Census Profile, 2016 Census
Fort Erie [Population centre], Ontario and Ontario [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Fort Erie Ontario [Population centre]			Ontario [Province]
	Data quality , Fort Erie [Population centre], Ontario Map : Fort Erie [Population centre], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Ontario [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	14,621	...	...	13,448,494	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	14,490 ^r	...	...	12,851,821	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	0.9	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	6,541	...	...	5,598,391	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	6,128	...	...	5,169,174	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,070.9	...	...	14.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	13.65	...	...	908,699.33	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	14,620	7,010	7,610	13,448,495	6,559,390	6,889,105
0 to 14 years	2,180	1,105	1,080	2,207,970	1,131,615	1,076,350
0 to 4 years	635	315	315	697,360	357,300	340,055
5 to 9 years	750	375	375	756,085	387,320	368,765
10 to 14 years	795	410	385	754,530	387,000	367,530
15 to 64 years	9,080	4,425	4,655	8,988,865	4,412,115	4,576,750
15 to 19 years	770	385	385	811,670	416,730	394,945
20 to 24 years	780	395	390	894,390	457,815	436,570
25 to 29 years	745	380	370	874,350	436,345	438,010
30 to 34 years	720	360	360	864,765	420,800	443,965
35 to 39 years	790	380	415	842,485	402,900	439,585
40 to 44 years	750	350	400	871,875	418,465	453,415
45 to 49 years	965	460	505	937,385	453,105	484,275
50 to 54 years	1,160	585	570	1,056,345	517,170	539,175
55 to 59 years	1,215	580	635	989,460	482,280	507,180
60 to 64 years	1,175	550	625	846,145	406,505	439,640
65 years and over	3,365	1,485	1,880	2,251,655	1,015,655	1,236,000
65 to 69 years	1,070	500	565	737,745	352,475	385,270
70 to 74 years	780	365	415	528,645	250,455	278,185
75 to 79 years	550	255	295	393,010	179,810	213,195
80 to 84 years	440	195	245	291,185	126,825	164,360
85 years and over	525	165	360	301,075	106,090	194,985
85 to 89 years	290	100	185	188,470	73,045	115,425
90 to 94 years	175	50	125	88,390	27,400	60,990
95 to 99 years	55	15	45	21,210	5,150	16,060
100 years and over	5	0	5	3,005	495	2,520
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.9	15.8	14.2	16.4	17.3	15.6
15 to 64 years	62.1	63.1	61.2	66.8	67.3	66.4
65 years and over	23.0	21.2	24.7	16.7	15.5	17.9
85 years and over	3.6	2.4	4.7	2.2	1.6	2.8
Average age of the population	45.1	43.8	46.2	41.0	40.0	41.9
Median age of the population	47.8	46.7	49.1	41.3	40.2	42.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	6,130	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Single-detached house	4,640	...	...	2,807,380	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	310	...	...	886,705	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	1,180	...	...	1,460,200	...	...
Semi-detached house	110	...	...	289,975	...	...
Row house	110	...	...	460,425	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	370	...	...	176,080	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	565	...	...	522,810	...	...
Other single-attached house	15	...	...	10,910	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	0	...	...	14,890	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	6,130	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
1 person	1,790	...	...	1,341,300	...	...
2 persons	2,305	...	...	1,693,525	...	...
3 persons	920	...	...	834,260	...	...
4 persons	690	...	...	796,320	...	...
5 or more persons	420	...	...	503,775	...	...
Number of persons in private households	14,225	...	...	13,242,160	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	12,440	5,905	6,530	11,240,525	5,427,775	5,812,750
Married or living common law	6,890	3,445	3,450	6,438,085	3,219,290	3,218,795
Married	5,615	2,810	2,810	5,531,930	2,764,275	2,767,655
Living common law	1,275	635	640	906,155	455,015	451,145
Not married and not living common law	5,550	2,465	3,085	4,802,440	2,208,485	2,593,955
Never married	3,055	1,665	1,385	3,182,785	1,689,180	1,493,605
Separated	490	195	295	328,675	138,140	190,535
Divorced	940	410	530	653,835	252,900	400,935
Widowed	1,070	195	875	637,150	128,265	508,880
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	4,245	...	...	3,782,540	...	...
2 persons	2,400	...	...	1,815,000	...	...
3 persons	895	...	...	844,545	...	...
4 persons	640	...	...	792,435	...	...
5 or more persons	310	...	...	330,560	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	4,240	...	...	3,782,545	...	...
Total couple families	3,365	...	...	3,137,570	...	...
Married couples	2,730	...	...	2,684,735	...	...
Common-law couples	635	...	...	452,840	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	875	...	...	644,975	...	...
Female parent	700	...	...	518,480	...	...
Male parent	175	...	...	126,495	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	3,370	...	...	3,137,565	...	...
Couples without children	1,855	...	...	1,428,575	...	...
Couples with children	1,510	...	...	1,708,995	...	...
1 child	655	...	...	658,305	...	...
2 children	575	...	...	738,710	...	...
3 or more children	280	...	...	311,975	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	875	...	...	644,975	...	...
1 child	540	...	...	386,425	...	...
2 children	245	...	...	186,240	...	...
3 or more children	90	...	...	72,310	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,530	1,140	1,390	2,139,825	990,525	1,149,300
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	6,125	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
One-census-family households	4,045	...	...	3,481,885	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	1,785	...	...	1,311,575	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	2,260	...	...	2,170,315	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	95	...	...	145,615	...	...
Non-census-family households	1,985	...	...	1,541,665	...	...
One-person households	1,790	...	...	1,341,305	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	195	...	...	200,365	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	14,280	6,890	7,385	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990
English only	13,560	6,595	6,970	11,455,500	5,689,830	5,765,665
French only	15	10	5	40,040	17,340	22,705
English and French	625	255	365	1,490,390	665,850	824,540
Neither English nor French	75	30	40	326,935	130,850	196,085
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	14,275	6,895	7,385	13,312,865	6,503,880	6,808,995
English	13,960	6,755	7,200	12,394,325	6,095,970	6,298,355
French	220	95	125	504,130	236,875	267,250
English and French	30	15	15	92,940	42,910	50,030
Neither English nor French	70	25	45	321,480	128,125	193,355
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	230	100	135	550,600	258,330	292,270
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.6	1.5	1.8	4.1	4.0	4.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	14,275	6,890	7,385	13,312,870	6,503,875	6,808,990
Single responses	14,125	6,820	7,300	12,946,960	6,327,630	6,619,330
Official languages	12,775	6,190	6,580	9,393,040	4,637,520	4,755,520
English	12,560	6,095	6,465	8,902,320	4,406,210	4,496,110
French	215	95	120	490,715	231,310	259,410
Non-official languages	1,350	630	715	3,553,920	1,690,110	1,863,810
Aboriginal languages	10	5	10	22,765	10,815	11,950
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	21,235	10,175	11,060
Blackfoot	0	0	0	10	5	5
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	5,080	2,485	2,595
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Moose Cree	0	0	0	85	40	45
Naskapi	0	0	0	10	5	5
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	55	25	30
Plains Cree	0	0	0	35	5	30
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	355	135	225
Woods Cree	0	0	0	15	10	5
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,500	2,255	2,245
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	5	90	40	50
Malecite	0	0	0	10	5	0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	5	85	35	50
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	16,025	7,620	8,400
Algonquin	0	0	0	65	30	35
Ojibway	0	0	0	9,505	4,515	4,985
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	6,310	3,015	3,300
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	145	65	80
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	10
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	60	20	40
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	55	20	35
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	5	0	5
Chilcotin	0	0	0	5	0	5
Dene	0	0	0	20	10	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	10	0	5
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	5	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	475	165	305
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Inuktitut	0	0	0	425	145	280
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25
Iroquoian languages	5	0	5	710	300	410
Cayuga	0	0	0	40	20	20
Mohawk	5	5	5	590	255	335
Oneida	0	0	0	55	15	40
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	15
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	25	15	15
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Dakota	0	0	0	5	5	5
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Nisga'a	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	5	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	235	130	105
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,335	625	710	3,531,160	1,679,300	1,851,865
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	25	25	253,830	127,720	126,110
Berber languages	0	0	0	725	405	320
Kabyle	0	0	0	425	225	200
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	305	180	120
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	24,605	10,730	13,870
Bilen	0	0	0	250	140	110
Oromo	0	0	0	1,445	720	730
Somali	0	0	5	22,680	9,755	12,925
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	225	115	110
Semitic languages	45	25	20	227,985	116,320	111,665
Amharic	5	0	0	10,720	4,960	5,760
Arabic	25	15	15	171,370	88,400	82,965
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	14,555	7,135	7,420
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	4,795	2,365	2,425
Harari	0	0	0	1,030	485	545
Hebrew	0	0	0	11,575	6,220	5,350
Maltese	10	5	0	5,175	2,575	2,600
Tigrigna	5	0	0	7,345	3,470	3,870
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,435	705	730
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	520	265	250
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	10	78,125	35,880	42,240
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	7,355	3,330	4,020
Vietnamese	10	0	10	70,690	32,520	38,165
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	85	30	50
Austronesian languages	50	15	35	194,380	76,060	118,315
Bikol	0	0	0	595	260	330
Cebuano	5	0	5	6,545	2,500	4,045
Fijian	0	0	0	80	45	40
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	2,750	1,030	1,725
Ilocano	0	0	0	11,285	4,430	6,860
Malagasy	0	0	0	100	45	55
Malay	0	0	0	5,760	2,520	3,240
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	1,505	670	840
Pangasinan	0	0	0	535	215	315
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	10	30	163,415	63,665	99,755
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	405	140	270
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,400	550	850
Creole languages	40	20	20	11,255	5,095	6,165
Haitian Creole	0	5	0	630	290	340
Creole, n.o.s.	40	20	20	8,025	3,580	4,440
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,605	1,225	1,380
Dravidian languages	10	0	5	148,605	73,530	75,075
Kannada	0	0	0	2,670	1,365	1,305
Malayalam	5	0	5	17,140	8,795	8,350
Tamil	0	0	0	117,630	57,310	60,320
Telugu	0	0	0	10,820	5,895	4,925
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	340	165	175
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	525	250	270
Indo-European languages	945	450	490	2,024,365	980,200	1,044,165
Albanian	0	0	0	19,045	9,535	9,510
Armenian	0	0	0	15,070	7,305	7,765
Balto-Slavic languages	150	60	85	410,725	188,695	222,025
Baltic languages	10	5	10	9,080	3,785	5,295
Latvian	5	0	5	3,910	1,650	2,260
Lithuanian	5	0	5	5,175	2,135	3,035
Slavic languages	140	60	80	401,645	184,915	216,730
Belarusan	0	0	0	515	230	280
Bosnian	0	0	0	6,370	3,125	3,245
Bulgarian	0	0	0	9,095	4,355	4,740
Croatian	20	10	10	31,875	15,460	16,410
Czech	5	5	0	10,670	4,930	5,740
Macedonian	5	0	0	15,635	7,470	8,165
Polish	50	20	30	121,075	54,675	66,405
Russian	30	10	20	101,100	45,630	55,470
Serbian	10	5	5	41,740	20,585	21,150
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	4,875	2,310	2,570
Slovak	5	5	5	10,280	4,710	5,565
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	5	6,740	2,995	3,745
Ukrainian	15	5	10	40,375	17,760	22,610
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,310	670	635
Celtic languages	0	0	0	1,110	505	605
Scottish Gaelic	0	5	0	450	210	240
