Census Profile, 2016 Census
Canada [Country] and Thunder Bay, City [Census subdivision], Ontario

The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).

Characteristic	Canada [Country]			Thunder Bay, CY Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Canada [Country]  Map : Canada [Country] Change geography 1			Data quality : Thunder Bay, City [Census subdivision], Ontario  Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016Census data footnote 1	35,151,728	...	...	107,909	...	...
Population, 2011Census data footnote 1	33,476,688	...	...	108,359	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	5.0	...	...	-0.4	...	...
Total private dwellingsCensus data footnote 2	15,412,443	...	...	50,388	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residentsCensus data footnote 3	14,072,079	...	...	47,182	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3.9	...	...	328.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	8,965,588.85	...	...	328.36	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% dataCensus data footnote 4	35,151,730	17,264,200	17,887,530	107,910	52,645	55,260
0 to 14 years	5,839,565	2,992,920	2,846,645	15,575	8,000	7,575
0 to 4 years	1,898,790	973,030	925,760	5,015	2,630	2,385
5 to 9 years	2,018,130	1,034,685	983,445	5,310	2,705	2,605
10 to 14 years	1,922,645	985,200	937,445	5,255	2,665	2,585
15 to 64 years	23,376,530	11,576,130	11,800,400	70,730	35,115	35,620
15 to 19 years	2,026,160	1,039,215	986,940	5,890	3,015	2,875
20 to 24 years	2,242,690	1,144,495	1,098,200	7,515	3,845	3,675
25 to 29 years	2,285,990	1,144,470	1,141,515	7,100	3,605	3,500
30 to 34 years	2,329,395	1,148,290	1,181,110	6,330	3,190	3,140
35 to 39 years	2,288,365	1,118,635	1,169,730	5,990	2,930	3,065
40 to 44 years	2,255,135	1,104,440	1,150,695	6,130	3,005	3,120
45 to 49 years	2,359,965	1,157,760	1,202,210	6,935	3,345	3,590
50 to 54 years	2,678,075	1,318,755	1,359,320	8,240	4,060	4,180
55 to 59 years	2,620,240	1,285,190	1,335,055	8,810	4,305	4,505
60 to 64 years	2,290,510	1,114,885	1,175,630	7,785	3,815	3,975
65 years and over	5,935,630	2,695,150	3,240,485	21,600	9,530	12,065
65 to 69 years	1,972,480	953,075	1,019,405	6,765	3,265	3,505
70 to 74 years	1,420,875	677,975	742,900	4,730	2,195	2,530
75 to 79 years	1,021,850	469,550	552,300	3,750	1,680	2,075
80 to 84 years	749,650	325,765	423,880	2,905	1,230	1,675
85 years and over	770,780	268,790	501,990	3,450	1,165	2,285
85 to 89 years	482,525	185,535	296,990	2,080	780	1,290
90 to 94 years	223,510	68,675	154,835	1,065	325	740
95 to 99 years	56,525	13,240	43,280	275	55	220
100 years and over	8,230	1,340	6,890	35	5	30
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.6	17.3	15.9	14.4	15.2	13.7
15 to 64 years	66.5	67.1	66.0	65.5	66.7	64.5
65 years and over	16.9	15.6	18.1	20.0	18.1	21.8
85 years and over	2.2	1.6	2.8	3.2	2.2	4.1
Average age of the population	41.0	40.1	41.9	43.3	42.0	44.5
Median age of the population	41.2	40.2	42.2	44.5	42.9	45.9
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% dataCensus data footnote 5	14,072,080	...	...	47,180	...	...
Single-detached house	7,541,495	...	...	31,215	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,391,040	...	...	2,555	...	...
Other attached dwellingCensus data footnote 6	4,949,795	...	...	13,205	...	...
Semi-detached house	698,800	...	...	2,030	...	...
Row house	891,305	...	...	1,350	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	784,300	...	...	2,370	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,539,390	...	...	7,340	...	...
Other single-attached house	36,005	...	...	115	...	...
Movable dwellingCensus data footnote 7	189,755	...	...	210	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% dataCensus data footnote 8	14,072,080	...	...	47,180	...	...
1 person	3,969,790	...	...	15,730	...	...
2 persons	4,834,605	...	...	16,565	...	...
3 persons	2,140,640	...	...	6,850	...	...
4 persons	1,946,275	...	...	5,450	...	...
5 or more persons	1,180,770	...	...	2,585	...	...
Number of persons in private households	34,460,060	...	...	105,220	...	...
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% dataCensus data footnote 9	29,312,160	14,271,280	15,040,885	92,330	44,645	47,685
Married or living common law	16,893,720	8,452,135	8,441,585	48,900	24,425	24,470
Married	13,383,455	6,693,465	6,689,990	39,140	19,570	19,570
Living common law	3,510,265	1,758,670	1,751,590	9,760	4,855	4,905
Not married and not living common law	12,418,440	5,819,140	6,599,300	43,430	20,220	23,215
Never married	8,254,340	4,444,425	3,809,915	27,085	14,905	12,180
Separated	718,295	309,905	408,400	3,320	1,410	1,915
Divorced	1,816,005	725,535	1,090,470	5,970	2,525	3,440
Widowed	1,629,800	339,280	1,290,525	7,055	1,375	5,680
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% dataCensus data footnote 10	9,840,730	...	...	30,030	...	...
2 persons	5,007,790	...	...	16,640	...	...
3 persons	2,107,830	...	...	6,430	...	...
4 persons	1,909,935	...	...	5,025	...	...
5 or more persons	815,170	...	...	1,940	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 11	9,840,730	...	...	30,035	...	...
Total couple families	8,227,925	...	...	23,960	...	...
Married couples	6,474,005	...	...	19,085	...	...
Common-law couples	1,753,920	...	...	4,880	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	1,612,805	...	...	6,070	...	...
Female parent	1,262,340	...	...	4,725	...	...
Male parent	350,465	...	...	1,345	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	8,227,925	...	...	23,960	...	...
Couples without children	4,024,305	...	...	12,835	...	...
Couples with children	4,203,615	...	...	11,130	...	...
1 child	1,650,165	...	...	4,800	...	...
2 children	1,783,080	...	...	4,565	...	...
3 or more children	770,375	...	...	1,765	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	1,612,805	...	...	6,075	...	...
1 child	983,485	...	...	3,805	...	...
2 children	457,670	...	...	1,625	...	...
3 or more children	171,655	...	...	640	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	6,107,260	2,941,395	3,165,865	22,245	10,680	11,570
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% dataCensus data footnote 12	14,072,075	...	...	47,180	...	...
One-census-family households	9,218,225	...	...	28,955	...	...
Without children in a census familyCensus data footnote 13	3,782,095	...	...	12,430	...	...
With children in a census familyCensus data footnote 14	5,436,135	...	...	16,525	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	301,715	...	...	535	...	...
Non-census-family households	4,552,135	...	...	17,690	...	...
One-person households	3,969,790	...	...	15,730	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	582,350	...	...	1,960	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 15	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,080	106,180	51,880	54,300
English only	23,757,525	11,838,075	11,919,455	97,350	48,025	49,325
French only	4,144,685	1,925,845	2,218,840	90	55	40
English and French	6,216,065	3,071,325	3,144,740	8,290	3,640	4,650
Neither English nor French	648,970	265,920	383,045	445	160	290
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 16	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085	106,180	51,880	54,300
English	26,007,500	12,852,330	13,155,165	103,440	50,630	52,810
French	7,705,755	3,780,105	3,925,650	2,210	1,055	1,155
English and French	417,485	209,130	208,355	110	50	55
Neither English nor French	636,515	259,600	376,910	425	140	285
Official language minority (number)Census data footnote 17	7,914,495	3,884,670	4,029,825	2,260	1,080	1,185
Official language minority (percentage)Census data footnote 17	22.8	22.7	22.8	2.1	2.1	2.2
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 18	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,085	106,185	51,880	54,300
Single responses	33,948,620	16,702,840	17,245,775	104,715	51,185	53,525
Official languages	26,627,555	13,201,620	13,425,940	92,545	45,575	46,970
English	19,460,850	9,680,125	9,780,725	90,135	44,435	45,700
French	7,166,705	3,521,495	3,645,215	2,405	1,135	1,270
Non-official languages	7,321,065	3,501,220	3,819,840	12,165	5,610	6,560
Aboriginal languages	195,700	94,795	100,900	1,195	480	720
Algonquian languages	130,450	62,930	67,520	1,185	475	710
Blackfoot	2,815	1,325	1,490	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	88,445	42,920	45,530	95	35	60
Atikamekw	6,150	3,135	3,015	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	10,230	4,885	5,350	0	0	0
Moose Cree	100	50	55	5	0	0
Naskapi	1,205	590	620	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	315	125	190	5	0	0
Plains Cree	3,065	1,360	1,710	5	0	5
Southern East Cree	45	20	25	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	1,440	585	850	25	5	20
Woods Cree	1,840	865	975	5	5	0
Cree, n.o.s.	64,050	31,305	32,745	50	20	30
Eastern Algonquian languages	6,990	3,310	3,680	5	5	0
Malecite	305	140	160	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	6,690	3,170	3,520	5	5	5
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	32,150	15,350	16,800	1,090	440	650
Algonquin	1,260	590	670	5	0	5
Ojibway	17,890	8,440	9,450	680	280	395
Oji-Cree	12,855	6,260	6,595	405	155	245
Ottawa (Odawa)	150	65	85	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	17,365	8,325	9,045	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	17,315	8,310	9,010	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	110	55	60	0	0	0
Beaver	190	85	105	0	0	0
Carrier	1,025	465	565	0	0	0
Chilcotin	660	295	360	0	0	0
Dene	10,700	5,185	5,515	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	1,645	840	815	0	0	0
Gwich'in	260	110	145	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	80	25	50	0	0	0
Sekani	90	45	45	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	1,995	950	1,045	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	765	365	400	0	0	0
South Slavey	945	455	495	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	280	130	150	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	270	135	140	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	180	90	90	0	0	0
Tahltan	95	40	50	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	290	120	170	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	215	90	135	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	70	30	40	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	50	20	35	0	0	0
Haida	75	35	40	0	0	0
Inuit languages	36,545	18,100	18,445	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	1,025	445	575	0	0	0
Inuktitut	35,215	17,530	17,680	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	315	125	185	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	1,115	485	635	0	0	0
Cayuga	45	20	20	0	0	5
Mohawk	980	430	555	0	0	0
Oneida	55	20	40	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kutenai	105	55	55	0	0	0
Michif	465	230	235	0	0	0
Salish languages	2,305	1,130	1,180	0	0	0
Comox	80	45	40	0	0	0
Halkomelem	475	225	245	0	0	0
Lillooet	315	155	155	0	0	0
Okanagan	270	135	135	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	445	225	220	0	0	0
Squamish	40	20	20	0	0	0
Straits	80	40	40	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	335	150	185	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	255	135	125	0	0	0
Siouan languages	4,285	2,070	2,220	0	0	0
Dakota	1,215	570	635	0	0	0
Stoney	3,025	1,465	1,555	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	0	0	0
Tlingit	95	40	55	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	1,480	730	755	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	880	435	445	0	0	0
Nisga'a	400	200	200	0	0	0
Tsimshian	200	90	110	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	805	370	435	0	0	0
Haisla	90	40	50	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	95	40	55	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	325	145	185	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	285	135	140	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	585	295	295	5	5	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	7,125,365	3,406,425	3,718,945	10,975	5,130	5,840
Afro-Asiatic languages	575,365	298,060	277,300	285	165	110
Berber languages	22,135	11,865	10,270	5	0	5
Kabyle	13,150	6,995	6,155	5	5	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	8,985	4,865	4,115	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	42,885	20,095	22,790	5	5	5
Bilen	805	455	350	0	0	0
Oromo	4,960	2,560	2,400	0	0	0
Somali	36,755	16,895	19,865	0	5	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	365	195	170	0	0	0
Semitic languages	509,190	265,465	243,725	270	165	110
Amharic	22,465	10,720	11,745	10	5	5
Arabic	419,890	220,785	199,105	255	150	100
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	16,070	7,910	8,160	5	5	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5,545	2,780	2,770	0	0	0
Harari	1,320	635	685	0	0	0
Hebrew	19,530	10,480	9,045	5	0	5
Maltese	5,565	2,765	2,800	0	0	0
Tigrigna	16,650	8,310	8,340	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	2,155	1,085	1,070	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	1,155	635	520	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	176,725	81,810	94,920	125	50	80
Khmer (Cambodian)	20,130	9,270	10,860	0	0	0
Vietnamese	156,425	72,470	83,955	125	45	80
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	170	65	100	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	511,480	211,580	299,900	240	80	160
Bikol	1,790	790	1,000	0	0	0
Cebuano	19,890	7,930	11,960	10	5	5
Fijian	745	400	345	5	0	0
Hiligaynon	6,885	2,680	4,205	0	0	0
Ilocano	26,345	10,620	15,720	10	5	5
Malagasy	1,430	665	760	0	0	0
Malay	12,275	5,255	7,020	15	5	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	4,040	1,865	2,175	0	0	0
Pangasinan	1,390	590	800	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	431,380	178,575	252,810	190	65	130
Waray-Waray	1,110	430	675	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	4,195	1,770	2,425	5	0	5
Creole languages	72,125	32,310	39,820	15	10	5
Haitian Creole	3,030	1,445	1,590	5	5	0
Creole, n.o.s.	64,105	28,455	35,660	5	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	4,985	2,410	2,575	10	5	5
Dravidian languages	189,405	94,765	94,640	165	85	80
Kannada	3,970	2,040	1,935	5	5	5
Malayalam	28,570	14,770	13,800	115	50	60
Tamil	140,720	69,080	71,640	35	20	10
Telugu	15,655	8,640	7,020	10	10	5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	490	240	250	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	795	395	405	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,877,330	1,889,400	1,987,930	7,325	3,460	3,865
