Census Profile, 2016 Census
Canada [Country] and Cornwall [Census agglomeration], Ontario

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Canada [Country]			Cornwall Ontario [Census agglomeration]
	Data quality , Canada [Country] Map : Canada [Country] Change geography 1			Data quality : Cornwall [Census agglomeration], Ontario Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	35,151,728	...	...	59,699	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	33,476,688	...	...	58,957	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	5.0	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	15,412,443	...	...	26,936	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	14,072,079	...	...	26,082	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3.9	...	...	117.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	8,965,588.85	...	...	509.14	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	35,151,730	17,264,200	17,887,530	59,700	28,890	30,805
0 to 14 years	5,839,565	2,992,920	2,846,645	9,315	4,755	4,560
0 to 4 years	1,898,790	973,030	925,760	3,080	1,595	1,485
5 to 9 years	2,018,130	1,034,685	983,445	3,255	1,660	1,605
10 to 14 years	1,922,645	985,200	937,445	2,980	1,505	1,475
15 to 64 years	23,376,530	11,576,130	11,800,400	36,990	18,145	18,845
15 to 19 years	2,026,160	1,039,215	986,940	3,165	1,640	1,530
20 to 24 years	2,242,690	1,144,495	1,098,200	3,555	1,820	1,740
25 to 29 years	2,285,990	1,144,470	1,141,515	3,285	1,605	1,675
30 to 34 years	2,329,395	1,148,290	1,181,110	3,185	1,555	1,625
35 to 39 years	2,288,365	1,118,635	1,169,730	3,095	1,515	1,580
40 to 44 years	2,255,135	1,104,440	1,150,695	3,195	1,510	1,685
45 to 49 years	2,359,965	1,157,760	1,202,210	3,420	1,645	1,775
50 to 54 years	2,678,075	1,318,755	1,359,320	4,675	2,270	2,400
55 to 59 years	2,620,240	1,285,190	1,335,055	4,920	2,400	2,520
60 to 64 years	2,290,510	1,114,885	1,175,630	4,495	2,180	2,310
65 years and over	5,935,630	2,695,150	3,240,485	13,395	5,995	7,400
65 to 69 years	1,972,480	953,075	1,019,405	4,265	2,050	2,215
70 to 74 years	1,420,875	677,975	742,900	3,055	1,460	1,600
75 to 79 years	1,021,850	469,550	552,300	2,380	1,090	1,295
80 to 84 years	749,650	325,765	423,880	1,785	775	1,010
85 years and over	770,780	268,790	501,990	1,910	620	1,290
85 to 89 years	482,525	185,535	296,990	1,170	415	755
90 to 94 years	223,510	68,675	154,835	545	160	390
95 to 99 years	56,525	13,240	43,280	165	40	125
100 years and over	8,230	1,340	6,890	25	0	20
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.6	17.3	15.9	15.6	16.5	14.8
15 to 64 years	66.5	67.1	66.0	62.0	62.8	61.2
65 years and over	16.9	15.6	18.1	22.4	20.8	24.0
85 years and over	2.2	1.6	2.8	3.2	2.1	4.2
Average age of the population	41.0	40.1	41.9	44.1	42.9	45.2
Median age of the population	41.2	40.2	42.2	46.6	45.1	48.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	14,072,080	...	...	26,080	...	...
Single-detached house	7,541,495	...	...	14,890	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,391,040	...	...	1,145	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	4,949,795	...	...	9,935	...	...
Semi-detached house	698,800	...	...	2,185	...	...
Row house	891,305	...	...	1,215	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	784,300	...	...	1,850	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,539,390	...	...	4,560	...	...
Other single-attached house	36,005	...	...	120	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	189,755	...	...	115	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	14,072,080	...	...	26,085	...	...
1 person	3,969,790	...	...	8,250	...	...
2 persons	4,834,605	...	...	9,995	...	...
3 persons	2,140,640	...	...	3,585	...	...
4 persons	1,946,275	...	...	2,750	...	...
5 or more persons	1,180,770	...	...	1,500	...	...
Number of persons in private households	34,460,060	...	...	58,135	...	...
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	29,312,160	14,271,280	15,040,885	50,385	24,140	26,250
Married or living common law	16,893,720	8,452,135	8,441,585	28,725	14,355	14,375
Married	13,383,455	6,693,465	6,689,990	22,710	11,360	11,350
Living common law	3,510,265	1,758,670	1,751,590	6,020	2,995	3,025
Not married and not living common law	12,418,440	5,819,140	6,599,300	21,655	9,785	11,870
Never married	8,254,340	4,444,425	3,809,915	12,305	6,650	5,655
Separated	718,295	309,905	408,400	1,830	795	1,030
Divorced	1,816,005	725,535	1,090,470	3,505	1,475	2,030
Widowed	1,629,800	339,280	1,290,525	4,020	870	3,150
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	9,840,730	...	...	17,310	...	...
2 persons	5,007,790	...	...	10,150	...	...
3 persons	2,107,830	...	...	3,440	...	...
4 persons	1,909,935	...	...	2,535	...	...
5 or more persons	815,170	...	...	1,185	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	9,840,730	...	...	17,310	...	...
Total couple families	8,227,925	...	...	14,025	...	...
Married couples	6,474,005	...	...	11,020	...	...
Common-law couples	1,753,920	...	...	3,005	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	1,612,805	...	...	3,280	...	...
Female parent	1,262,340	...	...	2,615	...	...
Male parent	350,465	...	...	675	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	8,227,925	...	...	14,025	...	...
Couples without children	4,024,305	...	...	8,110	...	...
Couples with children	4,203,615	...	...	5,915	...	...
1 child	1,650,165	...	...	2,555	...	...
2 children	1,783,080	...	...	2,285	...	...
3 or more children	770,375	...	...	1,075	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	1,612,805	...	...	3,280	...	...
1 child	983,485	...	...	2,040	...	...
2 children	457,670	...	...	885	...	...
3 or more children	171,655	...	...	360	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	6,107,260	2,941,395	3,165,865	11,025	5,145	5,880
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	14,072,075	...	...	26,080	...	...
One-census-family households	9,218,225	...	...	16,705	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	3,782,095	...	...	7,875	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	5,436,135	...	...	8,835	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	301,715	...	...	300	...	...
Non-census-family households	4,552,135	...	...	9,080	...	...
One-person households	3,969,790	...	...	8,250	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	582,350	...	...	830	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,080	58,620	28,485	30,140
English only	23,757,525	11,838,075	11,919,455	34,575	17,380	17,200
French only	4,144,685	1,925,845	2,218,840	470	185	285
English and French	6,216,065	3,071,325	3,144,740	23,410	10,860	12,550
Neither English nor French	648,970	265,920	383,045	165	65	100
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085	58,620	28,485	30,135
English	26,007,500	12,852,330	13,155,165	45,890	22,615	23,270
French	7,705,755	3,780,105	3,925,650	12,095	5,555	6,535
English and French	417,485	209,130	208,355	480	250	230
Neither English nor French	636,515	259,600	376,910	150	60	95
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	7,914,495	3,884,670	4,029,825	12,335	5,680	6,650
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	22.8	22.7	22.8	21.0	19.9	22.1
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,085	58,620	28,485	30,140
Single responses	33,948,620	16,702,840	17,245,775	57,190	27,810	29,375
Official languages	26,627,555	13,201,620	13,425,940	54,125	26,295	27,835
English	19,460,850	9,680,125	9,780,725	41,840	20,660	21,180
French	7,166,705	3,521,495	3,645,215	12,285	5,630	6,650
Non-official languages	7,321,065	3,501,220	3,819,840	3,060	1,520	1,545
Aboriginal languages	195,700	94,795	100,900	65	35	25
Algonquian languages	130,450	62,930	67,520	10	5	5
Blackfoot	2,815	1,325	1,490	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	88,445	42,920	45,530	0	0	0
Atikamekw	6,150	3,135	3,015	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	10,230	4,885	5,350	0	0	0
Moose Cree	100	50	55	0	0	0
Naskapi	1,205	590	620	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	315	125	190	0	0	0
Plains Cree	3,065	1,360	1,710	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	45	20	25	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	1,440	585	850	0	0	0
Woods Cree	1,840	865	975	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	64,050	31,305	32,745	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	6,990	3,310	3,680	5	0	0
Malecite	305	140	160	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	6,690	3,170	3,520	0	0	5
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	32,150	15,350	16,800	10	10	0
Algonquin	1,260	590	670	0	0	0
Ojibway	17,890	8,440	9,450	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	12,855	6,260	6,595	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	150	65	85	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	17,365	8,325	9,045	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	17,315	8,310	9,010	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	110	55	60	0	0	0
Beaver	190	85	105	0	0	0
Carrier	1,025	465	565	0	0	0
Chilcotin	660	295	360	0	0	0
Dene	10,700	5,185	5,515	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	1,645	840	815	0	0	0
Gwich'in	260	110	145	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	80	25	50	0	0	0
Sekani	90	45	45	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	1,995	950	1,045	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	765	365	400	0	0	0
South Slavey	945	455	495	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	280	130	150	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	270	135	140	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	180	90	90	0	0	0
Tahltan	95	40	50	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	290	120	170	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	215	90	135	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	70	30	40	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	50	20	35	0	0	0
Haida	75	35	40	0	0	0
Inuit languages	36,545	18,100	18,445	5	5	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	1,025	445	575	0	0	0
Inuktitut	35,215	17,530	17,680	5	5	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	315	125	185	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	1,115	485	635	45	25	25
Cayuga	45	20	20	0	0	0
Mohawk	980	430	555	45	20	25
Oneida	55	20	40	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kutenai	105	55	55	0	0	0
Michif	465	230	235	0	0	0
Salish languages	2,305	1,130	1,180	0	0	0
Comox	80	45	40	0	0	0
Halkomelem	475	225	245	0	0	0
Lillooet	315	155	155	0	0	0
Okanagan	270	135	135	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	445	225	220	0	0	0
Squamish	40	20	20	0	0	0
Straits	80	40	40	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	335	150	185	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	255	135	125	0	0	0
Siouan languages	4,285	2,070	2,220	0	0	0
Dakota	1,215	570	635	0	0	0
Stoney	3,025	1,465	1,555	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	0	0	0
Tlingit	95	40	55	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	1,480	730	755	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	880	435	445	0	0	0
Nisga'a	400	200	200	0	0	0
Tsimshian	200	90	110	5	0	0
Wakashan languages	805	370	435	0	0	0
Haisla	90	40	50	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	95	40	55	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	325	145	185	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	285	135	140	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	585	295	295	5	5	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	7,125,365	3,406,425	3,718,945	3,000	1,485	1,515
Afro-Asiatic languages	575,365	298,060	277,300	165	85	75
Berber languages	22,135	11,865	10,270	0	0	0
Kabyle	13,150	6,995	6,155	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	8,985	4,865	4,115	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	42,885	20,095	22,790	0	0	0
Bilen	805	455	350	0	0	0
Oromo	4,960	2,560	2,400	0	0	0
Somali	36,755	16,895	19,865	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	365	195	170	0	0	0
Semitic languages	509,190	265,465	243,725	160	90	70
Amharic	22,465	10,720	11,745	10	5	5
Arabic	419,890	220,785	199,105	145	80	65
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	16,070	7,910	8,160	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5,545	2,780	2,770	0	0	0
Harari	1,320	635	685	0	0	0
Hebrew	19,530	10,480	9,045	5	0	0
Maltese	5,565	2,765	2,800	0	0	0
Tigrigna	16,650	8,310	8,340	5	5	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	2,155	1,085	1,070	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	1,155	635	520	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	176,725	81,810	94,920	65	35	30
Khmer (Cambodian)	20,130	9,270	10,860	0	0	0
Vietnamese	156,425	72,470	83,955	65	35	35
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	170	65	100	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	511,480	211,580	299,900	80	10	65
Bikol	1,790	790	1,000	0	0	0
Cebuano	19,890	7,930	11,960	5	0	5
Fijian	745	400	345	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	6,885	2,680	4,205	0	0	0
Ilocano	26,345	10,620	15,720	0	0	0
Malagasy	1,430	665	760	0	0	0
Malay	12,275	5,255	7,020	5	0	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	4,040	1,865	2,175	0	0	0
Pangasinan	1,390	590	800	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	431,380	178,575	252,810	65	15	50
Waray-Waray	1,110	430	675	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	4,195	1,770	2,425	0	0	0
Creole languages	72,125	32,310	39,820	10	10	10
Haitian Creole	3,030	1,445	1,590	0	5	0
Creole, n.o.s.	64,105	28,455	35,660	10	5	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	4,985	2,410	2,575	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	189,405	94,765	94,640	405	205	200
Kannada	3,970	2,040	1,935	0	0	0
Malayalam	28,570	14,770	13,800	15	10	5
Tamil	140,720	69,080	71,640	390	195	190
Telugu	15,655	8,640	7,020	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	490	240	250	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	795	395	405	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,877,330	1,889,400	1,987,930	1,960	990	975
Albanian	26,890	13,610	13,285	0	0	0
Armenian	33,455	16,270	17,185	15	5	5
