Census Profile, 2016 Census
Kenora [Population centre], Ontario and Manitoba [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Kenora Ontario [Population centre]			Manitoba [Province]
	Data quality , Kenora [Population centre], Ontario Map : Kenora [Population centre], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Manitoba [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	10,687	...	...	1,278,365	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	10,970 ^r	...	...	1,208,268	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	-2.6	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	5,139	...	...	539,748	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	4,746	...	...	489,050	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	796.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	13.42	...	...	552,370.99	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	10,685	5,165	5,520	1,278,365	631,400	646,970
0 to 14 years	1,675	825	850	243,820	125,110	118,710
0 to 4 years	540	265	275	81,065	41,710	39,355
5 to 9 years	595	310	285	83,375	42,565	40,805
10 to 14 years	535	255	290	79,380	40,835	38,545
15 to 64 years	6,840	3,380	3,455	835,580	417,260	418,320
15 to 19 years	550	280	275	82,440	42,555	39,890
20 to 24 years	660	340	325	86,760	44,465	42,295
25 to 29 years	685	355	330	86,695	43,570	43,125
30 to 34 years	605	300	300	85,185	42,210	42,975
35 to 39 years	585	275	305	81,105	39,885	41,215
40 to 44 years	570	295	275	79,325	39,530	39,795
45 to 49 years	610	300	305	79,350	39,220	40,130
50 to 54 years	850	385	465	89,840	44,485	45,355
55 to 59 years	940	470	470	87,765	43,555	44,210
60 to 64 years	780	375	410	77,110	37,780	39,325
65 years and over	2,175	955	1,215	198,965	89,025	109,945
65 to 69 years	695	360	335	64,905	31,280	33,625
70 to 74 years	425	195	225	45,980	21,940	24,040
75 to 79 years	350	150	200	33,555	15,250	18,305
80 to 84 years	315	135	185	25,315	10,740	14,575
85 years and over	385	120	270	29,210	9,810	19,395
85 to 89 years	225	75	150	17,335	6,460	10,875
90 to 94 years	125	35	95	8,945	2,710	6,230
95 to 99 years	25	10	20	2,520	580	1,940
100 years and over	10	0	5	415	60	350
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.7	16.0	15.4	19.1	19.8	18.3
15 to 64 years	64.0	65.4	62.6	65.4	66.1	64.7
65 years and over	20.4	18.5	22.0	15.6	14.1	17.0
85 years and over	3.6	2.3	4.9	2.3	1.6	3.0
Average age of the population	43.4	42.2	44.6	39.2	38.2	40.2
Median age of the population	45.1	43.6	46.7	38.3	37.2	39.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	4,745	...	...	489,050	...	...
Single-detached house	3,500	...	...	331,420	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	165	...	...	39,080	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	1,080	...	...	108,120	...	...
Semi-detached house	155	...	...	15,865	...	...
Row house	75	...	...	17,225	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	260	...	...	7,065	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	585	...	...	67,205	...	...
Other single-attached house	10	...	...	755	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	0	...	...	10,435	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	4,745	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 person	1,700	...	...	135,500	...	...
2 persons	1,620	...	...	164,880	...	...
3 persons	645	...	...	71,065	...	...
4 persons	515	...	...	66,675	...	...
5 or more persons	265	...	...	50,930	...	...
Number of persons in private households	10,410	...	...	1,240,700	...	...
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	9,010	4,335	4,675	1,034,545	506,280	528,260
Married or living common law	4,880	2,430	2,450	593,615	297,280	296,335
Married	3,705	1,845	1,860	503,390	252,210	251,175
Living common law	1,180	585	590	90,230	45,075	45,155
Not married and not living common law	4,130	1,910	2,220	440,925	209,000	231,930
Never married	2,400	1,330	1,070	300,415	162,440	137,980
Separated	305	140	165	24,845	11,080	13,765
Divorced	680	290	390	54,860	22,780	32,080
Widowed	745	150	595	60,805	12,700	48,100
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	2,980	...	...	346,160	...	...
2 persons	1,695	...	...	171,435	...	...
3 persons	620	...	...	71,630	...	...
4 persons	475	...	...	65,500	...	...
5 or more persons	190	...	...	37,600	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	2,980	...	...	346,160	...	...
Total couple families	2,370	...	...	287,200	...	...
Married couples	1,780	...	...	242,100	...	...
Common-law couples	585	...	...	45,100	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	610	...	...	58,960	...	...
Female parent	485	...	...	45,930	...	...
Male parent	125	...	...	13,025	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	2,370	...	...	287,205	...	...
Couples without children	1,320	...	...	137,135	...	...
Couples with children	1,050	...	...	150,070	...	...
1 child	465	...	...	55,730	...	...
2 children	415	...	...	59,965	...	...
3 or more children	180	...	...	34,375	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	610	...	...	58,960	...	...
1 child	375	...	...	34,305	...	...
2 children	160	...	...	15,895	...	...
3 or more children	75	...	...	8,765	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,225	1,065	1,165	212,415	104,435	107,980
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	4,745	...	...	489,050	...	...
One-census-family households	2,840	...	...	323,125	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	1,265	...	...	130,475	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	1,575	...	...	192,650	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	70	...	...	11,110	...	...
Non-census-family households	1,835	...	...	154,815	...	...
One-person households	1,700	...	...	135,495	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	135	...	...	19,315	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	10,420	5,045	5,375	1,261,620	624,095	637,520
English only	9,750	4,775	4,980	1,135,395	566,980	568,410
French only	0	0	0	1,485	680	800
English and French	660	265	395	108,460	49,205	59,255
Neither English nor French	10	5	5	16,285	7,235	9,050
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	10,420	5,045	5,380	1,261,620	624,100	637,520
English	10,265	4,980	5,290	1,203,025	596,475	606,550
French	145	55	80	39,200	18,880	20,325
English and French	5	0	0	3,545	1,755	1,790
Neither English nor French	5	0	0	15,840	6,985	8,860
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	145	55	85	40,975	19,760	21,215
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.4	1.1	1.6	3.2	3.2	3.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	10,420	5,045	5,375	1,261,620	624,095	637,520
Single responses	10,295	4,990	5,305	1,230,115	608,820	621,300
Official languages	9,730	4,750	4,980	941,130	468,430	472,705
English	9,565	4,685	4,880	900,610	448,960	451,645
French	165	70	100	40,520	19,465	21,055
Non-official languages	570	240	325	288,985	140,395	148,590
Aboriginal languages	160	60	100	29,710	14,265	15,440
Algonquian languages	160	60	100	28,070	13,505	14,565
Blackfoot	0	0	0	5	0	5
Cree-Montagnais languages	5	5	0	14,820	7,085	7,740
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	30	5	20
Plains Cree	0	0	0	70	25	40
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	745	305	440
Woods Cree	0	0	0	65	20	40
Cree, n.o.s.	0	5	5	13,915	6,725	7,195
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	5	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	155	55	95	13,235	6,410	6,825
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	140	55	90	6,730	3,180	3,550
Oji-Cree	10	0	10	6,505	3,235	3,265
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	815	375	445
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	815	380	440
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	810	375	435
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	80	20	60
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	65	20	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	5	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	5	80	40	40
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	5
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	630	305	330
Dakota	0	0	0	630	305	325
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	405	180	225	259,280	126,130	133,155
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	5	0	10,700	5,580	5,120
Berber languages	0	0	0	40	25	15
Kabyle	0	0	0	35	15	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	5
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	1,750	875	875
Bilen	0	0	0	155	85	70
Oromo	0	0	0	345	175	170
Somali	0	0	0	1,245	610	640
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Semitic languages	5	5	0	8,840	4,640	4,200
Amharic	0	0	0	1,770	885	885
Arabic	5	0	0	4,695	2,500	2,190
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	545	320	225
Maltese	0	0	0	40	20	25
Tigrigna	0	0	0	1,770	905	865
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	30
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5	4,180	1,970	2,205
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	280	135	145
Vietnamese	0	0	0	3,895	1,840	2,060
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	5	0	0
Austronesian languages	60	25	35	52,905	24,685	28,220
Bikol	0	0	0	175	80	95
Cebuano	5	5	0	1,245	565	675
Fijian	0	0	0	35	15	15
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	390	170	220
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,365	630	730
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	5
Malay	0	0	0	175	65	105
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	5	0	655	315	340
Pangasinan	0	0	0	135	65	70
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50	15	35	48,530	22,670	25,855
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	50	30	25
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	150	70	85
Creole languages	0	0	0	570	275	305
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	20	10	10
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	290	140	145
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	265	120	145
Dravidian languages	5	0	0	1,565	825	735
Kannada	0	0	0	95	50	40
Malayalam	5	5	0	790	410	380
Tamil	0	0	0	480	255	230
Telugu	0	0	0	195	115	80
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Indo-European languages	290	130	165	158,350	77,605	80,750
Albanian	0	0	0	350	170	180
Armenian	0	0	0	65	35	30
Balto-Slavic languages	105	40	65	34,450	15,845	18,605
Baltic languages	5	5	5	165	65	95
Latvian	5	0	5	80	35	45
Lithuanian	0	0	0	85	35	45
Slavic languages	105	35	65	34,280	15,775	18,510
Belarusan	0	0	0	40	20	25
Bosnian	0	0	0	575	285	290
Bulgarian	0	0	0	140	70	65
Croatian	0	5	0	1,030	505	530
Czech	5	5	0	615	310	310
Macedonian	0	0	0	145	70	75
Polish	30	10	20	6,455	2,905	3,545
Russian	5	0	0	9,130	4,495	4,640
Serbian	0	0	0	655	335	320
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	240	110	130
Slovak	0	0	0	405	175	225
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	270	130	140
Ukrainian	65	20	40	14,505	6,325	8,180
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	40	30
Celtic languages	0	0	0	115	60	55
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	50	25	20
Welsh	0	0	0	60	30	30
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Germanic languages	95	45	50	68,670	33,310	35,360
Afrikaans	0	0	0	420	220	205
Danish	5	0	0	280	145	135
Dutch	5	0	5	2,675	1,335	1,335
Frisian	0	0	0	55	30	25
German	75	35	35	63,825	30,940	32,890
Icelandic	5	0	0	475	210	260
Norwegian	5	0	5	115	45	65