Albanian	26,890	13,610	13,285	5	5	5
Armenian	33,455	16,270	17,185	5	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	701,975	323,640	378,340	2,130	900	1,230
Baltic languages	12,530	5,315	7,215	20	10	15
Latvian	5,455	2,350	3,105	10	5	5
Lithuanian	7,075	2,965	4,115	10	5	5
Slavic languages	689,450	318,325	371,115	2,105	895	1,215
Belarusan	810	385	430	0	5	0
Bosnian	12,210	6,035	6,180	0	0	0
Bulgarian	20,025	9,675	10,345	10	5	5
Croatian	48,200	23,540	24,665	265	135	135
Czech	22,290	10,525	11,765	35	20	15
Macedonian	16,775	8,050	8,725	0	0	0
Polish	181,710	82,435	99,275	830	350	485
Russian	188,255	85,400	102,855	90	35	55
Serbian	57,350	28,535	28,815	35	10	20
Serbo-Croatian	9,555	4,565	4,985	10	5	5
Slovak	17,580	8,075	9,510	150	65	85
Slovene (Slovenian)	9,790	4,415	5,370	75	35	40
Ukrainian	102,485	45,440	57,040	580	220	360
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	2,415	1,255	1,165	20	5	10
Celtic languages	2,690	1,335	1,360	10	5	10
Scottish Gaelic	1,090	540	550	5	0	5
Welsh	1,075	495	575	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	530	295	235	0	0	0
Germanic languages	538,765	258,410	280,350	905	405	490
Afrikaans	10,265	5,115	5,145	10	10	5
Danish	12,630	6,245	6,390	45	20	25
Dutch	99,020	48,200	50,820	205	90	120
Frisian	2,100	1,095	1,005	5	0	5
German	384,035	183,215	200,820	580	265	315
Icelandic	1,285	600	685	0	0	5
Norwegian	4,615	2,170	2,445	10	5	5
Swedish	6,840	3,015	3,825	40	15	25
Vlaams (Flemish)	3,895	1,730	2,165	5	0	5
Yiddish	13,555	6,750	6,800	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	525	280	240	0	0	0
Greek	106,525	53,350	53,170	125	60	65
Indo-Iranian languages	1,312,750	664,120	648,630	590	330	255
Indo-Aryan languages	1,064,760	538,530	526,235	470	265	200
Bengali	73,125	37,410	35,720	70	45	30
Gujarati	108,780	55,105	53,670	90	60	35
Hindi	110,640	55,880	54,765	95	55	40
Kashmiri	565	300	265	0	0	0
Konkani	3,330	1,625	1,710	0	0	0
Marathi	8,295	4,300	3,995	5	5	5
Nepali	18,275	9,230	9,045	20	15	10
Oriya (Odia)	1,055	560	495	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	501,680	253,515	248,160	75	40	35
Sindhi	11,860	5,605	6,260	5	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	16,335	8,050	8,285	10	0	5
Urdu	210,815	106,960	103,860	95	45	45
Iranian languages	242,805	122,835	119,970	115	65	50
Kurdish	11,705	6,345	5,355	0	0	0
Pashto	16,910	8,760	8,145	5	5	5
Persian (Farsi)	214,200	107,725	106,470	110	60	50
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5,180	2,755	2,425	5	0	5
Italic (Romance) languages	1,154,270	558,660	595,615	3,560	1,755	1,815
Catalan	865	440	425	0	0	0
Italian	375,635	184,415	191,220	2,815	1,385	1,425
Portuguese	221,540	106,630	114,910	385	190	195
Romanian	96,665	46,195	50,470	40	20	20
Spanish	458,850	220,605	238,245	320	155	165
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	720	380	340	5	0	0
Japanese	43,640	14,790	28,855	30	10	20
Kartvelian languages	1,715	910	805	0	0	0
Georgian	1,715	910	805	0	0	0
Korean	153,425	70,310	83,115	85	45	40
Mongolic languages	1,575	690	885	0	0	5
Mongolian	1,575	690	880	5	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	91,375	45,075	46,305	55	35	20
Akan (Twi)	13,455	6,490	6,970	20	10	10
Bamanankan	1,535	815	720	0	0	0
Edo	1,670	770	900	0	0	0
Ewe	1,760	950	805	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	2,825	1,495	1,335	0	5	0
Ga	920	445	470	0	0	0
Ganda	1,295	625	665	0	0	0
Igbo	4,235	2,265	1,970	5	5	5
Lingala	3,810	1,785	2,025	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5,845	2,785	3,060	0	0	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5,250	2,355	2,895	0	0	0
Shona	3,180	1,520	1,665	5	0	5
Swahili	13,370	6,385	6,990	0	0	0
Wolof	3,990	2,170	1,820	5	0	0
Yoruba	9,085	4,785	4,300	5	5	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	19,135	9,435	9,695	15	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	5,870	3,025	2,845	10	5	5
Dinka	2,120	1,115	1,000	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	3,755	1,910	1,840	5	0	5
Sign languages	7,500	3,925	3,575	40	15	20
American Sign Language	2,685	1,320	1,360	25	10	15
Quebec Sign Language	695	340	355	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	4,120	2,265	1,860	10	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,269,215	589,570	679,645	775	390	390
Chinese languages	1,253,360	581,650	671,715	535	265	275
Cantonese	565,270	262,865	302,405	175	70	100
Hakka	10,910	4,900	6,015	0	0	0
Mandarin	592,040	274,630	317,410	315	165	150
Min Dong	1,230	580	650	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	31,795	14,450	17,350	20	5	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	12,915	5,780	7,140	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	38,580	18,165	20,410	35	20	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	610	275	335	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15,850	7,925	7,935	235	120	115
Burmese	3,585	1,795	1,790	25	15	15
Karenic languages	4,705	2,355	2,350	205	105	100
Tibetan	6,165	3,080	3,080	0	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	1,400	695	705	10	5	0
Tai-Kadai languages	22,010	8,870	13,145	20	10	15
Lao	12,670	6,145	6,525	0	0	0
Thai	9,255	2,690	6,565	20	5	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	80	35	55	0	0	0
Turkic languages	40,140	21,120	19,025	10	5	5
Azerbaijani	3,260	1,785	1,470	0	0	0
Turkish	32,815	17,375	15,440	10	5	5
Uyghur	1,035	510	525	0	0	0
Uzbek	1,715	855	865	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	1,315	590	720	0	0	0
Uralic languages	81,985	37,790	44,195	1,790	770	1,020
Estonian	5,445	2,325	3,115	30	20	10
Finnish	15,295	6,395	8,900	1,635	680	950
Hungarian	61,235	29,060	32,175	125	70	60
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	3,690	2,045	1,645	10	5	5
Multiple responses	818,635	398,325	420,305	1,470	695	775
English and French	165,320	80,460	84,860	295	145	155
English and non-official language	533,265	259,160	274,100	1,130	530	595
French and non-official language	86,150	42,170	43,985	25	15	10
English, French and non-official language	33,900	16,535	17,365	20	10	10
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 19	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085	106,180	51,885	54,300
Single responses	33,103,860	16,298,475	16,805,395	104,050	50,920	53,130
Official languages	29,106,670	14,383,020	14,723,645	100,430	49,230	51,200
English	22,162,865	10,966,135	11,196,730	99,685	48,880	50,805
French	6,943,800	3,416,890	3,526,910	745	350	395
Non-official languages	3,997,195	1,915,450	2,081,750	3,625	1,690	1,935
Aboriginal languages	118,470	59,720	58,750	310	145	170
Algonquian languages	75,080	37,825	37,260	310	140	170
Blackfoot	1,115	555	555	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	55,825	28,135	27,685	25	10	15
Atikamekw	5,465	2,825	2,640	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	8,590	4,195	4,395	0	0	0
Moose Cree	10	5	5	0	0	0
Naskapi	1,200	595	605	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	110	55	60	5	0	0
Plains Cree	1,350	665	685	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	20	5	15	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	330	140	190	10	0	5
Woods Cree	800	410	390	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	37,945	19,240	18,710	10	0	10
Eastern Algonquian languages	3,615	1,795	1,820	0	0	0
Malecite	55	30	30	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	3,560	1,770	1,795	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	14,525	7,335	7,190	285	135	150
Algonquin	370	170	200	0	0	0
Ojibway	6,175	3,165	3,015	185	90	95
Oji-Cree	7,900	3,960	3,940	105	45	60
Ottawa (Odawa)	75	40	35	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10,265	5,125	5,135	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10,255	5,120	5,135	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Beaver	50	30	20	0	0	0
Carrier	245	115	130	0	0	0
Chilcotin	255	125	130	0	0	0
Dene	7,710	3,805	3,905	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	1,020	550	475	0	0	0
Gwich'in	45	25	25	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sekani	15	10	5	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	820	425	395	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	340	180	155	0	0	0
South Slavey	370	190	185	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	105	55	55	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	25	15	15	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	25	10	10	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	5	5	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	30	15	15	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	25	15	10	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	10	0	5	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Haida	10	5	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	29,490	14,995	14,495	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	165	75	90	0	0	0
Inuktitut	29,230	14,885	14,345	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	90	40	55	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	285	135	155	0	0	0
Cayuga	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mohawk	255	115	140	0	0	0
Oneida	15	5	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kutenai	15	10	5	0	0	0
Michif	85	40	45	0	0	0
Salish languages	285	130	150	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	45	20	25	0	0	0
Lillooet	25	15	10	0	0	0
Okanagan	85	35	45	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	55	30	20	0	0	0
Squamish	5	0	5	0	0	0
Straits	20	10	15	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages	2,225	1,085	1,140	0	0	0
Dakota	255	140	120	0	0	0
Stoney	1,950	940	1,010	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0	0	0
Tlingit	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	410	210	190	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	315	155	155	0	0	0
Nisga'a	70	40	30	0	0	0
Tsimshian	25	15	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	75	45	35	0	0	0
Haisla	20	10	15	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	30	15	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	235	110	125	0	0	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,878,725	1,855,730	2,022,995	3,305	1,545	1,760
Afro-Asiatic languages	307,755	153,275	154,480	140	85	55
Berber languages	8,105	4,215	3,895	0	0	0
Kabyle	5,490	2,855	2,640	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	2,620	1,365	1,260	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	27,095	12,455	14,640	0	0	0
Bilen	620	330	285	0	0	0
Oromo	3,410	1,700	1,710	0	0	0
Somali	22,895	10,340	12,555	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	185	85	95	0	0	0
Semitic languages	272,100	136,390	135,720	140	85	55
Amharic	12,780	6,010	6,770	5	0	0
Arabic	223,540	112,690	110,850	135	85	55
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10,510	5,090	5,425	5	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	3,445	1,695	1,750	0	0	0
Harari	735	335	400	0	0	0
Hebrew	8,560	4,425	4,135	0	0	0
Maltese	1,130	525	605	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10,205	5,040	5,170	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	1,200	585	620	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	440	215	230	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	115,210	53,500	61,710	75	30	40
Khmer (Cambodian)	10,880	4,940	5,945	0	0	0
Vietnamese	104,245	48,525	55,725	70	35	40
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	85	40	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	239,785	108,110	131,680	70	25	40
Bikol	290	140	155	0	0	0
Cebuano	7,210	3,325	3,880	5	0	5
Fijian	195	105	90	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	2,205	970	1,240	0	0	0
Ilocano	9,125	4,045	5,080	0	0	0
Malagasy	435	220	210	0	0	0
Malay	3,620	1,710	1,910	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,200	565	630	0	0	0
Pangasinan	240	110	135	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	213,790	96,235	117,555	65	30	45
Waray-Waray	310	135	170	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,160	545	620	0	0	0
Creole languages	27,860	12,005	15,850	10	0	5
Haitian Creole	1,280	575	705	5	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	24,575	10,510	14,060	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	2,005	920	1,085	5	5	5
Dravidian languages	122,490	59,780	62,710	70	35	40
Kannada	1,630	825	800	0	0	0
Malayalam	15,440	7,865	7,575	55	25	30
Tamil	96,955	46,570	50,385	15	10	5
Telugu	8,280	4,430	3,850	5	5	5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	190	85	105	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	340	160	180	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,911,215	927,225	983,985	1,910	865	1,040
Albanian	13,135	6,575	6,560	0	0	0
Armenian	21,505	10,165	11,345	5	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	314,965	149,315	165,650	420	165	255
Baltic languages	3,275	1,400	1,870	5	0	5
Latvian	1,255	530	725	0	0	0
Lithuanian	2,020	870	1,150	0	0	0
Slavic languages	311,690	147,910	163,780	415	165	255
Belarusan	230	105	120	0	0	0
Bosnian	6,045	3,010	3,040	0	0	0
Bulgarian	11,985	5,835	6,150	0	0	0
Croatian	16,775	7,980	8,795	70	25	45
Czech	6,235	3,060	3,180	5	0	5
Macedonian	6,830	3,250	3,580	0	0	0
Polish	74,780	34,910	39,870	210	85	125
Russian	116,595	55,175	61,425	20	10	10
Serbian	31,750	15,665	16,085	15	5	10
Serbo-Croatian	3,885	1,865	2,020	0	0	0
Slovak	5,615	2,685	2,920	10	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	2,050	905	1,145	20	10	15
Ukrainian	28,250	13,150	15,100	55	20	40
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	670	310	360	5	0	0
Celtic languages	360	205	155	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	185	105	80	0	0	0
Welsh	95	50	45	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	80	50	30	0	0	0
Germanic languages	146,455	71,835	74,615	50	20	25
Afrikaans	4,790	2,355	2,435	5	5	0
Danish	855	410	445	0	0	0
Dutch	9,565	4,630	4,935	5	5	5
Frisian	185	95	90	0	0	0
German	120,335	58,905	61,435	40	20	25
Icelandic	270	120	150	0	0	0
Norwegian	345	145	200	0	0	0
Swedish	1,045	500	545	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	355	170	185	0	0	0
Yiddish	7,080	3,695	3,385	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	1,625	820	810	0	0	0
Greek	44,545	21,110	23,440	40	15	20
Indo-Iranian languages	838,755	416,960	421,795	340	175	155
Indo-Aryan languages	676,185	337,440	338,745	275	140	130
Bengali	47,350	23,585	23,765	45	20	20
Gujarati	64,150	31,740	32,405	45	30	20
Hindi	55,510	27,805	27,710	50	30	20
Kashmiri	135	70	70	0	0	0
Konkani	720	355	370	0	0	0
