Census Profile, 2016 Census
Ontario [Province] and Nunavut [Territory]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Ontario [Province]			Nunavut [Territory]
	Data quality , Ontario [Province] Map : Ontario [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : Nunavut [Territory] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	13,448,494	...	...	35,944	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	12,851,821	...	...	31,906	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	4.6	...	...	12.7	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	5,598,391	...	...	11,433	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	5,169,174	...	...	9,819	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	14.8	...	...	0.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	908,699.33	...	...	1,877,778.53	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	13,448,495	6,559,390	6,889,105	35,945	18,390	17,550
0 to 14 years	2,207,970	1,131,615	1,076,350	11,685	5,975	5,710
0 to 4 years	697,360	357,300	340,055	4,155	2,130	2,025
5 to 9 years	756,085	387,320	368,765	4,120	2,130	1,985
10 to 14 years	754,530	387,000	367,530	3,415	1,720	1,700
15 to 64 years	8,988,865	4,412,115	4,576,750	22,895	11,710	11,190
15 to 19 years	811,670	416,730	394,945	3,140	1,600	1,535
20 to 24 years	894,390	457,815	436,570	3,045	1,535	1,510
25 to 29 years	874,350	436,345	438,010	3,185	1,610	1,580
30 to 34 years	864,765	420,800	443,965	2,815	1,390	1,425
35 to 39 years	842,485	402,900	439,585	2,385	1,210	1,180
40 to 44 years	871,875	418,465	453,415	2,030	1,065	965
45 to 49 years	937,385	453,105	484,275	2,065	1,055	1,005
50 to 54 years	1,056,345	517,170	539,175	1,840	955	890
55 to 59 years	989,460	482,280	507,180	1,405	750	655
60 to 64 years	846,145	406,505	439,640	975	535	440
65 years and over	2,251,655	1,015,655	1,236,000	1,360	710	655
65 to 69 years	737,745	352,475	385,270	655	340	310
70 to 74 years	528,645	250,455	278,185	345	180	165
75 to 79 years	393,010	179,810	213,195	205	110	100
80 to 84 years	291,185	126,825	164,360	105	50	50
85 years and over	301,075	106,090	194,985	55	25	25
85 to 89 years	188,470	73,045	115,425	40	20	25
90 to 94 years	88,390	27,400	60,990	10	5	5
95 to 99 years	21,210	5,150	16,060	5	5	5
100 years and over	3,005	495	2,520	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.4	17.3	15.6	32.5	32.5	32.5
15 to 64 years	66.8	67.3	66.4	63.7	63.7	63.8
65 years and over	16.7	15.5	17.9	3.8	3.9	3.7
85 years and over	2.2	1.6	2.8	0.2	0.1	0.1
Average age of the population	41.0	40.0	41.9	27.7	27.8	27.5
Median age of the population	41.3	40.2	42.4	25.1	25.2	25.1
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	5,169,175	...	...	9,820	...	...
Single-detached house	2,807,380	...	...	4,355	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	886,705	...	...	110	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	1,460,200	...	...	5,335	...	...
Semi-detached house	289,975	...	...	875	...	...
Row house	460,425	...	...	2,960	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	176,080	...	...	175	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	522,810	...	...	1,300	...	...
Other single-attached house	10,910	...	...	15	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	14,890	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	5,169,170	...	...	9,820	...	...
1 person	1,341,300	...	...	1,855	...	...
2 persons	1,693,525	...	...	1,890	...	...
3 persons	834,260	...	...	1,495	...	...
4 persons	796,320	...	...	1,545	...	...
5 or more persons	503,775	...	...	3,030	...	...
Number of persons in private households	13,242,160	...	...	35,580	...	...
Average household size	2.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	11,240,525	5,427,775	5,812,750	24,260	12,415	11,840
Married or living common law	6,438,085	3,219,290	3,218,795	12,895	6,480	6,420
Married	5,531,930	2,764,275	2,767,655	6,625	3,350	3,280
Living common law	906,155	455,015	451,145	6,270	3,130	3,140
Not married and not living common law	4,802,440	2,208,485	2,593,955	11,360	5,935	5,425
Never married	3,182,785	1,689,180	1,493,605	9,790	5,345	4,450
Separated	328,675	138,140	190,535	405	185	215
Divorced	653,835	252,900	400,935	440	190	255
Widowed	637,150	128,265	508,880	720	220	505
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	3,782,540	...	...	8,780	...	...
2 persons	1,815,000	...	...	2,825	...	...
3 persons	844,545	...	...	2,145	...	...
4 persons	792,435	...	...	1,690	...	...
5 or more persons	330,560	...	...	2,115	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	3,782,545	...	...	8,780	...	...
Total couple families	3,137,570	...	...	6,225	...	...
Married couples	2,684,735	...	...	3,095	...	...
Common-law couples	452,840	...	...	3,135	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	644,975	...	...	2,550	...	...
Female parent	518,480	...	...	1,820	...	...
Male parent	126,495	...	...	735	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	3,137,565	...	...	6,230	...	...
Couples without children	1,428,575	...	...	1,465	...	...
Couples with children	1,708,995	...	...	4,760	...	...
1 child	658,305	...	...	1,440	...	...
2 children	738,710	...	...	1,400	...	...
3 or more children	311,975	...	...	1,920	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	644,975	...	...	2,555	...	...
1 child	386,425	...	...	1,360	...	...
2 children	186,240	...	...	700	...	...
3 or more children	72,310	...	...	485	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,139,825	990,525	1,149,300	4,475	2,555	1,915
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	5,169,175	...	...	9,820	...	...
One-census-family households	3,481,885	...	...	6,355	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	1,311,575	...	...	1,065	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	2,170,315	...	...	5,290	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	145,615	...	...	1,140	...	...
Non-census-family households	1,541,665	...	...	2,320	...	...
