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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Toronto [Population centre], Ontario and Brampton, City [Census subdivision], Ontario

Charts (using rates) Download Hierarchies

The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Toronto Ontario [Population centre]			Brampton, CY Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Toronto [Population centre], Ontario Map : Toronto [Population centre], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Brampton, City [Census subdivision], Ontario Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	5,429,524	...	...	593,638	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	5,144,412 ^r	...	...	523,906^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	5.5	...	...	13.3	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	2,059,207	...	...	173,428	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	1,967,380	...	...	168,011	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3,028.2	...	...	2,228.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,792.99	...	...	266.36	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	5,429,540	2,630,030	2,799,510	593,640	293,535	300,105
0 to 14 years	886,880	455,160	431,725	120,245	62,305	57,940
0 to 4 years	279,435	143,100	136,330	37,520	19,485	18,040
5 to 9 years	303,845	155,985	147,855	41,680	21,520	20,160
10 to 14 years	303,605	156,065	147,540	41,040	21,300	19,740
15 to 64 years	3,752,140	1,824,300	1,927,840	407,125	200,510	206,620
15 to 19 years	333,875	171,965	161,915	42,820	22,450	20,370
20 to 24 years	383,245	195,315	187,930	42,800	22,380	20,420
25 to 29 years	398,310	196,715	201,595	40,200	19,870	20,330
30 to 34 years	388,955	187,000	201,955	43,095	20,195	22,900
35 to 39 years	371,100	174,030	197,075	44,275	20,550	23,720
40 to 44 years	377,095	177,105	199,985	43,780	20,885	22,895
45 to 49 years	401,610	191,170	210,440	42,865	20,965	21,900
50 to 54 years	419,655	204,850	214,810	42,095	21,135	20,965
55 to 59 years	372,655	180,855	191,795	35,815	17,910	17,905
60 to 64 years	305,640	145,295	160,345	29,380	14,165	15,215
65 years and over	790,515	350,565	439,945	66,270	30,720	35,550
65 to 69 years	257,495	121,000	136,495	24,895	11,855	13,035
70 to 74 years	180,655	83,640	97,015	17,095	8,300	8,795
75 to 79 years	140,090	62,395	77,705	11,370	5,300	6,065
80 to 84 years	104,975	45,295	59,685	7,065	3,140	3,925
85 years and over	107,290	38,240	69,050	5,840	2,120	3,720
85 to 89 years	67,280	26,150	41,130	3,825	1,530	2,290
90 to 94 years	31,290	9,890	21,400	1,575	485	1,090
95 to 99 years	7,520	1,985	5,540	360	80	285
100 years and over	1,195	220	980	75	15	60
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.3	17.3	15.4	20.3	21.2	19.3
15 to 64 years	69.1	69.4	68.9	68.6	68.3	68.8
65 years and over	14.6	13.3	15.7	11.2	10.5	11.8
85 years and over	2.0	1.5	2.5	1.0	0.7	1.2
Average age of the population	39.8	38.7	40.7	36.5	35.8	37.3
Median age of the population	39.4	38.1	40.4	35.8	34.9	36.7
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	1,967,380	...	...	168,010	...	...
Single-detached house	721,585	...	...	87,550	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	622,945	...	...	17,535	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	622,360	...	...	62,905	...	...
Semi-detached house	148,745	...	...	23,035	...	...
Row house	178,590	...	...	20,670	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	85,880	...	...	11,235	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	205,820	...	...	7,945	...	...
Other single-attached house	3,320	...	...	20	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	495	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	1,967,380	...	...	168,010	...	...
1 person	492,315	...	...	20,820	...	...
2 persons	547,370	...	...	34,495	...	...
3 persons	343,060	...	...	31,210	...	...
4 persons	340,325	...	...	39,420	...	...
5 or more persons	244,310	...	...	42,060	...	...
Number of persons in private households	5,370,520	...	...	590,945	...	...
Average household size	2.7	...	...	3.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	4,542,655	2,174,870	2,367,785	473,395	231,230	242,165
Married or living common law	2,503,410	1,251,495	1,251,915	281,360	140,610	140,750
Married	2,243,340	1,119,090	1,124,250	262,150	131,025	131,125
Living common law	260,075	132,405	127,665	19,210	9,590	9,630
Not married and not living common law	2,039,245	923,375	1,115,870	192,035	90,620	101,420
Never married	1,439,665	744,990	694,675	139,855	74,635	65,220
Separated	119,725	46,900	72,830	11,990	4,600	7,390
Divorced	253,000	90,060	162,945	19,960	7,420	12,535
Widowed	226,850	41,430	185,420	20,230	3,960	16,270
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	1,481,755	...	...	164,525	...	...
2 persons	623,865	...	...	56,460	...	...
3 persons	365,285	...	...	39,955	...	...
4 persons	353,935	...	...	47,710	...	...
5 or more persons	138,675	...	...	20,395	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	1,481,755	...	...	164,525	...	...
Total couple families	1,208,530	...	...	135,955	...	...
Married couples	1,078,590	...	...	126,360	...	...
Common-law couples	129,945	...	...	9,600	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	273,230	...	...	28,565	...	...
Female parent	227,295	...	...	23,475	...	...
Male parent	45,930	...	...	5,090	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	1,208,530	...	...	135,960	...	...
Couples without children	461,640	...	...	41,360	...	...
Couples with children	746,890	...	...	94,600	...	...
1 child	286,260	...	...	31,035	...	...
2 children	330,465	...	...	44,440	...	...
3 or more children	130,170	...	...	19,125	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	273,225	...	...	28,565	...	...
1 child	162,225	...	...	15,100	...	...
2 children	79,025	...	...	8,920	...	...
3 or more children	31,980	...	...	4,545	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	875,705	394,065	481,640	59,490	27,955	31,535
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	1,967,380	...	...	168,010	...	...
One-census-family households	1,299,140	...	...	123,170	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	391,905	...	...	25,755	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	907,235	...	...	97,415	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	87,660	...	...	19,475	...	...
Non-census-family households	580,575	...	...	25,365	...	...
One-person households	492,310	...	...	20,820	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	88,265	...	...	4,545	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	5,389,435	2,613,915	2,775,520	591,670	292,690	298,975
English only	4,700,275	2,324,460	2,375,810	532,650	268,950	263,690
French only	4,635	1,940	2,695	500	215	280
English and French	431,595	187,195	244,400	30,200	13,075	17,120
Neither English nor French	252,930	100,320	152,610	28,325	10,445	17,880
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	5,389,435	2,613,915	2,775,520	591,670	292,690	298,980
English	5,023,255	2,461,895	2,561,360	554,455	278,140	276,315
French	66,870	30,880	35,990	4,935	2,285	2,650
English and French	49,885	22,535	27,355	4,350	2,010	2,335
Neither English nor French	249,425	98,610	150,810	27,935	10,260	17,680
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	91,815	42,145	49,670	7,105	3,290	3,820
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.7	1.6	1.8	1.2	1.1	1.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	5,389,435	2,613,915	2,775,520	591,670	292,690	298,980
Single responses	5,163,885	2,504,960	2,658,915	560,895	277,335	283,565
Official languages	2,749,615	1,362,280	1,387,335	289,355	143,270	146,080
English	2,690,050	1,334,640	1,355,410	284,920	141,210	143,710
French	59,565	27,640	31,930	4,430	2,060	2,375
Non-official languages	2,414,265	1,142,680	1,271,580	271,545	134,065	137,480
Aboriginal languages	530	235	295	25	10	10
Algonquian languages	365	160	200	10	5	5
Blackfoot	10	5	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	100	35	65	5	5	0
Atikamekw	5	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	10	5	5	0	0	0
Naskapi	5	0	5	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	5	0	5	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	5	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	25	5	15	0	0	0
Woods Cree	5	5	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	50	15	35	5	5	5
Eastern Algonquian languages	30	10	15	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	25	10	15	5	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	225	105	120	5	0	5
Algonquin	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ojibway	195	95	100	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	10	5	5	5	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	25	10	15	5	0	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	5	10	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	5	5	0	0	0	5
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	10	5	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	35	15	25	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	30	15	20	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	20	5	15	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	15	5	10	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	0	5	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	5	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	75	40	40	5	0	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,413,740	1,142,445	1,271,290	271,520	134,055	137,465
Afro-Asiatic languages	134,720	67,180	67,540	8,195	4,155	4,045
Berber languages	210	120	85	5	5	5
Kabyle	100	50	45	0	5	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	110	70	40	0	5	0
Cushitic languages	14,355	6,170	8,185	640	300	335
Bilen	75	45	35	0	0	0
Oromo	1,000	490	515	55	25	25
Somali	13,210	5,605	7,610	580	270	305
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	60	35	25	0	5	5
Semitic languages	119,800	60,705	59,100	7,475	3,815	3,665
Amharic	7,410	3,350	4,060	265	140	125
Arabic	81,030	41,680	39,345	4,205	2,170	2,035
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	9,715	4,745	4,970	1,890	945	940
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	1,760	880	875	335	155	175
Harari	925	440	485	35	25	20
Hebrew	10,220	5,460	4,760	25	20	10
Maltese	3,225	1,585	1,640	455	230	220
Tigrigna	4,690	2,145	2,545	115	50	70
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	835	415	415	150	75	70
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	355	185	170	80	30	45
Austro-Asiatic languages	49,620	22,650	26,970	4,845	2,295	2,550
Khmer (Cambodian)	2,850	1,285	1,570	215	90	120
Vietnamese	46,705	21,345	25,365	4,615	2,195	2,415
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	60	25	40	20	10	10
Austronesian languages	156,930	62,290	94,640	11,885	5,085	6,800
Bikol	455	200	255	40	20	20
Cebuano	4,960	1,980	2,980	415	190	230
Fijian	55	25	25	10	0	5
Hiligaynon	2,260	865	1,390	100	45	55
Ilocano	9,290	3,630	5,660	500	210	295
Malagasy	25	10	15	5	0	0
Malay	4,235	1,910	2,325	190	80	110
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,245	560	685	160	80	80
Pangasinan	455	185	270	35	15	20
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	132,655	52,415	80,230	10,345	4,400	5,945
Waray-Waray	310	100	205	30	10	15
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	995	400	595	55	25	25
Creole languages	5,370	2,505	2,870	760	380	380
Haitian Creole	200	95	105	5	5	0
Creole, n.o.s.	3,300	1,555	1,750	435	225	210
Creole languages, n.i.e.	1,870	850	1,015	315	150	165
Dravidian languages	128,815	63,390	65,420	17,170	8,435	8,740
Kannada	1,955	980	975	360	175	185
Malayalam	12,100	6,220	5,880	2,635	1,310	1,320
Tamil	105,815	51,355	54,455	12,695	6,195	6,500
Telugu	8,680	4,710	3,970	1,445	740	705
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	265	125	135	40	25	20
Hmong-Mien languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,297,780	627,740	670,040	214,370	107,020	107,350
Albanian	12,905	6,435	6,470	265	130	135
Armenian	12,190	5,880	6,310	200	100	100
Balto-Slavic languages	247,160	113,045	134,115	8,665	4,125	4,540
Baltic languages	5,180	2,060	3,120	80	45	30
Latvian	2,130	855	1,280	45	30	15
Lithuanian	3,045	1,210	1,840	35	20	15
Slavic languages	241,985	110,985	131,000	8,590	4,080	4,505
Belarusan	350	165	185	10	5	5
Bosnian	2,655	1,285	1,365	175	95	80
Bulgarian	6,735	3,245	3,490	145	80	65
Croatian	14,560	6,925	7,640	1,090	540	545
Czech	4,455	2,075	2,380	235	115	115
Macedonian	11,265	5,345	5,920	315	150	160
Polish	64,390	29,060	35,330	4,595	2,170	2,425
Russian	80,190	36,365	43,825	675	295	385
Serbian	20,780	10,105	10,675	500	250	250
Serbo-Croatian	2,355	1,100	1,255	65	30	35
Slovak	4,910	2,285	2,625	200	90	110
Slovene (Slovenian)	3,385	1,465	1,915	160	75	85
Ukrainian	25,480	11,325	14,155	425	185	240
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	465	240	230	10	5	5
Celtic languages	410	190	220	30	10	10