Welsh	0	0	0	435	180	260
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	225	120	110
Germanic languages	150	70	80	200,640	94,475	106,165
Afrikaans	0	0	0	2,295	1,125	1,170
Danish	5	0	0	4,265	2,010	2,250
Dutch	50	20	30	51,720	24,875	26,840
Frisian	0	0	0	1,240	630	620
German	95	45	50	131,525	61,520	70,005
Icelandic	0	0	0	210	100	110
Norwegian	0	0	0	940	405	540
Swedish	0	0	5	2,395	1,040	1,350
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	5	0	2,150	925	1,225
Yiddish	0	0	0	3,735	1,765	1,970
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	80	85
Greek	30	20	10	55,415	27,305	28,110
Indo-Iranian languages	75	35	35	707,845	357,350	350,495
Indo-Aryan languages	55	30	25	565,600	285,720	279,875
Bengali	5	0	5	46,810	23,615	23,195
Gujarati	15	10	10	76,675	38,740	37,940
Hindi	10	5	5	58,735	29,805	28,930
Kashmiri	0	0	0	345	170	175
Konkani	0	0	0	2,510	1,195	1,315
Marathi	0	0	0	5,490	2,805	2,685
Nepali	0	0	0	7,870	3,915	3,960
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	715	380	335
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	5	5	197,060	100,160	96,895
Sindhi	0	0	0	6,840	3,225	3,615
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	10,165	4,925	5,235
Urdu	15	5	5	152,385	76,795	75,595
Iranian languages	20	10	10	139,675	70,270	69,405
Kurdish	0	0	0	6,665	3,615	3,050
Pashto	5	0	5	10,950	5,630	5,315
Persian (Farsi)	10	5	5	122,070	61,025	61,040
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,565	1,350	1,215
Italic (Romance) languages	540	260	280	614,525	295,030	319,490
Catalan	0	0	0	285	150	135
Italian	275	130	140	231,040	112,440	118,600
Portuguese	20	10	5	150,000	72,280	77,715
Romanian	10	5	5	41,755	19,565	22,190
Spanish	235	110	125	191,025	90,390	100,630
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	420	200	215
Japanese	5	0	5	13,260	4,590	8,670
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	1,200	635	565
Georgian	0	0	0	1,200	635	565
Korean	30	15	15	69,775	32,035	37,740
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	405	180	220
Mongolian	0	0	0	405	180	225
Niger-Congo languages	20	5	15	35,760	16,705	19,050
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	9,695	4,510	5,190
Bamanankan	0	0	0	140	60	80
Edo	0	0	0	1,140	475	670
Ewe	0	0	0	560	270	295
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	365	180	185
Ga	0	0	0	600	275	325
Ganda	5	0	0	760	360	400
Igbo	0	0	0	2,090	1,080	1,010
Lingala	0	0	0	850	365	485
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	1,430	640	785
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,330	545	785
Shona	5	0	5	1,455	660	790
Swahili	5	0	0	5,525	2,540	2,985
Wolof	0	0	0	290	145	150
Yoruba	5	0	0	4,365	2,260	2,105
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5,155	2,345	2,810
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,610	810	800
Dinka	0	0	0	345	170	175
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,260	635	625
Sign languages	0	0	5	3,030	1,570	1,455
American Sign Language	0	0	0	1,305	640	670
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	20	10	15
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	1,700	925	780
Sino-Tibetan languages	130	65	65	611,795	284,865	326,935
Chinese languages	130	70	65	602,610	280,340	322,270
Cantonese	65	35	30	275,315	128,090	147,220
Hakka	0	0	0	6,985	3,140	3,840
Mandarin	45	25	20	283,735	132,275	151,460
Min Dong	0	0	0	855	405	450
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	13,545	6,240	7,300
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	6,300	2,825	3,470
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	5	10	15,645	7,235	8,410
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	240	120	120
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	9,185	4,520	4,660
Burmese	0	0	0	1,640	775	865
Karenic languages	0	0	0	1,730	865	860
Tibetan	0	0	0	5,115	2,530	2,585
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	700	345	350
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	5	8,485	3,535	4,945
Lao	5	5	5	5,190	2,480	2,710
Thai	0	0	0	3,270	1,045	2,220
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	25	10	15
Turkic languages	15	10	5	22,615	11,745	10,870
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	1,990	1,070	920
Turkish	15	10	5	18,415	9,610	8,810
Uyghur	0	0	0	515	255	260
Uzbek	0	0	0	1,055	515	545
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	640	295	345
Uralic languages	25	10	20	50,670	23,095	27,570
Estonian	0	0	0	4,205	1,810	2,400
Finnish	5	0	0	9,720	4,140	5,580
Hungarian	25	10	15	36,740	17,150	19,590
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,475	780	690
Multiple responses	155	70	85	365,910	176,250	189,660
English and French	35	20	20	54,045	25,165	28,880
English and non-official language	100	45	55	288,285	140,345	147,940
French and non-official language	15	5	10	12,565	5,735	6,830
English, French and non-official language	5	0	0	11,010	5,000	6,005
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	14,275	6,890	7,385	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990
Single responses	13,970	6,745	7,225	12,522,045	6,123,955	6,398,085
Official languages	13,450	6,520	6,930	10,605,725	5,214,425	5,391,300
English	13,405	6,505	6,900	10,328,680	5,084,885	5,243,800
French	50	15	35	277,045	129,540	147,500
Non-official languages	520	220	295	1,916,315	909,530	1,006,780
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	9,210	4,600	4,610
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	8,685	4,370	4,320
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	2,370	1,205	1,165
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Moose Cree	0	0	0	10	10	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	10	5	5
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	20	10	15
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	105	50	55
Woods Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,220	1,135	1,085
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	6,305	3,155	3,145
Algonquin	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	3,315	1,695	1,620
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	2,905	1,420	1,490
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	75	40	35
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	5	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	5	0	5
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Gwich'in	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	160	60	90
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Inuktitut	0	0	0	140	60	80
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages	5	0	0	210	90	120
Cayuga	0	0	0	5	5	5
Mohawk	0	0	0	185	80	100
Oneida	0	0	0	20	5	10
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	5	5	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Dakota	0	0	0	5	5	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	120	55	65
Non-Aboriginal languages	515	225	290	1,907,105	904,930	1,002,170
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	138,460	66,865	71,590
Berber languages	0	0	0	345	175	170
Kabyle	0	0	0	255	125	130
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	50	45
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	14,460	6,100	8,360
Bilen	0	0	0	170	80	85
Oromo	0	0	0	805	380	425
Somali	0	0	0	13,370	5,590	7,780
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	50	65
Semitic languages	10	5	5	123,410	60,475	62,940
Amharic	0	0	0	5,625	2,540	3,085
Arabic	10	0	5	94,195	46,505	47,695
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	9,515	4,595	4,920
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	2,915	1,410	1,500
Harari	0	0	0	555	250	305
Hebrew	0	0	0	4,850	2,505	2,345
Maltese	0	0	0	1,090	505	580
Tigrigna	0	0	0	3,920	1,805	2,115
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	755	360	395
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	245	115	125
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	5	50,245	23,105	27,140
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	3,770	1,650	2,120
Vietnamese	10	0	10	46,435	21,435	25,000
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	40	20	20
Austronesian languages	15	10	10	85,370	36,525	48,845
Bikol	0	0	0	90	35	55
Cebuano	5	0	0	2,325	1,020	1,315
Fijian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	910	385	530
Ilocano	0	0	0	4,100	1,780	2,320
Malagasy	0	0	0	35	15	20
Malay	0	0	0	1,810	860	945
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	445	200	250
Pangasinan	0	0	0	90	40	50
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	0	75,070	31,965	43,105
Waray-Waray	0	0	5	90	35	55
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	380	175	200
Creole languages	25	10	20	5,325	2,355	2,970
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	355	165	190
Creole, n.o.s.	25	10	15	3,995	1,735	2,255
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	975	455	520
Dravidian languages	5	0	0	96,250	46,575	49,680
Kannada	0	0	0	1,060	540	520
Malayalam	5	0	0	8,760	4,460	4,295
Tamil	0	0	5	80,600	38,460	42,140
Telugu	0	0	0	5,705	3,050	2,655
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	125	55	70
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	200	95	105
Indo-European languages	335	135	195	978,300	469,640	508,670
Albanian	0	0	0	9,190	4,580	4,605
Armenian	0	0	0	8,630	4,065	4,560
Balto-Slavic languages	45	25	20	192,945	90,585	102,365
Baltic languages	5	5	5	2,305	950	1,355
Latvian	0	0	0	860	350	515
Lithuanian	0	0	5	1,440	600	840
Slavic languages	35	20	20	190,645	89,635	101,005
Belarusan	0	0	0	175	80	90
Bosnian	0	0	0	3,220	1,595	1,620
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,830	2,350	2,480
Croatian	10	5	5	11,125	5,275	5,855
Czech	0	0	0	3,070	1,480	1,595
Macedonian	0	0	0	6,255	2,965	3,285
Polish	15	10	10	52,555	24,510	28,045
Russian	5	0	5	63,570	29,655	33,920
Serbian	5	5	0	23,175	11,335	11,840
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	1,925	920	1,010
Slovak	0	0	0	3,520	1,680	1,845
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	1,465	645	815
Ukrainian	0	0	0	15,415	6,995	8,420
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	355	160	190
Celtic languages	0	0	0	120	65	55
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	60	30	25
Welsh	0	0	0	30	10	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	35	20	15
Germanic languages	10	5	5	44,515	21,630	22,880
Afrikaans	0	0	0	755	365	390
Danish	0	0	0	280	135	150
Dutch	5	5	5	4,450	2,145	2,305
Frisian	0	0	0	90	45	45
German	10	0	10	37,255	18,140	19,120
Icelandic	0	0	0	45	20	30
Norwegian	0	0	0	70	30	40
Swedish	0	0	0	385	190	190
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	145	60	85
Yiddish	0	0	0	370	190	185
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	655	315	340
Greek	10	10	5	21,700	10,160	11,535
Indo-Iranian languages	40	20	20	435,835	215,755	220,080
Indo-Aryan languages	25	15	15	344,050	171,125	172,920
Bengali	5	0	5	29,590	14,595	14,995
Gujarati	10	5	0	45,445	22,410	23,035
Hindi	0	0	0	28,960	14,485	14,475
Kashmiri	0	0	0	65	30	35
Konkani	0	0	0	540	260	280
Marathi	0	0	0	2,420	1,230	1,190
Nepali	0	0	0	5,640	2,815	2,820
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	325	160	165
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	5	0	132,135	66,410	65,725
Sindhi	0	0	0	2,880	1,320	1,560
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	4,595	2,250	2,345
Urdu	5	0	5	91,450	45,160	46,295
Iranian languages	10	5	5	90,730	44,090	46,640
Kurdish	5	0	0	3,675	1,900	1,770
Pashto	5	5	5	6,750	3,360	3,395
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	80,305	38,830	41,475
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,050	540	515
Italic (Romance) languages	230	85	140	265,375	122,790	142,585
Catalan	0	0	0	135	60	75
Italian	85	30	60	72,960	31,195	41,770
Portuguese	5	0	0	67,415	32,065	35,355
Romanian	5	0	0	19,920	9,380	10,535
Spanish	135	55	80	104,820	50,035	54,785
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	50	60
Japanese	0	0	0	6,040	2,590	3,450
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	770	420	355
Georgian	0	0	0	775	420	355
Korean	15	10	10	48,540	22,685	25,855
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	225	115	110
Mongolian	0	0	0	230	120	110
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	0	12,120	5,400	6,725
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	4,415	1,915	2,495
Bamanankan	0	0	0	25	15	15
Edo	0	0	0	305	120	180
Ewe	0	0	0	135	60	80
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	110	55	55
Ga	0	0	0	175	80	100
Ganda	0	0	0	195	85	110
Igbo	0	0	0	540	265	275
Lingala	0	0	0	225	100	130
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	475	230	240
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	5	420	160	260
Shona	0	0	0	455	210	245
Swahili	5	0	0	2,085	925	1,160
Wolof	0	0	0	130	65	65
Yoruba	0	0	0	1,300	625	675
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,120	500	625
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	550	260	290
Dinka	0	0	0	120	60	65