One-person households	1,341,305	...	...	1,855	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	200,365	...	...	470	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990	35,690	18,200	17,490
English only	11,455,500	5,689,830	5,765,665	32,065	16,345	15,715
French only	40,040	17,340	22,705	60	35	20
English and French	1,490,390	665,850	824,540	1,525	795	725
Neither English nor French	326,935	130,850	196,085	2,045	1,025	1,025
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	13,312,865	6,503,880	6,808,995	35,690	18,200	17,490
English	12,394,325	6,095,970	6,298,355	32,990	16,795	16,195
French	504,130	236,875	267,250	580	340	240
English and French	92,940	42,910	50,030	90	50	40
Neither English nor French	321,480	128,125	193,355	2,025	1,015	1,015
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	550,600	258,330	292,270	625	365	260
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	4.1	4.0	4.3	1.8	2.0	1.5
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	13,312,870	6,503,875	6,808,990	35,695	18,200	17,490
Single responses	12,946,960	6,327,630	6,619,330	34,960	17,830	17,130
Official languages	9,393,040	4,637,520	4,755,520	11,615	6,085	5,530
English	8,902,320	4,406,210	4,496,110	11,020	5,740	5,280
French	490,715	231,310	259,410	595	350	240
Non-official languages	3,553,920	1,690,110	1,863,810	23,345	11,740	11,605
Aboriginal languages	22,765	10,815	11,950	22,610	11,360	11,250
Algonquian languages	21,235	10,175	11,060	15	5	10
Blackfoot	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	5,080	2,485	2,595	0	0	0
Atikamekw	5	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Moose Cree	85	40	45	0	0	0
Naskapi	10	5	5	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	55	25	30	0	0	0
Plains Cree	35	5	30	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	355	135	225	0	0	0
Woods Cree	15	10	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	4,500	2,255	2,245	5	0	5
Eastern Algonquian languages	90	40	50	5	5	0
Malecite	10	5	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	85	35	50	5	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	16,025	7,620	8,400	0	0	0
Algonquin	65	30	35	0	0	0
Ojibway	9,505	4,515	4,985	5	0	0
Oji-Cree	6,310	3,015	3,300	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	145	65	80	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	60	20	40	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	55	20	35	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	5	0	5	0	0	0
Chilcotin	5	0	5	0	0	0
Dene	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	5	5	5	0	0	5
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	10	0	5	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Haida	0	5	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	475	165	305	22,600	11,355	11,245
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	5	5	495	220	275
Inuktitut	425	145	280	22,070	11,125	10,945
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	30	10	20
Iroquoian languages	710	300	410	0	0	0
Cayuga	40	20	20	0	0	0
Mohawk	590	255	335	0	0	0
Oneida	55	15	40	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	20	5	15	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	25	15	15	0	0	0
Salish languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dakota	5	5	5	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Nisga'a	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	235	130	105	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,531,160	1,679,300	1,851,865	735	380	350
Afro-Asiatic languages	253,830	127,720	126,110	75	60	20
Berber languages	725	405	320	0	0	0
Kabyle	425	225	200	5	5	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	305	180	120	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	24,605	10,730	13,870	10	10	0
Bilen	250	140	110	0	0	0
Oromo	1,445	720	730	5	5	0
Somali	22,680	9,755	12,925	10	5	5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	225	115	110	0	0	0
Semitic languages	227,985	116,320	111,665	60	45	15
Amharic	10,720	4,960	5,760	20	10	5
Arabic	171,370	88,400	82,965	40	30	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	14,555	7,135	7,420	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	4,795	2,365	2,425	0	0	0
Harari	1,030	485	545	0	0	0
Hebrew	11,575	6,220	5,350	0	0	0
Maltese	5,175	2,575	2,600	0	0	0
Tigrigna	7,345	3,470	3,870	5	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	1,435	705	730	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	520	265	250	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	78,125	35,880	42,240	5	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	7,355	3,330	4,020	0	5	0
Vietnamese	70,690	32,520	38,165	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	85	30	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	194,380	76,060	118,315	175	65	105
Bikol	595	260	330	0	0	0
Cebuano	6,545	2,500	4,045	5	5	5
Fijian	80	45	40	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	2,750	1,030	1,725	5	5	5
Ilocano	11,285	4,430	6,860	20	5	10
Malagasy	100	45	55	0	0	0
Malay	5,760	2,520	3,240	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,505	670	840	0	0	0
Pangasinan	535	215	315	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	163,415	63,665	99,755	135	50	80
Waray-Waray	405	140	270	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,400	550	850	0	0	0
Creole languages	11,255	5,095	6,165	0	0	5
Haitian Creole	630	290	340	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	8,025	3,580	4,440	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	2,605	1,225	1,380	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	148,605	73,530	75,075	20	10	10
Kannada	2,670	1,365	1,305	0	0	0
Malayalam	17,140	8,795	8,350	5	0	0
Tamil	117,630	57,310	60,320	15	10	5
Telugu	10,820	5,895	4,925	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	340	165	175	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	525	250	270	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,024,365	980,200	1,044,165	270	145	120
Albanian	19,045	9,535	9,510	0	0	0
Armenian	15,070	7,305	7,765	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	410,725	188,695	222,025	40	30	15
Baltic languages	9,080	3,785	5,295	0	0	0
Latvian	3,910	1,650	2,260	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5,175	2,135	3,035	0	0	0
Slavic languages	401,645	184,915	216,730	45	30	15
Belarusan	515	230	280	0	0	0
Bosnian	6,370	3,125	3,245	0	0	0
Bulgarian	9,095	4,355	4,740	0	5	0
Croatian	31,875	15,460	16,410	0	0	0
Czech	10,670	4,930	5,740	5	0	0
Macedonian	15,635	7,470	8,165	0	0	0
Polish	121,075	54,675	66,405	15	15	0
Russian	101,100	45,630	55,470	10	5	5
Serbian	41,740	20,585	21,150	5	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	4,875	2,310	2,570	0	0	0
Slovak	10,280	4,710	5,565	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	6,740	2,995	3,745	0	0	0
Ukrainian	40,375	17,760	22,610	5	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	1,310	670	635	0	0	0
Celtic languages	1,110	505	605	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	450	210	240	0	0	0
Welsh	435	180	260	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	225	120	110	0	0	0
Germanic languages	200,640	94,475	106,165	70	40	30
Afrikaans	2,295	1,125	1,170	0	0	0
Danish	4,265	2,010	2,250	5	5	0
Dutch	51,720	24,875	26,840	15	5	5
Frisian	1,240	630	620	0	0	0
German	131,525	61,520	70,005	35	20	15
Icelandic	210	100	110	0	0	0
Norwegian	940	405	540	10	5	5
Swedish	2,395	1,040	1,350	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	2,150	925	1,225	0	0	0
Yiddish	3,735	1,765	1,970	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	170	80	85	5	0	0
Greek	55,415	27,305	28,110	5	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	707,845	357,350	350,495	85	45	45
Indo-Aryan languages	565,600	285,720	279,875	80	40	35
Bengali	46,810	23,615	23,195	25	15	15
Gujarati	76,675	38,740	37,940	5	0	0
Hindi	58,735	29,805	28,930	5	5	5
Kashmiri	345	170	175	0	0	0
Konkani	2,510	1,195	1,315	0	0	0
Marathi	5,490	2,805	2,685	0	0	5
Nepali	7,870	3,915	3,960	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	715	380	335	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	197,060	100,160	96,895	5	5	0
Sindhi	6,840	3,225	3,615	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10,165	4,925	5,235	0	0	5
Urdu	152,385	76,795	75,595	25	15	15
Iranian languages	139,675	70,270	69,405	10	5	5
Kurdish	6,665	3,615	3,050	0	5	0
Pashto	10,950	5,630	5,315	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	122,070	61,025	61,040	10	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	2,565	1,350	1,215	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	614,525	295,030	319,490	60	30	30
Catalan	285	150	135	0	0	0
Italian	231,040	112,440	118,600	5	5	5
Portuguese	150,000	72,280	77,715	5	5	0
Romanian	41,755	19,565	22,190	10	0	5
Spanish	191,025	90,390	100,630	45	20	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	420	200	215	0	0	0
Japanese	13,260	4,590	8,670	0	0	5
Kartvelian languages	1,200	635	565	0	0	0
Georgian	1,200	635	565	0	0	0
Korean	69,775	32,035	37,740	10	0	5
Mongolic languages	405	180	220	0	0	0
Mongolian	405	180	225	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	35,760	16,705	19,050	75	50	30
Akan (Twi)	9,695	4,510	5,190	5	5	0
Bamanankan	140	60	80	0	0	0
Edo	1,140	475	670	0	0	0
Ewe	560	270	295	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	365	180	185	0	0	0
Ga	600	275	325	0	0	0
Ganda	760	360	400	0	0	0
Igbo	2,090	1,080	1,010	5	0	0
Lingala	850	365	485	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	1,430	640	785	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,330	545	785	0	0	0
Shona	1,455	660	790	15	10	5
Swahili	5,525	2,540	2,985	5	0	0
Wolof	290	145	150	0	0	0
Yoruba	4,365	2,260	2,105	10	5	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5,155	2,345	2,810	30	15	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	1,610	810	800	0	0	0
Dinka	345	170	175	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	1,260	635	625	0	0	0
Sign languages	3,030	1,570	1,455	20	10	10
