Census Profile, 2016 Census
Canada [Country] and Alberta [Province]

Feedback

Charts (using rates) Download Hierarchies

The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Canada [Country]			Alberta [Province]
	Data quality , Canada [Country] Map : Canada [Country] Change geography 1			Data quality : Alberta [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	35,151,728	...	...	4,067,175	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	33,476,688	...	...	3,645,257	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	5.0	...	...	11.6	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	15,412,443	...	...	1,654,129	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	14,072,079	...	...	1,527,678	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3.9	...	...	6.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	8,965,588.85	...	...	640,330.46	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	35,151,730	17,264,200	17,887,530	4,067,175	2,039,410	2,027,765
0 to 14 years	5,839,565	2,992,920	2,846,645	779,155	399,570	379,580
0 to 4 years	1,898,790	973,030	925,760	266,515	136,520	129,995
5 to 9 years	2,018,130	1,034,685	983,445	270,715	138,990	131,725
10 to 14 years	1,922,645	985,200	937,445	241,920	124,060	117,860
15 to 64 years	23,376,530	11,576,130	11,800,400	2,787,805	1,408,150	1,379,655
15 to 19 years	2,026,160	1,039,215	986,940	240,035	123,625	116,410
20 to 24 years	2,242,690	1,144,495	1,098,200	261,830	133,990	127,840
25 to 29 years	2,285,990	1,144,470	1,141,515	310,940	156,715	154,225
30 to 34 years	2,329,395	1,148,290	1,181,110	333,175	167,555	165,620
35 to 39 years	2,288,365	1,118,635	1,169,730	305,505	153,655	151,850
40 to 44 years	2,255,135	1,104,440	1,150,695	281,205	142,545	138,660
45 to 49 years	2,359,965	1,157,760	1,202,210	269,030	135,855	133,180
50 to 54 years	2,678,075	1,318,755	1,359,320	284,310	142,205	142,100
55 to 59 years	2,620,240	1,285,190	1,335,055	275,540	138,565	136,970
60 to 64 years	2,290,510	1,114,885	1,175,630	226,230	113,440	112,790
65 years and over	5,935,630	2,695,150	3,240,485	500,215	231,690	268,530
65 to 69 years	1,972,480	953,075	1,019,405	173,680	85,500	88,180
70 to 74 years	1,420,875	677,975	742,900	117,035	56,430	60,610
75 to 79 years	1,021,850	469,550	552,300	83,955	39,105	44,845
80 to 84 years	749,650	325,765	423,880	62,165	27,590	34,575
85 years and over	770,780	268,790	501,990	63,385	23,065	40,320
85 to 89 years	482,525	185,535	296,990	39,965	16,050	23,915
90 to 94 years	223,510	68,675	154,835	18,025	5,755	12,275
95 to 99 years	56,525	13,240	43,280	4,735	1,145	3,595
100 years and over	8,230	1,340	6,890	650	115	535
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.6	17.3	15.9	19.2	19.6	18.7
15 to 64 years	66.5	67.1	66.0	68.5	69.0	68.0
65 years and over	16.9	15.6	18.1	12.3	11.4	13.2
85 years and over	2.2	1.6	2.8	1.6	1.1	2.0
Average age of the population	41.0	40.1	41.9	37.8	37.2	38.4
Median age of the population	41.2	40.2	42.2	36.7	36.2	37.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	14,072,080	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Single-detached house	7,541,495	...	...	946,225	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,391,040	...	...	62,395	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	4,949,795	...	...	471,090	...	...
Semi-detached house	698,800	...	...	86,765	...	...
Row house	891,305	...	...	116,625	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	784,300	...	...	43,090	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,539,390	...	...	223,360	...	...
Other single-attached house	36,005	...	...	1,245	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	189,755	...	...	47,970	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	14,072,080	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
1 person	3,969,790	...	...	366,080	...	...
2 persons	4,834,605	...	...	524,415	...	...
3 persons	2,140,640	...	...	245,075	...	...
4 persons	1,946,275	...	...	233,770	...	...
5 or more persons	1,180,770	...	...	158,335	...	...
Number of persons in private households	34,460,060	...	...	3,978,145	...	...
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	29,312,160	14,271,280	15,040,885	3,288,020	1,639,835	1,648,185
Married or living common law	16,893,720	8,452,135	8,441,585	1,969,300	988,410	980,895
Married	13,383,455	6,693,465	6,689,990	1,648,945	828,155	820,790
Living common law	3,510,265	1,758,670	1,751,590	320,350	160,250	160,100
Not married and not living common law	12,418,440	5,819,140	6,599,300	1,318,720	651,430	667,290
Never married	8,254,340	4,444,425	3,809,915	905,700	505,310	400,390
Separated	718,295	309,905	408,400	76,150	34,000	42,150
Divorced	1,816,005	725,535	1,090,470	195,850	82,040	113,815
Widowed	1,629,800	339,280	1,290,525	141,020	30,080	110,940
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	9,840,730	...	...	1,114,585	...	...
2 persons	5,007,790	...	...	540,850	...	...
3 persons	2,107,830	...	...	235,245	...	...
4 persons	1,909,935	...	...	227,165	...	...
5 or more persons	815,170	...	...	111,330	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	9,840,730	...	...	1,114,585	...	...
Total couple families	8,227,925	...	...	953,325	...	...
Married couples	6,474,005	...	...	793,195	...	...
Common-law couples	1,753,920	...	...	160,130	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	1,612,805	...	...	161,260	...	...
Female parent	1,262,340	...	...	123,490	...	...
Male parent	350,465	...	...	37,770	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	8,227,925	...	...	953,325	...	...
Couples without children	4,024,305	...	...	443,665	...	...
Couples with children	4,203,615	...	...	509,655	...	...
1 child	1,650,165	...	...	190,010	...	...
2 children	1,783,080	...	...	213,910	...	...
3 or more children	770,375	...	...	105,735	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	1,612,805	...	...	161,260	...	...
1 child	983,485	...	...	97,180	...	...
2 children	457,670	...	...	45,235	...	...
3 or more children	171,655	...	...	18,845	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	6,107,260	2,941,395	3,165,865	678,535	356,875	321,655
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	14,072,075	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
One-census-family households	9,218,225	...	...	1,039,985	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	3,782,095	...	...	414,570	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	5,436,135	...	...	625,415	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	301,715	...	...	36,120	...	...
Non-census-family households	4,552,135	...	...	451,570	...	...
One-person households	3,969,790	...	...	366,080	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	582,350	...	...	85,490	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,080	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
English only	23,757,525	11,838,075	11,919,455	3,698,765	1,869,670	1,829,095
French only	4,144,685	1,925,845	2,218,840	3,895	1,725	2,165
English and French	6,216,065	3,071,325	3,144,740	264,720	124,400	140,315
Neither English nor French	648,970	265,920	383,045	59,280	24,715	34,565
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
English	26,007,500	12,852,330	13,155,165	3,880,685	1,950,980	1,929,705
French	7,705,755	3,780,105	3,925,650	71,535	37,205	34,330
English and French	417,485	209,130	208,355	16,605	8,350	8,255
Neither English nor French	636,515	259,600	376,910	57,830	23,970	33,860
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	7,914,495	3,884,670	4,029,825	79,840	41,380	38,455
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	22.8	22.7	22.8	2.0	2.0	1.9
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,085	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
Single responses	33,948,620	16,702,840	17,245,775	3,934,580	1,975,615	1,958,970
Official languages	26,627,555	13,201,620	13,425,940	3,063,640	1,552,475	1,511,165
English	19,460,850	9,680,125	9,780,725	2,991,485	1,515,025	1,476,460
French	7,166,705	3,521,495	3,645,215	72,150	37,450	34,705
Non-official languages	7,321,065	3,501,220	3,819,840	870,940	423,140	447,805
Aboriginal languages	195,700	94,795	100,900	23,835	11,290	12,550
Algonquian languages	130,450	62,930	67,520	18,295	8,665	9,630
Blackfoot	2,815	1,325	1,490	2,750	1,305	1,445
Cree-Montagnais languages	88,445	42,920	45,530	14,960	7,105	7,850
Atikamekw	6,150	3,135	3,015	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	10,230	4,885	5,350	0	5	0
Moose Cree	100	50	55	10	0	5
Naskapi	1,205	590	620	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	315	125	190	50	15	35
Plains Cree	3,065	1,360	1,710	720	280	435
Southern East Cree	45	20	25	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	1,440	585	850	50	20	35
Woods Cree	1,840	865	975	910	430	480
Cree, n.o.s.	64,050	31,305	32,745	13,220	6,355	6,865
Eastern Algonquian languages	6,990	3,310	3,680	30	15	15
Malecite	305	140	160	0	5	0
Mi'kmaq	6,690	3,170	3,520	35	20	15
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	32,150	15,350	16,800	550	235	315
Algonquin	1,260	590	670	5	0	5
Ojibway	17,890	8,440	9,450	525	230	300
Oji-Cree	12,855	6,260	6,595	15	5	15
Ottawa (Odawa)	150	65	85	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	0	0	5
Athabaskan languages	17,365	8,325	9,045	1,865	865	1,000
Northern Athabaskan languages	17,315	8,310	9,010	1,855	860	990
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	110	55	60	0	0	0
Beaver	190	85	105	35	15	15
Carrier	1,025	465	565	15	0	15
Chilcotin	660	295	360	5	0	0
Dene	10,700	5,185	5,515	1,470	710	760
Dogrib (Tlicho)	1,645	840	815	40	10	30
Gwich'in	260	110	145	15	5	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	80	25	50	70	20	45
Sekani	90	45	45	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	1,995	950	1,045	200	90	115
North Slavey (Hare)	765	365	400	10	5	10
South Slavey	945	455	495	155	70	80
Slavey, n.o.s.	280	130	150	35	15	25
Tahltan languages	270	135	140	5	0	5
Kaska (Nahani)	180	90	90	0	0	0
Tahltan	95	40	50	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	290	120	170	5	0	0
Northern Tutchone	215	90	135	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	70	30	40	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	50	20	35	10	0	10
Haida	75	35	40	0	0	0
Inuit languages	36,545	18,100	18,445	120	35	85
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	1,025	445	575	25	5	10
Inuktitut	35,215	17,530	17,680	60	20	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	315	125	185	35	10	30
Iroquoian languages	1,115	485	635	10	10	5
Cayuga	45	20	20	0	0	0
Mohawk	980	430	555	5	5	5
Oneida	55	20	40	0	5	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0	0	5
Kutenai	105	55	55	5	0	0
Michif	465	230	235	80	45	35
Salish languages	2,305	1,130	1,180	15	5	10
Comox	80	45	40	0	0	0
Halkomelem	475	225	245	0	0	0
Lillooet	315	155	155	0	0	0
Okanagan	270	135	135	0	5	5
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	445	225	220	5	0	0
Squamish	40	20	20	5	0	0
Straits	80	40	40	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	335	150	185	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	255	135	125	5	0	5
Siouan languages	4,285	2,070	2,220	3,370	1,630	1,745
Dakota	1,215	570	635	350	165	185
Stoney	3,025	1,465	1,555	3,020	1,460	1,555
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	5	0	0
Tlingit	95	40	55	5	0	0
Tsimshian languages	1,480	730	755	15	5	5
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	880	435	445	0	0	0
Nisga'a	400	200	200	10	5	5
Tsimshian	200	90	110	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	805	370	435	5	5	5
Haisla	90	40	50	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	95	40	55	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	325	145	185	0	0	5
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	285	135	140	0	5	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	585	295	295	55	30	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	7,125,365	3,406,425	3,718,945	847,105	411,850	435,255
Afro-Asiatic languages	575,365	298,060	277,300	68,415	36,215	32,200
Berber languages	22,135	11,865	10,270	340	190	145
Kabyle	13,150	6,995	6,155	165	90	75
Berber languages, n.i.e.	8,985	4,865	4,115	175	100	75
Cushitic languages	42,885	20,095	22,790	12,525	6,495	6,030
Bilen	805	455	350	315	185	130
Oromo	4,960	2,560	2,400	2,650	1,375	1,275
Somali	36,755	16,895	19,865	9,520	4,915	4,605
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	365	195	170	40	20	20
Semitic languages	509,190	265,465	243,725	55,425	29,450	25,980
Amharic	22,465	10,720	11,745	7,320	3,605	3,720
Arabic	419,890	220,785	199,105	40,540	21,840	18,705
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	16,070	7,910	8,160	400	210	190
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5,545	2,780	2,770	145	80	65
Harari	1,320	635	685	260	135	120
Hebrew	19,530	10,480	9,045	960	505	460
Maltese	5,565	2,765	2,800	75	30	40
Tigrigna	16,650	8,310	8,340	5,415	2,880	2,535
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	2,155	1,085	1,070	305	155	145
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	1,155	635	520	130	80	50
Austro-Asiatic languages	176,725	81,810	94,920	25,295	11,760	13,535
Khmer (Cambodian)	20,130	9,270	10,860	1,925	910	1,010
Vietnamese	156,425	72,470	83,955	23,350	10,840	12,505
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	170	65	100	25	10	15
Austronesian languages	511,480	211,580	299,900	115,405	50,190	65,210
Bikol	1,790	790	1,000	425	205	225
Cebuano	19,890	7,930	11,960	5,135	2,155	2,980
Fijian	745	400	345	125	75	50
Hiligaynon	6,885	2,680	4,205	1,500	640	855
Ilocano	26,345	10,620	15,720	5,350	2,310	3,040
Malagasy	1,430	665	760	35	10	25
Malay	12,275	5,255	7,020	1,460	615	845
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	4,040	1,865	2,175	765	370	390
Pangasinan	1,390	590	800	290	115	175
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	431,380	178,575	252,810	99,035	43,120	55,920
Waray-Waray	1,110	430	675	305	145	160
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	4,195	1,770	2,425	980	430	550
Creole languages	72,125	32,310	39,820	1,895	990	910
Haitian Creole	3,030	1,445	1,590	95	45	50
Creole, n.o.s.	64,105	28,455	35,660	1,175	640	540
Creole languages, n.i.e.	4,985	2,410	2,575	625	305	325
Dravidian languages	189,405	94,765	94,640	13,490	7,075	6,415
Kannada	3,970	2,040	1,935	535	270	265
Malayalam	28,570	14,770	13,800	6,345	3,285	3,060
Tamil	140,720	69,080	71,640	4,430	2,360	2,070
Telugu	15,655	8,640	7,020	2,130	1,135	995
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	490	240	250	50	25	25
Hmong-Mien languages	795	395	405	105	55	45
Indo-European languages	3,877,330	1,889,400	1,987,930	442,685	220,330	222,355
Albanian	26,890	13,610	13,285	2,345	1,270	1,075
Armenian	33,455	16,270	17,185	500	250	245
Balto-Slavic languages	701,975	323,640	378,340	80,330	37,750	42,580
Baltic languages	12,530	5,315	7,215	1,010	475	535
Latvian	5,455	2,350	3,105	415	195	220
Lithuanian	7,075	2,965	4,115	600	285	315
Slavic languages	689,450	318,325	371,115	79,325	37,275	42,050
Belarusan	810	385	430	65	30	30
Bosnian	12,210	6,035	6,180	1,835	915	920
Bulgarian	20,025	9,675	10,345	1,545	790	755
Croatian	48,200	23,540	24,665	4,655	2,340	2,320
Czech	22,290	10,525	11,765	3,000	1,430	1,575
Macedonian	16,775	8,050	8,725	360	185	175
Polish	181,710	82,435	99,275	20,130	9,425	10,705
Russian	188,255	85,400	102,855	17,810	8,150	9,665
Serbian	57,350	28,535	28,815	4,020	2,035	1,985
Serbo-Croatian	9,555	4,565	4,985	970	480	485
Slovak	17,580	8,075	9,510	2,185	1,070	1,115
Slovene (Slovenian)	9,790	4,415	5,370	695	320	370
Ukrainian	102,485	45,440	57,040	21,835	9,985	11,850
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	2,415	1,255	1,165	215	120	100
Celtic languages	2,690	1,335	1,360	370	200	170
Scottish Gaelic	1,090	540	550	135	70	65
Welsh	1,075	495	575	175	85	80
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	530	295	235	65	40	25
Germanic languages	538,765	258,410	280,350	104,260	51,525	52,735
Afrikaans	10,265	5,115	5,145	3,010	1,475	1,535
Danish	12,630	6,245	6,390	2,380	1,245	1,135
Dutch	99,020	48,200	50,820	16,135	8,095	8,045
Frisian	2,100	1,095	1,005	360	200	160
German	384,035	183,215	200,820	80,050	39,435	40,615
Icelandic	1,285	600	685	115	55	60
Norwegian	4,615	2,170	2,445	815	370	445
Swedish	6,840	3,015	3,825	875	405	470
Vlaams (Flemish)	3,895	1,730	2,165	320	150	170
Yiddish	13,555	6,750	6,800	140	70	70
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	525	280	240	55	30	25
Greek	106,525	53,350	53,170	3,130	1,655	1,475
Indo-Iranian languages	1,312,750	664,120	648,630	166,805	85,250	81,560
Indo-Aryan languages	1,064,760	538,530	526,235	145,900	74,320	71,580
Bengali	73,125	37,410	35,720	7,000	3,630	3,370
Gujarati	108,780	55,105	53,670	13,140	6,785	6,355
Hindi	110,640	55,880	54,765	17,055	8,675	8,385
Kashmiri	565	300	265	105	60	50
Konkani	3,330	1,625	1,710	370	190	185
Marathi	8,295	4,300	3,995	1,510	775	730
Nepali	18,275	9,230	9,045	5,175	2,690	2,490
Oriya (Odia)	1,055	560	495	190	100	90
Punjabi (Panjabi)	501,680	253,515	248,160	68,695	34,935	33,760
Sindhi	11,860	5,605	6,260	2,770	1,300	1,475
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	16,335	8,050	8,285	2,590	1,320	1,265
Urdu	210,815	106,960	103,860	27,295	13,865	13,430
Iranian languages	242,805	122,835	119,970	19,600	10,235	9,365
Kurdish	11,705	6,345	5,355	1,550	845	705
Pashto	16,910	8,760	8,145	2,560	1,320	1,235
Persian (Farsi)	214,200	107,725	106,470	15,490	8,070	7,425
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5,180	2,755	2,425	1,310	695	615
Italic (Romance) languages	1,154,270	558,660	595,615	84,940	42,425	42,515
Catalan	865	440	425	75	30	45
Italian	375,635	184,415	191,220	11,375	5,760	5,615
Portuguese	221,540	106,630	114,910	9,050	4,380	4,670
Romanian	96,665	46,195	50,470	8,035	4,080	3,955
Spanish	458,850	220,605	238,245	56,370	28,160	28,205
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	720	380	340	35	20	15
Japanese	43,640	14,790	28,855	4,875	1,715	3,160
Kartvelian languages	1,715	910	805	230	130	105
Georgian	1,715	910	805	230	130	100
Korean	153,425	70,310	83,115	17,920	8,485	9,435
Mongolic languages	1,575	690	885	545	255	290
Mongolian	1,575	690	880	540	255	290
Niger-Congo languages	91,375	45,075	46,305	15,360	7,870	7,495
Akan (Twi)	13,455	6,490	6,970	1,755	915	835
Bamanankan	1,535	815	720	35	20	15
Edo	1,670	770	900	275	155	120
Ewe	1,760	950	805	245	145	100
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	2,825	1,495	1,335	230	120	100
Ga	920	445	470	145	80	65
Ganda	1,295	625	665	280	145	135
Igbo	4,235	2,265	1,970	1,165	625	540
Lingala	3,810	1,785	2,025	270	130	140
Rundi (Kirundi)	5,845	2,785	3,060	605	305	295
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5,250	2,355	2,895	805	405	400
Shona	3,180	1,520	1,665	1,100	545	555
Swahili	13,370	6,385	6,990	2,380	1,160	1,215
Wolof	3,990	2,170	1,820	280	165	110
Yoruba	9,085	4,785	4,300	2,435	1,305	1,125
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	19,135	9,435	9,695	3,370	1,640	1,735