Balto-Slavic languages	701,975	323,640	378,340	195	95	105
Baltic languages	12,530	5,315	7,215	10	0	5
Latvian	5,455	2,350	3,105	0	5	0
Lithuanian	7,075	2,965	4,115	5	0	5
Slavic languages	689,450	318,325	371,115	190	90	100
Belarusan	810	385	430	0	0	0
Bosnian	12,210	6,035	6,180	0	0	0
Bulgarian	20,025	9,675	10,345	5	0	0
Croatian	48,200	23,540	24,665	15	10	5
Czech	22,290	10,525	11,765	15	10	5
Macedonian	16,775	8,050	8,725	0	0	0
Polish	181,710	82,435	99,275	85	40	45
Russian	188,255	85,400	102,855	25	10	15
Serbian	57,350	28,535	28,815	10	5	0
Serbo-Croatian	9,555	4,565	4,985	0	0	0
Slovak	17,580	8,075	9,510	5	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	9,790	4,415	5,370	5	0	5
Ukrainian	102,485	45,440	57,040	30	10	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	2,415	1,255	1,165	0	0	0
Celtic languages	2,690	1,335	1,360	10	5	5
Scottish Gaelic	1,090	540	550	5	5	5
Welsh	1,075	495	575	5	5	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	530	295	235	5	0	0
Germanic languages	538,765	258,410	280,350	435	215	220
Afrikaans	10,265	5,115	5,145	0	0	0
Danish	12,630	6,245	6,390	10	5	5
Dutch	99,020	48,200	50,820	165	90	75
Frisian	2,100	1,095	1,005	5	0	5
German	384,035	183,215	200,820	240	115	125
Icelandic	1,285	600	685	0	0	0
Norwegian	4,615	2,170	2,445	0	0	0
Swedish	6,840	3,015	3,825	5	5	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	3,895	1,730	2,165	5	5	0
Yiddish	13,555	6,750	6,800	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	525	280	240	0	0	0
Greek	106,525	53,350	53,170	85	50	35
Indo-Iranian languages	1,312,750	664,120	648,630	850	435	410
Indo-Aryan languages	1,064,760	538,530	526,235	725	370	350
Bengali	73,125	37,410	35,720	45	25	20
Gujarati	108,780	55,105	53,670	50	30	25
Hindi	110,640	55,880	54,765	25	10	15
Kashmiri	565	300	265	0	0	0
Konkani	3,330	1,625	1,710	0	0	0
Marathi	8,295	4,300	3,995	0	0	5
Nepali	18,275	9,230	9,045	5	5	0
Oriya (Odia)	1,055	560	495	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	501,680	253,515	248,160	105	55	55
Sindhi	11,860	5,605	6,260	5	0	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	16,335	8,050	8,285	10	5	5
Urdu	210,815	106,960	103,860	475	250	230
Iranian languages	242,805	122,835	119,970	120	60	60
Kurdish	11,705	6,345	5,355	5	0	0
Pashto	16,910	8,760	8,145	65	35	30
Persian (Farsi)	214,200	107,725	106,470	55	25	30
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5,180	2,755	2,425	5	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages	1,154,270	558,660	595,615	380	190	190
Catalan	865	440	425	0	0	5
Italian	375,635	184,415	191,220	170	90	75
Portuguese	221,540	106,630	114,910	35	10	20
Romanian	96,665	46,195	50,470	40	20	20
Spanish	458,850	220,605	238,245	135	65	75
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	720	380	340	0	0	5
Japanese	43,640	14,790	28,855	20	5	15
Kartvelian languages	1,715	910	805	0	0	5
Georgian	1,715	910	805	0	0	0
Korean	153,425	70,310	83,115	20	10	15
Mongolic languages	1,575	690	885	0	0	0
Mongolian	1,575	690	880	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	91,375	45,075	46,305	20	10	10
Akan (Twi)	13,455	6,490	6,970	5	5	0
Bamanankan	1,535	815	720	0	0	0
Edo	1,670	770	900	0	0	0
Ewe	1,760	950	805	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	2,825	1,495	1,335	0	0	0
Ga	920	445	470	0	0	0
Ganda	1,295	625	665	0	0	0
Igbo	4,235	2,265	1,970	0	0	0
Lingala	3,810	1,785	2,025	5	5	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5,845	2,785	3,060	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5,250	2,355	2,895	5	5	0
Shona	3,180	1,520	1,665	0	0	0
Swahili	13,370	6,385	6,990	0	0	0
Wolof	3,990	2,170	1,820	0	0	0
Yoruba	9,085	4,785	4,300	5	5	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	19,135	9,435	9,695	5	5	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5,870	3,025	2,845	0	5	0
Dinka	2,120	1,115	1,000	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	3,755	1,910	1,840	0	0	0
Sign languages	7,500	3,925	3,575	15	10	10
American Sign Language	2,685	1,320	1,360	10	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	695	340	355	5	0	5
Sign languages, n.i.e	4,120	2,265	1,860	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,269,215	589,570	679,645	130	60	65
Chinese languages	1,253,360	581,650	671,715	130	65	70
Cantonese	565,270	262,865	302,405	65	35	35
Hakka	10,910	4,900	6,015	0	0	0
Mandarin	592,040	274,630	317,410	50	15	30
Min Dong	1,230	580	650	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	31,795	14,450	17,350	5	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	12,915	5,780	7,140	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	38,580	18,165	20,410	10	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	610	275	335	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15,850	7,925	7,935	0	0	0
Burmese	3,585	1,795	1,790	0	0	0
Karenic languages	4,705	2,355	2,350	0	0	0
Tibetan	6,165	3,080	3,080	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	1,400	695	705	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	22,010	8,870	13,145	10	0	5
Lao	12,670	6,145	6,525	0	0	0
Thai	9,255	2,690	6,565	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	80	35	55	0	0	0
Turkic languages	40,140	21,120	19,025	5	5	5
Azerbaijani	3,260	1,785	1,470	0	0	0
Turkish	32,815	17,375	15,440	5	0	0
Uyghur	1,035	510	525	0	0	0
Uzbek	1,715	855	865	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	1,315	590	720	0	0	0
Uralic languages	81,985	37,790	44,195	85	45	45
Estonian	5,445	2,325	3,115	10	5	0
Finnish	15,295	6,395	8,900	5	5	0
Hungarian	61,235	29,060	32,175	75	35	35
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	3,690	2,045	1,645	5	5	5
Multiple responses	818,635	398,325	420,305	1,430	670	760
English and French	165,320	80,460	84,860	1,110	520	590
English and non-official language	533,265	259,160	274,100	255	115	135
French and non-official language	86,150	42,170	43,985	30	15	15
English, French and non-official language	33,900	16,535	17,365	40	20	15
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085	58,620	28,485	30,135
Single responses	33,103,860	16,298,475	16,805,395	57,045	27,755	29,290
Official languages	29,106,670	14,383,020	14,723,645	55,595	27,040	28,555
English	22,162,865	10,966,135	11,196,730	50,275	24,650	25,625
French	6,943,800	3,416,890	3,526,910	5,315	2,390	2,930
Non-official languages	3,997,195	1,915,450	2,081,750	1,450	715	735
Aboriginal languages	118,470	59,720	58,750	25	15	10
Algonquian languages	75,080	37,825	37,260	5	0	0
Blackfoot	1,115	555	555	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	55,825	28,135	27,685	0	0	0
Atikamekw	5,465	2,825	2,640	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	8,590	4,195	4,395	0	0	0
Moose Cree	10	5	5	0	0	0
Naskapi	1,200	595	605	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	110	55	60	0	0	0
Plains Cree	1,350	665	685	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	20	5	15	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	330	140	190	0	0	0
Woods Cree	800	410	390	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	37,945	19,240	18,710	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	3,615	1,795	1,820	0	0	0
Malecite	55	30	30	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	3,560	1,770	1,795	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	14,525	7,335	7,190	5	5	0
Algonquin	370	170	200	0	0	0
Ojibway	6,175	3,165	3,015	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	7,900	3,960	3,940	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	75	40	35	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10,265	5,125	5,135	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10,255	5,120	5,135	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Beaver	50	30	20	0	0	0
Carrier	245	115	130	0	0	0
Chilcotin	255	125	130	0	0	0
Dene	7,710	3,805	3,905	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	1,020	550	475	0	0	0
Gwich'in	45	25	25	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sekani	15	10	5	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	820	425	395	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	340	180	155	0	0	0
South Slavey	370	190	185	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	105	55	55	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	25	15	15	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	25	10	10	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	5	5	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	30	15	15	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	25	15	10	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	10	0	5	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Haida	10	5	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	29,490	14,995	14,495	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	165	75	90	0	0	0
Inuktitut	29,230	14,885	14,345	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	90	40	55	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	285	135	155	15	10	10
Cayuga	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mohawk	255	115	140	15	10	10
Oneida	15	5	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kutenai	15	10	5	0	0	0
Michif	85	40	45	0	0	0
Salish languages	285	130	150	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	45	20	25	0	0	0
Lillooet	25	15	10	0	0	0
Okanagan	85	35	45	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	55	30	20	0	0	0
Squamish	5	0	5	0	0	0
Straits	20	10	15	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages	2,225	1,085	1,140	0	0	0
Dakota	255	140	120	0	0	0
Stoney	1,950	940	1,010	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0	0	0
Tlingit	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	410	210	190	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	315	155	155	0	0	0
Nisga'a	70	40	30	0	0	0
Tsimshian	25	15	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	75	45	35	0	0	0
Haisla	20	10	15	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	30	15	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	235	110	125	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,878,725	1,855,730	2,022,995	1,430	700	725
Afro-Asiatic languages	307,755	153,275	154,480	80	40	40
Berber languages	8,105	4,215	3,895	0	0	0
Kabyle	5,490	2,855	2,640	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	2,620	1,365	1,260	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	27,095	12,455	14,640	0	0	0
Bilen	620	330	285	0	0	0
Oromo	3,410	1,700	1,710	0	0	0
Somali	22,895	10,340	12,555	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	185	85	95	0	0	0
Semitic languages	272,100	136,390	135,720	80	35	40
Amharic	12,780	6,010	6,770	5	5	5
Arabic	223,540	112,690	110,850	70	35	35
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10,510	5,090	5,425	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	3,445	1,695	1,750	0	0	0
Harari	735	335	400	0	0	0
Hebrew	8,560	4,425	4,135	0	0	0
Maltese	1,130	525	605	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10,205	5,040	5,170	5	0	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	1,200	585	620	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	440	215	230	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	115,210	53,500	61,710	40	20	25
Khmer (Cambodian)	10,880	4,940	5,945	0	0	0
Vietnamese	104,245	48,525	55,725	45	20	25
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	85	40	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	239,785	108,110	131,680	10	5	5
Bikol	290	140	155	0	0	0
Cebuano	7,210	3,325	3,880	0	0	0
Fijian	195	105	90	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	2,205	970	1,240	0	0	0
Ilocano	9,125	4,045	5,080	0	0	0
Malagasy	435	220	210	0	0	0
Malay	3,620	1,710	1,910	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,200	565	630	0	0	0
Pangasinan	240	110	135	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	213,790	96,235	117,555	10	5	5
Waray-Waray	310	135	170	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,160	545	620	0	0	0
Creole languages	27,860	12,005	15,850	10	5	5
Haitian Creole	1,280	575	705	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	24,575	10,510	14,060	10	5	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	2,005	920	1,085	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	122,490	59,780	62,710	290	150	135
Kannada	1,630	825	800	0	0	0
Malayalam	15,440	7,865	7,575	10	5	5
Tamil	96,955	46,570	50,385	280	150	135
Telugu	8,280	4,430	3,850	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	190	85	105	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	340	160	180	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,911,215	927,225	983,985	850	415	435
Albanian	13,135	6,575	6,560	0	0	0
Armenian	21,505	10,165	11,345	5	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	314,965	149,315	165,650	45	25	25
Baltic languages	3,275	1,400	1,870	0	0	0
Latvian	1,255	530	725	0	0	0
Lithuanian	2,020	870	1,150	0	0	0
Slavic languages	311,690	147,910	163,780	45	25	25
Belarusan	230	105	120	0	0	0
Bosnian	6,045	3,010	3,040	0	0	0
Bulgarian	11,985	5,835	6,150	5	0	0
Croatian	16,775	7,980	8,795	0	5	0
Czech	6,235	3,060	3,180	5	0	0
Macedonian	6,830	3,250	3,580	0	0	0
Polish	74,780	34,910	39,870	15	5	10
Russian	116,595	55,175	61,425	15	10	10
Serbian	31,750	15,665	16,085	5	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	3,885	1,865	2,020	0	0	0
Slovak	5,615	2,685	2,920	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	2,050	905	1,145	0	0	0
Ukrainian	28,250	13,150	15,100	0	5	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	670	310	360	0	0	0
Celtic languages	360	205	155	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	185	105	80	0	0	0
Welsh	95	50	45	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	80	50	30	0	0	0
Germanic languages	146,455	71,835	74,615	35	15	20
Afrikaans	4,790	2,355	2,435	0	0	0
Danish	855	410	445	0	0	0
Dutch	9,565	4,630	4,935	10	0	10
Frisian	185	95	90	0	0	0
German	120,335	58,905	61,435	25	15	15
Icelandic	270	120	150	0	0	0
Norwegian	345	145	200	0	0	0
Swedish	1,045	500	545	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	355	170	185	0	0	0
Yiddish	7,080	3,695	3,385	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	1,625	820	810	0	0	0
Greek	44,545	21,110	23,440	30	10	15
Indo-Iranian languages	838,755	416,960	421,795	595	285	305