American Sign Language	1,305	640	670	5	0	5
Quebec Sign Language	20	10	15	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	1,700	925	780	10	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	611,795	284,865	326,935	50	20	30
Chinese languages	602,610	280,340	322,270	50	20	30
Cantonese	275,315	128,090	147,220	15	5	10
Hakka	6,985	3,140	3,840	0	0	0
Mandarin	283,735	132,275	151,460	10	5	5
Min Dong	855	405	450	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	13,545	6,240	7,300	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	6,300	2,825	3,470	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	15,645	7,235	8,410	20	10	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	240	120	120	5	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	9,185	4,520	4,660	5	0	0
Burmese	1,640	775	865	0	0	0
Karenic languages	1,730	865	860	0	0	0
Tibetan	5,115	2,530	2,585	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	700	345	350	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	8,485	3,535	4,945	0	0	5
Lao	5,190	2,480	2,710	0	0	0
Thai	3,270	1,045	2,220	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	25	10	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages	22,615	11,745	10,870	5	0	5
Azerbaijani	1,990	1,070	920	0	0	0
Turkish	18,415	9,610	8,810	5	0	0
Uyghur	515	255	260	0	0	0
Uzbek	1,055	515	545	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	640	295	345	0	0	0
Uralic languages	50,670	23,095	27,570	20	10	5
Estonian	4,205	1,810	2,400	0	0	0
Finnish	9,720	4,140	5,580	5	5	5
Hungarian	36,740	17,150	19,590	10	5	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	1,475	780	690	5	0	5
Multiple responses	365,910	176,250	189,660	735	370	365
English and French	54,045	25,165	28,880	25	10	15
English and non-official language	288,285	140,345	147,940	685	355	335
French and non-official language	12,565	5,735	6,830	10	5	10
English, French and non-official language	11,010	5,000	6,005	10	5	5
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990	35,695	18,200	17,490
Single responses	12,522,045	6,123,955	6,398,085	35,085	17,895	17,185
Official languages	10,605,725	5,214,425	5,391,300	17,030	8,660	8,370
English	10,328,680	5,084,885	5,243,800	16,685	8,470	8,215
French	277,045	129,540	147,500	345	190	155
Non-official languages	1,916,315	909,530	1,006,780	18,055	9,240	8,815
Aboriginal languages	9,210	4,600	4,610	17,735	9,070	8,665
Algonquian languages	8,685	4,370	4,320	5	5	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	2,370	1,205	1,165	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Moose Cree	10	10	5	0	0	0
Naskapi	10	5	5	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	20	10	15	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	105	50	55	0	0	0
Woods Cree	5	5	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	2,220	1,135	1,085	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	5	5	5	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	6,305	3,155	3,145	5	5	0
Algonquin	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	3,315	1,695	1,620	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	2,905	1,420	1,490	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	75	40	35	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	5	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	5	0	5	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Gwich'in	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	160	60	90	17,735	9,070	8,665
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	5	110	45	60
Inuktitut	140	60	80	17,600	9,015	8,590
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	20	10	15
Iroquoian languages	210	90	120	0	0	0
Cayuga	5	5	5	0	0	0
Mohawk	185	80	100	0	0	0
Oneida	20	5	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	5	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Dakota	5	5	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	120	55	65	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,907,105	904,930	1,002,170	320	165	150
Afro-Asiatic languages	138,460	66,865	71,590	30	20	15
Berber languages	345	175	170	0	0	0
Kabyle	255	125	130	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	90	50	45	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	14,460	6,100	8,360	5	5	0
Bilen	170	80	85	0	0	0
Oromo	805	380	425	0	5	0
Somali	13,370	5,590	7,780	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	110	50	65	0	0	0
Semitic languages	123,410	60,475	62,940	25	15	10
Amharic	5,625	2,540	3,085	15	5	5
Arabic	94,195	46,505	47,695	15	5	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	9,515	4,595	4,920	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	2,915	1,410	1,500	0	0	0
Harari	555	250	305	0	0	0
Hebrew	4,850	2,505	2,345	0	0	0
Maltese	1,090	505	580	0	0	0
Tigrigna	3,920	1,805	2,115	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	755	360	395	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	245	115	125	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50,245	23,105	27,140	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	3,770	1,650	2,120	0	0	0
Vietnamese	46,435	21,435	25,000	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	85,370	36,525	48,845	120	55	60
Bikol	90	35	55	0	0	0
Cebuano	2,325	1,020	1,315	0	0	0
Fijian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	910	385	530	0	0	0
Ilocano	4,100	1,780	2,320	0	0	0
Malagasy	35	15	20	0	0	0
Malay	1,810	860	945	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	445	200	250	0	0	0
Pangasinan	90	40	50	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	75,070	31,965	43,105	110	55	60
Waray-Waray	90	35	55	5	0	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	380	175	200	0	0	0
Creole languages	5,325	2,355	2,970	5	5	0
Haitian Creole	355	165	190	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	3,995	1,735	2,255	5	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	975	455	520	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	96,250	46,575	49,680	15	10	5
Kannada	1,060	540	520	0	0	0
Malayalam	8,760	4,460	4,295	0	0	0
Tamil	80,600	38,460	42,140	15	10	5
Telugu	5,705	3,050	2,655	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	125	55	70	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	200	95	105	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	978,300	469,640	508,670	85	50	35
Albanian	9,190	4,580	4,605	0	0	0
Armenian	8,630	4,065	4,560	5	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	192,945	90,585	102,365	10	5	5
Baltic languages	2,305	950	1,355	0	0	0
Latvian	860	350	515	0	0	0
Lithuanian	1,440	600	840	0	0	0
Slavic languages	190,645	89,635	101,005	10	5	5
Belarusan	175	80	90	0	0	0
Bosnian	3,220	1,595	1,620	0	0	0
Bulgarian	4,830	2,350	2,480	0	0	0
Croatian	11,125	5,275	5,855	0	0	0
Czech	3,070	1,480	1,595	0	0	0
Macedonian	6,255	2,965	3,285	0	0	0
Polish	52,555	24,510	28,045	5	0	0
Russian	63,570	29,655	33,920	5	0	0
Serbian	23,175	11,335	11,840	0	5	0
Serbo-Croatian	1,925	920	1,010	0	0	0
Slovak	3,520	1,680	1,845	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	1,465	645	815	0	0	0
Ukrainian	15,415	6,995	8,420	0	5	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	355	160	190	0	0	0
Celtic languages	120	65	55	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	60	30	25	0	0	0
Welsh	30	10	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0	0	0
Germanic languages	44,515	21,630	22,880	5	5	5
Afrikaans	755	365	390	0	0	0
Danish	280	135	150	0	0	0
Dutch	4,450	2,145	2,305	0	0	0
Frisian	90	45	45	0	0	0
German	37,255	18,140	19,120	0	5	0
Icelandic	45	20	30	0	0	0
Norwegian	70	30	40	0	0	0
Swedish	385	190	190	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	145	60	85	0	0	0
Yiddish	370	190	185	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	655	315	340	0	0	0
Greek	21,700	10,160	11,535	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	435,835	215,755	220,080	45	25	20
Indo-Aryan languages	344,050	171,125	172,920	45	25	20
Bengali	29,590	14,595	14,995	20	15	10
Gujarati	45,445	22,410	23,035	0	0	0
Hindi	28,960	14,485	14,475	0	0	0
Kashmiri	65	30	35	0	0	0
Konkani	540	260	280	0	0	0
Marathi	2,420	1,230	1,190	5	0	0
Nepali	5,640	2,815	2,820	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	325	160	165	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	132,135	66,410	65,725	0	5	0
Sindhi	2,880	1,320	1,560	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	4,595	2,250	2,345	0	0	0
Urdu	91,450	45,160	46,295	15	5	5
Iranian languages	90,730	44,090	46,640	5	5	0
Kurdish	3,675	1,900	1,770	0	0	0
Pashto	6,750	3,360	3,395	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	80,305	38,830	41,475	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	1,050	540	515	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	265,375	122,790	142,585	25	15	10
Catalan	135	60	75	0	0	0
Italian	72,960	31,195	41,770	0	0	0
Portuguese	67,415	32,065	35,355	0	0	0
Romanian	19,920	9,380	10,535	0	5	0
Spanish	104,820	50,035	54,785	15	10	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	110	50	60	0	0	0
Japanese	6,040	2,590	3,450	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	770	420	355	0	0	0
Georgian	775	420	355	0	0	0
Korean	48,540	22,685	25,855	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	225	115	110	0	0	0
Mongolian	230	120	110	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	12,120	5,400	6,725	20	10	10
Akan (Twi)	4,415	1,915	2,495	0	5	0
Bamanankan	25	15	15	0	0	0
Edo	305	120	180	0	0	0
Ewe	135	60	80	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	110	55	55	0	0	0
Ga	175	80	100	0	0	0
Ganda	195	85	110	0	0	0
Igbo	540	265	275	5	5	5
Lingala	225	100	130	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	475	230	240	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	420	160	260	0	0	0
Shona	455	210	245	5	0	0
Swahili	2,085	925	1,160	0	0	0
Wolof	130	65	65	0	0	0
Yoruba	1,300	625	675	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,120	500	625	5	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	550	260	290	0	0	0
Dinka	120	60	65	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	425	195	225	0	0	0