Marathi	3,780	1,940	1,840	5	0	5
Nepali	13,375	6,710	6,670	20	10	10
Oriya (Odia)	470	235	240	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	349,145	174,905	174,240	45	25	20
Sindhi	4,975	2,280	2,695	5	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	7,790	3,860	3,925	0	0	0
Urdu	128,785	63,965	64,820	65	30	35
Iranian languages	160,195	78,310	81,880	60	35	30
Kurdish	6,580	3,400	3,175	0	0	0
Pashto	10,590	5,305	5,290	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	143,020	69,600	73,425	65	35	30
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	2,375	1,215	1,160	5	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	531,485	251,050	280,440	1,060	485	580
Catalan	355	165	190	0	0	0
Italian	115,415	49,975	65,440	805	355	450
Portuguese	98,710	46,915	51,795	125	55	70
Romanian	53,320	25,795	27,525	15	15	5
Spanish	263,510	128,110	135,400	120	60	60
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	180	85	95	0	5	0
Japanese	19,785	8,265	11,515	5	0	0
Kartvelian languages	1,040	565	475	0	0	0
Georgian	1,035	565	475	0	0	0
Korean	109,705	51,385	58,320	50	25	25
Mongolic languages	910	440	470	0	0	0
Mongolian	910	435	470	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	28,665	13,340	15,320	5	5	5
Akan (Twi)	5,990	2,695	3,295	5	0	0
Bamanankan	340	180	160	0	0	0
Edo	415	175	240	0	0	0
Ewe	410	185	225	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	825	400	425	0	0	0
Ga	250	105	140	0	0	0
Ganda	345	160	185	0	0	0
Igbo	1,000	485	510	0	5	5
Lingala	1,045	455	590	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	2,110	990	1,115	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,530	670	865	0	0	0
Shona	1,035	475	560	0	0	0
Swahili	5,370	2,500	2,870	0	0	0
Wolof	1,380	745	635	0	0	0
Yoruba	2,615	1,275	1,340	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	4,010	1,850	2,160	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	2,650	1,305	1,350	5	5	5
Dinka	1,130	580	550	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	1,525	730	800	5	0	0
Sign languages	10,445	5,870	4,570	50	30	20
American Sign Language	3,015	1,560	1,460	30	10	20
Quebec Sign Language	730	375	355	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	6,690	3,935	2,755	20	15	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	924,720	433,530	491,190	470	245	230
Chinese languages	913,365	427,860	485,505	305	160	145
Cantonese	400,215	184,340	215,885	85	40	45
Hakka	4,080	1,820	2,265	0	0	0
Mandarin	462,890	220,075	242,815	195	105	90
Min Dong	345	150	195	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	13,965	6,345	7,625	10	5	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	7,650	3,580	4,075	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	23,935	11,440	12,500	20	10	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	280	130	150	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	11,350	5,670	5,680	170	85	85
Burmese	2,245	1,115	1,125	15	5	5
Karenic languages	3,865	1,935	1,930	150	75	75
Tibetan	4,590	2,305	2,280	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	655	305	345	5	5	0
Tai-Kadai languages	9,565	4,455	5,110	10	5	10
Lao	6,175	2,995	3,180	0	0	0
Thai	3,360	1,450	1,915	10	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	30	15	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages	22,250	11,205	11,045	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	1,245	640	610	0	0	0
Turkish	18,955	9,525	9,430	0	0	0
Uyghur	610	315	290	0	0	0
Uzbek	990	505	490	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	455	230	225	0	0	0
Uralic languages	23,245	10,715	12,535	435	185	245
Estonian	975	365	610	0	0	0
Finnish	2,790	1,220	1,565	415	180	235
Hungarian	19,485	9,125	10,355	20	10	5
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	1,110	605	500	0	5	0
Multiple responses	1,663,390	802,695	860,690	2,135	965	1,170
English and French	160,185	77,940	82,235	190	95	90
English and non-official language	1,284,975	620,375	664,600	1,920	855	1,060
French and non-official language	148,915	70,915	78,000	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language	69,315	33,465	35,850	20	10	10
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 20	34,767,255	17,101,165	17,666,080	106,180	51,885	54,300
None	29,615,245	14,612,175	15,003,065	98,100	48,195	49,900
English	2,109,340	1,045,215	1,064,120	2,055	985	1,065
French	731,095	342,245	388,855	1,610	700	900
Non-official language	2,151,690	1,023,940	1,127,750	4,325	1,955	2,370
Aboriginal	90,740	42,890	47,850	775	310	465
Non-Aboriginal	2,060,945	981,055	1,079,895	3,550	1,645	1,905
English and French	47,970	23,785	24,190	5	0	5
English and non-official language	61,075	30,045	31,030	25	15	10
French and non-official language	48,755	22,690	26,065	65	20	45
English, French and non-official language	2,080	1,075	1,010	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 21	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,355	89,665	43,510	46,150
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,190	87,035	42,210	44,825
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,204	40,782	28,860	35,788	42,383	30,720
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175	87,060	42,210	44,845
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,866	35,933	26,621	32,400	37,668	28,209
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	24,583,315	12,296,595	12,286,725	77,645	38,270	39,375
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,762	39,925	26,613	33,308	40,147	27,413
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	19,743,240	8,755,815	10,987,430	64,845	29,750	35,095
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,453	4,199	6,136	7,517	7,340	7,595
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	20,428,685	10,547,760	9,880,925	61,870	31,345	30,530
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,684	39,836	28,474	34,053	39,489	30,074
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 22	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585	89,665	43,560	46,100
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	27,489,395	13,441,555	14,047,845	86,945	42,185	44,760
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,487	56,740	38,632	44,638	51,800	37,889
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	27,500,230	13,446,230	14,053,995	86,960	42,185	44,770
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,977	45,404	32,828	37,757	43,028	32,789
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	24,584,065	12,295,015	12,289,055	77,580	38,250	39,325
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,885	56,803	36,962	42,738	50,574	35,115
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	19,742,130	8,752,070	10,990,060	64,840	29,700	35,140
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,738	7,345	8,050	8,726	8,445	8,964
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	20,428,670	10,542,540	9,886,130	61,875	31,340	30,530
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,057	54,369	37,193	42,300	48,678	35,752
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 23	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585	89,665	43,560	46,100
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 24	9,367,045	5,231,015	4,136,035	27,405	14,745	12,655
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)Census data footnote 25	53,431	59,326	47,420	54,155	60,125	48,342
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)Census data footnote 26	65,997	74,289	55,510	62,182	69,234	53,966
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% dataCensus data footnote 27	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)Census data footnote 28	88.3	91.6	83.7	85.4	88.4	81.7
Employment income (%)Census data footnote 29	72.0	75.2	67.7	67.4	69.6	64.6
Government transfers (%)Census data footnote 30	11.7	8.4	16.3	14.6	11.6	18.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 31	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360	89,665	43,510	46,155
Without total income	1,154,450	546,285	608,165	2,630	1,300	1,325
With total income	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,195	87,030	42,210	44,820
Percentage with total income	96.0	96.1	95.8	97.1	97.0	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,877,620	1,668,960	2,208,655	10,050	4,490	5,555
$10,000 to $19,999	4,680,380	1,867,600	2,812,785	14,500	5,605	8,890
$20,000 to $29,999	3,807,840	1,593,335	2,214,505	12,530	5,050	7,480
$30,000 to $39,999	3,206,175	1,472,670	1,733,510	10,875	4,845	6,030
$40,000 to $49,999	2,827,045	1,376,565	1,450,480	9,745	4,625	5,120
$50,000 to $59,999	2,179,775	1,145,685	1,034,090	7,970	4,195	3,770
$60,000 to $69,999	1,655,070	938,755	716,310	5,750	3,400	2,350
$70,000 to $79,999	1,271,850	745,830	526,015	4,195	2,515	1,680
$80,000 to $89,999	966,885	579,290	387,590	3,110	1,870	1,235
$90,000 to $99,999	749,290	452,240	297,050	2,610	1,540	1,065
$100,000 and over	2,266,600	1,603,400	663,195	5,710	4,065	1,640
$100,000 to $149,999	1,493,570	1,024,210	469,365	4,210	2,975	1,240
$150,000 and over	773,025	579,190	193,830	1,495	1,095	400
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 32	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360	89,665	43,510	46,155
Without after-tax income	1,143,795	541,620	602,175	2,605	1,300	1,310
With after-tax income	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175	87,055	42,210	44,845
Percentage with after-tax income	96.0	96.1	95.9	97.1	97.0	97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,004,475	1,706,825	2,297,645	10,435	4,555	5,885
$10,000 to $19,999	4,905,055	1,972,920	2,932,130	15,225	5,930	9,300
$20,000 to $29,999	4,489,925	1,926,175	2,563,755	14,575	5,985	8,585
$30,000 to $39,999	3,924,960	1,870,705	2,054,250	13,075	6,040	7,035
$40,000 to $49,999	3,144,200	1,619,670	1,524,525	11,320	5,730	5,595
$50,000 to $59,999	2,209,280	1,245,570	963,705	7,615	4,450	3,165
$60,000 to $69,999	1,540,300	912,230	628,065	5,190	3,160	2,030
$70,000 to $79,999	1,076,180	654,570	421,610	3,735	2,245	1,490
$80,000 and over	2,204,820	1,540,335	664,485	5,885	4,115	1,770
$80,000 to $89,999	688,705	444,550	244,145	2,375	1,550	830
$90,000 to $99,999	420,975	291,090	129,885	1,100	790	310
$100,000 and over	1,095,140	804,690	290,445	2,405	1,780	625
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 33	28,642,980	13,990,625	14,652,360	89,660	43,510	46,155
Without employment income	8,214,295	3,442,860	4,771,430	27,790	12,165	15,625
With employment income	20,428,690	10,547,760	9,880,925	61,870	31,345	30,530
Percentage with employment income	71.3	75.4	67.4	69.0	72.0	66.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,778,990	1,357,430	1,421,560	9,035	4,540	4,495
$5,000 to $9,999	1,602,140	697,025	905,120	4,675	2,075	2,600
$10,000 to $19,999	2,736,010	1,212,855	1,523,155	7,955	3,485	4,475
$20,000 to $29,999	2,293,785	1,022,090	1,271,695	6,685	3,020	3,670
$30,000 to $39,999	2,149,860	1,001,065	1,148,795	6,245	2,695	3,550
$40,000 to $49,999	1,928,565	946,625	981,940	6,255	2,730	3,520
$50,000 to $59,999	1,554,100	839,045	715,055	5,330	2,795	2,535
$60,000 to $69,999	1,220,310	708,270	512,040	3,830	2,275	1,550
$70,000 to $79,999	992,170	591,945	400,225	3,020	1,815	1,210
$80,000 and over	3,172,770	2,171,415	1,001,355	8,840	5,915	2,925
$80,000 to $89,999	773,755	475,700	298,055	2,445	1,460	980
$90,000 to $99,999	623,980	382,330	241,650	2,215	1,295	920
$100,000 and over	1,775,030	1,313,385	461,645	4,175	3,160	1,020
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% dataCensus data footnote 34	14,072,080	...	...	47,180	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	70,336	...	...	66,163	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	61,348	...	...	58,522	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	3,969,790	...	...	15,730	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,174	...	...	34,831	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,446	...	...	31,606	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	10,102,290	...	...	31,455	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	88,249	...	...	88,232	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	76,419	...	...	77,141	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 35	14,072,075	...	...	47,185	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	92,764	...	...	82,257	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	76,171	...	...	69,583	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,967,765	...	...	15,720	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	46,799	...	...	42,689	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	38,685	...	...	36,529	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	10,104,315	...	...	31,465	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	110,813	...	...	102,020	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	90,890	...	...	86,092	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 36	14,072,075	...	...	47,180	...	...
Under $5,000	228,790	...	...	490	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	200,315	...	...	740	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	374,575	...	...	1,755	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	565,940	...	...	1,980	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	602,800	...	...	2,285	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	538,710	...	...	1,890	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	603,480	...	...	2,070	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	606,600	...	...	2,245	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	596,110	...	...	2,080	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	578,325	...	...	2,035	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,097,345	...	...	3,880	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,010,415	...	...	3,450	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	924,320	...	...	3,100	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	836,765	...	...	2,820	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	745,655	...	...	2,475	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,561,920	...	...	13,880	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,470,255	...	...	5,005	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,016,245	...	...	3,240	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,116,140	...	...	3,465	...	...
$200,000 and over	959,285	...	...	2,175	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 32	14,072,075	...	...	47,180	...	...