Swedish	5	0	0	135	70	70
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	310	125	180
Yiddish	0	0	0	355	175	180
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	25	10	10
Greek	10	10	5	1,285	665	615
Indo-Iranian languages	25	15	15	32,325	17,135	15,195
Indo-Aryan languages	25	10	15	29,520	15,700	13,820
Bengali	0	0	0	1,170	675	495
Gujarati	0	0	0	3,115	1,660	1,455
Hindi	0	0	0	2,270	1,215	1,060
Kashmiri	0	0	0	5	5	5
Konkani	0	0	0	35	20	15
Marathi	0	0	0	135	80	50
Nepali	5	0	5	720	355	365
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	18,320	9,650	8,670
Sindhi	0	0	0	60	30	30
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	670	345	320
Urdu	10	0	5	3,015	1,655	1,355
Iranian languages	5	0	0	2,705	1,365	1,335
Kurdish	0	0	0	415	210	200
Pashto	0	0	0	275	130	150
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	2,020	1,030	990
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	100	60	40
Italic (Romance) languages	50	20	25	21,100	10,385	10,710
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	5
Italian	35	20	15	3,840	1,910	1,930
Portuguese	5	5	5	6,585	3,190	3,390
Romanian	0	0	0	645	310	335
Spanish	10	5	5	10,005	4,965	5,040
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Japanese	0	0	0	540	185	350
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Georgian	0	0	0	15	5	5
Korean	5	0	0	3,760	1,810	1,950
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	20	5	15
Mongolian	0	0	0	20	5	15
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	3,895	1,965	1,930
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	150	90	65
Bamanankan	0	0	0	75	25	45
Edo	0	0	0	40	20	15
Ewe	0	5	0	30	20	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	65	35	30
Ga	0	0	0	15	10	5
Ganda	0	0	0	50	20	30
Igbo	0	0	0	280	155	130
Lingala	0	0	0	75	30	40
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	135	60	65
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	250	125	120
Shona	0	0	0	110	50	60
Swahili	0	0	0	870	420	455
Wolof	0	0	0	75	50	25
Yoruba	0	0	0	1,030	525	505
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	640	315	325
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	395	215	180
Dinka	0	0	0	175	90	80
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	225	125	100
Sign languages	0	0	0	440	230	210
American Sign Language	0	0	0	240	125	115
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	195	100	95
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	15	10	18,880	9,320	9,565
Chinese languages	15	10	5	18,305	9,025	9,280
Cantonese	10	10	5	6,625	3,140	3,485
Hakka	0	0	0	55	30	25
Mandarin	0	0	0	10,170	5,110	5,060
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	5	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	325	150	165
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	110	55	50
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	1,010	530	475
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5	575	295	285
Burmese	10	5	5	85	50	30
Karenic languages	0	0	0	430	215	220
Tibetan	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	20	35
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	1,120	525	595
Lao	0	0	0	875	445	430
Thai	0	0	0	240	85	165
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	5	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	340	190	150
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	30	20	15
Turkish	0	0	0	210	120	95
Uyghur	0	0	0	10	5	10
Uzbek	0	0	0	40	25	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20
Uralic languages	10	5	5	1,440	655	790
Estonian	0	0	0	30	10	15
Finnish	5	5	0	225	85	135
Hungarian	0	0	5	1,185	550	635
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	155	85	70
Multiple responses	125	55	70	31,505	15,280	16,220
English and French	40	15	25	4,365	2,140	2,230
English and non-official language	85	35	50	25,965	12,530	13,440
French and non-official language	0	0	0	695	380	315
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	470	230	245
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	10,420	5,045	5,375	1,261,620	624,100	637,520
Single responses	10,285	4,995	5,290	1,197,145	593,020	604,120
Official languages	10,135	4,920	5,220	1,052,345	521,280	531,065
English	10,110	4,910	5,205	1,035,475	513,465	522,010
French	25	10	10	16,865	7,815	9,055
Non-official languages	145	70	75	144,800	71,740	73,060
Aboriginal languages	40	20	25	15,770	8,020	7,750
Algonquian languages	40	20	25	15,070	7,675	7,390
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	7,570	3,860	3,715
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	10	5	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	10	5	5
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	120	45	75
Woods Cree	0	0	0	15	10	5
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	7,415	3,790	3,620
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	40	20	25	7,495	3,820	3,675
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	40	20	20	2,505	1,280	1,225
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	4,990	2,545	2,455
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	635	305	330
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	635	305	330
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	630	305	330
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	15	5	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	10	5	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	10	5	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	35	25	10
Dakota	0	0	0	35	25	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	105	55	50	129,035	63,725	65,310
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0	6,875	3,475	3,400
Berber languages	0	0	0	20	15	5
Kabyle	0	0	0	15	10	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	5
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	1,185	550	630
Bilen	0	0	0	120	65	55
Oromo	0	0	0	210	95	115
Somali	0	0	0	845	385	460
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	10	0
Semitic languages	5	5	5	5,650	2,895	2,750
Amharic	0	0	0	1,045	520	525
Arabic	5	0	0	3,105	1,600	1,505
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	5	0	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	355	195	160
Maltese	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tigrigna	0	0	0	1,135	580	555
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	2,900	1,370	1,530
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	125	55	70
Vietnamese	0	0	0	2,775	1,315	1,460
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	25	10	10	27,215	13,065	14,155
Bikol	0	0	0	30	15	15
Cebuano	5	0	0	495	250	245
Fijian	0	0	0	15	5	10
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	125	55	75
Ilocano	5	5	5	390	190	200
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	55	25	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	245	120	130
Pangasinan	0	0	0	30	15	15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	5	10	25,790	12,375	13,420
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	10	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	15
Creole languages	0	0	0	290	120	165
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	165	75	85
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	45	75
Dravidian languages	5	0	5	800	400	400
Kannada	0	0	0	45	25	25
Malayalam	5	0	5	405	195	205
Tamil	0	0	0	240	120	120
Telugu	0	0	0	110	60	50
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	45	20	25	70,820	35,325	35,495
Albanian	0	0	0	155	80	75
Armenian	0	0	0	20	10	5
Balto-Slavic languages	5	0	10	11,685	5,670	6,015
Baltic languages	0	0	0	25	10	15
Latvian	0	0	0	15	5	5
Lithuanian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Slavic languages	5	0	5	11,660	5,660	6,000
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	5	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	285	145	140
Bulgarian	0	0	0	65	30	30
Croatian	0	0	0	320	145	180
Czech	0	0	0	115	55	60
Macedonian	0	0	0	85	35	45
Polish	5	0	5	2,010	910	1,105
Russian	0	0	0	5,530	2,780	2,745
Serbian	0	0	0	335	170	170
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	90	40	50
Slovak	0	0	0	70	35	35
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	55	20	30
Ukrainian	5	0	5	2,690	1,285	1,405
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Celtic languages	0	0	0	20	15	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	5	0
Welsh	0	0	0	10	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	5	5	25,825	12,700	13,125
Afrikaans	0	0	0	200	100	100
Danish	0	0	0	10	5	5
Dutch	0	0	0	270	135	130
Frisian	0	0	0	10	5	5
German	5	5	5	24,795	12,185	12,615
Icelandic	0	0	0	35	15	20
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Swedish	0	0	0	10	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	15	5	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	10	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	465	240	225
Greek	0	0	0	535	255	280
Indo-Iranian languages	20	10	10	22,810	11,920	10,890
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	10	21,010	11,055	9,950
Bengali	0	0	0	690	390	305
Gujarati	0	0	0	2,100	1,095	1,005
Hindi	0	0	0	1,335	715	620
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	10	5	5
Marathi	0	0	0	40	25	20
Nepali	5	5	0	540	265	280
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	5	0	14,000	7,330	6,670
Sindhi	0	0	0	30	10	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	5	0	360	190	170
Urdu	10	0	5	1,895	1,035	860
Iranian languages	0	0	0	1,755	835	920
Kurdish	0	0	0	275	135	140
Pashto	0	0	0	165	70	95
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	1,315	635	685
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	20
Italic (Romance) languages	10	5	0	9,765	4,670	5,090
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	5	5	0	1,035	450	590
Portuguese	0	0	0	2,800	1,305	1,500
Romanian	0	0	0	235	110	125
Spanish	0	5	0	5,695	2,810	2,885
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	175	75	105
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	10	5	0
Georgian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Korean	5	0	0	2,915	1,430	1,490
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Mongolian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	1,410	695	720
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	45	30	20
Bamanankan	0	0	0	15	5	5
Edo	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ewe	0	0	0	5	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	35	15	15
Ga	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	5	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	75	40	35
Lingala	0	0	0	40	20	20
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	65	35	35
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	105	55	50
Shona	0	0	0	10	5	10
Swahili	0	0	0	500	240	265
Wolof	0	0	0	25	20	10
Yoruba	0	0	0	345	175	170
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	125	50	75
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	130	60	70
Dinka	0	0	0	80	35	45
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	25
Sign languages	5	5	5	560	310	255
American Sign Language	0	0	0	255	135	120
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	5	0	305	170	135
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	5	13,910	6,920	6,985
Chinese languages	15	15	5	13,445	6,685	6,765
Cantonese	5	5	0	4,455	2,105	2,350
Hakka	0	0	0	25	10	15
Mandarin	0	0	0	8,080	4,105	3,975
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	135	65	70
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	65	30	35
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	675	365	315