Scottish Gaelic	150	65	80	15	5	10
Welsh	125	50	75	5	5	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	135	70	60	5	5	0
Germanic languages	39,530	17,780	21,745	2,550	1,105	1,445
Afrikaans	885	430	455	25	10	15
Danish	1,270	565	705	90	40	50
Dutch	6,765	3,165	3,600	915	370	545
Frisian	100	45	55	35	10	25
German	25,400	11,270	14,130	1,425	655	770
Icelandic	85	40	40	5	0	0
Norwegian	345	155	190	10	5	10
Swedish	1,045	445	595	30	15	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	250	90	155	20	10	15
Yiddish	3,335	1,545	1,795	0	5	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0	0	0
Greek	39,575	19,195	20,380	745	370	380
Indo-Iranian languages	567,140	285,560	281,580	172,600	87,030	85,565
Indo-Aryan languages	456,675	230,085	226,585	168,560	84,980	83,580
Bengali	37,850	19,030	18,815	2,615	1,300	1,315
Gujarati	62,495	31,320	31,175	16,750	8,370	8,380
Hindi	46,605	23,420	23,190	14,070	6,945	7,125
Kashmiri	260	135	125	50	25	25
Konkani	2,105	995	1,110	270	125	145
Marathi	4,350	2,215	2,140	675	340	340
Nepali	4,605	2,315	2,290	1,090	540	545
Oriya (Odia)	570	310	265	65	35	35
Punjabi (Panjabi)	165,565	84,145	81,415	110,715	56,165	54,545
Sindhi	5,585	2,605	2,980	540	270	270
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	7,580	3,660	3,920	1,530	750	775
Urdu	119,105	59,940	59,165	20,200	10,115	10,085
Iranian languages	108,615	54,495	54,125	3,790	1,935	1,855
Kurdish	2,710	1,515	1,195	105	65	40
Pashto	7,425	3,820	3,605	670	330	340
Persian (Farsi)	98,475	49,155	49,325	3,015	1,540	1,475
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	1,850	980	865	245	115	130
Italic (Romance) languages	378,865	179,655	199,210	29,310	14,140	15,170
Catalan	160	85	75	0	5	0
Italian	137,515	65,390	72,125	6,975	3,530	3,445
Portuguese	97,295	46,505	50,790	10,590	5,140	5,450
Romanian	23,740	11,070	12,670	590	265	330
Spanish	119,935	56,500	63,440	11,140	5,205	5,930
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	220	100	120	10	10	5
Japanese	9,440	3,285	6,150	135	50	85
Kartvelian languages	1,100	590	510	0	0	0
Georgian	1,100	590	510	0	0	0
Korean	53,940	24,750	29,190	395	185	215
Mongolic languages	345	160	190	5	0	0
Mongolian	345	155	190	5	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	23,670	11,085	12,580	5,190	2,450	2,735
Akan (Twi)	8,365	3,850	4,515	2,670	1,265	1,405
Bamanankan	55	25	30	0	0	0
Edo	1,015	410	605	195	80	115
Ewe	360	180	180	55	25	30
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	220	115	105	10	5	5
Ga	430	195	235	115	45	65
Ganda	500	240	265	55	25	25
Igbo	1,495	765	735	345	175	170
Lingala	375	175	195	35	20	15
Rundi (Kirundi)	350	165	185	30	10	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	375	165	205	30	15	20
Shona	655	305	340	70	35	35
Swahili	3,160	1,475	1,690	305	140	165
Wolof	160	85	75	10	5	5
Yoruba	3,265	1,650	1,610	855	420	435
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,885	1,285	1,600	410	195	220
Nilo-Saharan languages	340	185	155	20	10	10
Dinka	45	25	15	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	295	160	135	15	10	5
Sign languages	1,060	585	485	110	60	55
American Sign Language	360	195	165	30	15	15
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	700	385	315	80	40	45
Sino-Tibetan languages	507,190	235,560	271,630	6,505	3,010	3,495
Chinese languages	500,745	232,420	268,320	6,330	2,920	3,420
Cantonese	242,915	112,790	130,125	3,290	1,520	1,770
Hakka	6,385	2,865	3,525	155	75	90
Mandarin	223,015	103,800	119,215	2,335	1,070	1,265
Min Dong	760	365	395	5	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	11,360	5,250	6,115	300	140	160
Wu (Shanghainese)	5,220	2,345	2,875	60	30	30
Chinese, n.o.s.	10,895	4,915	5,980	180	80	100
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	190	95	95	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	6,445	3,140	3,305	175	95	80
Burmese	995	445	550	85	45	40
Karenic languages	270	130	140	10	5	5
Tibetan	4,855	2,395	2,460	20	10	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	330	170	160	65	35	25
Tai-Kadai languages	3,660	1,495	2,175	560	250	310
Lao	2,090	1,010	1,075	485	230	260
Thai	1,555	475	1,080	70	20	55
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	20	5	15	5	0	5
Turkic languages	16,295	8,475	7,810	470	250	220
Azerbaijani	1,590	855	740	15	5	10
Turkish	13,345	6,965	6,375	440	240	200
Uyghur	370	185	190	5	0	5
Uzbek	580	295	290	10	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	400	180	220	0	0	5
Uralic languages	22,500	10,030	12,465	760	355	400
Estonian	2,505	1,025	1,485	55	25	35
Finnish	2,135	845	1,290	55	30	25
Hungarian	17,855	8,160	9,690	650	305	340
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	935	480	455	140	70	70
Multiple responses	225,555	108,955	116,600	30,770	15,360	15,415
English and French	13,775	6,385	7,395	1,165	515	650
English and non-official language	199,835	97,180	102,650	28,550	14,380	14,170
French and non-official language	5,810	2,620	3,185	405	170	240
English, French and non-official language	6,135	2,770	3,370	650	295	355
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	5,389,430	2,613,915	2,775,520	591,670	292,690	298,975
Single responses	4,852,000	2,355,300	2,496,695	512,270	252,805	259,460
Official languages	3,440,400	1,687,780	1,752,620	347,640	171,585	176,055
English	3,412,630	1,674,945	1,737,680	345,390	170,530	174,865
French	27,770	12,830	14,940	2,255	1,055	1,195
Non-official languages	1,411,600	667,525	744,070	164,630	81,220	83,405
Aboriginal languages	155	75	75	15	10	5
Algonquian languages	75	40	35	5	5	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	25	15	10	0	5	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	5	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	5	10	5	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	5	0	0	5	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	5	5	5	5
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	45	20	20	0	0	5
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	35	20	15	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	5	0	5	5	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	15	10	10	5	5	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	10	10	0	0	5
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	5	0	5	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	5	5	0	5	5	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	10	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	5	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	50	25	25	5	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,411,445	667,445	743,995	164,610	81,215	83,400
Afro-Asiatic languages	71,690	34,320	37,370	4,000	1,970	2,030
Berber languages	60	30	25	0	0	0
Kabyle	30	15	15	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	8,365	3,525	4,840	260	120	130
Bilen	40	20	25	0	0	0
Oromo	545	255	295	20	10	10
Somali	7,750	3,240	4,510	240	115	125
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	0	0	0
Semitic languages	63,080	30,675	32,405	3,705	1,830	1,870
Amharic	3,805	1,675	2,130	95	45	45
Arabic	43,100	21,220	21,885	2,060	1,020	1,035
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	6,540	3,140	3,405	1,120	545	570
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	1,055	520	535	165	80	80
Harari	515	240	280	10	5	5
Hebrew	4,320	2,220	2,100	5	5	5
Maltese	835	380	455	100	50	55
Tigrigna	2,465	1,080	1,385	50	25	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	430	205	230	90	50	45
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	185	85	95	40	20	25
Austro-Asiatic languages	32,635	14,890	17,745	3,240	1,535	1,705
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,555	675	880	125	55	65
Vietnamese	31,045	14,200	16,840	3,100	1,470	1,630
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	35	15	20	10	5	5
Austronesian languages	71,195	30,350	40,850	4,725	2,195	2,530
Bikol	80	35	45	0	0	0
Cebuano	1,850	800	1,055	165	80	85
Fijian	10	5	5	0	5	5
Hiligaynon	755	325	435	20	10	10
Ilocano	3,400	1,455	1,940	175	80	90
Malagasy	10	5	10	0	0	0
Malay	1,380	670	715	50	25	25
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	385	175	210	55	30	25
Pangasinan	80	35	40	10	0	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	62,885	26,685	36,200	4,240	1,955	2,280
Waray-Waray	75	30	45	0	5	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	280	130	150	10	5	5
Creole languages	2,790	1,290	1,505	420	215	210
Haitian Creole	120	55	65	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	1,915	885	1,030	270	140	130
Creole languages, n.i.e.	760	350	410	150	75	80
Dravidian languages	85,480	41,250	44,230	11,005	5,350	5,650
Kannada	805	405	400	180	90	90
Malayalam	6,220	3,175	3,045	1,395	690	705
Tamil	73,640	35,095	38,550	8,535	4,115	4,420
Telugu	4,720	2,535	2,185	875	440	425
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	95	40	55	20	10	10
Hmong-Mien languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	695,550	333,855	361,695	133,770	66,450	67,320
Albanian	6,225	3,115	3,110	110	50	55
Armenian	7,350	3,475	3,875	85	40	45
Balto-Slavic languages	129,425	60,445	68,980	3,980	1,940	2,040
Baltic languages	1,600	660	935	15	5	5
Latvian	575	235	340	5	5	0
Lithuanian	1,025	430	595	5	0	5
Slavic languages	127,825	59,780	68,045	3,965	1,935	2,030
Belarusan	125	60	60	5	0	5
Bosnian	1,300	630	675	90	45	45
Bulgarian	3,775	1,840	1,935	85	40	40
Croatian	5,360	2,565	2,800	375	190	190
Czech	1,345	650	695	90	45	45
Macedonian	4,745	2,250	2,495	110	50	60
Polish	31,135	14,470	16,660	2,340	1,140	1,200
Russian	51,855	24,065	27,785	395	195	200
Serbian	11,975	5,800	6,175	225	110	115
Serbo-Croatian	915	430	490	30	15	15
Slovak	2,185	1,065	1,120	60	25	35
Slovene (Slovenian)	825	355	475	35	15	20
Ukrainian	12,150	5,545	6,605	125	55	65
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	130	55	75	5	5	5
Celtic languages	60	30	25	5	0	5
Scottish Gaelic	25	10	10	0	0	0
Welsh	10	10	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0	0	0
Germanic languages	4,725	2,150	2,580	205	85	120
Afrikaans	250	110	135	5	5	0
Danish	120	50	65	5	5	0
Dutch	550	255	295	65	20	40
Frisian	5	0	5	5	0	5
German	3,145	1,410	1,735	125	60	70
Icelandic	20	5	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	40	15	20	0	0	0
Swedish	215	100	115	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	15	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	350	175	175	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Greek	16,600	7,760	8,845	200	85	110
Indo-Iranian languages	355,150	175,850	179,300	116,945	58,445	58,500
Indo-Aryan languages	282,005	140,240	141,765	114,550	57,260	57,285
Bengali	24,325	12,005	12,325	1,630	785	845
Gujarati	37,390	18,335	19,060	10,695	5,240	5,455
Hindi	23,355	11,620	11,735	7,355	3,575	3,780
Kashmiri	45	20	25	10	5	5
Konkani	430	205	225	55	25	30
Marathi	1,955	1,005	950	350	185	165
Nepali	3,040	1,540	1,500	720	370	355
Oriya (Odia)	270	135	140	40	20	25
Punjabi (Panjabi)	112,680	56,685	55,995	79,705	40,160	39,545
Sindhi	2,405	1,100	1,310	285	145	145
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	3,440	1,685	1,760	745	360	380
Urdu	72,660	35,910	36,745	12,950	6,390	6,565
Iranian languages	72,405	35,235	37,170	2,290	1,135	1,155
Kurdish	1,440	780	660	45	25	20
Pashto	4,695	2,355	2,340	415	210	210
Persian (Farsi)	66,275	32,095	34,175	1,825	905	920
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	740	375	360	110	45	60
Italic (Romance) languages	176,010	81,040	94,970	12,255	5,805	6,450
Catalan	80	40	40	5	0	0
Italian	48,970	20,920	28,055	1,795	835	965
Portuguese	48,110	23,050	25,055	4,350	2,090	2,255
Romanian	11,610	5,390	6,225	220	110	115
Spanish	67,175	31,610	35,565	5,875	2,770	3,105
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	65	30	35	5	0	5
Japanese	4,480	1,915	2,565	65	35	35
Kartvelian languages	745	405	335	0	0	0
Georgian	740	405	340	0	0	0
Korean	37,770	17,625	20,140	245	115	130
Mongolic languages	200	105	100	5	5	5
Mongolian	205	105	100	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages	8,870	3,960	4,905	1,860	850	1,010
Akan (Twi)	4,015	1,740	2,280	1,145	515	630
Bamanankan	15	5	10	0	0	0
Edo	295	120	175	35	15	25
Ewe	90	40	50	10	0	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	75	35	40	0	0	0
Ga	145	65	80	30	15	15
Ganda	150	70	85	25	15	10
Igbo	410	205	205	90	50	45
Lingala	90	40	55	5	0	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	125	60	65	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	115	50	65	15	5	5
Shona	225	105	115	30	20	15
Swahili	1,230	540	685	60	25	35
Wolof	75	45	35	5	0	5
Yoruba	1,070	515	555	315	140	175
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	730	330	400	90	45	50
Nilo-Saharan languages	85	45	45	0	5	0
Dinka	10	5	5	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	75	40	35	5	0	0
Sign languages	1,660	965	700	175	100	70
American Sign Language	555	295	260	55	30	25
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	1,105	660	440	120	75	50
Sino-Tibetan languages	378,605	177,030	201,575	4,275	1,995	2,280
Chinese languages	374,020	174,765	199,255	4,200	1,955	2,245