Indo-Aryan languages	676,185	337,440	338,745	495	245	250
Bengali	47,350	23,585	23,765	20	15	10
Gujarati	64,150	31,740	32,405	25	15	10
Hindi	55,510	27,805	27,710	15	0	10
Kashmiri	135	70	70	0	0	0
Konkani	720	355	370	0	0	0
Marathi	3,780	1,940	1,840	0	0	0
Nepali	13,375	6,710	6,670	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	470	235	240	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	349,145	174,905	174,240	55	30	25
Sindhi	4,975	2,280	2,695	5	5	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	7,790	3,860	3,925	5	0	5
Urdu	128,785	63,965	64,820	375	180	195
Iranian languages	160,195	78,310	81,880	95	40	50
Kurdish	6,580	3,400	3,175	0	0	0
Pashto	10,590	5,305	5,290	50	20	25
Persian (Farsi)	143,020	69,600	73,425	40	20	25
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	2,375	1,215	1,160	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	531,485	251,050	280,440	140	70	70
Catalan	355	165	190	0	0	0
Italian	115,415	49,975	65,440	40	20	20
Portuguese	98,710	46,915	51,795	10	5	5
Romanian	53,320	25,795	27,525	20	10	10
Spanish	263,510	128,110	135,400	70	30	35
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	180	85	95	0	0	0
Japanese	19,785	8,265	11,515	5	0	5
Kartvelian languages	1,040	565	475	0	0	0
Georgian	1,035	565	475	0	0	0
Korean	109,705	51,385	58,320	10	0	10
Mongolic languages	910	440	470	0	0	0
Mongolian	910	435	470	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	28,665	13,340	15,320	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	5,990	2,695	3,295	0	0	0
Bamanankan	340	180	160	0	0	0
Edo	415	175	240	0	0	0
Ewe	410	185	225	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	825	400	425	0	0	0
Ga	250	105	140	0	0	0
Ganda	345	160	185	0	0	0
Igbo	1,000	485	510	0	0	0
Lingala	1,045	455	590	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	2,110	990	1,115	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,530	670	865	0	0	0
Shona	1,035	475	560	0	0	0
Swahili	5,370	2,500	2,870	0	0	0
Wolof	1,380	745	635	0	0	0
Yoruba	2,615	1,275	1,340	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	4,010	1,850	2,160	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	2,650	1,305	1,350	0	5	0
Dinka	1,130	580	550	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	1,525	730	800	0	5	0
Sign languages	10,445	5,870	4,570	20	10	10
American Sign Language	3,015	1,560	1,460	5	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	730	375	355	5	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	6,690	3,935	2,755	10	10	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	924,720	433,530	491,190	90	45	40
Chinese languages	913,365	427,860	485,505	90	40	45
Cantonese	400,215	184,340	215,885	50	30	25
Hakka	4,080	1,820	2,265	0	0	0
Mandarin	462,890	220,075	242,815	30	15	15
Min Dong	345	150	195	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	13,965	6,345	7,625	0	0	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	7,650	3,580	4,075	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	23,935	11,440	12,500	5	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	280	130	150	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	11,350	5,670	5,680	0	0	0
Burmese	2,245	1,115	1,125	0	0	0
Karenic languages	3,865	1,935	1,930	0	0	0
Tibetan	4,590	2,305	2,280	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	655	305	345	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	9,565	4,455	5,110	0	0	0
Lao	6,175	2,995	3,180	0	0	0
Thai	3,360	1,450	1,915	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	30	15	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages	22,250	11,205	11,045	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	1,245	640	610	0	0	0
Turkish	18,955	9,525	9,430	0	0	0
Uyghur	610	315	290	0	0	0
Uzbek	990	505	490	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	455	230	225	0	0	0
Uralic languages	23,245	10,715	12,535	20	10	10
Estonian	975	365	610	5	0	0
Finnish	2,790	1,220	1,565	0	0	0
Hungarian	19,485	9,125	10,355	20	10	10
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	1,110	605	500	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,663,390	802,695	860,690	1,575	725	845
English and French	160,185	77,940	82,235	900	395	505
English and non-official language	1,284,975	620,375	664,600	595	295	305
French and non-official language	148,915	70,915	78,000	20	10	10
English, French and non-official language	69,315	33,465	35,850	60	30	30
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	34,767,255	17,101,165	17,666,080	58,620	28,480	30,135
None	29,615,245	14,612,175	15,003,065	47,900	23,615	24,280
English	2,109,340	1,045,215	1,064,120	3,475	1,575	1,900
French	731,095	342,245	388,855	6,130	2,755	3,375
Non-official language	2,151,690	1,023,940	1,127,750	990	465	530
Aboriginal	90,740	42,890	47,850	115	50	65
Non-Aboriginal	2,060,945	981,055	1,079,895	875	415	465
English and French	47,970	23,785	24,190	30	20	10
English and non-official language	61,075	30,045	31,030	30	20	15
French and non-official language	48,755	22,690	26,065	55	30	25
English, French and non-official language	2,080	1,075	1,010	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,355	48,820	23,505	25,315
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,190	46,920	22,595	24,320
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,204	40,782	28,860	28,390	33,232	24,844
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175	46,930	22,595	24,335
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,866	35,933	26,621	26,384	30,314	23,575
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	24,583,315	12,296,595	12,286,725	38,835	19,275	19,560
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,762	39,925	26,613	26,887	32,292	21,933
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	19,743,240	8,755,815	10,987,430	37,315	17,065	20,245
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,453	4,199	6,136	9,104	8,620	9,524
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	20,428,685	10,547,760	9,880,925	30,400	15,875	14,520
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,684	39,836	28,474	28,062	31,438	24,881
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585	48,820	23,505	25,315
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	27,489,395	13,441,555	14,047,845	46,935	22,580	24,355
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,487	56,740	38,632	36,109	41,181	31,406
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	27,500,230	13,446,230	14,053,995	46,940	22,580	24,360
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,977	45,404	32,828	31,385	35,239	27,812
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	24,584,065	12,295,015	12,289,055	38,800	19,230	19,565
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,885	56,803	36,962	34,390	40,119	28,759
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	19,742,130	8,752,070	10,990,060	37,170	16,905	20,265
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,738	7,345	8,050	9,698	9,367	9,975
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	20,428,670	10,542,540	9,886,130	30,400	15,800	14,600
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,057	54,369	37,193	34,954	39,228	30,328
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585	48,820	23,505	25,310
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	9,367,045	5,231,015	4,136,035	13,825	7,820	6,010
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	53,431	59,326	47,420	44,901	48,496	41,142
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	65,997	74,289	55,510	52,826	56,998	47,395
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	88.3	91.6	83.7	78.8	83.1	73.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	72.0	75.2	67.7	62.3	65.8	58.1
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	11.7	8.4	16.3	21.2	16.9	26.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360	48,820	23,505	25,315
Without total income	1,154,450	546,285	608,165	1,900	910	995
With total income	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,195	46,915	22,595	24,320
Percentage with total income	96.0	96.1	95.8	96.1	96.1	96.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,877,620	1,668,960	2,208,655	5,955	2,550	3,405
$10,000 to $19,999	4,680,380	1,867,600	2,812,785	10,270	4,125	6,145
$20,000 to $29,999	3,807,840	1,593,335	2,214,505	8,350	3,635	4,715
$30,000 to $39,999	3,206,175	1,472,670	1,733,510	6,445	3,050	3,395
$40,000 to $49,999	2,827,045	1,376,565	1,450,480	5,070	2,620	2,450
$50,000 to $59,999	2,179,775	1,145,685	1,034,090	3,445	1,990	1,455
$60,000 to $69,999	1,655,070	938,755	716,310	2,420	1,500	920
$70,000 to $79,999	1,271,850	745,830	526,015	1,460	925	535
$80,000 to $89,999	966,885	579,290	387,590	1,015	610	405
$90,000 to $99,999	749,290	452,240	297,050	910	485	425
$100,000 and over	2,266,600	1,603,400	663,195	1,580	1,110	475
$100,000 to $149,999	1,493,570	1,024,210	469,365	1,250	850	400
$150,000 and over	773,025	579,190	193,830	335	255	75
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360	48,820	23,505	25,310
Without after-tax income	1,143,795	541,620	602,175	1,890	910	985
With after-tax income	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175	46,925	22,595	24,335
Percentage with after-tax income	96.0	96.1	95.9	96.1	96.1	96.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,004,475	1,706,825	2,297,645	6,150	2,600	3,545
$10,000 to $19,999	4,905,055	1,972,920	2,932,130	10,670	4,265	6,400
$20,000 to $29,999	4,489,925	1,926,175	2,563,755	9,620	4,320	5,305
$30,000 to $39,999	3,924,960	1,870,705	2,054,250	7,445	3,680	3,765
$40,000 to $49,999	3,144,200	1,619,670	1,524,525	5,165	2,775	2,385
$50,000 to $59,999	2,209,280	1,245,570	963,705	3,225	2,015	1,205
$60,000 to $69,999	1,540,300	912,230	628,065	1,740	1,105	635
$70,000 to $79,999	1,076,180	654,570	421,610	1,265	705	560
$80,000 and over	2,204,820	1,540,335	664,485	1,655	1,130	525
$80,000 to $89,999	688,705	444,550	244,145	765	465	300
$90,000 to $99,999	420,975	291,090	129,885	340	245	95
$100,000 and over	1,095,140	804,690	290,445	550	420	130
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	28,642,980	13,990,625	14,652,360	48,820	23,505	25,310
Without employment income	8,214,295	3,442,860	4,771,430	18,420	7,625	10,795
With employment income	20,428,690	10,547,760	9,880,925	30,395	15,875	14,520
Percentage with employment income	71.3	75.4	67.4	62.3	67.5	57.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,778,990	1,357,430	1,421,560	4,920	2,630	2,290
$5,000 to $9,999	1,602,140	697,025	905,120	2,660	1,180	1,480
$10,000 to $19,999	2,736,010	1,212,855	1,523,155	4,375	1,975	2,400
$20,000 to $29,999	2,293,785	1,022,090	1,271,695	4,015	1,885	2,130
$30,000 to $39,999	2,149,860	1,001,065	1,148,795	3,925	1,895	2,030
$40,000 to $49,999	1,928,565	946,625	981,940	3,135	1,695	1,440
$50,000 to $59,999	1,554,100	839,045	715,055	2,190	1,325	865
$60,000 to $69,999	1,220,310	708,270	512,040	1,525	985	540
$70,000 to $79,999	992,170	591,945	400,225	1,000	630	365
$80,000 and over	3,172,770	2,171,415	1,001,355	2,660	1,675	980
$80,000 to $89,999	773,755	475,700	298,055	745	435	305
$90,000 to $99,999	623,980	382,330	241,650	765	385	380
$100,000 and over	1,775,030	1,313,385	461,645	1,150	850	300
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	14,072,080	...	...	26,080	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	70,336	...	...	51,712	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	61,348	...	...	47,542	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	3,969,790	...	...	8,250	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,174	...	...	25,653	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,446	...	...	24,294	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	10,102,290	...	...	17,830	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	88,249	...	...	67,398	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	76,419	...	...	61,064	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	14,072,075	...	...	26,080	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	92,764	...	...	64,976	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	76,171	...	...	56,482	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,967,765	...	...	8,250	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	46,799	...	...	35,691	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	38,685	...	...	30,565	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	10,104,315	...	...	17,830	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	110,813	...	...	78,525	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	90,890	...	...	68,472	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	14,072,075	...	...	26,080	...	...
Under $5,000	228,790	...	...	280	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	200,315	...	...	430	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	374,575	...	...	1,230	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	565,940	...	...	1,630	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	602,800	...	...	1,765	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	538,710	...	...	1,510	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	603,480	...	...	1,600	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	606,600	...	...	1,520	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	596,110	...	...	1,365	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	578,325	...	...	1,310	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,097,345	...	...	2,270	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,010,415	...	...	2,025	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	924,320	...	...	1,715	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	836,765	...	...	1,430	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	745,655	...	...	1,200	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,561,920	...	...	4,800	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,470,255	...	...	2,105	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,016,245	...	...	1,160	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,116,140	...	...	995	...	...
$200,000 and over	959,285	...	...	540	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	14,072,075	...	...	26,085	...	...