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	465	235	225
Burmese	0	0	0	55	30	25
Karenic languages	0	0	0	370	190	180
Tibetan	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	20
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	535	250	280
Lao	0	0	0	430	210	220
Thai	0	0	0	105	40	65
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	135	70	65
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	10	5	10
Turkish	0	0	0	65	35	35
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	35	20	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Uralic languages	0	0	5	305	140	165
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	35	15	15
Hungarian	0	0	0	270	125	145
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20
Multiple responses	140	55	85	64,475	31,080	33,400
English and French	10	5	5	3,090	1,440	1,645
English and non-official language	130	50	80	60,090	28,995	31,090
French and non-official language	0	0	0	415	215	205
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	885	420	455
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	10,420	5,045	5,375	1,261,615	624,095	637,520
None	9,985	4,855	5,135	1,079,050	535,990	543,065
English	75	40	35	76,350	37,795	38,550
French	130	60	70	20,200	9,130	11,075
Non-official language	225	95	130	83,315	39,860	43,455
Aboriginal	115	45	70	16,105	7,590	8,515
Non-Aboriginal	110	45	65	67,215	32,275	34,940
English and French	0	0	0	305	150	150
English and non-official language	0	0	0	1,610	815	790
French and non-official language	5	5	5	770	345	420
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	20	5	10
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	8,735	4,215	4,520	1,001,305	491,590	509,715
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	8,590	4,155	4,440	954,035	467,790	486,250
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,910	44,949	32,301	34,188	40,379	29,220
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	8,595	4,150	4,445	954,205	467,820	486,390
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,100	39,406	29,542	30,465	35,150	26,561
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	7,945	3,860	4,085	859,545	431,145	428,400
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,969	40,832	27,440	32,592	39,229	26,692
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	6,260	2,805	3,455	701,840	309,530	392,310
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,945	7,916	7,961	4,268	1,890	5,434
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	6,390	3,210	3,190	722,785	374,850	347,935
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,237	38,875	30,379	33,677	39,365	28,679
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	8,950	4,330	4,615	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	8,840	4,275	4,565	953,960	467,575	486,385
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,147	54,050	40,692	43,767	51,068	36,747
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	8,840	4,270	4,565	954,175	467,605	486,565
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,315	44,153	34,791	35,957	41,013	31,097
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	8,230	3,960	4,270	859,575	431,035	428,540
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,737	52,253	35,843	42,776	50,803	34,704
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	6,475	2,895	3,575	701,830	308,940	392,890
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,771	8,283	9,167	7,099	6,411	7,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	6,575	3,270	3,305	722,785	374,535	348,250
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,398	49,633	37,230	42,551	49,417	35,168
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	8,950	4,335	4,620	1,001,310	491,580	509,725
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	3,110	1,670	1,440	350,580	201,335	149,245
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	55,319	60,309	49,803	50,026	54,580	44,818
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	59,572	64,917	53,361	59,523	65,410	51,581
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	85.8	89.1	81.7	88.0	91.7	83.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	68.8	71.0	66.0	73.6	77.4	68.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	14.2	10.9	18.3	12.0	8.3	16.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	8,730	4,215	4,520	1,001,310	491,585	509,720
Without total income	140	65	80	47,270	23,800	23,470
With total income	8,590	4,150	4,440	954,040	467,790	486,245
Percentage with total income	98.4	98.5	98.2	95.3	95.2	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	925	390	535	137,700	62,550	75,150
$10,000 to $19,999	1,330	540	790	150,320	58,320	91,995
$20,000 to $29,999	1,195	470	730	136,510	54,950	81,560
$30,000 to $39,999	1,070	430	640	123,685	55,805	67,885
$40,000 to $49,999	1,005	485	525	109,710	54,650	55,060
$50,000 to $59,999	885	475	415	80,625	45,170	35,460
$60,000 to $69,999	620	350	265	58,785	35,250	23,535
$70,000 to $79,999	440	260	180	43,365	26,465	16,895
$80,000 to $89,999	305	195	110	34,000	20,100	13,905
$90,000 to $99,999	260	155	100	21,980	13,545	8,440
$100,000 and over	545	395	150	57,355	40,985	16,370
$100,000 to $149,999	415	300	115	40,870	28,585	12,285
$150,000 and over	135	100	30	16,490	12,395	4,090
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	8,735	4,215	4,520	1,001,305	491,585	509,720
Without after-tax income	140	65	75	47,100	23,770	23,330
With after-tax income	8,595	4,155	4,445	954,205	467,820	486,390
Percentage with after-tax income	98.4	98.6	98.3	95.3	95.2	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	980	395	585	142,035	63,525	78,510
$10,000 to $19,999	1,390	575	820	161,865	63,410	98,460
$20,000 to $29,999	1,435	580	855	165,880	68,985	96,895
$30,000 to $39,999	1,280	560	720	153,680	73,335	80,350
$40,000 to $49,999	1,230	635	590	116,415	63,755	52,660
$50,000 to $59,999	825	460	360	78,105	46,940	31,160
$60,000 to $69,999	525	320	205	53,870	32,165	21,705
$70,000 to $79,999	365	220	145	31,690	19,680	12,010
$80,000 and over	565	410	155	50,655	36,025	14,630
$80,000 to $89,999	220	150	70	18,025	12,260	5,760
$90,000 to $99,999	130	105	30	10,325	7,305	3,015
$100,000 and over	215	155	55	22,305	16,460	5,850
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	8,735	4,215	4,520	1,001,305	491,590	509,720
Without employment income	2,340	1,010	1,330	278,525	116,740	161,775
With employment income	6,395	3,205	3,185	722,785	374,845	347,940
Percentage with employment income	73.2	76.0	70.5	72.2	76.3	68.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	860	395	465	90,045	42,675	47,375
$5,000 to $9,999	560	240	320	54,560	23,875	30,690
$10,000 to $19,999	800	370	430	94,460	41,920	52,535
$20,000 to $29,999	690	335	360	89,540	39,650	49,895
$30,000 to $39,999	690	295	395	88,340	41,905	46,440
$40,000 to $49,999	660	280	380	77,755	40,205	37,550
$50,000 to $59,999	590	305	285	58,900	34,355	24,550
$60,000 to $69,999	435	245	190	44,085	27,115	16,970
$70,000 to $79,999	270	160	110	34,450	21,375	13,075
$80,000 and over	845	585	255	90,650	61,780	28,865
$80,000 to $89,999	205	135	70	28,365	16,860	11,505
$90,000 to $99,999	220	125	95	17,635	11,355	6,275
$100,000 and over	415	325	90	44,650	33,560	11,095
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	4,745	...	...	489,050	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	67,106	...	...	68,147	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	59,200	...	...	59,093	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	1,700	...	...	135,495	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,149	...	...	35,846	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,856	...	...	31,538	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	3,045	...	...	353,550	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	89,545	...	...	84,532	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	77,909	...	...	72,688	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	4,850	...	...	489,050	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	85,945	...	...	85,373	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	71,668	...	...	70,154	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,705	...	...	135,440	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	44,412	...	...	44,208	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	37,591	...	...	36,503	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	3,145	...	...	353,605	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	108,448	...	...	101,140	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	90,131	...	...	83,044	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	4,745	...	...	489,050	...	...
Under $5,000	35	...	...	9,250	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	50	...	...	8,175	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	135	...	...	11,450	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	200	...	...	18,260	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	260	...	...	21,395	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	220	...	...	19,035	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	215	...	...	21,090	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	190	...	...	21,745	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	180	...	...	21,605	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	190	...	...	21,225	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	415	...	...	40,240	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	390	...	...	37,910	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	350	...	...	34,275	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	285	...	...	31,555	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	265	...	...	27,215	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,370	...	...	144,620	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	505	...	...	52,495	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	310	...	...	34,595	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	335	...	...	34,670	...	...
$200,000 and over	210	...	...	22,865	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	4,745	...	...	489,050	...	...
Under $5,000	40	...	...	9,725	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	55	...	...	8,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	135	...	...	11,860	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	210	...	...	19,325	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	300	...	...	24,370	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	260	...	...	22,665	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	230	...	...	25,915	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	230	...	...	26,725	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	245	...	...	25,965	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	230	...	...	25,290	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	480	...	...	48,610	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	415	...	...	44,280	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	375	...	...	38,890	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	320	...	...	32,370	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	260	...	...	26,890	...	...
$100,000 and over	960	...	...	97,850	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	440	...	...	46,355	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	240	...	...	24,795	...	...