Nilo-Saharan languages	5,870	3,025	2,845	2,720	1,395	1,330
Dinka	2,120	1,115	1,000	1,345	705	640
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	3,755	1,910	1,840	1,375	685	690
Sign languages	7,500	3,925	3,575	830	440	390
American Sign Language	2,685	1,320	1,360	335	165	165
Quebec Sign Language	695	340	355	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	4,120	2,265	1,860	495	275	225
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,269,215	589,570	679,645	122,450	57,740	64,705
Chinese languages	1,253,360	581,650	671,715	120,375	56,675	63,700
Cantonese	565,270	262,865	302,405	59,145	27,755	31,385
Hakka	10,910	4,900	6,015	990	465	530
Mandarin	592,040	274,630	317,410	50,660	23,940	26,720
Min Dong	1,230	580	650	115	50	65
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	31,795	14,450	17,350	3,060	1,375	1,695
Wu (Shanghainese)	12,915	5,780	7,140	630	305	330
Chinese, n.o.s.	38,580	18,165	20,410	5,725	2,770	2,955
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	610	275	335	40	15	25
Tibeto-Burman languages	15,850	7,925	7,935	2,075	1,065	1,005
Burmese	3,585	1,795	1,790	430	230	200
Karenic languages	4,705	2,355	2,350	795	415	380
Tibetan	6,165	3,080	3,080	575	295	275
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	1,400	695	705	275	130	140
Tai-Kadai languages	22,010	8,870	13,145	2,670	955	1,710
Lao	12,670	6,145	6,525	1,020	485	535
Thai	9,255	2,690	6,565	1,630	465	1,165
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	80	35	55	20	10	15
Turkic languages	40,140	21,120	19,025	4,050	2,250	1,800
Azerbaijani	3,260	1,785	1,470	365	215	155
Turkish	32,815	17,375	15,440	3,140	1,760	1,375
Uyghur	1,035	510	525	130	70	60
Uzbek	1,715	855	865	205	115	90
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	1,315	590	720	215	95	120
Uralic languages	81,985	37,790	44,195	7,470	3,600	3,870
Estonian	5,445	2,325	3,115	190	90	105
Finnish	15,295	6,395	8,900	810	330	480
Hungarian	61,235	29,060	32,175	6,470	3,185	3,285
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	3,690	2,045	1,645	690	415	280
Multiple responses	818,635	398,325	420,305	92,070	44,900	47,175
English and French	165,320	80,460	84,860	10,230	4,950	5,280
English and non-official language	533,265	259,160	274,100	77,520	37,815	39,705
French and non-official language	86,150	42,170	43,985	2,685	1,375	1,305
English, French and non-official language	33,900	16,535	17,365	1,640	760	880
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085	4,026,655	2,020,510	2,006,145
Single responses	33,103,860	16,298,475	16,805,395	3,837,615	1,928,230	1,909,385
Official languages	29,106,670	14,383,020	14,723,645	3,354,885	1,690,490	1,664,395
English	22,162,865	10,966,135	11,196,730	3,327,255	1,676,360	1,650,895
French	6,943,800	3,416,890	3,526,910	27,630	14,130	13,500
Non-official languages	3,997,195	1,915,450	2,081,750	482,725	237,740	244,990
Aboriginal languages	118,470	59,720	58,750	9,970	4,940	5,020
Algonquian languages	75,080	37,825	37,260	7,175	3,575	3,605
Blackfoot	1,115	555	555	1,110	555	555
Cree-Montagnais languages	55,825	28,135	27,685	5,875	2,925	2,945
Atikamekw	5,465	2,825	2,640	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	8,590	4,195	4,395	0	0	0
Moose Cree	10	5	5	0	0	0
Naskapi	1,200	595	605	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	110	55	60	20	10	10
Plains Cree	1,350	665	685	125	60	60
Southern East Cree	20	5	15	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	330	140	190	5	0	5
Woods Cree	800	410	390	600	300	295
Cree, n.o.s.	37,945	19,240	18,710	5,120	2,540	2,575
Eastern Algonquian languages	3,615	1,795	1,820	5	5	5
Malecite	55	30	30	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	3,560	1,770	1,795	5	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	14,525	7,335	7,190	190	95	95
Algonquin	370	170	200	0	0	0
Ojibway	6,175	3,165	3,015	185	90	95
Oji-Cree	7,900	3,960	3,940	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	75	40	35	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10,265	5,125	5,135	620	320	300
Northern Athabaskan languages	10,255	5,120	5,135	620	325	300
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Beaver	50	30	20	10	5	0
Carrier	245	115	130	0	0	0
Chilcotin	255	125	130	0	0	0
Dene	7,710	3,805	3,905	540	280	260
Dogrib (Tlicho)	1,020	550	475	5	0	0
Gwich'in	45	25	25	5	0	5
Sarsi (Sarcee)	10	5	5	5	5	0
Sekani	15	10	5	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	820	425	395	60	35	30
North Slavey (Hare)	340	180	155	0	0	0
South Slavey	370	190	185	55	30	25
Slavey, n.o.s.	105	55	55	5	5	5
Tahltan languages	25	15	15	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	25	10	10	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	5	5	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	30	15	15	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	25	15	10	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	10	0	5	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Haida	10	5	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	29,490	14,995	14,495	10	0	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	165	75	90	5	0	0
Inuktitut	29,230	14,885	14,345	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	90	40	55	5	0	5
Iroquoian languages	285	135	155	0	0	0
Cayuga	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mohawk	255	115	140	0	0	0
Oneida	15	5	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	5	0	5
Kutenai	15	10	5	0	0	0
Michif	85	40	45	10	5	5
Salish languages	285	130	150	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	45	20	25	0	0	0
Lillooet	25	15	10	0	0	0
Okanagan	85	35	45	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	55	30	20	0	0	0
Squamish	5	0	5	0	0	0
Straits	20	10	15	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages	2,225	1,085	1,140	2,125	1,025	1,095
Dakota	255	140	120	175	85	85
Stoney	1,950	940	1,010	1,945	935	1,010
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0	0	0
Tlingit	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	410	210	190	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	315	155	155	0	0	0
Nisga'a	70	40	30	0	0	0
Tsimshian	25	15	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	75	45	35	0	0	0
Haisla	20	10	15	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	30	15	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	235	110	125	25	15	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,878,725	1,855,730	2,022,995	472,760	232,800	239,965
Afro-Asiatic languages	307,755	153,275	154,480	43,770	22,535	21,235
Berber languages	8,105	4,215	3,895	200	105	95
Kabyle	5,490	2,855	2,640	90	45	40
Berber languages, n.i.e.	2,620	1,365	1,260	105	60	45
Cushitic languages	27,095	12,455	14,640	9,220	4,750	4,470
Bilen	620	330	285	280	160	115
Oromo	3,410	1,700	1,710	2,075	1,060	1,015
Somali	22,895	10,340	12,555	6,850	3,520	3,325
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	185	85	95	15	5	10
Semitic languages	272,100	136,390	135,720	34,310	17,660	16,655
Amharic	12,780	6,010	6,770	4,915	2,390	2,530
Arabic	223,540	112,690	110,850	24,230	12,555	11,675
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10,510	5,090	5,425	260	130	130
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	3,445	1,695	1,750	95	50	40
Harari	735	335	400	165	80	85
Hebrew	8,560	4,425	4,135	460	235	225
Maltese	1,130	525	605	15	10	10
Tigrigna	10,205	5,040	5,170	3,955	2,095	1,860
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	1,200	585	620	210	110	100
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	440	215	230	45	20	20
Austro-Asiatic languages	115,210	53,500	61,710	16,355	7,635	8,715
Khmer (Cambodian)	10,880	4,940	5,945	960	460	500
Vietnamese	104,245	48,525	55,725	15,380	7,175	8,205
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	85	40	45	15	0	10
Austronesian languages	239,785	108,110	131,680	60,860	28,765	32,100
Bikol	290	140	155	70	40	35
Cebuano	7,210	3,325	3,880	2,110	1,015	1,090
Fijian	195	105	90	45	25	20
Hiligaynon	2,205	970	1,240	470	215	255
Ilocano	9,125	4,045	5,080	1,975	935	1,035
Malagasy	435	220	210	20	10	10
Malay	3,620	1,710	1,910	405	205	195
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,200	565	630	220	110	110
Pangasinan	240	110	135	45	20	30
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	213,790	96,235	117,555	55,105	26,005	29,100
Waray-Waray	310	135	170	125	60	60
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,160	545	620	280	120	155
Creole languages	27,860	12,005	15,850	970	495	475
Haitian Creole	1,280	575	705	50	25	25
Creole, n.o.s.	24,575	10,510	14,060	655	345	310
Creole languages, n.i.e.	2,005	920	1,085	270	125	140
Dravidian languages	122,490	59,780	62,710	8,460	4,335	4,125
Kannada	1,630	825	800	210	105	105
Malayalam	15,440	7,865	7,575	4,060	2,070	1,990
Tamil	96,955	46,570	50,385	2,915	1,515	1,395
Telugu	8,280	4,430	3,850	1,245	635	615
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	190	85	105	30	10	15
Hmong-Mien languages	340	160	180	70	35	35
Indo-European languages	1,911,215	927,225	983,985	230,270	115,280	114,995
Albanian	13,135	6,575	6,560	1,060	570	485
Armenian	21,505	10,165	11,345	215	115	105
Balto-Slavic languages	314,965	149,315	165,650	30,220	14,820	15,400
Baltic languages	3,275	1,400	1,870	410	210	200
Latvian	1,255	530	725	165	85	80
Lithuanian	2,020	870	1,150	250	125	120
Slavic languages	311,690	147,910	163,780	29,815	14,610	15,205
Belarusan	230	105	120	15	10	5
Bosnian	6,045	3,010	3,040	785	400	385
Bulgarian	11,985	5,835	6,150	825	415	405
Croatian	16,775	7,980	8,795	1,800	905	895
Czech	6,235	3,060	3,180	875	440	430
Macedonian	6,830	3,250	3,580	175	90	85
Polish	74,780	34,910	39,870	7,705	3,675	4,030
Russian	116,595	55,175	61,425	10,145	4,965	5,175
Serbian	31,750	15,665	16,085	2,100	1,045	1,055
Serbo-Croatian	3,885	1,865	2,020	315	160	155
Slovak	5,615	2,685	2,920	710	345	365
Slovene (Slovenian)	2,050	905	1,145	150	70	75
Ukrainian	28,250	13,150	15,100	4,180	2,060	2,110
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	670	310	360	55	30	25
Celtic languages	360	205	155	40	25	15
Scottish Gaelic	185	105	80	15	15	5
Welsh	95	50	45	15	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	80	50	30	10	5	0
Germanic languages	146,455	71,835	74,615	40,915	20,280	20,625
Afrikaans	4,790	2,355	2,435	1,705	835	875
Danish	855	410	445	150	75	75
Dutch	9,565	4,630	4,935	1,980	985	1,000
Frisian	185	95	90	60	30	30
German	120,335	58,905	61,435	36,295	18,010	18,290
Icelandic	270	120	150	30	15	15
Norwegian	345	145	200	60	20	35
Swedish	1,045	500	545	145	65	80
Vlaams (Flemish)	355	170	185	60	30	25
Yiddish	7,080	3,695	3,385	15	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	1,625	820	810	425	215	210
Greek	44,545	21,110	23,440	1,015	490	525
Indo-Iranian languages	838,755	416,960	421,795	111,975	56,535	55,445
Indo-Aryan languages	676,185	337,440	338,745	98,610	49,790	48,815
Bengali	47,350	23,585	23,765	4,530	2,300	2,225
Gujarati	64,150	31,740	32,405	8,025	4,085	3,935
Hindi	55,510	27,805	27,710	9,945	5,115	4,825
Kashmiri	135	70	70	50	20	25
Konkani	720	355	370	75	40	40
Marathi	3,780	1,940	1,840	845	440	405
Nepali	13,375	6,710	6,670	3,710	1,905	1,805
Oriya (Odia)	470	235	240	95	50	45
Punjabi (Panjabi)	349,145	174,905	174,240	51,010	25,720	25,295
Sindhi	4,975	2,280	2,695	1,240	575	665
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	7,790	3,860	3,925	1,480	750	730
Urdu	128,785	63,965	64,820	17,600	8,795	8,810
Iranian languages	160,195	78,310	81,880	12,720	6,415	6,305
Kurdish	6,580	3,400	3,175	850	440	410
Pashto	10,590	5,305	5,290	1,640	845	795
Persian (Farsi)	143,020	69,600	73,425	10,230	5,135	5,100
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	2,375	1,215	1,160	650	325	325
Italic (Romance) languages	531,485	251,050	280,440	44,830	22,445	22,385
Catalan	355	165	190	35	10	20
Italian	115,415	49,975	65,440	2,840	1,275	1,560
Portuguese	98,710	46,915	51,795	3,905	1,875	2,030
Romanian	53,320	25,795	27,525	4,135	2,115	2,020
Spanish	263,510	128,110	135,400	33,910	17,160	16,755
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	180	85	95	10	5	5
Japanese	19,785	8,265	11,515	2,245	945	1,300
Kartvelian languages	1,040	565	475	160	85	70
Georgian	1,035	565	475	160	85	70
Korean	109,705	51,385	58,320	12,775	6,205	6,570
Mongolic languages	910	440	470	335	160	175
Mongolian	910	435	470	335	155	175
Niger-Congo languages	28,665	13,340	15,320	5,600	2,725	2,875
Akan (Twi)	5,990	2,695	3,295	845	415	430
Bamanankan	340	180	160	10	10	0
Edo	415	175	240	70	35	35
Ewe	410	185	225	80	45	35
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	825	400	425	105	55	45
Ga	250	105	140	40	20	20
Ganda	345	160	185	95	50	50
Igbo	1,000	485	510	265	125	145
Lingala	1,045	455	590	85	35	45
Rundi (Kirundi)	2,110	990	1,115	280	135	145
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,530	670	865	350	175	170
Shona	1,035	475	560	410	190	225
Swahili	5,370	2,500	2,870	1,090	530	565
Wolof	1,380	745	635	170	95	75
Yoruba	2,615	1,275	1,340	690	340	350
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	4,010	1,850	2,160	1,015	485	535
Nilo-Saharan languages	2,650	1,305	1,350	1,525	765	755
Dinka	1,130	580	550	800	420	380
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	1,525	730	800	725	350	375
Sign languages	10,445	5,870	4,570	1,095	630	465
American Sign Language	3,015	1,560	1,460	325	170	155
Quebec Sign Language	730	375	355	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	6,690	3,935	2,755	765	455	310
Sino-Tibetan languages	924,720	433,530	491,190	82,380	39,230	43,155
Chinese languages	913,365	427,860	485,505	80,880	38,455	42,420
Cantonese	400,215	184,340	215,885	38,275	17,810	20,460
Hakka	4,080	1,820	2,265	315	135	185
Mandarin	462,890	220,075	242,815	37,125	18,030	19,095
Min Dong	345	150	195	20	5	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	13,965	6,345	7,625	1,245	540	705
Wu (Shanghainese)	7,650	3,580	4,075	340	175	165
Chinese, n.o.s.	23,935	11,440	12,500	3,550	1,760	1,785
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	280	130	150	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	11,350	5,670	5,680	1,500	770	730
Burmese	2,245	1,115	1,125	280	145	130
Karenic languages	3,865	1,935	1,930	665	340	320
Tibetan	4,590	2,305	2,280	420	220	200
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	655	305	345	140	65	75
Tai-Kadai languages	9,565	4,455	5,110	1,130	505	625
Lao	6,175	2,995	3,180	465	215	245
Thai	3,360	1,450	1,915	655	285	370
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	30	15	15	10	5	10
Turkic languages	22,250	11,205	11,045	2,390	1,270	1,120
Azerbaijani	1,245	640	610	155	90	75
Turkish	18,955	9,525	9,430	1,945	1,030	915
Uyghur	610	315	290	80	45	40
Uzbek	990	505	490	135	70	65
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	455	230	225	70	35	25
Uralic languages	23,245	10,715	12,535	2,130	1,040	1,085
Estonian	975	365	610	25	10	15
Finnish	2,790	1,220	1,565	105	50	50
Hungarian	19,485	9,125	10,355	1,995	980	1,015
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	1,110	605	500	240	140	95
Multiple responses	1,663,390	802,695	860,690	189,040	92,280	96,760
English and French	160,185	77,940	82,235	6,885	3,410	3,475
English and non-official language	1,284,975	620,375	664,600	178,070	86,895	91,170
French and non-official language	148,915	70,915	78,000	1,125	540	580
English, French and non-official language	69,315	33,465	35,850	2,965	1,430	1,530
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	34,767,255	17,101,165	17,666,080	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
None	29,615,245	14,612,175	15,003,065	3,492,295	1,760,240	1,732,055
English	2,109,340	1,045,215	1,064,120	221,305	110,655	110,650
French	731,095	342,245	388,855	41,840	19,470	22,375
Non-official language	2,151,690	1,023,940	1,127,750	262,255	125,640	136,615
Aboriginal	90,740	42,890	47,850	17,430	8,325	9,105
Non-Aboriginal	2,060,945	981,055	1,079,895	244,825	117,315	127,510
English and French	47,970	23,785	24,190	1,535	775	760
English and non-official language	61,075	30,045	31,030	4,545	2,345	2,195
French and non-official language	48,755	22,690	26,065	2,795	1,340	1,455
English, French and non-official language	2,080	1,075	1,010	85	50	40
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,355	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,190	3,053,470	1,528,275	1,525,190
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,204	40,782	28,860	42,717	54,891	33,213
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175	3,054,135	1,528,420	1,525,715
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,866	35,933	26,621	38,067	47,131	30,478
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	24,583,315	12,296,595	12,286,725	2,839,590	1,458,560	1,381,030
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,762	39,925	26,613	42,330	54,528	32,099
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	19,743,240	8,755,815	10,987,430	1,785,065	711,210	1,073,855
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,453	4,199	6,136	4,093	3,834	4,185
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	20,428,685	10,547,760	9,880,925	2,473,665	1,301,630	1,172,030
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,684	39,836	28,474	42,679	54,361	32,982
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	27,489,395	13,441,555	14,047,845	3,054,555	1,528,100	1,526,455
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,487	56,740	38,632	62,778	80,001	45,535
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	27,500,230	13,446,230	14,053,995	3,055,230	1,528,240	1,526,995
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,977	45,404	32,828	50,683	62,938	38,417
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	24,584,065	12,295,015	12,289,055	2,840,675	1,458,210	1,382,465
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,885	56,803	36,962	62,997	80,282	44,766
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	19,742,130	8,752,070	10,990,060	1,784,345	710,105	1,074,240
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,738	7,345	8,050	7,175	7,298	7,093
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	20,428,670	10,542,540	9,886,130	2,473,665	1,299,805	1,173,855
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,057	54,369	37,193	59,343	74,073	43,031
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	9,367,045	5,231,015	4,136,035	1,152,385	669,770	482,615
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	53,431	59,326	47,420	64,090	73,781	53,836
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	65,997	74,289	55,510	81,586	94,822	63,218
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	88.3	91.6	83.7	93.3	95.8	89.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	72.0	75.2	67.7	76.5	78.9	72.3
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	11.7	8.4	16.3	6.7	4.2	10.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360
Without total income	1,154,450	546,285	608,165	152,585	74,410	78,170
With total income	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,195	3,053,470	1,528,280	1,525,190