Cantonese	179,480	82,480	97,000	2,130	975	1,150
Hakka	2,675	1,215	1,465	70	30	35
Mandarin	176,695	84,105	92,590	1,710	810	900
Min Dong	240	105	135	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	4,980	2,280	2,700	140	65	75
Wu (Shanghainese)	3,090	1,450	1,640	50	25	25
Chinese, n.o.s.	6,775	3,100	3,675	100	45	55
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	85	35	45	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	4,585	2,260	2,325	80	45	35
Burmese	570	260	305	55	35	25
Karenic languages	210	105	110	5	5	0
Tibetan	3,700	1,835	1,860	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	105	55	50	10	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages	1,530	715	810	260	120	145
Lao	970	470	495	235	105	125
Thai	550	240	305	25	10	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	10	0	5	0	0	0
Turkic languages	9,285	4,650	4,635	280	150	135
Azerbaijani	640	325	315	10	5	5
Turkish	7,975	3,980	3,995	265	145	125
Uyghur	215	110	100	5	0	5
Uzbek	310	165	145	5	5	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	145	70	75	0	0	0
Uralic languages	8,560	3,920	4,640	235	115	120
Estonian	630	230	395	10	5	5
Finnish	415	180	240	10	5	5
Hungarian	7,515	3,505	4,010	215	105	110
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	320	165	155	55	30	25
Multiple responses	537,435	258,615	278,825	79,400	39,885	39,515
English and French	12,185	5,585	6,600	1,275	575	705
English and non-official language	512,690	247,515	265,170	76,670	38,655	38,015
French and non-official language	2,330	1,030	1,300	195	90	105
English, French and non-official language	10,240	4,485	5,750	1,255	570	685
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	5,389,435	2,613,915	2,775,520	591,670	292,690	298,980
None	4,059,895	1,975,765	2,084,135	445,160	219,095	226,065
English	573,230	280,980	292,255	68,235	35,345	32,890
French	48,015	20,920	27,090	3,520	1,495	2,020
Non-official language	683,225	324,520	358,710	72,140	35,435	36,705
Aboriginal	435	185	250	15	5	10
Non-Aboriginal	682,790	324,330	358,460	72,125	35,430	36,700
English and French	3,820	1,765	2,055	315	145	170
English and non-official language	13,105	6,410	6,695	1,720	930	800
French and non-official language	7,895	3,445	4,455	555	240	320
English, French and non-official language	250	115	135	20	5	10
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	4,485,350	2,151,700	2,333,645	470,765	230,070	240,695
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	4,254,740	2,041,845	2,212,895	440,925	215,975	224,955
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,014	35,486	27,686	29,092	33,632	25,411
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	4,255,435	2,042,025	2,213,410	440,980	215,980	224,995
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,692	32,291	25,941	27,086	30,850	24,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,735,375	1,836,390	1,898,990	383,575	195,185	188,390
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,152	37,338	27,784	29,961	35,025	25,105
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,068,395	1,352,495	1,715,905	323,280	141,155	182,125
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	2,123	998	3,741	2,217	863	4,117
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,153,650	1,595,810	1,557,845	343,015	178,030	164,980
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,317	38,641	30,510	31,399	35,851	27,615
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	4,485,725	2,151,900	2,333,830	470,770	230,010	240,755
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	4,255,475	2,041,985	2,213,490	441,165	215,930	225,240
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	50,118	59,794	41,191	37,647	42,731	32,774
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	4,256,160	2,042,200	2,213,965	441,240	215,940	225,300
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,278	46,588	34,458	32,380	36,093	28,821
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,735,945	1,836,465	1,899,480	383,730	195,130	188,605
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	51,862	62,449	41,625	38,154	43,768	32,346
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,068,135	1,352,300	1,715,830	322,605	140,435	182,165
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,363	5,481	7,058	6,100	4,887	7,034
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,153,965	1,596,085	1,557,885	343,010	177,985	165,025
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	51,662	60,906	42,192	38,983	43,980	33,592
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	4,485,730	2,151,895	2,333,830	470,765	230,010	240,755
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	1,488,180	818,260	669,925	161,100	91,995	69,105
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	55,941	60,166	51,725	48,741	52,949	44,507
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	74,842	84,302	63,286	55,518	59,617	50,061
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	90.8	93.9	86.7	88.2	92.6	82.6
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	76.3	79.6	72.0	80.6	84.7	75.4
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	9.2	6.1	13.3	11.8	7.4	17.4
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	4,485,350	2,151,700	2,333,645	470,765	230,075	240,690
Without total income	230,610	109,860	120,750	29,835	14,095	15,740
With total income	4,254,740	2,041,845	2,212,895	440,925	215,980	224,955
Percentage with total income	94.9	94.9	94.8	93.7	93.9	93.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	763,555	347,080	416,480	80,940	35,630	45,310
$10,000 to $19,999	770,435	327,705	442,735	83,545	35,795	47,750
$20,000 to $29,999	545,305	236,955	308,355	60,650	27,335	33,315
$30,000 to $39,999	426,865	193,445	233,420	51,510	24,085	27,425
$40,000 to $49,999	371,190	172,520	198,670	44,575	21,120	23,455
$50,000 to $59,999	294,250	143,010	151,240	33,955	17,965	15,995
$60,000 to $69,999	231,875	119,655	112,220	24,840	14,460	10,380
$70,000 to $79,999	181,995	98,550	83,450	18,030	11,250	6,780
$80,000 to $89,999	144,615	80,165	64,445	12,970	8,265	4,705
$90,000 to $99,999	122,530	65,300	57,230	10,010	6,010	4,005
$100,000 and over	402,130	257,465	144,665	19,900	14,065	5,840
$100,000 to $149,999	244,815	148,925	95,890	15,310	10,610	4,700
$150,000 and over	157,310	108,540	48,770	4,590	3,455	1,135
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	4,485,345	2,151,705	2,333,645	470,770	230,070	240,695
Without after-tax income	229,915	109,680	120,235	29,790	14,085	15,700
With after-tax income	4,255,435	2,042,025	2,213,415	440,980	215,980	224,995
Percentage with after-tax income	94.9	94.9	94.8	93.7	93.9	93.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	776,015	351,385	424,630	81,640	35,870	45,770
$10,000 to $19,999	800,145	341,855	458,290	87,195	37,655	49,545
$20,000 to $29,999	622,175	273,000	349,175	70,265	31,885	38,375
$30,000 to $39,999	506,890	233,435	273,455	60,935	28,855	32,080
$40,000 to $49,999	428,590	204,910	223,685	50,480	25,705	24,775
$50,000 to $59,999	313,515	160,735	152,780	33,910	19,585	14,325
$60,000 to $69,999	229,640	125,710	103,935	21,890	13,660	8,230
$70,000 to $79,999	176,635	96,460	80,175	14,705	8,975	5,725
$80,000 and over	401,835	254,535	147,295	19,965	13,790	6,175
$80,000 to $89,999	118,825	67,420	51,400	8,220	5,265	2,950
$90,000 to $99,999	71,215	44,080	27,140	4,375	3,105	1,270
$100,000 and over	211,795	143,035	68,760	7,370	5,420	1,950
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	4,485,345	2,151,705	2,333,645	470,765	230,070	240,690
Without employment income	1,331,700	555,895	775,805	127,755	52,035	75,715
With employment income	3,153,650	1,595,805	1,557,845	343,015	178,035	164,975
Percentage with employment income	70.3	74.2	66.8	72.9	77.4	68.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	396,680	186,410	210,270	40,180	18,440	21,740
$5,000 to $9,999	263,610	119,885	143,725	29,815	12,785	17,030
$10,000 to $19,999	435,350	205,860	229,490	51,830	25,290	26,540
$20,000 to $29,999	343,395	158,605	184,785	43,035	20,900	22,135
$30,000 to $39,999	309,985	145,840	164,145	40,180	19,160	21,025
$40,000 to $49,999	283,815	135,050	148,765	35,910	17,600	18,310
$50,000 to $59,999	231,700	117,150	114,550	28,250	15,695	12,555
$60,000 to $69,999	185,380	98,655	86,730	20,810	12,775	8,035
$70,000 to $79,999	148,890	83,255	65,635	15,705	10,120	5,590
$80,000 and over	554,845	345,095	209,755	37,290	25,275	12,015
$80,000 to $89,999	121,685	69,155	52,525	11,460	7,455	4,010
$90,000 to $99,999	108,555	57,950	50,600	9,025	5,480	3,545
$100,000 and over	324,605	217,980	106,625	16,810	12,340	4,470
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	1,967,380	...	...	168,010	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	76,518	...	...	87,290	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	67,196	...	...	77,156	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	492,315	...	...	20,820	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	39,284	...	...	41,735	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,101	...	...	36,871	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	1,475,070	...	...	147,190	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	92,630	...	...	94,516	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	81,323	...	...	83,547	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	1,967,555	...	...	168,010	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	108,395	...	...	98,855	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	87,128	...	...	85,038	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	492,475	...	...	20,855	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	55,739	...	...	49,524	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	44,666	...	...	41,254	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	1,475,085	...	...	147,160	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	125,975	...	...	105,846	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	101,304	...	...	91,243	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	1,967,380	...	...	168,010	...	...
Under $5,000	45,670	...	...	1,445	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	31,255	...	...	1,150	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	48,970	...	...	1,955	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	72,860	...	...	3,015	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	69,080	...	...	3,670	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	71,255	...	...	4,010	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	72,655	...	...	4,725	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	74,045	...	...	5,335	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	73,960	...	...	5,800	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	72,565	...	...	6,050	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	140,110	...	...	12,550	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	131,050	...	...	12,920	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	121,160	...	...	12,560	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	111,745	...	...	12,140	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	102,675	...	...	11,625	...	...
$100,000 and over	728,325	...	...	69,070	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	205,845	...	...	23,870	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	149,570	...	...	17,280	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	178,280	...	...	17,635	...	...
$200,000 and over	194,630	...	...	10,285	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,967,380	...	...	168,010	...	...
Under $5,000	48,175	...	...	1,520	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	31,565	...	...	1,155	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	49,785	...	...	1,995	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	75,575	...	...	3,130	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	75,690	...	...	4,040	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	78,360	...	...	4,435	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	82,540	...	...	5,410	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	87,000	...	...	6,275	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	89,295	...	...	7,030	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	87,435	...	...	7,355	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	167,070	...	...	15,590	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	152,470	...	...	15,220	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	139,615	...	...	15,070	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	123,875	...	...	14,055	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	106,420	...	...	12,610	...	...
$100,000 and over	572,520	...	...	53,110	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	204,555	...	...	23,515	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	133,630	...	...	14,060	...	...