Under $5,000	243,780	...	...	525	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	203,865	...	...	740	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	380,680	...	...	1,795	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	591,660	...	...	2,065	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	673,740	...	...	2,565	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	628,225	...	...	2,180	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	719,825	...	...	2,475	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	725,675	...	...	2,570	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	711,180	...	...	2,525	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	691,695	...	...	2,440	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,299,680	...	...	4,285	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,169,515	...	...	3,920	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,041,635	...	...	3,510	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	900,055	...	...	3,015	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	757,295	...	...	2,560	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,333,575	...	...	10,005	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,371,945	...	...	4,495	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	809,540	...	...	2,590	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,152,090	...	...	2,920	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 37	9,688,845	...	...	30,020	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	88,306	...	...	88,934	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	76,372	...	...	77,624	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	3,706,220	...	...	12,165	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	78,976	...	...	81,694	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	68,309	...	...	71,540	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	4,222,140	...	...	11,255	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	113,465	...	...	120,765	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	96,608	...	...	103,640	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,481,410	...	...	5,745	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,193	...	...	52,634	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,856	...	...	48,923	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 38	9,689,855	...	...	30,070	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	111,235	...	...	103,021	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	91,040	...	...	86,772	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	3,706,400	...	...	12,165	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	101,086	...	...	94,517	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	82,296	...	...	79,641	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	4,225,855	...	...	11,315	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	137,094	...	...	134,041	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,307	...	...	111,355	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,477,190	...	...	5,710	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	65,549	...	...	62,097	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	56,687	...	...	55,051	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 21	5,313,545	2,608,845	2,704,705	20,010	9,630	10,380
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 39	31,890	34,483	29,801	31,545	33,276	30,289
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 39	28,959	30,746	27,495	28,929	30,152	28,130
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 40	5,299,050	2,596,985	2,702,070	19,810	9,500	10,305
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 41	42,939	46,085	39,915	39,540	42,452	36,855
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 41	35,801	37,724	33,952	34,017	35,871	32,307
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 42	34,460,065	16,971,550	17,488,515	105,220	51,505	53,720
In the bottom half of the distribution	17,229,835	8,256,970	8,972,865	50,070	23,600	26,470
In the bottom decile	3,445,950	1,672,900	1,773,050	11,270	5,550	5,730
In the second decile	3,445,660	1,564,965	1,880,700	9,495	4,110	5,385
In the third decile	3,446,165	1,641,930	1,804,235	9,220	4,245	4,975
In the fourth decile	3,445,850	1,677,120	1,768,730	9,760	4,600	5,155
In the fifth decile	3,446,210	1,700,060	1,746,150	10,325	5,095	5,225
In the top half of the distribution	17,230,230	8,714,580	8,515,650	55,150	27,900	27,250
In the sixth decile	3,445,695	1,716,510	1,729,185	11,065	5,445	5,620
In the seventh decile	3,446,470	1,730,975	1,715,500	11,100	5,575	5,520
In the eighth decile	3,445,940	1,741,640	1,704,300	11,835	5,995	5,845
In the ninth decile	3,446,045	1,751,850	1,694,195	11,895	6,135	5,760
In the top decile	3,446,080	1,773,600	1,672,475	9,260	4,755	4,505
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% dataCensus data footnote 43	33,968,295	16,724,265	17,244,035	105,220	51,500	53,715
0 to 17 years	6,836,380	3,504,250	3,332,125	19,010	9,760	9,245
0 to 5 years	2,228,770	1,142,505	1,086,270	6,120	3,175	2,945
18 to 64 years	21,695,090	10,690,090	11,005,005	66,430	32,775	33,655
65 years and over	5,436,830	2,529,930	2,906,905	19,785	8,965	10,815
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,809,940	2,243,200	2,566,740	15,495	7,170	8,325
0 to 17 years	1,163,830	597,570	566,255	4,095	2,130	1,970
0 to 5 years	396,095	203,055	193,030	1,590	840	750
18 to 64 years	2,855,290	1,341,590	1,513,700	9,300	4,375	4,920
65 years and over	790,825	304,040	486,780	2,100	665	1,435
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.2	13.4	14.9	14.7	13.9	15.5
0 to 17 years (%)	17.0	17.1	17.0	21.5	21.8	21.3
0 to 5 years (%)	17.8	17.8	17.8	26.0	26.5	25.5
18 to 64 years (%)	13.2	12.5	13.8	14.0	13.3	14.6
65 years and over (%)	14.5	12.0	16.7	10.6	7.4	13.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,128,995	1,519,370	1,609,630	9,100	4,585	4,515
0 to 17 years	696,025	357,255	338,770	2,170	1,155	1,010
0 to 5 years	236,435	121,170	115,260	905	485	420
18 to 64 years	2,157,745	1,057,585	1,100,160	6,540	3,295	3,245
65 years and over	275,225	104,525	170,695	390	135	255
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.2	9.1	9.3	8.6	8.9	8.4
0 to 17 years (%)	10.2	10.2	10.2	11.4	11.8	10.9
0 to 5 years (%)	10.6	10.6	10.6	14.8	15.3	14.3
18 to 64 years (%)	9.9	9.9	10.0	9.8	10.1	9.6
65 years and over (%)	5.1	4.1	5.9	2.0	1.5	2.4
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 44	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	105,225	51,500	53,720
Official languages	33,818,210	16,709,290	17,108,920	104,795	51,340	53,460
English	29,748,265	14,806,270	14,941,995	104,735	51,295	53,440
French	10,242,945	4,952,455	5,290,495	8,295	3,630	4,670
Non-official languages	9,369,280	4,488,185	4,881,090	15,210	7,170	8,040
Aboriginal languages	263,845	127,550	136,295	1,675	735	940
Algonquian languages	177,570	85,505	92,065	1,680	735	940
Blackfoot	5,645	2,695	2,950	10	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	116,585	56,515	60,070	125	35	90
Atikamekw	6,640	3,335	3,305	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	11,440	5,500	5,945	0	0	0
Moose Cree	195	80	115	0	0	0
Naskapi	1,465	710	755	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	545	225	320	0	0	0
Plains Cree	5,905	2,705	3,200	10	0	0
Southern East Cree	40	30	10	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	2,345	995	1,350	10	0	10
Woods Cree	2,665	1,230	1,435	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	86,115	42,080	44,035	110	30	80
Eastern Algonquian languages	9,765	4,710	5,050	0	0	0
Malecite	755	370	390	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	9,025	4,350	4,670	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	46,685	22,100	24,585	1,570	700	870
Algonquin	2,480	1,165	1,315	0	0	0
Ojibway	28,585	13,365	15,220	920	420	500
Oji-Cree	15,610	7,575	8,030	660	290	370
Ottawa (Odawa)	205	105	105	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	120	60	60	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	23,655	11,340	12,320	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	23,570	11,300	12,265	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	210	105	100	0	0	0
Beaver	340	180	165	0	0	0
Carrier	2,105	955	1,145	0	0	0
Chilcotin	1,150	535	610	0	0	0
Dene	13,060	6,270	6,790	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	2,375	1,210	1,165	0	0	0
Gwich'in	360	165	200	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	150	60	90	0	0	0
Sekani	185	85	100	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	2,815	1,340	1,475	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	1,010	475	530	0	0	0
South Slavey	1,365	660	710	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	680	320	360	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	630	340	285	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	365	205	170	0	0	0
Tahltan	270	140	130	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	420	160	260	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	285	115	170	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	145	50	95	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	85	35	50	0	0	0
Haida	465	205	260	0	0	0
Inuit languages	42,980	21,355	21,630	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	1,975	895	1,080	0	0	0
Inuktitut	40,620	20,280	20,340	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	470	225	240	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	2,800	1,240	1,555	0	0	0
Cayuga	125	40	85	0	0	0
Mohawk	2,415	1,120	1,295	0	0	0
Oneida	180	60	125	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	115	45	75	0	0	0
Kutenai	175	95	80	0	0	0
Michif	1,210	585	625	0	0	0
Salish languages	5,750	2,730	3,015	0	0	0
Comox	185	75	110	0	0	0
Halkomelem	1,060	475	585	0	0	0
Lillooet	790	405	385	0	0	0
Okanagan	820	370	450	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	1,305	640	665	0	0	0
Squamish	285	125	155	0	0	0
Straits	360	160	200	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	450	220	235	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	565	295	270	0	0	0
Siouan languages	5,430	2,665	2,770	0	0	0
Dakota	1,760	870	890	0	0	0
Stoney	3,675	1,805	1,875	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	140	70	70	0	0	0
Tlingit	260	140	120	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	2,730	1,350	1,380	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	1,305	645	660	0	0	0
Nisga'a	1,060	545	515	0	0	0
Tsimshian	410	180	235	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	1,490	680	805	0	0	0
Haisla	175	65	110	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	125	50	75	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	605	285	320	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	565	265	300	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	665	310	360	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	9,107,075	4,361,420	4,745,660	13,550	6,445	7,105
Afro-Asiatic languages	837,355	432,560	404,795	445	255	190
Berber languages	29,460	15,745	13,715	10	10	0
Kabyle	17,120	9,100	8,015	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	12,505	6,735	5,775	10	10	0
Cushitic languages	57,125	26,870	30,250	10	10	0
Bilen	1,085	625	470	0	0	0
Oromo	6,245	3,070	3,175	0	0	0
Somali	49,665	23,070	26,590	10	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	480	220	265	0	0	0
Semitic languages	771,130	400,780	370,350	430	240	185
Amharic	33,670	16,675	16,995	0	0	0
Arabic	629,055	329,235	299,820	400	215	175
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	19,745	9,720	10,020	15	15	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	7,115	3,505	3,610	0	0	0
Harari	1,710	855	860	0	0	0
Hebrew	75,020	38,730	36,290	10	10	10
Maltese	7,625	3,760	3,870	0	0	0
Tigrigna	21,340	10,640	10,705	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	3,220	1,655	1,565	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	2,775	1,440	1,335	10	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	224,865	105,845	119,020	100	30	75
Khmer (Cambodian)	27,035	12,640	14,400	0	0	0
Vietnamese	198,895	93,735	105,155	100	30	75
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	190	70	120	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	656,200	273,075	383,125	275	100	175
Bikol	2,075	885	1,190	0	0	0
Cebuano	27,045	10,960	16,085	15	0	10
Fijian	1,660	955	705	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	7,925	3,200	4,720	10	0	0
Ilocano	34,530	13,805	20,730	15	0	10
Malagasy	2,335	1,120	1,220	0	0	0
Malay	22,470	10,370	12,100	45	20	15
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5,425	2,445	2,980	0	0	0
Pangasinan	1,800	790	1,015	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	612,735	253,210	359,530	235	75	155
Waray-Waray	1,395	530	860	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5,585	2,540	3,040	10	0	0
Creole languages	155,615	70,545	85,070	70	55	20
Haitian Creole	6,850	3,140	3,710	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	133,045	59,890	73,160	10	10	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	16,635	7,955	8,675	65	50	15
Dravidian languages	250,180	126,220	123,960	125	60	75
Kannada	8,245	4,180	4,065	0	0	0
Malayalam	37,810	19,410	18,400	85	40	45
Tamil	189,860	94,640	95,220	40	20	25
Telugu	23,160	12,770	10,390	10	10	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	790	385	405	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	870	435	435	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	5,158,010	2,506,455	2,651,555	9,230	4,460	4,775
Albanian	31,930	16,140	15,790	0	0	0
Armenian	41,295	19,980	21,315	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	817,315	384,960	432,350	2,345	1,050	1,295
Baltic languages	14,675	6,470	8,205	15	0	20
Latvian	6,500	2,960	3,540	10	0	10
Lithuanian	8,185	3,510	4,675	10	0	10
Slavic languages	805,915	379,965	425,945	2,330	1,050	1,275
Belarusan	2,265	1,070	1,195	0	0	0
Bosnian	18,265	9,055	9,215	10	0	0
Bulgarian	22,425	10,920	11,505	0	0	0
Croatian	69,840	34,515	35,325	320	180	135
Czech	28,720	13,675	15,050	65	30	30
Macedonian	23,075	11,190	11,880	0	0	0
Polish	214,965	99,365	115,600	1,065	490	580
Russian	269,645	127,055	142,595	150	60	90
Serbian	73,775	37,040	36,740	85	35	50
Serbo-Croatian	11,275	5,525	5,750	20	20	0
Slovak	21,470	10,215	11,255	175	85	95
Slovene (Slovenian)	11,495	5,205	6,290	85	35	50
Ukrainian	132,115	58,820	73,300	565	210	350
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	3,000	1,590	1,405	20	10	10
Celtic languages	9,165	4,705	4,455	15	10	0
Scottish Gaelic	3,980	2,010	1,975	0	0	0
Welsh	1,690	830	860	0	10	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	3,590	1,915	1,680	0	0	0
Germanic languages	695,535	337,215	358,320	1,050	465	585
Afrikaans	23,410	11,795	11,610	30	20	10
Danish	15,745	7,320	8,425	45	15	30
Dutch	120,865	57,885	62,990	170	75	95
Frisian	2,910	1,515	1,395	10	0	10
German	502,730	245,745	256,985	755	340	415
Icelandic	1,780	830	945	0	0	0
Norwegian	8,120	3,860	4,260	15	10	10
Swedish	14,140	6,510	7,635	45	10	35
Vlaams (Flemish)	4,400	1,945	2,455	10	0	0
Yiddish	20,985	10,435	10,550	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	8,710	4,425	4,285	0	0	0
Greek	150,965	75,510	75,455	165	95	65
Indo-Iranian languages	1,658,220	840,850	817,365	880	495	380
Indo-Aryan languages	1,387,805	704,370	683,435	695	395	300
Bengali	91,220	46,935	44,285	190	110	75