Percentage with total income	96.0	96.1	95.8	95.2	95.4	95.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,877,620	1,668,960	2,208,655	389,580	146,450	243,130
$10,000 to $19,999	4,680,380	1,867,600	2,812,785	385,235	147,125	238,110
$20,000 to $29,999	3,807,840	1,593,335	2,214,505	364,915	142,810	222,105
$30,000 to $39,999	3,206,175	1,472,670	1,733,510	305,680	131,185	174,490
$40,000 to $49,999	2,827,045	1,376,565	1,450,480	286,615	133,715	152,900
$50,000 to $59,999	2,179,775	1,145,685	1,034,090	247,830	124,720	123,115
$60,000 to $69,999	1,655,070	938,755	716,310	205,840	114,405	91,430
$70,000 to $79,999	1,271,850	745,830	526,015	165,640	99,645	65,995
$80,000 to $89,999	966,885	579,290	387,590	132,720	82,700	50,020
$90,000 to $99,999	749,290	452,240	297,050	114,010	70,655	43,350
$100,000 and over	2,266,600	1,603,400	663,195	455,410	334,865	120,550
$100,000 to $149,999	1,493,570	1,024,210	469,365	274,185	191,710	82,475
$150,000 and over	773,025	579,190	193,830	181,225	143,150	38,075
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,365
Without after-tax income	1,143,795	541,620	602,175	151,915	74,270	77,645
With after-tax income	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175	3,054,135	1,528,420	1,525,715
Percentage with after-tax income	96.0	96.1	95.9	95.3	95.4	95.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,004,475	1,706,825	2,297,645	399,005	149,280	249,725
$10,000 to $19,999	4,905,055	1,972,920	2,932,130	402,780	154,330	248,450
$20,000 to $29,999	4,489,925	1,926,175	2,563,755	420,955	166,650	254,300
$30,000 to $39,999	3,924,960	1,870,705	2,054,250	377,590	169,665	207,925
$40,000 to $49,999	3,144,200	1,619,670	1,524,525	347,960	172,595	175,365
$50,000 to $59,999	2,209,280	1,245,570	963,705	276,970	153,985	122,985
$60,000 to $69,999	1,540,300	912,230	628,065	208,265	127,045	81,220
$70,000 to $79,999	1,076,180	654,570	421,610	160,580	100,970	59,610
$80,000 and over	2,204,820	1,540,335	664,485	460,030	333,895	126,140
$80,000 to $89,999	688,705	444,550	244,145	121,015	78,400	42,620
$90,000 to $99,999	420,975	291,090	129,885	82,020	57,375	24,645
$100,000 and over	1,095,140	804,690	290,445	257,000	198,120	58,875
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	28,642,980	13,990,625	14,652,360	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360
Without employment income	8,214,295	3,442,860	4,771,430	732,385	301,060	431,330
With employment income	20,428,690	10,547,760	9,880,925	2,473,665	1,301,630	1,172,035
Percentage with employment income	71.3	75.4	67.4	77.2	81.2	73.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,778,990	1,357,430	1,421,560	273,835	122,830	151,005
$5,000 to $9,999	1,602,140	697,025	905,120	164,095	68,100	95,990
$10,000 to $19,999	2,736,010	1,212,855	1,523,155	274,105	113,680	160,430
$20,000 to $29,999	2,293,785	1,022,090	1,271,695	235,620	96,855	138,760
$30,000 to $39,999	2,149,860	1,001,065	1,148,795	227,450	100,650	126,805
$40,000 to $49,999	1,928,565	946,625	981,940	219,155	103,680	115,475
$50,000 to $59,999	1,554,100	839,045	715,055	195,145	99,285	95,860
$60,000 to $69,999	1,220,310	708,270	512,040	163,465	92,950	70,515
$70,000 to $79,999	992,170	591,945	400,225	135,150	83,240	51,910
$80,000 and over	3,172,770	2,171,415	1,001,355	585,640	420,365	165,280
$80,000 to $89,999	773,755	475,700	298,055	111,045	71,210	39,835
$90,000 to $99,999	623,980	382,330	241,650	99,785	62,305	37,480
$100,000 and over	1,775,030	1,313,385	461,645	374,815	286,855	87,960
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	14,072,080	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	70,336	...	...	93,835	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	61,348	...	...	80,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	3,969,790	...	...	366,080	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,174	...	...	47,948	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,446	...	...	41,502	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	10,102,290	...	...	1,161,600	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	88,249	...	...	111,435	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	76,419	...	...	94,830	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	14,072,075	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	92,764	...	...	125,522	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	76,171	...	...	101,361	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,967,765	...	...	365,000	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	46,799	...	...	64,341	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	38,685	...	...	52,116	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	10,104,315	...	...	1,162,675	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	110,813	...	...	144,729	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	90,890	...	...	116,821	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	14,072,075	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Under $5,000	228,790	...	...	21,660	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	200,315	...	...	13,555	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	374,575	...	...	18,070	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	565,940	...	...	33,045	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	602,800	...	...	51,505	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	538,710	...	...	38,615	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	603,480	...	...	42,580	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	606,600	...	...	46,630	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	596,110	...	...	46,520	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	578,325	...	...	46,825	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,097,345	...	...	95,425	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,010,415	...	...	95,340	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	924,320	...	...	92,345	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	836,765	...	...	88,775	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	745,655	...	...	84,570	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,561,920	...	...	712,215	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,470,255	...	...	184,595	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,016,245	...	...	142,910	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,116,140	...	...	181,960	...	...
$200,000 and over	959,285	...	...	202,745	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	14,072,075	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Under $5,000	243,780	...	...	23,395	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	203,865	...	...	13,860	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	380,680	...	...	18,600	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	591,660	...	...	34,540	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	673,740	...	...	55,010	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	628,225	...	...	44,170	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	719,825	...	...	50,280	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	725,675	...	...	55,645	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	711,180	...	...	57,695	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	691,695	...	...	59,195	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,299,680	...	...	119,200	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,169,515	...	...	116,250	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,041,635	...	...	112,675	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	900,055	...	...	106,235	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	757,295	...	...	95,600	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,333,575	...	...	565,335	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,371,945	...	...	192,795	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	809,540	...	...	132,240	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,152,090	...	...	240,305	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	9,688,845	...	...	1,099,900	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	88,306	...	...	109,997	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	76,372	...	...	93,588	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	3,706,220	...	...	407,300	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	78,976	...	...	101,283	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	68,309	...	...	86,043	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	4,222,140	...	...	511,375	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	113,465	...	...	133,186	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	96,608	...	...	111,951	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,481,410	...	...	146,045	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,193	...	...	62,909	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,856	...	...	57,079	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	9,689,855	...	...	1,101,485	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	111,235	...	...	144,493	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	91,040	...	...	116,343	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	3,706,400	...	...	408,625	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	101,086	...	...	137,805	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	82,296	...	...	110,236	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	4,225,855	...	...	512,615	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	137,094	...	...	169,354	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,307	...	...	135,623	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,477,190	...	...	145,115	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	65,549	...	...	80,406	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	56,687	...	...	68,470	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	5,313,545	2,608,845	2,704,705	577,475	308,835	268,640
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	31,890	34,483	29,801	42,598	47,903	37,344
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	28,959	30,746	27,495	37,648	41,340	33,785
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	5,299,050	2,596,985	2,702,070	573,385	306,195	267,190
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	42,939	46,085	39,915	56,856	63,468	49,280
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	35,801	37,724	33,952	46,559	50,990	41,481
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	34,460,065	16,971,550	17,488,515	3,978,150	1,998,500	1,979,650
In the bottom half of the distribution	17,229,835	8,256,970	8,972,865	1,527,695	739,210	788,485
In the bottom decile	3,445,950	1,672,900	1,773,050	293,490	143,880	149,605
In the second decile	3,445,660	1,564,965	1,880,700	278,635	128,055	150,575
In the third decile	3,446,165	1,641,930	1,804,235	297,695	142,090	155,605
In the fourth decile	3,445,850	1,677,120	1,768,730	315,570	154,815	160,760
In the fifth decile	3,446,210	1,700,060	1,746,150	342,305	170,375	171,935
In the top half of the distribution	17,230,230	8,714,580	8,515,650	2,450,450	1,259,285	1,191,160
In the sixth decile	3,445,695	1,716,510	1,729,185	366,250	183,860	182,390
In the seventh decile	3,446,470	1,730,975	1,715,500	397,275	201,465	195,810
In the eighth decile	3,445,940	1,741,640	1,704,300	443,585	227,385	216,200
In the ninth decile	3,446,045	1,751,850	1,694,195	522,545	268,995	253,555
In the top decile	3,446,080	1,773,600	1,672,475	720,795	377,585	343,215
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	33,968,295	16,724,265	17,244,035	3,925,220	1,971,735	1,953,485
0 to 17 years	6,836,380	3,504,250	3,332,125	893,255	458,330	434,925
0 to 5 years	2,228,770	1,142,505	1,086,270	310,080	158,825	151,260
18 to 64 years	21,695,090	10,690,090	11,005,005	2,580,730	1,298,440	1,282,295
65 years and over	5,436,830	2,529,930	2,906,905	451,235	214,965	236,265
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,809,940	2,243,200	2,566,740	363,890	171,945	191,940
0 to 17 years	1,163,830	597,570	566,255	114,215	58,665	55,555
0 to 5 years	396,095	203,055	193,030	41,755	21,350	20,400
18 to 64 years	2,855,290	1,341,590	1,513,700	210,870	98,415	112,455
65 years and over	790,825	304,040	486,780	38,800	14,875	23,925
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.2	13.4	14.9	9.3	8.7	9.8
0 to 17 years (%)	17.0	17.1	17.0	12.8	12.8	12.8
0 to 5 years (%)	17.8	17.8	17.8	13.5	13.4	13.5
18 to 64 years (%)	13.2	12.5	13.8	8.2	7.6	8.8
65 years and over (%)	14.5	12.0	16.7	8.6	6.9	10.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,128,995	1,519,370	1,609,630	273,515	134,180	139,335
0 to 17 years	696,025	357,255	338,770	76,930	39,385	37,550
0 to 5 years	236,435	121,170	115,260	28,190	14,420	13,770
18 to 64 years	2,157,745	1,057,585	1,100,160	181,805	88,715	93,095
65 years and over	275,225	104,525	170,695	14,780	6,085	8,695
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.2	9.1	9.3	7.0	6.8	7.1
0 to 17 years (%)	10.2	10.2	10.2	8.6	8.6	8.6
0 to 5 years (%)	10.6	10.6	10.6	9.1	9.1	9.1
18 to 64 years (%)	9.9	9.9	10.0	7.0	6.8	7.3
65 years and over (%)	5.1	4.1	5.9	3.3	2.8	3.7
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645
Official languages	33,818,210	16,709,290	17,108,920	3,920,530	1,974,435	1,946,095
English	29,748,265	14,806,270	14,941,995	3,916,805	1,972,800	1,944,005
French	10,242,945	4,952,455	5,290,495	264,600	123,940	140,660
Non-official languages	9,369,280	4,488,185	4,881,090	1,082,425	527,770	554,655
Aboriginal languages	263,845	127,550	136,295	36,465	17,415	19,045
Algonquian languages	177,570	85,505	92,065	29,675	14,120	15,555
Blackfoot	5,645	2,695	2,950	5,575	2,665	2,905
Cree-Montagnais languages	116,585	56,515	60,070	23,465	11,155	12,310
Atikamekw	6,640	3,335	3,305	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	11,440	5,500	5,945	0	0	0
Moose Cree	195	80	115	25	0	15
Naskapi	1,465	710	755	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	545	225	320	90	20	70
Plains Cree	5,905	2,705	3,200	1,580	620	965
Southern East Cree	40	30	10	10	10	0
Swampy Cree	2,345	995	1,350	45	25	25
Woods Cree	2,665	1,230	1,435	1,135	525	610
Cree, n.o.s.	86,115	42,080	44,035	20,665	9,990	10,675
Eastern Algonquian languages	9,765	4,710	5,050	35	15	15
Malecite	755	370	390	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	9,025	4,350	4,670	35	15	15
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	46,685	22,100	24,585	955	425	530
Algonquin	2,480	1,165	1,315	10	10	0
Ojibway	28,585	13,365	15,220	925	415	505
Oji-Cree	15,610	7,575	8,030	20	10	15
Ottawa (Odawa)	205	105	105	0	0	10
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	120	60	60	10	10	0
Athabaskan languages	23,655	11,340	12,320	2,640	1,255	1,385
Northern Athabaskan languages	23,570	11,300	12,265	2,630	1,250	1,380
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	210	105	100	0	10	0
Beaver	340	180	165	85	50	35
Carrier	2,105	955	1,145	45	10	35
Chilcotin	1,150	535	610	20	15	10
Dene	13,060	6,270	6,790	2,010	975	1,035
Dogrib (Tlicho)	2,375	1,210	1,165	75	30	45
Gwich'in	360	165	200	10	0	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	150	60	90	150	65	85
Sekani	185	85	100	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	2,815	1,340	1,475	285	140	145
North Slavey (Hare)	1,010	475	530	25	15	10
South Slavey	1,365	660	710	190	90	100
Slavey, n.o.s.	680	320	360	75	35	45
Tahltan languages	630	340	285	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	365	205	170	0	0	0
Tahltan	270	140	130	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	420	160	260	0	0	10
Northern Tutchone	285	115	170	10	0	10
Southern Tutchone	145	50	95	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	85	35	50	10	0	10
Haida	465	205	260	10	0	10
Inuit languages	42,980	21,355	21,630	135	50	80
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	1,975	895	1,080	35	10	25
Inuktitut	40,620	20,280	20,340	60	20	35
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	470	225	240	40	25	20
Iroquoian languages	2,800	1,240	1,555	40	25	10
Cayuga	125	40	85	0	10	0
Mohawk	2,415	1,120	1,295	35	25	0
Oneida	180	60	125	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	115	45	75	0	10	10
Kutenai	175	95	80	0	0	0
Michif	1,210	585	625	145	75	70
Salish languages	5,750	2,730	3,015	50	25	25
Comox	185	75	110	0	0	0
Halkomelem	1,060	475	585	10	0	0
Lillooet	790	405	385	0	0	0
Okanagan	820	370	450	15	10	10
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	1,305	640	665	10	0	10
Squamish	285	125	155	0	0	0
Straits	360	160	200	10	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	450	220	235	10	0	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	565	295	270	10	0	0
Siouan languages	5,430	2,665	2,770	4,050	2,005	2,045
Dakota	1,760	870	890	530	285	245
Stoney	3,675	1,805	1,875	3,650	1,790	1,855
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	140	70	70	10	0	10
Tlingit	260	140	120	10	0	0
Tsimshian languages	2,730	1,350	1,380	35	15	15
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	1,305	645	660	20	10	10
Nisga'a	1,060	545	515	15	0	0
Tsimshian	410	180	235	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	1,490	680	805	10	10	0
Haisla	175	65	110	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	125	50	75	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	605	285	320	10	10	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	565	265	300	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	665	310	360	30	15	15
Non-Aboriginal languages	9,107,075	4,361,420	4,745,660	1,046,245	510,495	535,750
Afro-Asiatic languages	837,355	432,560	404,795	96,210	50,675	45,535
Berber languages	29,460	15,745	13,715	540	335	205
Kabyle	17,120	9,100	8,015	225	125	90
Berber languages, n.i.e.	12,505	6,735	5,775	315	210	110
Cushitic languages	57,125	26,870	30,250	15,445	8,055	7,385
Bilen	1,085	625	470	370	235	135
Oromo	6,245	3,070	3,175	3,125	1,625	1,500
Somali	49,665	23,070	26,590	12,030	6,240	5,795
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	480	220	265	55	20	40
Semitic languages	771,130	400,780	370,350	82,200	43,405	38,800
Amharic	33,670	16,675	16,995	10,870	5,595	5,275
Arabic	629,055	329,235	299,820	62,730	33,365	29,370
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	19,745	9,720	10,020	430	225	210
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	7,115	3,505	3,610	150	70	75
Harari	1,710	855	860	340	150	185
Hebrew	75,020	38,730	36,290	3,250	1,650	1,600
Maltese	7,625	3,760	3,870	145	85	55
Tigrigna	21,340	10,640	10,705	7,315	3,915	3,400
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	3,220	1,655	1,565	450	250	205
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	2,775	1,440	1,335	375	225	145
Austro-Asiatic languages	224,865	105,845	119,020	32,730	15,440	17,290
Khmer (Cambodian)	27,035	12,640	14,400	2,700	1,375	1,330
Vietnamese	198,895	93,735	105,155	30,150	14,130	16,015
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	190	70	120	15	0	10
