	...	...	169,354	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	131,176	...	...	135,623	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	42,490	...	...	145,115	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	78,488	...	...	80,406	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	67,522	...	...	68,470	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	170,210	90,315	79,890	577,475	308,835	268,640
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	42,481	46,599	38,381	42,598	47,903	37,344
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	37,563	40,384	34,607	37,648	41,340	33,785
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	170,225	90,355	79,875	573,385	306,195	267,190
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	53,381	57,946	48,217	56,856	63,468	49,280
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	44,196	47,142	40,863	46,559	50,990	41,481
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	1,041,915	520,080	521,830	3,978,150	1,998,500	1,979,650
In the bottom half of the distribution	403,965	194,720	209,245	1,527,695	739,210	788,485
In the bottom decile	80,300	39,225	41,075	293,490	143,880	149,605
In the second decile	73,410	33,680	39,730	278,635	128,055	150,575
In the third decile	77,050	36,645	40,410	297,695	142,090	155,605
In the fourth decile	82,595	40,425	42,170	315,570	154,815	160,760
In the fifth decile	90,610	44,750	45,860	342,305	170,375	171,935
In the top half of the distribution	637,950	325,360	312,590	2,450,450	1,259,285	1,191,160
In the sixth decile	98,120	48,665	49,450	366,250	183,860	182,390
In the seventh decile	106,520	53,600	52,920	397,275	201,465	195,810
In the eighth decile	120,710	61,490	59,220	443,585	227,385	216,200
In the ninth decile	141,440	72,395	69,050	522,545	268,995	253,555
In the top decile	171,160	89,210	81,950	720,795	377,585	343,215
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	1,041,915	520,085	521,835	3,925,220	1,971,735	1,953,485
0 to 17 years	223,455	114,220	109,230	893,255	458,330	434,925
0 to 5 years	80,150	40,800	39,350	310,080	158,825	151,260
18 to 64 years	699,620	351,345	348,275	2,580,730	1,298,440	1,282,295
65 years and over	118,845	54,510	64,335	451,235	214,965	236,265
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	104,820	49,430	55,385	363,890	171,945	191,940
0 to 17 years	32,950	16,885	16,065	114,215	58,665	55,555
0 to 5 years	12,755	6,540	6,215	41,755	21,350	20,400
18 to 64 years	62,610	29,240	33,370	210,870	98,415	112,455
65 years and over	9,260	3,310	5,950	38,800	14,875	23,925
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.1	9.5	10.6	9.3	8.7	9.8
0 to 17 years (%)	14.7	14.8	14.7	12.8	12.8	12.8
0 to 5 years (%)	15.9	16.0	15.8	13.5	13.4	13.5
18 to 64 years (%)	8.9	8.3	9.6	8.2	7.6	8.8
65 years and over (%)	7.8	6.1	9.2	8.6	6.9	10.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	95,835	46,655	49,180	273,515	134,180	139,335
0 to 17 years	26,675	13,630	13,050	76,930	39,385	37,550
0 to 5 years	10,340	5,290	5,050	28,190	14,420	13,770
18 to 64 years	64,000	31,085	32,915	181,805	88,715	93,095
65 years and over	5,160	1,945	3,210	14,780	6,085	8,695
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.2	9.0	9.4	7.0	6.8	7.1
0 to 17 years (%)	11.9	11.9	11.9	8.6	8.6	8.6
0 to 5 years (%)	12.9	13.0	12.8	9.1	9.1	9.1
18 to 64 years (%)	9.1	8.8	9.5	7.0	6.8	7.3
65 years and over (%)	4.3	3.6	5.0	3.3	2.8	3.7
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	1,042,145	520,150	522,000	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645
Official languages	1,022,335	512,215	510,120	3,920,530	1,974,435	1,946,095
English	1,020,840	511,585	509,250	3,916,805	1,972,800	1,944,005
French	79,270	37,370	41,900	264,600	123,940	140,660
Non-official languages	372,490	181,415	191,075	1,082,425	527,770	554,655
Aboriginal languages	3,730	1,500	2,230	36,465	17,415	19,045
Algonquian languages	3,165	1,220	1,945	29,675	14,120	15,555
Blackfoot	35	10	30	5,575	2,665	2,905
Cree-Montagnais languages	3,015	1,165	1,850	23,465	11,155	12,310
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	20	10	15	25	0	15
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	10	0	10	90	20	70
Plains Cree	890	335	555	1,580	620	965
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	10	10	0
Swampy Cree	25	10	15	45	25	25
Woods Cree	230	100	130	1,135	525	610
Cree, n.o.s.	1,845	710	1,135	20,665	9,990	10,675
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	10	0	35	15	15
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	10	10	0	35	15	15
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	130	45	90	955	425	530
Algonquin	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ojibway	125	40	85	925	415	505
Oji-Cree	10	10	0	20	10	15
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Athabaskan languages	280	115	165	2,640	1,255	1,385
Northern Athabaskan languages	280	115	165	2,630	1,250	1,380
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Beaver	10	0	0	85	50	35
Carrier	25	0	15	45	10	35
Chilcotin	10	10	0	20	15	10
Dene	180	70	115	2,010	975	1,035
Dogrib (Tlicho)	40	20	20	75	30	45
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	150	65	85
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	30	20	10	285	140	145
North Slavey (Hare)	15	10	0	25	15	10
South Slavey	10	10	0	190	90	100
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	10	0	75	35	45
Tahltan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	10	0	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haida	10	10	0	10	0	10
Inuit languages	60	25	30	135	50	80
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	10	0	10	35	10	25
Inuktitut	30	10	20	60	20	35
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	15	20	0	40	25	20
Iroquoian languages	10	0	0	40	25	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	10	0
Mohawk	10	10	0	35	25	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	10
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	50	25	20	145	75	70
Salish languages	25	10	10	50	25	25
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	10	0	10	10	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	10	10	0	15	10	10
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	10	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	10	10	0	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Siouan languages	155	85	70	4,050	2,005	2,045
Dakota	75	45	30	530	285	245
Stoney	85	45	40	3,650	1,790	1,855
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tlingit	0	10	0	10	0	0
Tsimshian languages	20	10	10	35	15	15
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	10	0	0	20	10	10
Nisga'a	15	10	10	15	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	10	10	0	10	10	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	15	15
Non-Aboriginal languages	368,890	179,980	188,910	1,046,245	510,495	535,750
Afro-Asiatic languages	44,015	22,805	21,205	96,210	50,675	45,535
Berber languages	205	105	95	540	335	205
Kabyle	85	45	40	225	125	90
Berber languages, n.i.e.	120	60	60	315	210	110
Cushitic languages	9,780	4,980	4,800	15,445	8,055	7,385
Bilen	240	140	100	370	235	135
Oromo	1,205	645	555	3,125	1,625	1,500
Somali	8,385	4,215	4,165	12,030	6,240	5,795
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	55	20	40
Semitic languages	35,215	18,350	16,860	82,200	43,405	38,800
Amharic	4,080	2,070	2,005	10,870	5,595	5,275
Arabic	27,545	14,495	13,055	62,730	33,365	29,370
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	65	40	30	430	225	210
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	20	20	10	150	70	75
Harari	240	100	140	340	150	185
Hebrew	1,425	750	680	3,250	1,650	1,600
Maltese	60	30	30	145	85	55
Tigrigna	3,130	1,585	1,540	7,315	3,915	3,400
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	160	85	75	450	250	205
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	150	85	60	375	225	145
Austro-Asiatic languages	12,605	5,885	6,725	32,730	15,440	17,290
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,080	510	565	2,700	1,375	1,330
Vietnamese	11,580	5,400	6,180	30,150	14,130	16,015
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	15	0	10
Austronesian languages	49,920	21,975	27,945	145,745	63,615	82,130
Bikol	60	30	30	330	150	180
Cebuano	2,385	1,070	1,315	6,690	2,940	3,750
Fijian	135	90	50	340	195	145
Hiligaynon	510	210	300	1,760	745	1,020
Ilocano	2,325	970	1,350	7,370	3,160	4,215
Malagasy	15	10	10	80	40	40
Malay	1,125	515	610	3,040	1,435	1,610