Gujarati	149,045	74,765	74,285	65	45	25
Hindi	433,365	221,665	211,700	265	155	105
Kashmiri	905	490	420	0	0	0
Konkani	6,790	3,185	3,605	0	0	0
Marathi	15,570	8,200	7,365	15	10	10
Nepali	21,380	10,915	10,470	40	25	10
Oriya (Odia)	1,535	755	775	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	668,240	341,450	326,790	95	50	45
Sindhi	20,260	9,310	10,945	10	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	27,825	13,970	13,855	10	10	0
Urdu	322,220	164,685	157,535	185	95	90
Iranian languages	281,715	142,030	139,680	195	105	85
Kurdish	15,290	8,290	7,000	0	0	0
Pashto	23,180	12,465	10,715	15	10	10
Persian (Farsi)	252,320	126,565	125,755	175	95	85
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	8,875	4,715	4,155	20	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages	1,897,630	898,530	999,100	4,900	2,395	2,510
Catalan	2,035	1,145	890	0	0	0
Italian	574,725	278,500	296,225	3,680	1,820	1,855
Portuguese	295,955	144,465	151,485	430	200	225
Romanian	115,050	55,275	59,770	20	10	10
Spanish	995,255	460,250	535,010	855	400	455
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	2,680	1,610	1,075	20	0	15
Japanese	83,090	36,760	46,335	50	25	20
Kartvelian languages	2,150	1,075	1,075	0	0	0
Georgian	2,150	1,080	1,070	0	0	0
Korean	172,755	80,170	92,590	160	70	90
Mongolic languages	2,090	960	1,130	0	0	0
Mongolian	2,090	960	1,130	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	177,215	88,135	89,080	170	105	65
Akan (Twi)	22,145	10,810	11,340	35	25	15
Bamanankan	3,190	1,660	1,530	0	0	0
Edo	3,220	1,510	1,705	0	0	0
Ewe	3,000	1,685	1,315	10	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	4,725	2,460	2,260	0	0	0
Ga	2,250	1,140	1,110	0	0	0
Ganda	2,495	1,175	1,320	0	0	0
Igbo	8,850	4,710	4,140	15	15	0
Lingala	17,010	7,865	9,145	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	8,590	4,075	4,515	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	7,860	3,600	4,260	0	0	0
Shona	5,425	2,530	2,905	10	10	0
Swahili	38,680	19,565	19,115	10	0	0
Wolof	8,240	4,455	3,785	0	0	10
Yoruba	22,420	11,475	10,940	20	15	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40,760	20,375	20,385	65	40	35
Nilo-Saharan languages	7,015	3,520	3,495	0	0	0
Dinka	2,475	1,280	1,190	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	4,555	2,240	2,315	0	0	0
Sign languages	48,115	18,985	29,130	155	75	85
American Sign Language	21,930	7,780	14,155	85	25	65
Quebec Sign Language	4,665	1,665	3,005	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	22,275	9,835	12,440	70	55	20
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,430,440	672,100	758,340	870	415	455
Chinese languages	1,413,110	663,465	749,640	570	275	290
Cantonese	699,125	325,840	373,285	220	95	120
Hakka	12,445	5,555	6,890	0	0	0
Mandarin	814,450	377,635	436,815	335	175	155
Min Dong	1,045	440	600	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	42,840	19,005	23,835	25	0	20
Wu (Shanghainese)	16,530	7,490	9,040	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	41,690	19,995	21,690	40	15	20
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	590	250	340	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	18,270	9,100	9,175	305	140	160
Burmese	4,995	2,490	2,500	80	45	30
Karenic languages	4,895	2,425	2,475	270	130	150
Tibetan	7,050	3,555	3,490	10	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	2,375	1,160	1,220	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	30,400	13,210	17,195	25	0	20
Lao	17,235	8,240	8,990	0	10	0
Thai	15,390	5,875	9,520	20	0	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	115	50	65	0	0	0
Turkic languages	60,530	31,585	28,945	10	0	0
Azerbaijani	5,450	2,885	2,565	0	0	0
Turkish	50,775	26,605	24,165	10	10	0
Uyghur	1,385	685	700	0	0	0
Uzbek	2,465	1,230	1,235	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	1,870	905	965	0	0	0
Uralic languages	94,810	44,270	50,545	2,065	880	1,185
Estonian	6,070	2,750	3,315	45	10	35
Finnish	17,595	7,540	10,050	1,860	785	1,080
Hungarian	71,285	34,005	37,280	160	85	70
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	9,730	5,375	4,355	10	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 45	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490	105,225	51,500	53,720
Canadian citizensCensus data footnote 46	32,034,590	15,799,495	16,235,090	102,835	50,285	52,550
Canadian citizens aged under 18	6,652,795	3,412,785	3,240,010	19,020	9,740	9,280
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	25,381,795	12,386,710	12,995,080	83,810	40,545	43,270
Not Canadian citizensCensus data footnote 47	2,425,480	1,172,085	1,253,400	2,390	1,215	1,170
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 48	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	105,220	51,505	53,720
Non-immigrantsCensus data footnote 49	26,412,610	13,124,325	13,288,290	94,650	46,300	48,350
ImmigrantsCensus data footnote 50	7,540,830	3,586,495	3,954,330	9,700	4,735	4,965
Before 1981	1,941,510	927,795	1,013,715	6,285	2,930	3,350
1981 to 1990	915,555	439,245	476,310	805	430	375
1991 to 2000	1,486,655	696,720	789,940	820	420	400
2001 to 2010	1,985,035	940,570	1,044,465	1,145	610	540
2001 to 2005	928,935	439,890	489,050	515	300	210
2006 to 2010	1,056,095	500,680	555,415	635	310	320
2011 to 2016Census data footnote 51	1,212,075	582,175	629,895	645	340	305
Non-permanent residentsCensus data footnote 52	506,625	260,755	245,870	870	465	400
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 53	7,540,830	3,586,500	3,954,335	9,700	4,740	4,965
Under 5 years	731,340	364,165	367,175	1,545	755	790
5 to 14 years	1,311,810	665,870	645,945	2,030	990	1,045
15 to 24 years	1,604,430	724,430	880,005	2,630	1,285	1,340
25 to 44 years	3,198,920	1,513,970	1,684,950	3,180	1,590	1,600
45 years and over	694,320	318,060	376,260	310	115	190
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 54	7,540,830	3,586,495	3,954,330	9,700	4,735	4,965
Americas	1,128,745	510,650	618,100	1,075	495	580
Brazil	29,320	13,235	16,080	15	0	0
Colombia	70,035	32,065	37,965	55	25	30
El Salvador	48,080	23,865	24,215	25	15	10
Guyana	87,685	38,940	48,745	10	10	10
Haiti	93,480	40,955	52,525	10	10	0
Jamaica	138,345	59,960	78,390	25	20	10
Mexico	80,585	37,530	43,055	45	10	30
Peru	29,615	12,950	16,665	20	15	0
Trinidad and Tobago	65,040	29,325	35,710	25	0	20
United StatesCensus data footnote 55	253,715	113,505	140,215	725	320	400
Other places of birth in Americas	232,850	108,325	124,530	135	75	55
Europe	2,088,410	1,015,145	1,073,260	6,545	3,135	3,405
Bosnia and Herzegovina	36,135	18,050	18,085	25	10	15
Croatia	40,045	20,005	20,035	185	110	75
France	105,565	55,395	50,170	70	25	45
Germany	145,845	69,525	76,320	520	255	265
Greece	62,715	31,580	31,135	80	40	40
Hungary	36,820	17,945	18,875	95	60	30
IrelandCensus data footnote 56	28,325	14,355	13,970	65	35	35
Italy	236,640	118,595	118,040	2,025	1,040	980
Netherlands	88,475	45,185	43,295	165	60	105
Poland	146,465	66,450	80,020	635	295	340
Portugal	139,450	68,150	71,300	220	115	105
Romania	90,305	42,795	47,510	25	15	15
Russian Federation	78,685	34,265	44,420	50	20	30
SerbiaCensus data footnote 57	33,320	16,325	17,000	60	30	30
Ukraine	73,030	33,360	39,665	80	25	55
United KingdomCensus data footnote 58	499,115	243,225	255,890	1,005	480	525
Other places of birth in Europe	247,470	119,945	127,530	1,230	515	710
Africa	637,485	322,510	314,970	265	180	85
Algeria	64,620	33,920	30,705	10	10	0
Egypt	64,615	34,125	30,495	10	10	0
Ethiopia	32,790	15,980	16,810	0	0	0
Kenya	27,150	12,810	14,340	25	15	10
Morocco	69,655	36,120	33,535	0	0	0
Nigeria	42,430	21,830	20,600	20	20	0
Somalia	27,230	12,070	15,160	10	10	0
South Africa, Republic of	44,660	22,205	22,460	20	20	0
Other places of birth in Africa	264,320	133,450	130,870	170	100	75
Asia	3,629,160	1,709,985	1,919,175	1,735	870	870
Afghanistan	51,955	26,030	25,930	15	10	0
Bangladesh	58,735	29,875	28,865	120	70	45
ChinaCensus data footnote 59	649,260	290,800	358,460	240	125	120
Hong KongCensus data footnote 60	208,940	98,020	110,915	60	35	25
India	668,565	334,030	334,540	175	120	55
IranCensus data footnote 61	154,425	77,970	76,455	115	70	50
Iraq	68,485	34,785	33,705	20	0	15
Japan	27,240	7,955	19,285	0	0	0
Korea, SouthCensus data footnote 62	123,305	57,170	66,140	30	15	20
Lebanon	88,745	47,295	41,450	30	15	10
Pakistan	202,260	103,225	99,035	110	50	65
Philippines	588,305	247,095	341,210	235	85	150
Sri Lanka	131,995	64,825	67,170	15	0	15
SyriaCensus data footnote 63	52,960	26,595	26,365	20	10	15
Taiwan	63,770	28,170	35,605	10	0	10
Viet Nam	169,250	78,000	91,250	85	35	50
Other places of birth in Asia	320,965	158,150	162,815	455	230	220
Oceania and other places of birthCensus data footnote 64	57,030	28,210	28,825	80	60	20
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 54	1,212,075	582,180	629,895	645	340	305
Americas	152,595	72,870	79,720	125	60	65
Brazil	8,500	4,000	4,490	0	0	0
Colombia	15,300	6,885	8,415	0	0	0
Cuba	5,370	2,545	2,820	0	0	0
Haiti	19,985	9,160	10,830	0	0	0
Jamaica	12,495	6,680	5,820	10	10	0
Mexico	18,660	9,090	9,575	0	0	0
United StatesCensus data footnote 55	33,060	16,480	16,580	85	45	40
VenezuelaCensus data footnote 65	6,425	2,990	3,435	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	32,790	15,040	17,750	25	10	15
Europe	140,030	70,995	69,035	55	20	35
France	24,150	13,000	11,150	10	0	0
Germany	6,300	3,255	3,045	10	0	10
IrelandCensus data footnote 56	5,660	3,540	2,120	0	0	0
MoldovaCensus data footnote 66	5,900	2,735	3,165	0	0	0
Romania	7,610	3,330	4,280	0	0	0
Russian Federation	11,565	4,485	7,080	0	0	0
Ukraine	13,425	6,015	7,410	0	10	0
United KingdomCensus data footnote 58	24,445	14,235	10,215	15	10	0
Other places of birth in Europe	40,970	20,405	20,570	25	0	20
Africa	162,800	81,545	81,245	40	25	10
Algeria	17,175	8,440	8,735	0	10	0
Cameroon	10,265	5,005	5,255	10	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	7,400	3,570	3,835	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	6,240	3,030	3,210	0	0	0
Egypt	16,115	8,445	7,665	0	0	0
Eritrea	6,050	3,195	2,855	0	0	0
Ethiopia	7,510	3,625	3,890	0	0	0
Morocco	15,105	7,470	7,635	0	0	0
Nigeria	17,285	8,850	8,435	10	10	0
Somalia	5,335	2,600	2,730	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	5,765	2,935	2,830	0	0	0
Tunisia	6,700	3,475	3,230	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	41,855	20,905	20,950	25	15	10
Asia	748,700	352,095	396,610	405	220	190
Afghanistan	9,240	4,530	4,710	10	0	0
Bangladesh	12,900	6,445	6,460	15	10	0
ChinaCensus data footnote 59	129,020	57,745	71,270	40	25	15
Hong KongCensus data footnote 60	4,975	2,090	2,880	0	0	0
India	147,190	75,145	72,045	60	50	10
IranCensus data footnote 61	42,070	20,580	21,490	40	15	20
Iraq	20,665	10,345	10,320	0	0	0
Israel	4,740	2,615	2,130	0	0	0
Japan	4,905	1,250	3,655	0	0	0
Korea, SouthCensus data footnote 62	21,710	9,630	12,075	0	0	10
Lebanon	9,375	4,980	4,400	0	0	0
Nepal	7,505	3,780	3,715	40	30	10
Pakistan	41,480	20,530	20,945	30	10	20
Philippines	188,810	83,050	105,760	40	15	25
Saudi Arabia	5,465	2,820	2,640	15	0	15
Sri Lanka	11,495	5,190	6,305	0	0	0
SyriaCensus data footnote 63	29,945	15,245	14,700	15	10	15
Taiwan	4,310	1,685	2,625	10	0	10
Turkey	4,255	2,365	1,890	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	6,135	3,220	2,910	0	0	0
Viet Nam	11,210	4,500	6,705	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	31,320	14,345	16,970	75	45	30
Oceania and otherCensus data footnote 64	7,955	4,670	3,280	15	15	0
Australia	4,965	2,950	2,010	10	10	0
Other places of birthCensus data footnote 67	2,990	1,720	1,270	0	10	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 68	34,460,060	16,971,575	17,488,485	105,225	51,500	53,720
First generationCensus data footnote 69	8,219,555	3,936,045	4,283,505	10,890	5,395	5,500
Second generationCensus data footnote 70	6,100,725	3,053,075	3,047,650	20,185	9,780	10,410
Third generation or moreCensus data footnote 71	20,139,790	9,982,460	10,157,330	74,145	36,330	37,810
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 72	5,703,615	2,709,530	2,994,085	3,565	1,875	1,690
Economic immigrantsCensus data footnote 73	2,994,130	1,496,240	1,497,885	1,450	800	650
Principal applicantsCensus data footnote 74	1,220,755	755,370	465,380	635	455	180
Secondary applicantsCensus data footnote 75	1,773,380	740,870	1,032,510	820	350	470
Immigrants sponsored by familyCensus data footnote 76	1,782,490	728,085	1,054,400	1,250	595	655
RefugeesCensus data footnote 77	858,845	453,675	405,175	840	480	360
Other immigrantsCensus data footnote 78	68,145	31,530	36,615	15	0	20
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 79	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	105,225	51,505	53,720
Aboriginal identityCensus data footnote 80	1,673,785	813,520	860,265	13,490	6,365	7,120
Single Aboriginal responsesCensus data footnote 81	1,629,805	792,970	836,835	13,245	6,220	7,025
First Nations (North American Indian)Census data footnote 82	977,235	471,510	505,725	10,165	4,760	5,410
Métis	587,545	289,435	298,115	3,050	1,450	1,600
Inuk (Inuit)	65,030	32,030	32,995	30	15	15
Multiple Aboriginal responsesCensus data footnote 83	21,310	10,165	11,145	105	85	25
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhereCensus data footnote 84	22,670	10,385	12,290	135	60	70
Non-Aboriginal identity	32,786,280	16,158,060	16,628,225	91,735	45,135	46,600
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 85	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490	105,225	51,505	53,720
Registered or Treaty IndianCensus data footnote 86	820,120	395,670	424,445	9,340	4,350	4,995
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	33,639,945	16,575,905	17,064,040	95,885	47,155	48,725
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 87	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,490	105,220	51,505	53,720
Aboriginal ancestry (only)Census data footnote 88	727,790	356,970	370,815	5,260	2,460	2,805
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)Census data footnote 89	709,235	347,985	361,245	5,245	2,445	2,795
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestryCensus data footnote 82	573,215	280,040	293,180	4,915	2,280	2,635
Métis single ancestry	91,255	45,740	45,515	310	165	145
Inuit single ancestry	44,765	22,210	22,555	15	0	15
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)Census data footnote 90	18,555	8,985	9,565	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	15,140	7,305	7,835	20	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	2,470	1,205	1,265	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	770	390	380	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	170	85	85	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesCensus data footnote 91	1,402,735	669,710	733,025	8,665	4,140	4,525
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesCensus data footnote 92	1,347,610	644,210	703,400	8,375	4,015	4,355
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	881,455	418,215	463,235	5,870	2,835	3,030
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	441,000	213,940	227,065	2,460	1,155	1,305
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25,155	12,045	13,105	45	25	25
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesCensus data footnote 93	55,125	25,505	29,625	290	125	165
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	49,325	22,740	26,585	255	110	140
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,470	1,655	1,815	35	10	25