$150,000 and over	275	...	...	26,705	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	2,950	...	...	341,205	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	90,240	...	...	84,441	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	78,519	...	...	72,563	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	1,230	...	...	127,580	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	86,443	...	...	79,103	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	75,287	...	...	67,596	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	1,060	...	...	150,585	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	119,666	...	...	104,902	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	101,696	...	...	89,307	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	570	...	...	52,215	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,717	...	...	49,922	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	51,008	...	...	46,048	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	3,065	...	...	341,235	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	109,130	...	...	101,410	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	90,564	...	...	83,132	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	1,260	...	...	127,710	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	107,601	...	...	95,583	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	86,983	...	...	77,743	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	1,095	...	...	150,695	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	137,596	...	...	122,176	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	114,185	...	...	99,399	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	585	...	...	52,130	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	61,027	...	...	60,006	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	55,183	...	...	52,307	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	2,000	935	1,055	175,270	86,935	88,335
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	32,882	37,077	30,682	32,927	35,568	30,818
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,888	33,203	28,122	29,429	31,130	28,062
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	1,950	925	1,025	174,945	86,380	88,565
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	42,320	46,044	38,965	40,853	43,332	38,434
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	35,977	38,377	33,815	33,961	35,291	32,663
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	10,405	5,045	5,365	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
In the bottom half of the distribution	4,805	2,190	2,615	687,930	332,640	355,290
In the bottom decile	860	405	450	151,750	74,825	76,930
In the second decile	1,020	415	605	135,485	62,035	73,450
In the third decile	955	425	530	135,395	64,805	70,590
In the fourth decile	995	465	525	132,755	65,185	67,575
In the fifth decile	980	480	500	132,540	65,790	66,750
In the top half of the distribution	5,605	2,850	2,750	552,770	281,805	270,965
In the sixth decile	1,105	545	565	127,575	64,305	63,265
In the seventh decile	1,190	595	600	123,505	62,770	60,735
In the eighth decile	1,185	625	555	116,805	59,460	57,350
In the ninth decile	1,230	625	605	104,820	53,835	50,980
In the top decile	890	465	430	80,070	41,435	38,640
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	10,405	5,045	5,360	1,175,720	581,585	594,135
0 to 17 years	2,000	990	1,010	260,905	134,075	126,830
0 to 5 years	645	325	315	85,935	44,240	41,695
18 to 64 years	6,430	3,165	3,265	737,035	365,965	371,070
65 years and over	1,975	890	1,085	177,780	81,540	96,235
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,320	555	765	180,880	85,185	95,690
0 to 17 years	365	170	195	57,185	29,390	27,790
0 to 5 years	130	55	75	21,325	10,970	10,355
18 to 64 years	715	310	400	98,920	46,630	52,285
65 years and over	240	75	165	24,785	9,165	15,615
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.7	11.0	14.3	15.4	14.6	16.1
0 to 17 years (%)	18.3	17.2	19.3	21.9	21.9	21.9
0 to 5 years (%)	20.2	16.9	23.8	24.8	24.8	24.8
18 to 64 years (%)	11.1	9.8	12.3	13.4	12.7	14.1
65 years and over (%)	12.2	8.4	15.2	13.9	11.2	16.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	560	285	270	115,965	56,255	59,705
0 to 17 years	125	65	55	33,260	17,040	16,220
0 to 5 years	45	20	30	12,310	6,325	5,985
18 to 64 years	395	200	190	73,655	35,895	37,760
65 years and over	40	15	25	9,045	3,325	5,725
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.4	5.6	5.0	9.9	9.7	10.0
0 to 17 years (%)	6.3	6.6	5.4	12.7	12.7	12.8
0 to 5 years (%)	7.0	6.2	9.5	14.3	14.3	14.4
18 to 64 years (%)	6.1	6.3	5.8	10.0	9.8	10.2
65 years and over (%)	2.0	1.7	2.3	5.1	4.1	5.9
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	10,750	5,225	5,525	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Official languages	10,740	5,210	5,525	1,224,985	607,375	617,605
English	10,740	5,215	5,525	1,223,665	606,760	616,905
French	680	235	445	108,560	49,435	59,130
Non-official languages	855	395	460	340,250	165,150	175,100
Aboriginal languages	305	120	180	40,465	19,410	21,050
Algonquian languages	305	120	185	38,305	18,375	19,930
Blackfoot	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	0	20,975	10,025	10,955
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	10
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	85	25	55
Plains Cree	0	0	0	190	90	100
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	1,140	505	640
Woods Cree	0	0	0	130	65	65
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	19,435	9,340	10,095
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Malecite	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	305	120	185	17,710	8,520	9,185
Algonquin	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ojibway	285	115	170	9,685	4,560	5,125
Oji-Cree	20	10	10	8,045	3,975	4,070
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,120	525	595
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,110	520	590
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	1,110	520	595
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	110	55	55
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	80	35	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	15	10	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	210	115	95
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	10	0	10
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	760	365	395
Dakota	0	0	0	760	360	400
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	15	20
Non-Aboriginal languages	560	280	280	299,900	145,795	154,110
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	15,730	8,320	7,410
Berber languages	0	0	0	85	50	40
Kabyle	0	0	0	45	25	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	35	10
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	2,300	1,195	1,105
Bilen	0	0	0	210	120	85
Oromo	0	0	0	535	275	260
Somali	0	0	0	1,550	790	760
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	10
Semitic languages	0	10	0	13,685	7,300	6,390
Amharic	0	0	0	2,475	1,370	1,105
Arabic	0	0	0	6,650	3,590	3,055
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	15	0	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	10	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	3,370	1,735	1,635
Maltese	0	0	0	65	30	35
Tigrigna	0	0	0	2,225	1,175	1,050
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	155	80	80
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	5,230	2,545	2,685
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	335	185	150
Vietnamese	0	0	0	4,905	2,370	2,535
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	105	30	70	65,305	30,220	35,090
Bikol	0	0	0	225	100	125
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,615	805	810
Fijian	0	0	0	65	35	30
Hiligaynon	0	0	10	425	180	245
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,875	880	990
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	375	180	195
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	945	415	530
Pangasinan	0	0	0	205	100	110
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	105	35	75	64,165	29,640	34,520
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	115	55	55
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	200	80	120
Creole languages	0	0	0	1,310	605	705
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	25	10	15
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	635	310	315
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	680	305	375
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	1,840	945	895
Kannada	0	0	0	175	95	80
Malayalam	0	0	0	830	400	430
Tamil	0	0	0	655	330	325
Telugu	0	0	0	255	150	110
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	360	180	185	175,950	86,435	89,510
Albanian	0	0	0	390	195	195
Armenian	0	0	0	65	50	15
Balto-Slavic languages	80	35	45	39,530	18,780	20,745
Baltic languages	0	0	0	230	90	140
Latvian	0	0	0	115	45	70
Lithuanian	0	0	0	120	50	65
Slavic languages	80	35	45	39,360	18,720	20,640
Belarusan	0	0	0	65	25	45
Bosnian	0	0	0	835	405	430
Bulgarian	0	0	0	155	95	60
Croatian	0	0	0	1,595	765	825
Czech	0	10	0	735	335	395
Macedonian	0	0	0	140	75	60
Polish	20	10	10	7,655	3,625	4,035
Russian	0	0	0	13,455	6,715	6,740
Serbian	0	0	0	870	470	400
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	190	75	115
Slovak	0	0	0	480	215	260
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	275	100	175
Ukrainian	60	20	40	17,095	7,795	9,305
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	35	30
Celtic languages	0	0	10	225	125	100
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	10	90	65	25
Welsh	0	0	0	90	45	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	15	25
Germanic languages	130	75	55	68,285	33,250	35,035
Afrikaans	0	0	0	715	330	385
Danish	0	0	0	270	120	150
Dutch	15	0	10	3,120	1,555	1,565
Frisian	0	0	0	90	65	30
German	75	45	35	61,760	30,170	31,600
Icelandic	0	0	0	560	225	335
Norwegian	10	10	10	290	115	175
Swedish	30	20	10	270	125	150
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	270	120	155
Yiddish	0	0	0	545	235	315
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,490	1,285	1,205
Greek	10	10	10	2,010	1,015	1,000
Indo-Iranian languages	25	15	10	38,760	20,480	18,280
Indo-Aryan languages	25	10	15	35,830	18,990	16,835
Bengali	0	0	0	1,520	885	635
Gujarati	0	0	0	3,905	2,065	1,840
Hindi	15	0	10	12,900	6,900	6,000
Kashmiri	0	0	0	20	15	10
Konkani	0	0	0	40	30	10
Marathi	0	0	0	275	170	105
Nepali	10	10	0	600	285	315
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	10	0	22,900	12,035	10,865
Sindhi	0	0	0	150	85	65
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	920	500	420
Urdu	0	0	0	4,600	2,540	2,060
Iranian languages	0	0	0	3,035	1,525	1,515
Kurdish	0	0	0	600	295	305
Pashto	0	0	0	290	135	150
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	2,295	1,175	1,120
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	230	125	105
Italic (Romance) languages	115	50	65	34,360	16,630	17,735
Catalan	0	0	0	15	10	10
Italian	50	30	25	5,350	2,610	2,735
Portuguese	10	10	10	8,460	4,125	4,335
Romanian	0	0	0	785	395	390
Spanish	55	25	30	20,605	9,910	10,695
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	45	15
Japanese	0	10	0	1,160	550	605
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	10	0	15
Georgian	0	0	0	15	0	15
Korean	15	10	0	4,240	2,100	2,145
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	55	20	35
Mongolian	0	0	0	55	20	30
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	0	7,970	4,125	3,845
Akan (Twi)	10	10	0	260	165	95
Bamanankan	0	0	0	160	95	65
Edo	0	0	0	95	60	30
Ewe	10	10	0	50	30	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	50	25	25
Ga	0	0	0	30	10	15
Ganda	0	0	0	230	110	120
Igbo	0	0	0	665	345	325
Lingala	0	0	0	655	315	345
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	205	105	105
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	305	155	155
Shona	0	0	0	250	110	140
Swahili	0	0	0	1,930	1,020	905
Wolof	0	0	0	150	85	70
Yoruba	0	0	0	2,630	1,330	1,295
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,440	765	680
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	410	225	185
Dinka	0	0	0	180	105	75
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	225	120	105
Sign languages	30	25	0	2,670	985	1,685
American Sign Language	10	10	0	1,710	625	1,090