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	480	215	270	1,185	565	625
Pangasinan	165	70	95	445	190	250
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	47,350	20,780	26,575	138,440	60,115	78,325
Waray-Waray	105	30	70	420	170	245
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	405	165	240	1,160	505	650
Creole languages	2,050	1,100	950	4,585	2,390	2,195
Haitian Creole	115	65	50	255	140	115
Creole, n.o.s.	1,210	670	540	2,675	1,425	1,250
Creole languages, n.i.e.	730	370	365	1,680	840	850
Dravidian languages	8,655	4,555	4,100	18,190	9,660	8,525
Kannada	370	175	195	1,035	520	515
Malayalam	4,395	2,255	2,140	8,150	4,255	3,900
Tamil	3,045	1,655	1,385	7,195	3,900	3,295
Telugu	1,345	720	630	2,910	1,560	1,345
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	65	40	25	150	80	70
Hmong-Mien languages	30	15	10	115	55	55
Indo-European languages	178,535	88,710	89,825	550,490	274,510	275,980
Albanian	880	485	390	2,880	1,550	1,325
Armenian	190	75	115	530	255	275
Balto-Slavic languages	36,175	17,025	19,155	93,150	44,750	48,395
Baltic languages	510	240	270	1,360	660	705
Latvian	230	110	125	590	300	290
Lithuanian	280	135	150	775	360	415
Slavic languages	35,885	16,885	19,000	92,300	44,340	47,960
Belarusan	95	50	45	200	95	105
Bosnian	1,105	540	570	2,880	1,450	1,435
Bulgarian	525	260	260	1,795	945	850
Croatian	2,655	1,455	1,195	6,280	3,260	3,025
Czech	880	395	490	3,590	1,650	1,940
Macedonian	225	100	125	535	270	265
Polish	10,220	4,980	5,235	23,650	11,455	12,195
Russian	8,580	4,055	4,525	27,375	13,195	14,175
Serbian	2,370	1,145	1,230	5,355	2,630	2,730
Serbo-Croatian	420	200	220	1,095	550	540
Slovak	620	345	275	2,780	1,495	1,285
Slovene (Slovenian)	265	135	130	735	360	375
Ukrainian	12,650	5,395	7,250	26,600	11,980	14,620
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	100	45	50	250	120	130
Celtic languages	380	220	160	1,180	615	560
Scottish Gaelic	140	65	70	440	215	225
Welsh	80	50	35	315	180	130
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	160	100	65	450	220	225
Germanic languages	22,075	10,825	11,245	112,670	56,325	56,345
Afrikaans	975	495	475	5,165	2,655	2,515
Danish	595	270	330	2,800	1,360	1,440
Dutch	3,535	1,715	1,820	19,480	9,595	9,890
Frisian	65	45	20	475	275	205
German	16,365	8,120	8,240	83,010	41,905	41,105
Icelandic	45	20	30	160	70	95
Norwegian	390	155	235	1,450	635	810
Swedish	480	250	230	1,635	800	835
Vlaams (Flemish)	40	10	35	380	170	215
Yiddish	65	35	30	250	130	115
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	2,115	1,095	1,015
Greek	1,415	685	725	4,935	2,535	2,400
Indo-Iranian languages	76,510	39,445	37,065	206,725	106,045	100,675
Indo-Aryan languages	69,940	35,975	33,965	186,005	95,045	90,960
Bengali	2,790	1,475	1,315	8,530	4,385	4,140
Gujarati	7,415	3,690	3,725	18,005	8,945	9,055
Hindi	26,705	13,935	12,775	61,290	31,900	29,385
Kashmiri	45	30	20	125	80	45
Konkani	160	70	95	625	300	320
Marathi	825	455	365	2,575	1,385	1,195
Nepali	1,935	1,045	885	5,510	3,000	2,510
Oriya (Odia)	100	55	45	255	135	120
Punjabi (Panjabi)	34,665	17,875	16,790	90,485	46,350	44,135
Sindhi	1,720	795	930	4,595	2,065	2,530
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,740	885	845	3,800	1,925	1,875
Urdu	11,960	6,215	5,745	41,235	21,245	20,000
Iranian languages	7,070	3,715	3,355	22,140	11,665	10,475
Kurdish	830	510	325	1,930	1,100	825
Pashto	810	440	370	3,330	1,795	1,530
Persian (Farsi)	5,650	2,915	2,740	17,600	9,220	8,375
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	450	245	205	1,760	960	805
Italic (Romance) languages	45,070	22,115	22,955	142,340	69,885	72,450
Catalan	75	45	35	170	95	80
Italian	7,785	3,865	3,920	19,900	9,875	10,020
Portuguese	5,570	2,745	2,830	12,670	6,255	6,415
Romanian	2,920	1,495	1,420	9,915	5,185	4,735
Spanish	30,305	14,750	15,555	104,445	50,960	53,490
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	90	40	45	250	130	125
Japanese	2,330	1,015	1,320	9,215	4,115	5,100
Kartvelian languages	65	25	35	225	130	100
Georgian	60	25	40	230	130	100
Korean	6,785	3,205	3,575	19,950	9,405	10,545
Mongolic languages	145	65	85	800	375	430
Mongolian	145	65	85	800	370	430
Niger-Congo languages	12,765	6,480	6,280	29,430	14,980	14,450
Akan (Twi)	1,390	690	700	2,925	1,505	1,420
Bamanankan	25	15	15	60	30	30
Edo	240	110	130	620	325	290
Ewe	150	85	70	335	170	165
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	155	80	80	300	165	135
Ga	185	100	90	345	190	155
Ganda	425	210	220	610	305	305
Igbo	600	330	270	2,550	1,345	1,210
Lingala	710	350	365	1,240	640	605
Rundi (Kirundi)	585	275	305	830	420	410
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	905	480	430	1,155	605	550
Shona	895	440	450	1,810	850	960
Swahili	3,405	1,810	1,595	6,700	3,470	3,235
Wolof	225	130	90	600	365	235
Yoruba	1,580	825	755	5,930	3,035	2,890
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	3,195	1,575	1,630	6,585	3,265	3,320
Nilo-Saharan languages	920	450	470	3,070	1,495	1,575
Dinka	565	260	305	1,655	825	825
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	355	190	165	1,425	675	750
Sign languages	2,265	900	1,370	5,910	2,350	3,555
American Sign Language	1,350	480	870	3,085	1,130	1,955
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	10
Sign languages, n.i.e.	930	415	510	2,855	1,230	1,625
Sino-Tibetan languages	54,115	26,130	27,985	141,860	67,945	73,915
Chinese languages	53,310	25,710	27,600	139,385	66,700	72,685
Cantonese	28,305	13,535	14,775	74,770	35,490	39,280
Hakka	685	300	385	1,180	515	660
Mandarin	27,655	13,200	14,455	70,510	33,310	37,195
Min Dong	20	10	15	85	50	40
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,565	705	860	4,140	1,765	2,380
Wu (Shanghainese)	260	120	140	855	380	470
Chinese, n.o.s.	2,330	1,175	1,160	6,335	3,160	3,175
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	55	25	35
Tibeto-Burman languages	825	430	395	2,590	1,290	1,300
Burmese	235	120	115	605	305	295
Karenic languages	455	230	220	805	415	390
Tibetan	45	25	20	860	430	430
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	150	85	65	445	215	235
Tai-Kadai languages	1,200	485	715	3,705	1,510	2,195
Lao	535	250	290	1,520	730	795
Thai	760	255	505	2,400	850	1,545
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	45	25	25
Turkic languages	2,835	1,555	1,280	5,795	3,180	2,625
Azerbaijani	240	130	115	630	325	300
Turkish	2,315	1,290	1,030	4,255	2,420	1,835
Uyghur	145	65	75	290	135	155
Uzbek	150	80	70	425	200	225
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	65	30	40	355	170	180
Uralic languages	2,035	965	1,065	8,895	4,315	4,575
Estonian	30	20	15	185	85	105
Finnish	355	135	210	1,045	455	590
Hungarian	1,655	810	840	7,660	3,770	3,890
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	675	395	285	1,820	1,025	790
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	1,042,145	520,150	521,995	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,645
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	916,660	457,820	458,840	3,622,740	1,825,135	1,797,600
Canadian citizens aged under 18	202,750	103,600	99,150	854,815	439,065	415,755
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	713,910	354,220	359,690	2,767,920	1,386,070	1,381,850
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	125,485	62,335	63,155	355,410	173,365	182,045
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	1,042,145	520,150	521,995	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,650
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	727,520	365,455	362,070	3,062,775	1,550,445	1,512,335
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	288,100	140,870	147,235	845,220	412,320	432,895
Before 1981	53,865	26,830	27,035	163,460	81,620	81,840
1981 to 1990	31,835	15,605	16,225	86,350	41,690	44,660
1991 to 2000	44,470	20,895	23,575	131,560	62,930	68,630
2001 to 2010	83,430	41,000	42,420	256,055	125,235	130,820
2001 to 2005	34,750	16,925	17,825	109,145	53,425	55,720
2006 to 2010	48,675	24,080	24,595	146,910	71,810	75,100
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	74,510	36,535	37,980	207,790	100,845	106,945
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	26,525	13,830	12,695	70,155	35,735	34,420
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	288,105	140,870	147,235	845,220	412,320	432,895
Under 5 years	26,685	13,855	12,835	82,175	42,200	39,975
5 to 14 years	48,915	25,285	23,625	149,815	77,820	71,995
15 to 24 years	59,330	27,165	32,165	168,965	78,215	90,755
25 to 44 years	129,000	63,305	65,690	372,805	180,265	192,535