Austronesian languages	656,200	273,075	383,125	145,745	63,615	82,130
Bikol	2,075	885	1,190	330	150	180
Cebuano	27,045	10,960	16,085	6,690	2,940	3,750
Fijian	1,660	955	705	340	195	145
Hiligaynon	7,925	3,200	4,720	1,760	745	1,020
Ilocano	34,530	13,805	20,730	7,370	3,160	4,215
Malagasy	2,335	1,120	1,220	80	40	40
Malay	22,470	10,370	12,100	3,040	1,435	1,610
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5,425	2,445	2,980	1,185	565	625
Pangasinan	1,800	790	1,015	445	190	250
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	612,735	253,210	359,530	138,440	60,115	78,325
Waray-Waray	1,395	530	860	420	170	245
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5,585	2,540	3,040	1,160	505	650
Creole languages	155,615	70,545	85,070	4,585	2,390	2,195
Haitian Creole	6,850	3,140	3,710	255	140	115
Creole, n.o.s.	133,045	59,890	73,160	2,675	1,425	1,250
Creole languages, n.i.e.	16,635	7,955	8,675	1,680	840	850
Dravidian languages	250,180	126,220	123,960	18,190	9,660	8,525
Kannada	8,245	4,180	4,065	1,035	520	515
Malayalam	37,810	19,410	18,400	8,150	4,255	3,900
Tamil	189,860	94,640	95,220	7,195	3,900	3,295
Telugu	23,160	12,770	10,390	2,910	1,560	1,345
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	790	385	405	150	80	70
Hmong-Mien languages	870	435	435	115	55	55
Indo-European languages	5,158,010	2,506,455	2,651,555	550,490	274,510	275,980
Albanian	31,930	16,140	15,790	2,880	1,550	1,325
Armenian	41,295	19,980	21,315	530	255	275
Balto-Slavic languages	817,315	384,960	432,350	93,150	44,750	48,395
Baltic languages	14,675	6,470	8,205	1,360	660	705
Latvian	6,500	2,960	3,540	590	300	290
Lithuanian	8,185	3,510	4,675	775	360	415
Slavic languages	805,915	379,965	425,945	92,300	44,340	47,960
Belarusan	2,265	1,070	1,195	200	95	105
Bosnian	18,265	9,055	9,215	2,880	1,450	1,435
Bulgarian	22,425	10,920	11,505	1,795	945	850
Croatian	69,840	34,515	35,325	6,280	3,260	3,025
Czech	28,720	13,675	15,050	3,590	1,650	1,940
Macedonian	23,075	11,190	11,880	535	270	265
Polish	214,965	99,365	115,600	23,650	11,455	12,195
Russian	269,645	127,055	142,595	27,375	13,195	14,175
Serbian	73,775	37,040	36,740	5,355	2,630	2,730
Serbo-Croatian	11,275	5,525	5,750	1,095	550	540
Slovak	21,470	10,215	11,255	2,780	1,495	1,285
Slovene (Slovenian)	11,495	5,205	6,290	735	360	375
Ukrainian	132,115	58,820	73,300	26,600	11,980	14,620
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	3,000	1,590	1,405	250	120	130
Celtic languages	9,165	4,705	4,455	1,180	615	560
Scottish Gaelic	3,980	2,010	1,975	440	215	225
Welsh	1,690	830	860	315	180	130
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	3,590	1,915	1,680	450	220	225
Germanic languages	695,535	337,215	358,320	112,670	56,325	56,345
Afrikaans	23,410	11,795	11,610	5,165	2,655	2,515
Danish	15,745	7,320	8,425	2,800	1,360	1,440
Dutch	120,865	57,885	62,990	19,480	9,595	9,890
Frisian	2,910	1,515	1,395	475	275	205
German	502,730	245,745	256,985	83,010	41,905	41,105
Icelandic	1,780	830	945	160	70	95
Norwegian	8,120	3,860	4,260	1,450	635	810
Swedish	14,140	6,510	7,635	1,635	800	835
Vlaams (Flemish)	4,400	1,945	2,455	380	170	215
Yiddish	20,985	10,435	10,550	250	130	115
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	8,710	4,425	4,285	2,115	1,095	1,015
Greek	150,965	75,510	75,455	4,935	2,535	2,400
Indo-Iranian languages	1,658,220	840,850	817,365	206,725	106,045	100,675
Indo-Aryan languages	1,387,805	704,370	683,435	186,005	95,045	90,960
Bengali	91,220	46,935	44,285	8,530	4,385	4,140
Gujarati	149,045	74,765	74,285	18,005	8,945	9,055
Hindi	433,365	221,665	211,700	61,290	31,900	29,385
Kashmiri	905	490	420	125	80	45
Konkani	6,790	3,185	3,605	625	300	320
Marathi	15,570	8,200	7,365	2,575	1,385	1,195
Nepali	21,380	10,915	10,470	5,510	3,000	2,510
Oriya (Odia)	1,535	755	775	255	135	120
Punjabi (Panjabi)	668,240	341,450	326,790	90,485	46,350	44,135
Sindhi	20,260	9,310	10,945	4,595	2,065	2,530
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	27,825	13,970	13,855	3,800	1,925	1,875
Urdu	322,220	164,685	157,535	41,235	21,245	20,000
Iranian languages	281,715	142,030	139,680	22,140	11,665	10,475
Kurdish	15,290	8,290	7,000	1,930	1,100	825
Pashto	23,180	12,465	10,715	3,330	1,795	1,530
Persian (Farsi)	252,320	126,565	125,755	17,600	9,220	8,375
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	8,875	4,715	4,155	1,760	960	805
Italic (Romance) languages	1,897,630	898,530	999,100	142,340	69,885	72,450
Catalan	2,035	1,145	890	170	95	80
Italian	574,725	278,500	296,225	19,900	9,875	10,020
Portuguese	295,955	144,465	151,485	12,670	6,255	6,415
Romanian	115,050	55,275	59,770	9,915	5,185	4,735
Spanish	995,255	460,250	535,010	104,445	50,960	53,490
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	2,680	1,610	1,075	250	130	125
Japanese	83,090	36,760	46,335	9,215	4,115	5,100
Kartvelian languages	2,150	1,075	1,075	225	130	100
Georgian	2,150	1,080	1,070	230	130	100
Korean	172,755	80,170	92,590	19,950	9,405	10,545
Mongolic languages	2,090	960	1,130	800	375	430
Mongolian	2,090	960	1,130	800	370	430
Niger-Congo languages	177,215	88,135	89,080	29,430	14,980	14,450
Akan (Twi)	22,145	10,810	11,340	2,925	1,505	1,420
Bamanankan	3,190	1,660	1,530	60	30	30
Edo	3,220	1,510	1,705	620	325	290
Ewe	3,000	1,685	1,315	335	170	165
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	4,725	2,460	2,260	300	165	135
Ga	2,250	1,140	1,110	345	190	155
Ganda	2,495	1,175	1,320	610	305	305
Igbo	8,850	4,710	4,140	2,550	1,345	1,210
Lingala	17,010	7,865	9,145	1,240	640	605
Rundi (Kirundi)	8,590	4,075	4,515	830	420	410
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	7,860	3,600	4,260	1,155	605	550
Shona	5,425	2,530	2,905	1,810	850	960
Swahili	38,680	19,565	19,115	6,700	3,470	3,235
Wolof	8,240	4,455	3,785	600	365	235
Yoruba	22,420	11,475	10,940	5,930	3,035	2,890
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40,760	20,375	20,385	6,585	3,265	3,320
Nilo-Saharan languages	7,015	3,520	3,495	3,070	1,495	1,575
Dinka	2,475	1,280	1,190	1,655	825	825
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	4,555	2,240	2,315	1,425	675	750
Sign languages	48,115	18,985	29,130	5,910	2,350	3,555
American Sign Language	21,930	7,780	14,155	3,085	1,130	1,955
Quebec Sign Language	4,665	1,665	3,005	0	0	10
Sign languages, n.i.e.	22,275	9,835	12,440	2,855	1,230	1,625
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,430,440	672,100	758,340	141,860	67,945	73,915
Chinese languages	1,413,110	663,465	749,640	139,385	66,700	72,685
Cantonese	699,125	325,840	373,285	74,770	35,490	39,280
Hakka	12,445	5,555	6,890	1,180	515	660
Mandarin	814,450	377,635	436,815	70,510	33,310	37,195
Min Dong	1,045	440	600	85	50	40
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	42,840	19,005	23,835	4,140	1,765	2,380
Wu (Shanghainese)	16,530	7,490	9,040	855	380	470
Chinese, n.o.s.	41,690	19,995	21,690	6,335	3,160	3,175
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	590	250	340	55	25	35
Tibeto-Burman languages	18,270	9,100	9,175	2,590	1,290	1,300
Burmese	4,995	2,490	2,500	605	305	295
Karenic languages	4,895	2,425	2,475	805	415	390
Tibetan	7,050	3,555	3,490	860	430	430
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	2,375	1,160	1,220	445	215	235
Tai-Kadai languages	30,400	13,210	17,195	3,705	1,510	2,195
Lao	17,235	8,240	8,990	1,520	730	795
Thai	15,390	5,875	9,520	2,400	850	1,545
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	115	50	65	45	25	25
Turkic languages	60,530	31,585	28,945	5,795	3,180	2,625
Azerbaijani	5,450	2,885	2,565	630	325	300
Turkish	50,775	26,605	24,165	4,255	2,420	1,835
Uyghur	1,385	685	700	290	135	155
Uzbek	2,465	1,230	1,235	425	200	225
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	1,870	905	965	355	170	180
Uralic languages	94,810	44,270	50,545	8,895	4,315	4,575
Estonian	6,070	2,750	3,315	185	85	105
Finnish	17,595	7,540	10,050	1,045	455	590
Hungarian	71,285	34,005	37,280	7,660	3,770	3,890
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	9,730	5,375	4,355	1,820	1,025	790
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,645
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	32,034,590	15,799,495	16,235,090	3,622,740	1,825,135	1,797,600
Canadian citizens aged under 18	6,652,795	3,412,785	3,240,010	854,815	439,065	415,755
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	25,381,795	12,386,710	12,995,080	2,767,920	1,386,070	1,381,850
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	2,425,480	1,172,085	1,253,400	355,410	173,365	182,045
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,650
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	26,412,610	13,124,325	13,288,290	3,062,775	1,550,445	1,512,335
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	7,540,830	3,586,495	3,954,330	845,220	412,320	432,895
Before 1981	1,941,510	927,795	1,013,715	163,460	81,620	81,840
1981 to 1990	915,555	439,245	476,310	86,350	41,690	44,660
1991 to 2000	1,486,655	696,720	789,940	131,560	62,930	68,630
2001 to 2010	1,985,035	940,570	1,044,465	256,055	125,235	130,820
2001 to 2005	928,935	439,890	489,050	109,145	53,425	55,720
2006 to 2010	1,056,095	500,680	555,415	146,910	71,810	75,100
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	1,212,075	582,175	629,895	207,790	100,845	106,945
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	506,625	260,755	245,870	70,155	35,735	34,420
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	7,540,830	3,586,500	3,954,335	845,220	412,320	432,895
Under 5 years	731,340	364,165	367,175	82,175	42,200	39,975
5 to 14 years	1,311,810	665,870	645,945	149,815	77,820	71,995
15 to 24 years	1,604,430	724,430	880,005	168,965	78,215	90,755
25 to 44 years	3,198,920	1,513,970	1,684,950	372,805	180,265	192,535
45 years and over	694,320	318,060	376,260	71,450	33,820	37,630
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	7,540,830	3,586,495	3,954,330	845,215	412,325	432,895
Americas	1,128,745	510,650	618,100	103,540	49,345	54,190
Brazil	29,320	13,235	16,080	2,545	1,100	1,440
Colombia	70,035	32,065	37,965	9,535	4,570	4,960
El Salvador	48,080	23,865	24,215	7,255	3,725	3,530
Guyana	87,685	38,940	48,745	2,555	1,200	1,355
Haiti	93,480	40,955	52,525	1,270	675	600
Jamaica	138,345	59,960	78,390	6,845	3,170	3,680
Mexico	80,585	37,530	43,055	15,665	7,860	7,805
Peru	29,615	12,950	16,665	1,920	780	1,140
Trinidad and Tobago	65,040	29,325	35,710	3,415	1,670	1,750
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	253,715	113,505	140,215	30,460	13,675	16,785
Other places of birth in Americas	232,850	108,325	124,530	22,075	10,925	11,150
Europe	2,088,410	1,015,145	1,073,260	189,770	95,355	94,415
Bosnia and Herzegovina	36,135	18,050	18,085	4,555	2,325	2,230
Croatia	40,045	20,005	20,035	3,080	1,615	1,465
France	105,565	55,395	50,170	2,535	1,215	1,320
Germany	145,845	69,525	76,320	19,205	9,485	9,715
Greece	62,715	31,580	31,135	2,005	1,115	890
Hungary	36,820	17,945	18,875	3,665	1,880	1,785
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	28,325	14,355	13,970	3,935	2,100	1,835
Italy	236,640	118,595	118,040	8,110	4,370	3,745
Netherlands	88,475	45,185	43,295	14,035	7,420	6,610
Poland	146,465	66,450	80,020	16,925	8,045	8,880
Portugal	139,450	68,150	71,300	4,050	1,985	2,070
Romania	90,305	42,795	47,510	7,725	3,930	3,795
Russian Federation	78,685	34,265	44,420	7,260	3,135	4,125
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	33,320	16,325	17,000	2,255	1,080	1,170
Ukraine	73,030	33,360	39,665	8,150	3,700	4,455
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	499,115	243,225	255,890	59,215	30,280	28,935
Other places of birth in Europe	247,470	119,945	127,530	23,060	11,670	11,390
Africa	637,485	322,510	314,970	89,740	46,705	43,030
Algeria	64,620	33,920	30,705	1,340	715	625
Egypt	64,615	34,125	30,495	5,320	2,940	2,375
Ethiopia	32,790	15,980	16,810	10,570	5,355	5,215
Kenya	27,150	12,810	14,340	5,120	2,555	2,565
Morocco	69,655	36,120	33,535	1,695	1,005	695
Nigeria	42,430	21,830	20,600	12,405	6,520	5,880
Somalia	27,230	12,070	15,160	7,060	3,665	3,395
South Africa, Republic of	44,660	22,205	22,460	7,355	3,670	3,685
Other places of birth in Africa	264,320	133,450	130,870	38,865	20,275	18,590
Asia	3,629,160	1,709,985	1,919,175	452,225	215,955	236,265
Afghanistan	51,955	26,030	25,930	5,190	2,765	2,430
Bangladesh	58,735	29,875	28,865	5,085	2,590	2,500
China^{Census data footnote 59}	649,260	290,800	358,460	57,690	26,510	31,185
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	208,940	98,020	110,915	19,110	9,265	9,850
India	668,565	334,030	334,540	91,660	46,625	45,035
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	154,425	77,970	76,455	8,910	4,655	4,250
Iraq	68,485	34,785	33,705	5,935	3,205	2,730
Japan	27,240	7,955	19,285	3,065	905	2,160
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	123,305	57,170	66,140	13,850	6,530	7,320
Lebanon	88,745	47,295	41,450	10,395	5,640	4,750
Pakistan	202,260	103,225	99,035	28,075	14,630	13,445
Philippines	588,305	247,095	341,210	123,830	54,075	69,755
Sri Lanka	131,995	64,825	67,170	4,835	2,475	2,365
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	52,960	26,595	26,365	4,800	2,515	2,280
Taiwan	63,770	28,170	35,605	3,455	1,460	2,000
Viet Nam	169,250	78,000	91,250	27,080	12,645	14,435
Other places of birth in Asia	320,965	158,150	162,815	39,250	19,485	19,765
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	57,030	28,210	28,825	9,940	4,950	4,990
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	1,212,075	582,180	629,895	207,790	100,845	106,945
Americas	152,595	72,870	79,720	20,060	9,660	10,400
Brazil	8,500	4,000	4,490	860	370	490
Colombia	15,300	6,885	8,415	2,295	1,020	1,275
Cuba	5,370	2,545	2,820	465	215	255
Haiti	19,985	9,160	10,830	385	240	150
Jamaica	12,495	6,680	5,820	1,660	765	895
Mexico	18,660	9,090	9,575	4,405	2,250	2,150
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	33,060	16,480	16,580	4,645	2,130	2,515
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	6,425	2,990	3,435	1,570	745	820
Other places of birth in Americas	32,790	15,040	17,750	3,785	1,930	1,855
Europe	140,030	70,995	69,035	20,870	10,830	10,045
France	24,150	13,000	11,150	425	240	180
Germany	6,300	3,255	3,045	1,370	710	655
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	5,660	3,540	2,120	1,355	835	520
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	5,900	2,735	3,165	715	365	350
Romania	7,610	3,330	4,280	1,100	545	555
Russian Federation	11,565	4,485	7,080	1,235	430	805
Ukraine	13,425	6,015	7,410	2,340	1,060	1,280
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	24,445	14,235	10,215	6,225	3,570	2,650
Other places of birth in Europe	40,970	20,405	20,570	6,100	3,065	3,040
Africa	162,800	81,545	81,245	27,770	14,165	13,610
Algeria	17,175	8,440	8,735	255	115	135
Cameroon	10,265	5,005	5,255	1,055	515	545
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	7,400	3,570	3,835	805	365	440
Côte d'Ivoire	6,240	3,030	3,210	420	210	210
Egypt	16,115	8,445	7,665	1,940	1,045	895
Eritrea	6,050	3,195	2,855	2,390	1,335	1,055
Ethiopia	7,510	3,625	3,890	3,445	1,670	1,780
Morocco	15,105	7,470	7,635	515	265	250
Nigeria	17,285	8,850	8,435	6,110	3,200	2,910
Somalia	5,335	2,600	2,730	2,120	1,110	1,010
South Africa, Republic of	5,765	2,935	2,830	1,590	800	785
Tunisia	6,700	3,475	3,230	255	135	125
Other places of birth in Africa	41,855	20,905	20,950	6,870	3,400	3,470
Asia	748,700	352,095	396,610	137,110	65,055	72,050
Afghanistan	9,240	4,530	4,710	810	435	375
Bangladesh	12,900	6,445	6,460	1,355	635	715
China^{Census data footnote 59}	129,020	57,745	71,270	10,525	4,700	5,825
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	4,975	2,090	2,880	750	305	450
India	147,190	75,145	72,045	28,820	14,915	13,900
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	42,070	20,580	21,490	3,265	1,665	1,600
Iraq	20,665	10,345	10,320	2,010	1,045	960
Israel	4,740	2,615	2,130	480	250	230
Japan	4,905	1,250	3,655	665	195	475
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	21,710	9,630	12,075	3,840	1,710	2,125
Lebanon	9,375	4,980	4,400	1,470	755	710
Nepal	7,505	3,780	3,715	2,615	1,380	1,240
Pakistan	41,480	20,530	20,945	6,910	3,420	3,490
Philippines	188,810	83,050	105,760	59,390	26,960	32,435
Saudi Arabia	5,465	2,820	2,640	820	435	385
Sri Lanka	11,495	5,190	6,305	1,345	650	695
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	29,945	15,245	14,700	3,340	1,705	1,630
Taiwan	4,310	1,685	2,625	505	165	340
Turkey	4,255	2,365	1,890	390	215	180
United Arab Emirates	6,135	3,220	2,910	810	430	375
Viet Nam	11,210	4,500	6,705	2,040	795	1,240
Other places of birth in Asia	31,320	14,345	16,970	4,965	2,285	2,680
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	7,955	4,670	3,280	1,980	1,135	845
Australia	4,965	2,950	2,010	1,065	600	465
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	2,990	1,720	1,270	915	535	375
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	34,460,060	16,971,575	17,488,485	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,650
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	8,219,555	3,936,045	4,283,505	938,500	460,015	478,480
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	6,100,725	3,053,075	3,047,650	742,455	374,065	368,390
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	20,139,790	9,982,460	10,157,330	2,297,195	1,164,420	1,132,775
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	5,703,615	2,709,530	2,994,085	694,945	337,380	357,565
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	2,994,130	1,496,240	1,497,885	387,275	195,845	191,430
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	1,220,755	755,370	465,380	154,700	96,855	57,850
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	1,773,380	740,870	1,032,510	232,570	98,990	133,575
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	1,782,490	728,085	1,054,400	198,575	81,650	116,920
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	858,845	453,675	405,175	103,785	57,130	46,650
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	68,145	31,530	36,615	5,320	2,745	2,570
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,650
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	1,673,785	813,520	860,265	258,640	125,445	133,195
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	1,629,805	792,970	836,835	253,460	123,115	130,340
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	977,235	471,510	505,725	136,585	65,755	70,835
Métis	587,545	289,435	298,115	114,370	56,170	58,200
Inuk (Inuit)	65,030	32,030	32,995	2,500	1,195	1,305
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	21,310	10,165	11,145	2,905	1,350	1,555
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	22,670	10,385	12,290	2,280	975	1,300
Non-Aboriginal identity	32,786,280	16,158,060	16,628,225	3,719,505	1,873,055	1,846,450
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	820,120	395,670	424,445	123,235	59,065	64,170
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	33,639,945	16,575,905	17,064,040	3,854,915	1,939,430	1,915,475