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,005	940	1,065	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	325	170	160	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)Census data footnote 94	32,329,545	15,944,900	16,384,645	91,295	44,910	46,390
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 95	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	105,225	51,500	53,720
Total visible minority populationCensus data footnote 96	7,674,580	3,725,090	3,949,495	4,705	2,450	2,260
South AsianCensus data footnote 97	1,924,635	977,690	946,945	935	520	415
Chinese	1,577,060	746,400	830,665	745	350	390
Black	1,198,540	580,070	618,475	665	385	280
Filipino	780,125	341,800	438,330	360	150	210
Latin American	447,325	215,460	231,860	340	185	155
Arab	523,235	276,425	246,810	345	190	155
Southeast AsianCensus data footnote 98	313,260	148,880	164,385	510	230	280
West AsianCensus data footnote 99	264,305	133,475	130,825	170	90	80
Korean	188,710	89,110	99,600	185	100	85
Japanese	92,920	40,105	52,815	225	135	90
Visible minority, n.i.e.Census data footnote 100	132,090	62,540	69,550	35	15	20
Multiple visible minoritiesCensus data footnote 101	232,375	113,140	119,230	200	95	105
Not a visible minorityCensus data footnote 102	26,785,480	13,246,485	13,539,000	100,515	49,055	51,460
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 103	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	105,225	51,505	53,720
North American Aboriginal origins	2,130,520	1,026,675	1,103,840	13,925	6,595	7,330
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,525,570	731,410	794,155	11,090	5,250	5,840
Inuit	79,130	38,695	40,435	100	35	60
Métis	599,995	291,310	308,690	3,040	1,445	1,600
Other North American origins	11,628,535	5,745,695	5,882,835	25,545	12,725	12,820
Acadian	119,675	57,805	61,865	110	40	75
American	377,405	182,690	194,715	1,200	565	635
Canadian	11,135,965	5,501,595	5,634,370	24,655	12,350	12,305
New Brunswicker	1,490	800	685	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	22,215	11,420	10,800	95	50	50
Nova Scotian	3,700	1,770	1,930	0	0	0
Ontarian	3,925	1,980	1,945	30	10	20
Québécois	194,560	99,320	95,235	25	10	20
Other North American origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 104	1,895	950	945	0	0	0
European origins	19,683,320	9,687,715	9,995,605	86,065	41,945	44,120
British Isles origins	11,211,850	5,474,735	5,737,115	49,340	23,710	25,630
Channel Islander	3,595	1,740	1,855	0	0	0
Cornish	1,975	995	975	10	10	0
English	6,320,085	3,069,515	3,250,570	28,760	13,815	14,945
Irish	4,627,000	2,195,620	2,431,385	19,530	9,240	10,295
Manx	6,125	3,090	3,040	25	15	10
Scottish	4,799,005	2,323,390	2,475,620	22,180	10,565	11,610
Welsh	474,805	226,600	248,210	1,975	920	1,050
British Isles origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 105	644,695	307,090	337,610	1,890	950	935
French origins	4,680,820	2,283,480	2,397,340	17,165	8,275	8,890
Alsatian	2,800	1,300	1,495	10	0	10
Breton	11,845	5,765	6,080	15	10	10
Corsican	1,750	950	805	0	0	0
French	4,670,595	2,278,430	2,392,165	17,145	8,270	8,880
Western European origins (except French origins)	4,600,855	2,258,095	2,342,760	15,375	7,490	7,895
Austrian	207,050	100,775	106,275	830	400	430
Bavarian	940	485	455	0	0	0
Belgian	186,665	91,395	95,270	405	230	170
Dutch	1,111,655	546,565	565,090	3,530	1,730	1,800
Flemish	11,685	5,730	5,960	50	30	15
Frisian	4,590	2,395	2,195	25	0	15
German	3,322,405	1,626,785	1,695,615	11,165	5,405	5,760
Luxembourger	3,915	2,025	1,890	0	10	0
Swiss	155,120	76,935	78,185	395	175	220
Western European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 106	3,365	1,645	1,720	15	10	10
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,201,320	579,005	622,315	18,865	8,895	9,970
Danish	207,470	100,660	106,810	1,130	555	575
Finnish	143,645	69,045	74,600	11,795	5,595	6,195
Icelandic	101,795	49,875	51,915	700	320	380
Norwegian	463,275	223,075	240,200	2,920	1,385	1,530
Swedish	349,645	163,545	186,095	4,635	2,045	2,585
Northern European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 107	52,780	26,965	25,820	310	185	125
Eastern European origins	3,431,245	1,666,740	1,764,505	23,190	11,130	12,055
Bulgarian	34,565	16,935	17,625	55	25	30
Byelorussian	20,710	10,190	10,515	25	10	20
Czech	104,580	51,555	53,030	275	165	105
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 108	40,715	19,235	21,480	270	115	155
Estonian	24,530	11,715	12,815	250	95	155
Hungarian	348,085	170,040	178,045	865	415	445
Latvian	30,725	14,920	15,805	200	105	95
Lithuanian	59,285	28,745	30,535	195	90	105
Moldovan	14,915	7,265	7,650	0	0	0
Polish	1,106,585	533,830	572,750	7,520	3,790	3,730
Romanian	238,050	114,705	123,345	475	155	320
Russian	622,445	297,600	324,850	1,245	615	630
Slovak	72,285	35,360	36,925	2,205	965	1,245
Ukrainian	1,359,655	663,560	696,095	14,100	6,730	7,370
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 109	20,415	9,895	10,520	30	25	10
Southern European origins	3,012,375	1,494,605	1,517,775	18,430	9,250	9,180
Albanian	36,185	18,385	17,800	10	10	0
Bosnian	26,740	13,320	13,420	25	20	0
Catalan	1,280	740	535	10	0	0
Croatian	133,970	67,825	66,140	1,180	595	590
Cypriot	5,650	2,850	2,795	0	0	0
Greek	271,410	137,405	134,005	710	350	365
Italian	1,587,965	794,525	793,445	15,115	7,565	7,550
Kosovar	2,865	1,470	1,395	0	0	0
Macedonian	43,110	21,650	21,460	0	10	0
Maltese	41,920	20,955	20,965	45	25	20
Montenegrin	4,160	2,180	1,985	0	0	0
Portuguese	482,605	239,360	243,250	940	505	430
Serbian	96,530	49,095	47,440	165	85	90
Sicilian	6,940	3,500	3,435	25	15	10
Slovenian	40,470	20,105	20,365	305	145	160
Spanish	396,460	184,520	211,945	425	210	210
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 110	38,480	18,620	19,860	260	115	140
Southern European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 111	2,170	1,030	1,135	10	0	0
Other European origins	226,695	115,110	111,580	335	160	180
Basque	6,965	3,690	3,275	10	15	0
Jewish	143,660	72,625	71,035	140	55	85
Roma (Gypsy)	4,630	2,195	2,440	15	10	0
Slavic, n.o.s.Census data footnote 112	4,870	2,560	2,310	15	10	10
Other European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 113	67,890	34,730	33,160	155	80	75
Caribbean origins	749,155	349,810	399,345	390	225	165
Antiguan	4,500	2,115	2,385	0	0	0
Bahamian	3,675	1,915	1,760	15	10	10
Barbadian	37,780	17,745	20,035	55	40	20
Bermudan	3,075	1,435	1,640	10	10	0
Carib	3,030	1,175	1,860	0	0	0
Cuban	29,065	13,800	15,270	45	25	20
Dominican	23,130	11,000	12,125	0	0	0
Grenadian	17,915	7,835	10,080	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	1,125	515	605	0	0	0
Haitian	165,095	76,460	88,635	25	15	10
Jamaican	309,485	145,080	164,410	175	105	70
Kittitian/Nevisian	2,915	1,460	1,460	0	0	0
Martinican	2,010	900	1,110	0	0	0
Montserratan	930	460	470	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	3,405	1,645	1,765	0	0	0
St. Lucian	8,985	4,095	4,890	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	78,965	37,325	41,635	35	10	25
Vincentian/Grenadinian	17,420	7,475	9,945	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 114	70,270	31,625	38,645	25	15	10
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 115	26,830	12,520	14,310	10	10	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	674,640	325,210	349,430	620	285	335
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	22,725	10,875	11,850	10	0	0
Arawak	1,440	610	830	0	0	0
Argentinian	20,680	10,130	10,545	10	10	0
Belizean	1,755	915	845	35	15	25
Bolivian	5,055	2,480	2,580	0	0	0
Brazilian	36,830	17,380	19,455	75	15	60
Chilean	45,190	22,280	22,910	60	30	30
Colombian	96,325	45,590	50,735	65	30	35
Costa Rican	5,535	2,680	2,855	20	10	10
Ecuadorian	25,405	11,995	13,415	0	0	0
Guatemalan	26,275	13,360	12,915	20	10	15
Guyanese	84,275	39,530	44,745	20	20	0
Hispanic	11,055	5,380	5,670	0	0	0
Honduran	10,650	5,235	5,415	15	10	10
Maya	6,285	3,350	2,940	15	0	10
Mexican	128,485	62,890	65,595	145	70	75
Nicaraguan	13,705	6,650	7,055	0	0	0
Panamanian	4,700	2,210	2,495	0	0	0
Paraguayan	4,325	2,165	2,160	0	0	0
Peruvian	42,145	19,645	22,505	15	15	10
Salvadorean	66,220	32,960	33,255	50	30	25
Uruguayan	6,795	3,390	3,410	0	0	0
Venezuelan	26,345	12,220	14,125	10	10	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 116	28,455	13,930	14,525	55	40	20
African origins	1,067,930	539,805	528,120	780	465	310
Central and West African origins	230,110	118,040	112,070	260	160	100
Akan	1,955	1,090	870	10	0	0
Angolan	2,960	1,475	1,480	0	0	0
Ashanti	1,585	855	735	10	0	0
Beninese	4,995	2,670	2,320	0	0	0
Burkinabe	3,150	1,665	1,485	0	0	0
Cameroonian	24,615	12,390	12,230	10	10	10
Chadian	1,845	955	885	10	10	0
Congolese	38,365	18,925	19,440	10	0	10
Edo	1,945	1,095	855	0	0	0
Ewe	845	470	375	0	0	0
Gabonese	1,405	660	750	0	0	0
Gambian	975	495	475	0	0	0
Ghanaian	35,495	17,720	17,770	85	55	25
Guinean	7,240	3,785	3,455	0	0	0
Ibo	5,315	2,850	2,470	0	0	0
Ivorian	10,935	5,485	5,450	0	0	0
Liberian	2,485	1,130	1,360	0	10	0
Malian	4,490	2,280	2,210	0	0	0
Malinké	1,125	585	535	0	0	0
Nigerian	51,835	27,025	24,805	80	40	40
Peulh	2,435	1,270	1,170	0	0	0
Senegalese	10,175	5,500	4,670	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	2,620	1,330	1,295	40	25	15
Togolese	5,300	2,870	2,430	0	0	0
Wolof	840	495	345	0	0	0
Yoruba	9,585	5,075	4,515	15	0	10
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 117	15,380	7,940	7,445	30	20	10
North African origins	355,045	185,775	169,270	110	75	35
Algerian	67,335	34,755	32,580	15	15	0
Berber	37,060	19,685	17,375	10	0	0
Coptic	3,535	1,860	1,680	0	0	0
Dinka	900	500	400	0	0	0
Egyptian	99,140	51,730	47,410	20	20	0
Libyan	7,740	4,135	3,605	25	10	15
Maure	1,190	655	535	0	0	0
Moroccan	103,940	54,005	49,945	0	0	0
Sudanese	19,960	10,315	9,645	45	25	20
Tunisian	25,645	13,985	11,665	0	0	10
North African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 118	6,115	3,320	2,795	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	260,145	128,325	131,815	145	95	45
Afrikaner	1,870	955	915	10	0	10
Amhara	1,530	815	715	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.Census data footnote 119	3,965	2,175	1,785	0	0	0
Burundian	10,990	5,405	5,580	0	0	0
Djiboutian	1,710	790	920	0	0	0
Eritrean	25,255	12,830	12,430	0	0	0
Ethiopian	44,065	21,680	22,385	10	10	10
Harari	665	355	305	0	0	0
Kenyan	10,915	5,230	5,685	10	0	0
Malagasy	4,500	2,175	2,325	0	0	0
Mauritian	9,325	4,655	4,665	20	0	10
Oromo	3,350	1,745	1,605	0	0	0
Rwandan	10,775	5,065	5,705	0	0	0
Seychellois	1,285	575	710	0	0	0
Somali	62,550	30,215	32,330	10	0	10
South African	41,375	20,575	20,800	75	55	15
Tanzanian	4,710	2,400	2,310	0	0	0
Tigrian	2,155	1,160	995	0	0	0
Ugandan	5,705	2,875	2,830	0	0	0
Zambian	1,860	935	920	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	8,090	3,975	4,110	10	10	0
Zulu	945	475	475	10	0	10
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 120	17,305	8,445	8,860	0	0	0
Other African origins	239,560	116,400	123,165	275	155	120
Black, n.o.s.Census data footnote 121	30,385	14,015	16,370	25	20	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 122	212,005	103,790	108,215	255	135	120
Asian origins	6,095,235	2,958,120	3,137,115	4,015	2,020	1,995
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	1,011,145	518,170	492,980	845	435	410
Afghan	83,995	42,320	41,675	35	25	10
Arab, n.o.s.Census data footnote 123	111,400	58,930	52,475	205	110	100
Armenian	63,810	31,505	32,305	30	20	10
Assyrian	13,835	7,115	6,720	25	15	10
Azerbaijani	6,425	3,230	3,200	0	0	0
Georgian	4,775	2,430	2,345	0	0	0
Hazara	1,515	810	705	0	0	0
Iranian	210,405	106,565	103,840	190	100	90
Iraqi	70,925	35,965	34,955	15	10	0
Israeli	28,735	15,065	13,675	0	0	0
Jordanian	14,250	7,520	6,735	0	0	0
Kazakh	3,330	1,615	1,710	0	0	0
Kurd	16,315	8,810	7,515	10	0	0
Kuwaiti	2,235	1,185	1,055	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	1,060	510	550	0	0	0
Lebanese	219,555	112,970	106,590	185	75	110
Palestinian	44,820	23,900	20,920	0	0	0
Pashtun	4,810	2,565	2,245	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	6,810	3,935	2,880	80	40	40
Syrian	77,045	38,445	38,600	35	25	10
Tajik	2,905	1,410	1,495	0	0	0
Tatar	4,825	2,155	2,670	0	0	0
Turk	63,955	32,855	31,100	25	10	15
Turkmen	1,040	540	500	0	0	0
Uighur	1,555	775	785	0	0	0
Uzbek	3,920	1,920	2,000	0	0	0
Yemeni	6,645	3,335	3,305	0	0	10
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 124	25,280	13,180	12,100	25	15	15
South Asian origins	1,963,330	993,595	969,735	905	500	405
Bangladeshi	45,940	23,645	22,300	105	70	35
Bengali	22,900	11,730	11,180	10	0	0
Bhutanese	3,600	1,765	1,835	0	0	0
East Indian	1,374,710	694,990	679,720	580	310	270
Goan	6,070	2,915	3,155	0	0	10
Gujarati	8,350	4,305	4,050	10	0	0
Kashmiri	3,115	1,605	1,510	0	0	0
Nepali	17,140	8,715	8,420	40	25	10
Pakistani	215,555	110,420	105,140	80	50	30
Punjabi	118,400	61,155	57,240	10	10	0
Sinhalese	7,285	3,605	3,685	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	152,595	75,010	77,585	30	10	20
Tamil	48,670	24,845	23,825	15	10	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 125	76,400	38,815	37,585	65	30	35
East and Southeast Asian origins	3,163,360	1,467,205	1,696,155	2,315	1,095	1,220
Burmese	9,335	4,535	4,795	55	30	25
Cambodian (Khmer)	38,490	18,515	19,980	15	10	0
Chinese	1,769,195	836,150	933,045	910	445	465
Filipino	837,130	369,105	468,025	380	165	215
Hmong	805	420	390	0	0	0
Indonesian	21,390	9,950	11,440	55	25	30
Japanese	121,485	53,415	68,070	340	175	165
Karen	4,510	2,275	2,240	275	130	150
Korean	198,210	93,680	104,525	185	100	80
Laotian	24,580	12,190	12,390	15	0	0
Malaysian	16,920	7,735	9,185	10	0	10
Mongolian	7,480	3,560	3,915	60	35	25
Singaporean	2,850	1,325	1,520	0	0	0
Taiwanese	36,510	16,570	19,945	0	0	0
Thai	19,010	7,330	11,680	15	0	10
Tibetan	8,040	4,055	3,985	10	0	0
Vietnamese	240,615	115,935	124,680	140	45	100
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 126	6,500	3,150	3,355	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	22,745	11,280	11,460	35	25	10
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 127	22,740	11,280	11,460	35	25	10
Oceania origins	85,470	43,030	42,440	125	65	65
Australian	42,315	21,710	20,605	55	30	25
New Zealander	15,395	8,065	7,330	60	30	30
Pacific Islands origins	29,485	14,240	15,250	15	0	15
Fijian	19,375	9,280	10,090	0	0	0
Hawaiian	3,295	1,500	1,795	10	0	10
Maori	2,500	1,310	1,195	0	0	10
Polynesian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 128	1,530	725	805	0	0	0
Samoan	1,100	625	475	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 129	2,335	1,145	1,185	10	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 130	14,072,075	...	...	47,185	...	...
Owner	9,541,320	...	...	32,770	...	...
Renter	4,474,530	...	...	14,410	...	...
Band housing	56,230	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 131	14,072,075	...	...	47,185	...	...
Condominium	1,874,840	...	...	1,855	...	...
Not condominium	12,197,240	...	...	45,325	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 132	14,072,080	...	...	47,185	...	...
No bedrooms	93,345	...	...	130	...	...
1 bedroom	1,925,015	...	...	5,850	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,547,090	...	...	11,935	...	...
3 bedrooms	4,836,485	...	...	17,915	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,670,145	...	...	11,360	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 133	14,072,075	...	...	47,185	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,068,915	...	...	11,280	...	...
5 rooms	2,177,045	...	...	7,860	...	...
6 rooms	1,981,585	...	...	7,945	...	...