45 years and over	24,175	11,265	12,915	71,450	33,820	37,630
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	288,105	140,870	147,235	845,215	412,325	432,895
Americas	28,480	13,780	14,700	103,540	49,345	54,190
Brazil	735	305	435	2,545	1,100	1,440
Colombia	2,515	1,280	1,235	9,535	4,570	4,960
El Salvador	2,985	1,530	1,460	7,255	3,725	3,530
Guyana	1,330	605	730	2,555	1,200	1,355
Haiti	510	280	230	1,270	675	600
Jamaica	2,615	1,185	1,430	6,845	3,170	3,680
Mexico	2,195	1,105	1,095	15,665	7,860	7,805
Peru	500	195	305	1,920	780	1,140
Trinidad and Tobago	1,495	740	755	3,415	1,670	1,750
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	7,015	3,330	3,685	30,460	13,675	16,785
Other places of birth in Americas	6,575	3,235	3,345	22,075	10,925	11,150
Europe	55,875	27,655	28,225	189,770	95,355	94,415
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,835	935	905	4,555	2,325	2,230
Croatia	1,350	720	630	3,080	1,615	1,465
France	640	280	360	2,535	1,215	1,320
Germany	5,555	2,745	2,815	19,205	9,485	9,715
Greece	590	335	255	2,005	1,115	890
Hungary	860	435	425	3,665	1,880	1,785
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	1,330	700	635	3,935	2,100	1,835
Italy	3,265	1,715	1,545	8,110	4,370	3,745
Netherlands	2,740	1,490	1,255	14,035	7,420	6,610
Poland	7,225	3,475	3,750	16,925	8,045	8,880
Portugal	2,355	1,165	1,190	4,050	1,985	2,070
Romania	2,245	1,140	1,105	7,725	3,930	3,795
Russian Federation	2,075	895	1,180	7,260	3,135	4,125
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	835	370	460	2,255	1,080	1,170
Ukraine	3,595	1,560	2,030	8,150	3,700	4,455
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	13,230	6,740	6,490	59,215	30,280	28,935
Other places of birth in Europe	6,155	2,950	3,205	23,060	11,670	11,390
Africa	36,040	18,620	17,420	89,740	46,705	43,030
Algeria	360	190	175	1,340	715	625
Egypt	1,995	1,125	870	5,320	2,940	2,375
Ethiopia	4,000	2,040	1,955	10,570	5,355	5,215
Kenya	1,890	960	925	5,120	2,555	2,565
Morocco	790	485	300	1,695	1,005	695
Nigeria	3,135	1,670	1,460	12,405	6,520	5,880
Somalia	4,580	2,250	2,330	7,060	3,665	3,395
South Africa, Republic of	1,975	935	1,040	7,355	3,670	3,685
Other places of birth in Africa	17,325	8,960	8,365	38,865	20,275	18,590
Asia	163,770	78,875	84,900	452,225	215,955	236,265
Afghanistan	1,470	760	710	5,190	2,765	2,430
Bangladesh	1,590	805	790	5,085	2,590	2,500
China^{Census data footnote 59}	19,320	8,875	10,450	57,690	26,510	31,185
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	7,255	3,530	3,730	19,110	9,265	9,850
India	37,570	19,190	18,380	91,660	46,625	45,035
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	2,620	1,380	1,235	8,910	4,655	4,250
Iraq	2,060	1,115	945	5,935	3,205	2,730
Japan	625	170	455	3,065	905	2,160
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	4,695	2,205	2,490	13,850	6,530	7,320
Lebanon	4,850	2,620	2,225	10,395	5,640	4,750
Pakistan	8,040	4,115	3,925	28,075	14,630	13,445
Philippines	42,790	18,875	23,915	123,830	54,075	69,755
Sri Lanka	2,040	1,010	1,030	4,835	2,475	2,365
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	2,015	1,090	920	4,800	2,515	2,280
Taiwan	980	430	550	3,455	1,460	2,000
Viet Nam	10,250	4,790	5,455	27,080	12,645	14,435
Other places of birth in Asia	15,615	7,910	7,700	39,250	19,485	19,765
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	3,930	1,940	1,990	9,940	4,950	4,990
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	74,510	36,530	37,980	207,790	100,845	106,945
Americas	5,380	2,550	2,825	20,060	9,660	10,400
Brazil	260	110	150	860	370	490
Colombia	530	225	305	2,295	1,020	1,275
Cuba	200	90	115	465	215	255
Haiti	175	95	75	385	240	150
Jamaica	630	275	355	1,660	765	895
Mexico	885	470	415	4,405	2,250	2,150
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	1,310	605	705	4,645	2,130	2,515
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	220	85	135	1,570	745	820
Other places of birth in Americas	1,170	605	560	3,785	1,930	1,855
Europe	6,520	3,335	3,180	20,870	10,830	10,045
France	95	50	45	425	240	180
Germany	415	240	175	1,370	710	655
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	490	305	185	1,355	835	520
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	200	90	110	715	365	350
Romania	375	175	200	1,100	545	555
Russian Federation	410	155	260	1,235	430	805
Ukraine	865	400	465	2,340	1,060	1,280
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	1,450	815	630	6,225	3,570	2,650
Other places of birth in Europe	2,215	1,110	1,110	6,100	3,065	3,040
Africa	11,620	5,885	5,730	27,770	14,165	13,610
Algeria	40	15	30	255	115	135
Cameroon	365	175	195	1,055	515	545
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	515	240	280	805	365	440
Côte d'Ivoire	285	125	155	420	210	210
Egypt	730	395	330	1,940	1,045	895
Eritrea	990	520	470	2,390	1,335	1,055
Ethiopia	1,215	630	585	3,445	1,670	1,780
Morocco	245	145	100	515	265	250
Nigeria	1,525	810	715	6,110	3,200	2,910
Somalia	1,390	685	705	2,120	1,110	1,010
South Africa, Republic of	475	230	245	1,590	800	785
Tunisia	150	80	70	255	135	125
Other places of birth in Africa	3,685	1,835	1,845	6,870	3,400	3,470
Asia	50,335	24,415	25,925	137,110	65,055	72,050
Afghanistan	225	115	105	810	435	375
Bangladesh	555	270	285	1,355	635	715
China^{Census data footnote 59}	3,615	1,635	1,980	10,525	4,700	5,825
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	310	110	195	750	305	450
India	13,270	6,925	6,345	28,820	14,915	13,900
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	860	465	400	3,265	1,665	1,600
Iraq	700	360	345	2,010	1,045	960
Israel	250	135	115	480	250	230
Japan	190	60	130	665	195	475
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	1,455	735	720	3,840	1,710	2,125
Lebanon	755	385	370	1,470	755	710
Nepal	1,085	565	515	2,615	1,380	1,240
Pakistan	1,960	980	985	6,910	3,420	3,490
Philippines	19,715	9,050	10,665	59,390	26,960	32,435
Saudi Arabia	365	205	160	820	435	385
Sri Lanka	750	350	395	1,345	650	695
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,390	740	645	3,340	1,705	1,630
Taiwan	125	40	85	505	165	340
Turkey	200	125	80	390	215	180
United Arab Emirates	305	165	140	810	430	375
Viet Nam	745	295	455	2,040	795	1,240
Other places of birth in Asia	1,520	705	820	4,965	2,285	2,680
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	660	345	315	1,980	1,135	845
Australia	230	115	110	1,065	600	465
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	435	225	210	915	535	375
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	1,042,145	520,150	521,995	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,650
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	320,430	157,615	162,810	938,500	460,015	478,480
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	218,315	109,860	108,450	742,455	374,065	368,390
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	503,405	252,675	250,730	2,297,195	1,164,420	1,132,775
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	238,680	116,320	122,360	694,945	337,380	357,565
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	127,700	64,680	63,020	387,275	195,845	191,430
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	51,935	32,160	19,775	154,700	96,855	57,850
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	75,765	32,520	43,245	232,570	98,990	133,575
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	68,265	28,350	39,915	198,575	81,650	116,920
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	41,115	22,455	18,665	103,785	57,130	46,650
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	1,595	835	760	5,320	2,745	2,570
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	1,042,145	520,150	521,995	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,650
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	55,365	25,815	29,550	258,640	125,445	133,195
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	53,950	25,175	28,780	253,460	123,115	130,340
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	24,270	11,000	13,265	136,585	65,755	70,835
Métis	28,870	13,750	15,120	114,370	56,170	58,200
Inuk (Inuit)	810	420	390	2,500	1,195	1,305
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	855	395	460	2,905	1,350	1,555
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	560	245	315	2,280	975	1,300
Non-Aboriginal identity	986,780	494,335	492,440	3,719,505	1,873,055	1,846,450
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	1,042,145	520,150	521,995	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	21,095	9,350	11,745	123,235	59,065	64,170