Under $5,000	243,780	...	...	290	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	203,865	...	...	435	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	380,680	...	...	1,235	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	591,660	...	...	1,705	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	673,740	...	...	1,960	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	628,225	...	...	1,660	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	719,825	...	...	1,770	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	725,675	...	...	1,690	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	711,180	...	...	1,535	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	691,695	...	...	1,480	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,299,680	...	...	2,645	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,169,515	...	...	2,195	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,041,635	...	...	1,810	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	900,055	...	...	1,425	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	757,295	...	...	1,075	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,333,575	...	...	3,175	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,371,945	...	...	1,655	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	809,540	...	...	750	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,152,090	...	...	770	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	9,688,845	...	...	17,235	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	88,306	...	...	67,697	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	76,372	...	...	61,302	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	3,706,220	...	...	7,695	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	78,976	...	...	65,839	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	68,309	...	...	59,302	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	4,222,140	...	...	5,985	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	113,465	...	...	90,022	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	96,608	...	...	79,689	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,481,410	...	...	3,105	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,193	...	...	40,293	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,856	...	...	39,156	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	9,689,855	...	...	17,215	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	111,235	...	...	78,976	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	91,040	...	...	68,785	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	3,706,400	...	...	7,710	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	101,086	...	...	73,782	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	82,296	...	...	64,043	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	4,225,855	...	...	5,935	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	137,094	...	...	101,769	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,307	...	...	87,586	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,477,190	...	...	3,120	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	65,549	...	...	48,753	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	56,687	...	...	44,740	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	5,313,545	2,608,845	2,704,705	9,930	4,670	5,255
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	31,890	34,483	29,801	24,648	25,704	24,096
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	28,959	30,746	27,495	23,545	24,034	23,259
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	5,299,050	2,596,985	2,702,070	9,925	4,645	5,280
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	42,939	46,085	39,915	33,779	35,573	32,201
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	35,801	37,724	33,952	29,130	30,053	28,319
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	34,460,065	16,971,550	17,488,515	58,130	28,255	29,875
In the bottom half of the distribution	17,229,835	8,256,970	8,972,865	36,950	17,500	19,455
In the bottom decile	3,445,950	1,672,900	1,773,050	8,095	3,805	4,290
In the second decile	3,445,660	1,564,965	1,880,700	9,130	4,115	5,020
In the third decile	3,446,165	1,641,930	1,804,235	7,280	3,465	3,820
In the fourth decile	3,445,850	1,677,120	1,768,730	6,390	3,145	3,245
In the fifth decile	3,446,210	1,700,060	1,746,150	6,055	2,975	3,085
In the top half of the distribution	17,230,230	8,714,580	8,515,650	21,180	10,760	10,420
In the sixth decile	3,445,695	1,716,510	1,729,185	5,625	2,805	2,820
In the seventh decile	3,446,470	1,730,975	1,715,500	5,125	2,635	2,490
In the eighth decile	3,445,940	1,741,640	1,704,300	4,355	2,185	2,165
In the ninth decile	3,446,045	1,751,850	1,694,195	3,755	1,915	1,840
In the top decile	3,446,080	1,773,600	1,672,475	2,320	1,220	1,100
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	33,968,295	16,724,265	17,244,035	58,130	28,255	29,875
0 to 17 years	6,836,380	3,504,250	3,332,125	11,225	5,770	5,455
0 to 5 years	2,228,770	1,142,505	1,086,270	3,690	1,915	1,775
18 to 64 years	21,695,090	10,690,090	11,005,005	34,730	16,895	17,835
65 years and over	5,436,830	2,529,930	2,906,905	12,180	5,595	6,580
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,809,940	2,243,200	2,566,740	13,155	6,030	7,125
0 to 17 years	1,163,830	597,570	566,255	3,590	1,835	1,750
0 to 5 years	396,095	203,055	193,030	1,450	745	700
18 to 64 years	2,855,290	1,341,590	1,513,700	7,535	3,450	4,085
65 years and over	790,825	304,040	486,780	2,035	745	1,285
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.2	13.4	14.9	22.6	21.3	23.8
0 to 17 years (%)	17.0	17.1	17.0	32.0	31.8	32.1
0 to 5 years (%)	17.8	17.8	17.8	39.3	38.9	39.4
18 to 64 years (%)	13.2	12.5	13.8	21.7	20.4	22.9
65 years and over (%)	14.5	12.0	16.7	16.7	13.3	19.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,128,995	1,519,370	1,609,630	5,795	2,780	3,015
0 to 17 years	696,025	357,255	338,770	1,455	735	720
0 to 5 years	236,435	121,170	115,260	610	315	300
18 to 64 years	2,157,745	1,057,585	1,100,160	4,110	1,970	2,135
65 years and over	275,225	104,525	170,695	230	70	160
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.2	9.1	9.3	10.0	9.8	10.1
0 to 17 years (%)	10.2	10.2	10.2	13.0	12.7	13.2
0 to 5 years (%)	10.6	10.6	10.6	16.5	16.4	16.9
18 to 64 years (%)	9.9	9.9	10.0	11.8	11.7	12.0
65 years and over (%)	5.1	4.1	5.9	1.9	1.3	2.4
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	58,130	28,260	29,875
Official languages	33,818,210	16,709,290	17,108,920	57,965	28,190	29,770
English	29,748,265	14,806,270	14,941,995	57,500	27,985	29,510
French	10,242,945	4,952,455	5,290,495	23,695	10,860	12,840
Non-official languages	9,369,280	4,488,185	4,881,090	4,310	2,025	2,285
Aboriginal languages	263,845	127,550	136,295	200	110	90
Algonquian languages	177,570	85,505	92,065	30	20	10
Blackfoot	5,645	2,695	2,950	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	116,585	56,515	60,070	0	0	0
Atikamekw	6,640	3,335	3,305	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	11,440	5,500	5,945	0	0	0
Moose Cree	195	80	115	0	0	0
Naskapi	1,465	710	755	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	545	225	320	0	0	0
Plains Cree	5,905	2,705	3,200	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	40	30	10	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	2,345	995	1,350	0	0	0
Woods Cree	2,665	1,230	1,435	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	86,115	42,080	44,035	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	9,765	4,710	5,050	20	15	10
Malecite	755	370	390	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	9,025	4,350	4,670	20	10	10
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	46,685	22,100	24,585	0	0	0
Algonquin	2,480	1,165	1,315	0	0	0
Ojibway	28,585	13,365	15,220	10	10	0
Oji-Cree	15,610	7,575	8,030	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	205	105	105	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	120	60	60	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	23,655	11,340	12,320	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	23,570	11,300	12,265	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	210	105	100	0	0	0
Beaver	340	180	165	0	0	0
Carrier	2,105	955	1,145	0	0	0
Chilcotin	1,150	535	610	0	0	0
Dene	13,060	6,270	6,790	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	2,375	1,210	1,165	0	0	0
Gwich'in	360	165	200	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	150	60	90	0	0	0
Sekani	185	85	100	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	2,815	1,340	1,475	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	1,010	475	530	0	0	0
South Slavey	1,365	660	710	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	680	320	360	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	630	340	285	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	365	205	170	0	0	0
Tahltan	270	140	130	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	420	160	260	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	285	115	170	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	145	50	95	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	85	35	50	0	0	0
Haida	465	205	260	0	0	0
Inuit languages	42,980	21,355	21,630	10	0	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	1,975	895	1,080	0	0	0
Inuktitut	40,620	20,280	20,340	10	10	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	470	225	240	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	2,800	1,240	1,555	160	80	75
Cayuga	125	40	85	0	0	0
Mohawk	2,415	1,120	1,295	160	80	75
Oneida	180	60	125	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	115	45	75	0	0	0
Kutenai	175	95	80	0	0	0
Michif	1,210	585	625	0	0	0
Salish languages	5,750	2,730	3,015	0	0	0
Comox	185	75	110	0	0	0
Halkomelem	1,060	475	585	0	0	0
Lillooet	790	405	385	0	0	0
Okanagan	820	370	450	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	1,305	640	665	0	0	0
Squamish	285	125	155	0	0	0
Straits	360	160	200	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	450	220	235	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	565	295	270	0	0	0
Siouan languages	5,430	2,665	2,770	0	0	0
Dakota	1,760	870	890	0	0	0
Stoney	3,675	1,805	1,875	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	140	70	70	0	0	0
Tlingit	260	140	120	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	2,730	1,350	1,380	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	1,305	645	660	0	0	0
Nisga'a	1,060	545	515	0	0	0
Tsimshian	410	180	235	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	1,490	680	805	0	0	0
Haisla	175	65	110	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	125	50	75	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	605	285	320	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	565	265	300	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	665	310	360	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	9,107,075	4,361,420	4,745,660	4,125	1,930	2,200
Afro-Asiatic languages	837,355	432,560	404,795	210	85	125
Berber languages	29,460	15,745	13,715	0	0	0
Kabyle	17,120	9,100	8,015	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	12,505	6,735	5,775	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	57,125	26,870	30,250	0	0	0
Bilen	1,085	625	470	0	0	0
Oromo	6,245	3,070	3,175	0	0	0
Somali	49,665	23,070	26,590	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	480	220	265	0	0	0
Semitic languages	771,130	400,780	370,350	210	85	120
Amharic	33,670	16,675	16,995	10	0	10
Arabic	629,055	329,235	299,820	185	80	105
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	19,745	9,720	10,020	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	7,115	3,505	3,610	0	0	0
Harari	1,710	855	860	0	0	0
Hebrew	75,020	38,730	36,290	10	0	10
Maltese	7,625	3,760	3,870	0	0	0
Tigrigna	21,340	10,640	10,705	10	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	3,220	1,655	1,565	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	2,775	1,440	1,335	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	224,865	105,845	119,020	40	20	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	27,035	12,640	14,400	0	0	0
Vietnamese	198,895	93,735	105,155	40	20	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	190	70	120	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	656,200	273,075	383,125	95	30	65
Bikol	2,075	885	1,190	10	0	0
Cebuano	27,045	10,960	16,085	10	0	0
Fijian	1,660	955	705	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	7,925	3,200	4,720	0	0	0
Ilocano	34,530	13,805	20,730	0	0	10
Malagasy	2,335	1,120	1,220	0	0	0
Malay	22,470	10,370	12,100	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5,425	2,445	2,980	0	0	0
Pangasinan	1,800	790	1,015	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	612,735	253,210	359,530	95	30	65
Waray-Waray	1,395	530	860	10	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5,585	2,540	3,040	0	0	0
Creole languages	155,615	70,545	85,070	30	10	20
Haitian Creole	6,850	3,140	3,710	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	133,045	59,890	73,160	35	10	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	16,635	7,955	8,675	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	250,180	126,220	123,960	410	235	180
Kannada	8,245	4,180	4,065	0	0	10
Malayalam	37,810	19,410	18,400	15	10	10
Tamil	189,860	94,640	95,220	395	220	175
Telugu	23,160	12,770	10,390	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	790	385	405	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	870	435	435	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	5,158,010	2,506,455	2,651,555	2,950	1,375	1,575
Albanian	31,930	16,140	15,790	0	0	0
Armenian	41,295	19,980	21,315	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	817,315	384,960	432,350	220	105	110
Baltic languages	14,675	6,470	8,205	15	10	0
Latvian	6,500	2,960	3,540	10	10	0
Lithuanian	8,185	3,510	4,675	10	10	0
Slavic languages	805,915	379,965	425,945	205	95	115
Belarusan	2,265	1,070	1,195	0	0	0
Bosnian	18,265	9,055	9,215	0	0	0
Bulgarian	22,425	10,920	11,505	0	0	0
Croatian	69,840	34,515	35,325	40	25	15
Czech	28,720	13,675	15,050	25	15	15
Macedonian	23,075	11,190	11,880	10	0	0
Polish	214,965	99,365	115,600	70	30	45
Russian	269,645	127,055	142,595	40	15	25
Serbian	73,775	37,040	36,740	15	10	10
Serbo-Croatian	11,275	5,525	5,750	0	0	0
Slovak	21,470	10,215	11,255	10	10	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	11,495	5,205	6,290	0	0	0
Ukrainian	132,115	58,820	73,300	35	15	25
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	3,000	1,590	1,405	0	0	0
Celtic languages	9,165	4,705	4,455	30	15	20
Scottish Gaelic	3,980	2,010	1,975	10	10	0
Welsh	1,690	830	860	10	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	3,590	1,915	1,680	15	0	10
Germanic languages	695,535	337,215	358,320	585	275	315
Afrikaans	23,410	11,795	11,610	10	0	0
Danish	15,745	7,320	8,425	15	0	10
Dutch	120,865	57,885	62,990	180	90	90
Frisian	2,910	1,515	1,395	15	10	10
German	502,730	245,745	256,985	370	190	185
Icelandic	1,780	830	945	0	0	0
Norwegian	8,120	3,860	4,260	15	0	20
Swedish	14,140	6,510	7,635	10	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	4,400	1,945	2,455	10	10	0
Yiddish	20,985	10,435	10,550	0	0	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	8,710	4,425	4,285	0	0	0