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,490	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	727,790	356,970	370,815	103,600	50,680	52,915
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	709,235	347,985	361,245	99,940	48,860	51,070
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	573,215	280,040	293,180	81,685	39,815	41,870
Métis single ancestry	91,255	45,740	45,515	17,515	8,690	8,820
Inuit single ancestry	44,765	22,210	22,555	735	355	380
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	18,555	8,985	9,565	3,665	1,820	1,845
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	15,140	7,305	7,835	3,490	1,725	1,765
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	2,470	1,205	1,265	105	55	50
Métis and Inuit ancestries	770	390	380	50	35	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	170	85	85	20	0	15
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	1,402,735	669,710	733,025	200,215	97,055	103,160
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	1,347,610	644,210	703,400	189,830	92,295	97,530
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	881,455	418,215	463,235	104,875	50,595	54,280
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	441,000	213,940	227,065	82,585	40,530	42,060
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25,155	12,045	13,105	2,365	1,170	1,195
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	55,125	25,505	29,625	10,385	4,760	5,625
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	49,325	22,740	26,585	9,760	4,465	5,295
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,470	1,655	1,815	310	155	155
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,005	940	1,065	270	110	160
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	325	170	160	40	25	20
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	32,329,545	15,944,900	16,384,645	3,674,330	1,850,760	1,823,570
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,645
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	7,674,580	3,725,090	3,949,495	933,165	461,460	471,705
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	1,924,635	977,690	946,945	230,930	118,535	112,390
Chinese	1,577,060	746,400	830,665	158,200	77,035	81,165
Black	1,198,540	580,070	618,475	129,390	66,960	62,440
Filipino	780,125	341,800	438,330	166,195	74,770	91,425
Latin American	447,325	215,460	231,860	55,090	27,560	27,525
Arab	523,235	276,425	246,810	56,700	30,245	26,450
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	313,260	148,880	164,385	43,985	21,025	22,960
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	264,305	133,475	130,825	20,980	11,010	9,965
Korean	188,710	89,110	99,600	21,275	10,130	11,145
Japanese	92,920	40,105	52,815	12,165	5,495	6,670
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	132,090	62,540	69,550	9,900	4,700	5,205
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	232,375	113,140	119,230	28,360	13,985	14,375
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	26,785,480	13,246,485	13,539,000	3,044,980	1,537,040	1,507,940
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	3,978,150	1,998,500	1,979,645
North American Aboriginal origins	2,130,520	1,026,675	1,103,840	303,815	147,735	156,075
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,525,570	731,410	794,155	200,290	96,845	103,445
Inuit	79,130	38,695	40,435	3,900	1,915	1,985
Métis	599,995	291,310	308,690	113,735	55,590	58,150
Other North American origins	11,628,535	5,745,695	5,882,835	955,040	486,735	468,305
Acadian	119,675	57,805	61,865	5,545	2,970	2,570
American	377,405	182,690	194,715	72,355	35,480	36,875
Canadian	11,135,965	5,501,595	5,634,370	902,315	460,335	441,975
New Brunswicker	1,490	800	685	50	35	15
Newfoundlander	22,215	11,420	10,800	1,985	1,135	850
Nova Scotian	3,700	1,770	1,930	190	115	70
Ontarian	3,925	1,980	1,945	110	65	45
Québécois	194,560	99,320	95,235	1,380	750	630
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	1,895	950	945	415	210	205
European origins	19,683,320	9,687,715	9,995,605	2,580,720	1,292,280	1,288,440
British Isles origins	11,211,850	5,474,735	5,737,115	1,581,265	787,205	794,060
Channel Islander	3,595	1,740	1,855	225	115	115
Cornish	1,975	995	975	210	90	115
English	6,320,085	3,069,515	3,250,570	899,440	444,010	455,440
Irish	4,627,000	2,195,620	2,431,385	596,750	288,710	308,040
Manx	6,125	3,090	3,040	945	450	495
Scottish	4,799,005	2,323,390	2,475,620	704,205	347,740	356,460
Welsh	474,805	226,600	248,210	80,455	38,715	41,740
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	644,695	307,090	337,610	90,865	44,055	46,815
French origins	4,680,820	2,283,480	2,397,340	411,560	201,160	210,395
Alsatian	2,800	1,300	1,495	200	120	80
Breton	11,845	5,765	6,080	60	25	35
Corsican	1,750	950	805	125	65	70
French	4,670,595	2,278,430	2,392,165	411,315	201,030	210,290
Western European origins (except French origins)	4,600,855	2,258,095	2,342,760	915,185	455,115	460,065
Austrian	207,050	100,775	106,275	39,530	19,225	20,305
Bavarian	940	485	455	110	60	55
Belgian	186,665	91,395	95,270	21,210	10,320	10,890
Dutch	1,111,655	546,565	565,090	195,720	97,735	97,990
Flemish	11,685	5,730	5,960	2,005	870	1,140
Frisian	4,590	2,395	2,195	685	380	305
German	3,322,405	1,626,785	1,695,615	712,955	353,755	359,195
Luxembourger	3,915	2,025	1,890	680	355	320
Swiss	155,120	76,935	78,185	24,310	11,905	12,410
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	3,365	1,645	1,720	830	390	440
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,201,320	579,005	622,315	329,990	159,695	170,295
Danish	207,470	100,660	106,810	60,380	29,240	31,135
Finnish	143,645	69,045	74,600	17,755	8,780	8,975
Icelandic	101,795	49,875	51,915	20,225	10,050	10,175
Norwegian	463,275	223,075	240,200	156,595	75,160	81,430
Swedish	349,645	163,545	186,095	97,840	46,445	51,385
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	52,780	26,965	25,820	13,515	7,005	6,505
Eastern European origins	3,431,245	1,666,740	1,764,505	685,270	336,430	348,845
Bulgarian	34,565	16,935	17,625	2,935	1,510	1,425
Byelorussian	20,710	10,190	10,515	2,200	1,165	1,035
Czech	104,580	51,555	53,030	20,865	10,405	10,460
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	40,715	19,235	21,480	10,055	4,800	5,255
Estonian	24,530	11,715	12,815	2,715	1,240	1,470
Hungarian	348,085	170,040	178,045	56,270	27,385	28,885
Latvian	30,725	14,920	15,805	3,245	1,585	1,660
Lithuanian	59,285	28,745	30,535	6,090	2,915	3,175
Moldovan	14,915	7,265	7,650	1,585	790	790
Polish	1,106,585	533,830	572,750	186,510	91,115	95,395
Romanian	238,050	114,705	123,345	34,230	16,520	17,710
Russian	622,445	297,600	324,850	107,800	51,840	55,960
Slovak	72,285	35,360	36,925	11,010	5,495	5,515
Ukrainian	1,359,655	663,560	696,095	369,090	181,600	187,490
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	20,415	9,895	10,520	1,910	1,015	895
Southern European origins	3,012,375	1,494,605	1,517,775	215,725	107,495	108,230
Albanian	36,185	18,385	17,800	2,935	1,555	1,385
Bosnian	26,740	13,320	13,420	3,870	1,985	1,890
Catalan	1,280	740	535	85	55	25
Croatian	133,970	67,825	66,140	14,220	7,535	6,690
Cypriot	5,650	2,850	2,795	160	90	70
Greek	271,410	137,405	134,005	15,025	7,790	7,235
Italian	1,587,965	794,525	793,445	101,265	50,975	50,285
Kosovar	2,865	1,470	1,395	420	210	210
Macedonian	43,110	21,650	21,460	1,015	485	535
Maltese	41,920	20,955	20,965	1,560	845	715
Montenegrin	4,160	2,180	1,985	290	185	105
Portuguese	482,605	239,360	243,250	22,385	11,395	10,985
Serbian	96,530	49,095	47,440	7,755	3,875	3,875
Sicilian	6,940	3,500	3,435	330	160	170
Slovenian	40,470	20,105	20,365	3,885	2,010	1,875
Spanish	396,460	184,520	211,945	48,055	22,225	25,835
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	38,480	18,620	19,860	5,120	2,495	2,625
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	2,170	1,030	1,135	245	120	125
Other European origins	226,695	115,110	111,580	22,805	11,700	11,105
Basque	6,965	3,690	3,275	425	210	215
Jewish	143,660	72,625	71,035	9,780	4,890	4,885
Roma (Gypsy)	4,630	2,195	2,440	465	220	245
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	4,870	2,560	2,310	995	505	490
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	67,890	34,730	33,160	11,255	5,940	5,310
Caribbean origins	749,155	349,810	399,345	36,120	18,050	18,070
Antiguan	4,500	2,115	2,385	455	265	190
Bahamian	3,675	1,915	1,760	310	180	130
Barbadian	37,780	17,745	20,035	2,065	980	1,080
Bermudan	3,075	1,435	1,640	210	120	90
Carib	3,030	1,175	1,860	135	45	85
Cuban	29,065	13,800	15,270	2,175	1,110	1,060
Dominican	23,130	11,000	12,125	930	530	395
Grenadian	17,915	7,835	10,080	595	300	295
Guadeloupean	1,125	515	605	0	0	0
Haitian	165,095	76,460	88,635	2,235	1,210	1,025
Jamaican	309,485	145,080	164,410	17,325	8,540	8,785
Kittitian/Nevisian	2,915	1,460	1,460	95	65	30
Martinican	2,010	900	1,110	10	0	0
Montserratan	930	460	470	30	10	25
Puerto Rican	3,405	1,645	1,765	460	225	240
St. Lucian	8,985	4,095	4,890	595	295	300
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	78,965	37,325	41,635	5,180	2,685	2,490
Vincentian/Grenadinian	17,420	7,475	9,945	535	215	325
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	70,270	31,625	38,645	2,670	1,275	1,395
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	26,830	12,520	14,310	2,305	1,110	1,200
Latin, Central and South American origins	674,640	325,210	349,430	78,405	39,030	39,375
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	22,725	10,875	11,850	1,980	965	1,015
Arawak	1,440	610	830	105	30	70
Argentinian	20,680	10,130	10,545	1,385	705	680
Belizean	1,755	915	845	445	250	190
Bolivian	5,055	2,480	2,580	590	305	285
Brazilian	36,830	17,380	19,455	3,030	1,330	1,700
Chilean	45,190	22,280	22,910	8,105	4,115	3,990
Colombian	96,325	45,590	50,735	12,585	6,060	6,525
Costa Rican	5,535	2,680	2,855	575	270	305
Ecuadorian	25,405	11,995	13,415	890	405	485
Guatemalan	26,275	13,360	12,915	2,395	1,270	1,120
Guyanese	84,275	39,530	44,745	3,095	1,545	1,555
Hispanic	11,055	5,380	5,670	1,785	905	885
Honduran	10,650	5,235	5,415	760	405	355
Maya	6,285	3,350	2,940	580	310	275
Mexican	128,485	62,890	65,595	22,475	11,430	11,045
Nicaraguan	13,705	6,650	7,055	1,675	825	855
Panamanian	4,700	2,210	2,495	320	150	170
Paraguayan	4,325	2,165	2,160	340	155	190
Peruvian	42,145	19,645	22,505	2,740	1,245	1,495
Salvadorean	66,220	32,960	33,255	8,810	4,545	4,270
Uruguayan	6,795	3,390	3,410	315	180	135
Venezuelan	26,345	12,220	14,125	4,690	2,295	2,390
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	28,455	13,930	14,525	3,430	1,735	1,695
African origins	1,067,930	539,805	528,120	136,510	70,620	65,885
Central and West African origins	230,110	118,040	112,070	33,170	17,430	15,735
Akan	1,955	1,090	870	130	80	50
Angolan	2,960	1,475	1,480	295	155	140
Ashanti	1,585	855	735	130	70	55
Beninese	4,995	2,670	2,320	200	90	105
Burkinabe	3,150	1,665	1,485	100	50	50
Cameroonian	24,615	12,390	12,230	2,040	1,010	1,035
Chadian	1,845	955	885	75	55	20
Congolese	38,365	18,925	19,440	4,095	2,100	1,990
Edo	1,945	1,095	855	555	320	235
Ewe	845	470	375	125	70	55
Gabonese	1,405	660	750	25	10	20
Gambian	975	495	475	110	60	50
Ghanaian	35,495	17,720	17,770	4,470	2,365	2,100
Guinean	7,240	3,785	3,455	455	235	215
Ibo	5,315	2,850	2,470	1,760	935	825
Ivorian	10,935	5,485	5,450	655	355	295
Liberian	2,485	1,130	1,360	1,040	495	540
Malian	4,490	2,280	2,210	70	45	25
Malinké	1,125	585	535	95	55	45
Nigerian	51,835	27,025	24,805	13,010	6,815	6,200
Peulh	2,435	1,270	1,170	105	70	35
Senegalese	10,175	5,500	4,670	575	370	205
Sierra Leonean	2,620	1,330	1,295	740	395	345
Togolese	5,300	2,870	2,430	150	70	80
Wolof	840	495	345	70	45	25
Yoruba	9,585	5,075	4,515	2,990	1,600	1,385
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	15,380	7,940	7,445	1,865	985	875
North African origins	355,045	185,775	169,270	23,235	12,305	10,935
Algerian	67,335	34,755	32,580	1,620	805	815
Berber	37,060	19,685	17,375	685	415	270
Coptic	3,535	1,860	1,680	225	115	110
Dinka	900	500	400	565	320	250
Egyptian	99,140	51,730	47,410	8,525	4,515	4,010
Libyan	7,740	4,135	3,605	1,300	665	635
Maure	1,190	655	535	95	70	25
Moroccan	103,940	54,005	49,945	2,510	1,380	1,130
Sudanese	19,960	10,315	9,645	7,070	3,695	3,375
Tunisian	25,645	13,985	11,665	940	480	455
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	6,115	3,320	2,795	575	315	260
Southern and East African origins	260,145	128,325	131,815	56,560	29,285	27,275
Afrikaner	1,870	955	915	315	155	160
Amhara	1,530	815	715	450	240	215
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	3,965	2,175	1,785	700	395	310
Burundian	10,990	5,405	5,580	975	555	420
Djiboutian	1,710	790	920	170	90	75
Eritrean	25,255	12,830	12,430	7,960	4,250	3,715
Ethiopian	44,065	21,680	22,385	13,225	6,710	6,510
Harari	665	355	305	165	85	80
Kenyan	10,915	5,230	5,685	2,175	1,035	1,140
Malagasy	4,500	2,175	2,325	125	55	70
Mauritian	9,325	4,655	4,665	550	310	235
Oromo	3,350	1,745	1,605	1,355	765	595
Rwandan	10,775	5,065	5,705	1,420	745	675
Seychellois	1,285	575	710	35	25	10
Somali	62,550	30,215	32,330	14,100	7,315	6,790
South African	41,375	20,575	20,800	6,635	3,310	3,320
Tanzanian	4,710	2,400	2,310	1,030	525	505
Tigrian	2,155	1,160	995	700	380	320
Ugandan	5,705	2,875	2,830	1,155	645	510
Zambian	1,860	935	920	265	155	110
Zimbabwean	8,090	3,975	4,110	2,590	1,300	1,285
Zulu	945	475	475	295	135	160
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	17,305	8,445	8,860	3,875	2,010	1,870
Other African origins	239,560	116,400	123,165	26,150	12,995	13,155
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	30,385	14,015	16,370	2,525	1,220	1,305
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	212,005	103,790	108,215	23,960	11,950	12,010
Asian origins	6,095,235	2,958,120	3,137,115	756,335	370,390	385,945
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	1,011,145	518,170	492,980	97,355	51,035	46,315
Afghan	83,995	42,320	41,675	8,540	4,545	3,995
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	111,400	58,930	52,475	10,470	5,690	4,780
Armenian	63,810	31,505	32,305	1,780	865	910
Assyrian	13,835	7,115	6,720	560	300	255
Azerbaijani	6,425	3,230	3,200	615	280	335
Georgian	4,775	2,430	2,345	400	230	165
Hazara	1,515	810	705	365	190	170
Iranian	210,405	106,565	103,840	13,925	7,220	6,705
Iraqi	70,925	35,965	34,955	6,165	3,250	2,915
Israeli	28,735	15,065	13,675	1,565	830	740
Jordanian	14,250	7,520	6,735	1,325	670	655
Kazakh	3,330	1,615	1,710	565	260	310
Kurd	16,315	8,810	7,515	2,040	1,160	880
Kuwaiti	2,235	1,185	1,055	185	110	80
Kyrgyz	1,060	510	550	200	110	90
Lebanese	219,555	112,970	106,590	32,365	16,835	15,525
Palestinian	44,820	23,900	20,920	4,880	2,675	2,210
Pashtun	4,810	2,565	2,245	645	305	345
Saudi Arabian	6,810	3,935	2,880	390	205	180
Syrian	77,045	38,445	38,600	7,215	3,605	3,610
Tajik	2,905	1,410	1,495	265	160	105
Tatar	4,825	2,155	2,670	530	215	315
Turk	63,955	32,855	31,100	5,745	3,155	2,595
Turkmen	1,040	540	500	105	55	50
Uighur	1,555	775	785	270	125	140
Uzbek	3,920	1,920	2,000	485	225	260
Yemeni	6,645	3,335	3,305	930	440	485
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	25,280	13,180	12,100	2,445	1,305	1,140
South Asian origins	1,963,330	993,595	969,735	231,550	118,855	112,695
Bangladeshi	45,940	23,645	22,300	4,155	2,085	2,070
Bengali	22,900	11,730	11,180	1,660	870	790
Bhutanese	3,600	1,765	1,835	815	410	400
East Indian	1,374,710	694,990	679,720	174,510	89,140	85,370
Goan	6,070	2,915	3,155	495	265	225
Gujarati	8,350	4,305	4,050	855	445	410
Kashmiri	3,115	1,605	1,510	720	355	365
Nepali	17,140	8,715	8,420	4,600	2,490	2,110
Pakistani	215,555	110,420	105,140	29,265	15,075	14,190
Punjabi	118,400	61,155	57,240	15,645	8,230	7,420
Sinhalese	7,285	3,605	3,685	750	400	355
Sri Lankan	152,595	75,010	77,585	5,585	2,885	2,695
Tamil	48,670	24,845	23,825	1,050	565	485
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	76,400	38,815	37,585	4,845	2,500	2,335
East and Southeast Asian origins	3,163,360	1,467,205	1,696,155	431,135	202,400	228,735
Burmese	9,335	4,535	4,795	1,270	650	615
Cambodian (Khmer)	38,490	18,515	19,980	4,260	2,245	2,015
Chinese	1,769,195	836,150	933,045	188,280	90,735	97,545
Filipino	837,130	369,105	468,025	175,130	79,150	95,975
Hmong	805	420	390	0	0	0
Indonesian	21,390	9,950	11,440	3,005	1,425	1,575
Japanese	121,485	53,415	68,070	16,595	7,510	9,085
Karen	4,510	2,275	2,240	740	390	345
Korean	198,210	93,680	104,525	22,410	10,655	11,755
Laotian	24,580	12,190	12,390	2,050	1,020	1,030
Malaysian	16,920	7,735	9,185	2,970	1,340	1,630
Mongolian	7,480	3,560	3,915	1,565	725	835
Singaporean	2,850	1,325	1,520	370	180	190
Taiwanese	36,510	16,570	19,945	1,995	855	1,140
Thai	19,010	7,330	11,680	2,735	980	1,750
Tibetan	8,040	4,055	3,985	965	500	465
Vietnamese	240,615	115,935	124,680	36,780	17,720	19,060
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	6,500	3,150	3,355	735	385	345
Other Asian origins	22,745	11,280	11,460	3,115	1,580	1,530
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	22,740	11,280	11,460	3,115	1,585	1,530
Oceania origins	85,470	43,030	42,440	15,500	7,825	7,680
Australian	42,315	21,710	20,605	7,785	3,975	3,810
New Zealander	15,395	8,065	7,330	2,905	1,535	1,370
Pacific Islands origins	29,485	14,240	15,250	5,150	2,510	2,635
Fijian	19,375	9,280	10,090	3,325	1,580	1,745
Hawaiian	3,295	1,500	1,795	425	190	235
Maori	2,500	1,310	1,195	640	325	320
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	1,530	725	805	205	105	95
Samoan	1,100	625	475	280	180	100
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	2,335	1,145	1,185	375	195	180
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	14,072,075	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Owner	9,541,320	...	...	1,105,795	...	...
Renter	4,474,530	...	...	412,150	...	...
Band housing	56,230	...	...	9,730	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	14,072,075	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Condominium	1,874,840	...	...	256,015	...	...
Not condominium	12,197,240	...	...	1,271,660	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	14,072,080	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
No bedrooms	93,345	...	...	5,440	...	...
1 bedroom	1,925,015	...	...	139,820	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,547,090	...	...	322,370	...	...
3 bedrooms	4,836,485	...	...	540,505	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,670,145	...	...	519,545	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	14,072,075	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,068,915	...	...	358,650	...	...
5 rooms	2,177,045	...	...	238,870	...	...
6 rooms	1,981,585	...	...	224,335	...	...
7 rooms	1,790,180	...	...	201,560	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,054,355	...	...	504,270	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	14,072,080	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
One person or fewer per room	13,802,060	...	...	1,494,875	...	...
More than 1 person per room	270,020	...	...	32,805	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	14,072,075	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Suitable	13,376,345	...	...	1,458,550	...	...