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,021,050	510,795	510,250	3,854,915	1,939,430	1,915,475
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	1,042,150	520,150	521,995	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	16,530	7,485	9,045	103,600	50,680	52,915
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	15,695	7,110	8,585	99,940	48,860	51,070
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	10,830	4,845	5,985	81,685	39,815	41,870
Métis single ancestry	4,695	2,190	2,505	17,515	8,690	8,820
Inuit single ancestry	175	75	95	735	355	380
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	835	375	460	3,665	1,820	1,845
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	780	345	435	3,490	1,725	1,765
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	25	15	10	105	55	50
Métis and Inuit ancestries	20	15	0	50	35	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	0	10	20	0	15
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	48,640	23,220	25,420	200,215	97,055	103,160
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	45,990	22,095	23,895	189,830	92,295	97,530
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25,365	12,180	13,185	104,875	50,595	54,280
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	19,930	9,560	10,375	82,585	40,530	42,060
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	690	355	335	2,365	1,170	1,195
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	2,655	1,130	1,525	10,385	4,760	5,625
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,510	1,080	1,430	9,760	4,465	5,295
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	75	25	50	310	155	155
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	55	15	40	270	110	160
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	0	40	25	20
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	976,975	489,440	487,530	3,674,330	1,850,760	1,823,570
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	1,042,145	520,150	521,995	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,645
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	348,895	173,370	175,530	933,165	461,460	471,705
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	88,255	45,580	42,680	230,930	118,535	112,390
Chinese	58,805	28,620	30,190	158,200	77,035	81,165
Black	55,435	28,415	27,020	129,390	66,960	62,440
Filipino	56,970	25,840	31,125	166,195	74,770	91,425
Latin American	17,645	8,995	8,650	55,090	27,560	27,525
Arab	24,845	13,235	11,610	56,700	30,245	26,450
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	16,625	7,985	8,635	43,985	21,025	22,960
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	6,515	3,360	3,155	20,980	11,010	9,965
Korean	7,140	3,425	3,715	21,275	10,130	11,145
Japanese	2,190	830	1,355	12,165	5,495	6,670
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	3,740	1,760	1,985	9,900	4,700	5,205
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	10,720	5,325	5,395	28,360	13,985	14,375
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	693,250	346,780	346,465	3,044,980	1,537,040	1,507,940
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	1,042,145	520,150	521,995	3,978,150	1,998,500	1,979,645
North American Aboriginal origins	65,175	30,710	34,465	303,815	147,735	156,075
First Nations (North American Indian)	39,605	18,495	21,105	200,290	96,845	103,445
Inuit	1,065	515	550	3,900	1,915	1,985
Métis	28,010	13,205	14,805	113,735	55,590	58,150
Other North American origins	203,890	103,560	100,330	955,040	486,735	468,305
Acadian	1,335	750	585	5,545	2,970	2,570
American	15,285	7,365	7,920	72,355	35,480	36,875
Canadian	192,150	97,620	94,530	902,315	460,335	441,975
New Brunswicker	15	10	10	50	35	15
Newfoundlander	460	280	185	1,985	1,135	850
Nova Scotian	60	50	15	190	115	70
Ontarian	10	10	0	110	65	45
Québécois	380	225	160	1,380	750	630
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	65	25	35	415	210	205
European origins	616,035	305,910	310,125	2,580,720	1,292,280	1,288,440
British Isles origins	349,985	174,625	175,360	1,581,265	787,205	794,060
Channel Islander	60	10	50	225	115	115
Cornish	70	40	30	210	90	115
English	191,065	94,370	96,700	899,440	444,010	455,440
Irish	139,380	67,705	71,670	596,750	288,710	308,040
Manx	220	105	115	945	450	495
Scottish	155,605	76,840	78,760	704,205	347,740	356,460
Welsh	18,830	9,160	9,675	80,455	38,715	41,740
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	21,745	10,515	11,235	90,865	44,055	46,815
French origins	106,105	51,355	54,750	411,560	201,160	210,395
Alsatian	85	50	40	200	120	80
Breton	35	20	15	60	25	35
Corsican	85	50	35	125	65	70
French	105,970	51,275	54,695	411,315	201,030	210,290
Western European origins (except French origins)	196,730	96,695	100,035	915,185	455,115	460,065
Austrian	10,595	5,055	5,535	39,530	19,225	20,305
Bavarian	35	15	25	110	60	55
Belgian	4,615	2,185	2,425	21,210	10,320	10,890
Dutch	40,850	20,120	20,735	195,720	97,735	97,990
Flemish	435	205	220	2,005	870	1,140
Frisian	95	75	20	685	380	305
German	152,870	74,915	77,960	712,955	353,755	359,195
Luxembourger	160	85	80	680	355	320
Swiss	4,485	2,300	2,190	24,310	11,905	12,410
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	140	40	100	830	390	440
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	68,545	32,645	35,895	329,990	159,695	170,295
Danish	11,595	5,560	6,040	60,380	29,240	31,135
Finnish	3,965	1,880	2,090	17,755	8,780	8,975
Icelandic	4,040	2,085	1,960	20,225	10,050	10,175
Norwegian	31,745	15,110	16,635	156,595	75,160	81,430
Swedish	21,350	9,630	11,720	97,840	46,445	51,385
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	3,265	1,580	1,685	13,515	7,005	6,505
Eastern European origins	195,045	93,870	101,170	685,270	336,430	348,845
Bulgarian	775	405	375	2,935	1,510	1,425
Byelorussian	970	530	440	2,200	1,165	1,035
Czech	4,615	2,265	2,350	20,865	10,405	10,460
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	2,135	1,050	1,080	10,055	4,800	5,255
Estonian	535	240	290	2,715	1,240	1,470
Hungarian	11,495	5,540	5,950	56,270	27,385	28,885
Latvian	980	440	540	3,245	1,585	1,660
Lithuanian	1,600	770	825	6,090	2,915	3,175
Moldovan	360	155	205	1,585	790	790
Polish	55,885	26,815	29,070	186,510	91,115	95,395
Romanian	9,585	4,655	4,930	34,230	16,520	17,710
Russian	21,725	10,340	11,390	107,800	51,840	55,960
Slovak	2,530	1,225	1,305	11,010	5,495	5,515
Ukrainian	121,485	58,220	63,265	369,090	181,600	187,490
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	535	270	265	1,910	1,015	895
Southern European origins	66,390	33,210	33,175	215,725	107,495	108,230
Albanian	810	445	360	2,935	1,555	1,385
Bosnian	1,440	730	710	3,870	1,985	1,890
Catalan	35	30	0	85	55	25
Croatian	4,630	2,575	2,055	14,220	7,535	6,690
Cypriot	60	40	20	160	90	70
Greek	4,215	2,175	2,040	15,025	7,790	7,235
Italian	28,070	14,175	13,900	101,265	50,975	50,285
Kosovar	175	90	90	420	210	210
Macedonian	380	195	185	1,015	485	535
Maltese	400	220	180	1,560	845	715
Montenegrin	105	70	40	290	185	105
Portuguese	9,515	4,885	4,630	22,385	11,395	10,985
Serbian	3,110	1,510	1,595	7,755	3,875	3,875
Sicilian	85	45	40	330	160	170
Slovenian	1,105	560	550	3,885	2,010	1,875
Spanish	14,945	6,880	8,065	48,055	22,225	25,835
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	1,355	655	690	5,120	2,495	2,625
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	60	35	30	245	120	125
Other European origins	6,140	3,275	2,865	22,805	11,700	11,105
Basque	95	35	60	425	210	215
Jewish	3,245	1,765	1,485	9,780	4,890	4,885
Roma (Gypsy)	100	50	45	465	220	245
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	210	100	105	995	505	490
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	2,530	1,345	1,185	11,255	5,940	5,310
Caribbean origins	13,920	6,920	7,000	36,120	18,050	18,070
Antiguan	130	65	60	455	265	190
Bahamian	100	70	35	310	180	130
Barbadian	780	375	410	2,065	980	1,080
Bermudan	30	20	15	210	120	90
Carib	30	20	15	135	45	85
Cuban	790	420	370	2,175	1,110	1,060
Dominican	320	170	150	930	530	395
Grenadian	335	180	160	595	300	295
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	820	465	360	2,235	1,210	1,025
Jamaican	6,855	3,365	3,485	17,325	8,540	8,785
Kittitian/Nevisian	25	0	20	95	65	30
Martinican	10	0	0	10	0	0
Montserratan	15	0	20	30	10	25
Puerto Rican	85	40	50	460	225	240
St. Lucian	215	110	105	595	295	300
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,290	1,190	1,095	5,180	2,685	2,490