$150,000 and over	234,340	...	...	15,535	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	1,418,695	...	...	145,820	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	92,279	...	...	92,283	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	80,950	...	...	81,739	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.3	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	381,755	...	...	25,015	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	83,997	...	...	78,608	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	73,015	...	...	68,730	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	745,680	...	...	93,055	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	112,062	...	...	103,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	97,348	...	...	91,498	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	240,690	...	...	22,630	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	56,356	...	...	63,047	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,125	...	...	57,552	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	1,418,175	...	...	145,730	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	126,555	...	...	103,835	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	101,479	...	...	89,470	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	381,845	...	...	25,120	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	120,732	...	...	89,336	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	94,620	...	...	74,906	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	746,125	...	...	92,960	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	148,376	...	...	115,352	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	118,509	...	...	99,479	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	239,190	...	...	22,500	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	73,147	...	...	70,849	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	62,554	...	...	63,036	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	710,010	335,120	374,890	36,205	19,405	16,795
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	32,181	32,948	31,573	32,941	34,749	30,886
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,543	30,010	29,180	30,056	31,550	28,496
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	708,525	333,920	374,605	36,135	19,560	16,575
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	47,700	50,146	45,520	40,865	42,186	39,307
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	38,832	40,028	37,766	34,558	35,297	33,686
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	5,370,515	2,605,995	2,764,520	590,950	292,350	298,600
In the bottom half of the distribution	2,635,600	1,252,915	1,382,690	308,210	150,740	157,475
In the bottom decile	626,795	302,630	324,165	42,680	21,245	21,435
In the second decile	553,235	255,400	297,840	58,100	27,970	30,130
In the third decile	503,590	237,300	266,285	66,905	32,420	34,480
In the fourth decile	478,745	228,975	249,770	70,305	34,490	35,810
In the fifth decile	473,240	228,615	244,630	70,220	34,605	35,610
In the top half of the distribution	2,734,920	1,353,085	1,381,835	282,740	141,610	141,125
In the sixth decile	476,880	231,510	245,375	68,310	33,885	34,430
In the seventh decile	489,145	239,025	250,120	65,575	32,580	32,995
In the eighth decile	516,090	254,485	261,605	60,805	30,490	30,315
In the ninth decile	568,130	282,000	286,135	54,730	27,620	27,115
In the top decile	684,665	346,070	338,600	33,315	17,040	16,275
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	5,370,520	2,605,995	2,764,525	590,950	292,350	298,600
0 to 17 years	1,077,570	553,445	524,125	145,185	75,230	69,960
0 to 5 years	337,255	172,765	164,490	45,390	23,520	21,870
18 to 64 years	3,542,115	1,714,060	1,828,055	381,250	186,915	194,330
65 years and over	750,830	338,490	412,345	64,515	30,205	34,310
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	873,325	411,775	461,550	66,960	32,415	34,545
0 to 17 years	223,495	115,235	108,260	23,395	12,195	11,200
0 to 5 years	72,435	37,260	35,175	7,885	4,125	3,760
18 to 64 years	542,900	254,105	288,795	37,915	17,920	19,995
65 years and over	106,920	42,430	64,490	5,650	2,305	3,345
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.3	15.8	16.7	11.3	11.1	11.6
0 to 17 years (%)	20.7	20.8	20.7	16.1	16.2	16.0
0 to 5 years (%)	21.5	21.6	21.4	17.4	17.5	17.2
18 to 64 years (%)	15.3	14.8	15.8	9.9	9.6	10.3
65 years and over (%)	14.2	12.5	15.6	8.8	7.6	9.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	732,405	350,620	381,780	52,685	26,065	26,615
0 to 17 years	173,895	89,620	84,270	16,890	8,820	8,075
0 to 5 years	56,775	29,135	27,640	5,810	3,050	2,760
18 to 64 years	487,620	234,110	253,505	32,175	15,860	16,310
65 years and over	70,895	26,885	44,005	3,620	1,385	2,235
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	13.6	13.5	13.8	8.9	8.9	8.9
0 to 17 years (%)	16.1	16.2	16.1	11.6	11.7	11.5
0 to 5 years (%)	16.8	16.9	16.8	12.8	13.0	12.6
18 to 64 years (%)	13.8	13.7	13.9	8.4	8.5	8.4
65 years and over (%)	9.4	7.9	10.7	5.6	4.6	6.5
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	5,371,025	2,606,395	2,764,630	590,945	292,350	298,595
Official languages	5,119,210	2,506,430	2,612,780	562,640	281,825	280,815
English	5,114,880	2,504,655	2,610,225	562,260	281,685	280,580
French	433,650	187,295	246,355	30,535	13,205	17,330
Non-official languages	2,980,865	1,420,145	1,560,715	341,190	168,870	172,315
Aboriginal languages	985	405	585	55	25	30
Algonquian languages	825	350	475	45	20	25
Blackfoot	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	185	85	100	20	15	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	55	30	20	15	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	25	0	15	0	0	0
Woods Cree	15	10	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	90	35	55	10	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	45	25	20	20	10	10
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	45	25	25	20	10	10
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	595	240	355	10	0	0
Algonquin	15	10	10	0	0	0
Ojibway	560	230	330	10	0	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	55	15	40	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	45	15	35	0	0	0
Oneida	10	10	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	15	10	10	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages	10	0	10	10	0	0
Dakota	0	0	10	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	25	20	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,979,935	1,419,770	1,560,165	341,140	168,850	172,285
Afro-Asiatic languages	203,300	101,890	101,410	11,305	5,735	5,565
Berber languages	235	135	100	15	10	10
Kabyle	75	40	30	20	10	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	165	95	70	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	20,380	8,885	11,490	955	425	535
Bilen	75	45	30	0	0	0
Oromo	1,390	590	800	70	25	45
Somali	18,905	8,230	10,675	890	400	485
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	85	35	50	0	0	0
Semitic languages	183,945	93,490	90,450	10,265	5,275	4,990
Amharic	11,365	5,280	6,080	605	285	320
Arabic	119,665	61,755	57,905	7,300	3,825	3,475
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	11,995	5,860	6,140	2,265	1,130	1,135
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	2,080	1,040	1,035	385	175	210
Harari	1,250	635	615	90	50	45
Hebrew	37,745	19,225	18,520	95	55	40
Maltese	4,165	2,035	2,130	550	265	285
Tigrigna	5,940	2,775	3,170	230	105	125
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	1,060	515	550	190	95	90
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	700	325	375	170	65	105
Austro-Asiatic languages	65,060	29,925	35,130	6,210	2,850	3,360
Khmer (Cambodian)	3,970	1,730	2,240	240	75	165
Vietnamese	61,350	28,340	33,010	5,965	2,780	3,185
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	40	0	40	30	0	25
Austronesian languages	200,765	80,115	120,645	15,005	6,440	8,560
Bikol	570	255	310	45	20	20
Cebuano	7,130	2,860	4,265	660	290	370
Fijian	45	20	25	10	10	10
Hiligaynon	2,460	985	1,475	130	45	85
Ilocano	12,560	4,930	7,635	720	255	460
Malagasy	90	45	45	0	0	0
Malay	7,015	3,215	3,800	485	225	260
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,565	710	855	185	75	110
Pangasinan	435	190	245	40	20	20
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	188,840	74,950	113,890	14,180	6,100	8,085
Waray-Waray	320	100	220	10	0	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,255	525	730	65	30	30
Creole languages	16,380	7,360	9,020	2,450	1,120	1,335
Haitian Creole	640	285	350	70	40	30
Creole, n.o.s.	8,935	4,015	4,925	1,015	490	525
Creole languages, n.i.e.	6,960	3,115	3,845	1,370	590	785
Dravidian languages	170,055	84,545	85,505	22,995	11,425	11,570
Kannada	4,300	2,140	2,155	765	375	395
Malayalam	16,600	8,450	8,150	3,360	1,700	1,655
Tamil	140,900	69,315	71,585	17,580	8,720	8,860
Telugu	13,070	7,200	5,875	2,190	1,130	1,055
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	430	220	210	65	40	35
Hmong-Mien languages	25	15	10	10	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,670,260	812,610	857,650	268,395	134,505	133,890
Albanian	14,895	7,440	7,450	375	180	200
Armenian	14,750	7,035	7,715	365	170	195
Balto-Slavic languages	284,385	132,330	152,055	10,140	4,890	5,245
Baltic languages	6,090	2,475	3,610	120	50	70
Latvian	2,500	1,045	1,450	45	15	30
Lithuanian	3,595	1,430	2,165	75	35	35
Slavic languages	279,935	130,535	149,400	10,035	4,840	5,195
Belarusan	915	480	440	20	10	15
Bosnian	4,205	2,040	2,170	300	155	150
Bulgarian	7,750	3,770	3,980	145	75	70
Croatian	21,210	10,340	10,865	1,460	735	725
Czech	5,935	2,820	3,115	260	135	125
Macedonian	15,485	7,385	8,100	440	195	245
Polish	77,395	35,400	41,995	5,210	2,540	2,675
Russian	107,415	49,880	57,540	1,240	595	645
Serbian	26,595	13,150	13,440	645	340	305
Serbo-Croatian	2,775	1,330	1,440	90	45	45
Slovak	5,750	2,655	3,100	230	95	140
Slovene (Slovenian)	3,940	1,735	2,210	240	100	140
Ukrainian	36,660	16,375	20,285	645	265	380
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	600	350	250	20	10	10
Celtic languages	1,780	915	865	40	20	20
Scottish Gaelic	595	300	295	20	0	15
Welsh	215	95	120	10	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	970	520	450	20	15	10
Germanic languages	72,330	34,390	37,940	3,730	1,740	1,990
Afrikaans	3,975	1,955	2,015	120	50	70
Danish	1,865	840	1,025	120	75	45
Dutch	9,510	4,470	5,045	1,045	430	615
Frisian	145	60	90	35	10	25
German	49,225	23,465	25,760	2,365	1,145	1,220
Icelandic	120	55	65	10	10	0
Norwegian	870	415	455	50	30	20
Swedish	2,375	1,085	1,290	70	35	25
Vlaams (Flemish)	250	105	145	20	0	15
Yiddish	6,480	3,185	3,300	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	85	45	45	0	0	0
Greek	57,745	28,385	29,355	995	510	490
Indo-Iranian languages	735,150	371,350	363,800	214,065	108,340	105,725
Indo-Aryan languages	612,745	310,215	302,530	210,255	106,470	103,785
Bengali	47,600	24,185	23,415	3,215	1,585	1,630
Gujarati	85,245	42,705	42,540	21,885	10,975	10,910
Hindi	201,555	102,590	98,970	67,515	33,875	33,645
Kashmiri	460	230	230	145	70	75
Konkani	4,875	2,200	2,670	545	260	285
Marathi	8,470	4,365	4,100	1,410	730	685
Nepali	6,345	3,140	3,205	1,260	650	620
Oriya (Odia)	900	430	465	80	45	40
Punjabi (Panjabi)	235,230	120,835	114,395	141,995	72,660	69,340
Sindhi	9,210	4,295	4,915	765	370	395
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	14,575	7,335	7,240	2,410	1,225	1,190
Urdu	180,400	91,380	89,020	32,075	16,185	15,890
Iranian languages	127,535	63,570	63,965	4,365	2,140	2,225
Kurdish	3,760	2,120	1,635	130	75	50
Pashto	10,905	5,795	5,110	970	490	475
Persian (Farsi)	117,090	58,090	58,995	3,550	1,730	1,815
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	3,395	1,840	1,555	635	305	330
Italic (Romance) languages	525,885	248,355	277,525	39,975	19,325	20,650
Catalan	305	155	145	10	0	0
Italian	199,425	94,670	104,750	10,125	5,175	4,950
Portuguese	125,025	59,945	65,080	13,940	6,800	7,145
Romanian	27,960	12,960	15,000	760	350	410
Spanish	195,365	91,080	104,280	16,385	7,600	8,785
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	625	305	315	30	20	10
Japanese	17,015	7,335	9,680	360	155	200
Kartvelian languages	1,455	740	715	0	0	0
Georgian	1,455	740	715	0	0	0
Korean	61,135	28,600	32,535	380	140	235
Mongolic languages	440	190	250	0	0	0
Mongolian	445	190	255	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	46,505	22,145	24,365	9,730	4,665	5,065
Akan (Twi)	13,440	6,225	7,215	4,075	1,910	2,165
Bamanankan	200	115	90	20	10	15
Edo	1,875	820	1,055	415	190	225
Ewe	505	260	240	60	30	35
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	455	235	220	60	35	20
Ga	985	475	510	310	175	140
Ganda	830	395	435	70	30	40
Igbo	2,905	1,440	1,460	615	320	295
Lingala	2,015	875	1,140	285	125	160
Rundi (Kirundi)	510	250	255	55	25	30
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	655	285	370	115	45	70
Shona	1,105	485	620	110	45	70
Swahili	10,070	4,960	5,110	1,085	555	530
Wolof	410	190	225	40	25	15
Yoruba	7,685	3,850	3,830	2,155	1,040	1,110
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	6,145	2,845	3,300	810	420	395
Nilo-Saharan languages	450	255	195	25	15	15
Dinka	65	50	20	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	385	210	175	25	15	10
Sign languages	5,265	2,275	2,990	515	265	255
American Sign Language	3,045	1,150	1,895	220	100	125
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	2,290	1,165	1,130	295	160	130
Sino-Tibetan languages	570,420	267,755	302,665	8,085	3,855	4,230
Chinese languages	563,390	264,295	299,095	7,860	3,720	4,135
Cantonese	300,575	139,720	160,855	4,330	2,035	2,300
Hakka	7,110	3,120	3,990	180	75	100
Mandarin	308,025	143,345	164,680	3,695	1,720	1,980
Min Dong	710	290	420	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	13,725	6,150	7,575	385	210	175
Wu (Shanghainese)	6,805	3,170	3,640	105	45	60
Chinese, n.o.s.	11,310	5,130	6,180	220	105	115
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	135	75	65	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	7,410	3,665	3,745	235	135	105