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	425	195	225
Sign languages	5	5	5	4,425	2,485	1,940
American Sign Language	0	5	0	1,605	830	770
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	25	15	15
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	2,795	1,640	1,150
Sino-Tibetan languages	85	45	40	448,200	210,560	237,640
Chinese languages	85	40	40	441,615	207,305	234,310
Cantonese	40	20	20	198,745	91,545	107,200
Hakka	0	0	0	2,870	1,305	1,575
Mandarin	35	20	20	220,535	105,360	115,175
Min Dong	0	0	0	265	115	145
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	5,775	2,635	3,140
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	3,690	1,735	1,955
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	10	9,630	4,565	5,070
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	100	45	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	6,580	3,250	3,330
Burmese	0	0	0	1,010	480	530
Karenic languages	0	0	0	1,360	685	675
Tibetan	0	0	0	3,875	1,925	1,945
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	335	165	170
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	3,865	1,845	2,020
Lao	5	0	0	2,535	1,220	1,315
Thai	0	0	0	1,315	615	695
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	10	5	10
Turkic languages	0	0	5	12,435	6,200	6,230
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	770	385	380
Turkish	5	0	5	10,545	5,245	5,300
Uyghur	0	0	0	290	150	140
Uzbek	0	0	0	585	290	295
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	250	130	120
Uralic languages	0	0	0	15,330	6,990	8,340
Estonian	0	0	0	790	290	500
Finnish	0	0	0	1,835	780	1,050
Hungarian	0	0	5	12,700	5,915	6,790
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	465	245	225
Multiple responses	305	145	160	790,825	379,925	410,905
English and French	15	10	15	45,655	20,895	24,755
English and non-official language	265	125	140	719,595	347,730	371,865
French and non-official language	10	5	5	6,725	2,930	3,795
English, French and non-official language	10	5	5	18,855	8,365	10,490
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	14,275	6,890	7,385	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990
None	13,425	6,500	6,925	11,071,665	5,436,665	5,635,000
English	235	105	130	896,170	437,015	459,155
French	115	55	60	243,970	108,390	135,580
Non-official language	480	225	250	1,056,960	501,315	555,645
Aboriginal	35	15	20	14,315	6,580	7,735
Non-Aboriginal	445	215	230	1,042,645	494,735	547,910
English and French	5	0	5	8,150	3,755	4,395
English and non-official language	5	0	0	19,105	9,370	9,735
French and non-official language	15	5	10	16,435	7,165	9,270
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	415	205	215
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	12,045	5,760	6,280	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	11,585	5,545	6,035	10,556,935	5,115,460	5,441,475
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,634	34,157	25,029	33,539	39,889	28,676
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	11,590	5,545	6,040	10,559,805	5,115,825	5,443,975
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	26,738	31,090	23,721	30,641	35,753	26,585
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	9,895	4,880	5,015	9,391,800	4,650,130	4,741,675
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	25,882	31,344	21,062	32,871	39,831	27,012
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	9,250	4,180	5,065	7,632,575	3,402,810	4,229,770
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,171	7,952	8,288	4,206	2,034	5,463
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	7,635	3,915	3,715	7,790,680	3,998,335	3,792,350
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,250	32,026	23,392	33,946	39,490	29,413
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	12,140	5,775	6,365	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	11,680	5,560	6,115	10,556,925	5,114,340	5,442,580
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,114	42,935	31,823	47,915	56,780	39,585
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	11,690	5,560	6,125	10,559,935	5,114,725	5,445,210
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,175	36,793	27,981	39,318	45,443	33,564
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	10,010	4,850	5,160	9,391,645	4,649,230	4,742,415
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,066	41,799	28,743	47,890	57,511	38,459
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	9,100	4,080	5,025	7,632,220	3,402,745	4,229,475
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	9,056	8,864	9,211	7,346	6,763	7,815
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	7,700	3,890	3,805	7,790,680	3,995,700	3,794,985
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,724	41,253	30,072	47,369	55,263	39,057
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	12,140	5,775	6,365	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	3,595	1,975	1,615	3,737,385	2,082,480	1,654,900
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	44,750	48,945	40,717	55,121	60,345	49,713
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	53,556	58,687	47,279	68,628	76,536	58,676
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	80.1	84.4	74.7	88.9	92.1	84.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	63.4	67.7	58.0	72.9	76.0	68.7
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	19.9	15.6	25.3	11.1	7.9	15.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	12,045	5,760	6,280	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Without total income	460	210	245	481,500	227,390	254,115
With total income	11,590	5,550	6,035	10,556,940	5,115,460	5,441,475
Percentage with total income	96.2	96.4	96.1	95.6	95.7	95.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,590	660	925	1,615,790	711,105	904,685
$10,000 to $19,999	2,360	945	1,410	1,829,355	742,710	1,086,645
$20,000 to $29,999	2,100	855	1,245	1,410,760	589,975	820,785
$30,000 to $39,999	1,645	780	870	1,147,510	519,550	627,955
$40,000 to $49,999	1,250	625	630	1,021,880	489,595	532,285
$50,000 to $59,999	845	490	355	809,115	415,950	393,165
$60,000 to $69,999	560	370	195	630,635	348,525	282,110
$70,000 to $79,999	365	230	140	479,890	277,725	202,165
$80,000 to $89,999	250	170	80	378,185	222,095	156,095
$90,000 to $99,999	210	135	75	324,810	181,815	142,995
$100,000 and over	410	290	115	909,005	616,420	292,585
$100,000 to $149,999	300	220	85	600,995	394,410	206,590
$150,000 and over	115	80	35	308,010	222,010	86,000
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	12,045	5,760	6,285	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Without after-tax income	455	215	245	478,635	227,025	251,610
With after-tax income	11,590	5,550	6,040	10,559,805	5,115,825	5,443,980
Percentage with after-tax income	96.2	96.4	96.1	95.7	95.8	95.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,630	670	955	1,659,280	722,040	937,235
$10,000 to $19,999	2,475	990	1,490	1,906,875	777,330	1,129,540
$20,000 to $29,999	2,405	995	1,410	1,623,230	690,290	932,940
$30,000 to $39,999	1,860	920	940	1,377,100	642,645	734,450
$40,000 to $49,999	1,270	695	575	1,166,040	585,490	580,555
$50,000 to $59,999	760	480	280	845,305	464,610	380,700
$60,000 to $69,999	455	305	150	604,005	354,015	249,985
$70,000 to $79,999	305	200	105	465,485	268,140	197,345
$80,000 and over	430	295	135	912,490	611,260	301,230
$80,000 to $89,999	160	105	55	299,315	183,410	115,905
$90,000 to $99,999	85	65	25	174,110	116,330	57,785
$100,000 and over	180	130	55	439,070	311,525	127,540
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	12,045	5,765	6,285	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Without employment income	4,415	1,845	2,565	3,247,760	1,344,515	1,903,245
With employment income	7,630	3,915	3,715	7,790,680	3,998,335	3,792,350
Percentage with employment income	63.3	67.9	59.1	70.6	74.8	66.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,205	615	585	1,094,860	546,920	547,940
$5,000 to $9,999	665	265	400	635,305	281,135	354,165
$10,000 to $19,999	1,170	500	665	1,027,910	464,445	563,465
$20,000 to $29,999	1,055	465	590	827,805	372,185	455,625
$30,000 to $39,999	950	465	485	767,840	351,925	415,910
$40,000 to $49,999	730	365	370	709,775	341,320	368,450
$50,000 to $59,999	555	330	225	588,220	310,155	278,065
$60,000 to $69,999	375	260	110	465,670	263,430	202,240
$70,000 to $79,999	250	175	75	369,085	218,570	150,515
$80,000 and over	680	475	205	1,304,210	848,245	455,970
$80,000 to $89,999	195	135	60	307,660	182,660	125,005
$90,000 to $99,999	190	125	70	280,530	156,440	124,090
$100,000 and over	300	220	80	716,015	509,140	206,875
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	6,125	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	55,788	...	...	74,287	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	51,278	...	...	65,285	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	1,795	...	...	1,341,300	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	29,338	...	...	36,900	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	27,179	...	...	33,219	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	4,335	...	...	3,827,875	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	70,930	...	...	90,967	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	63,697	...	...	79,528	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	6,170	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	70,257	...	...	97,856	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	60,947	...	...	80,322	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,805	...	...	1,341,115	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	37,137	...	...	49,571	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,083	...	...	40,830	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	4,370	...	...	3,828,060	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	83,912	...	...	114,773	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	73,259	...	...	94,157	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	6,125	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Under $5,000	80	...	...	86,720	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	110	...	...	70,245	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	225	...	...	134,395	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	300	...	...	185,245	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	330	...	...	200,770	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	325	...	...	189,450	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	340	...	...	202,580	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	355	...	...	207,180	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	340	...	...	206,605	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	325	...	...	202,015	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	565	...	...	388,820	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	465	...	...	363,580	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	460	...	...	335,770	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	380	...	...	309,105	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	290	...	...	282,740	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,250	...	...	1,803,955	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	525	...	...	560,090	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	325	...	...	394,570	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	260	...	...	449,885	...	...
$200,000 and over	140	...	...	399,410	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	6,125	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Under $5,000	85	...	...	92,220	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	115	...	...	71,480	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	225	...	...	136,550	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	310	...	...	192,920	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	375	...	...	222,605	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	360	...	...	211,440	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	395	...	...	232,755	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	375	...	...	244,335	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	395	...	...	247,645	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	325	...	...	241,965	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	660	...	...	463,170	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	555	...	...	422,695	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	445	...	...	388,720	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	365	...	...	342,330	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	270	...	...	290,720	...	...
$100,000 and over	865	...	...	1,367,630	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	455	...	...	539,915	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	195	...	...	334,420	...	...