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	20	10	975	365	610
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	25	10	21,130	10,490	10,650
Chinese languages	30	25	10	20,475	10,185	10,285
Cantonese	15	15	10	8,310	3,920	4,390
Hakka	0	0	0	50	30	20
Mandarin	0	0	0	12,825	6,460	6,365
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	480	230	250
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	185	95	85
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	10	10	1,115	600	510
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	0	0	675	310	370
Burmese	15	10	0	185	115	70
Karenic languages	0	0	0	465	200	265
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	145	60	80
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	0	1,565	730	835
Lao	10	0	10	1,120	520	600
Thai	10	0	10	575	270	305
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	510	250	265
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	50	25	30
Turkish	0	0	0	365	180	185
Uyghur	0	0	0	30	15	10
Uzbek	0	0	0	40	20	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	15	30
Uralic languages	10	0	0	1,550	730	815
Estonian	0	0	0	45	20	25
Finnish	0	10	0	265	105	160
Hungarian	0	0	0	1,235	600	635
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	445	290	150
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	10,750	5,225	5,525	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	10,525	5,110	5,420	1,133,080	560,165	572,920
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,125	1,075	1,055	266,225	136,640	129,585
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	8,400	4,035	4,365	866,855	423,520	443,335
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	220	115	110	107,620	54,280	53,340
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	10,750	5,225	5,525	1,240,700	614,445	626,255
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	10,110	4,905	5,205	996,860	494,285	502,570
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	615	300	310	227,465	111,095	116,365
Before 1981	290	150	140	50,025	23,340	26,680
1981 to 1990	45	30	15	20,205	10,190	10,010
1991 to 2000	70	25	40	23,040	11,165	11,875
2001 to 2010	125	60	60	70,985	35,305	35,680
2001 to 2005	50	35	20	22,570	11,195	11,370
2006 to 2010	75	30	45	48,415	24,110	24,305
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	85	30	50	63,210	31,095	32,120
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	25	15	10	16,375	9,055	7,320
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	610	305	315	227,470	111,100	116,370
Under 5 years	110	65	45	25,595	12,975	12,625
5 to 14 years	100	35	60	45,570	23,305	22,265
15 to 24 years	120	65	60	44,585	20,820	23,770
25 to 44 years	260	135	125	93,700	45,160	48,540
45 years and over	25	0	25	18,010	8,845	9,170
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	610	300	310	227,465	111,095	116,365
Americas	155	70	85	31,980	15,285	16,700
Brazil	0	0	0	435	170	265
Colombia	0	0	0	1,050	510	545
El Salvador	0	0	0	2,480	1,325	1,155
Guyana	0	0	0	1,135	515	620
Haiti	0	0	0	155	75	80
Jamaica	0	0	0	1,810	835	970
Mexico	10	0	0	6,655	3,330	3,320
Peru	0	0	0	235	85	150
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	1,505	785	720
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	135	60	75	7,100	3,100	4,000
Other places of birth in Americas	15	10	10	9,425	4,550	4,875
Europe	235	135	95	56,705	27,815	28,890
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	1,055	530	525
Croatia	0	0	0	975	445	535
France	0	0	10	795	425	365
Germany	55	35	20	10,390	5,215	5,175
Greece	0	0	0	820	445	375
Hungary	10	10	0	815	435	375
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	10	650	310	340
Italy	40	25	20	2,755	1,405	1,350
Netherlands	10	0	10	2,250	1,185	1,060
Poland	10	10	0	5,280	2,455	2,820
Portugal	0	0	0	4,380	2,170	2,210
Romania	0	0	0	720	345	375
Russian Federation	10	10	10	4,245	2,035	2,210
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	355	175	175
Ukraine	10	0	0	4,765	2,250	2,515
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	60	35	30	11,665	5,655	6,015
Other places of birth in Europe	20	10	10	4,790	2,325	2,470
Africa	35	10	20	17,975	9,495	8,485
Algeria	0	0	0	115	60	55
Egypt	0	0	0	980	525	455
Ethiopia	0	0	0	2,525	1,360	1,165
Kenya	0	0	0	935	470	465
Morocco	0	0	0	250	140	110
Nigeria	0	0	0	3,820	2,070	1,750
Somalia	0	0	0	755	350	415
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	15	975	465	505
Other places of birth in Africa	20	10	10	7,630	4,055	3,570
Asia	190	80	105	120,230	58,215	62,015
Afghanistan	0	0	0	615	285	330
Bangladesh	0	0	0	880	475	400
China^{Census data footnote 59}	15	10	10	9,250	4,460	4,790
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	10	10	10	1,460	715	735
India	25	15	10	21,990	11,395	10,595
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	1,180	655	530
Iraq	0	0	0	860	460	400
Japan	0	0	0	225	70	150
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	10	10	0	2,880	1,415	1,470
Lebanon	0	0	0	265	165	100
Pakistan	0	0	0	3,125	1,675	1,450
Philippines	105	35	75	61,950	28,800	33,150
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	1,015	515	505
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	805	390	410
Taiwan	0	0	0	215	110	110
Viet Nam	0	0	0	4,225	2,035	2,185
Other places of birth in Asia	25	15	10	9,285	4,590	4,695
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	10	10	0	575	290	280
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	85	35	55	63,210	31,095	32,115
Americas	15	10	10	4,130	1,840	2,290
Brazil	0	0	0	100	35	65
Colombia	0	0	0	185	70	120
Cuba	0	0	0	75	25	55
Haiti	0	0	0	15	10	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	340	175	165
Mexico	0	0	0	875	415	465
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	15	0	10	970	445	525
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	75	30	40
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	1,490	640	850
Europe	10	0	0	5,155	2,650	2,505
France	0	0	0	135	70	75
Germany	0	0	0	580	310	265
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	135	80	60
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	160	85	70
Romania	0	0	0	70	30	35
Russian Federation	0	0	0	1,145	530	610
Ukraine	0	0	0	1,320	670	650
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	550	290	265
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	1,060	590	470
Africa	15	0	15	7,860	4,120	3,735
Algeria	0	0	0	20	10	10
Cameroon	0	0	0	65	45	20
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	740	360	380
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	95	35	60
Egypt	0	0	0	415	220	190
Eritrea	0	0	0	795	430	360
Ethiopia	0	0	0	810	425	380
Morocco	0	0	0	70	30	35
Nigeria	0	0	0	2,630	1,415	1,215
Somalia	0	0	0	385	160	215
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	10	225	110	120
Tunisia	0	0	0	65	45	20
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	0	1,555	820	735
Asia	50	15	30	45,915	22,395	23,520
Afghanistan	0	0	0	60	35	25
Bangladesh	0	0	0	360	195	170
China^{Census data footnote 59}	10	10	0	3,390	1,635	1,760
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	185	105	80
India	0	0	0	10,915	5,675	5,240
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	425	230	195
Iraq	0	0	0	330	175	155
Israel	0	0	0	595	340	260
Japan	0	0	0	45	25	25
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	1,300	665	640
Lebanon	0	0	0	140	100	35
Nepal	0	0	0	210	70	140
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,535	800	735
Philippines	45	10	35	22,885	10,645	12,245
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	325	145	180
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	250	140	115
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	635	325	310
Taiwan	0	0	0	20	0	10
Turkey	0	0	0	40	30	10
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	110	55	55
Viet Nam	0	0	0	495	220	275
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	1,650	785	870
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	150	80	70
Australia	0	0	0	80	25	60
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	65	55	15
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	10,750	5,220	5,530	1,240,695	614,440	626,260
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	705	360	345	249,625	123,035	126,585
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	1,500	670	835	197,530	97,135	100,395
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	8,545	4,195	4,350	793,545	394,265	399,280
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	330	150	180	180,810	89,380	91,425
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	185	80	105	119,845	60,680	59,165
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	85	45	40	44,415	27,435	16,980
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	95	30	65	75,430	33,250	42,185
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	140	70	70	39,875	17,355	22,525
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	10	0	0	20,550	11,155	9,395
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	0	0	0	540	195	345
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	10,750	5,225	5,530	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	2,420	1,160	1,260	223,310	108,495	114,815
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	2,380	1,135	1,245	220,470	107,145	113,330
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	1,305	575	730	130,510	62,955	67,550
Métis	1,070	560	510	89,355	43,895	45,465
Inuk (Inuit)	10	0	0	610	295	310
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	20	0	15	2,020	985	1,030
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	20	15	10	820	365	450
Non-Aboriginal identity	8,330	4,065	4,265	1,017,385	505,945	511,445
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	10,750	5,220	5,525	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	1,330	600	730	127,250	61,300	65,950
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	9,420	4,625	4,795	1,113,450	553,140	560,305
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	10,750	5,225	5,525	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	790	355	430	110,630	53,980	56,645
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	780	355	430	108,055	52,775	55,285
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	645	260	380	93,070	45,490	47,580
Métis single ancestry	140	90	50	14,835	7,210	7,625
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	155	75	80
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	10	0	10	2,570	1,205	1,365
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	10	0	10	2,495	1,160	1,335
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	50	30	15
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	10	10	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	1,565	800	770	114,605	55,480	59,120
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	1,480	760	720	107,535	52,250	55,285
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	745	365	380	40,265	19,440	20,820
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	730	395	340	66,810	32,600	34,215
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	10	460	210	250
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	80	35	45	7,070	3,235	3,835
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	80	30	50	6,800	3,100	3,705
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	120	65	55
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	130	55	80
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	10	10	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	8,395	4,070	4,330	1,015,465	504,980	510,485
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	10,750	5,225	5,525	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	310	145	165	216,850	108,315	108,530
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	45	20	20	42,060	22,200	19,855
Chinese	40	25	20	22,540	11,340	11,195
Black	35	30	10	30,335	15,790	14,550
Filipino	135	50	85	79,815	37,935	41,885
Latin American	15	10	10	9,895	4,840	5,050
Arab	0	0	0	5,030	2,705	2,325
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	10	0	10	8,565	4,155	4,410
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	0	0	0	2,695	1,420	1,270
Korean	15	0	0	4,375	2,195	2,180
Japanese	10	0	10	1,850	880	975
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	10	10	10	3,195	1,610	1,590