Sign languages	4,425	2,485	1,940	35	20	15
American Sign Language	1,605	830	770	5	0	5
Quebec Sign Language	25	15	15	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	2,795	1,640	1,150	25	15	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	448,200	210,560	237,640	15	5	10
Chinese languages	441,615	207,305	234,310	15	5	10
Cantonese	198,745	91,545	107,200	5	0	5
Hakka	2,870	1,305	1,575	0	0	0
Mandarin	220,535	105,360	115,175	5	0	5
Min Dong	265	115	145	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5,775	2,635	3,140	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	3,690	1,735	1,955	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	9,630	4,565	5,070	5	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	6,580	3,250	3,330	0	0	0
Burmese	1,010	480	530	0	0	0
Karenic languages	1,360	685	675	0	0	0
Tibetan	3,875	1,925	1,945	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	335	165	170	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	3,865	1,845	2,020	0	0	0
Lao	2,535	1,220	1,315	0	0	0
Thai	1,315	615	695	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	10	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	12,435	6,200	6,230	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	770	385	380	0	0	0
Turkish	10,545	5,245	5,300	0	0	0
Uyghur	290	150	140	0	0	0
Uzbek	585	290	295	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	250	130	120	0	0	0
Uralic languages	15,330	6,990	8,340	0	0	0
Estonian	790	290	500	0	0	0
Finnish	1,835	780	1,050	0	0	0
Hungarian	12,700	5,915	6,790	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	465	245	225	0	0	0
Multiple responses	790,825	379,925	410,905	610	305	305
English and French	45,655	20,895	24,755	20	10	10
English and non-official language	719,595	347,730	371,865	585	290	295
French and non-official language	6,725	2,930	3,795	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language	18,855	8,365	10,490	5	5	5
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990	35,690	18,205	17,490
None	11,071,665	5,436,665	5,635,000	17,430	8,995	8,435
English	896,170	437,015	459,155	9,555	4,885	4,670
French	243,970	108,390	135,580	240	130	110
Non-official language	1,056,960	501,315	555,645	8,425	4,175	4,250
Aboriginal	14,315	6,580	7,735	7,990	3,960	4,025
Non-Aboriginal	1,042,645	494,735	547,910	435	215	220
English and French	8,150	3,755	4,395	0	0	0
English and non-official language	19,105	9,370	9,735	20	15	10
French and non-official language	16,435	7,165	9,270	15	5	10
English, French and non-official language	415	205	215	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590	23,930	12,180	11,755
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	10,556,935	5,115,460	5,441,475	22,435	11,345	11,090
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,539	39,889	28,676	29,743	28,817	30,326
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	10,559,805	5,115,825	5,443,975	22,435	11,345	11,090
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,641	35,753	26,585	28,635	27,517	29,403
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	9,391,800	4,650,130	4,741,675	19,220	9,910	9,315
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,871	39,831	27,012	30,583	31,667	29,517
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	7,632,575	3,402,810	4,229,770	21,890	11,040	10,840
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,206	2,034	5,463	2,524	1,275	4,682
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	7,790,680	3,998,335	3,792,350	18,590	9,605	8,985
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,946	39,490	29,413	29,724	30,603	28,640
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685	23,935	12,175	11,755
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	10,556,925	5,114,340	5,442,580	22,435	11,345	11,090
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,915	56,780	39,585	50,689	50,882	50,492
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	10,559,935	5,114,725	5,445,210	22,435	11,345	11,090
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,318	45,443	33,564	43,247	42,937	43,564
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	9,391,645	4,649,230	4,742,415	19,225	9,905	9,310
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,890	57,511	38,459	52,115	53,453	50,693
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	7,632,220	3,402,745	4,229,475	21,885	11,045	10,845
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,346	6,763	7,815	6,191	4,314	8,103
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	7,790,680	3,995,700	3,794,985	18,590	9,605	8,980
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,369	55,263	39,057	51,195	52,454	49,849
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685	23,930	12,175	11,755
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	3,737,385	2,082,480	1,654,900	7,580	3,925	3,655
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	55,121	60,345	49,713	90,230	88,548	91,332
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	68,628	76,536	58,676	88,321	89,311	87,259
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	88.9	92.1	84.7	88.1	91.8	84.3
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	72.9	76.0	68.7	83.7	87.2	80.0
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	11.1	7.9	15.3	11.9	8.3	15.7
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590	23,930	12,180	11,755
Without total income	481,500	227,390	254,115	1,495	830	665
With total income	10,556,940	5,115,460	5,441,475	22,435	11,345	11,095
Percentage with total income	95.6	95.7	95.5	93.8	93.1	94.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,615,790	711,105	904,685	5,320	3,165	2,155
$10,000 to $19,999	1,829,355	742,710	1,086,645	3,350	1,480	1,870
$20,000 to $29,999	1,410,760	589,975	820,785	2,610	1,135	1,475
$30,000 to $39,999	1,147,510	519,550	627,955	1,810	840	965
$40,000 to $49,999	1,021,880	489,595	532,285	1,190	575	610
$50,000 to $59,999	809,115	415,950	393,165	810	400	410
$60,000 to $69,999	630,635	348,525	282,110	730	375	360
$70,000 to $79,999	479,890	277,725	202,165	735	370	365
$80,000 to $89,999	378,185	222,095	156,095	820	440	380
$90,000 to $99,999	324,810	181,815	142,995	835	375	460
$100,000 and over	909,005	616,420	292,585	4,230	2,185	2,045
$100,000 to $149,999	600,995	394,410	206,590	3,215	1,570	1,645
$150,000 and over	308,010	222,010	86,000	1,010	615	400
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590	23,930	12,180	11,755
Without after-tax income	478,635	227,025	251,610	1,495	835	665
With after-tax income	10,559,805	5,115,825	5,443,980	22,435	11,345	11,095
Percentage with after-tax income	95.7	95.8	95.6	93.8	93.1	94.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,659,280	722,040	937,235	5,335	3,165	2,170
$10,000 to $19,999	1,906,875	777,330	1,129,540	3,410	1,530	1,880
$20,000 to $29,999	1,623,230	690,290	932,940	2,825	1,250	1,570
$30,000 to $39,999	1,377,100	642,645	734,450	1,920	915	1,005
$40,000 to $49,999	1,166,040	585,490	580,555	1,270	605	665
$50,000 to $59,999	845,305	464,610	380,700	980	500	485
$60,000 to $69,999	604,005	354,015	249,985	1,015	505	510
$70,000 to $79,999	465,485	268,140	197,345	1,085	555	530
$80,000 and over	912,490	611,260	301,230	4,595	2,315	2,280
$80,000 to $89,999	299,315	183,410	115,905	1,095	500	590
$90,000 to $99,999	174,110	116,330	57,785	1,025	480	550
$100,000 and over	439,070	311,525	127,540	2,475	1,335	1,145
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590	23,930	12,180	11,755
Without employment income	3,247,760	1,344,515	1,903,245	5,340	2,575	2,770
With employment income	7,790,680	3,998,335	3,792,350	18,590	9,600	8,985
Percentage with employment income	70.6	74.8	66.6	77.7	78.8	76.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,094,860	546,920	547,940	3,930	1,925	2,000
$5,000 to $9,999	635,305	281,135	354,165	1,800	875	925
$10,000 to $19,999	1,027,910	464,445	563,465	2,150	1,135	1,015
$20,000 to $29,999	827,805	372,185	455,625	1,440	815	620
$30,000 to $39,999	767,840	351,925	415,910	1,025	580	445
$40,000 to $49,999	709,775	341,320	368,450	815	430	380
$50,000 to $59,999	588,220	310,155	278,065	710	350	360
$60,000 to $69,999	465,670	263,430	202,240	655	355	295
$70,000 to $79,999	369,085	218,570	150,515	680	360	320
$80,000 and over	1,304,210	848,245	455,970	5,390	2,775	2,615
$80,000 to $89,999	307,660	182,660	125,005	755	410	345
$90,000 to $99,999	280,530	156,440	124,090	805	345	460
$100,000 and over	716,015	509,140	206,875	3,830	2,020	1,810
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	5,169,175	...	...	9,820	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	74,287	...	...	97,441	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	65,285	...	...	85,605	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	1,341,300	...	...	1,855	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,900	...	...	72,960	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	33,219	...	...	61,184	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	3,827,875	...	...	7,965	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	90,967	...	...	102,778	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	79,528	...	...	91,402	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	5,169,175	...	...	9,815	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	97,856	...	...	115,823	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	80,322	...	...	98,818	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,341,115	...	...	1,855	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	49,571	...	...	79,545	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	40,830	...	...	65,262	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	3,828,060	...	...	7,965	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	114,773	...	...	124,267	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	94,157	...	...	106,628	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	5,169,175	...	...	9,820	...	...