Vincentian/Grenadinian	130	45	80	535	215	325
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	1,020	480	540	2,670	1,275	1,395
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	845	410	435	2,305	1,110	1,200
Latin, Central and South American origins	22,550	11,275	11,280	78,405	39,030	39,375
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	725	310	410	1,980	965	1,015
Arawak	15	15	0	105	30	70
Argentinian	305	180	125	1,385	705	680
Belizean	45	30	20	445	250	190
Bolivian	50	25	30	590	305	285
Brazilian	855	415	440	3,030	1,330	1,700
Chilean	3,640	1,815	1,820	8,105	4,115	3,990
Colombian	3,455	1,715	1,735	12,585	6,060	6,525
Costa Rican	135	65	65	575	270	305
Ecuadorian	245	120	130	890	405	485
Guatemalan	665	355	310	2,395	1,270	1,120
Guyanese	1,465	710	760	3,095	1,545	1,555
Hispanic	680	365	315	1,785	905	885
Honduran	155	90	60	760	405	355
Maya	220	110	115	580	310	275
Mexican	4,520	2,305	2,215	22,475	11,430	11,045
Nicaraguan	495	260	235	1,675	825	855
Panamanian	100	50	50	320	150	170
Paraguayan	25	15	10	340	155	190
Peruvian	810	390	420	2,740	1,245	1,495
Salvadorean	3,820	1,935	1,885	8,810	4,545	4,270
Uruguayan	125	75	45	315	180	135
Venezuelan	665	320	345	4,690	2,295	2,390
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	950	490	460	3,430	1,735	1,695
African origins	56,970	29,310	27,655	136,510	70,620	65,885
Central and West African origins	12,450	6,530	5,915	33,170	17,430	15,735
Akan	20	15	10	130	80	50
Angolan	120	70	50	295	155	140
Ashanti	30	20	15	130	70	55
Beninese	40	25	15	200	90	105
Burkinabe	55	30	25	100	50	50
Cameroonian	725	345	375	2,040	1,010	1,035
Chadian	10	10	0	75	55	20
Congolese	2,200	1,150	1,050	4,095	2,100	1,990
Edo	130	80	50	555	320	235
Ewe	55	30	25	125	70	55
Gabonese	0	0	0	25	10	20
Gambian	35	25	10	110	60	50
Ghanaian	2,010	1,050	960	4,470	2,365	2,100
Guinean	275	140	135	455	235	215
Ibo	385	220	165	1,760	935	825
Ivorian	395	210	185	655	355	295
Liberian	635	300	335	1,040	495	540
Malian	35	15	20	70	45	25
Malinké	70	40	30	95	55	45
Nigerian	3,495	1,810	1,685	13,010	6,815	6,200
Peulh	60	40	20	105	70	35
Senegalese	250	160	90	575	370	205
Sierra Leonean	465	245	220	740	395	345
Togolese	45	15	25	150	70	80
Wolof	25	10	10	70	45	25
Yoruba	800	410	395	2,990	1,600	1,385
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	855	480	370	1,865	985	875
North African origins	8,985	4,705	4,280	23,235	12,305	10,935
Algerian	465	210	260	1,620	805	815
Berber	240	155	85	685	415	270
Coptic	75	35	40	225	115	110
Dinka	205	105	100	565	320	250
Egyptian	3,265	1,710	1,555	8,525	4,515	4,010
Libyan	590	300	295	1,300	665	635
Maure	30	20	10	95	70	25
Moroccan	1,105	610	495	2,510	1,380	1,130
Sudanese	2,725	1,440	1,285	7,070	3,695	3,375
Tunisian	345	160	180	940	480	455
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	230	115	120	575	315	260
Southern and East African origins	26,735	13,805	12,930	56,560	29,285	27,275
Afrikaner	65	40	25	315	155	160
Amhara	185	100	90	450	240	215
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	410	230	180	700	395	310
Burundian	665	365	305	975	555	420
Djiboutian	155	85	70	170	90	75
Eritrean	3,470	1,785	1,680	7,960	4,250	3,715
Ethiopian	5,290	2,650	2,640	13,225	6,710	6,510
Harari	120	60	60	165	85	80
Kenyan	910	495	420	2,175	1,035	1,140
Malagasy	50	35	20	125	55	70
Mauritian	195	105	85	550	310	235
Oromo	550	350	205	1,355	765	595
Rwandan	1,120	590	530	1,420	745	675
Seychellois	10	10	0	35	25	10
Somali	9,785	4,990	4,795	14,100	7,315	6,790
South African	1,525	750	770	6,635	3,310	3,320
Tanzanian	465	290	175	1,030	525	505
Tigrian	255	130	125	700	380	320
Ugandan	625	345	280	1,155	645	510
Zambian	90	50	40	265	155	110
Zimbabwean	1,240	630	605	2,590	1,300	1,285
Zulu	175	80	95	295	135	160
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	1,420	725	695	3,875	2,010	1,870
Other African origins	9,985	4,935	5,055	26,150	12,995	13,155
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	1,100	550	545	2,525	1,220	1,305
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	9,065	4,470	4,600	23,960	11,950	12,010
Asian origins	276,105	136,010	140,090	756,335	370,390	385,945
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	38,435	20,155	18,280	97,355	51,035	46,315
Afghan	2,455	1,300	1,160	8,540	4,545	3,995
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	4,345	2,370	1,975	10,470	5,690	4,780
Armenian	540	275	260	1,780	865	910
Assyrian	150	65	85	560	300	255
Azerbaijani	295	145	145	615	280	335
Georgian	90	45	45	400	230	165
Hazara	100	55	50	365	190	170
Iranian	4,340	2,235	2,100	13,925	7,220	6,705
Iraqi	2,000	1,030	970	6,165	3,250	2,915
Israeli	680	350	330	1,565	830	740
Jordanian	635	315	320	1,325	670	655
Kazakh	110	50	55	565	260	310
Kurd	1,040	590	450	2,040	1,160	880
Kuwaiti	110	50	60	185	110	80
Kyrgyz	30	15	10	200	110	90
Lebanese	14,295	7,390	6,910	32,365	16,835	15,525
Palestinian	2,865	1,580	1,285	4,880	2,675	2,210
Pashtun	235	105	130	645	305	345
Saudi Arabian	190	95	90	390	205	180
Syrian	2,915	1,500	1,415	7,215	3,605	3,610
Tajik	65	45	20	265	160	105
Tatar	135	55	75	530	215	315
Turk	2,580	1,410	1,175	5,745	3,155	2,595
Turkmen	50	15	30	105	55	50
Uighur	95	50	50	270	125	140
Uzbek	165	85	85	485	225	260
Yemeni	250	130	125	930	440	485
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	865	485	385	2,445	1,305	1,140
South Asian origins	88,200	45,435	42,755	231,550	118,855	112,695
Bangladeshi	1,445	715	725	4,155	2,085	2,070
Bengali	580	335	245	1,660	870	790
Bhutanese	75	45	35	815	410	400
East Indian	69,460	35,650	33,810	174,510	89,140	85,370
Goan	80	45	40	495	265	225
Gujarati	485	250	230	855	445	410
Kashmiri	100	55	40	720	355	365
Nepali	1,805	970	835	4,600	2,490	2,110
Pakistani	8,060	4,175	3,885	29,265	15,075	14,190
Punjabi	5,910	3,130	2,775	15,645	8,230	7,420
Sinhalese	230	135	100	750	400	355
Sri Lankan	2,235	1,125	1,110	5,585	2,885	2,695
Tamil	465	240	225	1,050	565	485
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	1,910	995	920	4,845	2,500	2,335
East and Southeast Asian origins	150,865	71,100	79,765	431,135	202,400	228,735
Burmese	415	210	205	1,270	650	615
Cambodian (Khmer)	1,490	770	720	4,260	2,245	2,015
Chinese	69,800	33,660	36,140	188,280	90,735	97,545
Filipino	60,175	27,410	32,765	175,130	79,150	95,975
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	825	385	435	3,005	1,425	1,575
Japanese	3,310	1,390	1,920	16,595	7,510	9,085
Karen	395	220	170	740	390	345
Korean	7,515	3,600	3,915	22,410	10,655	11,755
Laotian	695	360	335	2,050	1,020	1,030
Malaysian	1,340	635	710	2,970	1,340	1,630
Mongolian	330	145	185	1,565	725	835
Singaporean	120	55	75	370	180	190
Taiwanese	625	275	345	1,995	855	1,140
Thai	915	335	580	2,735	980	1,750
Tibetan	45	25	20	965	500	465
Vietnamese	13,850	6,660	7,185	36,780	17,720	19,060
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	370	190	175	735	385	345
Other Asian origins	910	490	425	3,115	1,580	1,530
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	915	490	425	3,115	1,585	1,530
Oceania origins	4,230	2,190	2,045	15,500	7,825	7,680
Australian	1,515	820	700	7,785	3,975	3,810
New Zealander	610	335	275	2,905	1,535	1,370
Pacific Islands origins	2,190	1,085	1,110	5,150	2,510	2,635
Fijian	1,785	875	910	3,325	1,580	1,745
Hawaiian	130	60	70	425	190	235
Maori	145	70	75	640	325	320
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	50	25	25	205	105	95
Samoan	60	35	20	280	180	100
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	30	25	0	375	195	180
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	408,555	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Owner	272,825	...	...	1,105,795	...	...
Renter	135,730	...	...	412,150	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	9,730	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	408,555	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Condominium	92,005	...	...	256,015	...	...
Not condominium	316,555	...	...	1,271,660	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	408,555	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
No bedrooms	2,515	...	...	5,440	...	...
1 bedroom	52,320	...	...	139,820	...	...
2 bedrooms	93,480	...	...	322,370	...	...
3 bedrooms	139,715	...	...	540,505	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	120,525	...	...	519,545	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	408,560	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	123,635	...	...	358,650	...	...
5 rooms	63,585	...	...	238,870	...	...
6 rooms	56,490	...	...	224,335	...	...