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	10	10	0	6,485	3,235	3,250
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	10,435	5,080	5,365	1,023,850	506,125	517,725
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	10,750	5,225	5,525	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
North American Aboriginal origins	2,350	1,150	1,200	225,230	109,465	115,770
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,475	660	810	142,820	69,305	73,510
Inuit	10	10	10	955	460	500
Métis	955	515	440	91,120	44,150	46,970
Other North American origins	3,085	1,485	1,600	247,670	123,075	124,600
Acadian	0	0	10	645	325	320
American	135	60	80	9,220	4,605	4,615
Canadian	2,970	1,440	1,535	240,835	119,610	121,225
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	10	0	10
Newfoundlander	0	10	0	215	130	90
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	20	15	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	20	20	0
Québécois	0	10	0	280	150	125
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	10	0	0	30	10	25
European origins	8,365	4,030	4,330	826,210	406,770	419,445
British Isles origins	5,495	2,585	2,910	421,515	206,840	214,675
Channel Islander	0	0	0	45	25	25
Cornish	0	0	0	85	45	40
English	3,200	1,540	1,660	245,960	119,975	125,985
Irish	2,135	950	1,185	156,145	74,290	81,850
Manx	0	0	0	200	100	100
Scottish	2,540	1,210	1,330	208,065	100,790	107,265
Welsh	225	85	130	17,760	8,575	9,180
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	210	75	135	19,610	9,260	10,355
French origins	2,180	1,010	1,165	148,810	72,060	76,750
Alsatian	0	0	0	20	15	15
Breton	0	0	0	120	40	75
Corsican	0	0	0	0	10	0
French	2,180	1,015	1,170	148,740	72,020	76,720
Western European origins (except French origins)	2,035	965	1,065	286,985	141,285	145,705
Austrian	110	45	60	12,325	6,190	6,135
Bavarian	0	0	0	15	10	0
Belgian	50	30	20	21,510	10,495	11,020
Dutch	425	220	205	55,525	27,375	28,150
Flemish	20	0	20	965	445	515
Frisian	0	0	0	140	75	55
German	1,570	730	840	220,735	108,650	112,080
Luxembourger	0	10	0	155	65	90
Swiss	30	0	25	5,475	2,660	2,810
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	140	65	75
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,835	915	925	80,295	38,580	41,720
Danish	80	45	35	7,895	3,850	4,050
Finnish	285	140	145	4,000	1,905	2,095
Icelandic	240	105	135	31,090	15,265	15,825
Norwegian	570	225	345	19,600	9,145	10,455
Swedish	1,000	550	450	22,470	10,530	11,945
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	30	10	25	2,540	1,260	1,285
Eastern European origins	2,195	1,075	1,125	287,695	141,310	146,380
Bulgarian	15	0	10	330	190	145
Byelorussian	0	0	0	885	430	455
Czech	35	25	10	4,590	2,165	2,425
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	100	55	40	2,155	1,120	1,040
Estonian	0	0	0	190	80	115
Hungarian	105	55	55	10,120	4,990	5,125
Latvian	0	0	0	1,365	655	715
Lithuanian	20	0	10	1,455	750	705
Moldovan	0	0	0	325	170	160
Polish	700	365	330	88,090	42,670	45,420
Romanian	25	20	0	5,835	2,790	3,045
Russian	145	80	60	58,225	28,625	29,605
Slovak	0	0	0	2,190	1,055	1,135
Ukrainian	1,440	665	770	180,055	88,615	91,445
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	895	415	480
Southern European origins	530	225	305	59,915	29,445	30,470
Albanian	0	0	0	415	220	195
Bosnian	0	0	0	1,030	505	520
Catalan	0	0	0	15	0	15
Croatian	0	0	0	2,930	1,430	1,500
Cypriot	0	0	0	45	25	15
Greek	45	20	20	4,130	2,070	2,060
Italian	420	185	235	23,210	11,675	11,530
Kosovar	0	0	0	45	20	25
Macedonian	0	0	0	225	120	110
Maltese	0	0	0	360	165	195
Montenegrin	0	0	0	40	10	30
Portuguese	25	10	20	14,540	7,215	7,320
Serbian	0	0	0	1,240	660	580
Sicilian	0	0	0	235	110	125
Slovenian	0	0	0	1,005	485	520
Spanish	35	0	35	12,625	5,680	6,945
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	15	10	0	1,060	540	525
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	65	40	30
Other European origins	10	10	0	10,950	5,550	5,400
Basque	0	0	0	100	65	35
Jewish	10	0	0	8,455	4,250	4,200
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	155	70	85
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	185	100	85
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	0	0	0	2,130	1,090	1,040
Caribbean origins	20	10	10	10,805	5,355	5,450
Antiguan	0	0	0	60	20	40
Bahamian	0	0	0	60	35	25
Barbadian	0	0	0	740	390	350
Bermudan	0	0	0	40	30	15
Carib	0	0	0	65	30	40
Cuban	0	0	0	340	155	190
Dominican	0	0	0	275	145	135
Grenadian	20	10	10	160	85	80
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	235	90	150
Jamaican	0	0	0	4,585	2,250	2,335
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	70	25	45
St. Lucian	0	0	0	30	20	15
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	2,395	1,240	1,160
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	190	90	105
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	0	0	0	1,465	705	760
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	0	665	360	305
Latin, Central and South American origins	80	55	20	23,115	11,555	11,565
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	650	330	320
Arawak	0	0	0	10	10	10
Argentinian	0	0	0	475	230	245
Belizean	0	0	0	200	105	100
Bolivian	0	10	0	300	160	140
Brazilian	0	0	0	830	375	455
Chilean	0	0	0	1,520	720	795
Colombian	15	10	0	1,400	680	715
Costa Rican	0	0	0	65	40	25
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	125	70	55
Guatemalan	0	0	0	505	240	260
Guyanese	10	10	0	1,485	770	715
Hispanic	0	0	0	425	210	220
Honduran	0	0	0	520	245	280
Maya	0	0	0	220	135	80
Mexican	50	40	10	8,790	4,440	4,350
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	370	200	170
Panamanian	0	0	0	50	10	40
Paraguayan	0	10	0	2,080	1,070	1,010
Peruvian	0	0	0	350	130	225
Salvadorean	0	0	0	2,735	1,425	1,315
Uruguayan	0	0	0	35	10	20
Venezuelan	0	0	0	240	95	150
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	1,045	525	520
African origins	90	60	25	28,860	14,980	13,885
Central and West African origins	0	10	0	8,665	4,585	4,085
Akan	0	0	0	35	10	25
Angolan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	25	10	10
Beninese	0	0	0	55	45	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	20	10	10
Cameroonian	0	0	0	145	80	70
Chadian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Congolese	0	0	0	1,575	785	790
Edo	0	0	0	130	85	45
Ewe	0	0	0	15	10	10
Gabonese	0	0	0	25	20	10
Gambian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ghanaian	10	10	0	380	220	170
Guinean	0	0	0	70	20	50
Ibo	0	0	0	435	205	225
Ivorian	0	0	0	120	45	75
Liberian	0	0	0	80	20	55
Malian	0	0	0	140	85	55
Malinké	0	0	0	35	20	10
Nigerian	0	0	0	3,860	2,130	1,735
Peulh	0	0	0	25	15	15
Senegalese	0	0	0	115	70	40
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	320	155	165
Togolese	0	0	0	115	60	55
Wolof	0	0	0	25	10	15
Yoruba	0	0	0	1,050	540	510
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	545	260	285
North African origins	10	10	0	3,690	1,980	1,705
Algerian	0	0	0	100	35	60
Berber	0	0	0	150	90	55
Coptic	0	0	0	85	45	40
Dinka	0	0	0	30	25	10
Egyptian	0	0	0	1,335	720	620
Libyan	0	0	0	360	175	185
Maure	0	0	0	100	70	30
Moroccan	0	0	0	350	190	160
Sudanese	10	10	0	1,075	580	500
Tunisian	0	0	0	130	65	60
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	75	40	35
Southern and East African origins	45	30	15	10,500	5,420	5,080
Afrikaner	0	0	0	65	40	30
Amhara	0	0	0	140	100	45
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	150	90	65
Burundian	0	0	0	235	110	125
Djiboutian	0	0	0	45	30	15
Eritrean	0	0	0	2,300	1,240	1,055
Ethiopian	0	0	0	2,900	1,505	1,395
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	335	165	170
Malagasy	0	0	0	25	15	10
Mauritian	0	0	0	245	125	115
Oromo	0	0	0	325	185	140
Rwandan	0	0	0	300	145	155
Seychellois	0	0	0	45	20	30
Somali	0	0	0	1,740	900	845
South African	40	30	10	730	310	420
Tanzanian	0	0	0	90	55	30
Tigrian	0	0	0	320	200	120
Ugandan	0	0	0	255	125	130
Zambian	0	0	0	200	95	110
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	310	150	160
Zulu	0	0	0	30	15	10
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	440	230	210
Other African origins	30	15	15	6,670	3,350	3,325
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	0	0	10	825	405	415
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	20	15	0	5,925	2,965	2,965
Asian origins	250	95	155	178,655	88,885	89,765
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	10	0	10	11,850	6,130	5,715
Afghan	0	0	0	1,010	485	530
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	0	0	0	1,755	975	785
Armenian	10	10	0	495	250	250
Assyrian	0	0	0	40	30	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	55	35	20
Georgian	0	0	0	110	60	45
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	1,885	1,015	870
Iraqi	0	0	0	925	480	450
Israeli	0	0	0	775	410	360
Jordanian	0	0	0	235	100	135
Kazakh	0	0	0	335	185	145
Kurd	0	0	0	305	145	160
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	40	20	25
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	45	30	20
Lebanese	0	0	10	1,375	700	675
Palestinian	0	0	0	620	340	275
Pashtun	0	0	0	65	25	40
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	170	95	70
Syrian	0	0	0	1,115	535	580
Tajik	0	0	0	55	20	40
Tatar	0	0	0	310	155	155
Turk	0	0	0	655	315	340
Turkmen	0	0	0	10	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	70	45	20
Yemeni	0	0	0	100	45	55
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	305	145	155
South Asian origins	30	20	20	43,155	22,710	20,440
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	880	500	385
Bengali	0	0	0	200	115	85
Bhutanese	0	0	0	140	55	85
East Indian	25	10	15	34,470	18,110	16,355
Goan	0	0	0	50	30	30
Gujarati	0	0	0	220	120	100
Kashmiri	0	0	0	30	10	15
Nepali	10	10	0	500	250	250
Pakistani	0	0	0	3,370	1,795	1,575
Punjabi	0	0	0	3,830	1,995	1,840
Sinhalese	0	0	0	280	145	135
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	1,090	545	545
Tamil	0	0	0	245	145	105
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	725	415	305
East and Southeast Asian origins	205	75	130	124,100	60,175	63,925
Burmese	0	0	0	260	125	135
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	525	280	240
Chinese	70	30	40	30,150	14,980	15,170
Filipino	135	50	90	83,530	39,955	43,580
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	530	265	265
Japanese	10	0	10	2,675	1,305	1,365
Karen	0	0	0	455	195	255
Korean	15	0	10	4,545	2,300	2,240
Laotian	0	0	0	1,730	820	910
Malaysian	0	0	0	470	240	230
Mongolian	0	0	0	150	60	90
Singaporean	0	0	0	20	10	10
Taiwanese	0	0	0	150	90	60
Thai	0	0	10	750	335	420
Tibetan	0	0	0	15	10	10
Vietnamese	0	0	0	5,850	2,915	2,935
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	145	70	80
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	575	320	260
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	575	320	260
Oceania origins	10	10	0	1,525	740	785
Australian	10	0	10	910	415	495
New Zealander	10	10	0	315	170	140
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	345	180	165
Fijian	0	0	0	80	45	30
Hawaiian	0	0	0	60	30	30
Maori	0	0	0	55	30	25
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	95	45	45
Samoan	0	0	0	25	0	15
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	65	30	35
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	4,850	...	...	489,050	...	...
Owner	3,400	...	...	336,170	...	...
Renter	1,455	...	...	140,260	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	12,620	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	4,850	...	...	489,050	...	...
Condominium	150	...	...	33,325	...	...
Not condominium	4,700	...	...	455,725	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	4,850	...	...	489,050	...	...
No bedrooms	30	...	...	3,745	...	...
1 bedroom	620	...	...	63,040	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,465	...	...	121,520	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,685	...	...	175,500	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,045	...	...	125,240	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	4,850	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,220	...	...	132,410	...	...
5 rooms	880	...	...	82,935	...	...
6 rooms	905	...	...	78,750	...	...
7 rooms	640	...	...	64,560	...	...
8 or more rooms	1,195	...	...	130,400	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	4,850	...	...	489,050	...	...
One person or fewer per room	4,800	...	...	473,625	...	...