Under $5,000	86,720	...	...	105	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	70,245	...	...	265	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	134,395	...	...	205	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	185,245	...	...	235	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	200,770	...	...	295	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	189,450	...	...	300	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	202,580	...	...	325	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	207,180	...	...	325	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	206,605	...	...	340	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	202,015	...	...	305	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	388,820	...	...	550	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	363,580	...	...	520	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	335,770	...	...	435	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	309,105	...	...	415	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	282,740	...	...	410	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,803,955	...	...	4,795	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	560,090	...	...	1,070	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	394,570	...	...	920	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	449,885	...	...	1,160	...	...
$200,000 and over	399,410	...	...	1,645	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	5,169,175	...	...	9,820	...	...
Under $5,000	92,220	...	...	100	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	71,480	...	...	270	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	136,550	...	...	210	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	192,920	...	...	240	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	222,605	...	...	300	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	211,440	...	...	325	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	232,755	...	...	330	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	244,335	...	...	350	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	247,645	...	...	340	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	241,965	...	...	355	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	463,170	...	...	615	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	422,695	...	...	590	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	388,720	...	...	560	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	342,330	...	...	575	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	290,720	...	...	565	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,367,630	...	...	4,100	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	539,915	...	...	1,200	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	334,420	...	...	835	...	...
$150,000 and over	493,295	...	...	2,070	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	3,689,580	...	...	7,705	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	91,089	...	...	99,421	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	79,531	...	...	88,747	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	1,280,890	...	...	1,005	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	81,459	...	...	162,304	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	71,237	...	...	136,265	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	1,716,115	...	...	4,640	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	115,381	...	...	110,476	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	99,205	...	...	98,481	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	584,180	...	...	1,700	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,363	...	...	53,760	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	50,317	...	...	52,070	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	3,689,080	...	...	7,705	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	115,328	...	...	121,531	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	94,410	...	...	104,373	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	1,280,580	...	...	1,005	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	104,425	...	...	162,943	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	84,952	...	...	134,556	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	1,717,295	...	...	4,635	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	140,590	...	...	132,126	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	114,144	...	...	113,780	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	581,945	...	...	1,700	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	67,748	...	...	72,190	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	58,742	...	...	64,121	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	1,818,815	867,175	951,640	2,705	1,580	1,130
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	32,097	33,925	30,753	61,995	50,048	78,080
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,417	30,678	28,442	54,496	45,227	66,918
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	1,814,575	864,020	950,555	2,705	1,585	1,130
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	44,298	46,765	42,057	74,013	68,372	81,933
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	36,874	38,228	35,644	61,196	56,528	67,748
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	13,242,160	6,472,205	6,769,955	35,580	18,135	17,440
In the bottom half of the distribution	6,335,170	3,016,275	3,318,895	19,105	9,740	9,360
In the bottom decile	1,346,645	651,310	695,335	5,315	2,730	2,590
In the second decile	1,280,675	581,380	699,290	4,460	2,250	2,210
In the third decile	1,237,415	583,840	653,575	3,725	1,915	1,815
In the fourth decile	1,223,510	589,740	633,770	2,865	1,470	1,395
In the fifth decile	1,246,925	610,000	636,930	2,725	1,380	1,355
In the top half of the distribution	6,906,990	3,455,930	3,451,060	16,475	8,390	8,085
In the sixth decile	1,279,095	629,635	649,465	2,285	1,195	1,085
In the seventh decile	1,321,220	655,840	665,375	2,420	1,250	1,175
In the eighth decile	1,382,795	691,630	691,165	2,555	1,290	1,260
In the ninth decile	1,464,415	736,030	728,385	3,180	1,635	1,550
In the top decile	1,459,465	742,795	716,670	6,035	3,020	3,015
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	13,184,055	6,442,930	6,741,130	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	2,656,535	1,361,905	1,294,630	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	835,000	428,025	406,975	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	8,418,960	4,110,615	4,308,345	0	0	0
65 years and over	2,108,560	970,405	1,138,155	0	0	0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,898,975	886,530	1,012,445	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	489,905	251,830	238,080	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	165,140	84,825	80,310	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	1,155,315	538,535	616,780	0	0	0
65 years and over	253,755	96,170	157,585	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.4	13.8	15.0	...	...	...
0 to 17 years (%)	18.4	18.5	18.4	...	...	...
0 to 5 years (%)	19.8	19.8	19.7	...	...	...
18 to 64 years (%)	13.7	13.1	14.3	...	...	...
65 years and over (%)	12.0	9.9	13.8	...	...	...
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,298,590	627,935	670,650	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	304,390	156,575	147,815	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	102,750	52,810	49,935	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	887,640	430,545	457,095	0	0	0
65 years and over	106,555	40,815	65,740	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.8	9.7	9.9	...	...	...
0 to 17 years (%)	11.5	11.5	11.4	...	...	...
0 to 5 years (%)	12.3	12.3	12.3	...	...	...
18 to 64 years (%)	10.5	10.5	10.6	...	...	...
65 years and over (%)	5.1	4.2	5.8	...	...	...