Burmese	1,325	605	720	65	30	35
Karenic languages	250	115	135	0	0	0
Tibetan	5,420	2,705	2,720	60	35	25
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	495	285	210	115	65	45
Tai-Kadai languages	4,720	2,005	2,715	800	410	390
Lao	2,635	1,250	1,385	715	365	355
Thai	2,340	880	1,465	160	85	75
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages	24,065	12,495	11,575	695	365	330
Azerbaijani	2,625	1,330	1,300	15	10	10
Turkish	20,195	10,535	9,665	670	360	315
Uyghur	490	225	260	0	0	10
Uzbek	785	425	365	10	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	540	250	290	0	0	0
Uralic languages	25,660	11,605	14,055	940	445	500
Estonian	2,750	1,190	1,560	60	20	40
Finnish	2,450	1,025	1,425	65	35	30
Hungarian	20,515	9,410	11,105	815	385	430
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	2,275	1,175	1,100	385	220	165
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	5,371,020	2,606,395	2,764,635	590,950	292,350	298,600
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	4,666,240	2,271,285	2,394,950	508,835	252,265	256,565
Canadian citizens aged under 18	988,125	507,650	480,475	136,500	70,815	65,685
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	3,678,115	1,763,635	1,914,475	372,330	181,455	190,880
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	704,790	335,105	369,680	82,115	40,080	42,030
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	5,371,020	2,606,390	2,764,635	590,950	292,350	298,600
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	2,647,660	1,325,780	1,321,875	272,365	137,915	134,450
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	2,588,715	1,213,600	1,375,110	308,790	149,070	159,725
Before 1981	570,800	264,690	306,105	49,655	23,480	26,175
1981 to 1990	354,720	169,415	185,300	41,145	20,155	20,990
1991 to 2000	615,195	286,895	328,300	77,800	37,590	40,210
2001 to 2010	701,370	328,685	372,685	100,280	48,550	51,735
2001 to 2005	364,605	171,720	192,885	53,115	25,660	27,445
2006 to 2010	336,765	156,965	179,800	47,165	22,885	24,280
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	346,635	163,920	182,715	39,915	19,295	20,620
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	134,650	67,010	67,640	9,790	5,365	4,425
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	2,588,710	1,213,605	1,375,110	308,790	149,070	159,725
Under 5 years	210,560	104,680	105,885	24,250	12,585	11,665
5 to 14 years	425,730	214,310	211,420	46,360	23,365	22,995
15 to 24 years	561,010	248,975	312,035	77,995	33,925	44,070
25 to 44 years	1,112,050	520,805	591,245	121,350	61,675	59,680
45 years and over	279,360	124,830	154,525	38,840	17,520	21,320
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	2,588,715	1,213,605	1,375,115	308,795	149,070	159,720
Americas	393,895	174,345	219,550	61,640	27,580	34,055
Brazil	10,010	4,705	5,305	390	125	265
Colombia	16,110	7,390	8,715	1,050	475	580
El Salvador	10,615	5,280	5,335	1,425	720	705
Guyana	67,295	29,760	37,535	13,855	6,460	7,395
Haiti	2,555	1,200	1,355	285	180	105
Jamaica	97,095	40,495	56,600	23,215	9,905	13,315
Mexico	10,595	4,710	5,885	510	205	310
Peru	7,685	3,415	4,270	610	255	360
Trinidad and Tobago	41,765	18,320	23,445	7,695	3,475	4,220
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	43,175	20,260	22,915	2,990	1,420	1,570
Other places of birth in Americas	86,995	38,800	48,195	9,605	4,375	5,235
Europe	568,320	267,530	300,790	35,160	17,005	18,155
Bosnia and Herzegovina	9,230	4,565	4,665	445	245	200
Croatia	11,040	5,225	5,810	765	340	420
France	6,595	3,095	3,500	345	125	215
Germany	19,960	9,295	10,665	1,280	665	620
Greece	26,890	13,115	13,780	560	285	270
Hungary	11,185	5,045	6,140	410	175	235
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	7,445	3,635	3,810	420	200	215
Italy	95,175	46,030	49,150	4,945	2,650	2,295
Netherlands	5,940	2,870	3,075	805	330	470
Poland	53,330	23,935	29,390	3,615	1,715	1,900
Portugal	66,340	31,825	34,515	8,450	4,270	4,180
Romania	23,965	10,890	13,075	635	305	330
Russian Federation	33,130	14,300	18,830	375	140	240
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	12,690	6,140	6,550	365	205	160
Ukraine	31,045	14,215	16,830	405	165	235
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	84,810	40,430	44,375	8,675	3,870	4,805
Other places of birth in Europe	69,555	32,920	36,630	2,670	1,315	1,355
Africa	147,790	71,030	76,760	16,065	7,830	8,230
Algeria	1,205	640	565	65	35	30
Egypt	23,285	12,065	11,215	935	445	490
Ethiopia	10,785	4,910	5,870	510	255	250
Kenya	10,980	5,025	5,955	1,515	760	755
Morocco	3,395	1,655	1,740	105	55	50
Nigeria	15,970	7,910	8,065	3,990	1,955	2,040
Somalia	10,780	4,310	6,470	545	245	295
South Africa, Republic of	12,360	5,990	6,370	485	240	245
Other places of birth in Africa	59,020	28,520	30,505	7,915	3,840	4,075
Asia	1,471,940	697,390	774,555	195,235	96,335	98,900
Afghanistan	24,510	12,230	12,275	2,480	1,160	1,320
Bangladesh	31,885	16,065	15,820	1,770	870	905
China^{Census data footnote 59}	262,175	119,475	142,700	2,900	1,310	1,590
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	97,705	45,890	51,815	870	420	445
India	297,730	148,545	149,190	123,660	61,730	61,935
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	73,340	36,520	36,815	595	345	250
Iraq	27,770	13,840	13,930	3,355	1,760	1,595
Japan	5,715	1,850	3,865	130	45	85
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	44,745	20,860	23,890	285	120	165
Lebanon	12,970	6,975	6,000	705	370	335
Pakistan	110,255	55,690	54,565	19,255	9,750	9,505
Philippines	187,510	76,805	110,710	14,530	6,345	8,185
Sri Lanka	98,025	47,845	50,180	12,005	5,965	6,040
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	10,545	5,285	5,250	270	135	140
Taiwan	14,705	6,405	8,300	220	85	135
Viet Nam	57,865	26,180	31,690	4,975	2,355	2,625
Other places of birth in Asia	114,505	56,925	57,575	7,230	3,585	3,645
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	6,770	3,320	3,450	695	310	385
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	346,635	163,920	182,715	39,915	19,295	20,620
Americas	39,310	18,740	20,570	4,945	2,445	2,500
Brazil	2,465	1,165	1,305	75	25	50
Colombia	2,495	1,175	1,320	160	60	105
Cuba	1,150	510	635	105	45	60
Haiti	865	415	450	90	55	35
Jamaica	7,205	3,760	3,440	2,025	1,060	965
Mexico	2,870	1,360	1,510	110	45	60
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	7,605	3,850	3,755	675	350	325
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	1,790	825	965	35	15	20
Other places of birth in Americas	12,860	5,660	7,195	1,675	790	885
Europe	30,555	14,975	15,580	915	445	480
France	1,360	660	700	40	15	25
Germany	875	475	400	40	25	15
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	1,445	905	540	20	10	10
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	750	350	400	15	10	10
Romania	1,415	555	860	10	0	15
Russian Federation	3,845	1,400	2,440	40	15	30
Ukraine	3,580	1,655	1,925	40	15	25
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	3,585	2,160	1,425	245	115	135
Other places of birth in Europe	13,695	6,810	6,885	460	240	220
Africa	23,910	11,705	12,200	2,455	1,205	1,250
Algeria	195	85	105	10	10	0
Cameroon	800	350	445	125	70	55
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	550	240	310	90	35	50
Côte d'Ivoire	280	135	145	35	15	20
Egypt	5,540	2,885	2,655	195	90	105
Eritrea	1,060	525	535	15	10	10
Ethiopia	1,655	745	910	30	10	25
Morocco	350	140	210	20	0	20
Nigeria	4,695	2,280	2,415	975	480	490
Somalia	1,115	530	590	40	20	15
South Africa, Republic of	770	405	360	20	15	0
Tunisia	125	85	35	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Africa	6,770	3,295	3,475	895	440	455
Asia	251,635	117,765	133,875	31,505	15,160	16,345
Afghanistan	4,500	2,235	2,260	370	150	225
Bangladesh	6,780	3,360	3,420	230	120	110
China^{Census data footnote 59}	48,955	21,765	27,185	310	110	200
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	1,740	700	1,040	15	10	15
India	57,455	28,890	28,570	22,390	10,945	11,445
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	18,565	8,985	9,575	95	60	35
Iraq	7,840	3,890	3,955	435	235	195
Israel	1,600	840	765	15	10	0
Japan	930	250	685	15	0	15
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	4,815	2,190	2,625	10	10	10
Lebanon	1,365	745	620	50	35	20
Nepal	2,415	1,235	1,180	410	190	215
Pakistan	20,360	9,960	10,400	2,930	1,405	1,520
Philippines	42,735	17,680	25,050	2,220	945	1,280
Saudi Arabia	2,020	1,030	990	100	30	65
Sri Lanka	7,095	3,095	3,995	1,030	490	535
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	5,365	2,790	2,570	55	20	30
Taiwan	755	305	450	10	10	10
Turkey	2,055	1,145	905	30	25	0
United Arab Emirates	3,175	1,605	1,575	215	110	110
Viet Nam	2,605	1,020	1,585	260	105	155
Other places of birth in Asia	8,510	4,035	4,470	320	165	155
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	1,230	740	490	95	45	45
Australia	955	600	355	80	45	30
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	270	140	135	15	0	15
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	5,371,020	2,606,395	2,764,630	590,950	292,350	298,600
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	2,753,115	1,295,920	1,457,195	320,330	155,315	165,010
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	1,541,070	777,190	763,880	189,190	96,530	92,665
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	1,076,835	533,280	543,555	81,430	40,505	40,920
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	2,051,830	965,135	1,086,695	263,225	127,545	135,680
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	1,023,350	505,520	517,835	100,360	52,610	47,750
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	409,525	251,475	158,050	39,475	27,795	11,680
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	613,825	254,045	359,780	60,885	24,815	36,070
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	690,870	282,355	408,515	130,455	57,060	73,395
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	308,760	164,150	144,605	30,050	16,695	13,355
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	28,845	13,110	15,735	2,360	1,175	1,190
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	5,371,025	2,606,390	2,764,630	590,945	292,350	298,600
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	39,035	18,255	20,780	4,330	1,950	2,375
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	36,845	17,110	19,735	3,985	1,785	2,205
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	23,465	10,830	12,640	2,630	1,200	1,435
Métis	12,830	6,030	6,800	1,255	545	705
Inuk (Inuit)	550	255	300	100	35	60
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	975	465	510	180	65	120
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	1,215	680	540	160	105	55
Non-Aboriginal identity	5,331,990	2,588,140	2,743,850	586,620	290,395	296,220
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	5,371,025	2,606,390	2,764,635	590,945	292,350	298,600
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	12,605	5,825	6,785	1,120	530	595
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	5,358,415	2,600,565	2,757,850	589,825	291,820	298,005
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	5,371,020	2,606,390	2,764,630	590,950	292,350	298,600
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	6,375	2,865	3,510	720	280	445
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	6,220	2,790	3,425	705	270	435
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	4,945	2,185	2,760	625	235	390
Métis single ancestry	1,155	560	600	75	30	50
Inuit single ancestry	115	45	70	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	160	75	85	15	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	105	50	55	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	20	10	10	15	10	10
Métis and Inuit ancestries	15	10	15	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	15	10	10	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	55,150	25,815	29,330	5,540	2,620	2,920
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	53,685	25,160	28,530	5,375	2,540	2,840
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40,680	19,105	21,565	4,285	1,980	2,305
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	12,265	5,720	6,540	960	495	470
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	750	335	415	130	65	70
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	1,460	655	800	165	85	75
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,250	550	705	85	45	40
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	130	55	70	55	25	30
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	80	50	30	20	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	10	10	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	5,309,500	2,577,710	2,731,790	584,685	289,450	295,235
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	5,371,025	2,606,395	2,764,635	590,950	292,350	298,600
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	2,910,660	1,400,000	1,510,655	433,230	213,870	219,360
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	932,145	470,380	461,760	261,705	132,735	128,970
Chinese	618,280	294,255	324,025	8,955	4,420	4,540
Black	430,280	198,790	231,490	82,175	38,325	43,850
Filipino	246,415	105,285	141,130	20,100	9,145	10,960
Latin American	126,485	60,725	65,755	14,045	6,710	7,335
Arab	100,155	51,885	48,270	6,045	3,090	2,955
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	80,335	37,780	42,560	8,425	4,035	4,385
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	120,685	60,285	60,400	5,275	2,615	2,660
Korean	68,155	32,470	35,685	430	180	250
Japanese	19,515	8,415	11,095	530	255	280
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	75,005	34,935	40,070	15,950	7,555	8,395
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	93,210	44,785	48,425	9,585	4,800	4,790
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	2,460,360	1,206,390	1,253,975	157,720	78,480	79,240
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	5,371,025	2,606,390	2,764,630	590,945	292,345	298,600
North American Aboriginal origins	61,525	28,680	32,840	6,260	2,905	3,360