$150,000 and over	215	...	...	493,295	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	4,195	...	...	3,689,580	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	70,991	...	...	91,089	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	63,829	...	...	79,531	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	1,735	...	...	1,280,890	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	66,458	...	...	81,459	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	59,264	...	...	71,237	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	1,535	...	...	1,716,115	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	92,459	...	...	115,381	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	82,412	...	...	99,205	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	810	...	...	584,180	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,312	...	...	54,363	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	43,162	...	...	50,317	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	4,215	...	...	3,689,080	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	83,884	...	...	115,328	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	73,217	...	...	94,410	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	1,730	...	...	1,280,580	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	79,093	...	...	104,425	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	67,930	...	...	84,952	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	1,550	...	...	1,717,295	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	104,151	...	...	140,590	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	90,789	...	...	114,144	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	820	...	...	581,945	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	57,192	...	...	67,748	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,134	...	...	58,742	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	2,220	1,025	1,195	1,818,815	867,175	951,640
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	27,840	29,184	26,928	32,097	33,925	30,753
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	26,158	26,624	25,304	29,417	30,678	28,442
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	2,230	985	1,245	1,814,575	864,020	950,555
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	35,807	38,170	33,936	44,298	46,765	42,057
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	30,215	32,810	28,160	36,874	38,228	35,644
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	14,225	6,860	7,360	13,242,160	6,472,205	6,769,955
In the bottom half of the distribution	8,760	4,120	4,640	6,335,170	3,016,275	3,318,895
In the bottom decile	1,730	825	905	1,346,645	651,310	695,335
In the second decile	1,935	865	1,065	1,280,675	581,380	699,290
In the third decile	1,815	855	960	1,237,415	583,840	653,575
In the fourth decile	1,695	810	885	1,223,510	589,740	633,770
In the fifth decile	1,590	770	820	1,246,925	610,000	636,930
In the top half of the distribution	5,465	2,740	2,725	6,906,990	3,455,930	3,451,060
In the sixth decile	1,465	715	750	1,279,095	629,635	649,465
In the seventh decile	1,225	615	610	1,321,220	655,840	665,375
In the eighth decile	1,200	605	595	1,382,795	691,630	691,165
In the ninth decile	995	510	490	1,464,415	736,030	728,385
In the top decile	570	290	280	1,459,465	742,795	716,670
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	14,225	6,860	7,360	13,184,055	6,442,930	6,741,130
0 to 17 years	2,635	1,350	1,290	2,656,535	1,361,905	1,294,630
0 to 5 years	760	375	385	835,000	428,025	406,975
18 to 64 years	8,550	4,130	4,415	8,418,960	4,110,615	4,308,345
65 years and over	3,040	1,385	1,660	2,108,560	970,405	1,138,155
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,695	1,230	1,465	1,898,975	886,530	1,012,445
0 to 17 years	745	400	350	489,905	251,830	238,080
0 to 5 years	245	135	110	165,140	84,825	80,310
18 to 64 years	1,560	690	875	1,155,315	538,535	616,780
65 years and over	385	145	245	253,755	96,170	157,585
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	18.9	17.9	19.9	14.4	13.8	15.0
0 to 17 years (%)	28.3	29.6	27.1	18.4	18.5	18.4
0 to 5 years (%)	32.2	36.0	28.6	19.8	19.8	19.7
18 to 64 years (%)	18.2	16.7	19.8	13.7	13.1	14.3
65 years and over (%)	12.7	10.5	14.8	12.0	9.9	13.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,080	525	555	1,298,590	627,935	670,650
0 to 17 years	265	145	120	304,390	156,575	147,815
0 to 5 years	75	45	35	102,750	52,810	49,935
18 to 64 years	740	350	385	887,640	430,545	457,095
65 years and over	75	25	45	106,555	40,815	65,740
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.6	7.7	7.5	9.8	9.7	9.9
0 to 17 years (%)	10.1	10.7	9.3	11.5	11.5	11.4
0 to 5 years (%)	9.9	12.0	9.1	12.3	12.3	12.3
18 to 64 years (%)	8.7	8.5	8.7	10.5	10.5	10.6
65 years and over (%)	2.5	1.8	2.7	5.1	4.2	5.8
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	14,320	6,885	7,430	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,925
Official languages	14,260	6,865	7,395	12,918,075	6,342,930	6,575,145
English	14,250	6,860	7,390	12,879,045	6,326,225	6,552,825
French	685	280	400	1,521,020	677,505	843,510
Non-official languages	1,920	915	1,005	4,431,270	2,115,510	2,315,760
Aboriginal languages	65	20	40	33,855	15,815	18,035
Algonquian languages	20	10	10	30,630	14,505	16,125
Blackfoot	0	0	0	15	15	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	6,560	3,160	3,395
Atikamekw	0	0	0	10	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Moose Cree	0	0	0	145	70	75
Naskapi	0	0	0	25	10	10
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	65	25	45
Plains Cree	0	0	0	105	50	50
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	605	255	350
Woods Cree	0	0	0	45	25	25
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5,620	2,760	2,865
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	180	95	85
Malecite	0	0	0	20	20	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	160	75	85
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	10	10	23,980	11,285	12,690
Algonquin	0	0	0	205	95	105
Ojibway	15	10	10	16,220	7,600	8,630
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	7,515	3,585	3,935
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	200	105	100
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	40	50
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	85	25	65
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	80	25	55
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	10	0	10
Chilcotin	0	0	0	10	0	10
Dene	0	0	0	45	20	30
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	840	320	525
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuktitut	0	0	0	730	285	445
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	35	70
Iroquoian languages	45	10	35	1,940	810	1,125
Cayuga	25	0	15	120	35	85
Mohawk	20	0	20	1,625	710	915
Oneida	0	0	0	180	55	125
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	50	25	25
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	180	65	110
Salish languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Siouan languages	0	0	0	40	10	30
Dakota	0	0	0	20	10	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	0	15
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	10
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	0	0	210	100	110
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,855	890	965	4,397,690	2,099,820	2,297,865
Afro-Asiatic languages	105	50	55	362,645	183,050	179,595
Berber languages	0	0	0	925	505	415
Kabyle	0	0	0	530	280	255
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	390	225	165
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	34,160	15,155	19,000
Bilen	0	0	0	355	200	160
Oromo	0	0	0	2,075	905	1,175
Somali	0	0	0	31,535	13,925	17,610
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	370	170	205
Semitic languages	100	50	55	330,315	168,750	161,570
Amharic	0	0	0	16,010	7,565	8,445
Arabic	90	40	45	246,015	127,015	119,000
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	17,825	8,775	9,050
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	6,185	3,045	3,140
Harari	0	0	0	1,310	660	645
Hebrew	10	0	0	43,255	22,165	21,090
Maltese	10	0	0	7,020	3,455	3,570
Tigrigna	0	0	0	9,385	4,320	5,065
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,985	1,010	975
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	1,125	535	590
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0	10	99,830	46,210	53,620
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	10,045	4,490	5,550
Vietnamese	10	0	0	90,265	41,965	48,300
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	10	50
Austronesian languages	75	20	55	249,435	98,295	151,150
Bikol	10	10	0	755	340	425
Cebuano	0	0	0	9,475	3,650	5,830
Fijian	0	0	0	110	40	65
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	3,110	1,205	1,910
Ilocano	10	0	0	15,235	5,940	9,295
Malagasy	0	0	0	215	115	100
Malay	0	0	0	9,780	4,500	5,280
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	1,935	855	1,080
Pangasinan	0	0	0	565	245	320
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	75	25	55	232,935	91,110	141,820
Waray-Waray	10	0	10	410	125	285
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,785	755	1,030
Creole languages	70	25	45	30,260	13,525	16,735
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	1,430	605	830
Creole, n.o.s.	70	30	45	19,375	8,480	10,895
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	9,685	4,525	5,155
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	196,315	97,975	98,335
Kannada	0	0	0	5,775	2,930	2,845
Malayalam	0	0	0	22,880	11,535	11,345
Tamil	0	0	0	157,700	77,975	79,730
Telugu	0	0	0	16,315	8,925	7,390
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	495	250	240
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	545	265	280
Indo-European languages	1,330	685	645	2,608,060	1,265,535	1,342,525
Albanian	0	0	0	22,375	11,180	11,195
Armenian	0	0	0	18,435	8,860	9,575
Balto-Slavic languages	170	75	95	473,565	221,450	252,120
Baltic languages	0	0	0	10,545	4,495	6,050
Latvian	0	0	0	4,675	2,070	2,610
Lithuanian	0	0	0	5,875	2,430	3,445
Slavic languages	170	75	95	465,170	217,885	247,285
Belarusan	0	0	0	1,360	680	680
Bosnian	0	0	0	9,915	4,905	5,010
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10,410	5,060	5,350
Croatian	15	10	10	46,580	22,880	23,700
Czech	0	10	0	14,045	6,615	7,430
Macedonian	10	10	0	21,505	10,365	11,140
Polish	95	35	55	142,985	65,415	77,575
Russian	45	20	25	138,735	64,355	74,380
Serbian	10	10	10	53,250	26,725	26,525
Serbo-Croatian	10	10	0	5,815	2,845	2,965
Slovak	0	0	0	12,035	5,550	6,490
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	0	7,935	3,550	4,390
Ukrainian	30	10	15	54,615	24,125	30,490
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,750	935	815
Celtic languages	0	0	0	3,800	1,880	1,920
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	1,480	720	765
Welsh	0	0	0	685	300	390
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,650	870	785
Germanic languages	195	115	80	274,305	130,610	143,700
Afrikaans	0	0	0	7,360	3,625	3,735
Danish	15	10	0	5,440	2,455	2,980
Dutch	35	20	20	63,410	29,875	33,535
Frisian	0	0	0	1,655	820	835
German	145	80	60	189,035	90,730	98,305
Icelandic	0	0	0	285	130	155
Norwegian	0	0	0	2,140	975	1,165
Swedish	0	0	0	5,125	2,345	2,785
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	2,275	1,050	1,225
Yiddish	0	0	0	7,175	3,535	3,640
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	3,290	1,645	1,645
Greek	20	10	15	80,690	40,105	40,590
Indo-Iranian languages	185	100	85	915,765	463,175	452,585
Indo-Aryan languages	115	75	50	759,390	384,940	374,450
Bengali	0	0	0	59,685	30,420	29,265
Gujarati	35	20	15	103,890	52,380	51,510
Hindi	35	20	15	250,095	127,765	122,335
Kashmiri	0	0	0	600	300	300
Konkani	0	0	0	5,490	2,515	2,975
Marathi	0	0	0	10,360	5,380	4,980
Nepali	0	0	0	10,245	5,115	5,135
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	1,090	515	570
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35	15	10	282,065	145,050	137,015
Sindhi	0	0	0	11,515	5,385	6,130
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	18,555	9,230	9,330
Urdu	55	30	25	231,500	117,305	114,190
Iranian languages	70	30	35	163,490	81,710	81,785
Kurdish	10	10	0	8,795	4,755	4,040
Pashto	0	0	0	15,315	8,145	7,170
Persian (Farsi)	60	20	35	145,465	72,275	73,190
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	4,665	2,495	2,175
Italic (Romance) languages	775	385	385	880,330	418,225	462,105
Catalan	0	0	0	515	275	240
Italian	410	210	205	333,645	161,190	172,455
Portuguese	10	0	0	193,520	93,885	99,635
Romanian	35	15	15	49,635	23,205	26,430
Spanish	325	160	170	337,615	156,040	181,580
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,355	745	605
Japanese	0	0	10	25,675	11,535	14,140
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	1,555	775	780
Georgian	0	0	0	1,555	770	785
Korean	40	15	20	79,175	36,930	42,245
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	515	225	285
Mongolian	0	0	0	515	225	285
Niger-Congo languages	40	10	30	70,570	33,620	36,945
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	15,950	7,520	8,435
Bamanankan	0	0	0	385	195	185
Edo	0	0	0	2,130	930	1,195
Ewe	0	0	0	880	435	445
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	700	320	375
Ga	0	0	0	1,340	645	695
Ganda	0	0	0	1,225	550	675
Igbo	0	0	0	4,025	2,105	1,920
Lingala	10	10	10	4,885	2,165	2,720
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	2,555	1,080	1,475
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	2,220	885	1,330
Shona	0	0	0	2,350	1,055	1,300
Swahili	15	0	10	16,750	8,110	8,640
Wolof	0	0	0	730	355	375
Yoruba	10	10	0	10,495	5,345	5,150
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	11,210	5,255	5,950
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	2,025	1,020	1,010
Dinka	0	0	0	415	220	200