Not suitable	695,730	...	...	69,125	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	14,072,080	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
1960 or before	3,126,380	...	...	177,780	...	...
1961 to 1980	4,185,510	...	...	439,505	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,977,640	...	...	193,360	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,746,390	...	...	216,410	...	...
2001 to 2005	976,390	...	...	157,420	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,089,750	...	...	180,645	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	970,015	...	...	162,560	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	14,072,080	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	13,151,600	...	...	1,440,440	...	...
Major repairs needed	920,480	...	...	87,240	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	14,072,080	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
1 household maintainer	8,324,865	...	...	873,125	...	...
2 household maintainers	5,404,800	...	...	605,830	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	342,415	...	...	48,725	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	14,072,080	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
15 to 24 years	437,230	...	...	53,955	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,991,685	...	...	281,820	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,414,920	...	...	307,930	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,862,870	...	...	310,435	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,859,315	...	...	288,480	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,034,220	...	...	169,505	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,084,700	...	...	86,970	...	...
85 years and over	387,135	...	...	28,585	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	13,798,305	...	...	1,479,270	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	10,472,355	...	...	1,170,780	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,325,950	...	...	308,485	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,861,615	...	...	268,795	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,368,330	...	...	1,075,465	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	60.7	...	...	65.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	16.6	...	...	15.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,130	...	...	1,481	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,313	...	...	1,531	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	341,556	...	...	400,104	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	443,058	...	...	449,790	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,452,850	...	...	410,225	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	13.0	...	...	10.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	40.0	...	...	36.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	910	...	...	1,243	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,002	...	...	1,279	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,580	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,239,575	2,667,995	2,571,585	540,665	284,020	256,640
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	7,576,400	3,686,630	3,889,770	895,885	440,665	455,220
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,230	1,769,500	878,130	891,375
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,800,260	1,906,610	893,650	309,465	242,160	67,305
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	1,549,880	880,365	669,515	94,735	56,255	38,480
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,250,385	1,026,250	224,140	214,730	185,905	28,825
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	5,553,825	2,326,940	3,226,890	615,480	250,590	364,895
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	813,335	331,940	481,395	94,620	36,875	57,750
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	6,659,615	3,070,315	3,589,300	749,930	348,510	401,425
Bachelor's degree	4,443,835	1,967,905	2,475,935	530,085	235,610	294,470
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	462,295	203,725	258,570	39,955	18,075	21,880
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	190,925	102,530	88,395	21,850	11,810	10,045
Master's degree	1,331,045	651,510	679,535	133,265	67,215	66,055
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	231,510	144,640	86,870	24,770	15,805	8,965
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	18,931,380	9,268,555	9,662,830	2,257,820	1,131,030	1,126,795
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,169,790	1,200,110	969,685	244,755	136,085	108,675
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	4,494,585	2,247,020	2,247,565	569,435	283,290	286,145
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,267,005	5,821,425	6,445,580	1,443,635	711,655	731,975
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,042,430	1,377,775	664,650	238,220	189,180	49,035
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	1,145,035	639,785	505,250	69,415	42,445	26,970
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	897,390	737,990	159,405	168,805	146,740	22,065
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	4,241,985	1,786,065	2,455,920	496,375	203,350	293,020
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	580,885	240,040	340,850	73,315	29,315	44,005
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	5,401,705	2,417,555	2,984,155	635,730	289,810	345,920
Bachelor's degree	3,590,080	1,562,160	2,027,925	448,235	197,045	251,195
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	362,455	151,205	211,250	32,095	14,155	17,940
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	153,290	74,440	78,855	18,855	9,505	9,350
Master's degree	1,120,190	527,335	592,850	116,975	57,230	59,740
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	175,685	102,415	73,275	19,570	11,875	7,695
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	12,815,980	6,354,625	6,461,350	1,436,545	724,680	711,865
Education	1,060,095	251,290	808,800	121,930	29,000	92,930
13. Education	1,060,095	251,290	808,805	121,930	29,000	92,930
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	596,230	268,050	328,180	49,660	20,960	28,705
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	99,020	72,865	26,150	9,130	6,305	2,820
50. Visual and performing arts	497,210	195,185	302,025	40,535	14,650	25,885
Humanities	850,840	330,490	520,345	69,305	27,480	41,830
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	98,000	22,100	75,900	6,790	1,620	5,170
23. English language and literature/letters	178,590	52,785	125,810	15,110	4,270	10,840
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	275,525	104,135	171,390	20,660	7,275	13,390
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	4,160	1,640	2,520	225	105	125
38. Philosophy and religious studies	51,930	30,185	21,750	4,890	2,750	2,140
39. Theology and religious vocations	77,490	46,285	31,200	11,435	6,560	4,865
54. History	111,465	59,965	51,500	8,600	4,560	4,045
55. French language and literature/letters	53,680	13,400	40,290	1,595	345	1,250
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,761,900	586,455	1,175,445	159,735	51,705	108,030
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	24,685	5,660	19,025	2,345	470	1,875
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	182,275	68,030	114,245	17,180	6,320	10,865
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	324,660	26,065	298,595	28,750	2,185	26,570
22. Legal professions and studies	289,600	102,660	186,945	29,000	9,355	19,645
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	35,445	8,150	27,295	2,190	605	1,580
42. Psychology	281,470	71,230	210,230	27,275	6,765	20,515
45. Social sciences	623,775	304,660	319,110	52,985	26,000	26,985
Business, management and public administration	3,360,045	1,272,475	2,087,565	361,530	133,045	228,485
30.16 Accounting and computer science	6,190	1,850	4,340	670	155	520
44. Public administration and social service professions	237,835	48,815	189,015	21,565	4,015	17,555
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,116,025	1,221,805	1,894,215	339,295	128,885	210,410
Physical and life sciences and technologies	614,280	315,665	298,615	72,850	38,330	34,525
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	249,955	105,560	144,400	25,850	10,955	14,895
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	125,600	61,685	63,915	15,410	7,270	8,145
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	28,155	12,625	15,530	555	170	385
40. Physical sciences	179,305	122,815	56,485	26,130	17,875	8,255
41. Science technologies/technicians	31,270	12,980	18,290	4,900	2,055	2,845
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	651,480	420,370	231,110	60,830	37,710	23,120
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	514,685	356,435	158,250	48,975	32,855	16,125
25. Library science	40,820	6,495	34,320	4,295	515	3,780
27. Mathematics and statistics	86,655	50,930	35,725	7,050	4,020	3,035
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	9,325	6,510	2,815	515	330	185
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	3,327,405	3,022,700	304,700	463,185	415,665	47,520
04. Architecture and related services	114,315	72,880	41,435	11,325	7,140	4,190
14. Engineering	752,465	615,880	136,585	110,345	89,275	21,070
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	620,065	551,855	68,205	84,800	72,145	12,655
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	410	85	325	60	10	50
46. Construction trades	702,155	682,710	19,445	100,370	96,810	3,560
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	731,135	709,430	21,705	103,880	100,100	3,785
48. Precision production	406,855	389,850	17,005	52,400	50,195	2,205
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	339,050	219,040	120,010	44,270	27,245	17,025
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	205,930	127,925	78,005	28,440	17,860	10,580
03. Natural resources and conservation	133,120	91,115	42,005	15,830	9,390	6,445
Health and related fields	2,266,720	441,180	1,825,545	270,920	51,220	219,700
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	164,295	81,260	83,040	19,300	9,110	10,195
51. Health professions and related programs	2,047,680	329,010	1,718,670	245,265	38,460	206,810
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	54,740	30,910	23,830	6,350	3,650	2,695
Personal, protective and transportation services	995,825	507,200	488,630	95,140	45,720	49,415
12. Personal and culinary services	565,555	151,530	414,025	57,285	14,985	42,305
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	3,505	3,080	420	250	230	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	7,900	7,230	670	740	655	85
43. Security and protective services	206,745	150,540	56,205	16,985	11,590	5,400
49. Transportation and materials moving	212,125	194,810	17,315	19,880	18,270	1,610
Other	3,170	885	2,280	150	60	95
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	3,170	890	2,280	145	60	95
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	18,931,385	9,268,555	9,662,825	2,257,820	1,131,025	1,126,795
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	6,664,380	3,447,130	3,217,250	814,190	419,370	394,820
Education	727,515	160,315	567,205	91,020	19,920	71,105
13. Education	727,515	160,315	567,200	91,025	19,920	71,100
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	467,905	208,365	259,545	40,255	16,670	23,585
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	74,530	53,995	20,535	7,095	4,810	2,285
50. Visual and performing arts	393,375	154,370	239,005	33,155	11,860	21,300
Humanities	614,815	232,425	382,390	55,985	21,840	34,145
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	76,540	16,200	60,340	5,690	1,310	4,380
23. English language and literature/letters	133,800	38,310	95,485	12,345	3,425	8,920
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	191,005	71,770	119,235	17,320	6,020	11,300
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	3,140	1,250	1,895	200	95	100
38. Philosophy and religious studies	37,870	21,930	15,940	3,930	2,205	1,725
39. Theology and religious vocations	52,295	31,200	21,090	8,500	4,960	3,545
54. History	82,565	43,475	39,085	6,855	3,565	3,285
55. French language and literature/letters	37,600	8,285	29,315	1,140	245	895
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,417,625	453,100	964,525	135,545	42,855	92,685
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20,300	4,595	15,705	2,025	425	1,600
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	152,080	56,125	95,955	14,880	5,360	9,520
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	259,845	19,160	240,685	23,730	1,770	21,960
22. Legal professions and studies	241,170	76,720	164,445	25,095	7,395	17,705
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	27,310	6,390	20,920	1,790	530	1,255
42. Psychology	218,470	51,570	166,900	22,460	5,290	17,170
45. Social sciences	498,450	238,540	259,915	45,565	22,095	23,465
Business, management and public administration	2,696,770	1,000,895	1,695,875	301,995	110,825	191,170
30.16 Accounting and computer science	4,955	1,480	3,475	560	135	420
44. Public administration and social service professions	192,190	36,890	155,305	18,035	3,130	14,910
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,499,625	962,530	1,537,095	283,400	107,560	175,840
Physical and life sciences and technologies	449,870	222,120	227,755	58,120	29,655	28,465
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	195,830	79,945	115,880	20,925	8,620	12,310
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	89,205	42,265	46,945	12,175	5,740	6,435
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	9,280	3,850	5,430	460	155	305
40. Physical sciences	132,935	87,025	45,905	20,785	13,645	7,140
41. Science technologies/technicians	22,625	9,035	13,590	3,775	1,500	2,270
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	567,415	368,840	198,575	53,975	33,590	20,385
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	464,000	321,805	142,190	44,735	29,980	14,750
25. Library science	29,955	4,870	25,080	3,400	440	2,965
27. Mathematics and statistics	65,620	36,895	28,725	5,420	2,915	2,500
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	7,840	5,270	2,575	420	255	165
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	2,532,555	2,271,735	260,820	376,875	335,210	41,670
04. Architecture and related services	93,135	57,280	35,850	9,335	5,630	3,710
14. Engineering	612,265	490,980	121,285	95,005	75,840	19,170
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	475,045	418,595	56,450	69,300	58,610	10,690
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	350	70	275	55	10	50
46. Construction trades	515,630	499,670	15,960	80,455	77,430	3,020
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	540,800	523,425	17,375	81,470	78,290	3,180
48. Precision production	295,335	281,715	13,620	41,255	39,405	1,850
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	269,445	167,680	101,770	35,820	21,060	14,760
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	159,975	94,680	65,295	21,990	12,970	9,025
03. Natural resources and conservation	109,470	73,000	36,470	13,825	8,090	5,740
Health and related fields	1,749,545	342,395	1,407,145	217,640	42,225	175,410
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	129,560	63,315	66,245	15,955	7,530	8,425
51. Health professions and related programs	1,576,945	256,895	1,320,050	196,250	31,775	164,475
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	43,040	22,185	20,860	5,435	2,925	2,505
Personal, protective and transportation services	770,950	392,820	378,135	76,300	37,755	38,540
12. Personal and culinary services	431,415	114,395	317,025	44,755	12,085	32,670
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	2,725	2,355	375	190	170	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	4,425	3,975	445	460	410	50
43. Security and protective services	162,995	116,750	46,240	14,100	9,595	4,505
49. Transportation and materials moving	169,400	155,340	14,050	16,795	15,490	1,305
Other	2,590	745	1,845	115	55	60
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	2,585	740	1,845	110	55	60
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,585	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,815,975	6,354,625	6,461,350	1,436,545	724,685	711,865
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,235	1,769,505	878,130	891,370
Location of study inside Canada	13,117,190	6,299,305	6,817,890	1,424,855	709,950	714,905
Same as province or territory of residence	11,519,215	5,503,640	6,015,575	1,064,560	530,135	534,430
Different than province or territory of residence	1,597,975	795,655	802,315	360,290	179,815	180,475
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	2,709,850	1,336,505	1,373,345	344,645	168,180	176,465
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	349,540	189,995	159,545	45,690	25,545	20,145
Philippines	298,830	109,820	189,020	68,760	26,480	42,280
India	281,415	142,410	138,995	41,560	21,025	20,535
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	232,035	131,050	100,980	28,630	16,255	12,370
China^{Census data footnote 162}	205,375	94,690	110,685	18,850	8,805	10,050
France	88,860	50,400	38,455	2,150	1,275	875
Other	1,253,790	618,135	635,655	139,010	68,800	70,210
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	18,931,380	9,268,555	9,662,830	2,257,820	1,131,030	1,126,795
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,664,380	3,447,125	3,217,250	814,190	419,375	394,820
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	12,267,005	5,821,430	6,445,575	1,443,630	711,655	731,980
Location of study inside Canada	10,134,590	4,807,045	5,327,545	1,150,780	572,180	578,595
Same as province or territory of residence	8,918,160	4,207,495	4,710,665	857,370	426,365	431,010
Different than province or territory of residence	1,216,425	599,545	616,875	293,410	145,820	147,590
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	2,132,415	1,014,385	1,118,030	292,850	139,470	153,380
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	254,245	131,955	122,290	34,655	18,640	16,015
Philippines	263,095	96,025	167,065	64,000	24,435	39,565
India	239,535	117,445	122,090	37,240	18,505	18,740
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	133,655	73,575	60,085	20,065	11,390	8,675
China^{Census data footnote 162}	175,825	79,635	96,190	16,600	7,630	8,965
France	72,920	40,610	32,310	1,870	1,105	765
Other	993,135	475,145	517,990	118,425	57,770	60,655
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,585	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235
In the labour force	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,645	2,302,945	1,238,280	1,064,655
Employed	17,230,040	8,923,540	8,306,490	2,096,105	1,114,360	981,745
Unemployed	1,442,435	808,285	634,150	206,835	123,925	82,910