Greek	150,965	75,510	75,455	155	80	75
Indo-Iranian languages	1,658,220	840,850	817,365	1,220	575	640
Indo-Aryan languages	1,387,805	704,370	683,435	1,060	510	550
Bengali	91,220	46,935	44,285	130	70	60
Gujarati	149,045	74,765	74,285	80	30	50
Hindi	433,365	221,665	211,700	110	60	50
Kashmiri	905	490	420	0	0	0
Konkani	6,790	3,185	3,605	0	0	0
Marathi	15,570	8,200	7,365	10	0	0
Nepali	21,380	10,915	10,470	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	1,535	755	775	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	668,240	341,450	326,790	245	130	120
Sindhi	20,260	9,310	10,945	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	27,825	13,970	13,855	0	0	0
Urdu	322,220	164,685	157,535	790	375	420
Iranian languages	281,715	142,030	139,680	185	80	105
Kurdish	15,290	8,290	7,000	0	0	0
Pashto	23,180	12,465	10,715	65	35	30
Persian (Farsi)	252,320	126,565	125,755	115	45	75
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	8,875	4,715	4,155	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,897,630	898,530	999,100	825	370	450
Catalan	2,035	1,145	890	0	0	0
Italian	574,725	278,500	296,225	230	120	110
Portuguese	295,955	144,465	151,485	40	20	20
Romanian	115,050	55,275	59,770	40	20	20
Spanish	995,255	460,250	535,010	580	250	325
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	2,680	1,610	1,075	0	0	10
Japanese	83,090	36,760	46,335	25	15	15
Kartvelian languages	2,150	1,075	1,075	0	0	10
Georgian	2,150	1,080	1,070	0	0	10
Korean	172,755	80,170	92,590	10	10	0
Mongolic languages	2,090	960	1,130	0	0	0
Mongolian	2,090	960	1,130	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	177,215	88,135	89,080	35	25	10
Akan (Twi)	22,145	10,810	11,340	0	0	0
Bamanankan	3,190	1,660	1,530	0	0	0
Edo	3,220	1,510	1,705	0	0	0
Ewe	3,000	1,685	1,315	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	4,725	2,460	2,260	0	0	0
Ga	2,250	1,140	1,110	0	0	0
Ganda	2,495	1,175	1,320	0	10	0
Igbo	8,850	4,710	4,140	0	0	0
Lingala	17,010	7,865	9,145	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	8,590	4,075	4,515	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	7,860	3,600	4,260	0	0	0
Shona	5,425	2,530	2,905	0	0	0
Swahili	38,680	19,565	19,115	15	10	0
Wolof	8,240	4,455	3,785	0	0	0
Yoruba	22,420	11,475	10,940	10	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40,760	20,375	20,385	15	10	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	7,015	3,520	3,495	0	0	0
Dinka	2,475	1,280	1,190	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	4,555	2,240	2,315	0	0	0
Sign languages	48,115	18,985	29,130	125	35	90
American Sign Language	21,930	7,780	14,155	50	0	45
Quebec Sign Language	4,665	1,665	3,005	20	10	15
Sign languages, n.i.e.	22,275	9,835	12,440	50	20	35
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,430,440	672,100	758,340	150	90	60
Chinese languages	1,413,110	663,465	749,640	150	90	60
Cantonese	699,125	325,840	373,285	85	60	25
Hakka	12,445	5,555	6,890	0	0	0
Mandarin	814,450	377,635	436,815	45	15	30
Min Dong	1,045	440	600	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	42,840	19,005	23,835	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	16,530	7,490	9,040	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	41,690	19,995	21,690	20	20	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	590	250	340	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	18,270	9,100	9,175	0	0	0
Burmese	4,995	2,490	2,500	0	0	0
Karenic languages	4,895	2,425	2,475	0	0	0
Tibetan	7,050	3,555	3,490	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	2,375	1,160	1,220	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	30,400	13,210	17,195	10	0	10
Lao	17,235	8,240	8,990	0	0	0
Thai	15,390	5,875	9,520	0	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	115	50	65	0	0	0
Turkic languages	60,530	31,585	28,945	50	10	45
Azerbaijani	5,450	2,885	2,565	0	0	0
Turkish	50,775	26,605	24,165	25	0	25
Uyghur	1,385	685	700	0	0	0
Uzbek	2,465	1,230	1,235	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	1,870	905	965	25	0	20
Uralic languages	94,810	44,270	50,545	80	40	40
Estonian	6,070	2,750	3,315	0	0	0
Finnish	17,595	7,540	10,050	10	0	10
Hungarian	71,285	34,005	37,280	70	35	35
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	9,730	5,375	4,355	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490	58,130	28,255	29,875
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	32,034,590	15,799,495	16,235,090	57,115	27,830	29,290
Canadian citizens aged under 18	6,652,795	3,412,785	3,240,010	11,075	5,735	5,340
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	25,381,795	12,386,710	12,995,080	46,040	22,090	23,950
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	2,425,480	1,172,085	1,253,400	1,015	425	590
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	58,130	28,260	29,875
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	26,412,610	13,124,325	13,288,290	54,065	26,365	27,700
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	7,540,830	3,586,495	3,954,330	3,900	1,810	2,090
Before 1981	1,941,510	927,795	1,013,715	1,790	850	940
1981 to 1990	915,555	439,245	476,310	425	205	225
1991 to 2000	1,486,655	696,720	789,940	605	275	325
2001 to 2010	1,985,035	940,570	1,044,465	790	345	445
2001 to 2005	928,935	439,890	489,050	425	200	230
2006 to 2010	1,056,095	500,680	555,415	360	145	215
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	1,212,075	582,175	629,895	295	135	155
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	506,625	260,755	245,870	165	75	85
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	7,540,830	3,586,500	3,954,335	3,900	1,810	2,090
Under 5 years	731,340	364,165	367,175	525	280	245
5 to 14 years	1,311,810	665,870	645,945	780	370	410
15 to 24 years	1,604,430	724,430	880,005	955	410	545
25 to 44 years	3,198,920	1,513,970	1,684,950	1,455	675	775
45 years and over	694,320	318,060	376,260	190	85	110
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	7,540,830	3,586,495	3,954,330	3,900	1,815	2,090
Americas	1,128,745	510,650	618,100	685	255	430
Brazil	29,320	13,235	16,080	0	0	0
Colombia	70,035	32,065	37,965	0	0	0
El Salvador	48,080	23,865	24,215	10	10	0
Guyana	87,685	38,940	48,745	25	0	20
Haiti	93,480	40,955	52,525	25	10	10
Jamaica	138,345	59,960	78,390	15	0	10
Mexico	80,585	37,530	43,055	20	0	15
Peru	29,615	12,950	16,665	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	65,040	29,325	35,710	25	10	10
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	253,715	113,505	140,215	525	190	335
Other places of birth in Americas	232,850	108,325	124,530	50	20	30
Europe	2,088,410	1,015,145	1,073,260	1,695	855	840
Bosnia and Herzegovina	36,135	18,050	18,085	0	0	0
Croatia	40,045	20,005	20,035	25	15	10
France	105,565	55,395	50,170	45	20	15
Germany	145,845	69,525	76,320	190	90	100
Greece	62,715	31,580	31,135	90	50	45
Hungary	36,820	17,945	18,875	55	25	30
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	28,325	14,355	13,970	25	15	15
Italy	236,640	118,595	118,040	120	60	60
Netherlands	88,475	45,185	43,295	145	75	75
Poland	146,465	66,450	80,020	40	15	15
Portugal	139,450	68,150	71,300	30	15	15
Romania	90,305	42,795	47,510	25	10	10
Russian Federation	78,685	34,265	44,420	10	10	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	33,320	16,325	17,000	0	0	0
Ukraine	73,030	33,360	39,665	10	0	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	499,115	243,225	255,890	720	355	360
Other places of birth in Europe	247,470	119,945	127,530	160	95	65
Africa	637,485	322,510	314,970	145	75	75
Algeria	64,620	33,920	30,705	0	0	10
Egypt	64,615	34,125	30,495	25	15	10
Ethiopia	32,790	15,980	16,810	15	0	10
Kenya	27,150	12,810	14,340	10	10	0
Morocco	69,655	36,120	33,535	15	10	10
Nigeria	42,430	21,830	20,600	0	0	0
Somalia	27,230	12,070	15,160	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	44,660	22,205	22,460	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Africa	264,320	133,450	130,870	70	30	45
Asia	3,629,160	1,709,985	1,919,175	1,350	615	740
Afghanistan	51,955	26,030	25,930	25	10	15
Bangladesh	58,735	29,875	28,865	65	35	30
China^{Census data footnote 59}	649,260	290,800	358,460	90	40	45
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	208,940	98,020	110,915	20	10	10
India	668,565	334,030	334,540	155	80	75
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	154,425	77,970	76,455	40	20	15
Iraq	68,485	34,785	33,705	20	10	15
Japan	27,240	7,955	19,285	10	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	123,305	57,170	66,140	0	0	10
Lebanon	88,745	47,295	41,450	35	10	25
Pakistan	202,260	103,225	99,035	440	195	250
Philippines	588,305	247,095	341,210	110	35	75
Sri Lanka	131,995	64,825	67,170	235	125	105
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	52,960	26,595	26,365	10	0	10
Taiwan	63,770	28,170	35,605	0	0	10
Viet Nam	169,250	78,000	91,250	35	10	20
Other places of birth in Asia	320,965	158,150	162,815	65	15	45
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	57,030	28,210	28,825	25	15	10
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	1,212,075	582,180	629,895	290	140	155
Americas	152,595	72,870	79,720	40	20	20
Brazil	8,500	4,000	4,490	0	0	0
Colombia	15,300	6,885	8,415	0	0	0
Cuba	5,370	2,545	2,820	10	10	0
Haiti	19,985	9,160	10,830	0	0	0
Jamaica	12,495	6,680	5,820	0	0	0
Mexico	18,660	9,090	9,575	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	33,060	16,480	16,580	35	15	20
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	6,425	2,990	3,435	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	32,790	15,040	17,750	0	0	0
Europe	140,030	70,995	69,035	45	20	20
France	24,150	13,000	11,150	25	15	10
Germany	6,300	3,255	3,045	10	0	10
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	5,660	3,540	2,120	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	5,900	2,735	3,165	0	0	0
Romania	7,610	3,330	4,280	0	0	0
Russian Federation	11,565	4,485	7,080	0	0	0
Ukraine	13,425	6,015	7,410	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	24,445	14,235	10,215	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	40,970	20,405	20,570	0	0	0
Africa	162,800	81,545	81,245	15	10	10
Algeria	17,175	8,440	8,735	0	0	0
Cameroon	10,265	5,005	5,255	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	7,400	3,570	3,835	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	6,240	3,030	3,210	0	0	0
Egypt	16,115	8,445	7,665	10	10	0
Eritrea	6,050	3,195	2,855	0	0	0
Ethiopia	7,510	3,625	3,890	0	0	0
Morocco	15,105	7,470	7,635	0	0	0
Nigeria	17,285	8,850	8,435	10	0	10
Somalia	5,335	2,600	2,730	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	5,765	2,935	2,830	0	0	0
Tunisia	6,700	3,475	3,230	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	41,855	20,905	20,950	0	0	0
Asia	748,700	352,095	396,610	185	80	105
Afghanistan	9,240	4,530	4,710	0	0	0
Bangladesh	12,900	6,445	6,460	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	129,020	57,745	71,270	25	15	10
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	4,975	2,090	2,880	0	0	0
India	147,190	75,145	72,045	45	20	25
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	42,070	20,580	21,490	15	15	10
Iraq	20,665	10,345	10,320	0	0	0
Israel	4,740	2,615	2,130	0	0	0
Japan	4,905	1,250	3,655	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	21,710	9,630	12,075	0	0	0
Lebanon	9,375	4,980	4,400	15	10	10
Nepal	7,505	3,780	3,715	0	0	0
Pakistan	41,480	20,530	20,945	20	0	15
Philippines	188,810	83,050	105,760	20	10	15
Saudi Arabia	5,465	2,820	2,640	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	11,495	5,190	6,305	20	0	15
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	29,945	15,245	14,700	10	0	0
Taiwan	4,310	1,685	2,625	0	0	0
Turkey	4,255	2,365	1,890	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	6,135	3,220	2,910	0	0	0
Viet Nam	11,210	4,500	6,705	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	31,320	14,345	16,970	20	10	15
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	7,955	4,670	3,280	10	10	0
Australia	4,965	2,950	2,010	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	2,990	1,720	1,270	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	34,460,060	16,971,575	17,488,485	58,135	28,260	29,875
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	8,219,555	3,936,045	4,283,505	4,215	1,980	2,235
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	6,100,725	3,053,075	3,047,650	5,800	2,795	3,005
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	20,139,790	9,982,460	10,157,330	48,115	23,485	24,635
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	5,703,615	2,709,530	2,994,085	2,180	995	1,185
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	2,994,130	1,496,240	1,497,885	680	330	350
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	1,220,755	755,370	465,380	250	160	95
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	1,773,380	740,870	1,032,510	425	165	260
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	1,782,490	728,085	1,054,400	880	320	560
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	858,845	453,675	405,175	540	315	230
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	68,145	31,530	36,615	80	35	45
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	58,130	28,255	29,875
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	1,673,785	813,520	860,265	2,365	1,090	1,275
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	1,629,805	792,970	836,835	2,275	1,035	1,240
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	977,235	471,510	505,725	1,505	730	775
Métis	587,545	289,435	298,115	685	275	405
Inuk (Inuit)	65,030	32,030	32,995	80	25	55
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	21,310	10,165	11,145	45	20	25
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	22,670	10,385	12,290	50	30	20
Non-Aboriginal identity	32,786,280	16,158,060	16,628,225	55,765	27,170	28,595
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490	58,130	28,260	29,875
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	820,120	395,670	424,445	1,135	555	575
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	33,639,945	16,575,905	17,064,040	56,995	27,700	29,295
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,490	58,130	28,260	29,875
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	727,790	356,970	370,815	730	345	385
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	709,235	347,985	361,245	715	340	375
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	573,215	280,040	293,180	600	315	285
Métis single ancestry	91,255	45,740	45,515	95	20	75
Inuit single ancestry	44,765	22,210	22,555	20	10	15
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	18,555	8,985	9,565	15	10	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	15,140	7,305	7,835	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	2,470	1,205	1,265	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	770	390	380	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	170	85	85	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	1,402,735	669,710	733,025	3,390	1,470	1,920
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	1,347,610	644,210	703,400	3,290	1,435	1,860
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	881,455	418,215	463,235	2,575	1,135	1,445
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	441,000	213,940	227,065	640	280	360