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,615	805	810
Sign languages	30	10	15	18,865	7,645	11,220
American Sign Language	0	0	10	10,220	3,695	6,525
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	235	60	180
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	8,690	4,005	4,680
Sino-Tibetan languages	125	65	65	689,145	324,575	364,565
Chinese languages	130	60	65	679,170	319,635	359,530
Cantonese	80	45	35	341,875	159,280	182,600
Hakka	0	0	0	7,865	3,445	4,420
Mandarin	35	20	15	385,395	179,890	205,510
Min Dong	0	0	0	810	330	480
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	0	16,980	7,650	9,330
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	0	8,305	3,860	4,440
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	0	15	16,455	7,710	8,745
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	185	95	90
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	10,460	5,200	5,260
Burmese	0	0	0	2,215	1,055	1,165
Karenic languages	0	0	0	1,820	905	920
Tibetan	0	0	0	5,695	2,845	2,850
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,245	645	605
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	0	11,120	4,945	6,180
Lao	0	0	10	6,740	3,215	3,520
Thai	0	0	0	5,195	2,065	3,135
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	20
Turkic languages	0	0	0	33,335	17,310	16,025
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	3,260	1,710	1,550
Turkish	0	0	0	27,850	14,510	13,340
Uyghur	0	0	0	700	350	345
Uzbek	0	0	0	1,405	700	705
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	915	450	465
Uralic languages	45	20	30	58,370	27,060	31,310
Estonian	0	0	0	4,785	2,155	2,625
Finnish	0	0	0	11,145	4,865	6,280
Hungarian	45	20	30	42,545	20,070	22,480
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	3,675	1,950	1,725
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	14,320	6,885	7,435	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	13,325	6,495	6,830	12,223,065	5,987,360	6,235,705
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,510	1,305	1,210	2,546,075	1,305,820	1,240,255
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	10,815	5,185	5,625	9,676,990	4,681,540	4,995,445
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	990	390	600	1,019,095	484,880	534,215
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	14,320	6,885	7,430	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	11,545	5,625	5,920	9,188,815	4,555,270	4,633,545
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	2,620	1,195	1,425	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,480
Before 1981	1,420	580	840	1,077,745	507,500	570,240
1981 to 1990	280	160	120	513,995	246,235	267,755
1991 to 2000	405	205	200	834,510	390,315	444,195
2001 to 2010	345	155	185	953,730	446,895	506,835
2001 to 2005	195	80	110	490,560	230,950	259,610
2006 to 2010	155	75	75	463,170	215,945	247,225
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	180	95	90	472,170	223,715	248,450
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	145	70	80	201,200	102,305	98,895
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	2,625	1,195	1,430	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,485
Under 5 years	385	180	205	369,955	184,255	185,705
5 to 14 years	535	260	270	685,085	345,865	339,225
15 to 24 years	645	285	360	855,475	381,025	474,450
25 to 44 years	825	345	475	1,579,500	741,340	838,160
45 years and over	230	120	110	362,130	162,180	199,945
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	2,625	1,195	1,430	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,480
Americas	1,055	410	645	598,950	265,930	333,025
Brazil	0	0	0	14,705	6,700	8,010
Colombia	35	15	20	28,815	13,085	15,730
El Salvador	90	40	45	20,920	10,165	10,750
Guyana	20	15	10	79,745	35,325	44,420
Haiti	25	10	15	10,195	4,410	5,785
Jamaica	10	10	10	119,840	51,320	68,525
Mexico	20	15	10	30,075	13,895	16,185
Peru	0	0	0	10,550	4,660	5,895
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	52,810	23,515	29,300
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	755	270	490	109,005	47,170	61,830
Other places of birth in Americas	90	40	50	122,280	55,685	66,600
Europe	1,075	525	545	1,144,295	546,250	598,050
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0	21,300	10,655	10,645
Croatia	10	0	10	27,330	13,495	13,835
France	0	0	0	13,385	6,310	7,070
Germany	105	40	60	63,460	29,685	33,775
Greece	10	0	0	36,575	18,225	18,350
Hungary	35	15	20	22,085	10,495	11,590
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	20	10	10	15,275	7,415	7,860
Italy	225	105	125	157,815	78,510	79,305
Netherlands	40	15	25	47,400	23,910	23,490
Poland	55	30	30	96,000	43,155	52,845
Portugal	10	0	0	103,025	50,240	52,785
Romania	35	20	15	42,720	19,720	23,000
Russian Federation	10	0	10	42,980	18,540	24,440
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	23,695	11,610	12,085
Ukraine	15	0	0	39,945	18,150	21,795
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	440	230	210	264,125	125,730	138,390
Other places of birth in Europe	65	35	30	127,190	60,395	66,790
Africa	70	45	25	226,770	109,585	117,185
Algeria	0	0	0	2,925	1,480	1,450
Egypt	10	0	10	34,510	18,000	16,510
Ethiopia	0	0	0	15,570	7,230	8,340
Kenya	20	15	10	14,940	6,910	8,025
Morocco	0	0	0	5,485	2,690	2,795
Nigeria	15	10	0	20,630	10,285	10,345
Somalia	0	0	0	16,970	6,845	10,125
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	19,390	9,545	9,840
Other places of birth in Africa	30	10	15	96,355	46,610	49,745
Asia	405	190	215	1,869,805	886,570	983,240
Afghanistan	0	0	0	33,145	16,490	16,655
Bangladesh	0	0	0	39,410	19,970	19,440
China^{Census data footnote 59}	55	30	20	317,225	143,705	173,515
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	50	25	25	108,030	50,945	57,090
India	60	35	25	360,540	179,950	180,590
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	15	10	0	86,810	43,445	43,360
Iraq	10	0	0	50,390	25,280	25,115
Japan	0	0	0	8,145	2,550	5,585
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	30	15	15	57,085	26,660	30,425
Lebanon	10	0	0	34,545	18,145	16,405
Pakistan	15	10	15	142,265	71,925	70,345
Philippines	85	20	60	231,760	93,730	138,030
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	109,855	53,640	56,215
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	22,680	11,405	11,270
Taiwan	0	0	0	17,840	7,775	10,065
Viet Nam	0	0	0	80,525	36,545	43,985
Other places of birth in Asia	60	30	35	169,555	84,400	85,160
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	15	20	0	12,330	6,330	5,990
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	185	90	95	472,170	223,720	248,450
Americas	105	45	60	60,700	29,005	31,700
Brazil	0	0	0	3,180	1,505	1,675
Colombia	20	10	15	4,520	2,005	2,520
Cuba	0	0	0	1,950	910	1,045
Haiti	0	0	0	2,575	1,140	1,435
Jamaica	0	0	0	8,935	4,840	4,090
Mexico	25	20	10	5,670	2,745	2,925
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	20	10	10	14,635	7,225	7,405
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	2,460	1,120	1,340
Other places of birth in Americas	35	10	20	16,775	7,510	9,265
Europe	0	0	0	45,295	22,250	23,045
France	0	0	0	2,010	1,025	985
Germany	0	0	0	1,695	885	805
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	1,900	1,185	715
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	880	400	480
Romania	0	0	0	2,425	995	1,430
Russian Federation	0	0	0	4,905	1,790	3,115
Ukraine	0	0	0	4,455	2,005	2,445
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	7,780	4,515	3,265
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	19,245	9,450	9,795
Africa	30	30	10	39,380	19,045	20,330
Algeria	0	0	0	415	180	240
Cameroon	0	0	0	1,390	640	750
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	10	0	1,835	845	990
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	605	245	360
Egypt	0	0	0	8,220	4,290	3,935
Eritrea	0	0	0	2,055	1,010	1,045
Ethiopia	0	0	0	2,505	1,115	1,385
Morocco	0	0	0	655	275	375
Nigeria	10	10	0	5,910	2,895	3,015
Somalia	0	0	0	2,065	965	1,100
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	1,410	715	695
Tunisia	0	0	0	310	155	150
Other places of birth in Africa	20	15	10	12,010	5,715	6,295
Asia	50	20	30	324,820	152,205	172,615
Afghanistan	0	0	0	5,785	2,845	2,945
Bangladesh	0	0	0	8,180	4,055	4,125
China^{Census data footnote 59}	10	10	10	58,840	26,025	32,815
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	1,985	800	1,190
India	15	10	10	69,325	35,060	34,265
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	21,225	10,300	10,930
Iraq	0	0	0	14,645	7,315	7,330
Israel	0	0	0	2,050	1,085	970
Japan	0	0	0	1,385	370	1,015
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	15	10	10	6,320	2,855	3,470
Lebanon	0	0	0	3,230	1,685	1,545
Nepal	0	0	0	3,395	1,725	1,665
Pakistan	0	0	0	25,435	12,425	13,015
Philippines	15	0	15	53,190	21,740	31,450
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	3,140	1,615	1,530
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	8,185	3,580	4,605
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	12,710	6,590	6,120
Taiwan	0	0	0	1,015	435	580
Turkey	0	0	0	2,590	1,440	1,145
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	4,290	2,230	2,055
Viet Nam	0	0	0	3,885	1,520	2,365
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	13,995	6,505	7,485
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	1,980	1,215	765
Australia	0	0	0	1,535	965	565
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	445	250	200
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	14,315	6,885	7,430	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	2,900	1,325	1,575	4,122,840	1,953,095	2,169,740
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	3,100	1,480	1,615	3,049,835	1,525,300	1,524,540
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	8,320	4,075	4,240	6,069,485	2,993,845	3,075,640
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	1,245	615	620	2,825,480	1,331,730	1,493,750
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	360	210	145	1,364,380	677,695	686,685
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	155	115	35	540,795	338,460	202,335
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	205	95	110	823,580	339,240	484,350
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	525	210	315	940,405	382,890	557,520
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	345	200	145	482,665	253,750	228,910
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	15	0	15	38,035	17,400	20,640
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	14,315	6,885	7,430	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	720	320	400	374,395	179,970	194,420
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	705	315	390	361,125	173,685	187,445
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	520	235	285	236,680	112,840	123,845
Métis	185	80	105	120,585	59,015	61,570
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	3,860	1,835	2,030
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	10	0	10	5,730	2,680	3,045
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	10	0	0	7,540	3,615	3,930
Non-Aboriginal identity	13,595	6,565	7,025	12,867,765	6,292,265	6,575,500
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	14,315	6,890	7,430	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,925
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	380	165	210	170,895	81,560	89,335
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	13,940	6,725	7,215	13,071,265	6,390,680	6,680,585
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	14,315	6,885	7,430	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	265	110	155	112,875	54,840	58,035
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	265	110	155	111,575	54,180	57,395
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	225	85	140	97,430	47,130	50,305
Métis single ancestry	35	20	15	12,925	6,490	6,435
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	1,220	565	655
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	0	1,295	665	640
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	1,055	545	510
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	145	70	75
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	65	25	40
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	30	20	10
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	730	380	350	405,425	192,320	213,100
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	715	370	345	395,205	187,695	207,510
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	550	290	260	276,920	130,810	146,110
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	160	80	80	113,785	54,830	58,955
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	4,500	2,050	2,450
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	20	15	10	10,215	4,620	5,590
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	10	10	9,305	4,205	5,100
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	595	290	305
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	300	125	170
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	15	0	10
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	13,325	6,400	6,925	12,723,865	6,225,080	6,498,785
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	14,315	6,885	7,430	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	1,155	580	575	3,885,585	1,878,075	2,007,505
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	120	75	50	1,150,415	582,010	568,400
Chinese	150	80	75	754,550	359,230	395,315
Black	285	160	120	627,715	296,270	331,445
Filipino	90	20	65	311,675	132,440	179,230
Latin American	260	125	135	195,950	93,645	102,310
Arab	95	50	45	210,435	109,585	100,850
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	25	0	20	133,855	63,255	70,605
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	50	20	30	154,670	77,385	77,280