Not in the labour force	9,970,545	4,258,605	5,711,945	903,105	364,525	538,580
Participation rate	65.2	69.6	61.0	71.8	77.3	66.4
Employment rate	60.2	63.8	56.7	65.4	69.5	61.2
Unemployment rate	7.7	8.3	7.1	9.0	10.0	7.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,580	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	9,282,005	3,930,570	5,351,440	806,150	318,845	487,310
Worked	19,361,010	10,059,865	9,301,150	2,399,895	1,283,965	1,115,930
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	9,626,010	5,402,110	4,223,895	1,193,860	698,530	495,330
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	9,735,005	4,657,755	5,077,245	1,206,035	585,430	620,595
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	42.9	42.0	42.5	43.1	41.7
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	18,672,470	9,731,825	8,940,640	2,302,940	1,238,285	1,064,660
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	404,350	197,705	206,640	40,005	18,650	21,360
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000	2,262,935	1,219,635	1,043,300
Employee	16,073,685	8,158,745	7,914,940	1,984,225	1,042,630	941,595
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	2,194,440	1,375,380	819,060	278,710	177,010	101,705
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	18,672,470	9,731,830	8,940,645	2,302,940	1,238,280	1,064,660
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	404,350	197,710	206,640	40,010	18,645	21,360
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	18,268,120	9,534,120	8,734,005	2,262,935	1,219,635	1,043,300
0 Management occupations	2,013,370	1,251,165	762,205	261,505	167,260	94,245
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,874,305	862,870	2,011,440	353,965	95,685	258,280
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,273,660	990,560	283,105	175,025	136,240	38,795
3 Health occupations	1,245,885	244,730	1,001,155	150,415	28,130	122,290
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,138,445	672,945	1,465,495	228,325	74,105	154,220
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	557,275	255,705	301,570	50,170	19,960	30,210
6 Sales and service occupations	4,265,895	1,843,510	2,422,390	491,495	204,245	287,255
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,668,875	2,504,290	164,585	406,495	376,375	30,120
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	416,135	331,920	84,215	72,465	59,465	13,000
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	814,285	576,435	237,845	73,070	58,170	14,895
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,640	2,302,940	1,238,280	1,064,660
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	404,350	197,710	206,640	40,005	18,650	21,360
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000	2,262,935	1,219,630	1,043,305
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	444,680	310,000	134,675	64,035	43,045	20,990
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	271,300	219,880	51,420	142,490	109,105	33,390
22 Utilities	136,350	100,135	36,210	21,940	15,345	6,595
23 Construction	1,365,010	1,196,550	168,455	236,370	201,640	34,730
31-33 Manufacturing	1,596,570	1,149,745	446,820	127,535	96,045	31,490
41 Wholesale trade	665,685	451,230	214,455	80,610	56,840	23,775
44-45 Retail trade	2,110,200	984,090	1,126,115	249,880	115,065	134,810
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	876,050	656,375	219,670	115,295	83,675	31,620
51 Information and cultural industries	420,350	243,650	176,705	33,045	18,625	14,420
52 Finance and insurance	790,580	327,865	462,715	69,225	25,230	43,995
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	333,305	184,350	148,955	41,520	23,075	18,450
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,335,125	740,520	594,605	167,800	94,565	73,240
55 Management of companies and enterprises	28,795	12,795	16,000	5,560	2,760	2,795
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	802,420	462,825	339,590	87,350	49,595	37,760
61 Educational services	1,346,585	420,845	925,735	147,270	44,160	103,110
62 Health care and social assistance	2,138,025	383,755	1,754,270	245,875	41,235	204,645
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	379,740	192,875	186,865	44,880	21,550	23,335
72 Accommodation and food services	1,283,725	535,210	748,515	153,790	62,220	91,570
81 Other services (except public administration)	814,695	371,880	442,815	105,865	50,455	55,405
91 Public administration	1,128,945	589,530	539,405	122,595	65,420	57,175
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	17,230,035	8,923,540	8,306,495	2,096,110	1,114,360	981,745
Worked at home	1,272,285	639,500	632,785	162,465	77,935	84,530
Worked outside Canada	78,815	54,235	24,580	6,270	4,715	1,555
No fixed workplace address	1,987,260	1,487,445	499,820	307,065	236,995	70,070
Worked at usual place	13,891,675	6,742,360	7,149,315	1,620,310	794,720	825,595
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	13,891,680	6,742,365	7,149,315	1,620,310	794,720	825,595
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,102,115	3,723,115	4,379,005	1,186,170	554,850	631,330
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,906,390	1,435,640	1,470,750	358,010	190,730	167,280
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,725,205	1,492,170	1,233,030	64,360	41,925	22,435
Commute to a different province or territory	157,970	91,445	66,525	11,770	7,210	4,560
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	15,878,940	8,229,810	7,649,135	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665
Car, truck, van - as a driver	11,748,095	6,380,120	5,367,975	1,497,440	832,890	664,545
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	868,920	349,855	519,065	99,635	40,215	59,420
Public transit	1,968,215	846,735	1,121,485	194,560	88,325	106,235
Walked	877,985	392,950	485,030	85,805	38,030	47,775
Bicycle	222,130	146,615	75,515	21,925	14,685	7,240
Other method	193,595	113,525	80,060	28,015	17,560	10,455
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	15,878,945	8,229,810	7,649,130	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665
Less than 15 minutes	4,449,920	2,071,365	2,378,555	519,085	237,105	281,980
15 to 29 minutes	5,314,295	2,725,165	2,589,130	706,940	377,165	329,780
30 to 44 minutes	3,228,845	1,782,680	1,446,165	422,070	243,905	178,165
45 to 59 minutes	1,391,060	768,115	622,940	148,620	86,485	62,135
60 minutes and over	1,494,830	882,485	612,345	130,665	87,060	43,605
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	15,878,940	8,229,810	7,649,135	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,073,680	781,230	292,455	145,660	107,460	38,200
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,814,750	1,754,045	1,060,710	395,425	254,225	141,200
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	4,458,835	2,217,210	2,241,620	567,530	297,825	269,705
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,349,975	1,408,710	1,941,265	347,270	147,425	199,845
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,756,265	752,940	1,003,325	188,660	77,175	111,490
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,425,435	1,315,670	1,109,765	282,820	147,600	135,225
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	19,956,255	10,342,970	9,613,285	2,467,410	1,314,320	1,153,090
Single responses	19,365,980	10,042,855	9,323,130	2,446,600	1,304,240	1,142,360
Official languages	19,090,545	9,897,470	9,193,075	2,425,545	1,292,940	1,132,610
English	15,265,335	7,952,010	7,313,320	2,418,990	1,290,870	1,128,120
French	3,825,215	1,945,465	1,879,750	6,560	2,070	4,490
Non-official languages	275,430	145,380	130,055	21,055	11,305	9,750
Aboriginal languages	24,950	12,385	12,565	1,000	550	450
Algonquian languages	14,440	7,370	7,070	670	355	315
Blackfoot	80	45	35	75	50	30
Cree-Montagnais languages	11,540	5,820	5,720	565	295	270
Atikamekw	1,095	580	515	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	2,055	970	1,085	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	370	180	190	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	40	25	10	0	0	0
Plains Cree	95	60	35	10	10	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	15	10	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	75	35	40	30	10	20
Cree, n.o.s.	7,795	3,965	3,835	535	280	255
Eastern Algonquian languages	925	510	420	0	0	0
Malecite	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	915	505	410	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,895	995	900	20	15	10
Algonquin	45	20	25	0	0	0
Ojibway	765	380	385	25	15	10
Oji-Cree	1,080	595	485	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	1,140	530	610	75	45	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	1,135	525	610	75	40	35
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	20	0	15	0	0	0
Chilcotin	20	0	10	0	0	0
Dene	770	360	405	60	35	25
Dogrib (Tlicho)	165	80	80	0	0	0
Gwich'in	10	10	10	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	10	0	0	10	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	135	65	70	15	10	10
North Slavey (Hare)	95	45	45	0	0	0
South Slavey	35	20	20	10	10	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages	8,845	4,255	4,595	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	35	10	25	0	0	0
Inuktitut	8,800	4,240	4,555	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	35	10	30	0	0	0
Cayuga	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	35	10	25	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	110	25	85	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	15	10	10	0	0	0
Lillooet	15	10	10	0	0	0
Okanagan	20	10	20	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	35	0	30	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	15	0	15	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	260	155	105	255	155	105
Dakota	20	10	10	15	10	10
Stoney	240	145	95	240	140	95
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	10	10	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	25	0	20	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Nisga'a	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	35	15	20	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	250,485	132,990	117,490	20,050	10,755	9,300
Afro-Asiatic languages	7,380	4,530	2,850	940	575	360
Berber languages	35	10	30	0	0	0
Kabyle	20	0	20	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	15	10	15	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	275	105	170	100	45	55
Bilen	10	10	10	10	0	10
Oromo	45	25	20	25	15	15
Somali	220	80	145	60	25	35
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	7,065	4,420	2,650	840	530	305
Amharic	200	95	100	85	50	35
Arabic	5,585	3,695	1,890	610	415	195
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	205	155	55	10	10	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	30	20	15	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	825	335	490	50	15	35
Maltese	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	135	70	60	40	15	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	65	35	30	50	25	25
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	8,550	3,790	4,760	1,305	515	790
Khmer (Cambodian)	475	230	245	15	10	0
Vietnamese	8,070	3,560	4,510	1,290	505	780
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	3,850	1,750	2,095	850	420	430
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	75	20	55	15	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	25	0	15	10	0	10
Ilocano	110	50	60	30	10	20
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	140	75	65	10	10	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,450	1,580	1,875	785	405	380
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	10	0	10
Creole languages	350	125	225	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	25	10	15	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	315	110	200	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	2,225	1,060	1,165	55	25	35
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	90	50	45	15	10	0
Tamil	2,090	1,005	1,080	35	15	15
Telugu	45	10	35	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	85,550	47,305	38,245	8,280	4,855	3,425
Albanian	350	220	125	30	20	10
Armenian	450	220	230	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10,075	4,745	5,330	690	335	355
Baltic languages	95	35	60	0	0	0
Latvian	40	10	25	0	0	0
Lithuanian	60	25	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages	9,980	4,710	5,270	695	335	360
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	155	90	65	15	15	0
Bulgarian	205	110	90	10	0	10
Croatian	220	130	95	15	10	15
Czech	70	40	30	0	0	0
Macedonian	95	45	55	10	10	0
Polish	2,500	1,265	1,235	220	135	85
Russian	4,850	2,135	2,720	275	120	160
Serbian	530	320	210	25	0	20
Serbo-Croatian	30	25	0	0	0	0
Slovak	100	60	40	25	0	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0	10	0	0	0
Ukrainian	1,210	485	725	100	40	55
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	25	20	10	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	15	15	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	0	0	0
Germanic languages	13,285	7,455	5,835	2,535	1,700	840
Afrikaans	85	40	40	30	10	20
Danish	90	50	35	10	0	10
Dutch	1,165	630	540	145	80	65
Frisian	40	25	15	0	0	0
German	10,065	5,715	4,345	2,160	1,455	700
Icelandic	0	10	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	65	30	40	10	0	10
Swedish	125	55	70	15	10	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	35	20	15	0	0	10
Yiddish	895	390	505	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	720	495	225	165	135	30
Greek	1,020	545	475	20	15	0
Indo-Iranian languages	37,330	21,140	16,190	3,215	1,870	1,350
Indo-Aryan languages	32,485	18,125	14,360	3,010	1,735	1,275
Bengali	530	275	245	25	10	15
Gujarati	880	300	585	75	15	60
Hindi	1,405	755	650	210	110	100
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	10	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	30	15	15	0	0	0
Nepali	195	95	100	40	20	15
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	27,870	15,945	11,920	2,480	1,510	970
Sindhi	35	10	30	10	0	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	25	20	10	10	0
Urdu	1,495	705	790	155	50	100
Iranian languages	4,820	3,000	1,815	200	130	70
Kurdish	185	150	40	15	10	0
Pashto	50	20	25	15	15	0
Persian (Farsi)	4,580	2,830	1,750	175	105	70
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	23,025	12,965	10,060	1,780	920	860
Catalan	30	10	20	0	0	0
Italian	1,705	895	805	30	10	15
Portuguese	7,490	4,795	2,695	140	70	70
Romanian	745	365	380	50	30	20
Spanish	13,030	6,885	6,145	1,560	800	760
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	3,255	1,195	2,065	195	75	125
Kartvelian languages	30	10	20	0	0	0
Georgian	30	10	20	0	0	0
Korean	12,150	6,260	5,885	785	350	435
Mongolic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	235	120	115	35	10	30
Akan (Twi)	25	10	20	0	0	0
Bamanankan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	20	10	10	0	0	0
Igbo	10	10	0	0	0	0
Lingala	10	0	10	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	0	15	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	80	50	30	30	10	25
Wolof	10	0	10	0	0	0
Yoruba	15	0	15	0	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	20	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	1,920	740	1,180	230	120	115
American Sign Language	1,145	340	810	125	40	85
Quebec Sign Language	135	15	115	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	640	390	255	105	80	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	122,880	65,030	57,850	7,080	3,665	3,420
Chinese languages	122,610	64,880	57,730	7,035	3,635	3,400
Cantonese	58,815	30,485	28,340	4,545	2,340	2,205
Hakka	70	25	45	15	0	10
Mandarin	60,090	32,430	27,665	2,170	1,125	1,045
Min Dong	25	15	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	565	335	225	30	10	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	105	65	45	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	2,930	1,530	1,405	275	155	125
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	270	155	115	45	30	20
Burmese	75	35	35	10	10	10
Karenic languages	135	75	55	25	15	10
Tibetan	50	30	20	0	0	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	675	270	405	125	60	65
Lao	150	70	80	0	0	0
Thai	525	205	325	130	60	65
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	750	475	275	80	35	45
Azerbaijani	30	20	0	0	0	0
Turkish	685	435	255	65	30	30
Uyghur	15	15	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	15	10	0	10	0	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Uralic languages	595	270	325	70	45	25
Estonian	50	15	40	0	0	0
Finnish	105	40	65	10	10	0
Hungarian	435	225	215	65	40	25
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	80	45	35	10	10	0
Multiple responses	590,270	300,115	290,155	20,810	10,080	10,735
English and French	412,680	211,095	201,585	4,525	2,050	2,475
English and non-official language	154,285	77,870	76,420	15,935	7,860	8,075
French and non-official language	7,830	3,595	4,235	55	25	30
English, French and non-official language	15,475	7,565	7,915	295	140	155
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	19,956,250	10,342,970	9,613,290	2,467,410	1,314,320	1,153,095
None	17,456,725	9,056,235	8,400,490	2,370,575	1,264,955	1,105,620
English	1,259,225	661,460	597,765	13,805	6,540	7,270
French	705,780	349,035	356,745	23,920	11,380	12,545
Non-official language	496,565	257,455	239,105	57,640	30,700	26,935
Aboriginal	37,615	17,215	20,400	5,045	2,370	2,680
Non-Aboriginal	458,945	240,245	218,710	52,590	28,335	24,260
English and French	2,535	1,200	1,335	30	15	15
English and non-official language	18,040	8,765	9,280	215	105	110
French and non-official language	17,265	8,730	8,540	1,220	625	595
English, French and non-official language	115	90	30	0	10	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	34,091,785	16,783,745	17,308,035	3,925,440	1,971,515	1,953,920
Non-movers	29,644,795	14,593,190	15,051,605	3,318,340	1,667,060	1,651,280
Movers	4,446,990	2,190,555	2,256,435	607,095	304,450	302,640
Non-migrants	2,623,515	1,292,750	1,330,760	394,230	199,640	194,590
Migrants	1,823,475	897,805	925,670	212,865	104,815	108,050
Internal migrants	1,451,005	713,060	737,945	166,390	82,335	84,055
Intraprovincial migrants	1,189,525	580,895	608,630	120,105	59,845	60,260
Interprovincial migrants	261,475	132,160	129,315	46,280	22,490	23,795
External migrants	372,475	184,745	187,730	46,475	22,480	23,995
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	32,568,560	16,004,315	16,564,245	3,714,635	1,863,450	1,851,190
Non-movers	20,134,760	9,902,645	10,232,115	2,052,580	1,028,510	1,024,070
Movers	12,433,805	6,101,675	6,332,130	1,662,055	834,935	827,120
Non-migrants	6,755,630	3,314,730	3,440,905	899,165	454,700	444,465
Migrants	5,678,175	2,786,945	2,891,230	762,890	380,235	382,655
Internal migrants	4,296,720	2,104,325	2,192,395	559,860	280,255	279,610
Intraprovincial migrants	3,467,670	1,689,950	1,777,720	333,775	165,900	167,875
Interprovincial migrants	829,045	414,375	414,670	226,090	114,355	111,730
External migrants	1,381,460	682,625	698,835	203,025	99,980	103,045