First Nations (North American Indian)	47,150	21,970	25,175	5,070	2,300	2,765
Inuit	1,125	515	610	230	115	120
Métis	14,890	6,945	7,950	1,145	580	560
Other North American origins	659,555	326,935	332,620	66,270	33,295	32,975
Acadian	3,660	1,810	1,850	245	125	115
American	44,030	21,480	22,550	2,710	1,300	1,410
Canadian	623,605	309,300	314,305	63,795	32,095	31,700
New Brunswicker	80	50	30	20	10	0
Newfoundlander	2,605	1,325	1,285	435	245	190
Nova Scotian	595	270	330	55	25	25
Ontarian	575	340	235	50	35	15
Québécois	1,400	685	720	110	60	50
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	220	120	100	35	30	10
European origins	2,413,560	1,173,265	1,240,300	159,625	78,445	81,180
British Isles origins	1,074,255	524,990	549,260	78,205	38,075	40,135
Channel Islander	400	210	190	20	10	10
Cornish	175	90	85	10	0	0
English	605,385	296,180	309,205	43,970	21,490	22,480
Irish	456,650	218,130	238,520	31,225	14,985	16,235
Manx	720	425	295	25	15	0
Scottish	452,050	218,755	233,290	30,360	14,500	15,855
Welsh	47,510	22,785	24,730	3,105	1,600	1,505
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	92,185	44,145	48,040	5,855	2,665	3,190
French origins	212,840	100,750	112,095	15,120	7,305	7,815
Alsatian	320	125	200	10	0	0
Breton	55	35	20	0	0	0
Corsican	55	25	25	0	0	0
French	212,520	100,605	111,915	15,115	7,300	7,815
Western European origins (except French origins)	331,540	160,995	170,550	21,590	10,455	11,130
Austrian	26,905	13,040	13,865	1,215	570	650
Bavarian	135	50	80	0	0	0
Belgian	8,330	3,800	4,530	475	210	265
Dutch	78,240	37,405	40,835	6,410	3,050	3,360
Flemish	790	375	415	30	15	15
Frisian	350	205	145	55	30	25
German	229,980	112,255	117,725	14,190	6,965	7,225
Luxembourger	260	130	135	10	0	10
Swiss	12,710	6,340	6,365	640	310	330
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	480	225	255	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	59,615	28,865	30,755	2,785	1,425	1,365
Danish	12,805	6,390	6,415	680	345	330
Finnish	13,915	6,490	7,425	580	305	280
Icelandic	3,415	1,700	1,705	110	55	55
Norwegian	14,525	7,170	7,350	615	315	295
Swedish	16,290	7,525	8,770	830	395	435
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	3,115	1,485	1,630	150	60	85
Eastern European origins	547,800	260,365	287,440	20,105	9,915	10,190
Bulgarian	10,575	5,165	5,415	305	190	115
Byelorussian	7,840	3,830	4,015	100	45	55
Czech	15,200	7,335	7,870	670	385	285
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	4,075	1,935	2,135	265	135	135
Estonian	6,865	3,200	3,665	160	65	95
Hungarian	54,240	26,295	27,945	2,465	1,255	1,215
Latvian	8,960	4,185	4,775	210	110	105
Lithuanian	18,260	8,760	9,500	340	210	130
Moldovan	2,915	1,495	1,415	45	20	20
Polish	217,410	103,490	113,920	9,790	4,745	5,045
Romanian	47,340	22,500	24,840	1,350	630	725
Russian	133,800	62,215	71,585	1,755	815	940
Slovak	13,180	6,350	6,835	495	230	260
Ukrainian	130,370	62,245	68,130	4,705	2,290	2,420
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	7,120	3,335	3,785	50	20	25
Southern European origins	885,785	435,925	449,855	64,495	32,465	32,030
Albanian	17,125	8,655	8,465	525	280	250
Bosnian	6,150	2,995	3,150	470	230	240
Catalan	165	105	60	30	10	20
Croatian	32,740	16,365	16,375	2,355	1,245	1,105
Cypriot	2,355	1,195	1,160	80	35	45
Greek	92,410	46,340	46,070	2,515	1,325	1,195
Italian	421,900	209,670	212,230	25,185	13,165	12,020
Kosovar	480	255	225	15	0	10
Macedonian	25,245	12,585	12,660	830	390	440
Maltese	16,145	7,995	8,155	1,995	1,050	945
Montenegrin	1,420	680	740	45	25	25
Portuguese	191,040	92,890	98,150	24,500	12,095	12,405
Serbian	31,710	15,945	15,770	870	430	450
Sicilian	1,370	690	675	85	50	35
Slovenian	11,400	5,655	5,745	545	265	280
Spanish	99,960	46,885	53,080	8,905	4,195	4,710
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	5,865	2,810	3,060	310	150	160
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	480	205	275	20	10	10
Other European origins	70,120	35,070	35,045	1,215	575	640
Basque	755	360	395	60	35	30
Jewish	57,840	29,035	28,800	590	255	335
Roma (Gypsy)	1,150	545	605	25	0	20
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	895	475	420	30	15	15
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	9,935	4,875	5,060	505	265	245
Caribbean origins	333,840	151,150	182,690	68,595	31,230	37,360
Antiguan	2,390	1,050	1,340	335	180	155
Bahamian	1,200	610	590	115	55	60
Barbadian	17,490	7,935	9,550	2,385	1,060	1,330
Bermudan	930	430	500	10	0	10
Carib	1,745	625	1,120	335	115	220
Cuban	8,800	4,000	4,795	990	440	550
Dominican	6,160	2,945	3,220	650	280	375
Grenadian	12,185	5,235	6,945	2,090	975	1,115
Guadeloupean	40	10	30	0	0	0
Haitian	5,020	2,375	2,645	500	265	235
Jamaican	193,360	87,610	105,750	45,915	20,765	25,150
Kittitian/Nevisian	1,785	850	935	235	100	135
Martinican	150	50	100	0	0	0
Montserratan	425	195	225	70	40	25
Puerto Rican	675	355	325	65	25	40
St. Lucian	5,310	2,305	3,005	660	325	335
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	42,230	19,320	22,905	7,775	3,685	4,090
Vincentian/Grenadinian	9,995	4,200	5,795	1,560	660	910
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	44,630	19,830	24,800	10,190	4,490	5,695
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	12,890	5,740	7,145	1,645	810	835
Latin, Central and South American origins	202,120	95,220	106,905	26,040	12,215	13,830
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	6,755	3,135	3,620	620	330	290
Arawak	680	305	375	85	40	45
Argentinian	7,850	3,800	4,045	1,005	420	585
Belizean	335	150	180	30	15	15
Bolivian	1,240	600	645	160	75	80
Brazilian	12,250	5,925	6,320	680	290	390
Chilean	9,985	4,805	5,180	1,265	540	720
Colombian	23,130	11,070	12,065	1,670	795	875
Costa Rican	1,720	890	835	210	95	120
Ecuadorian	17,005	8,040	8,965	2,225	1,120	1,110
Guatemalan	5,575	2,680	2,895	1,155	585	570
Guyanese	55,335	25,270	30,060	11,205	5,280	5,925
Hispanic	3,455	1,690	1,765	355	130	225
Honduran	1,670	755	915	290	120	170
Maya	1,105	545	555	90	45	45
Mexican	18,380	8,520	9,860	980	440	540
Nicaraguan	3,520	1,700	1,815	280	135	150
Panamanian	1,715	745	970	260	135	120
Paraguayan	275	120	150	40	15	25
Peruvian	10,025	4,655	5,370	1,020	455	560
Salvadorean	14,435	7,115	7,315	2,085	1,055	1,035
Uruguayan	3,040	1,570	1,475	610	310	300
Venezuelan	7,825	3,550	4,285	405	175	225
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	8,800	4,320	4,480	1,130	520	610
African origins	257,720	125,440	132,280	32,140	15,895	16,250
Central and West African origins	57,350	28,290	29,060	13,225	6,650	6,575
Akan	705	400	305	140	70	65
Angolan	1,010	480	530	90	60	30
Ashanti	1,055	535	515	395	225	175
Beninese	370	190	180	40	25	15
Burkinabe	100	40	55	40	20	25
Cameroonian	2,445	1,205	1,240	385	205	180
Chadian	185	95	90	0	0	0
Congolese	3,920	1,865	2,050	490	240	255
Edo	925	485	440	180	90	85
Ewe	160	90	70	0	0	10
Gabonese	50	10	35	10	0	10
Gambian	550	250	295	55	35	20
Ghanaian	19,995	9,485	10,510	5,895	2,925	2,970
Guinean	620	325	300	25	20	10
Ibo	1,460	760	705	295	155	145
Ivorian	615	285	330	60	20	40
Liberian	295	125	170	55	15	35
Malian	265	140	125	25	10	15
Malinké	225	105	120	20	15	0
Nigerian	18,855	9,540	9,310	4,445	2,260	2,185
Peulh	65	35	25	0	0	0
Senegalese	530	280	250	45	25	20
Sierra Leonean	815	400	410	100	45	45
Togolese	315	205	105	25	20	10
Wolof	45	20	20	0	0	0
Yoruba	2,735	1,460	1,275	835	395	440
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	2,785	1,365	1,420	525	250	275
North African origins	50,800	26,105	24,695	2,245	1,155	1,090
Algerian	1,650	810	840	135	80	60
Berber	665	360	305	60	45	15
Coptic	1,640	855	785	45	30	15
Dinka	15	10	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	33,855	17,375	16,475	1,525	755	770
Libyan	1,260	675	595	70	35	35
Maure	235	135	110	45	25	20
Moroccan	8,380	4,340	4,050	250	150	100
Sudanese	3,610	1,755	1,855	185	90	100
Tunisian	1,060	570	495	15	15	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	825	445	380	60	25	35
Southern and East African origins	78,235	37,260	40,970	4,875	2,460	2,415
Afrikaner	315	160	155	10	10	10
Amhara	490	235	255	35	20	15
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	285	160	125	40	20	20
Burundian	650	360	290	50	25	20
Djiboutian	210	100	110	20	0	15
Eritrean	7,555	3,650	3,910	300	145	155
Ethiopian	15,900	7,615	8,280	870	415	455
Harari	460	250	210	0	0	0
Kenyan	3,880	1,805	2,080	565	285	280
Malagasy	170	75	95	15	0	15
Mauritian	2,710	1,405	1,305	440	245	200
Oromo	830	370	460	40	20	20
Rwandan	1,065	475	590	165	65	100
Seychellois	150	60	95	20	10	10
Somali	25,400	11,755	13,650	1,340	660	685
South African	11,025	5,505	5,520	425	240	185
Tanzanian	1,820	910	910	80	45	35
Tigrian	415	210	200	40	20	20
Ugandan	1,935	930	1,005	140	75	65
Zambian	355	175	185	65	25	35
Zimbabwean	1,670	775	900	150	70	75
Zulu	185	100	90	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	5,190	2,250	2,940	345	165	175
Other African origins	75,020	35,540	39,485	12,490	5,995	6,495
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	10,710	4,630	6,080	1,475	620	850
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	65,110	31,290	33,825	11,195	5,455	5,735
Asian origins	2,352,765	1,139,965	1,212,805	323,165	161,875	161,290
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	317,140	160,115	157,025	16,825	8,400	8,430
Afghan	40,230	20,175	20,055	3,890	1,890	2,005
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	22,105	11,430	10,675	1,350	675	680
Armenian	20,645	10,010	10,635	650	330	320
Assyrian	7,240	3,690	3,550	1,375	735	640
Azerbaijani	3,280	1,595	1,685	50	15	35
Georgian	2,340	1,195	1,140	0	0	0
Hazara	510	270	240	10	10	0
Iranian	94,955	47,625	47,335	1,535	820	710
Iraqi	27,230	13,595	13,640	3,140	1,625	1,510
Israeli	14,170	7,315	6,855	170	80	85
Jordanian	5,115	2,755	2,365	255	130	125
Kazakh	940	410	525	0	0	0
Kurd	4,290	2,295	2,000	145	85	55
Kuwaiti	330	205	130	15	10	10
Kyrgyz	235	80	150	0	0	0
Lebanese	27,635	14,100	13,540	1,595	805	795
Palestinian	14,465	7,765	6,695	860	435	425
Pashtun	1,925	1,070	855	270	140	125
Saudi Arabian	1,600	840	760	95	40	55
Syrian	15,545	7,565	7,990	1,040	400	640
Tajik	1,390	640	750	80	25	55
Tatar	1,750	750	1,000	15	0	10
Turk	22,165	11,210	10,955	985	450	540
Turkmen	400	200	200	40	25	20
Uighur	540	255	285	0	0	0
Uzbek	1,670	820	850	30	15	15
Yemeni	2,450	1,145	1,305	105	45	60
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	9,695	5,005	4,690	670	360	310
South Asian origins	953,545	478,660	474,885	263,445	133,295	130,150
Bangladeshi	23,010	11,790	11,220	1,370	655	715
Bengali	12,255	6,260	5,995	820	420	400
Bhutanese	150	80	70	15	10	10
East Indian	618,685	310,525	308,160	197,360	99,905	97,460
Goan	3,840	1,770	2,075	345	155	190
Gujarati	4,775	2,475	2,295	1,330	735	595
Kashmiri	1,305	670	635	230	105	130
Nepali	5,350	2,630	2,720	1,180	590	590
Pakistani	113,270	57,500	55,770	20,385	10,235	10,150
Punjabi	45,820	23,605	22,215	29,465	15,245	14,225
Sinhalese	3,770	1,840	1,930	720	340	380
Sri Lankan	110,210	53,705	56,505	13,735	6,755	6,980
Tamil	38,690	19,580	19,110	4,660	2,345	2,320
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	47,545	24,110	23,435	10,615	5,360	5,250
East and Southeast Asian origins	1,103,325	511,400	591,925	44,650	20,980	23,675
Burmese	2,075	915	1,165	215	85	135
Cambodian (Khmer)	5,945	2,740	3,205	405	165	245
Chinese	684,395	324,960	359,435	15,195	7,415	7,780
Filipino	265,560	114,395	151,165	22,080	10,105	11,980
Hmong	50	25	25	20	15	10
Indonesian	5,845	2,710	3,130	305	140	165
Japanese	26,485	11,605	14,880	915	430	485
Karen	265	120	145	30	15	15
Korean	71,740	34,180	37,560	550	230	315
Laotian	3,805	1,880	1,930	980	485	495
Malaysian	5,335	2,510	2,825	295	135	160
Mongolian	1,890	855	1,035	55	20	40
Singaporean	1,005	455	550	100	40	55
Taiwanese	7,820	3,580	4,240	70	25	50
Thai	3,240	1,225	2,010	340	145	200
Tibetan	5,935	2,975	2,960	90	50	30
Vietnamese	71,425	33,860	37,565	6,775	3,280	3,505
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	3,220	1,585	1,640	680	295	380
Other Asian origins	9,945	4,905	5,040	2,060	1,035	1,025
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	9,945	4,905	5,040	2,060	1,035	1,025
Oceania origins	8,815	4,450	4,365	505	250	255
Australian	5,315	2,775	2,540	110	65	50
New Zealander	1,755	925	830	65	35	30
Pacific Islands origins	1,950	885	1,070	340	155	180
Fijian	1,170	490	685	295	130	170
Hawaiian	175	85	90	0	0	0
Maori	165	95	75	10	10	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	100	40	65	0	10	0
Samoan	95	45	45	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	330	155	175	30	20	15
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	1,967,560	...	...	168,010	...	...
Owner	1,276,425	...	...	134,400	...	...
Renter	691,140	...	...	33,610	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	1,967,560	...	...	168,010	...	...
Condominium	434,620	...	...	16,215	...	...
Not condominium	1,532,935	...	...	151,795	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	1,967,555	...	...	168,010	...	...
No bedrooms	24,005	...	...	285	...	...
1 bedroom	376,525	...	...	10,255	...	...
2 bedrooms	432,060	...	...	18,490	...	...
3 bedrooms	556,210	...	...	57,535	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	578,765	...	...	81,445	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	1,967,555	...	...	168,015	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	732,945	...	...	30,540	...	...
5 rooms	269,420	...	...	25,200	...	...
6 rooms	250,890	...	...	29,645	...	...
7 rooms	220,325	...	...	27,540	...	...
8 or more rooms	493,975	...	...	55,080	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.8	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	1,967,560	...	...	168,015	...	...
One person or fewer per room	1,876,310	...	...	158,050	...	...
More than 1 person per room	91,250	...	...	9,960	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	1,967,560	...	...	168,010	...	...
Suitable	1,767,780	...	...	150,430	...	...
Not suitable	199,770	...	...	17,580	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	1,967,560	...	...	168,015	...	...
1960 or before	413,230	...	...	7,615	...	...