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,925	35,580	18,135	17,445
Official languages	12,918,075	6,342,930	6,575,145	33,535	17,120	16,420
English	12,879,045	6,326,225	6,552,825	33,485	17,080	16,400
French	1,521,020	677,505	843,510	1,565	820	745
Non-official languages	4,431,270	2,115,510	2,315,760	28,440	14,375	14,065
Aboriginal languages	33,855	15,815	18,035	27,345	13,815	13,530
Algonquian languages	30,630	14,505	16,125	30	15	15
Blackfoot	15	15	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	6,560	3,160	3,395	15	10	10
Atikamekw	10	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Moose Cree	145	70	75	0	0	0
Naskapi	25	10	10	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	65	25	45	0	0	0
Plains Cree	105	50	50	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	605	255	350	0	0	0
Woods Cree	45	25	25	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5,620	2,760	2,865	15	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	180	95	85	0	10	0
Malecite	20	20	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	160	75	85	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	23,980	11,285	12,690	10	0	0
Algonquin	205	95	105	0	0	0
Ojibway	16,220	7,600	8,630	10	10	0
Oji-Cree	7,515	3,585	3,935	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	200	105	100	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	85	40	50	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	85	25	65	10	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	80	25	55	10	0	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	10	0	10	0	0	0
Chilcotin	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dene	45	20	30	10	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Gwich'in	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	10	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	840	320	525	27,320	13,805	13,520
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	10	0	10	1,135	525	615
Inuktitut	730	285	445	26,215	13,305	12,910
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	105	35	70	35	15	20
Iroquoian languages	1,940	810	1,125	0	0	0
Cayuga	120	35	85	0	0	0
Mohawk	1,625	710	915	0	0	0
Oneida	180	55	125	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	180	65	110	0	0	0
Salish languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages	40	10	30	0	0	0
Dakota	20	10	10	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	10	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	210	100	110	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	4,397,690	2,099,820	2,297,865	1,235	625	605
Afro-Asiatic languages	362,645	183,050	179,595	120	80	40
Berber languages	925	505	415	0	0	0
Kabyle	530	280	255	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	390	225	165	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	34,160	15,155	19,000	25	15	0
Bilen	355	200	160	0	0	0
Oromo	2,075	905	1,175	0	0	0
Somali	31,535	13,925	17,610	25	15	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	370	170	205	0	0	0
Semitic languages	330,315	168,750	161,570	85	60	30
Amharic	16,010	7,565	8,445	20	20	0
Arabic	246,015	127,015	119,000	55	45	20
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	17,825	8,775	9,050	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	6,185	3,045	3,140	0	0	0
Harari	1,310	660	645	0	0	0
Hebrew	43,255	22,165	21,090	10	10	10
Maltese	7,020	3,455	3,570	0	0	0
Tigrigna	9,385	4,320	5,065	10	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	1,985	1,010	975	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	1,125	535	590	10	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	99,830	46,210	53,620	10	10	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10,045	4,490	5,550	0	0	0
Vietnamese	90,265	41,965	48,300	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	60	10	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	249,435	98,295	151,150	215	80	130
Bikol	755	340	425	10	0	0
Cebuano	9,475	3,650	5,830	0	0	0
Fijian	110	40	65	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	3,110	1,205	1,910	0	0	0
Ilocano	15,235	5,940	9,295	15	10	10
Malagasy	215	115	100	0	0	0
Malay	9,780	4,500	5,280	0	10	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,935	855	1,080	10	10	0
Pangasinan	565	245	320	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	232,935	91,110	141,820	200	80	125
Waray-Waray	410	125	285	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,785	755	1,030	0	0	0
Creole languages	30,260	13,525	16,735	15	0	10
Haitian Creole	1,430	605	830	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	19,375	8,480	10,895	10	0	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	9,685	4,525	5,155	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	196,315	97,975	98,335	20	10	10
Kannada	5,775	2,930	2,845	0	0	0
Malayalam	22,880	11,535	11,345	0	0	0
Tamil	157,700	77,975	79,730	20	15	0
Telugu	16,315	8,925	7,390	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	495	250	240	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	545	265	280	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,608,060	1,265,535	1,342,525	565	290	275
Albanian	22,375	11,180	11,195	10	0	0
Armenian	18,435	8,860	9,575	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	473,565	221,450	252,120	75	40	35
Baltic languages	10,545	4,495	6,050	0	0	0
Latvian	4,675	2,070	2,610	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5,875	2,430	3,445	0	0	0
Slavic languages	465,170	217,885	247,285	75	45	35
Belarusan	1,360	680	680	0	0	0
Bosnian	9,915	4,905	5,010	0	10	0
Bulgarian	10,410	5,060	5,350	10	10	0
Croatian	46,580	22,880	23,700	0	0	0
Czech	14,045	6,615	7,430	0	10	0
Macedonian	21,505	10,365	11,140	0	0	0
Polish	142,985	65,415	77,575	25	15	10
Russian	138,735	64,355	74,380	35	15	20
Serbian	53,250	26,725	26,525	10	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5,815	2,845	2,965	0	0	0
Slovak	12,035	5,550	6,490	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	7,935	3,550	4,390	0	0	0
Ukrainian	54,615	24,125	30,490	10	0	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	1,750	935	815	0	0	0
Celtic languages	3,800	1,880	1,920	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	1,480	720	765	0	0	0
Welsh	685	300	390	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	1,650	870	785	0	0	0
Germanic languages	274,305	130,610	143,700	150	70	75
Afrikaans	7,360	3,625	3,735	15	10	10
Danish	5,440	2,455	2,980	15	0	0
Dutch	63,410	29,875	33,535	15	0	10
Frisian	1,655	820	835	0	0	0
German	189,035	90,730	98,305	105	50	55
Icelandic	285	130	155	0	0	0
Norwegian	2,140	975	1,165	10	0	0
Swedish	5,125	2,345	2,785	10	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	2,275	1,050	1,225	0	0	10
Yiddish	7,175	3,535	3,640	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	3,290	1,645	1,645	0	0	0
Greek	80,690	40,105	40,590	10	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages	915,765	463,175	452,585	100	55	45
Indo-Aryan languages	759,390	384,940	374,450	95	50	40
Bengali	59,685	30,420	29,265	30	15	15
Gujarati	103,890	52,380	51,510	10	0	0
Hindi	250,095	127,765	122,335	30	20	10
Kashmiri	600	300	300	0	0	0
Konkani	5,490	2,515	2,975	0	0	0
Marathi	10,360	5,380	4,980	0	0	0
Nepali	10,245	5,115	5,135	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	1,090	515	570	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	282,065	145,050	137,015	15	10	10
Sindhi	11,515	5,385	6,130	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	18,555	9,230	9,330	0	0	10
Urdu	231,500	117,305	114,190	35	20	15
Iranian languages	163,490	81,710	81,785	10	10	0
Kurdish	8,795	4,755	4,040	0	0	0
Pashto	15,315	8,145	7,170	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	145,465	72,275	73,190	10	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	4,665	2,495	2,175	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	880,330	418,225	462,105	255	125	130
Catalan	515	275	240	0	0	0
Italian	333,645	161,190	172,455	40	20	20
Portuguese	193,520	93,885	99,635	10	10	0
Romanian	49,635	23,205	26,430	10	0	0
Spanish	337,615	156,040	181,580	210	105	105
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	1,355	745	605	0	0	0
Japanese	25,675	11,535	14,140	10	0	0
Kartvelian languages	1,555	775	780	0	0	0
Georgian	1,555	770	785	0	0	0
Korean	79,175	36,930	42,245	10	0	0
Mongolic languages	515	225	285	0	0	0
Mongolian	515	225	285	10	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	70,570	33,620	36,945	110	70	40
Akan (Twi)	15,950	7,520	8,435	10	0	0
Bamanankan	385	195	185	0	0	0
Edo	2,130	930	1,195	0	0	0
Ewe	880	435	445	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	700	320	375	0	0	0
Ga	1,340	645	695	0	0	0
Ganda	1,225	550	675	10	0	10
Igbo	4,025	2,105	1,920	0	0	0
Lingala	4,885	2,165	2,720	10	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	2,555	1,080	1,475	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	2,220	885	1,330	0	0	0
Shona	2,350	1,055	1,300	20	15	0
Swahili	16,750	8,110	8,640	20	15	10
Wolof	730	355	375	0	0	0
Yoruba	10,495	5,345	5,150	15	10	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	11,210	5,255	5,950	50	35	20
Nilo-Saharan languages	2,025	1,020	1,010	0	0	0