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 40 referrer

Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 41 referrer

Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 44 referrer

Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 45 referrer

Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Return to footnote 46 referrer

Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Return to footnote 47 referrer

Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 48 referrer

Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Return to footnote 49 referrer

Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 50 referrer

Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 51 referrer

Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Return to footnote 52 referrer

Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 53 referrer

Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 54 referrer

Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Return to footnote 55 referrer

Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Return to footnote 56 referrer

Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Return to footnote 57 referrer

Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Return to footnote 58 referrer

Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Return to footnote 59 referrer

Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Return to footnote 60 referrer

Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Return to footnote 61 referrer

Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Return to footnote 62 referrer

Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Return to footnote 63 referrer

Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Return to footnote 64 referrer

Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Return to footnote 65 referrer

Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Return to footnote 66 referrer

Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Return to footnote 67 referrer

Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 68 referrer

Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Return to footnote 69 referrer

Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Return to footnote 70 referrer

Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Return to footnote 71 referrer

Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 72 referrer

Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Return to footnote 73 referrer

Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Return to footnote 74 referrer

Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Return to footnote 75 referrer

Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Return to footnote 76 referrer

Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Return to footnote 77 referrer

Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Return to footnote 78 referrer

Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 79 referrer

Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Return to footnote 80 referrer

Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Return to footnote 81 referrer

Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 82 referrer

Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Return to footnote 83 referrer

Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Return to footnote 84 referrer

Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 85 referrer

Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Return to footnote 86 referrer

Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 87 referrer

Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 88 referrer

Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 89 referrer

Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 90 referrer

Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 91 referrer

Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 92 referrer

Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 93 referrer

Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Return to footnote 94 referrer

Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 95 referrer

Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Return to footnote 96 referrer

Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Return to footnote 97 referrer

Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Return to footnote 98 referrer

Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Return to footnote 99 referrer

Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Return to footnote 100 referrer

Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Return to footnote 101 referrer

Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Return to footnote 102 referrer

Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 103 referrer

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Return to footnote 104 referrer

Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Return to footnote 105 referrer

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Return to footnote 106 referrer

Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Return to footnote 107 referrer

Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 108 referrer

Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Return to footnote 109 referrer

Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 110 referrer

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Return to footnote 111 referrer

Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 112 referrer

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Return to footnote 113 referrer

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 114 referrer

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Return to footnote 115 referrer

Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Return to footnote 116 referrer

Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Return to footnote 117 referrer

Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Return to footnote 118 referrer

Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 119 referrer

Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Return to footnote 120 referrer

Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 121 referrer

Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Return to footnote 122 referrer

Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 123 referrer

Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Return to footnote 124 referrer

Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Return to footnote 125 referrer

Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Return to footnote 126 referrer

Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Return to footnote 127 referrer

Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 128 referrer

Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Return to footnote 129 referrer

Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

Return to footnote 130 referrer

Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

Return to footnote 131 referrer

Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

Return to footnote 132 referrer

Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

Return to footnote 133 referrer

Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

Return to footnote 134 referrer

Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

Return to footnote 135 referrer

Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

Return to footnote 136 referrer

Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 137 referrer

Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

Return to footnote 138 referrer

Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

Return to footnote 139 referrer

Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

Return to footnote 140 referrer

Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

Return to footnote 141 referrer

Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

Return to footnote 142 referrer

Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

Return to footnote 143 referrer

Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

Return to footnote 144 referrer

Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

Return to footnote 145 referrer

Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Return to footnote 146 referrer

Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Return to footnote 147 referrer

Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Return to footnote 148 referrer

Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Return to footnote 149 referrer

Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Return to footnote 150 referrer

Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Return to footnote 151 referrer

Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Return to footnote 152 referrer

Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Return to footnote 153 referrer

Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Return to footnote 154 referrer

Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Return to footnote 155 referrer

Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Return to footnote 156 referrer

Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Return to footnote 157 referrer

Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Return to footnote 158 referrer

Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Return to footnote 159 referrer

Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Return to footnote 160 referrer

Footnote 161

Return to footnote 161 referrer

Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Return to footnote 162 referrer

Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Return to footnote 163 referrer

Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Return to footnote 164 referrer

Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Return to footnote 165 referrer

Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Return to footnote 166 referrer

Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Return to footnote 167 referrer

Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

Return to footnote 168 referrer

Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

Return to footnote 169 referrer

Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

Return to footnote 170 referrer

Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Return to footnote 171 referrer

Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Return to footnote 172 referrer

Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

Return to footnote 173 referrer

Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Return to footnote 174 referrer

Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Return to footnote 175 referrer

Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Return to footnote 176 referrer

Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Return to footnote 177 referrer

Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

Return to footnote 178 referrer

Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 179 referrer

Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 180 referrer

Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Canada [Country] and Alberta [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 19, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Canada [Country] and Alberta [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Canada [Country] and Alberta [Province]

Source

How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Canada [Country] and Alberta [Province]