More than 1 person per room	45	...	...	15,420	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	4,850	...	...	489,050	...	...
Suitable	4,655	...	...	456,365	...	...
Not suitable	195	...	...	32,680	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	4,845	...	...	489,050	...	...
1960 or before	2,460	...	...	142,200	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,325	...	...	158,180	...	...
1981 to 1990	535	...	...	65,190	...	...
1991 to 2000	340	...	...	42,740	...	...
2001 to 2005	70	...	...	20,815	...	...
2006 to 2010	90	...	...	27,880	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	30	...	...	32,035	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	4,845	...	...	489,050	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	4,330	...	...	444,995	...	...
Major repairs needed	515	...	...	44,055	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	4,845	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 household maintainer	3,110	...	...	290,830	...	...
2 household maintainers	1,660	...	...	187,775	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	80	...	...	10,445	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	4,850	...	...	489,050	...	...
15 to 24 years	155	...	...	17,240	...	...
25 to 34 years	555	...	...	74,950	...	...
35 to 44 years	705	...	...	84,800	...	...
45 to 54 years	940	...	...	95,135	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,100	...	...	96,255	...	...
65 to 74 years	705	...	...	67,475	...	...
75 to 84 years	445	...	...	37,760	...	...
85 years and over	245	...	...	15,440	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	4,840	...	...	461,870	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	3,855	...	...	373,860	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	985	...	...	88,010	...	...
30% to less than 100%	945	...	...	76,075	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,395	...	...	324,120	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	58.6	...	...	60.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	11.5	...	...	11.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	958	...	...	973	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,070	...	...	1,085	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	200,222	...	...	275,473	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	234,394	...	...	297,444	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,455	...	...	138,905	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	30.7	...	...	19.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	41.0	...	...	36.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	864	...	...	868	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	854	...	...	891	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	8,950	4,335	4,615	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,820	985	840	220,390	116,570	103,820
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	2,740	1,330	1,410	296,355	147,040	149,320
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,385	2,025	2,365	484,555	227,975	256,585
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	740	600	145	77,000	54,090	22,910
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	315	220	100	37,490	21,985	15,500
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	425	380	45	39,515	32,110	7,410
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	2,060	800	1,260	177,620	72,785	104,840
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	145	55	90	28,940	12,075	16,860
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,445	570	870	200,990	89,020	111,970
Bachelor's degree	1,030	370	655	143,780	61,350	82,430
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	140	75	70	16,040	6,675	9,365
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	65	30	35	6,105	3,515	2,595
Master's degree	205	85	115	29,305	13,830	15,470
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	10	10	0	5,765	3,645	2,115
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	5,750	2,800	2,955	654,670	323,300	331,370
No certificate, diploma or degree	710	400	310	94,310	54,700	39,610
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	1,795	900	895	182,335	93,000	89,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,245	1,500	1,745	378,030	175,595	202,435
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	510	435	80	53,800	38,185	15,620
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	205	155	50	25,955	15,460	10,490
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	305	275	25	27,850	22,725	5,125
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	1,595	660	935	137,930	57,445	80,485
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	75	25	50	21,215	8,995	12,220
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,060	380	685	165,085	70,970	94,115
Bachelor's degree	770	255	515	119,150	50,120	69,035
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	80	45	35	12,185	4,840	7,350
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	40	10	30	5,075	2,705	2,370
Master's degree	160	60	100	24,410	10,815	13,595
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	10	10	0	4,270	2,495	1,770
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	8,950	4,330	4,620	1,001,305	491,585	509,725
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	4,560	2,310	2,250	516,750	263,605	253,140
Education	520	165	350	44,855	11,705	33,145
13. Education	515	165	350	44,855	11,710	33,145
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	55	20	35	13,170	6,230	6,940
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20	10	0	2,415	1,860	550
50. Visual and performing arts	40	10	35	10,755	4,365	6,390
Humanities	130	65	65	23,030	9,915	13,110
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	0	0	0	1,775	400	1,380
23. English language and literature/letters	50	15	35	3,905	1,110	2,795
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	30	10	15	7,065	2,820	4,240
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	60	25	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	10	0	1,590	940	650
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	30	0	4,510	2,590	1,925
54. History	10	10	0	3,410	1,855	1,555
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	705	175	530
Social and behavioural sciences and law	435	160	275	46,555	15,805	30,750
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	15	10	880	220	660
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	20	15	10	3,115	1,225	1,890
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	135	10	125	10,760	795	9,965
22. Legal professions and studies	70	30	40	7,130	2,365	4,760
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	0	10	0	955	305	650
42. Psychology	50	25	30	8,155	2,385	5,770
45. Social sciences	135	75	60	15,565	8,510	7,055
Business, management and public administration	815	210	600	95,115	34,865	60,255
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	10	320	105	210
44. Public administration and social service professions	170	25	150	7,670	1,875	5,790
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	635	185	445	87,125	32,875	54,250
Physical and life sciences and technologies	115	70	50	16,120	8,165	7,950
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	55	30	25	6,625	2,990	3,640
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	25	20	10	4,325	2,285	2,040
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	15	10	0	470	70	395
40. Physical sciences	10	10	10	3,685	2,585	1,095
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	10	0	1,020	240	780
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	75	25	50	18,425	11,380	7,050
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	50	20	30	15,225	10,050	5,175
25. Library science	15	0	15	1,140	175	965
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	10	0	1,945	1,080	865
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	120	75	40
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	825	805	20	96,625	89,275	7,350
04. Architecture and related services	20	15	0	2,420	1,380	1,040
14. Engineering	50	50	10	16,205	13,530	2,675
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	135	135	0	17,815	15,975	1,845
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	265	265	0	22,160	21,705	450
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	270	270	0	27,485	26,650	830
48. Precision production	80	75	10	10,530	10,030	505
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	135	115	25	14,540	10,260	4,275
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	35	25	15	11,380	8,280	3,100
03. Natural resources and conservation	105	90	10	3,160	1,980	1,180
Health and related fields	895	145	745	87,795	16,505	71,290
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	55	0	45	4,105	1,945	2,155
51. Health professions and related programs	820	135	690	81,865	13,450	68,415
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	15	10	10	1,825	1,110	715
Personal, protective and transportation services	385	235	145	28,275	13,845	14,435
12. Personal and culinary services	140	45	95	16,750	4,095	12,655
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	90	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	240	230	10
43. Security and protective services	120	80	40	5,005	3,680	1,330
49. Transportation and materials moving	125	110	10	6,185	5,750	435
Other	10	0	0	60	30	35
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	10	60	25	35
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	5,750	2,800	2,955	654,670	323,300	331,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	2,505	1,300	1,210	276,645	147,710	128,935
Education	355	115	240	31,645	7,860	23,785
13. Education	350	110	240	31,650	7,865	23,785
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	55	20	35	10,350	4,875	5,475
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	10	10	1,815	1,335	480
50. Visual and performing arts	40	10	30	8,540	3,545	4,990
Humanities	80	35	50	17,250	7,370	9,880
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	0	0	0	1,485	330	1,155
23. English language and literature/letters	25	0	25	2,930	810	2,120
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	20	0	20	5,420	2,245	3,180
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	55	30	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	1,230	715	515
39. Theology and religious vocations	20	25	0	3,255	1,835	1,420
54. History	0	0	0	2,365	1,275	1,090
55. French language and literature/letters	10	0	10	505	135	370
Social and behavioural sciences and law	360	115	240	38,120	12,380	25,740
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	10	740	185	555
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	20	10	10	2,575	965	1,610
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	120	0	120	8,805	605	8,195
22. Legal professions and studies	55	25	30	6,085	1,795	4,285
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	0	0	0	815	265	550
42. Psychology	35	10	25	6,370	1,720	4,645
45. Social sciences	105	55	50	12,730	6,835	5,895
Business, management and public administration	605	170	435	76,370	27,865	48,495
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	270	95	175
44. Public administration and social service professions	140	20	120	6,145	1,335	4,810
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	465	150	315	69,950	26,440	43,510
Physical and life sciences and technologies	85	40	40	12,195	5,930	6,270
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	50	25	25	5,290	2,265	3,025
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	20	15	0	3,005	1,595	1,405
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	10	0	405	65	345
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	2,805	1,855	950
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	690	150	545
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	70	30	45	15,955	9,965	5,985
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	45	15	30	13,600	9,015	4,585
25. Library science	15	0	15	790	135	650
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	10	0	1,465	760	700
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	100	60	45
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	595	580	20	73,680	67,440	6,240
04. Architecture and related services	15	10	0	2,025	1,160	865
14. Engineering	15	15	10	13,705	11,305	2,405
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	115	110	0	13,840	12,265	1,575
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	185	190	0	16,060	15,690	365
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	195	200	0	20,395	19,765	625
48. Precision production	60	55	10	7,655	7,250	405
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	105	90	15	11,450	7,800	3,645
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	30	25	10	8,760	6,170	2,590
03. Natural resources and conservation	75	65	10	2,695	1,635	1,060
Health and related fields	610	105	505	69,600	13,415	56,185
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	35	0	35	3,310	1,585	1,715
51. Health professions and related programs	560	100	460	64,870	11,020	53,850
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	15	0	10	1,430	810	620
Personal, protective and transportation services	320	200	120	21,365	10,660	10,705
12. Personal and culinary services	110	40	70	12,255	2,980	9,275
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	90	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	110	105	0
43. Security and protective services	110	70	40	4,025	2,945	1,080
49. Transportation and materials moving	100	95	10	4,885	4,545	340
Other	10	0	10	50	30	25
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	50	25	25
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	8,950	4,330	4,615	1,001,305	491,585	509,725
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,565	2,310	2,255	516,750	263,610	253,145
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	4,390	2,020	2,360	484,555	227,975	256,585
Location of study inside Canada	4,110	1,900	2,210	403,775	188,230	215,540
Same as province or territory of residence	2,880	1,340	1,540	352,390	162,050	190,340