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25,155	12,045	13,105	75	25	50
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	55,125	25,505	29,625	95	35	60
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	49,325	22,740	26,585	95	30	65
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,470	1,655	1,815	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,005	940	1,065	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	325	170	160	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	32,329,545	15,944,900	16,384,645	54,010	26,440	27,565
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	58,130	28,260	29,875
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	7,674,580	3,725,090	3,949,495	2,915	1,435	1,480
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	1,924,635	977,690	946,945	1,535	780	750
Chinese	1,577,060	746,400	830,665	195	105	85
Black	1,198,540	580,070	618,475	450	225	225
Filipino	780,125	341,800	438,330	160	50	110
Latin American	447,325	215,460	231,860	70	25	40
Arab	523,235	276,425	246,810	110	65	50
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	313,260	148,880	164,385	85	30	55
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	264,305	133,475	130,825	155	70	90
Korean	188,710	89,110	99,600	20	20	0
Japanese	92,920	40,105	52,815	25	10	15
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	132,090	62,540	69,550	40	15	25
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	232,375	113,140	119,230	80	40	40
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	26,785,480	13,246,485	13,539,000	55,215	26,825	28,390
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	58,130	28,255	29,875
North American Aboriginal origins	2,130,520	1,026,675	1,103,840	4,125	1,810	2,310
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,525,570	731,410	794,155	3,285	1,485	1,800
Inuit	79,130	38,695	40,435	100	35	65
Métis	599,995	291,310	308,690	850	330	515
Other North American origins	11,628,535	5,745,695	5,882,835	31,000	14,940	16,060
Acadian	119,675	57,805	61,865	75	25	45
American	377,405	182,690	194,715	780	295	480
Canadian	11,135,965	5,501,595	5,634,370	30,435	14,700	15,735
New Brunswicker	1,490	800	685	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	22,215	11,420	10,800	20	10	15
Nova Scotian	3,700	1,770	1,930	0	0	0
Ontarian	3,925	1,980	1,945	15	15	10
Québécois	194,560	99,320	95,235	55	35	20
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	1,895	950	945	10	10	0
European origins	19,683,320	9,687,715	9,995,605	37,260	18,075	19,190
British Isles origins	11,211,850	5,474,735	5,737,115	24,385	11,805	12,575
Channel Islander	3,595	1,740	1,855	15	0	10
Cornish	1,975	995	975	10	10	0
English	6,320,085	3,069,515	3,250,570	11,790	5,560	6,225
Irish	4,627,000	2,195,620	2,431,385	10,290	4,890	5,400
Manx	6,125	3,090	3,040	0	0	0
Scottish	4,799,005	2,323,390	2,475,620	10,450	5,170	5,280
Welsh	474,805	226,600	248,210	695	325	375
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	644,695	307,090	337,610	1,115	490	620
French origins	4,680,820	2,283,480	2,397,340	18,895	8,895	10,000
Alsatian	2,800	1,300	1,495	0	0	0
Breton	11,845	5,765	6,080	15	0	10
Corsican	1,750	950	805	0	0	0
French	4,670,595	2,278,430	2,392,165	18,885	8,890	9,995
Western European origins (except French origins)	4,600,855	2,258,095	2,342,760	6,190	3,065	3,120
Austrian	207,050	100,775	106,275	95	35	55
Bavarian	940	485	455	0	0	0
Belgian	186,665	91,395	95,270	215	125	90
Dutch	1,111,655	546,565	565,090	2,075	1,090	990
Flemish	11,685	5,730	5,960	0	0	0
Frisian	4,590	2,395	2,195	50	30	25
German	3,322,405	1,626,785	1,695,615	4,245	2,050	2,195
Luxembourger	3,915	2,025	1,890	0	0	0
Swiss	155,120	76,935	78,185	80	40	40
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	3,365	1,645	1,720	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,201,320	579,005	622,315	665	335	330
Danish	207,470	100,660	106,810	145	90	55
Finnish	143,645	69,045	74,600	110	55	55
Icelandic	101,795	49,875	51,915	20	10	15
Norwegian	463,275	223,075	240,200	245	135	110
Swedish	349,645	163,545	186,095	180	80	100
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	52,780	26,965	25,820	25	10	15
Eastern European origins	3,431,245	1,666,740	1,764,505	1,870	860	1,010
Bulgarian	34,565	16,935	17,625	10	0	0
Byelorussian	20,710	10,190	10,515	10	0	0
Czech	104,580	51,555	53,030	45	35	15
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	40,715	19,235	21,480	15	10	10
Estonian	24,530	11,715	12,815	15	0	0
Hungarian	348,085	170,040	178,045	340	130	205
Latvian	30,725	14,920	15,805	10	10	0
Lithuanian	59,285	28,745	30,535	50	25	30
Moldovan	14,915	7,265	7,650	15	10	10
Polish	1,106,585	533,830	572,750	805	350	455
Romanian	238,050	114,705	123,345	90	35	60
Russian	622,445	297,600	324,850	150	70	75
Slovak	72,285	35,360	36,925	60	25	35
Ukrainian	1,359,655	663,560	696,095	455	215	235
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	20,415	9,895	10,520	10	10	10
Southern European origins	3,012,375	1,494,605	1,517,775	2,415	1,170	1,245
Albanian	36,185	18,385	17,800	15	0	10
Bosnian	26,740	13,320	13,420	0	0	0
Catalan	1,280	740	535	0	0	0
Croatian	133,970	67,825	66,140	55	25	30
Cypriot	5,650	2,850	2,795	0	0	0
Greek	271,410	137,405	134,005	310	175	145
Italian	1,587,965	794,525	793,445	1,545	735	815
Kosovar	2,865	1,470	1,395	0	0	0
Macedonian	43,110	21,650	21,460	0	10	0
Maltese	41,920	20,955	20,965	25	15	10
Montenegrin	4,160	2,180	1,985	25	10	10
Portuguese	482,605	239,360	243,250	135	70	70
Serbian	96,530	49,095	47,440	10	10	10
Sicilian	6,940	3,500	3,435	0	0	0
Slovenian	40,470	20,105	20,365	0	0	0
Spanish	396,460	184,520	211,945	270	125	145
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	38,480	18,620	19,860	40	15	30
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	2,170	1,030	1,135	0	0	0
Other European origins	226,695	115,110	111,580	160	80	85
Basque	6,965	3,690	3,275	0	0	0
Jewish	143,660	72,625	71,035	45	30	20
Roma (Gypsy)	4,630	2,195	2,440	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	4,870	2,560	2,310	10	0	10
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	67,890	34,730	33,160	110	50	60
Caribbean origins	749,155	349,810	399,345	310	150	165
Antiguan	4,500	2,115	2,385	10	10	0
Bahamian	3,675	1,915	1,760	0	0	0
Barbadian	37,780	17,745	20,035	45	25	20
Bermudan	3,075	1,435	1,640	0	0	0
Carib	3,030	1,175	1,860	0	0	0
Cuban	29,065	13,800	15,270	10	10	10
Dominican	23,130	11,000	12,125	35	20	15
Grenadian	17,915	7,835	10,080	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	1,125	515	605	0	0	0
Haitian	165,095	76,460	88,635	40	20	20
Jamaican	309,485	145,080	164,410	85	30	55
Kittitian/Nevisian	2,915	1,460	1,460	0	0	0
Martinican	2,010	900	1,110	0	0	0
Montserratan	930	460	470	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	3,405	1,645	1,765	10	10	0
St. Lucian	8,985	4,095	4,890	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	78,965	37,325	41,635	50	25	25
Vincentian/Grenadinian	17,420	7,475	9,945	10	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	70,270	31,625	38,645	30	10	20
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	26,830	12,520	14,310	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	674,640	325,210	349,430	205	85	120
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	22,725	10,875	11,850	20	10	15
Arawak	1,440	610	830	0	0	0
Argentinian	20,680	10,130	10,545	20	15	0
Belizean	1,755	915	845	0	0	0
Bolivian	5,055	2,480	2,580	0	0	0
Brazilian	36,830	17,380	19,455	10	0	10
Chilean	45,190	22,280	22,910	15	10	10
Colombian	96,325	45,590	50,735	0	0	0
Costa Rican	5,535	2,680	2,855	15	10	10
Ecuadorian	25,405	11,995	13,415	0	0	0
Guatemalan	26,275	13,360	12,915	0	0	0
Guyanese	84,275	39,530	44,745	10	0	10
Hispanic	11,055	5,380	5,670	0	0	0
Honduran	10,650	5,235	5,415	0	0	0
Maya	6,285	3,350	2,940	0	0	0
Mexican	128,485	62,890	65,595	90	40	50
Nicaraguan	13,705	6,650	7,055	0	0	0
Panamanian	4,700	2,210	2,495	0	0	0
Paraguayan	4,325	2,165	2,160	0	0	0
Peruvian	42,145	19,645	22,505	0	0	0
Salvadorean	66,220	32,960	33,255	35	10	20
Uruguayan	6,795	3,390	3,410	0	0	0
Venezuelan	26,345	12,220	14,125	0	0	10
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	28,455	13,930	14,525	0	0	10
African origins	1,067,930	539,805	528,120	460	220	235
Central and West African origins	230,110	118,040	112,070	65	25	35
Akan	1,955	1,090	870	0	0	0
Angolan	2,960	1,475	1,480	0	0	0
Ashanti	1,585	855	735	0	0	0
Beninese	4,995	2,670	2,320	0	0	0
Burkinabe	3,150	1,665	1,485	0	0	0
Cameroonian	24,615	12,390	12,230	30	10	15
Chadian	1,845	955	885	0	0	0
Congolese	38,365	18,925	19,440	20	10	10
Edo	1,945	1,095	855	0	0	0
Ewe	845	470	375	0	0	0
Gabonese	1,405	660	750	0	0	0
Gambian	975	495	475	0	0	0
Ghanaian	35,495	17,720	17,770	0	0	0
Guinean	7,240	3,785	3,455	0	0	0
Ibo	5,315	2,850	2,470	0	0	0
Ivorian	10,935	5,485	5,450	0	0	0
Liberian	2,485	1,130	1,360	0	0	0
Malian	4,490	2,280	2,210	0	0	0
Malinké	1,125	585	535	0	0	0
Nigerian	51,835	27,025	24,805	10	0	0
Peulh	2,435	1,270	1,170	0	0	0
Senegalese	10,175	5,500	4,670	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	2,620	1,330	1,295	0	0	0
Togolese	5,300	2,870	2,430	10	0	10
Wolof	840	495	345	0	0	0
Yoruba	9,585	5,075	4,515	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	15,380	7,940	7,445	0	0	0
North African origins	355,045	185,775	169,270	110	60	50
Algerian	67,335	34,755	32,580	20	10	10
Berber	37,060	19,685	17,375	0	0	0
Coptic	3,535	1,860	1,680	10	0	0
Dinka	900	500	400	0	0	0
Egyptian	99,140	51,730	47,410	50	35	15
Libyan	7,740	4,135	3,605	0	0	0
Maure	1,190	655	535	0	0	0
Moroccan	103,940	54,005	49,945	25	10	20
Sudanese	19,960	10,315	9,645	0	0	0
Tunisian	25,645	13,985	11,665	15	10	10
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	6,115	3,320	2,795	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	260,145	128,325	131,815	80	25	55
Afrikaner	1,870	955	915	0	0	0
Amhara	1,530	815	715	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	3,965	2,175	1,785	0	0	0
Burundian	10,990	5,405	5,580	0	0	0
Djiboutian	1,710	790	920	0	0	0
Eritrean	25,255	12,830	12,430	10	0	0
Ethiopian	44,065	21,680	22,385	25	0	15
Harari	665	355	305	0	0	0
Kenyan	10,915	5,230	5,685	0	0	0
Malagasy	4,500	2,175	2,325	0	0	0
Mauritian	9,325	4,655	4,665	10	0	10
Oromo	3,350	1,745	1,605	0	0	0
Rwandan	10,775	5,065	5,705	0	0	0
Seychellois	1,285	575	710	0	0	0
Somali	62,550	30,215	32,330	0	0	0
South African	41,375	20,575	20,800	35	15	20
Tanzanian	4,710	2,400	2,310	0	0	0
Tigrian	2,155	1,160	995	0	0	0
Ugandan	5,705	2,875	2,830	0	0	0
Zambian	1,860	935	920	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	8,090	3,975	4,110	0	0	0
Zulu	945	475	475	10	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	17,305	8,445	8,860	10	0	0
Other African origins	239,560	116,400	123,165	205	110	90
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	30,385	14,015	16,370	45	35	15
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	212,005	103,790	108,215	155	80	75
Asian origins	6,095,235	2,958,120	3,137,115	2,520	1,215	1,305
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	1,011,145	518,170	492,980	470	200	270
Afghan	83,995	42,320	41,675	45	10	30
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	111,400	58,930	52,475	40	15	25
Armenian	63,810	31,505	32,305	10	10	10
Assyrian	13,835	7,115	6,720	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	6,425	3,230	3,200	0	0	0
Georgian	4,775	2,430	2,345	15	0	15
Hazara	1,515	810	705	0	0	0
Iranian	210,405	106,565	103,840	75	30	40
Iraqi	70,925	35,965	34,955	0	0	0
Israeli	28,735	15,065	13,675	10	0	10
Jordanian	14,250	7,520	6,735	0	0	0
Kazakh	3,330	1,615	1,710	0	0	0
Kurd	16,315	8,810	7,515	35	15	20
Kuwaiti	2,235	1,185	1,055	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	1,060	510	550	0	0	0
Lebanese	219,555	112,970	106,590	160	70	90
Palestinian	44,820	23,900	20,920	0	0	0
Pashtun	4,810	2,565	2,245	45	30	15
Saudi Arabian	6,810	3,935	2,880	0	0	0
Syrian	77,045	38,445	38,600	20	20	0
Tajik	2,905	1,410	1,495	0	0	0
Tatar	4,825	2,155	2,670	0	0	0
Turk	63,955	32,855	31,100	25	15	10
Turkmen	1,040	540	500	25	10	20
Uighur	1,555	775	785	0	0	0
Uzbek	3,920	1,920	2,000	0	0	0
Yemeni	6,645	3,335	3,305	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	25,280	13,180	12,100	10	0	0
South Asian origins	1,963,330	993,595	969,735	1,560	800	765
Bangladeshi	45,940	23,645	22,300	70	40	35
Bengali	22,900	11,730	11,180	35	20	15
Bhutanese	3,600	1,765	1,835	0	0	0
East Indian	1,374,710	694,990	679,720	645	335	310
Goan	6,070	2,915	3,155	0	0	0
Gujarati	8,350	4,305	4,050	0	0	0
Kashmiri	3,115	1,605	1,510	0	0	0
Nepali	17,140	8,715	8,420	0	0	0
Pakistani	215,555	110,420	105,140	500	230	270
Punjabi	118,400	61,155	57,240	30	20	10
Sinhalese	7,285	3,605	3,685	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	152,595	75,010	77,585	285	165	125
Tamil	48,670	24,845	23,825	30	15	15
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	76,400	38,815	37,585	65	35	30
East and Southeast Asian origins	3,163,360	1,467,205	1,696,155	495	220	275
Burmese	9,335	4,535	4,795	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	38,490	18,515	19,980	0	0	0
Chinese	1,769,195	836,150	933,045	205	105	100
Filipino	837,130	369,105	468,025	185	65	120
Hmong	805	420	390	0	0	0
Indonesian	21,390	9,950	11,440	0	0	0
Japanese	121,485	53,415	68,070	25	10	20
Karen	4,510	2,275	2,240	0	0	0
Korean	198,210	93,680	104,525	20	15	0
Laotian	24,580	12,190	12,390	0	0	0
Malaysian	16,920	7,735	9,185	0	0	0
Mongolian	7,480	3,560	3,915	0	0	0
Singaporean	2,850	1,325	1,520	10	0	10
Taiwanese	36,510	16,570	19,945	10	0	10
Thai	19,010	7,330	11,680	0	10	0
Tibetan	8,040	4,055	3,985	0	0	0
Vietnamese	240,615	115,935	124,680	70	30	40
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	6,500	3,150	3,355	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	22,745	11,280	11,460	40	25	15
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	22,740	11,280	11,460	40	25	15
Oceania origins	85,470	43,030	42,440	50	20	30
Australian	42,315	21,710	20,605	55	20	30
New Zealander	15,395	8,065	7,330	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	29,485	14,240	15,250	0	0	0
Fijian	19,375	9,280	10,090	0	0	0
Hawaiian	3,295	1,500	1,795	0	0	0
Maori	2,500	1,310	1,195	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	1,530	725	805	0	0	0
Samoan	1,100	625	475	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	2,335	1,145	1,185	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	14,072,075	...	...	26,080	...	...
Owner	9,541,320	...	...	16,005	...	...
Renter	4,474,530	...	...	10,075	...	...
Band housing	56,230	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	14,072,075	...	...	26,080	...	...
Condominium	1,874,840	...	...	625	...	...
Not condominium	12,197,240	...	...	25,455	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	14,072,080	...	...	26,085	...	...
No bedrooms	93,345	...	...	110	...	...
1 bedroom	1,925,015	...	...	3,085	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,547,090	...	...	7,765	...	...
3 bedrooms	4,836,485	...	...	10,375	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,670,145	...	...	4,740	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	14,072,075	...	...	26,080	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,068,915	...	...	6,640	...	...
5 rooms	2,177,045	...	...	4,625	...	...
6 rooms	1,981,585	...	...	4,475	...	...