Korean	55	35	25	88,935	42,445	46,495
Japanese	0	0	0	30,830	13,595	17,235
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	15	10	10	97,970	46,105	51,860
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	10	10	10	128,585	62,105	66,485
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	13,160	6,310	6,855	9,356,575	4,594,165	4,762,410
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	14,320	6,885	7,430	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
North American Aboriginal origins	995	485	505	518,300	247,160	271,135
First Nations (North American Indian)	800	390	405	385,505	183,075	202,430
Inuit	0	0	0	6,870	3,150	3,720
Métis	215	115	105	137,485	66,245	71,235
Other North American origins	4,640	2,190	2,450	3,220,595	1,585,255	1,635,340
Acadian	10	0	0	16,580	8,135	8,450
American	475	195	280	140,165	67,480	72,690
Canadian	4,265	2,060	2,205	3,109,770	1,531,645	1,578,125
New Brunswicker	10	0	10	320	190	125
Newfoundlander	10	0	10	10,850	5,520	5,325
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	1,485	685	800
Ontarian	0	0	0	2,165	1,085	1,075
Québécois	10	0	10	5,390	2,730	2,665
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	675	375	300
European origins	11,025	5,280	5,745	8,151,470	3,978,900	4,172,570
British Isles origins	7,360	3,455	3,910	4,900,430	2,380,595	2,519,835
Channel Islander	0	0	0	1,120	530	590
Cornish	0	0	0	755	370	385
English	4,475	2,070	2,405	2,808,805	1,357,650	1,451,160
Irish	2,860	1,335	1,530	2,095,460	991,625	1,103,835
Manx	10	0	10	2,450	1,320	1,130
Scottish	2,820	1,345	1,475	2,107,295	1,016,260	1,091,030
Welsh	300	135	165	198,475	94,555	103,920
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	335	140	200	323,185	152,525	170,660
French origins	1,815	890	920	1,350,520	643,360	707,160
Alsatian	0	0	0	1,235	495	740
Breton	0	0	0	290	175	120
Corsican	0	0	0	205	125	85
French	1,815	890	925	1,349,255	642,790	706,470
Western European origins (except French origins)	3,420	1,585	1,835	1,766,975	864,010	902,970
Austrian	65	45	10	72,475	35,415	37,065
Bavarian	0	0	0	450	225	230
Belgian	75	20	55	57,890	28,460	29,430
Dutch	865	400	470	527,750	259,585	268,165
Flemish	0	0	0	4,005	2,005	1,995
Frisian	0	0	0	2,705	1,400	1,305
German	2,665	1,235	1,435	1,189,670	579,315	610,355
Luxembourger	0	0	0	915	500	415
Swiss	60	20	35	59,835	29,395	30,440
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	1,095	560	530
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	290	120	165	266,085	127,885	138,195
Danish	35	20	15	53,555	26,355	27,195
Finnish	75	30	45	76,755	36,955	39,800
Icelandic	15	0	0	13,215	6,325	6,895
Norwegian	70	30	35	59,335	28,350	30,980
Swedish	105	40	60	71,035	32,705	38,325
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	0	0	0	12,540	6,400	6,140
Eastern European origins	1,770	825	945	1,339,610	644,610	695,000
Bulgarian	10	0	10	16,750	8,230	8,525
Byelorussian	10	0	0	11,690	5,645	6,045
Czech	25	25	0	42,340	20,815	21,530
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	30	10	20	14,810	6,820	7,990
Estonian	0	0	0	15,075	7,255	7,825
Hungarian	405	165	240	163,500	79,850	83,655
Latvian	0	0	0	18,095	8,615	9,480
Lithuanian	25	20	10	35,100	16,965	18,135
Moldovan	0	0	0	3,905	1,910	1,995
Polish	800	375	425	523,490	251,575	271,910
Romanian	95	50	45	98,235	46,825	51,410
Russian	115	60	60	220,850	103,650	117,200
Slovak	50	35	20	40,535	19,645	20,885
Ukrainian	410	170	245	376,440	181,725	194,715
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	10,330	4,940	5,390
Southern European origins	2,150	1,085	1,070	1,772,160	880,335	891,830
Albanian	10	0	10	25,980	13,085	12,895
Bosnian	0	10	0	14,680	7,255	7,425
Catalan	0	0	0	285	180	110
Croatian	35	30	10	82,220	41,350	40,875
Cypriot	0	0	0	4,400	2,170	2,230
Greek	85	60	30	148,555	74,830	73,720
Italian	1,630	825	805	931,805	467,100	464,705
Kosovar	0	0	0	1,305	655	650
Macedonian	15	10	10	39,440	19,820	19,625
Maltese	50	25	25	35,255	17,525	17,730
Montenegrin	0	0	0	2,545	1,295	1,250
Portuguese	55	20	35	324,930	160,970	163,960
Serbian	20	10	10	66,835	34,035	32,800
Sicilian	35	25	10	4,190	2,090	2,100
Slovenian	10	10	10	26,485	13,215	13,275
Spanish	235	100	140	171,145	78,880	92,265
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	60	30	30	20,245	9,785	10,460
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	965	425	540
Other European origins	40	25	20	105,865	53,050	52,820
Basque	0	0	0	1,585	805	780
Jewish	20	10	10	77,280	38,860	38,425
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	2,295	1,050	1,245
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	2,065	1,110	955
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	15	10	10	23,290	11,540	11,750
Caribbean origins	185	90	100	462,600	213,660	248,940
Antiguan	0	0	0	3,275	1,480	1,800
Bahamian	0	0	0	2,305	1,190	1,115
Barbadian	30	20	10	26,625	12,375	14,250
Bermudan	0	0	0	2,010	925	1,085
Carib	0	0	0	2,295	855	1,440
Cuban	20	0	10	14,490	6,625	7,865
Dominican	0	0	0	9,180	4,420	4,760
Grenadian	0	0	0	14,690	6,420	8,275
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	70	20	50
Haitian	65	20	45	17,715	8,085	9,630
Jamaican	40	15	20	257,060	119,100	137,955
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	2,260	1,090	1,175
Martinican	0	0	0	195	65	125
Montserratan	0	0	0	620	300	325
Puerto Rican	25	15	10	1,495	755	740
St. Lucian	0	0	10	7,170	3,195	3,985
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	59,560	27,850	31,710
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	12,155	5,250	6,905
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	0	0	0	56,865	25,380	31,480
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	10	10	0	16,970	7,770	9,195
Latin, Central and South American origins	175	100	70	322,210	153,045	169,165
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	10,795	5,040	5,750
Arawak	0	0	0	1,055	470	585
Argentinian	10	0	0	11,460	5,620	5,840
Belizean	0	0	0	810	395	415
Bolivian	0	0	0	1,885	935	955
Brazilian	0	0	0	18,395	8,760	9,635
Chilean	0	0	0	14,625	7,015	7,610
Colombian	45	15	25	40,820	19,345	21,480
Costa Rican	0	0	0	2,790	1,380	1,410
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	20,385	9,650	10,735
Guatemalan	0	0	0	10,040	4,870	5,170
Guyanese	20	15	10	73,360	34,050	39,315
Hispanic	0	0	0	5,805	2,790	3,015
Honduran	0	0	0	3,360	1,590	1,765
Maya	0	0	0	2,500	1,285	1,215
Mexican	35	25	0	43,120	20,735	22,380
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	7,100	3,440	3,665
Panamanian	0	0	0	2,475	1,125	1,355
Paraguayan	0	0	0	600	280	320
Peruvian	0	0	0	14,780	6,985	7,800
Salvadorean	65	35	35	27,595	13,530	14,070
Uruguayan	0	0	0	4,200	2,150	2,050
Venezuelan	10	10	0	11,750	5,320	6,430
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	14,095	6,745	7,350
African origins	145	80	60	414,095	203,260	210,835
Central and West African origins	25	25	10	85,735	42,745	42,990
Akan	0	0	0	965	540	425
Angolan	0	0	0	1,635	815	820
Ashanti	0	0	0	1,205	620	585
Beninese	0	0	0	555	280	270
Burkinabe	0	0	0	415	190	225
Cameroonian	0	0	0	4,700	2,330	2,370
Chadian	0	0	0	645	320	325
Congolese	10	10	0	10,425	4,960	5,460
Edo	0	0	0	1,025	545	480
Ewe	0	0	0	180	95	80
Gabonese	0	0	0	170	80	90
Gambian	0	0	0	630	305	330
Ghanaian	0	0	0	24,850	12,060	12,790
Guinean	0	0	0	1,105	550	560
Ibo	0	0	0	1,940	1,035	905
Ivorian	0	0	0	1,350	600	745
Liberian	0	10	0	770	365	405
Malian	0	0	0	490	250	240
Malinké	0	0	0	345	160	185
Nigerian	10	10	0	26,560	13,620	12,940
Peulh	0	0	0	135	80	55
Senegalese	0	0	0	1,000	500	495
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	1,175	585	585
Togolese	0	0	0	670	370	300
Wolof	0	0	0	80	45	35
Yoruba	0	0	0	4,055	2,155	1,900
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	4,745	2,340	2,410
North African origins	10	0	0	86,665	44,970	41,695
Algerian	0	0	0	4,065	2,035	2,030
Berber	0	0	0	1,845	985	860
Coptic	0	0	0	2,305	1,185	1,120
Dinka	0	0	0	205	110	95
Egyptian	0	0	0	52,845	27,465	25,375
Libyan	0	0	0	3,785	2,015	1,760
Maure	0	0	0	290	160	125
Moroccan	0	0	0	12,305	6,310	6,000
Sudanese	0	0	0	8,975	4,600	4,375
Tunisian	0	0	0	2,295	1,210	1,085
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	1,755	920	830
Southern and East African origins	40	30	15	128,910	61,680	67,230
Afrikaner	0	0	0	560	285	275
Amhara	0	0	0	720	360	360
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	870	455	415
Burundian	0	0	10	3,105	1,465	1,640
Djiboutian	0	0	0	1,035	460	575
Eritrean	0	0	0	11,870	5,740	6,125
Ethiopian	0	0	0	22,560	10,755	11,800
Harari	0	0	0	475	255	215
Kenyan	25	15	10	5,860	2,780	3,080
Malagasy	0	0	0	430	200	230
Mauritian	0	0	0	3,600	1,830	1,770
Oromo	0	0	0	1,290	610	685
Rwandan	0	0	0	3,215	1,380	1,830
Seychellois	0	0	0	350	140	205
Somali	0	0	0	40,995	19,200	21,795
South African	10	10	0	19,760	9,790	9,970
Tanzanian	10	0	0	2,610	1,300	1,315
Tigrian	0	0	0	770	395	375
Ugandan	0	0	0	2,950	1,445	1,505
Zambian	0	0	0	805	410	395
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	3,425	1,595	1,830
Zulu	0	0	0	440	225	215
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	8,475	3,900	4,570
Other African origins	75	30	40	119,670	57,245	62,420
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	10	10	0	17,380	7,720	9,660
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	65	30	35	103,560	50,150	53,410
Asian origins	680	330	350	3,100,450	1,506,795	1,593,655
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	205	95	105	523,340	265,615	257,730
Afghan	0	0	0	54,535	27,255	27,280
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	20	10	0	44,705	23,345	21,360
Armenian	10	10	0	29,675	14,570	15,105
Assyrian	0	0	0	12,075	6,140	5,935
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	4,105	1,995	2,110
Georgian	0	0	0	2,815	1,415	1,395
Hazara	0	0	0	680	390	290
Iranian	60	25	35	117,065	58,995	58,065
Iraqi	0	0	0	50,460	25,420	25,035
Israeli	15	10	10	17,080	8,890	8,185
Jordanian	0	0	0	9,660	5,110	4,545
Kazakh	0	0	0	1,325	610	715
Kurd	10	10	0	9,210	4,880	4,330
Kuwaiti	35	15	25	1,510	795	715
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	340	130	210
Lebanese	45	25	25	86,245	43,700	42,545
Palestinian	45	20	20	28,480	15,215	13,270
Pashtun	0	0	0	3,010	1,635	1,375
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	3,660	1,975	1,685
Syrian	0	0	0	31,440	15,570	15,870
Tajik	0	0	0	1,850	880	970
Tatar	0	0	0	2,135	930	1,205
Turk	0	0	0	34,165	17,340	16,825
Turkmen	0	0	0	695	345	355
Uighur	0	0	0	755	385	375
Uzbek	0	0	0	2,400	1,155	1,240
Yemeni	0	0	0	4,225	2,065	2,155
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	16,270	8,395	7,875
South Asian origins	145	85	55	1,182,845	595,480	587,370
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	29,195	14,965	14,230
Bengali	0	0	0	15,235	7,795	7,445
Bhutanese	0	0	0	1,450	710	735
East Indian	130	80	50	774,500	390,015	384,480
Goan	0	0	0	4,775	2,245	2,525
Gujarati	0	0	0	5,915	3,055	2,860
Kashmiri	0	0	0	1,795	900	895
Nepali	0	0	0	8,150	4,070	4,080
Pakistani	25	10	15	149,060	75,860	73,200
Punjabi	0	0	0	55,455	28,580	26,875
Sinhalese	0	0	0	5,195	2,545	2,645
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	124,270	60,685	63,585
Tamil	0	0	0	42,760	21,705	21,050
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	58,705	29,705	29,005
East and Southeast Asian origins	335	145	190	1,422,890	659,650	763,245
Burmese	0	0	0	4,420	2,105	2,315
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	14,655	6,810	7,845
Chinese	175	80	95	849,345	403,280	446,065
Filipino	85	20	60	337,760	144,830	192,930
Hmong	0	0	0	650	340	305
Indonesian	10	0	10	9,325	4,305	5,025
Japanese	10	10	10	41,620	18,530	23,090
Karen	0	0	0	1,645	830	815
Korean	55	25	25	93,420	44,585	48,835
Laotian	10	10	0	9,875	4,865	5,015
Malaysian	0	0	0	7,310	3,370	3,935
Mongolian	0	0	0	2,940	1,390	1,545
Singaporean	0	0	0	1,260	565	700
Taiwanese	0	0	0	10,060	4,595	5,465
Thai	0	0	0	6,865	2,725	4,135
Tibetan	0	0	0	6,365	3,175	3,185
Vietnamese	20	0	15	107,640	51,350	56,290
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	4,375	2,165	2,210
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	13,430	6,575	6,855
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	13,430	6,575	6,855
Oceania origins	20	10	10	20,680	10,435	10,240
Australian	20	10	10	13,315	6,780	6,530
New Zealander	0	0	10	4,250	2,255	2,000
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	3,490	1,625	1,860
Fijian	0	0	0	1,610	665	945
Hawaiian	0	0	0	470	235	240
Maori	0	0	0	485	255	230
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	275	115	165
Samoan	0	0	0	225	140	85
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	555	265	290
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	6,170	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Owner	4,420	...	...	3,601,825	...	...
Renter	1,750	...	...	1,559,720	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	7,635	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	6,170	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
Condominium	90	...	...	680,495	...	...
Not condominium	6,085	...	...	4,488,680	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	6,170	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
No bedrooms	25	...	...	33,950	...	...
1 bedroom	535	...	...	699,980	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,585	...	...	1,122,145	...	...
3 bedrooms	2,665	...	...	1,876,905	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,365	...	...	1,436,185	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	6,170	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,105	...	...	1,369,660	...	...
5 rooms	985	...	...	718,020	...	...
6 rooms	1,095	...	...	770,730	...	...
7 rooms	1,075	...	...	713,595	...	...
8 or more rooms	1,915	...	...	1,597,165	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	6,170	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
One person or fewer per room	6,125	...	...	5,046,810	...	...