Dinka	415	220	200	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	1,615	805	810	0	0	0
Sign languages	18,865	7,645	11,220	135	60	75
American Sign Language	10,220	3,695	6,525	70	35	40
Quebec Sign Language	235	60	180	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	8,690	4,005	4,680	70	30	40
Sino-Tibetan languages	689,145	324,575	364,565	80	40	40
Chinese languages	679,170	319,635	359,530	75	40	40
Cantonese	341,875	159,280	182,600	25	10	15
Hakka	7,865	3,445	4,420	0	0	0
Mandarin	385,395	179,890	205,510	30	10	15
Min Dong	810	330	480	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	16,980	7,650	9,330	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	8,305	3,860	4,440	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	16,455	7,710	8,745	30	15	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	185	95	90	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10,460	5,200	5,260	10	0	0
Burmese	2,215	1,055	1,165	10	0	0
Karenic languages	1,820	905	920	0	0	0
Tibetan	5,695	2,845	2,850	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	1,245	645	605	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	11,120	4,945	6,180	0	0	10
Lao	6,740	3,215	3,520	0	0	0
Thai	5,195	2,065	3,135	0	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages	33,335	17,310	16,025	10	0	10
Azerbaijani	3,260	1,710	1,550	0	0	0
Turkish	27,850	14,510	13,340	10	10	0
Uyghur	700	350	345	0	0	0
Uzbek	1,405	700	705	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	915	450	465	0	0	0
Uralic languages	58,370	27,060	31,310	20	10	10
Estonian	4,785	2,155	2,625	0	0	0
Finnish	11,145	4,865	6,280	10	10	0
Hungarian	42,545	20,070	22,480	10	10	10
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	3,675	1,950	1,725	15	10	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920	35,580	18,140	17,440
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	12,223,065	5,987,360	6,235,705	35,285	17,990	17,290
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,546,075	1,305,820	1,240,255	13,480	6,915	6,560
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	9,676,990	4,681,540	4,995,445	21,805	11,080	10,725
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	1,019,095	484,880	534,215	300	145	155
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920	35,580	18,140	17,445
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	9,188,815	4,555,270	4,633,545	34,600	17,630	16,980
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,480	915	485	435
Before 1981	1,077,745	507,500	570,240	155	95	55
1981 to 1990	513,995	246,235	267,755	100	60	40
1991 to 2000	834,510	390,315	444,195	160	85	75
2001 to 2010	953,730	446,895	506,835	335	170	165
2001 to 2005	490,560	230,950	259,610	165	90	70
2006 to 2010	463,170	215,945	247,225	175	80	95
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	472,170	223,715	248,450	165	75	90
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	201,200	102,305	98,895	55	25	35
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,485	920	485	430
Under 5 years	369,955	184,255	185,705	100	50	55
5 to 14 years	685,085	345,865	339,225	160	95	65
15 to 24 years	855,475	381,025	474,450	165	85	75
25 to 44 years	1,579,500	741,340	838,160	435	225	215
45 years and over	362,130	162,180	199,945	55	35	25
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,480	920	485	430
Americas	598,950	265,930	333,025	160	75	85
Brazil	14,705	6,700	8,010	0	0	0
Colombia	28,815	13,085	15,730	0	0	0
El Salvador	20,920	10,165	10,750	0	0	0
Guyana	79,745	35,325	44,420	10	0	0
Haiti	10,195	4,410	5,785	0	0	0
Jamaica	119,840	51,320	68,525	25	10	15
Mexico	30,075	13,895	16,185	0	10	0
Peru	10,550	4,660	5,895	10	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	52,810	23,515	29,300	10	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	109,005	47,170	61,830	65	30	35
Other places of birth in Americas	122,280	55,685	66,600	45	25	25
Europe	1,144,295	546,250	598,050	195	120	70
Bosnia and Herzegovina	21,300	10,655	10,645	0	0	0
Croatia	27,330	13,495	13,835	0	0	0
France	13,385	6,310	7,070	10	0	10
Germany	63,460	29,685	33,775	25	15	10
Greece	36,575	18,225	18,350	0	0	0
Hungary	22,085	10,495	11,590	0	10	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	15,275	7,415	7,860	0	0	0
Italy	157,815	78,510	79,305	10	0	10
Netherlands	47,400	23,910	23,490	10	0	0
Poland	96,000	43,155	52,845	15	10	0
Portugal	103,025	50,240	52,785	0	10	0
Romania	42,720	19,720	23,000	10	0	0
Russian Federation	42,980	18,540	24,440	10	0	10
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	23,695	11,610	12,085	10	0	0
Ukraine	39,945	18,150	21,795	10	10	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	264,125	125,730	138,390	80	50	30
Other places of birth in Europe	127,190	60,395	66,790	30	15	10
Africa	226,770	109,585	117,185	190	110	80
Algeria	2,925	1,480	1,450	0	0	0
Egypt	34,510	18,000	16,510	0	0	0
Ethiopia	15,570	7,230	8,340	20	10	10
Kenya	14,940	6,910	8,025	0	0	10
Morocco	5,485	2,690	2,795	10	10	0
Nigeria	20,630	10,285	10,345	30	10	15
Somalia	16,970	6,845	10,125	10	10	0
South Africa, Republic of	19,390	9,545	9,840	10	10	10
Other places of birth in Africa	96,355	46,610	49,745	105	60	40
Asia	1,869,805	886,570	983,240	370	175	195
Afghanistan	33,145	16,490	16,655	0	0	0
Bangladesh	39,410	19,970	19,440	25	10	10
China^{Census data footnote 59}	317,225	143,705	173,515	20	10	10
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	108,030	50,945	57,090	10	10	0
India	360,540	179,950	180,590	30	15	15
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	86,810	43,445	43,360	10	0	0
Iraq	50,390	25,280	25,115	0	0	0
Japan	8,145	2,550	5,585	10	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	57,085	26,660	30,425	10	0	10
Lebanon	34,545	18,145	16,405	15	15	0
Pakistan	142,265	71,925	70,345	30	15	15
Philippines	231,760	93,730	138,030	185	75	110
Sri Lanka	109,855	53,640	56,215	10	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	22,680	11,405	11,270	0	0	0
Taiwan	17,840	7,775	10,065	0	0	0
Viet Nam	80,525	36,545	43,985	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	169,555	84,400	85,160	35	15	20
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	12,330	6,330	5,990	10	10	10
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	472,170	223,720	248,450	165	75	90
Americas	60,700	29,005	31,700	35	15	15
Brazil	3,180	1,505	1,675	0	0	0
Colombia	4,520	2,005	2,520	0	0	0
Cuba	1,950	910	1,045	0	0	0
Haiti	2,575	1,140	1,435	0	0	10
Jamaica	8,935	4,840	4,090	0	10	0
Mexico	5,670	2,745	2,925	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	14,635	7,225	7,405	15	0	10
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	2,460	1,120	1,340	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	16,775	7,510	9,265	10	10	0
Europe	45,295	22,250	23,045	10	0	10
France	2,010	1,025	985	10	0	0
Germany	1,695	885	805	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	1,900	1,185	715	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	880	400	480	0	0	0
Romania	2,425	995	1,430	0	0	0
Russian Federation	4,905	1,790	3,115	0	0	0
Ukraine	4,455	2,005	2,445	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	7,780	4,515	3,265	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	19,245	9,450	9,795	10	0	0
Africa	39,380	19,045	20,330	45	25	20
Algeria	415	180	240	0	0	0
Cameroon	1,390	640	750	10	0	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	1,835	845	990	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	605	245	360	10	10	0
Egypt	8,220	4,290	3,935	0	0	0
Eritrea	2,055	1,010	1,045	0	0	0
Ethiopia	2,505	1,115	1,385	0	0	10
Morocco	655	275	375	0	10	0
Nigeria	5,910	2,895	3,015	10	10	0
Somalia	2,065	965	1,100	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	1,410	715	695	0	10	0
Tunisia	310	155	150	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	12,010	5,715	6,295	0	0	0
Asia	324,820	152,205	172,615	75	30	45
Afghanistan	5,785	2,845	2,945	0	0	0
Bangladesh	8,180	4,055	4,125	10	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	58,840	26,025	32,815	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	1,985	800	1,190	0	0	0
India	69,325	35,060	34,265	10	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	21,225	10,300	10,930	0	0	0
Iraq	14,645	7,315	7,330	0	0	0
Israel	2,050	1,085	970	0	0	0
Japan	1,385	370	1,015	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	6,320	2,855	3,470	0	0	0
Lebanon	3,230	1,685	1,545	0	0	0
Nepal	3,395	1,725	1,665	0	0	0
Pakistan	25,435	12,425	13,015	0	0	0
Philippines	53,190	21,740	31,450	50	20	30
Saudi Arabia	3,140	1,615	1,530	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	8,185	3,580	4,605	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	12,710	6,590	6,120	0	0	10
Taiwan	1,015	435	580	0	0	0
Turkey	2,590	1,440	1,145	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	4,290	2,230	2,055	0	0	0
Viet Nam	3,885	1,520	2,365	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	13,995	6,505	7,485	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	1,980	1,215	765	10	0	0
Australia	1,535	965	565	10	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	445	250	200	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920	35,580	18,135	17,440