7 rooms	1,790,180	...	...	3,805	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,054,355	...	...	6,540	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	14,072,080	...	...	26,080	...	...
One person or fewer per room	13,802,060	...	...	25,910	...	...
More than 1 person per room	270,020	...	...	170	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	14,072,075	...	...	26,080	...	...
Suitable	13,376,345	...	...	25,325	...	...
Not suitable	695,730	...	...	755	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	14,072,080	...	...	26,085	...	...
1960 or before	3,126,380	...	...	9,730	...	...
1961 to 1980	4,185,510	...	...	8,160	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,977,640	...	...	3,540	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,746,390	...	...	2,150	...	...
2001 to 2005	976,390	...	...	775	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,089,750	...	...	860	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	970,015	...	...	865	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	14,072,080	...	...	26,080	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	13,151,600	...	...	23,930	...	...
Major repairs needed	920,480	...	...	2,155	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	14,072,080	...	...	26,080	...	...
1 household maintainer	8,324,865	...	...	16,490	...	...
2 household maintainers	5,404,800	...	...	9,320	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	342,415	...	...	270	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	14,072,080	...	...	26,085	...	...
15 to 24 years	437,230	...	...	1,055	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,991,685	...	...	3,105	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,414,920	...	...	3,520	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,862,870	...	...	4,755	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,859,315	...	...	5,540	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,034,220	...	...	4,495	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,084,700	...	...	2,615	...	...
85 years and over	387,135	...	...	995	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	13,798,305	...	...	25,965	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	10,472,355	...	...	18,845	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,325,950	...	...	7,120	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,861,615	...	...	6,590	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,368,330	...	...	15,915	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	60.7	...	...	56.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	16.6	...	...	13.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,130	...	...	888	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,313	...	...	979	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	341,556	...	...	189,800	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	443,058	...	...	213,706	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,452,850	...	...	10,080	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	13.0	...	...	18.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	40.0	...	...	48.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	910	...	...	758	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,002	...	...	802	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,580	48,820	23,505	25,315
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,239,575	2,667,995	2,571,585	11,770	6,040	5,730
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	7,576,400	3,686,630	3,889,770	15,985	7,690	8,295
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,230	21,065	9,780	11,290
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,800,260	1,906,610	893,650	3,945	2,865	1,080
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	1,549,880	880,365	669,515	2,005	1,275	730
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,250,385	1,026,250	224,140	1,940	1,585	350
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	5,553,825	2,326,940	3,226,890	11,645	4,555	7,090
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	813,335	331,940	481,395	730	285	440
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	6,659,615	3,070,315	3,589,300	4,750	2,075	2,675
Bachelor's degree	4,443,835	1,967,905	2,475,935	3,395	1,425	1,980
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	462,295	203,725	258,570	420	175	245
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	190,925	102,530	88,395	90	55	35
Master's degree	1,331,045	651,510	679,535	760	375	390
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	231,510	144,640	86,870	85	55	30
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	18,931,380	9,268,555	9,662,830	29,940	14,390	15,555
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,169,790	1,200,110	969,685	5,010	2,705	2,300
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	4,494,585	2,247,020	2,247,565	9,935	4,915	5,015
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,267,005	5,821,425	6,445,580	15,005	6,765	8,240
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,042,430	1,377,775	664,650	2,510	1,815	705
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	1,145,035	639,785	505,250	1,245	785	460
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	897,390	737,990	159,405	1,270	1,030	240
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	4,241,985	1,786,065	2,455,920	8,825	3,460	5,360
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	580,885	240,040	340,850	385	165	210
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	5,401,705	2,417,555	2,984,155	3,285	1,325	1,960
Bachelor's degree	3,590,080	1,562,160	2,027,925	2,390	950	1,435
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	362,455	151,205	211,250	265	105	155
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	153,290	74,440	78,855	65	35	30
Master's degree	1,120,190	527,335	592,850	525	210	315
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	175,685	102,415	73,275	40	25	20
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585	48,815	23,505	25,315
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	12,815,980	6,354,625	6,461,350	27,755	13,725	14,025
Education	1,060,095	251,290	808,800	1,565	385	1,175
13. Education	1,060,095	251,290	808,805	1,560	385	1,175
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	596,230	268,050	328,180	405	195	210
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	99,020	72,865	26,150	110	80	30
50. Visual and performing arts	497,210	195,185	302,025	300	120	185
Humanities	850,840	330,490	520,345	800	325	480
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	98,000	22,100	75,900	50	10	45
23. English language and literature/letters	178,590	52,785	125,810	185	80	110
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	275,525	104,135	171,390	310	90	225
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	4,160	1,640	2,520	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	51,930	30,185	21,750	45	30	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	77,490	46,285	31,200	65	55	15
54. History	111,465	59,965	51,500	100	55	40
55. French language and literature/letters	53,680	13,400	40,290	45	10	35
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,761,900	586,455	1,175,445	2,155	575	1,580
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	24,685	5,660	19,025	15	10	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	182,275	68,030	114,245	115	55	60
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	324,660	26,065	298,595	535	60	475
22. Legal professions and studies	289,600	102,660	186,945	380	125	255
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	35,445	8,150	27,295	170	25	140
42. Psychology	281,470	71,230	210,230	405	75	325
45. Social sciences	623,775	304,660	319,110	545	230	310
Business, management and public administration	3,360,045	1,272,475	2,087,565	4,210	1,360	2,850
30.16 Accounting and computer science	6,190	1,850	4,340	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	237,835	48,815	189,015	665	85	585
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,116,025	1,221,805	1,894,215	3,545	1,275	2,270
Physical and life sciences and technologies	614,280	315,665	298,615	430	265	165
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	249,955	105,560	144,400	165	75	85
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	125,600	61,685	63,915	50	25	25
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	28,155	12,625	15,530	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	179,305	122,815	56,485	165	125	40
41. Science technologies/technicians	31,270	12,980	18,290	50	35	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	651,480	420,370	231,110	470	280	185
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	514,685	356,435	158,250	390	250	140
25. Library science	40,820	6,495	34,320	35	0	30
27. Mathematics and statistics	86,655	50,930	35,725	45	25	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	9,325	6,510	2,815	0	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	3,327,405	3,022,700	304,700	4,545	4,315	230
04. Architecture and related services	114,315	72,880	41,435	60	40	20
14. Engineering	752,465	615,880	136,585	350	310	40
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	620,065	551,855	68,205	995	890	105
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	410	85	325	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	702,155	682,710	19,445	1,125	1,110	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	731,135	709,430	21,705	1,325	1,290	30
48. Precision production	406,855	389,850	17,005	685	665	20
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	339,050	219,040	120,010	295	215	85
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	205,930	127,925	78,005	165	115	50
03. Natural resources and conservation	133,120	91,115	42,005	130	95	30
Health and related fields	2,266,720	441,180	1,825,545	4,225	780	3,445
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	164,295	81,260	83,040	215	105	110
51. Health professions and related programs	2,047,680	329,010	1,718,670	3,985	665	3,325
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	54,740	30,910	23,830	20	10	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	995,825	507,200	488,630	1,960	1,085	875
12. Personal and culinary services	565,555	151,530	414,025	1,000	265	730
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	3,505	3,080	420	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	7,900	7,230	670	10	0	0
43. Security and protective services	206,745	150,540	56,205	480	360	125
49. Transportation and materials moving	212,125	194,810	17,315	470	455	15
Other	3,170	885	2,280	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	3,170	890	2,280	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	18,931,385	9,268,555	9,662,825	29,945	14,390	15,550
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	6,664,380	3,447,130	3,217,250	14,940	7,625	7,315
Education	727,515	160,315	567,205	975	225	755
13. Education	727,515	160,315	567,200	975	225	755
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	467,905	208,365	259,545	305	135	165
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	74,530	53,995	20,535	75	55	15
50. Visual and performing arts	393,375	154,370	239,005	230	80	150
Humanities	614,815	232,425	382,390	475	185	290
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	76,540	16,200	60,340	25	0	25
23. English language and literature/letters	133,800	38,310	95,485	130	45	85
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	191,005	71,770	119,235	170	55	120
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	3,140	1,250	1,895	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	37,870	21,930	15,940	20	20	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	52,295	31,200	21,090	25	25	0
54. History	82,565	43,475	39,085	80	45	30
55. French language and literature/letters	37,600	8,285	29,315	20	0	15
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,417,625	453,100	964,525	1,660	415	1,240
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20,300	4,595	15,705	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	152,080	56,125	95,955	90	50	45
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	259,845	19,160	240,685	420	55	365
22. Legal professions and studies	241,170	76,720	164,445	295	75	220
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	27,310	6,390	20,920	150	15	135
42. Psychology	218,470	51,570	166,900	300	60	240
45. Social sciences	498,450	238,540	259,915	400	165	235
Business, management and public administration	2,696,770	1,000,895	1,695,875	3,090	945	2,140
30.16 Accounting and computer science	4,955	1,480	3,475	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	192,190	36,890	155,305	560	65	490
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,499,625	962,530	1,537,095	2,535	885	1,645
Physical and life sciences and technologies	449,870	222,120	227,755	245	145	105
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	195,830	79,945	115,880	110	65	50
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	89,205	42,265	46,945	30	15	20
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	9,280	3,850	5,430	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	132,935	87,025	45,905	75	50	25
41. Science technologies/technicians	22,625	9,035	13,590	30	20	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	567,415	368,840	198,575	385	245	140
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	464,000	321,805	142,190	345	225	115
25. Library science	29,955	4,870	25,080	20	0	20
27. Mathematics and statistics	65,620	36,895	28,725	15	10	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	7,840	5,270	2,575	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	2,532,555	2,271,735	260,820	3,080	2,880	200
04. Architecture and related services	93,135	57,280	35,850	40	30	15
14. Engineering	612,265	490,980	121,285	230	195	35
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	475,045	418,595	56,450	730	640	95
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	350	70	275	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	515,630	499,670	15,960	765	750	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	540,800	523,425	17,375	845	815	30
48. Precision production	295,335	281,715	13,620	460	440	20
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	269,445	167,680	101,770	240	155	85
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	159,975	94,680	65,295	140	85	50
03. Natural resources and conservation	109,470	73,000	36,470	100	70	30
Health and related fields	1,749,545	342,395	1,407,145	3,075	610	2,465
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	129,560	63,315	66,245	160	85	80
51. Health professions and related programs	1,576,945	256,895	1,320,050	2,890	515	2,375
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	43,040	22,185	20,860	20	10	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	770,950	392,820	378,135	1,475	825	650
12. Personal and culinary services	431,415	114,395	317,025	710	185	525
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	2,725	2,355	375	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	4,425	3,975	445	10	10	0
43. Security and protective services	162,995	116,750	46,240	400	295	105
49. Transportation and materials moving	169,400	155,340	14,050	365	345	20
Other	2,590	745	1,845	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	2,585	740	1,845	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,585	48,820	23,505	25,315
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,815,975	6,354,625	6,461,350	27,755	13,730	14,030
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,235	21,065	9,775	11,285
Location of study inside Canada	13,117,190	6,299,305	6,817,890	19,775	9,140	10,635
Same as province or territory of residence	11,519,215	5,503,640	6,015,575	17,235	7,935	9,300
Different than province or territory of residence	1,597,975	795,655	802,315	2,540	1,200	1,340
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	2,709,850	1,336,505	1,373,345	1,290	640	650
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	349,540	189,995	159,545	385	190	195
Philippines	298,830	109,820	189,020	50	10	45
India	281,415	142,410	138,995	85	45	45
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	232,035	131,050	100,980	260	140	125
China^{Census data footnote 162}	205,375	94,690	110,685	20	10	10
France	88,860	50,400	38,455	10	10	10
Other	1,253,790	618,135	635,655	475	240	235
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	18,931,380	9,268,555	9,662,830	29,940	14,390	15,555
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,664,380	3,447,125	3,217,250	14,940	7,625	7,315
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	12,267,005	5,821,430	6,445,575	15,005	6,770	8,240
Location of study inside Canada	10,134,590	4,807,045	5,327,545	14,125	6,370	7,760
Same as province or territory of residence	8,918,160	4,207,495	4,710,665	12,655	5,710	6,945
Different than province or territory of residence	1,216,425	599,545	616,875	1,470	655	815
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	2,132,415	1,014,385	1,118,030	875	400	480
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	254,245	131,955	122,290	300	140	170
Philippines	263,095	96,025	167,065	45	10	35
India	239,535	117,445	122,090	60	30	30
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	133,655	73,575	60,085	80	40	40
China^{Census data footnote 162}	175,825	79,635	96,190	20	10	10
France	72,920	40,610	32,310	10	10	10
Other	993,135	475,145	517,990	355	170	185
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,585	48,820	23,505	25,315
In the labour force	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,645	27,140	14,075	13,065
Employed	17,230,040	8,923,540	8,306,490	24,655	12,595	12,055
Unemployed	1,442,435	808,285	634,150	2,485	1,475	1,010
Not in the labour force	9,970,545	4,258,605	5,711,945	21,675	9,430	12,250
Participation rate	65.2	69.6	61.0	55.6	59.9	51.6
Employment rate	60.2	63.8	56.7	50.5	53.6	47.6
Unemployment rate	7.7	8.3	7.1	9.2	10.5	7.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,580	48,815	23,505	25,315
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	9,282,005	3,930,570	5,351,440	20,805	9,010	11,800