7 rooms	1,790,180	...	...	6,545	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,054,355	...	...	13,550	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 134	14,072,080	...	...	47,185	...	...
One person or fewer per room	13,802,060	...	...	46,850	...	...
More than 1 person per room	270,020	...	...	330	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 135	14,072,075	...	...	47,185	...	...
Suitable	13,376,345	...	...	45,835	...	...
Not suitable	695,730	...	...	1,345	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 136	14,072,080	...	...	47,185	...	...
1960 or before	3,126,380	...	...	19,525	...	...
1961 to 1980	4,185,510	...	...	16,000	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,977,640	...	...	5,030	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,746,390	...	...	3,650	...	...
2001 to 2005	976,390	...	...	1,130	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,089,750	...	...	940	...	...
2011 to 2016Census data footnote 137	970,015	...	...	900	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 138	14,072,080	...	...	47,180	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	13,151,600	...	...	43,855	...	...
Major repairs needed	920,480	...	...	3,330	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 139	14,072,080	...	...	47,185	...	...
1 household maintainer	8,324,865	...	...	29,455	...	...
2 household maintainers	5,404,800	...	...	16,920	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	342,415	...	...	810	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 140	14,072,080	...	...	47,180	...	...
15 to 24 years	437,230	...	...	1,560	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,991,685	...	...	6,260	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,414,920	...	...	6,705	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,862,870	...	...	8,935	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,859,315	...	...	10,120	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,034,220	...	...	7,270	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,084,700	...	...	4,375	...	...
85 years and over	387,135	...	...	1,955	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 141	13,798,305	...	...	47,145	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	10,472,355	...	...	37,620	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,325,950	...	...	9,520	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,861,615	...	...	8,480	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,368,330	...	...	32,750	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgageCensus data footnote 142	60.7	...	...	53.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costsCensus data footnote 141	16.6	...	...	10.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143	1,130	...	...	876	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143	1,313	...	...	1,048	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)Census data footnote 144	341,556	...	...	230,285	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)Census data footnote 144	443,058	...	...	252,159	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,452,850	...	...	14,415	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housingCensus data footnote 145	13.0	...	...	24.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costsCensus data footnote 141	40.0	...	...	42.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143	910	...	...	827	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143	1,002	...	...	843	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 146	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,580	89,665	43,565	46,100
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,239,575	2,667,995	2,571,585	17,925	8,890	9,035
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificateCensus data footnote 147	7,576,400	3,686,630	3,889,770	23,780	11,445	12,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,230	47,960	23,225	24,735
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,800,260	1,906,610	893,650	6,955	5,515	1,440
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 148	1,549,880	880,365	669,515	3,010	2,080	935
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 149	1,250,385	1,026,250	224,140	3,945	3,440	510
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	5,553,825	2,326,940	3,226,890	21,500	9,095	12,410
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	813,335	331,940	481,395	1,690	765	920
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	6,659,615	3,070,315	3,589,300	17,820	7,845	9,970
Bachelor's degree	4,443,835	1,967,905	2,475,935	12,710	5,325	7,385
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	462,295	203,725	258,570	1,195	505	690
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	190,925	102,530	88,395	510	290	220
Master's degree	1,331,045	651,510	679,535	2,760	1,325	1,435
Earned doctorateCensus data footnote 150	231,510	144,640	86,870	645	405	240
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 146	18,931,380	9,268,555	9,662,830	56,595	27,745	28,845
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,169,790	1,200,110	969,685	6,680	3,630	3,050
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificateCensus data footnote 147	4,494,585	2,247,020	2,247,565	14,300	7,145	7,150
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,267,005	5,821,425	6,445,580	35,615	16,975	18,645
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,042,430	1,377,775	664,650	4,455	3,630	825
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 148	1,145,035	639,785	505,250	1,860	1,345	515
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 149	897,390	737,990	159,405	2,595	2,285	310
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	4,241,985	1,786,065	2,455,920	16,365	6,960	9,410
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	580,885	240,040	340,850	1,080	480	595
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	5,401,705	2,417,555	2,984,155	13,715	5,910	7,810
Bachelor's degree	3,590,080	1,562,160	2,027,925	9,705	4,020	5,685
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	362,455	151,205	211,250	880	365	515
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	153,290	74,440	78,855	365	190	175
Master's degree	1,120,190	527,335	592,850	2,255	1,010	1,245
Earned doctorateCensus data footnote 150	175,685	102,415	73,275	510	320	190
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 151	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585	89,665	43,565	46,100
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 152	12,815,980	6,354,625	6,461,350	41,705	20,335	21,365
Education	1,060,095	251,290	808,800	3,800	1,000	2,800
13. Education	1,060,095	251,290	808,805	3,800	1,000	2,800
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	596,230	268,050	328,180	1,185	675	515
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	99,020	72,865	26,150	300	220	75
50. Visual and performing arts	497,210	195,185	302,025	895	455	440
Humanities	850,840	330,490	520,345	2,090	890	1,200
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	98,000	22,100	75,900	65	25	40
23. English language and literature/letters	178,590	52,785	125,810	690	235	455
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	275,525	104,135	171,390	585	195	390
30A Interdisciplinary humanitiesCensus data footnote 153	4,160	1,640	2,520	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	51,930	30,185	21,750	85	45	40
39. Theology and religious vocations	77,490	46,285	31,200	200	115	80
54. History	111,465	59,965	51,500	360	260	105
55. French language and literature/letters	53,680	13,400	40,290	105	20	85
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,761,900	586,455	1,175,445	5,030	1,500	3,525
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	24,685	5,660	19,025	105	10	95
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	182,275	68,030	114,245	190	95	100
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	324,660	26,065	298,595	1,205	145	1,060
22. Legal professions and studies	289,600	102,660	186,945	545	205	340
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciencesCensus data footnote 154	35,445	8,150	27,295	195	20	170
42. Psychology	281,470	71,230	210,230	1,140	290	850
45. Social sciences	623,775	304,660	319,110	1,640	730	910
Business, management and public administration	3,360,045	1,272,475	2,087,565	8,910	3,045	5,860
30.16 Accounting and computer science	6,190	1,850	4,340	15	0	15
44. Public administration and social service professions	237,835	48,815	189,015	1,795	365	1,430
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,116,025	1,221,805	1,894,215	7,095	2,680	4,410
Physical and life sciences and technologies	614,280	315,665	298,615	1,625	920	710
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	249,955	105,560	144,400	740	370	370
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	125,600	61,685	63,915	250	120	130
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciencesCensus data footnote 155	28,155	12,625	15,530	35	30	10
40. Physical sciences	179,305	122,815	56,485	540	380	160
41. Science technologies/technicians	31,270	12,980	18,290	60	15	40
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	651,480	420,370	231,110	1,060	610	455
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	514,685	356,435	158,250	795	535	255
25. Library science	40,820	6,495	34,320	180	20	160
27. Mathematics and statistics	86,655	50,930	35,725	85	50	35
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciencesCensus data footnote 156	9,325	6,510	2,815	10	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	3,327,405	3,022,700	304,700	10,675	10,075	600
04. Architecture and related services	114,315	72,880	41,435	285	200	85
14. Engineering	752,465	615,880	136,585	1,400	1,235	165
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	620,065	551,855	68,205	2,430	2,205	225
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	410	85	325	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	702,155	682,710	19,445	2,225	2,210	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	731,135	709,430	21,705	2,740	2,690	50
48. Precision production	406,855	389,850	17,005	1,605	1,545	65
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	339,050	219,040	120,010	1,105	835	265
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	205,930	127,925	78,005	210	135	70
03. Natural resources and conservation	133,120	91,115	42,005	895	700	195
Health and related fields	2,266,720	441,180	1,825,545	9,135	1,720	7,415
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	164,295	81,260	83,040	740	375	365
51. Health professions and related programs	2,047,680	329,010	1,718,670	8,225	1,245	6,985
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	54,740	30,910	23,830	170	100	70
Personal, protective and transportation services	995,825	507,200	488,630	3,340	1,950	1,390
12. Personal and culinary services	565,555	151,530	414,025	1,570	465	1,105
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	3,505	3,080	420	10	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	7,900	7,230	670	10	10	0
43. Security and protective services	206,745	150,540	56,205	835	630	210
49. Transportation and materials moving	212,125	194,810	17,315	920	840	75
Other	3,170	885	2,280	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	3,170	890	2,280	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 151	18,931,385	9,268,555	9,662,825	56,595	27,750	28,845
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 152	6,664,380	3,447,130	3,217,250	20,975	10,775	10,205
Education	727,515	160,315	567,205	2,655	650	2,000
13. Education	727,515	160,315	567,200	2,655	655	2,000
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	467,905	208,365	259,545	890	500	390
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	74,530	53,995	20,535	220	145	80
50. Visual and performing arts	393,375	154,370	239,005	670	360	315
Humanities	614,815	232,425	382,390	1,515	650	865
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	76,540	16,200	60,340	45	15	30
23. English language and literature/letters	133,800	38,310	95,485	480	155	330
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	191,005	71,770	119,235	450	155	295
30A Interdisciplinary humanitiesCensus data footnote 153	3,140	1,250	1,895	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	37,870	21,930	15,940	60	35	25
39. Theology and religious vocations	52,295	31,200	21,090	165	100	65
54. History	82,565	43,475	39,085	260	180	80
55. French language and literature/letters	37,600	8,285	29,315	65	15	50
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,417,625	453,100	964,525	3,890	1,090	2,805
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20,300	4,595	15,705	100	10	90
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	152,080	56,125	95,955	140	60	75
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	259,845	19,160	240,685	950	130	815
22. Legal professions and studies	241,170	76,720	164,445	470	160	315
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciencesCensus data footnote 154	27,310	6,390	20,920	165	20	145
42. Psychology	218,470	51,570	166,900	855	200	660
45. Social sciences	498,450	238,540	259,915	1,210	510	705
Business, management and public administration	2,696,770	1,000,895	1,695,875	7,005	2,400	4,610
30.16 Accounting and computer science	4,955	1,480	3,475	15	0	15
44. Public administration and social service professions	192,190	36,890	155,305	1,480	290	1,185
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,499,625	962,530	1,537,095	5,510	2,105	3,410
Physical and life sciences and technologies	449,870	222,120	227,755	1,210	680	530
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	195,830	79,945	115,880	590	310	285
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	89,205	42,265	46,945	170	80	90
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciencesCensus data footnote 155	9,280	3,850	5,430	15	15	0
40. Physical sciences	132,935	87,025	45,905	405	270	135
41. Science technologies/technicians	22,625	9,035	13,590	25	10	20
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	567,415	368,840	198,575	875	520	355
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	464,000	321,805	142,190	670	460	210
25. Library science	29,955	4,870	25,080	130	10	115
27. Mathematics and statistics	65,620	36,895	28,725	70	45	25
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciencesCensus data footnote 156	7,840	5,270	2,575	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	2,532,555	2,271,735	260,820	7,540	7,055	485
04. Architecture and related services	93,135	57,280	35,850	235	155	75
14. Engineering	612,265	490,980	121,285	1,010	885	125
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	475,045	418,595	56,450	1,800	1,620	185
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	350	70	275	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	515,630	499,670	15,960	1,495	1,485	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	540,800	523,425	17,375	1,930	1,885	45
48. Precision production	295,335	281,715	13,620	1,070	1,030	40
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	269,445	167,680	101,770	860	635	225
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	159,975	94,680	65,295	155	95	60
03. Natural resources and conservation	109,470	73,000	36,470	705	535	165
Health and related fields	1,749,545	342,395	1,407,145	6,675	1,320	5,350
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	129,560	63,315	66,245	540	255	275
51. Health professions and related programs	1,576,945	256,895	1,320,050	6,010	990	5,015
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	43,040	22,185	20,860	125	70	60
Personal, protective and transportation services	770,950	392,820	378,135	2,505	1,480	1,025
12. Personal and culinary services	431,415	114,395	317,025	1,120	330	790
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	2,725	2,355	375	10	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	4,425	3,975	445	0	10	0
43. Security and protective services	162,995	116,750	46,240	635	460	175
49. Transportation and materials moving	169,400	155,340	14,050	740	685	60
Other	2,590	745	1,845	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	2,585	740	1,845	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 157	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,585	89,665	43,565	46,100
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,815,975	6,354,625	6,461,350	41,700	20,340	21,365
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 158	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,235	47,965	23,225	24,735
Location of study inside Canada	13,117,190	6,299,305	6,817,890	45,025	21,660	23,360
Same as province or territory of residence	11,519,215	5,503,640	6,015,575	42,190	20,290	21,895
Different than province or territory of residence	1,597,975	795,655	802,315	2,835	1,370	1,465
Location of study outside CanadaCensus data footnote 159	2,709,850	1,336,505	1,373,345	2,940	1,570	1,375
United StatesCensus data footnote 160	349,540	189,995	159,545	995	540	460
Philippines	298,830	109,820	189,020	135	35	105
India	281,415	142,410	138,995	165	80	85
United KingdomCensus data footnote 161	232,035	131,050	100,980	335	190	150
ChinaCensus data footnote 162	205,375	94,690	110,685	85	60	25
France	88,860	50,400	38,455	25	15	15
Other	1,253,790	618,135	635,655	1,190	655	540
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 157	18,931,380	9,268,555	9,662,830	56,595	27,750	28,845
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,664,380	3,447,125	3,217,250	20,980	10,775	10,200
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 158	12,267,005	5,821,430	6,445,575	35,615	16,975	18,645
Location of study inside Canada	10,134,590	4,807,045	5,327,545	33,850	16,065	17,785
Same as province or territory of residence	8,918,160	4,207,495	4,710,665	31,765	15,075	16,690
Different than province or territory of residence	1,216,425	599,545	616,875	2,085	995	1,090
Location of study outside CanadaCensus data footnote 159	2,132,415	1,014,385	1,118,030	1,765	905	860
United StatesCensus data footnote 160	254,245	131,955	122,290	545	280	265
Philippines	263,095	96,025	167,065	115	25	90
India	239,535	117,445	122,090	85	50	35
United KingdomCensus data footnote 161	133,655	73,575	60,085	135	75	60
ChinaCensus data footnote 162	175,825	79,635	96,190	80	45	30
France	72,920	40,610	32,310	25	10	15
Other	993,135	475,145	517,990	790	425	370