7 rooms	49,415	...	...	201,560	...	...
8 or more rooms	115,440	...	...	504,270	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	408,560	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
One person or fewer per room	397,520	...	...	1,494,875	...	...
More than 1 person per room	11,035	...	...	32,805	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	408,555	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Suitable	384,225	...	...	1,458,550	...	...
Not suitable	24,335	...	...	69,125	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	408,560	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
1960 or before	55,720	...	...	177,780	...	...
1961 to 1980	128,050	...	...	439,505	...	...
1981 to 1990	50,615	...	...	193,360	...	...
1991 to 2000	47,365	...	...	216,410	...	...
2001 to 2005	38,770	...	...	157,420	...	...
2006 to 2010	41,365	...	...	180,645	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	46,665	...	...	162,560	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	408,560	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	386,380	...	...	1,440,440	...	...
Major repairs needed	22,175	...	...	87,240	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	408,560	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
1 household maintainer	232,135	...	...	873,125	...	...
2 household maintainers	160,225	...	...	605,830	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	16,195	...	...	48,725	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	408,555	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
15 to 24 years	17,000	...	...	53,955	...	...
25 to 34 years	81,690	...	...	281,820	...	...
35 to 44 years	81,330	...	...	307,930	...	...
45 to 54 years	79,740	...	...	310,435	...	...
55 to 64 years	74,105	...	...	288,480	...	...
65 to 74 years	43,005	...	...	169,505	...	...
75 to 84 years	23,320	...	...	86,970	...	...
85 years and over	8,365	...	...	28,585	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	406,690	...	...	1,479,270	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	312,960	...	...	1,170,780	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	93,730	...	...	308,485	...	...
30% to less than 100%	81,625	...	...	268,795	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	272,815	...	...	1,075,465	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	64.4	...	...	65.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	15.6	...	...	15.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,520	...	...	1,481	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,544	...	...	1,531	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	399,709	...	...	400,104	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	428,462	...	...	449,790	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	135,730	...	...	410,225	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	10.5	...	...	10.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	38.1	...	...	36.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,248	...	...	1,243	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,280	...	...	1,279	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	852,990	423,740	429,250	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235
No certificate, diploma or degree	127,840	64,145	63,695	540,665	284,020	256,640
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	234,735	116,100	118,635	895,885	440,665	455,220
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	490,415	243,500	246,915	1,769,500	878,130	891,375
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	74,335	58,800	15,535	309,465	242,160	67,305
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	22,405	13,605	8,800	94,735	56,255	38,480
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	51,930	45,190	6,740	214,730	185,905	28,825
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	158,800	67,260	91,540	615,480	250,590	364,895
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,610	11,520	17,090	94,620	36,875	57,750
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	228,675	105,920	122,755	749,930	348,510	401,425
Bachelor's degree	156,370	68,875	87,495	530,085	235,610	294,470
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	12,450	5,695	6,755	39,955	18,075	21,880
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	7,410	3,975	3,440	21,850	11,810	10,045
Master's degree	42,500	21,050	21,450	133,265	67,215	66,055
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	9,950	6,330	3,615	24,770	15,805	8,965
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	598,750	299,640	299,115	2,257,820	1,131,030	1,126,795
No certificate, diploma or degree	57,070	30,380	26,695	244,755	136,085	108,675
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	142,735	72,185	70,545	569,435	283,290	286,145
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	398,945	197,075	201,870	1,443,635	711,655	731,975
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	57,140	45,900	11,235	238,220	189,180	49,035
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	16,330	10,270	6,065	69,415	42,445	26,970
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	40,805	35,630	5,170	168,805	146,740	22,065
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	128,265	54,935	73,330	496,375	203,350	293,020
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	22,215	9,060	13,150	73,315	29,315	44,005
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	191,330	87,180	104,150	635,730	289,810	345,920
Bachelor's degree	130,180	56,925	73,260	448,235	197,045	251,195
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	9,760	4,385	5,375	32,095	14,155	17,940
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	6,360	3,210	3,150	18,855	9,505	9,350
Master's degree	37,140	17,860	19,270	116,975	57,230	59,740
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	7,890	4,800	3,095	19,570	11,875	7,695
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	852,990	423,740	429,250	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	362,575	180,245	182,330	1,436,545	724,680	711,865
Education	34,730	8,915	25,810	121,930	29,000	92,930
13. Education	34,725	8,920	25,810	121,930	29,000	92,930
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	14,915	6,590	8,325	49,660	20,960	28,705
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,730	1,915	810	9,130	6,305	2,820
50. Visual and performing arts	12,185	4,675	7,510	40,535	14,650	25,885
Humanities	21,475	8,960	12,515	69,305	27,480	41,830
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	2,515	745	1,770	6,790	1,620	5,170
23. English language and literature/letters	4,745	1,530	3,215	15,110	4,270	10,840
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	6,690	2,480	4,210	20,660	7,275	13,390
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	60	25	40	225	105	125
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,500	920	580	4,890	2,750	2,140
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,740	1,610	1,130	11,435	6,560	4,865
54. History	2,725	1,535	1,190	8,600	4,560	4,045
55. French language and literature/letters	500	120	380	1,595	345	1,250
Social and behavioural sciences and law	47,185	16,390	30,790	159,735	51,705	108,030
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	790	185	605	2,345	470	1,875
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	4,690	2,025	2,665	17,180	6,320	10,865
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	7,700	700	7,000	28,750	2,185	26,570
22. Legal professions and studies	8,600	3,140	5,455	29,000	9,355	19,645
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	655	215	445	2,190	605	1,580
42. Psychology	9,210	2,635	6,575	27,275	6,765	20,515
45. Social sciences	15,530	7,490	8,045	52,985	26,000	26,985
Business, management and public administration	99,755	39,460	60,295	361,530	133,045	228,485
30.16 Accounting and computer science	155	45	110	670	155	520
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,835	1,275	4,555	21,565	4,015	17,555
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	93,770	38,145	55,630	339,295	128,885	210,410
Physical and life sciences and technologies	23,250	11,785	11,460	72,850	38,330	34,525
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	9,170	4,020	5,155	25,850	10,955	14,895
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	5,500	2,455	3,050	15,410	7,270	8,145
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	125	25	100	555	170	385
40. Physical sciences	6,835	4,550	2,285	26,130	17,875	8,255
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,615	740	870	4,900	2,055	2,845
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	19,315	11,950	7,365	60,830	37,710	23,120
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15,215	10,220	4,990	48,975	32,855	16,125
25. Library science	1,585	220	1,365	4,295	515	3,780
27. Mathematics and statistics	2,380	1,410	970	7,050	4,020	3,035
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	130	90	40	515	330	185
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	120,065	107,755	12,310	463,185	415,665	47,520
04. Architecture and related services	3,650	2,385	1,265	11,325	7,140	4,190
14. Engineering	31,285	25,565	5,720	110,345	89,275	21,070
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	22,935	20,045	2,890	84,800	72,145	12,655
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	0	60	10	50
46. Construction trades	26,825	25,740	1,085	100,370	96,810	3,560
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	20,515	19,820	695	103,880	100,100	3,785
48. Precision production	14,845	14,185	660	52,400	50,195	2,205
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	7,950	4,565	3,385	44,270	27,245	17,025
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	4,850	2,650	2,200	28,440	17,860	10,580
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,095	1,910	1,185	15,830	9,390	6,445
Health and related fields	78,780	16,085	62,700	270,920	51,220	219,700
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	4,925	2,325	2,600	19,300	9,110	10,195
51. Health professions and related programs	71,405	12,385	59,020	245,265	38,460	206,810
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	2,455	1,375	1,080	6,350	3,650	2,695
Personal, protective and transportation services	22,960	11,015	11,940	95,140	45,720	49,415
12. Personal and culinary services	14,155	4,235	9,920	57,285	14,985	42,305
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	45	40	0	250	230	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	260	240	25	740	655	85
43. Security and protective services	4,630	2,955	1,680	16,985	11,590	5,400
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,860	3,545	315	19,880	18,270	1,610
Other	45	30	20	150	60	95
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	45	30	20	145	60	95
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	598,755	299,640	299,110	2,257,820	1,131,025	1,126,795
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	199,805	102,565	97,240	814,190	419,370	394,820
Education	25,750	6,240	19,505	91,020	19,920	71,105
13. Education	25,750	6,240	19,505	91,025	19,920	71,100
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	12,090	5,350	6,745	40,255	16,670	23,585
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,110	1,475	635	7,095	4,810	2,285