Worked	19,361,010	10,059,865	9,301,150	28,010	14,495	13,515
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	9,626,010	5,402,110	4,223,895	14,160	8,030	6,125
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	9,735,005	4,657,755	5,077,245	13,855	6,465	7,390
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	42.9	42.0	42.5	42.6	42.4
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	18,672,470	9,731,825	8,940,640	27,145	14,075	13,065
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	404,350	197,705	206,640	745	375	370
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000	26,400	13,700	12,695
Employee	16,073,685	8,158,745	7,914,940	24,305	12,380	11,920
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	2,194,440	1,375,380	819,060	2,095	1,320	775
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	18,672,470	9,731,830	8,940,645	27,145	14,075	13,070
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	404,350	197,710	206,640	745	375	370
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	18,268,120	9,534,120	8,734,005	26,400	13,700	12,695
0 Management occupations	2,013,370	1,251,165	762,205	2,060	1,200	865
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,874,305	862,870	2,011,440	3,665	1,190	2,475
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,273,660	990,560	283,105	840	730	110
3 Health occupations	1,245,885	244,730	1,001,155	2,120	410	1,715
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,138,445	672,945	1,465,495	2,880	865	2,020
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	557,275	255,705	301,570	415	165	245
6 Sales and service occupations	4,265,895	1,843,510	2,422,390	7,145	2,900	4,245
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,668,875	2,504,290	164,585	5,185	4,690	490
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	416,135	331,920	84,215	315	230	85
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	814,285	576,435	237,845	1,775	1,320	450
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,640	27,145	14,075	13,070
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	404,350	197,710	206,640	740	370	370
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000	26,400	13,700	12,700
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	444,680	310,000	134,675	240	170	70
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	271,300	219,880	51,420	35	30	0
22 Utilities	136,350	100,135	36,210	150	135	10
23 Construction	1,365,010	1,196,550	168,455	2,030	1,865	160
31-33 Manufacturing	1,596,570	1,149,745	446,820	2,725	1,960	760
41 Wholesale trade	665,685	451,230	214,455	785	565	220
44-45 Retail trade	2,110,200	984,090	1,126,115	4,100	1,900	2,200
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	876,050	656,375	219,670	1,965	1,540	420
51 Information and cultural industries	420,350	243,650	176,705	310	165	150
52 Finance and insurance	790,580	327,865	462,715	570	175	395
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	333,305	184,350	148,955	340	220	120
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,335,125	740,520	594,605	915	500	415
55 Management of companies and enterprises	28,795	12,795	16,000	25	0	25
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	802,420	462,825	339,590	1,380	735	645
61 Educational services	1,346,585	420,845	925,735	1,715	570	1,140
62 Health care and social assistance	2,138,025	383,755	1,754,270	3,800	665	3,135
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	379,740	192,875	186,865	395	160	240
72 Accommodation and food services	1,283,725	535,210	748,515	2,145	810	1,335
81 Other services (except public administration)	814,695	371,880	442,815	1,145	640	500
91 Public administration	1,128,945	589,530	539,405	1,640	895	745
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	17,230,035	8,923,540	8,306,495	24,655	12,595	12,060
Worked at home	1,272,285	639,500	632,785	1,145	605	545
Worked outside Canada	78,815	54,235	24,580	90	55	40
No fixed workplace address	1,987,260	1,487,445	499,820	2,415	1,705	710
Worked at usual place	13,891,675	6,742,360	7,149,315	21,005	10,230	10,770
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	13,891,680	6,742,365	7,149,315	21,000	10,235	10,770
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,102,115	3,723,115	4,379,005	13,800	6,275	7,525
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,906,390	1,435,640	1,470,750	5,285	2,625	2,665
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,725,205	1,492,170	1,233,030	1,445	985	465
Commute to a different province or territory	157,970	91,445	66,525	470	350	125
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	15,878,940	8,229,810	7,649,135	23,415	11,935	11,480
Car, truck, van - as a driver	11,748,095	6,380,120	5,367,975	18,840	9,940	8,900
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	868,920	349,855	519,065	2,035	905	1,135
Public transit	1,968,215	846,735	1,121,485	775	250	530
Walked	877,985	392,950	485,030	1,395	615	785
Bicycle	222,130	146,615	75,515	185	135	60
Other method	193,595	113,525	80,060	170	95	75
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	15,878,945	8,229,810	7,649,130	23,415	11,935	11,475
Less than 15 minutes	4,449,920	2,071,365	2,378,555	11,410	5,250	6,165
15 to 29 minutes	5,314,295	2,725,165	2,589,130	7,685	4,020	3,670
30 to 44 minutes	3,228,845	1,782,680	1,446,165	2,035	1,070	960
45 to 59 minutes	1,391,060	768,115	622,940	655	430	220
60 minutes and over	1,494,830	882,485	612,345	1,630	1,165	460
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	15,878,940	8,229,810	7,649,135	23,415	11,940	11,480
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,073,680	781,230	292,455	2,380	1,600	775
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,814,750	1,754,045	1,060,710	4,650	2,935	1,710
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	4,458,835	2,217,210	2,241,620	5,790	2,720	3,070
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,349,975	1,408,710	1,941,265	3,935	1,240	2,695
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,756,265	752,940	1,003,325	1,890	680	1,210
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,425,435	1,315,670	1,109,765	4,765	2,750	2,010
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	19,956,255	10,342,970	9,613,285	28,985	14,970	14,010
Single responses	19,365,980	10,042,855	9,323,130	27,655	14,410	13,245
Official languages	19,090,545	9,897,470	9,193,075	27,620	14,380	13,235
English	15,265,335	7,952,010	7,313,320	26,290	13,835	12,460
French	3,825,215	1,945,465	1,879,750	1,325	555	775
Non-official languages	275,430	145,380	130,055	35	30	10
Aboriginal languages	24,950	12,385	12,565	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	14,440	7,370	7,070	0	0	0
Blackfoot	80	45	35	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	11,540	5,820	5,720	0	0	0
Atikamekw	1,095	580	515	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	2,055	970	1,085	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	370	180	190	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	40	25	10	0	0	0
Plains Cree	95	60	35	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	15	10	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	75	35	40	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	7,795	3,965	3,835	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	925	510	420	0	0	0
Malecite	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	915	505	410	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,895	995	900	0	0	0
Algonquin	45	20	25	0	0	0
Ojibway	765	380	385	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	1,080	595	485	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	1,140	530	610	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	1,135	525	610	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	20	0	15	0	0	0
Chilcotin	20	0	10	0	0	0
Dene	770	360	405	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	165	80	80	0	0	0
Gwich'in	10	10	10	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	135	65	70	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	95	45	45	0	0	0
South Slavey	35	20	20	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages	8,845	4,255	4,595	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	35	10	25	0	0	0
Inuktitut	8,800	4,240	4,555	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	35	10	30	0	0	0
Cayuga	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	35	10	25	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	110	25	85	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	15	10	10	0	0	0
Lillooet	15	10	10	0	0	0
Okanagan	20	10	20	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	35	0	30	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	15	0	15	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	260	155	105	0	0	0
Dakota	20	10	10	0	0	0
Stoney	240	145	95	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	10	10	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	25	0	20	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Nisga'a	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	35	15	20	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	250,485	132,990	117,490	40	25	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	7,380	4,530	2,850	0	0	0
Berber languages	35	10	30	0	0	0
Kabyle	20	0	20	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	15	10	15	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	275	105	170	0	0	0
Bilen	10	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	45	25	20	0	0	0
Somali	220	80	145	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	7,065	4,420	2,650	0	0	0
Amharic	200	95	100	0	0	0
Arabic	5,585	3,695	1,890	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	205	155	55	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	30	20	15	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	825	335	490	0	0	0
Maltese	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	135	70	60	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	65	35	30	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	8,550	3,790	4,760	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	475	230	245	0	0	0
Vietnamese	8,070	3,560	4,510	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	3,850	1,750	2,095	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	75	20	55	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	25	0	15	0	0	0
Ilocano	110	50	60	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	140	75	65	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,450	1,580	1,875	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	0	0	0
Creole languages	350	125	225	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	25	10	15	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	315	110	200	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	2,225	1,060	1,165	10	10	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	90	50	45	0	0	0
Tamil	2,090	1,005	1,080	10	10	0
Telugu	45	10	35	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	85,550	47,305	38,245	15	10	0
Albanian	350	220	125	0	0	0
Armenian	450	220	230	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10,075	4,745	5,330	0	0	0
Baltic languages	95	35	60	0	0	0
Latvian	40	10	25	0	0	0
Lithuanian	60	25	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages	9,980	4,710	5,270	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	155	90	65	0	0	0
Bulgarian	205	110	90	0	0	0
Croatian	220	130	95	0	0	0
Czech	70	40	30	0	0	0
Macedonian	95	45	55	0	0	0
Polish	2,500	1,265	1,235	0	0	0
Russian	4,850	2,135	2,720	0	0	0
Serbian	530	320	210	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	30	25	0	0	0	0
Slovak	100	60	40	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0	10	0	0	0
Ukrainian	1,210	485	725	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	25	20	10	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	15	15	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	0	0	0
Germanic languages	13,285	7,455	5,835	0	0	0
Afrikaans	85	40	40	0	0	0
Danish	90	50	35	0	0	0
Dutch	1,165	630	540	0	0	0
Frisian	40	25	15	0	0	0
German	10,065	5,715	4,345	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	10	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	65	30	40	0	0	0
Swedish	125	55	70	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	35	20	15	0	0	0
Yiddish	895	390	505	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	720	495	225	0	0	0
Greek	1,020	545	475	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	37,330	21,140	16,190	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	32,485	18,125	14,360	0	0	0
Bengali	530	275	245	0	0	0
Gujarati	880	300	585	0	0	0
Hindi	1,405	755	650	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	10	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	30	15	15	0	0	0
Nepali	195	95	100	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	27,870	15,945	11,920	0	0	0
Sindhi	35	10	30	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	25	20	0	0	0
Urdu	1,495	705	790	0	0	10
Iranian languages	4,820	3,000	1,815	0	0	0
Kurdish	185	150	40	0	0	0
Pashto	50	20	25	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	4,580	2,830	1,750	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	23,025	12,965	10,060	10	0	0
Catalan	30	10	20	0	0	0
Italian	1,705	895	805	0	0	0
Portuguese	7,490	4,795	2,695	0	0	0
Romanian	745	365	380	0	0	0
Spanish	13,030	6,885	6,145	10	10	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	3,255	1,195	2,065	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	30	10	20	0	0	0
Georgian	30	10	20	0	0	0
Korean	12,150	6,260	5,885	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	235	120	115	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	25	10	20	0	0	0
Bamanankan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	20	10	10	0	0	0
Igbo	10	10	0	0	0	0
Lingala	10	0	10	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	0	15	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	80	50	30	0	0	0
Wolof	10	0	10	0	0	0
Yoruba	15	0	15	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	20	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	1,920	740	1,180	0	0	0
American Sign Language	1,145	340	810	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	135	15	115	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	640	390	255	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	122,880	65,030	57,850	15	15	0
Chinese languages	122,610	64,880	57,730	15	15	10
Cantonese	58,815	30,485	28,340	0	0	0
Hakka	70	25	45	0	0	0
Mandarin	60,090	32,430	27,665	0	0	0
Min Dong	25	15	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	565	335	225	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	105	65	45	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	2,930	1,530	1,405	15	10	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	270	155	115	0	0	0
Burmese	75	35	35	0	0	0
Karenic languages	135	75	55	0	0	0
Tibetan	50	30	20	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	675	270	405	0	0	0
Lao	150	70	80	0	0	0
Thai	525	205	325	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	750	475	275	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	30	20	0	0	0	0
Turkish	685	435	255	0	0	0
Uyghur	15	15	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	15	10	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	595	270	325	0	0	0
Estonian	50	15	40	0	0	0
Finnish	105	40	65	0	0	0
Hungarian	435	225	215	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	80	45	35	0	0	0
Multiple responses	590,270	300,115	290,155	1,325	560	765
English and French	412,680	211,095	201,585	1,250	545	710
English and non-official language	154,285	77,870	76,420	50	10	45
French and non-official language	7,830	3,595	4,235	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	15,475	7,565	7,915	20	0	15
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	19,956,250	10,342,970	9,613,290	28,980	14,970	14,010
None	17,456,725	9,056,235	8,400,490	22,070	11,890	10,175
English	1,259,225	661,460	597,765	870	395	475
French	705,780	349,035	356,745	5,915	2,595	3,320
Non-official language	496,565	257,455	239,105	105	70	35
Aboriginal	37,615	17,215	20,400	20	0	15
Non-Aboriginal	458,945	240,245	218,710	80	60	20
English and French	2,535	1,200	1,335	10	10	0
English and non-official language	18,040	8,765	9,280	10	10	0
French and non-official language	17,265	8,730	8,540	15	15	0
English, French and non-official language	115	90	30	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	34,091,785	16,783,745	17,308,035	57,475	27,975	29,495
Non-movers	29,644,795	14,593,190	15,051,605	49,300	24,020	25,275
Movers	4,446,990	2,190,555	2,256,435	8,170	3,955	4,220
Non-migrants	2,623,515	1,292,750	1,330,760	5,595	2,595	3,005
Migrants	1,823,475	897,805	925,670	2,580	1,360	1,215
Internal migrants	1,451,005	713,060	737,945	2,475	1,320	1,150
Intraprovincial migrants	1,189,525	580,895	608,630	1,870	1,035	835
Interprovincial migrants	261,475	132,160	129,315	605	285	320
External migrants	372,475	184,745	187,730	105	35	65
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	32,568,560	16,004,315	16,564,245	55,050	26,690	28,365
Non-movers	20,134,760	9,902,645	10,232,115	33,695	16,410	17,285
Movers	12,433,805	6,101,675	6,332,130	21,355	10,275	11,080
Non-migrants	6,755,630	3,314,730	3,440,905	13,725	6,475	7,250
Migrants	5,678,175	2,786,945	2,891,230	7,630	3,800	3,830
Internal migrants	4,296,720	2,104,325	2,192,395	7,230	3,615	3,620
Intraprovincial migrants	3,467,670	1,689,950	1,777,720	5,480	2,810	2,670
Interprovincial migrants	829,045	414,375	414,670	1,750	805	945
External migrants	1,381,460	682,625	698,835	400	185	210

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 179 referrer

Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 180 referrer

Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Canada [Country] and Cornwall [Census agglomeration], Ontario (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 24, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Canada [Country] and Cornwall [Census agglomeration], Ontario

Census Profile, 2016 Census Canada [Country] and Cornwall [Census agglomeration], Ontario

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Canada [Country] and Cornwall [Census agglomeration], Ontario