1961 to 1980	529,935	...	...	36,765	...	...
1981 to 1990	279,160	...	...	25,340	...	...
1991 to 2000	246,640	...	...	25,355	...	...
2001 to 2005	179,090	...	...	29,250	...	...
2006 to 2010	163,020	...	...	22,440	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	156,485	...	...	21,245	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	1,967,560	...	...	168,010	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	1,858,255	...	...	161,995	...	...
Major repairs needed	109,300	...	...	6,020	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	1,967,560	...	...	168,010	...	...
1 household maintainer	1,124,090	...	...	80,255	...	...
2 household maintainers	759,115	...	...	76,435	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	84,350	...	...	11,330	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	1,967,560	...	...	168,010	...	...
15 to 24 years	47,450	...	...	1,815	...	...
25 to 34 years	277,355	...	...	20,130	...	...
35 to 44 years	371,615	...	...	40,000	...	...
45 to 54 years	454,610	...	...	45,675	...	...
55 to 64 years	381,365	...	...	32,675	...	...
65 to 74 years	242,735	...	...	17,895	...	...
75 to 84 years	137,935	...	...	7,425	...	...
85 years and over	54,490	...	...	2,385	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	1,964,415	...	...	167,930	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	1,292,415	...	...	111,485	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	671,995	...	...	56,445	...	...
30% to less than 100%	553,740	...	...	51,155	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,276,365	...	...	134,390	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	62.6	...	...	79.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	27.3	...	...	31.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,649	...	...	1,897	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,755	...	...	1,869	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	648,719	...	...	524,947	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	743,131	...	...	570,344	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	691,125	...	...	33,610	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	14.7	...	...	12.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	46.9	...	...	43.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,207	...	...	1,203	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,263	...	...	1,225	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	4,485,730	2,151,895	2,333,830	470,765	230,010	240,755
No certificate, diploma or degree	730,915	345,155	385,765	93,770	44,800	48,970
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	1,147,670	564,185	583,480	142,640	72,140	70,505
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,607,140	1,242,555	1,364,580	234,355	113,070	121,285
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	190,445	124,915	65,530	22,105	15,200	6,900
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	105,015	61,850	43,165	12,475	7,815	4,660
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	85,425	63,060	22,360	9,630	7,385	2,240
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	756,515	330,560	425,950	86,315	38,040	48,275
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	126,335	56,415	69,925	11,735	5,700	6,040
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,533,855	730,670	803,185	114,205	54,135	60,065
Bachelor's degree	1,009,045	465,915	543,125	78,560	36,755	41,810
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	100,985	46,510	54,480	7,210	3,475	3,735
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	42,640	21,280	21,355	2,525	1,230	1,295
Master's degree	335,240	168,965	166,270	24,425	11,830	12,595
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	45,945	28,000	17,945	1,480	850	630
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	3,020,615	1,447,205	1,573,410	320,695	155,215	165,480
No certificate, diploma or degree	292,270	146,320	145,950	42,505	21,325	21,180
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	647,655	324,200	323,455	87,835	44,070	43,765
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,080,685	976,680	1,104,005	190,355	89,825	100,535
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	129,450	84,010	45,440	16,260	11,120	5,145
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	71,910	41,985	29,930	9,295	5,760	3,540
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	57,540	42,030	15,510	6,965	5,360	1,610
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	589,090	256,645	332,445	68,265	29,205	39,060
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	94,740	42,000	52,740	8,890	4,270	4,625
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,267,410	594,025	673,385	96,940	45,230	51,705
Bachelor's degree	821,300	376,095	445,205	65,090	30,170	34,920
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	81,920	36,340	45,580	6,095	2,830	3,265
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	34,910	16,305	18,605	2,235	1,030	1,205
Master's degree	293,070	144,435	148,630	22,300	10,560	11,745
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	36,215	20,850	15,365	1,220	645	580
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	4,485,725	2,151,900	2,333,825	470,770	230,010	240,755
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	1,878,585	909,335	969,245	236,410	116,940	119,470
Education	130,685	26,640	104,045	10,590	2,045	8,535
13. Education	130,690	26,640	104,050	10,585	2,050	8,540
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	130,390	58,720	71,675	6,080	2,885	3,190
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	16,640	12,320	4,315	1,100	810	290
50. Visual and performing arts	113,755	46,395	67,360	4,980	2,075	2,905
Humanities	179,405	63,540	115,865	18,380	6,360	12,020
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	21,645	4,760	16,885	1,575	385	1,185
23. English language and literature/letters	50,845	14,640	36,205	3,220	790	2,425
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	53,905	18,055	35,845	10,365	3,675	6,690
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	870	385	475	20	15	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	11,750	6,510	5,240	635	300	335
39. Theology and religious vocations	9,435	5,960	3,470	640	440	200
54. History	24,730	12,250	12,475	1,660	730	930
55. French language and literature/letters	6,240	970	5,265	265	30	240
Social and behavioural sciences and law	375,990	132,895	243,090	26,685	8,070	18,615
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	5,275	1,010	4,265	220	20	200
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	41,765	16,265	25,495	1,815	645	1,165
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	51,475	4,985	46,485	5,375	520	4,855
22. Legal professions and studies	64,720	25,805	38,915	4,865	1,700	3,170
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	6,200	1,435	4,760	430	90	340
42. Psychology	52,075	12,435	39,640	3,520	650	2,870
45. Social sciences	154,480	70,955	83,525	10,465	4,450	6,020
Business, management and public administration	635,290	286,145	349,150	57,340	24,655	32,685
30.16 Accounting and computer science	1,300	505	800	170	70	100
44. Public administration and social service professions	38,360	8,100	30,265	3,765	715	3,055
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	595,630	277,540	318,090	53,395	23,870	29,530
Physical and life sciences and technologies	126,840	59,465	67,380	12,335	5,690	6,645
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	53,350	21,080	32,270	4,385	1,540	2,845
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	31,225	13,705	17,520	4,180	1,970	2,215
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	2,340	735	1,605	95	30	70
40. Physical sciences	35,555	22,435	13,125	3,120	1,985	1,135
41. Science technologies/technicians	4,370	1,505	2,865	555	175	380
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	158,045	102,350	55,695	14,475	9,390	5,080
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	122,045	83,770	38,275	12,260	8,270	3,995
25. Library science	5,560	935	4,630	205	20	190
27. Mathematics and statistics	27,925	15,910	12,015	1,880	1,010	870
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	2,520	1,745	775	135	95	35
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	439,230	375,990	63,235	45,325	41,130	4,195
04. Architecture and related services	28,885	18,400	10,485	1,290	895	395
14. Engineering	199,695	158,560	41,140	16,195	13,685	2,510
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	73,645	65,980	7,665	9,495	8,585	915
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	100	25	75	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	53,550	52,345	1,200	5,780	5,700	75
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	55,235	53,715	1,525	8,110	7,875	230
48. Precision production	28,120	26,975	1,145	4,460	4,390	70
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	27,465	14,400	13,070	2,345	1,490	860
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	16,015	8,845	7,170	1,690	1,140	550
03. Natural resources and conservation	11,455	5,550	5,900	660	350	310
Health and related fields	303,620	74,055	229,570	29,235	5,760	23,480
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	24,245	12,480	11,765	1,775	1,000	780
51. Health professions and related programs	267,470	55,340	212,130	27,020	4,550	22,470
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	11,905	6,230	5,675	435	210	225
Personal, protective and transportation services	99,875	48,260	51,615	11,555	5,585	5,970
12. Personal and culinary services	62,940	19,925	43,010	6,150	1,510	4,640
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	365	330	35	25	20	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	480	455	25	55	50	0
43. Security and protective services	22,935	15,975	6,960	3,550	2,390	1,165
49. Transportation and materials moving	13,160	11,585	1,580	1,785	1,620	160
Other	295	100	195	10	10	10
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	290	95	195	15	10	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	3,020,615	1,447,205	1,573,415	320,695	155,210	165,480
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	939,930	470,525	469,405	130,335	65,390	64,945
Education	95,095	18,915	76,180	8,005	1,410	6,595
13. Education	95,100	18,915	76,185	8,005	1,410	6,590
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	104,620	47,155	57,465	4,570	2,115	2,450
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	12,780	9,495	3,285	780	590	195
50. Visual and performing arts	91,845	37,665	54,185	3,790	1,530	2,260
Humanities	139,350	48,065	91,290	15,350	5,000	10,345
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	17,015	3,465	13,545	1,330	310	1,020
23. English language and literature/letters	39,550	11,125	28,425	2,630	590	2,040
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	42,735	13,895	28,845	8,830	2,930	5,900
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	690	320	370	15	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	9,135	5,110	4,030	505	220	285
39. Theology and religious vocations	6,935	4,370	2,560	495	340	155
54. History	18,705	9,180	9,525	1,335	585	755
55. French language and literature/letters	4,585	600	3,980	205	20	185
Social and behavioural sciences and law	304,820	105,350	199,465	21,155	6,225	14,930
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	4,315	850	3,470	180	15	160
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	34,495	13,470	21,020	1,345	475	870
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	39,405	3,515	35,890	4,125	385	3,740
22. Legal professions and studies	54,925	20,115	34,810	4,035	1,285	2,750
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	4,850	1,185	3,660	325	80	245
42. Psychology	40,890	9,305	31,585	2,715	490	2,220
45. Social sciences	125,945	56,905	69,040	8,435	3,490	4,950
Business, management and public administration	524,355	231,890	292,465	48,495	20,345	28,150
30.16 Accounting and computer science	1,095	405	685	135	55	85
44. Public administration and social service professions	30,890	6,455	24,440	3,040	545	2,495
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	492,370	225,035	267,335	45,320	19,740	25,575
Physical and life sciences and technologies	96,435	43,745	52,695	9,850	4,400	5,445
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	40,650	15,625	25,025	3,420	1,155	2,265
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	24,030	10,235	13,800	3,320	1,515	1,815
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	1,920	625	1,295	80	20	60
40. Physical sciences	26,590	16,240	10,350	2,600	1,590	1,010
41. Science technologies/technicians	3,245	1,020	2,225	425	125	300
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	140,470	91,425	49,045	13,100	8,475	4,630
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	111,605	76,680	34,920	11,240	7,590	3,645
25. Library science	3,950	715	3,235	150	10	135
27. Mathematics and statistics	22,690	12,525	10,165	1,595	785	815
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	2,235	1,505	725	120	90	30
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	338,415	284,970	53,445	35,625	32,010	3,615
04. Architecture and related services	23,725	14,720	9,010	1,060	730	330
14. Engineering	163,350	127,605	35,750	13,680	11,435	2,245
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	54,630	48,775	5,860	7,175	6,415	760
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	95	20	75	10	0	10
46. Construction trades	38,265	37,375	895	4,290	4,230	60
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	39,680	38,605	1,070	6,110	5,940	170
48. Precision production	18,670	17,870	795	3,310	3,260	55
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	21,845	11,015	10,830	1,855	1,165	685
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	12,520	6,515	6,005	1,330	875	455
03. Natural resources and conservation	9,325	4,500	4,820	520	290	235
Health and related fields	239,960	58,120	181,845	23,695	4,555	19,135
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	18,145	9,295	8,850	1,165	610	560
51. Health professions and related programs	212,380	44,170	168,205	22,135	3,765	18,370
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	9,440	4,655	4,785	395	185	210
Personal, protective and transportation services	75,070	35,955	39,115	8,650	4,115	4,535
12. Personal and culinary services	47,120	14,595	32,530	4,730	1,160	3,570
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	260	225	40	25	20	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	220	210	15	25	20	0
43. Security and protective services	17,030	11,690	5,345	2,470	1,630	835
49. Transportation and materials moving	10,430	9,235	1,190	1,405	1,285	120
Other	250	75	170	10	0	10
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	250	75	170	10	0	10
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	4,485,725	2,151,895	2,333,830	470,765	230,010	240,755
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,878,585	909,340	969,245	236,415	116,940	119,470
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	2,607,145	1,242,560	1,364,585	234,350	113,070	121,280
Location of study inside Canada	1,736,445	819,555	916,895	140,720	65,250	75,480
Same as province or territory of residence	1,599,135	752,170	846,965	133,600	61,765	71,835
Different than province or territory of residence	137,320	67,390	69,930	7,125	3,480	3,640
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	870,690	423,000	447,690	93,630	47,825	45,805
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	78,865	43,540	35,330	4,530	2,470	2,060
Philippines	93,650	32,815	60,840	6,725	2,730	4,000
India	137,910	69,690	68,220	49,045	24,885	24,155
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	54,970	30,515	24,455	4,340	2,575	1,770
China^{Census data footnote 162}	77,375	36,630	40,745	1,125	515	605
France	6,540	3,550	2,985	220	135	80
Other	421,380	206,260	215,120	27,655	14,520	13,130
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	3,020,615	1,447,200	1,573,410	320,690	155,215	165,480
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	939,930	470,525	469,405	130,335	65,390	64,945
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	2,080,685	976,680	1,104,005	190,355	89,820	100,535
Location of study inside Canada	1,382,850	646,575	736,280	110,425	50,265	60,160
Same as province or territory of residence	1,273,355	592,550	680,800	104,725	47,475	57,255