50. Visual and performing arts	9,980	3,870	6,105	33,155	11,860	21,300
Humanities	17,435	7,130	10,310	55,985	21,840	34,145
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	2,095	600	1,495	5,690	1,310	4,380
23. English language and literature/letters	3,850	1,225	2,625	12,345	3,425	8,920
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	5,615	2,060	3,560	17,320	6,020	11,300
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	50	25	25	200	95	100
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,245	770	470	3,930	2,205	1,725
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,075	1,215	860	8,500	4,960	3,545
54. History	2,135	1,160	975	6,855	3,565	3,285
55. French language and literature/letters	365	70	295	1,140	245	895
Social and behavioural sciences and law	39,690	13,435	26,255	135,545	42,855	92,685
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	670	165	505	2,025	425	1,600
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	4,085	1,705	2,380	14,880	5,360	9,520
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,320	575	5,750	23,730	1,770	21,960
22. Legal professions and studies	7,440	2,460	4,985	25,095	7,395	17,705
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	545	180	365	1,790	530	1,255
42. Psychology	7,440	2,060	5,385	22,460	5,290	17,170
45. Social sciences	13,180	6,300	6,880	45,565	22,095	23,465
Business, management and public administration	82,955	32,685	50,270	301,995	110,825	191,170
30.16 Accounting and computer science	125	35	90	560	135	420
44. Public administration and social service professions	4,915	1,010	3,905	18,035	3,130	14,910
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	77,910	31,640	46,275	283,400	107,560	175,840
Physical and life sciences and technologies	18,145	8,910	9,235	58,120	29,655	28,465
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	7,250	3,105	4,145	20,925	8,620	12,310
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	4,140	1,835	2,305	12,175	5,740	6,435
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	120	25	95	460	155	305
40. Physical sciences	5,395	3,430	1,970	20,785	13,645	7,140
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,240	525	720	3,775	1,500	2,270
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	16,985	10,575	6,410	53,975	33,590	20,385
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	13,785	9,260	4,525	44,735	29,980	14,750
25. Library science	1,250	190	1,055	3,400	440	2,965
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,855	1,060	795	5,420	2,915	2,500
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	100	65	35	420	255	165
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	97,730	87,050	10,675	376,875	335,210	41,670
04. Architecture and related services	2,940	1,850	1,095	9,335	5,630	3,710
14. Engineering	26,730	21,665	5,065	95,005	75,840	19,170
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	18,785	16,355	2,425	69,300	58,610	10,690
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	0	55	10	50
46. Construction trades	21,445	20,485	955	80,455	77,430	3,020
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	16,010	15,440	570	81,470	78,290	3,180
48. Precision production	11,810	11,245	565	41,255	39,405	1,850
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	6,335	3,480	2,860	35,820	21,060	14,760
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	3,740	1,890	1,850	21,990	12,970	9,025
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,600	1,590	1,005	13,825	8,090	5,740
Health and related fields	63,455	13,210	50,250	217,640	42,225	175,410
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	3,965	1,910	2,060	15,955	7,530	8,425
51. Health professions and related programs	57,375	10,180	47,190	196,250	31,775	164,475
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	2,115	1,115	1,000	5,435	2,925	2,505
Personal, protective and transportation services	18,335	8,990	9,350	76,300	37,755	38,540
12. Personal and culinary services	11,060	3,405	7,655	44,755	12,085	32,670
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	40	40	10	190	170	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	170	145	20	460	410	50
43. Security and protective services	3,865	2,430	1,440	14,100	9,595	4,505
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,195	2,970	225	16,795	15,490	1,305
Other	40	25	10	115	55	60
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	40	25	10	110	55	60
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	852,990	423,745	429,250	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	362,575	180,245	182,335	1,436,545	724,685	711,865
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	490,420	243,495	246,920	1,769,505	878,130	891,370
Location of study inside Canada	380,765	189,910	190,855	1,424,855	709,950	714,905
Same as province or territory of residence	303,460	150,540	152,920	1,064,560	530,135	534,430
Different than province or territory of residence	77,305	39,370	37,935	360,290	179,815	180,475
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	109,655	53,590	56,065	344,645	168,180	176,465
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	10,370	5,935	4,435	45,690	25,545	20,145
Philippines	23,635	9,205	14,435	68,760	26,480	42,280
India	17,830	9,080	8,750	41,560	21,025	20,535
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	6,770	3,895	2,870	28,630	16,255	12,370
China^{Census data footnote 162}	6,045	2,805	3,240	18,850	8,805	10,050
France	580	355	225	2,150	1,275	875
Other	44,425	22,315	22,110	139,010	68,800	70,210
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	598,750	299,640	299,110	2,257,820	1,131,030	1,126,795
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	199,805	102,565	97,240	814,190	419,375	394,820
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	398,945	197,075	201,870	1,443,630	711,655	731,980
Location of study inside Canada	305,450	152,315	153,140	1,150,780	572,180	578,595
Same as province or territory of residence	242,965	120,600	122,370	857,370	426,365	431,010
Different than province or territory of residence	62,485	31,715	30,770	293,410	145,820	147,590
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	93,495	44,765	48,730	292,850	139,470	153,380
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	7,840	4,305	3,540	34,655	18,640	16,015
Philippines	21,745	8,390	13,360	64,000	24,435	39,565
India	15,820	7,900	7,915	37,240	18,505	18,740
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	4,555	2,650	1,910	20,065	11,390	8,675
China^{Census data footnote 162}	5,275	2,425	2,855	16,600	7,630	8,965
France	500	310	195	1,870	1,105	765
Other	37,755	18,790	18,970	118,425	57,770	60,655
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	852,995	423,740	429,250	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235
In the labour force	612,465	325,205	287,255	2,302,945	1,238,280	1,064,655
Employed	560,535	294,450	266,090	2,096,105	1,114,360	981,745
Unemployed	51,925	30,755	21,170	206,835	123,925	82,910
Not in the labour force	240,530	98,535	141,995	903,105	364,525	538,580
Participation rate	71.8	76.7	66.9	71.8	77.3	66.4
Employment rate	65.7	69.5	62.0	65.4	69.5	61.2
Unemployment rate	8.5	9.5	7.4	9.0	10.0	7.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	852,990	423,745	429,250	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	219,690	88,800	130,885	806,150	318,845	487,310
Worked	633,305	334,940	298,360	2,399,895	1,283,965	1,115,930
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	314,975	179,710	135,270	1,193,860	698,530	495,330
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	318,325	155,235	163,090	1,206,035	585,430	620,595
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.6	43.2	42.0	42.5	43.1	41.7
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	612,460	325,205	287,255	2,302,940	1,238,285	1,064,660
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	11,185	5,210	5,980	40,005	18,650	21,360
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	601,275	319,995	281,275	2,262,935	1,219,635	1,043,300
Employee	545,570	284,175	261,395	1,984,225	1,042,630	941,595
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	55,700	35,820	19,880	278,710	177,010	101,705
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	612,460	325,205	287,255	2,302,940	1,238,280	1,064,660
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	11,190	5,210	5,980	40,010	18,645	21,360
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	601,275	319,995	281,275	2,262,935	1,219,635	1,043,300
0 Management occupations	60,760	37,515	23,245	261,505	167,260	94,245
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	96,625	28,310	68,315	353,965	95,685	258,280
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	46,750	36,555	10,195	175,025	136,240	38,795
3 Health occupations	46,665	9,655	37,005	150,415	28,130	122,290
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	67,275	23,810	43,465	228,325	74,105	154,220
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	14,860	6,320	8,545	50,170	19,960	30,210
6 Sales and service occupations	137,405	59,710	77,695	491,495	204,245	287,255
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	105,125	97,590	7,535	406,495	376,375	30,120
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	8,660	7,295	1,370	72,465	59,465	13,000
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	17,145	13,240	3,905	73,070	58,170	14,895
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	612,460	325,205	287,260	2,302,940	1,238,280	1,064,660
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	11,190	5,205	5,980	40,005	18,650	21,360
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	601,270	319,995	281,280	2,262,935	1,219,630	1,043,305
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,020	1,180	840	64,035	43,045	20,990
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	14,975	12,595	2,375	142,490	109,105	33,390
22 Utilities	5,755	3,985	1,765	21,940	15,345	6,595
23 Construction	65,885	56,315	9,570	236,370	201,640	34,730
31-33 Manufacturing	36,375	27,525	8,845	127,535	96,045	31,490
41 Wholesale trade	23,850	17,040	6,805	80,610	56,840	23,775
44-45 Retail trade	68,970	31,850	37,120	249,880	115,065	134,810
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	27,595	21,255	6,335	115,295	83,675	31,620
51 Information and cultural industries	9,700	5,555	4,145	33,045	18,625	14,420
52 Finance and insurance	21,030	7,795	13,235	69,225	25,230	43,995
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	11,885	6,740	5,140	41,520	23,075	18,450
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	43,990	25,335	18,650	167,800	94,565	73,240
55 Management of companies and enterprises	830	360	475	5,560	2,760	2,795
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	23,545	13,765	9,775	87,350	49,595	37,760
61 Educational services	44,440	15,340	29,100	147,270	44,160	103,110
62 Health care and social assistance	73,385	13,740	59,645	245,875	41,235	204,645
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	11,375	5,640	5,735	44,880	21,550	23,335
72 Accommodation and food services	43,815	18,730	25,085	153,790	62,220	91,570
81 Other services (except public administration)	28,030	12,915	15,115	105,865	50,455	55,405
91 Public administration	43,820	22,315	21,505	122,595	65,420	57,175
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	560,540	294,445	266,090	2,096,110	1,114,360	981,745