Different than province or territory of residence	1,235	560	670	51,385	26,185	25,200
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	275	120	155	80,785	39,745	41,040
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	125	65	55	9,155	4,910	4,245
Philippines	55	15	35	26,450	11,595	14,860
India	10	0	10	10,365	5,300	5,070
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	15	10	15	4,180	2,350	1,825
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	2,865	1,330	1,535
France	0	0	0	395	235	165
Other	70	25	45	27,375	14,030	13,345
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	5,750	2,795	2,950	654,670	323,300	331,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,505	1,300	1,205	276,640	147,705	128,935
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	3,245	1,500	1,745	378,035	175,595	202,440
Location of study inside Canada	3,015	1,400	1,610	309,655	142,710	166,950
Same as province or territory of residence	2,085	985	1,105	270,435	123,090	147,340
Different than province or territory of residence	925	420	510	39,225	19,615	19,610
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	230	90	135	68,375	32,885	35,485
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	95	45	50	6,215	3,005	3,210
Philippines	50	20	35	24,495	10,775	13,720
India	15	10	10	9,430	4,770	4,660
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	10	0	10	2,465	1,385	1,080
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	2,630	1,210	1,420
France	0	0	0	340	195	145
Other	55	20	35	22,805	11,555	11,255
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	8,950	4,330	4,615	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
In the labour force	5,810	2,870	2,940	662,155	347,685	314,465
Employed	5,365	2,605	2,760	617,465	322,130	295,335
Unemployed	440	260	180	44,690	25,560	19,130
Not in the labour force	3,135	1,465	1,675	339,155	143,895	195,260
Participation rate	64.9	66.3	63.7	66.1	70.7	61.7
Employment rate	59.9	60.2	59.8	61.7	65.5	57.9
Unemployment rate	7.6	9.1	6.1	6.7	7.4	6.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	8,950	4,335	4,615	1,001,310	491,585	509,725
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	2,845	1,270	1,570	312,495	131,600	180,900
Worked	6,105	3,065	3,045	688,810	359,980	328,830
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	3,150	1,695	1,455	358,800	206,460	152,330
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	2,950	1,365	1,585	330,010	153,520	176,495
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.3	42.4	42.2	42.9	43.5	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	5,815	2,865	2,945	662,155	347,685	314,465
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	65	35	35	12,625	6,125	6,505
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	5,740	2,835	2,910	649,530	341,560	307,965
Employee	5,270	2,565	2,705	580,885	296,560	284,325
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	475	270	205	68,645	45,000	23,640
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	5,810	2,870	2,945	662,155	347,690	314,470
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	70	30	35	12,625	6,125	6,505
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	5,745	2,835	2,905	649,525	341,565	307,965
0 Management occupations	535	300	235	71,455	45,945	25,510
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	685	150	540	96,050	27,530	68,515
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	210	185	25	34,135	26,895	7,240
3 Health occupations	475	90	390	52,280	10,830	41,450
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,170	410	760	86,055	27,425	58,630
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	75	35	45	14,355	6,025	8,325
6 Sales and service occupations	1,360	540	820	144,490	62,735	81,760
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,010	955	50	102,660	97,500	5,160
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	125	80	40	18,400	14,490	3,910
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	95	90	10	29,650	22,180	7,475
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	5,810	2,870	2,945	662,155	347,685	314,465
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	70	35	35	12,625	6,120	6,500
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	5,745	2,835	2,910	649,525	341,560	307,965
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	75	40	35	28,680	20,765	7,920
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	50	50	10	5,460	4,830	635
22 Utilities	55	60	0	7,390	5,625	1,765
23 Construction	550	505	45	49,575	43,990	5,585
31-33 Manufacturing	240	205	35	54,645	40,800	13,845
41 Wholesale trade	70	55	15	21,890	16,040	5,850
44-45 Retail trade	730	355	375	69,700	33,960	35,740
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	245	175	70	35,490	28,350	7,145
51 Information and cultural industries	75	45	25	10,875	6,085	4,790
52 Finance and insurance	115	15	100	25,885	9,615	16,270
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	85	30	50	8,235	4,565	3,670
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	180	65	110	28,470	14,790	13,680
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	635	250	380
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	165	100	65	22,285	13,105	9,170
61 Educational services	575	175	400	55,025	17,480	37,540
62 Health care and social assistance	1,025	180	850	93,960	18,345	75,615
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	70	40	30	12,980	6,620	6,360
72 Accommodation and food services	565	240	320	43,655	17,430	26,230
81 Other services (except public administration)	290	125	170	28,055	13,740	14,315
91 Public administration	585	370	215	46,645	25,180	21,465
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	5,370	2,605	2,765	617,465	322,125	295,335
Worked at home	190	85	100	42,530	23,485	19,050
Worked outside Canada	15	10	10	1,935	1,305	630
No fixed workplace address	580	470	110	68,420	52,715	15,710
Worked at usual place	4,585	2,045	2,545	504,580	244,620	259,960
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	4,590	2,045	2,540	504,580	244,620	259,960
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	4,370	1,910	2,465	384,465	181,650	202,820
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	130	75	55	50,350	23,760	26,580
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	25	20	10	66,495	37,055	29,435
Commute to a different province or territory	60	40	15	3,275	2,150	1,120
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	5,165	2,515	2,655	573,005	297,335	275,665
Car, truck, van - as a driver	4,105	2,055	2,050	431,755	237,860	193,895
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	325	130	190	40,595	14,520	26,070
Public transit	80	25	55	53,740	21,780	31,955
Walked	545	235	310	32,330	13,815	18,520
Bicycle	50	30	25	8,175	5,670	2,505
Other method	65	40	25	6,410	3,695	2,715
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	5,165	2,515	2,650	573,000	297,340	275,665
Less than 15 minutes	3,570	1,585	1,985	185,120	87,795	97,320
15 to 29 minutes	1,270	740	525	208,570	108,680	99,890
30 to 44 minutes	185	100	85	115,090	63,555	51,535
45 to 59 minutes	50	35	20	36,755	20,485	16,270
60 minutes and over	95	55	40	27,470	16,820	10,650
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	5,170	2,515	2,655	573,000	297,335	275,665
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	215	160	60	28,060	20,145	7,915
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	845	570	275	104,545	65,630	38,925
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,485	790	695	168,760	90,125	78,630
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,490	470	1,020	126,090	50,885	75,200
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	380	130	250	53,120	22,305	30,810
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	755	390	365	92,430	48,240	44,190
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	6,225	3,110	3,115	710,830	370,255	340,575
Single responses	6,195	3,105	3,095	702,445	366,000	336,445
Official languages	6,185	3,095	3,090	694,855	361,770	333,090
English	6,160	3,090	3,075	688,400	359,660	328,730
French	25	10	25	6,455	2,100	4,355
Non-official languages	10	10	0	7,590	4,235	3,360
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	1,815	1,025	800
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	1,755	990	755
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	985	565	420
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	980	565	415
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	10	770	430	335
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	10	0	0	230	125	110
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	535	310	230
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	55	25	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	60	25	30
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	55	30	30
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	10	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	0	10	0	5,770	3,215	2,560
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	300	155	145
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	30	10	20
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	270	145	125
Amharic	0	0	0	15	0	10
Arabic	0	0	0	105	70	40
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	115	50	65
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	35	25	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	140	35	100
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	140	35	100
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	485	245	240
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	10	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	10	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	470	235	240
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	3,115	1,865	1,255
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	480	245	235
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	480	245	235
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	65	50	20
Russian	0	0	0	280	145	135
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	110	40	70
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	1,300	790	505
Afrikaans	0	0	0	10	10	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	40	10	30
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	950	585	370
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Swedish	0	0	0	0	10	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	290	185	105
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	755	505	260
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	685	455	225
Bengali	0	0	0	20	0	15
Gujarati	0	0	0	10	10	10
Hindi	0	0	0	40	40	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	10	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	605	400	210
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	10	0	10
Iranian languages	0	0	0	75	45	30
Kurdish	0	0	0	10	10	10
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	65	45	20
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	580	330	245
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Portuguese	0	0	0	330	215	115
Romanian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Spanish	0	0	0	220	100	125
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	305	150	150
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	15	15	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	10	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	210	80	135
American Sign Language	0	0	0	155	65	95
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	55	15	45
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	1,170	650	515
Chinese languages	0	10	0	1,160	650	515
Cantonese	10	0	0	690	380	315
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	440	255	185
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Lao	0	0	0	10	0	10
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	25	10	15	8,390	4,255	4,125
English and French	15	10	10	2,655	1,150	1,505
English and non-official language	10	0	10	5,680	3,085	2,590
French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	45	20	30
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	6,220	3,105	3,115	710,835	370,255	340,575
None	6,040	3,060	2,985	662,595	346,710	315,885
English	30	10	25	8,550	3,690	4,855
French	45	10	30	13,320	5,825	7,495
Non-official language	100	30	70	25,960	13,815	12,145
Aboriginal	75	25	50	6,500	3,245	3,255
Non-Aboriginal	30	10	20	19,460	10,575	8,890
English and French	0	0	0	10	0	10
English and non-official language	0	0	0	65	45	20
French and non-official language	0	0	10	335	160	175
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	10,665	5,200	5,470	1,225,480	606,585	618,895
Non-movers	9,560	4,675	4,890	1,064,380	527,020	537,360
Movers	1,100	525	580	161,100	79,570	81,535
Non-migrants	760	370	390	105,090	52,025	53,065
Migrants	340	150	190	56,010	27,545	28,465
Internal migrants	325	145	180	41,305	20,285	21,020
Intraprovincial migrants	240	85	155	30,395	14,720	15,675
Interprovincial migrants	85	60	25	10,915	5,565	5,345
External migrants	15	10	10	14,705	7,260	7,445
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	10,200	4,940	5,255	1,161,240	573,310	587,930
Non-movers	6,970	3,375	3,595	718,640	355,585	363,050
Movers	3,230	1,565	1,665	442,600	217,725	224,875
Non-migrants	1,940	930	1,015	261,015	128,560	132,455
Migrants	1,285	635	650	181,585	89,165	92,420
Internal migrants	1,170	580	595	117,135	56,880	60,260
Intraprovincial migrants	750	350	395	86,295	41,295	45,000
Interprovincial migrants	425	225	200	30,840	15,580	15,260
External migrants	115	60	55	64,445	32,285	32,165

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 53 referrer

Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Kenora [Population centre], Ontario and Manitoba [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 24, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Kenora [Population centre], Ontario and Manitoba [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Kenora [Population centre], Ontario and Manitoba [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Kenora [Population centre], Ontario and Manitoba [Province]