More than 1 person per room	40	...	...	122,360	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	6,170	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Suitable	5,965	...	...	4,858,170	...	...
Not suitable	205	...	...	311,005	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	6,170	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
1960 or before	2,865	...	...	1,293,135	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,725	...	...	1,449,585	...	...
1981 to 1990	480	...	...	709,135	...	...
1991 to 2000	490	...	...	622,565	...	...
2001 to 2005	315	...	...	396,130	...	...
2006 to 2010	185	...	...	368,235	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	100	...	...	330,390	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	6,170	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	5,615	...	...	4,851,335	...	...
Major repairs needed	555	...	...	317,840	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	6,175	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
1 household maintainer	3,760	...	...	2,962,065	...	...
2 household maintainers	2,305	...	...	2,059,710	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	105	...	...	147,400	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	6,170	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
15 to 24 years	90	...	...	135,835	...	...
25 to 34 years	640	...	...	681,685	...	...
35 to 44 years	820	...	...	880,070	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,250	...	...	1,113,885	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,335	...	...	1,047,185	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,155	...	...	738,445	...	...
75 to 84 years	645	...	...	414,210	...	...
85 years and over	225	...	...	157,860	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	6,170	...	...	5,106,290	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	4,540	...	...	3,694,385	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,630	...	...	1,411,900	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,435	...	...	1,208,010	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,420	...	...	3,557,485	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	60.9	...	...	61.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	18.6	...	...	19.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	985	...	...	1,299	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,085	...	...	1,463	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	200,097	...	...	400,496	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	229,524	...	...	506,409	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,750	...	...	1,554,940	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	22.0	...	...	15.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	46.0	...	...	45.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	826	...	...	1,045	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	847	...	...	1,109	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	12,140	5,770	6,365	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,460	1,175	1,285	1,935,355	961,690	973,670
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	4,450	2,060	2,395	3,026,100	1,485,320	1,540,770
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,230	2,540	2,690	6,076,985	2,895,745	3,181,235
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,010	660	350	664,180	471,055	193,120
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	510	295	220	324,370	199,510	124,855
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	495	365	135	339,810	271,545	68,260
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	2,570	1,105	1,465	2,298,715	981,785	1,316,930
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	210	100	105	242,005	107,065	134,945
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,435	675	760	2,872,085	1,335,845	1,536,250
Bachelor's degree	965	435	525	1,911,530	854,135	1,057,395
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	125	60	70	189,370	83,670	105,695
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	50	25	20	79,760	42,295	37,460
Master's degree	270	130	135	593,645	294,180	299,470
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	35	30	10	97,790	61,560	36,230
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	7,520	3,640	3,880	7,229,120	3,498,620	3,730,495
No certificate, diploma or degree	975	500	475	752,995	404,770	348,225
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	2,710	1,330	1,375	1,768,955	895,020	873,935
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,840	1,805	2,035	4,707,165	2,198,830	2,508,335
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	670	400	265	446,390	315,975	130,420
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	355	190	170	218,980	134,685	84,295
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	315	215	100	227,410	181,290	46,120
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	2,005	885	1,115	1,782,530	762,505	1,020,030
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	140	75	70	170,925	75,935	94,995
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,030	450	580	2,307,320	1,044,420	1,262,895
Bachelor's degree	720	295	430	1,519,850	668,450	851,400
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	90	45	45	148,960	62,370	86,590
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	30	15	15	63,790	30,895	32,895
Master's degree	170	85	85	500,415	239,160	261,255
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	20	10	10	74,310	43,545	30,765
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	12,140	5,775	6,365	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	6,915	3,235	3,680	4,961,455	2,447,010	2,514,445
Education	335	70	270	349,745	79,245	270,505
13. Education	335	65	270	349,750	79,245	270,505
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	170	70	100	246,075	109,955	136,120
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	30	20	10	38,745	28,735	10,010
50. Visual and performing arts	145	55	90	207,325	81,220	126,110
Humanities	220	105	115	359,560	133,350	226,210
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	25	20	10	37,900	8,170	29,730
23. English language and literature/letters	30	0	25	98,440	28,290	70,145
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	75	25	50	95,345	32,940	62,410
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	2,165	805	1,365
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	10	10	24,255	13,425	10,830
39. Theology and religious vocations	50	30	20	28,175	17,120	11,055
54. History	25	15	10	57,295	30,015	27,280
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	15,990	2,590	13,400
Social and behavioural sciences and law	565	215	345	810,410	269,735	540,670
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	10,765	2,210	8,560
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	25	20	10	81,500	31,825	49,675
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	165	35	130	141,750	11,775	129,975
22. Legal professions and studies	75	20	55	128,860	45,275	83,590
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	0	0	0	16,210	3,400	12,815
42. Psychology	120	55	70	122,545	29,640	92,905
45. Social sciences	170	85	90	308,775	145,620	163,155
Business, management and public administration	1,080	375	705	1,279,665	527,085	752,580
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	2,725	895	1,830
44. Public administration and social service professions	105	30	75	108,935	21,405	87,530
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	980	345	630	1,168,005	504,780	663,225
Physical and life sciences and technologies	175	125	55	253,905	124,050	129,850
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	55	35	20	110,950	45,120	65,835
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	40	25	20	54,745	24,800	29,945
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	3,830	1,190	2,640
40. Physical sciences	70	55	15	72,355	48,145	24,205
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	0	12,025	4,795	7,235
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	145	95	50	290,045	185,310	104,730
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	125	90	40	220,550	150,765	69,790
25. Library science	10	0	10	15,220	2,450	12,770
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0	0	49,025	28,515	20,515
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	5,235	3,580	1,655
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	1,105	1,045	55	1,173,030	1,055,050	117,985
04. Architecture and related services	25	15	10	51,845	34,590	17,265
14. Engineering	90	75	10	334,085	271,010	63,070
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	225	215	15	237,775	214,500	23,275
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	160	30	125
46. Construction trades	205	205	10	198,790	194,555	4,235
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	325	315	10	225,860	220,545	5,315
48. Precision production	230	215	10	124,515	119,820	4,695
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	105	75	30	106,895	67,015	39,880
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	85	60	30	66,035	41,790	24,240
03. Natural resources and conservation	20	20	0	40,860	25,230	15,635
Health and related fields	830	145	685	865,970	173,780	692,185
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	65	25	40	75,715	37,005	38,705
51. Health professions and related programs	755	115	640	767,680	124,280	643,400
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	10	0	10	22,575	12,490	10,075
Personal, protective and transportation services	490	215	275	340,285	170,915	169,375
12. Personal and culinary services	280	50	225	183,925	49,390	134,535
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	2,135	1,815	320
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	2,610	2,385	225
43. Security and protective services	130	90	40	98,325	68,625	29,695
49. Transportation and materials moving	80	75	0	53,290	48,695	4,595
Other	0	0	0	1,405	260	1,145
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	1,405	255	1,145
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	7,520	3,640	3,880	7,229,120	3,498,625	3,730,500
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	3,680	1,830	1,845	2,521,950	1,299,790	1,222,160
Education	185	35	155	243,635	52,670	190,965
13. Education	190	30	155	243,635	52,670	190,965
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	115	50	60	192,630	85,175	107,450
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20	10	10	28,705	21,070	7,635
50. Visual and performing arts	95	35	50	163,925	64,105	99,815
Humanities	115	60	55	266,665	95,805	170,855
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	10	0	0	29,210	5,775	23,435
23. English language and literature/letters	15	0	15	73,110	20,225	52,885
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	50	30	20	72,145	24,330	47,815
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	1,665	615	1,045
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	17,755	9,925	7,830
39. Theology and religious vocations	25	15	15	19,390	11,790	7,605
54. History	15	10	0	42,315	21,735	20,585
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	11,075	1,415	9,655
Social and behavioural sciences and law	440	155	290	648,285	207,200	441,085
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	10	0	8,630	1,785	6,845
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	25	20	10	67,115	26,015	41,105
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	145	25	110	111,550	8,405	103,145
22. Legal professions and studies	45	10	30	108,895	34,250	74,650
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	0	0	0	12,875	2,705	10,170
42. Psychology	85	30	55	93,770	21,045	72,725
45. Social sciences	140	55	80	245,445	113,000	132,445
Business, management and public administration	825	290	535	1,026,975	414,425	612,550
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	2,225	715	1,510
44. Public administration and social service professions	80	25	55	88,130	16,590	71,540
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	750	265	480	936,620	397,120	539,500
Physical and life sciences and technologies	135	95	40	190,235	88,535	101,700
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	40	25	15	84,580	33,150	51,425
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	35	15	15	41,255	18,020	23,240
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	3,135	975	2,165
40. Physical sciences	55	50	0	52,490	33,175	19,310
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	10	8,775	3,215	5,555
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	130	85	40	252,275	162,360	89,915
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	110	90	30	198,775	136,120	62,655
25. Library science	10	0	10	10,755	1,765	8,995
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	38,160	21,440	16,720
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	4,580	3,030	1,550
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	740	695	50	878,300	779,075	99,225
04. Architecture and related services	15	10	10	42,115	27,365	14,745
14. Engineering	65	55	10	266,040	211,240	54,800
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	150	140	10	178,830	160,160	18,675
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	140	25	115
46. Construction trades	145	140	10	141,515	138,160	3,360
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	220	215	10	162,855	158,770	4,080
48. Precision production	150	140	10	86,805	83,355	3,450
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	95	70	25	82,775	49,710	33,065
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	75	55	20	50,160	30,065	20,095
03. Natural resources and conservation	20	15	10	32,615	19,650	12,965
Health and related fields	660	95	565	664,880	133,665	531,220
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	45	20	25	58,160	27,950	30,205
51. Health professions and related programs	610	75	535	589,085	96,720	492,365
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	10	0	17,640	8,990	8,645
Personal, protective and transportation services	385	175	210	259,400	129,985	129,415
12. Personal and culinary services	220	50	175	137,250	36,225	101,030
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	1,685	1,405	280
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	1,415	1,270	145
43. Security and protective services	105	70	35	77,190	52,840	24,345
49. Transportation and materials moving	60	55	0	41,855	38,245	3,610
Other	0	0	0	1,125	220	900
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	1,125	225	900
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	12,135	5,770	6,365	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,910	3,235	3,680	4,961,460	2,447,010	2,514,445
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	5,225	2,540	2,685	6,076,985	2,895,745	3,181,240
Location of study inside Canada	4,325	2,060	2,270	4,786,950	2,261,260	2,525,690
Same as province or territory of residence	4,165	1,990	2,175	4,414,485	2,081,525	2,332,960
Different than province or territory of residence	160	70	90	372,470	179,735	192,730
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	900	485	415	1,290,035	634,485	655,545
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	485	250	230	167,260	89,350	77,910
Philippines	45	20	30	115,410	39,750	75,655
India	40	30	15	169,340	85,500	83,840
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	80	55	25	115,690	66,215	49,470
China^{Census data footnote 162}	10	0	10	98,415	46,230	52,185
France	0	0	0	10,775	5,800	4,975
Other	235	130	110	613,145	301,635	311,510
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	7,520	3,640	3,880	7,229,120	3,498,620	3,730,500
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,680	1,830	1,850	2,521,955	1,299,795	1,222,160
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	3,840	1,810	2,035	4,707,170	2,198,830	2,508,335
Location of study inside Canada	3,255	1,515	1,745	3,713,145	1,728,610	1,984,540
Same as province or territory of residence	3,165	1,475	1,695	3,432,015	1,593,170	1,838,850
Different than province or territory of residence	85	40	45	281,130	135,440	145,690
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	585	295	290	994,025	470,225	523,800
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	310	150	160	127,005	65,045	61,960
Philippines	35	20	25	97,230	32,925	64,300
India	40	25	15	143,205	70,040	73,175