Worked at home	27,645	12,470	15,175	162,465	77,935	84,530
Worked outside Canada	1,440	960	485	6,270	4,715	1,555
No fixed workplace address	77,355	58,910	18,450	307,065	236,995	70,070
Worked at usual place	454,090	222,110	231,980	1,620,310	794,720	825,595
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	454,090	222,110	231,980	1,620,310	794,720	825,595
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	362,295	165,935	196,355	1,186,170	554,850	631,330
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	80,510	48,080	32,430	358,010	190,730	167,280
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	9,440	6,930	2,510	64,360	41,925	22,435
Commute to a different province or territory	1,845	1,170	680	11,770	7,210	4,560
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	531,450	281,020	250,430	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665
Car, truck, van - as a driver	398,410	224,510	173,900	1,497,440	832,890	664,545
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	27,915	10,555	17,355	99,635	40,215	59,420
Public transit	71,180	28,610	42,570	194,560	88,325	106,235
Walked	20,705	8,935	11,770	85,805	38,030	47,775
Bicycle	5,970	3,870	2,105	21,925	14,685	7,240
Other method	7,270	4,540	2,740	28,015	17,560	10,455
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	531,450	281,020	250,430	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665
Less than 15 minutes	107,615	48,000	59,610	519,085	237,105	281,980
15 to 29 minutes	219,945	117,590	102,360	706,940	377,165	329,780
30 to 44 minutes	133,270	74,725	58,545	422,070	243,905	178,165
45 to 59 minutes	39,970	22,225	17,750	148,620	86,485	62,135
60 minutes and over	30,645	18,480	12,170	130,665	87,060	43,605
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	531,445	281,020	250,430	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	37,360	27,610	9,755	145,660	107,460	38,200
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	103,015	63,515	39,500	395,425	254,225	141,200
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	160,265	81,685	78,580	567,530	297,825	269,705
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	92,875	41,440	51,435	347,270	147,425	199,845
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	55,800	23,985	31,815	188,660	77,175	111,490
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	82,130	42,775	39,355	282,820	147,600	135,225
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	651,905	343,580	308,320	2,467,410	1,314,320	1,153,090
Single responses	644,785	340,120	304,665	2,446,600	1,304,240	1,142,360
Official languages	638,750	337,080	301,670	2,425,545	1,292,940	1,132,610
English	636,670	336,330	300,345	2,418,990	1,290,870	1,128,120
French	2,075	750	1,325	6,560	2,070	4,490
Non-official languages	6,035	3,040	2,995	21,055	11,305	9,750
Aboriginal languages	10	10	0	1,000	550	450
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	670	355	315
Blackfoot	0	0	0	75	50	30
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	0	565	295	270
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	10	10	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	30	10	20
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	0	535	280	255
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	20	15	10
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	25	15	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	75	45	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	75	40	35
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	60	35	25
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	10	10	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	255	155	105
Dakota	0	0	0	15	10	10
Stoney	0	0	0	240	140	95
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	6,030	3,035	2,990	20,050	10,755	9,300
Afro-Asiatic languages	500	295	200	940	575	360
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	60	25	30	100	45	55
Bilen	0	0	0	10	0	10
Oromo	10	10	0	25	15	15
Somali	50	20	35	60	25	35
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	435	270	170	840	530	305
Amharic	35	15	20	85	50	35
Arabic	320	215	100	610	415	195
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	10	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	20	10	15	50	15	35
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	15	0	15	40	15	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	50	25	25
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	415	185	230	1,305	515	790
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	10	15	10	0
Vietnamese	405	180	225	1,290	505	780
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	310	175	135	850	420	430
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	10	15	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ilocano	20	10	10	30	10	20
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	10	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	290	165	120	785	405	380
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Creole languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	25	15	10	55	25	35
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	0	0	15	10	0
Tamil	10	10	10	35	15	15
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,040	1,070	970	8,280	4,855	3,425
Albanian	10	0	10	30	20	10
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	285	145	140	690	335	355
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	290	145	140	695	335	360
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	10	0	15	15	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Croatian	10	0	10	15	10	15
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Polish	115	60	55	220	135	85
Russian	70	25	45	275	120	160
Serbian	10	0	0	25	0	20
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	20	10	10	25	0	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	70	40	25	100	40	55
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	60	20	35	2,535	1,700	840
Afrikaans	0	0	0	30	10	20
Danish	0	0	10	10	0	10
Dutch	10	10	10	145	80	65
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	35	20	20	2,160	1,455	700
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	10	10	0	10
Swedish	0	0	10	15	10	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	135	30
Greek	0	0	0	20	15	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,250	700	545	3,215	1,870	1,350
Indo-Aryan languages	1,180	655	525	3,010	1,735	1,275
Bengali	15	0	10	25	10	15
Gujarati	65	10	50	75	15	60
Hindi	105	55	45	210	110	100
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	0	0	40	20	15
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	955	565	390	2,480	1,510	970
Sindhi	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Urdu	40	15	25	155	50	100
Iranian languages	65	50	25	200	130	70
Kurdish	15	15	0	15	10	0
Pashto	0	0	0	15	15	0
Persian (Farsi)	55	35	20	175	105	70
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	440	195	240	1,780	920	860
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	15	0	10	30	10	15
Portuguese	45	25	20	140	70	70
Romanian	10	0	10	50	30	20
Spanish	385	175	210	1,560	800	760
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	30	10	25	195	75	125
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	260	120	140	785	350	435
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	35	10	30
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	30	10	25
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	85	45	40	230	120	115
American Sign Language	70	30	40	125	40	85
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	20	20	0	105	80	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,280	1,080	1,200	7,080	3,665	3,420
Chinese languages	2,270	1,070	1,200	7,035	3,635	3,400
Cantonese	1,470	725	745	4,545	2,340	2,205
Hakka	10	10	10	15	0	10
Mandarin	690	305	385	2,170	1,125	1,045
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	0	10	30	10	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	85	30	50	275	155	125
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	0	45	30	20
Burmese	0	0	0	10	10	10
Karenic languages	10	0	0	25	15	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	125	60	65
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	10	130	60	65
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	45	20	25	80	35	45
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	40	20	20	65	30	30
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	10	0	10	10	0	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Uralic languages	10	10	0	70	45	25
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	10	0	10	10	0
Hungarian	10	0	0	65	40	25
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	10	10	0
Multiple responses	7,115	3,460	3,655	20,810	10,080	10,735
English and French	1,605	775	825	4,525	2,050	2,475
English and non-official language	5,375	2,625	2,750	15,935	7,860	8,075
French and non-official language	20	10	10	55	25	30
English, French and non-official language	115	55	65	295	140	155
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	651,900	343,580	308,320	2,467,410	1,314,320	1,153,095
None	622,550	328,930	293,615	2,370,575	1,264,955	1,105,620
English	3,970	1,750	2,220	13,805	6,540	7,270
French	7,215	3,550	3,670	23,920	11,380	12,545
Non-official language	17,700	9,120	8,585	57,640	30,700	26,935
Aboriginal	220	75	145	5,045	2,370	2,680
Non-Aboriginal	17,485	9,045	8,440	52,590	28,335	24,260
English and French	0	0	0	30	15	15
English and non-official language	70	30	40	215	105	110
French and non-official language	395	205	190	1,220	625	595
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	10	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	1,028,280	513,200	515,075	3,925,440	1,971,515	1,953,920
Non-movers	853,945	425,590	428,355	3,318,340	1,667,060	1,651,280
Movers	174,330	87,605	86,725	607,095	304,450	302,640
Non-migrants	123,830	62,750	61,080	394,230	199,640	194,590
Migrants	50,500	24,860	25,640	212,865	104,815	108,050
Internal migrants	34,715	17,410	17,300	166,390	82,335	84,055
Intraprovincial migrants	22,175	11,125	11,055	120,105	59,845	60,260
Interprovincial migrants	12,535	6,290	6,245	46,280	22,490	23,795
External migrants	15,790	7,445	8,340	46,475	22,480	23,995
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	975,065	485,995	489,075	3,714,635	1,863,450	1,851,190
Non-movers	513,435	253,770	259,665	2,052,580	1,028,510	1,024,070
Movers	461,635	232,225	229,410	1,662,055	834,935	827,120
Non-migrants	270,615	135,900	134,715	899,165	454,700	444,465
Migrants	191,015	96,320	94,695	762,890	380,235	382,655
Internal migrants	119,780	60,745	59,040	559,860	280,255	279,610
Intraprovincial migrants	59,780	29,395	30,380	333,775	165,900	167,875
Interprovincial migrants	60,005	31,340	28,660	226,090	114,355	111,730
External migrants	71,235	35,580	35,655	203,025	99,980	103,045

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Edmonton [Population centre], Alberta and Alberta [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed October 4, 2025).

Date modified:: 2024-07-12

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Edmonton [Population centre], Alberta and Alberta [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census Edmonton [Population centre], Alberta and Alberta [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Edmonton [Population centre], Alberta and Alberta [Province]