Different than province or territory of residence	109,500	54,015	55,480	5,695	2,790	2,910
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	697,835	330,110	367,725	79,935	39,560	40,375
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	62,760	33,745	29,020	3,925	2,100	1,825
Philippines	79,090	27,270	51,820	5,755	2,305	3,450
India	118,455	58,170	60,290	43,250	21,255	21,995
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	34,420	18,765	15,660	2,695	1,495	1,195
China^{Census data footnote 162}	65,240	30,415	34,825	1,000	445	555
France	5,490	2,965	2,530	190	110	80
Other	332,375	158,785	173,590	23,115	11,845	11,270
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	4,485,725	2,151,895	2,333,830	470,765	230,015	240,755
In the labour force	2,954,195	1,522,940	1,431,255	319,620	169,320	150,300
Employed	2,720,530	1,407,640	1,312,890	293,075	157,040	136,030
Unemployed	233,665	115,300	118,365	26,545	12,280	14,270
Not in the labour force	1,531,530	628,960	902,575	151,145	60,695	90,450
Participation rate	65.9	70.8	61.3	67.9	73.6	62.4
Employment rate	60.6	65.4	56.3	62.3	68.3	56.5
Unemployment rate	7.9	7.6	8.3	8.3	7.3	9.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	4,485,725	2,151,895	2,333,830	470,765	230,010	240,750
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	1,487,830	612,205	875,630	149,870	60,075	89,795
Worked	2,997,895	1,539,690	1,458,200	320,890	169,935	150,960
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	1,532,845	848,305	684,545	164,920	94,430	70,490
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	1,465,045	691,385	773,660	155,965	75,505	80,465
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	43.1	41.8	42.5	43.4	41.4
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	2,954,195	1,522,940	1,431,255	319,620	169,315	150,305
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	85,760	39,655	46,105	9,185	3,780	5,405
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	2,868,435	1,483,280	1,385,155	310,435	165,540	144,895
Employee	2,505,850	1,246,505	1,259,345	277,180	140,870	136,315
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	362,585	236,780	125,805	33,255	24,670	8,585
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	2,954,195	1,522,940	1,431,255	319,620	169,320	150,300
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	85,760	39,655	46,105	9,185	3,780	5,405
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	2,868,435	1,483,285	1,385,155	310,435	165,540	144,895
0 Management occupations	337,265	203,770	133,495	25,700	15,905	9,790
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	530,385	190,720	339,665	54,715	19,170	35,545
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	251,395	191,580	59,810	21,550	16,955	4,595
3 Health occupations	160,610	39,320	121,285	15,185	2,515	12,665
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	327,425	100,020	227,405	24,090	6,150	17,945
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	119,645	59,275	60,370	5,610	2,745	2,865
6 Sales and service occupations	676,065	313,535	362,530	70,400	29,060	41,345
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	309,545	287,595	21,945	61,145	55,000	6,145
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	17,960	14,720	3,235	1,980	1,545	435
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	138,155	82,740	55,415	30,060	16,495	13,565
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	2,954,195	1,522,940	1,431,255	319,620	169,320	150,300
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	85,760	39,655	46,100	9,185	3,780	5,405
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	2,868,435	1,483,285	1,385,150	310,435	165,540	144,895
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	5,115	2,965	2,150	730	425	305
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	3,950	2,680	1,270	245	145	100
22 Utilities	13,965	9,465	4,500	975	725	250
23 Construction	163,810	142,960	20,845	17,840	15,315	2,525
31-33 Manufacturing	256,170	167,975	88,200	45,780	29,380	16,400
41 Wholesale trade	128,255	79,360	48,890	17,065	9,945	7,120
44-45 Retail trade	307,460	146,985	160,480	36,020	17,005	19,010
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	153,930	113,255	40,675	40,770	30,055	10,710
51 Information and cultural industries	100,825	58,430	42,395	6,555	3,820	2,730
52 Finance and insurance	233,060	112,580	120,480	16,530	7,210	9,325
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	76,725	41,670	35,055	5,980	3,325	2,655
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	317,960	179,905	138,055	20,140	11,355	8,785
55 Management of companies and enterprises	7,965	3,375	4,595	555	175	380
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	148,930	81,450	67,475	19,235	10,280	8,955
61 Educational services	208,170	65,400	142,770	15,785	4,030	11,755
62 Health care and social assistance	265,290	54,875	210,415	24,460	3,640	20,820
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	57,575	30,415	27,165	3,445	1,785	1,660
72 Accommodation and food services	189,685	87,920	101,765	16,935	6,225	10,710
81 Other services (except public administration)	123,585	50,940	72,645	11,110	5,745	5,370
91 Public administration	106,010	50,680	55,330	10,280	4,950	5,330
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	2,720,530	1,407,640	1,312,890	293,070	157,040	136,035
Worked at home	196,035	100,435	95,595	12,615	6,505	6,115
Worked outside Canada	18,685	12,660	6,020	1,575	1,175	400
No fixed workplace address	311,760	220,515	91,245	39,055	29,175	9,880
Worked at usual place	2,194,055	1,074,025	1,120,030	239,830	120,195	119,635
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	2,194,050	1,074,025	1,120,025	239,830	120,190	119,635
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,297,375	591,205	706,165	86,760	39,675	47,090
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	196,715	97,810	98,905	73,475	37,005	36,470
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	694,925	381,990	312,935	79,100	43,180	35,915
Commute to a different province or territory	5,045	3,020	2,020	500	330	160
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	2,505,815	1,294,540	1,211,270	278,880	149,365	129,515
Car, truck, van - as a driver	1,509,390	870,970	638,420	211,650	122,165	89,490
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	139,630	49,845	89,785	20,685	7,375	13,310
Public transit	656,330	276,110	380,220	38,925	16,360	22,565
Walked	136,810	61,315	75,500	4,585	1,880	2,705
Bicycle	38,460	24,280	14,175	725	570	155
Other method	25,195	12,020	13,170	2,310	1,020	1,295
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	2,505,810	1,294,545	1,211,270	278,885	149,365	129,515
Less than 15 minutes	341,440	156,775	184,665	35,545	15,865	19,680
15 to 29 minutes	732,785	374,395	358,390	91,125	48,750	42,380
30 to 44 minutes	668,925	362,510	306,415	75,385	43,120	32,255
45 to 59 minutes	335,205	176,620	158,595	32,340	17,695	14,635
60 minutes and over	427,450	224,240	203,210	44,495	23,930	20,560
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	2,505,810	1,294,545	1,211,270	278,880	149,365	129,520
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	134,680	94,940	39,735	25,000	17,440	7,560
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	369,285	220,720	148,565	53,695	31,290	22,400
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	635,210	308,240	326,975	63,410	30,740	32,670
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	604,620	281,310	323,310	46,060	21,345	24,715
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	379,095	181,970	197,125	33,540	16,365	17,180
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	382,920	207,360	175,555	57,175	32,185	24,995
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	3,108,065	1,593,200	1,514,860	334,545	176,430	158,110
Single responses	3,030,280	1,555,755	1,474,515	324,510	170,765	153,740
Official languages	2,939,720	1,507,770	1,431,945	317,745	167,070	150,670
English	2,928,795	1,504,810	1,423,990	317,000	166,905	150,095
French	10,920	2,965	7,955	745	170	575
Non-official languages	90,555	47,985	42,570	6,760	3,695	3,060
Aboriginal languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	90,550	47,985	42,570	6,760	3,695	3,065
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,790	1,015	770	65	35	30
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	100	45	55	0	0	10
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	20	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	85	35	50	10	0	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,680	970	710	60	35	25
Amharic	55	20	35	0	0	0
Arabic	1,115	725	385	55	40	15
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	100	75	30	10	0	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	335	100	240	0	0	0
Maltese	20	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	45	25	15	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,770	735	1,030	140	65	75
Khmer (Cambodian)	45	25	20	0	0	0
Vietnamese	1,720	715	1,010	145	70	75
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,055	395	660	75	25	50
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	25	0	15	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ilocano	35	20	15	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	35	20	20	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	935	345	590	75	25	50
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	25	25	0	10	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	15	10	10	10	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	1,805	870	935	195	75	125
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	45	25	25	15	10	10
Tamil	1,735	840	890	170	65	110
Telugu	25	0	20	10	0	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	26,205	14,420	11,790	5,905	3,315	2,590
Albanian	210	125	90	0	0	0
Armenian	130	70	65	10	10	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5,180	2,515	2,665	155	80	75
Baltic languages	55	20	35	0	0	0
Latvian	0	10	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	45	20	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5,130	2,500	2,635	155	85	75
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	40	30	10	0	0	0
Bulgarian	110	75	40	0	0	0
Croatian	80	60	25	0	0	0
Czech	15	10	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	80	30	40	0	0	0
Polish	1,440	770	670	130	65	60
Russian	2,445	1,070	1,375	20	15	10
Serbian	165	105	55	10	10	0
Serbo-Croatian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Slovak	50	30	15	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	680	290	390	10	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	355	140	220	10	10	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dutch	60	40	20	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	220	65	150	10	0	0
Icelandic	10	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Swedish	20	10	15	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	15	10	15	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	340	185	150	10	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10,565	5,875	4,690	5,120	2,805	2,315
Indo-Aryan languages	8,150	4,360	3,790	5,075	2,785	2,285
Bengali	295	145	155	10	0	0
Gujarati	585	200	385	230	75	150
Hindi	710	340	370	335	135	205
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	10	10	0	0	0	0
Marathi	30	15	15	0	0	0
Nepali	55	20	35	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5,490	3,150	2,340	4,315	2,505	1,805
Sindhi	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	15	10	0	10	0
Urdu	935	465	470	165	55	110
Iranian languages	2,415	1,515	895	45	20	30
Kurdish	85	70	10	0	0	0
Pashto	15	10	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	2,320	1,440	880	50	20	25
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	9,410	5,505	3,910	610	415	190
Catalan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Italian	720	390	335	40	25	15
Portuguese	4,910	3,240	1,670	295	215	80
Romanian	220	95	125	10	0	0
Spanish	3,545	1,775	1,775	275	175	100
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Japanese	765	250	520	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Georgian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Korean	4,205	2,125	2,080	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	70	35	35	10	0	10
Akan (Twi)	20	0	15	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	20	15	10	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	10	10	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	10	10	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	295	120	180	70	15	50
American Sign Language	195	50	140	45	10	35
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	105	65	40	30	0	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	51,785	27,560	24,220	285	145	140
Chinese languages	51,735	27,535	24,205	280	145	140
Cantonese	24,825	12,930	11,890	135	80	50
Hakka	35	10	30	0	0	0
Mandarin	25,715	14,005	11,710	145	55	90
Min Dong	30	20	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	220	145	75	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	20	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	890	405	480	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	50	30	25	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	10	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	45	30	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	70	30	40	0	0	0
Lao	10	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	60	30	35	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	405	275	130	0	10	0
Azerbaijani	15	10	10	0	0	0
Turkish	385	260	125	10	10	0
Uyghur	0	10	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	290	130	160	0	0	0
Estonian	50	10	35	0	0	0
Finnish	35	10	30	0	0	0
Hungarian	205	115	95	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	77,785	37,445	40,340	10,040	5,665	4,380
English and French	15,535	6,000	9,535	1,510	580	930
English and non-official language	61,045	30,905	30,145	8,415	5,045	3,370
French and non-official language	75	45	35	0	10	0
English, French and non-official language	1,130	495	635	105	30	70
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	3,108,060	1,593,200	1,514,865	334,545	176,430	158,115
None	2,853,615	1,465,535	1,388,080	308,635	162,025	146,610
English	42,865	20,790	22,075	3,030	1,640	1,395
French	44,295	19,000	25,295	2,670	1,060	1,610
Non-official language	162,965	85,830	77,140	20,015	11,605	8,415
Aboriginal	125	30	90	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	162,840	85,790	77,050	20,015	11,605	8,415
English and French	85	40	45	0	0	0
English and non-official language	1,165	560	600	45	35	15
French and non-official language	3,050	1,430	1,620	145	70	70
English, French and non-official language	20	20	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	5,316,405	2,578,540	2,737,865	583,680	288,675	295,005
Non-movers	4,638,795	2,245,210	2,393,580	506,925	250,290	256,630
Movers	677,605	333,320	344,285	76,760	38,380	38,380
Non-migrants	411,950	201,845	210,100	45,200	22,635	22,565
Migrants	265,660	131,475	134,185	31,560	15,750	15,810
Internal migrants	163,550	80,665	82,885	21,835	10,895	10,940
Intraprovincial migrants	138,890	68,355	70,540	19,825	9,865	9,965
Interprovincial migrants	24,655	12,315	12,340	2,010	1,035	975
External migrants	102,110	50,810	51,300	9,725	4,850	4,870
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	5,092,400	2,463,705	2,628,690	553,385	273,005	280,380
Non-movers	3,128,180	1,505,965	1,622,210	316,105	155,900	160,200
Movers	1,964,220	957,740	1,006,480	237,285	117,095	120,180
Non-migrants	1,108,880	539,010	569,865	134,780	66,645	68,125
Migrants	855,345	418,730	436,615	102,510	50,450	52,055
Internal migrants	475,275	232,345	242,925	64,560	31,555	33,010
Intraprovincial migrants	411,920	201,625	210,295	60,500	29,550	30,955
Interprovincial migrants	63,350	30,720	32,630	4,055	2,005	2,055
External migrants	380,070	186,385	193,685	37,945	18,895	19,050

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Toronto [Population centre], Ontario and Brampton, CY [Census subdivision], Ontario (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed January 16, 2026).

Date modified:: 2024-07-12

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Toronto [Population centre], Ontario and Brampton, City [Census subdivision], Ontario

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Toronto [Population centre], Ontario and Brampton, City [Census subdivision], Ontario