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 163	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,585	89,665	43,565	46,100
In the labour force	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,645	54,415	27,670	26,755
Employed	17,230,040	8,923,540	8,306,490	50,215	25,110	25,105
Unemployed	1,442,435	808,285	634,150	4,200	2,555	1,645
Not in the labour force	9,970,545	4,258,605	5,711,945	35,250	15,895	19,350
Participation rate	65.2	69.6	61.0	60.7	63.5	58.0
Employment rate	60.2	63.8	56.7	56.0	57.6	54.5
Unemployment rate	7.7	8.3	7.1	7.7	9.2	6.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 164	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,580	89,665	43,565	46,100
Did not workCensus data footnote 165	9,282,005	3,930,570	5,351,440	32,630	14,705	17,915
Worked	19,361,010	10,059,865	9,301,150	57,040	28,860	28,180
Worked full year, full timeCensus data footnote 166	9,626,010	5,402,110	4,223,895	27,820	15,015	12,805
Worked part year and/or part timeCensus data footnote 167	9,735,005	4,657,755	5,077,245	29,220	13,840	15,375
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	42.9	42.0	42.5	42.3	42.6
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 168	18,672,470	9,731,825	8,940,640	54,420	27,665	26,755
Class of worker - not applicableCensus data footnote 169	404,350	197,705	206,640	965	585	380
All classes of workersCensus data footnote 170	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000	53,455	27,080	26,375
Employee	16,073,685	8,158,745	7,914,940	49,480	24,595	24,885
Self-employedCensus data footnote 171	2,194,440	1,375,380	819,060	3,970	2,480	1,490
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 172	18,672,470	9,731,830	8,940,645	54,420	27,665	26,750
Occupation - not applicableCensus data footnote 169	404,350	197,710	206,640	965	585	380
All occupationsCensus data footnote 170	18,268,120	9,534,120	8,734,005	53,455	27,080	26,375
0 Management occupations	2,013,370	1,251,165	762,205	4,320	2,530	1,790
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,874,305	862,870	2,011,440	7,720	2,045	5,675
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,273,660	990,560	283,105	3,315	2,735	580
3 Health occupations	1,245,885	244,730	1,001,155	5,345	1,115	4,230
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,138,445	672,945	1,465,495	7,750	2,555	5,195
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	557,275	255,705	301,570	1,240	530	705
6 Sales and service occupations	4,265,895	1,843,510	2,422,390	13,415	5,805	7,610
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,668,875	2,504,290	164,585	8,010	7,630	380
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	416,135	331,920	84,215	1,035	935	100
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	814,285	576,435	237,845	1,310	1,200	110
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 173	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,640	54,415	27,665	26,750
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicableCensus data footnote 169	404,350	197,710	206,640	965	585	375
All industry categoriesCensus data footnote 170	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000	53,455	27,080	26,370
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	444,680	310,000	134,675	735	590	150
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	271,300	219,880	51,420	705	625	80
22 Utilities	136,350	100,135	36,210	500	410	90
23 Construction	1,365,010	1,196,550	168,455	3,790	3,395	390
31-33 Manufacturing	1,596,570	1,149,745	446,820	2,845	2,415	430
41 Wholesale trade	665,685	451,230	214,455	1,385	1,050	330
44-45 Retail trade	2,110,200	984,090	1,126,115	6,555	3,110	3,440
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	876,050	656,375	219,670	2,715	2,145	570
51 Information and cultural industries	420,350	243,650	176,705	1,145	700	440
52 Finance and insurance	790,580	327,865	462,715	1,225	415	805
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	333,305	184,350	148,955	715	430	290
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,335,125	740,520	594,605	2,915	1,630	1,290
55 Management of companies and enterprises	28,795	12,795	16,000	10	0	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	802,420	462,825	339,590	1,715	1,030	685
61 Educational services	1,346,585	420,845	925,735	4,750	1,600	3,155
62 Health care and social assistance	2,138,025	383,755	1,754,270	9,685	1,915	7,765
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	379,740	192,875	186,865	1,060	515	550
72 Accommodation and food services	1,283,725	535,210	748,515	4,400	1,715	2,685
81 Other services (except public administration)	814,695	371,880	442,815	2,340	1,105	1,235
91 Public administration	1,128,945	589,530	539,405	4,280	2,290	1,980
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 174	17,230,035	8,923,540	8,306,495	50,220	25,115	25,105
Worked at home	1,272,285	639,500	632,785	1,695	735	960
Worked outside Canada	78,815	54,235	24,580	100	70	30
No fixed workplace address	1,987,260	1,487,445	499,820	5,350	3,950	1,405
Worked at usual place	13,891,675	6,742,360	7,149,315	43,070	20,360	22,710
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	13,891,680	6,742,365	7,149,315	43,070	20,360	22,710
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,102,115	3,723,115	4,379,005	40,675	18,835	21,845
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,906,390	1,435,640	1,470,750	1,510	945	560
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,725,205	1,492,170	1,233,030	690	440	245
Commute to a different province or territory	157,970	91,445	66,525	195	140	60
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 175	15,878,940	8,229,810	7,649,135	48,425	24,305	24,110
Car, truck, van - as a driver	11,748,095	6,380,120	5,367,975	39,780	20,160	19,615
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	868,920	349,855	519,065	3,045	1,265	1,775
Public transit	1,968,215	846,735	1,121,485	2,110	925	1,185
Walked	877,985	392,950	485,030	2,225	1,085	1,145
Bicycle	222,130	146,615	75,515	630	460	170
Other method	193,595	113,525	80,060	635	405	225
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 176	15,878,945	8,229,810	7,649,130	48,420	24,310	24,115
Less than 15 minutes	4,449,920	2,071,365	2,378,555	23,750	11,110	12,645
15 to 29 minutes	5,314,295	2,725,165	2,589,130	20,020	10,425	9,595
30 to 44 minutes	3,228,845	1,782,680	1,446,165	2,850	1,580	1,270
45 to 59 minutes	1,391,060	768,115	622,940	530	260	275
60 minutes and over	1,494,830	882,485	612,345	1,265	940	325
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 177	15,878,940	8,229,810	7,649,135	48,425	24,310	24,115
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,073,680	781,230	292,455	1,775	1,285	485
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,814,750	1,754,045	1,060,710	5,930	3,425	2,505
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	4,458,835	2,217,210	2,241,620	12,800	7,415	5,385
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,349,975	1,408,710	1,941,265	14,325	5,575	8,750
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,756,265	752,940	1,003,325	5,495	2,265	3,230
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,425,435	1,315,670	1,109,765	8,090	4,335	3,755
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 178	19,956,255	10,342,970	9,613,285	58,670	29,635	29,035
Single responses	19,365,980	10,042,855	9,323,130	58,335	29,500	28,840
Official languages	19,090,545	9,897,470	9,193,075	58,235	29,445	28,795
English	15,265,335	7,952,010	7,313,320	57,900	29,345	28,555
French	3,825,215	1,945,465	1,879,750	335	100	245
Non-official languages	275,430	145,380	130,055	100	50	50
Aboriginal languages	24,950	12,385	12,565	40	25	15
Algonquian languages	14,440	7,370	7,070	40	25	15
Blackfoot	80	45	35	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	11,540	5,820	5,720	0	0	0
Atikamekw	1,095	580	515	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	2,055	970	1,085	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	370	180	190	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	40	25	10	0	0	0
Plains Cree	95	60	35	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	15	10	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	75	35	40	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	7,795	3,965	3,835	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	925	510	420	0	0	0
Malecite	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	915	505	410	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,895	995	900	40	25	15
Algonquin	45	20	25	0	0	0
Ojibway	765	380	385	30	15	15
Oji-Cree	1,080	595	485	10	10	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	1,140	530	610	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	1,135	525	610	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	20	0	15	0	0	0
Chilcotin	20	0	10	0	0	0
Dene	770	360	405	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	165	80	80	0	0	0
Gwich'in	10	10	10	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	135	65	70	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	95	45	45	0	0	0
South Slavey	35	20	20	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages	8,845	4,255	4,595	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	35	10	25	0	0	0
Inuktitut	8,800	4,240	4,555	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	35	10	30	0	0	0
Cayuga	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	35	10	25	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	110	25	85	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	15	10	10	0	0	0
Lillooet	15	10	10	0	0	0
Okanagan	20	10	20	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	35	0	30	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	15	0	15	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	260	155	105	0	0	0
Dakota	20	10	10	0	0	0
Stoney	240	145	95	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	10	10	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	25	0	20	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Nisga'a	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	35	15	20	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	250,485	132,990	117,490	60	25	30
Afro-Asiatic languages	7,380	4,530	2,850	0	10	0
Berber languages	35	10	30	0	0	0
Kabyle	20	0	20	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	15	10	15	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	275	105	170	0	0	0
Bilen	10	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	45	25	20	0	0	0
Somali	220	80	145	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	7,065	4,420	2,650	10	0	0
Amharic	200	95	100	0	0	0
Arabic	5,585	3,695	1,890	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	205	155	55	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	30	20	15	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	825	335	490	0	0	0
Maltese	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	135	70	60	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	65	35	30	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	8,550	3,790	4,760	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	475	230	245	0	0	0
Vietnamese	8,070	3,560	4,510	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	3,850	1,750	2,095	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	75	20	55	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	25	0	15	0	0	0
Ilocano	110	50	60	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	140	75	65	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,450	1,580	1,875	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	0	0	0
Creole languages	350	125	225	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	25	10	15	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	315	110	200	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	2,225	1,060	1,165	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	90	50	45	0	0	0
Tamil	2,090	1,005	1,080	0	0	0
Telugu	45	10	35	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	85,550	47,305	38,245	30	20	15
Albanian	350	220	125	0	0	0
Armenian	450	220	230	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10,075	4,745	5,330	10	0	0
Baltic languages	95	35	60	0	0	0
Latvian	40	10	25	0	0	0
Lithuanian	60	25	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages	9,980	4,710	5,270	0	0	10
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	155	90	65	0	0	0
Bulgarian	205	110	90	0	0	0
Croatian	220	130	95	0	0	0
Czech	70	40	30	0	0	0
Macedonian	95	45	55	0	0	0
Polish	2,500	1,265	1,235	0	0	0
Russian	4,850	2,135	2,720	0	0	0
Serbian	530	320	210	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	30	25	0	0	0	0
Slovak	100	60	40	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0	10	0	0	0
Ukrainian	1,210	485	725	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	25	20	10	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	15	15	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	0	0	0
Germanic languages	13,285	7,455	5,835	0	0	10
Afrikaans	85	40	40	0	0	0
Danish	90	50	35	0	0	0
Dutch	1,165	630	540	0	0	0
Frisian	40	25	15	0	0	0
German	10,065	5,715	4,345	10	0	10
Icelandic	0	10	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	65	30	40	0	0	0
Swedish	125	55	70	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	35	20	15	0	0	0
Yiddish	895	390	505	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	720	495	225	0	0	0
Greek	1,020	545	475	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	37,330	21,140	16,190	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	32,485	18,125	14,360	0	0	0
Bengali	530	275	245	0	0	0
Gujarati	880	300	585	0	0	0
Hindi	1,405	755	650	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	10	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	30	15	15	0	0	0
Nepali	195	95	100	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	27,870	15,945	11,920	0	0	0
Sindhi	35	10	30	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	25	20	0	0	0
Urdu	1,495	705	790	0	0	0
Iranian languages	4,820	3,000	1,815	0	0	0
Kurdish	185	150	40	0	0	0
Pashto	50	20	25	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	4,580	2,830	1,750	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	23,025	12,965	10,060	25	20	10
Catalan	30	10	20	0	0	0
Italian	1,705	895	805	0	0	0
Portuguese	7,490	4,795	2,695	0	0	0
Romanian	745	365	380	0	0	0
Spanish	13,030	6,885	6,145	25	15	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	3,255	1,195	2,065	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	30	10	20	0	0	0
Georgian	30	10	20	0	0	0
Korean	12,150	6,260	5,885	10	0	10
Mongolic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	235	120	115	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	25	10	20	0	0	0
Bamanankan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	20	10	10	0	0	0
Igbo	10	10	0	0	0	0
Lingala	10	0	10	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	0	15	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	80	50	30	0	0	0
Wolof	10	0	10	0	0	0
Yoruba	15	0	15	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	20	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	1,920	740	1,180	0	0	0
American Sign Language	1,145	340	810	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	135	15	115	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	640	390	255	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	122,880	65,030	57,850	10	10	10
Chinese languages	122,610	64,880	57,730	10	0	10
Cantonese	58,815	30,485	28,340	0	10	0
Hakka	70	25	45	0	0	0
Mandarin	60,090	32,430	27,665	10	0	10
Min Dong	25	15	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	565	335	225	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	105	65	45	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	2,930	1,530	1,405	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	270	155	115	0	0	0
Burmese	75	35	35	0	0	0
Karenic languages	135	75	55	0	0	0
Tibetan	50	30	20	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	675	270	405	0	0	0
Lao	150	70	80	0	0	0
Thai	525	205	325	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	750	475	275	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	30	20	0	0	0	0
Turkish	685	435	255	0	0	0
Uyghur	15	15	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	15	10	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	595	270	325	0	0	0
Estonian	50	15	40	0	0	0
Finnish	105	40	65	0	0	0
Hungarian	435	225	215	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	80	45	35	0	0	0
Multiple responses	590,270	300,115	290,155	330	140	195
English and French	412,680	211,095	201,585	160	70	90
English and non-official language	154,285	77,870	76,420	170	65	105
French and non-official language	7,830	3,595	4,235	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	15,475	7,565	7,915	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 179	19,956,250	10,342,970	9,613,290	58,670	29,640	29,030
None	17,456,725	9,056,235	8,400,490	56,800	28,780	28,020
English	1,259,225	661,460	597,765	295	110	185
French	705,780	349,035	356,745	920	445	470
Non-official language	496,565	257,455	239,105	630	295	330
Aboriginal	37,615	17,215	20,400	200	75	125
Non-Aboriginal	458,945	240,245	218,710	425	225	200
English and French	2,535	1,200	1,335	0	0	0
English and non-official language	18,040	8,765	9,280	0	0	0
French and non-official language	17,265	8,730	8,540	35	10	30
English, French and non-official language	115	90	30	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 180	34,091,785	16,783,745	17,308,035	104,340	51,075	53,270
Non-movers	29,644,795	14,593,190	15,051,605	91,570	44,915	46,655
Movers	4,446,990	2,190,555	2,256,435	12,770	6,160	6,610
Non-migrants	2,623,515	1,292,750	1,330,760	9,120	4,425	4,695
Migrants	1,823,475	897,805	925,670	3,650	1,735	1,915
Internal migrants	1,451,005	713,060	737,945	3,240	1,555	1,680
Intraprovincial migrants	1,189,525	580,895	608,630	2,555	1,175	1,385
Interprovincial migrants	261,475	132,160	129,315	680	380	300
External migrants	372,475	184,745	187,730	410	185	230
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 181	32,568,560	16,004,315	16,564,245	100,330	49,025	51,305
Non-movers	20,134,760	9,902,645	10,232,115	67,440	33,030	34,410
Movers	12,433,805	6,101,675	6,332,130	32,890	15,995	16,895
Non-migrants	6,755,630	3,314,730	3,440,905	23,510	11,375	12,140
Migrants	5,678,175	2,786,945	2,891,230	9,375	4,620	4,755
Internal migrants	4,296,720	2,104,325	2,192,395	7,960	3,895	4,065
Intraprovincial migrants	3,467,670	1,689,950	1,777,720	6,215	2,970	3,250
Interprovincial migrants	829,045	414,375	414,670	1,745	925	815
External migrants	1,381,460	682,625	698,835	1,420	730	690