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	30	15	10	62,325	34,315	28,010
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	82,020	37,900	44,125
France	0	0	0	8,705	4,630	4,070
Other	170	85	85	473,530	225,365	248,160
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	12,135	5,775	6,365	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,680
In the labour force	6,810	3,475	3,335	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,055
Employed	6,215	3,125	3,085	6,612,150	3,414,255	3,197,895
Unemployed	590	350	245	529,525	275,370	254,160
Not in the labour force	5,325	2,295	3,030	3,896,765	1,653,130	2,243,630
Participation rate	56.1	60.2	52.4	64.7	69.1	60.6
Employment rate	51.2	54.1	48.5	59.9	63.9	56.1
Unemployment rate	8.7	10.1	7.3	7.4	7.5	7.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	12,140	5,775	6,365	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	4,990	2,125	2,865	3,696,235	1,561,475	2,134,755
Worked	7,145	3,645	3,500	7,342,205	3,781,280	3,560,925
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	3,685	2,030	1,655	3,837,565	2,148,635	1,688,935
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	3,465	1,615	1,850	3,504,645	1,632,645	1,871,995
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.3	42.8	41.7	42.9	43.4	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	6,810	3,475	3,335	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,055
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	160	75	85	171,050	81,735	89,315
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	6,650	3,400	3,250	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735
Employee	6,065	3,015	3,050	6,146,035	3,084,740	3,061,295
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	585	385	200	824,595	523,145	301,445
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	6,805	3,475	3,335	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,050
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	155	75	80	171,045	81,735	89,315
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	6,650	3,400	3,250	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735
0 Management occupations	550	310	235	790,880	483,240	307,635
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,140	345	795	1,124,770	357,215	767,555
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	300	260	40	516,110	399,195	116,915
3 Health occupations	460	85	375	447,045	90,495	356,550
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	560	190	370	831,340	265,075	566,265
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	105	75	25	225,720	104,445	121,275
6 Sales and service occupations	1,880	685	1,190	1,632,085	709,375	922,710
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,090	1,020	65	927,820	866,870	60,950
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	155	125	30	113,405	88,150	25,260
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	420	305	120	361,455	243,835	117,620
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	6,805	3,475	3,330	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,050
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	160	80	85	171,050	81,730	89,315
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	6,650	3,400	3,250	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	50	35	10	102,070	67,005	35,070
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	15	10	10	32,340	27,920	4,415
22 Utilities	40	25	10	50,820	38,195	12,630
23 Construction	485	450	30	476,835	419,600	57,230
31-33 Manufacturing	800	575	225	683,335	482,800	200,530
41 Wholesale trade	230	155	75	270,745	178,945	91,800
44-45 Retail trade	865	350	520	783,540	367,175	416,365
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	525	305	225	329,240	242,045	87,190
51 Information and cultural industries	60	35	25	176,715	101,045	75,670
52 Finance and insurance	150	45	105	380,765	169,590	211,180
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	65	40	25	144,275	77,385	66,890
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	305	165	140	567,825	316,685	251,140
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	12,365	5,290	7,075
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	370	250	120	338,640	190,210	148,430
61 Educational services	325	95	220	528,470	163,680	364,795
62 Health care and social assistance	705	135	570	754,555	134,270	620,275
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	340	185	150	147,425	75,330	72,095
72 Accommodation and food services	645	205	435	478,070	201,260	276,805
81 Other services (except public administration)	330	145	190	296,960	133,220	163,745
91 Public administration	360	190	165	415,635	216,250	199,385
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	6,215	3,125	3,090	6,612,150	3,414,255	3,197,900
Worked at home	265	145	120	480,290	242,495	237,795
Worked outside Canada	215	90	120	39,145	25,995	13,150
No fixed workplace address	735	555	175	736,715	536,140	200,570
Worked at usual place	4,995	2,330	2,665	5,355,995	2,609,620	2,746,375
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	4,995	2,330	2,665	5,356,000	2,609,625	2,746,375
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,130	1,325	1,810	3,109,070	1,418,260	1,690,810
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,575	800	780	857,565	419,960	437,605
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	270	195	75	1,350,375	749,770	600,605
Commute to a different province or territory	15	10	10	38,990	21,630	17,355
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	5,735	2,895	2,845	6,092,710	3,145,765	2,946,945
Car, truck, van - as a driver	4,925	2,500	2,425	4,375,215	2,392,270	1,982,945
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	440	200	235	372,480	151,880	220,600
Public transit	75	20	50	888,920	376,690	512,235
Walked	205	100	105	320,015	143,885	176,130
Bicycle	35	35	0	75,460	50,200	25,260
Other method	65	40	25	60,620	30,835	29,785
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	5,735	2,895	2,845	6,092,715	3,145,765	2,946,950
Less than 15 minutes	2,835	1,240	1,595	1,463,845	675,540	788,310
15 to 29 minutes	1,360	710	650	1,964,690	991,525	973,165
30 to 44 minutes	970	560	405	1,295,375	706,155	589,225
45 to 59 minutes	250	130	115	612,415	336,090	276,325
60 minutes and over	325	245	75	756,385	436,455	319,930
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	5,735	2,890	2,845	6,092,715	3,145,765	2,946,950
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	540	375	165	413,515	296,265	117,245
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	975	575	405	1,039,255	640,810	398,445
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,265	670	590	1,571,230	778,100	793,130
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,265	510	755	1,354,870	577,565	777,310
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	545	180	365	740,330	328,410	411,920
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,145	575	570	973,515	524,620	448,895
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	7,395	3,770	3,625	7,579,085	3,895,880	3,683,200
Single responses	7,355	3,755	3,600	7,434,675	3,828,665	3,606,015
Official languages	7,330	3,740	3,590	7,319,360	3,767,405	3,551,955
English	7,305	3,735	3,570	7,225,210	3,732,550	3,492,655
French	25	0	20	94,145	34,850	59,295
Non-official languages	25	15	10	115,320	61,255	54,060
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	1,485	765	715
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	1,420	745	675
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	370	220	150
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	10
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	360	215	145
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	1,050	525	525
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	495	235	265
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	545	290	260
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	25	0	20
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	25	10	20
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	25	10	20
Cayuga	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mohawk	0	0	0	20	10	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	25	15	10	113,835	60,490	53,340
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	3,305	1,995	1,310
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	125	45	80
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	15	10	10
Somali	0	0	0	110	35	70
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	10	0	3,175	1,955	1,225
Amharic	0	0	0	75	30	45
Arabic	10	10	0	2,430	1,605	825
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	145	110	40
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	35	20	15
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	395	140	260
Maltese	0	0	0	20	15	10
Tigrigna	0	0	0	60	30	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	2,575	1,065	1,510
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	95	50	50
Vietnamese	0	0	0	2,480	1,015	1,465
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	1,280	495	790
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	25	10	15
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	40	20	20
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	55	20	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	1,145	435	705
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Creole languages	0	0	0	60	35	30
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	15	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	50	25	20
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	1,980	945	1,035
Kannada	0	0	0	10	0	10
Malayalam	0	0	0	75	45	30
Tamil	0	0	0	1,870	900	975
Telugu	0	0	0	35	10	20
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10	0	10	38,960	21,375	17,580
Albanian	0	0	0	275	170	105
Armenian	0	0	0	145	75	75
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	6,655	3,165	3,495
Baltic languages	0	0	0	70	25	40
Latvian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Lithuanian	0	0	0	45	20	25
Slavic languages	0	0	0	6,595	3,135	3,455
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	100	55	40
Bulgarian	0	0	0	120	85	40
Croatian	0	0	0	155	100	50
Czech	0	0	0	25	20	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	85	35	45
Polish	0	0	0	1,925	960	960
Russian	0	0	0	2,905	1,240	1,670
Serbian	0	0	0	390	240	145
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Slovak	0	0	0	55	40	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	15	0	10
Ukrainian	0	0	0	780	320	460
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	6,905	3,655	3,250
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	30	15	20
Dutch	0	0	0	790	425	365
Frisian	0	0	0	25	20	10
German	0	0	0	5,690	3,005	2,690
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	10	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	30	10	20
Swedish	0	0	0	55	15	35
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	20	0	20
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	240	155	80
Greek	0	0	0	405	240	165
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	11,880	6,560	5,315
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	9,205	4,900	4,310
Bengali	0	0	0	335	160	170
Gujarati	0	0	0	730	255	475
Hindi	0	0	0	800	380	415
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	30	10	20
Nepali	0	0	0	80	30	50
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	6,025	3,480	2,550
Sindhi	0	0	0	20	10	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	30	15	10
Urdu	0	0	0	1,150	555	600
Iranian languages	0	0	0	2,660	1,655	1,005
Kurdish	0	0	0	105	95	15
Pashto	0	0	0	20	10	15
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	2,530	1,555	975
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Italic (Romance) languages	10	10	10	12,680	7,505	5,170
Catalan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Italian	0	0	0	945	505	445
Portuguese	0	0	0	5,815	3,865	1,950
Romanian	0	0	0	300	140	160
Spanish	10	10	0	5,590	2,985	2,605
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Japanese	0	0	0	1,010	360	655
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Georgian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Korean	0	0	0	4,945	2,505	2,445
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	120	55	65
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	20	0	20
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	10	0
Ganda	0	0	0	25	15	15
Igbo	0	0	0	10	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	15	0	10
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	20	10	0
Wolof	0	0	0	10	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	20	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	810	295	515
American Sign Language	0	0	0	575	170	410
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	225	130	100
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	57,620	30,735	26,890
Chinese languages	0	0	0	57,535	30,690	26,840
Cantonese	0	0	0	26,955	14,190	12,770
Hakka	0	0	0	30	10	25
Mandarin	0	0	0	29,090	15,730	13,360
Min Dong	0	0	0	30	15	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	250	155	90
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	35	20	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,145	565	580
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	90	50	45
Burmese	0	0	0	10	10	10
Karenic languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Tibetan	0	0	0	45	30	15
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	235	95	145
Lao	0	0	0	80	40	35
Thai	0	0	0	160	55	105
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	465	315	150
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	15	15	0
Turkish	0	0	0	440	295	140
Uyghur	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	10	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	420	205	220
Estonian	0	0	0	45	10	35
Finnish	0	0	0	75	25	50
Hungarian	0	0	0	295	165	130
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Multiple responses	40	15	25	144,405	67,215	77,185
English and French	10	10	0	63,665	26,760	36,900
English and non-official language	25	10	20	78,240	39,330	38,910
French and non-official language	0	0	0	175	75	100
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	2,325	1,055	1,270
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	7,395	3,770	3,625	7,579,080	3,895,880	3,683,200
None	7,235	3,690	3,545	6,975,415	3,605,485	3,369,930
English	30	15	15	109,150	48,930	60,220
French	60	25	40	260,050	118,655	141,395
Non-official language	45	25	20	226,490	119,130	107,360
Aboriginal	0	0	10	5,970	2,480	3,490
Non-Aboriginal	40	25	15	220,520	116,650	103,870
English and French	0	0	0	245	100	150
English and non-official language	0	0	0	1,620	780	845
French and non-official language	15	10	10	6,080	2,780	3,300
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	35	25	10
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	14,205	6,815	7,395	13,106,990	6,403,470	6,703,520
Non-movers	12,450	5,970	6,480	11,475,985	5,603,290	5,872,695
Movers	1,755	845	915	1,631,005	800,180	830,820
Non-migrants	920	440	485	941,380	460,170	481,210
Migrants	835	405	435	689,625	340,015	349,610
Internal migrants	700	350	360	535,180	263,055	272,120
Intraprovincial migrants	620	300	320	467,890	229,080	238,810
Interprovincial migrants	85	50	35	67,290	33,980	33,315
External migrants	130	55	80	154,445	76,955	77,490
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	13,705	6,570	7,135	12,546,040	6,116,715	6,429,325
Non-movers	8,750	4,205	4,550	7,887,825	3,845,945	4,041,880
Movers	4,955	2,370	2,580	4,658,215	2,270,770	2,387,445
Non-migrants	2,620	1,185	1,430	2,545,875	1,238,055	1,307,820
Migrants	2,330	1,185	1,150	2,112,340	1,032,710	1,079,630
Internal migrants	2,025	1,035	985	1,562,375	761,630	800,740
Intraprovincial migrants	1,845	920	925	1,380,900	672,540	708,360
Interprovincial migrants	175	115	60	181,480	89,090	92,390
External migrants	310	145	165	549,965	271,080	278,885

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Fort Erie [Population centre], Ontario and Ontario [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 19, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Fort Erie [Population centre], Ontario and Ontario [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Fort Erie [Population centre], Ontario and Ontario [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Fort Erie [Population centre], Ontario and Ontario [Province]