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	4,122,840	1,953,095	2,169,740	1,025	530	495
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	3,049,835	1,525,300	1,524,540	925	480	445
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	6,069,485	2,993,845	3,075,640	33,630	17,125	16,500
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	2,825,480	1,331,730	1,493,750	770	390	380
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	1,364,380	677,695	686,685	430	210	220
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	540,795	338,460	202,335	230	115	115
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	823,580	339,240	484,350	195	90	110
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	940,405	382,890	557,520	235	115	120
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	482,665	253,750	228,910	105	65	35
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	38,035	17,400	20,640	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920	35,580	18,140	17,445
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	374,395	179,970	194,420	30,555	15,415	15,140
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	361,125	173,685	187,445	30,495	15,385	15,105
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	236,680	112,840	123,845	190	90	100
Métis	120,585	59,015	61,570	165	85	75
Inuk (Inuit)	3,860	1,835	2,030	30,135	15,205	14,925
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	5,730	2,680	3,045	55	20	30
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	7,540	3,615	3,930	10	10	10
Non-Aboriginal identity	12,867,765	6,292,265	6,575,500	5,025	2,725	2,300
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,925	35,580	18,140	17,440
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	170,895	81,560	89,335	165	75	90
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	13,071,265	6,390,680	6,680,585	35,410	18,060	17,355
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920	35,580	18,135	17,445
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	112,875	54,840	58,035	25,215	12,745	12,470
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	111,575	54,180	57,395	25,025	12,665	12,365
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	97,430	47,130	50,305	100	50	55
Métis single ancestry	12,925	6,490	6,435	40	15	25
Inuit single ancestry	1,220	565	655	24,890	12,600	12,290
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	1,295	665	640	190	85	110
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	1,055	545	510	0	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	145	70	75	165	70	95
Métis and Inuit ancestries	65	25	40	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	30	20	10	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	405,425	192,320	213,100	5,205	2,595	2,610
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	395,205	187,695	207,510	4,985	2,495	2,495
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	276,920	130,810	146,110	255	140	120
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	113,785	54,830	58,955	65	40	25
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	4,500	2,050	2,450	4,665	2,315	2,355
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	10,215	4,620	5,590	215	100	115
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	9,305	4,205	5,100	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	595	290	305	160	75	85
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	300	125	170	55	25	25
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	12,723,865	6,225,080	6,498,785	5,160	2,795	2,365
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920	35,580	18,135	17,440
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	3,885,585	1,878,075	2,007,505	905	450	460
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	1,150,415	582,010	568,400	115	60	55
Chinese	754,550	359,230	395,315	75	30	45
Black	627,715	296,270	331,445	330	180	150
Filipino	311,675	132,440	179,230	230	95	135
Latin American	195,950	93,645	102,310	40	20	20
Arab	210,435	109,585	100,850	40	30	10
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	133,855	63,255	70,605	30	10	15
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	154,670	77,385	77,280	10	0	10
Korean	88,935	42,445	46,495	10	10	10
Japanese	30,830	13,595	17,235	10	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	97,970	46,105	51,860	20	10	10
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	128,585	62,105	66,485	10	10	10
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	9,356,575	4,594,165	4,762,410	34,670	17,685	16,985
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920	35,580	18,140	17,445
North American Aboriginal origins	518,300	247,160	271,135	30,420	15,340	15,075
First Nations (North American Indian)	385,505	183,075	202,430	690	345	350
Inuit	6,870	3,150	3,720	29,950	15,095	14,855
Métis	137,485	66,245	71,235	185	95	95
Other North American origins	3,220,595	1,585,255	1,635,340	1,815	960	860
Acadian	16,580	8,135	8,450	105	50	55
American	140,165	67,480	72,690	230	120	110
Canadian	3,109,770	1,531,645	1,578,125	1,305	685	630
New Brunswicker	320	190	125	10	10	0
Newfoundlander	10,850	5,520	5,325	125	70	50
Nova Scotian	1,485	685	800	10	0	10
Ontarian	2,165	1,085	1,075	0	0	0
Québécois	5,390	2,730	2,665	50	40	15
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	675	375	300	0	0	0
European origins	8,151,470	3,978,900	4,172,570	8,315	4,345	3,975
British Isles origins	4,900,430	2,380,595	2,519,835	5,815	3,015	2,790
Channel Islander	1,120	530	590	0	0	0
Cornish	755	370	385	0	0	0
English	2,808,805	1,357,650	1,451,160	1,625	825	800
Irish	2,095,460	991,625	1,103,835	1,745	895	850
Manx	2,450	1,320	1,130	10	0	0
Scottish	2,107,295	1,016,260	1,091,030	3,265	1,695	1,575
Welsh	198,475	94,555	103,920	160	85	80
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	323,185	152,525	170,660	355	200	150
French origins	1,350,520	643,360	707,160	1,485	785	700
Alsatian	1,235	495	740	0	0	0
Breton	290	175	120	10	0	10
Corsican	205	125	85	0	0	0
French	1,349,255	642,790	706,470	1,475	780	695
Western European origins (except French origins)	1,766,975	864,010	902,970	975	470	505
Austrian	72,475	35,415	37,065	35	25	15
Bavarian	450	225	230	0	0	0
Belgian	57,890	28,460	29,430	30	20	15
Dutch	527,750	259,585	268,165	190	90	105
Flemish	4,005	2,005	1,995	0	0	0
Frisian	2,705	1,400	1,305	0	0	0
German	1,189,670	579,315	610,355	745	355	390
Luxembourger	915	500	415	0	0	0
Swiss	59,835	29,395	30,440	20	0	10
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	1,095	560	530	10	10	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	266,085	127,885	138,195	675	335	340
Danish	53,555	26,355	27,195	290	145	150
Finnish	76,755	36,955	39,800	50	25	25
Icelandic	13,215	6,325	6,895	30	10	25
Norwegian	59,335	28,350	30,980	145	70	80
Swedish	71,035	32,705	38,325	115	65	55
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	12,540	6,400	6,140	85	45	40
Eastern European origins	1,339,610	644,610	695,000	515	260	255
Bulgarian	16,750	8,230	8,525	10	10	0
Byelorussian	11,690	5,645	6,045	0	0	0
Czech	42,340	20,815	21,530	15	0	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	14,810	6,820	7,990	0	0	0
Estonian	15,075	7,255	7,825	10	0	0
Hungarian	163,500	79,850	83,655	45	20	25
Latvian	18,095	8,615	9,480	10	0	10
Lithuanian	35,100	16,965	18,135	0	0	0
Moldovan	3,905	1,910	1,995	0	0	0
Polish	523,490	251,575	271,910	145	90	55
Romanian	98,235	46,825	51,410	20	10	15
Russian	220,850	103,650	117,200	100	60	40
Slovak	40,535	19,645	20,885	15	10	0
Ukrainian	376,440	181,725	194,715	190	90	100
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	10,330	4,940	5,390	30	15	15
Southern European origins	1,772,160	880,335	891,830	420	215	205
Albanian	25,980	13,085	12,895	10	0	0
Bosnian	14,680	7,255	7,425	0	0	0
Catalan	285	180	110	0	0	0
Croatian	82,220	41,350	40,875	10	10	0
Cypriot	4,400	2,170	2,230	0	0	0
Greek	148,555	74,830	73,720	20	10	0
Italian	931,805	467,100	464,705	175	95	85
Kosovar	1,305	655	650	0	0	0
Macedonian	39,440	19,820	19,625	0	0	0
Maltese	35,255	17,525	17,730	0	10	0
Montenegrin	2,545	1,295	1,250	0	0	0
Portuguese	324,930	160,970	163,960	115	60	55
Serbian	66,835	34,035	32,800	0	0	10
Sicilian	4,190	2,090	2,100	0	0	0
Slovenian	26,485	13,215	13,275	0	0	0
Spanish	171,145	78,880	92,265	75	35	40
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	20,245	9,785	10,460	10	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	965	425	540	10	0	0
Other European origins	105,865	53,050	52,820	345	190	155
Basque	1,585	805	780	0	0	0
Jewish	77,280	38,860	38,425	30	20	15
Roma (Gypsy)	2,295	1,050	1,245	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	2,065	1,110	955	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	23,290	11,540	11,750	305	170	140
Caribbean origins	462,600	213,660	248,940	95	50	45
Antiguan	3,275	1,480	1,800	0	0	0
Bahamian	2,305	1,190	1,115	0	0	0
Barbadian	26,625	12,375	14,250	10	10	0
Bermudan	2,010	925	1,085	0	0	0
Carib	2,295	855	1,440	0	10	0
Cuban	14,490	6,625	7,865	0	0	0
Dominican	9,180	4,420	4,760	10	0	0
Grenadian	14,690	6,420	8,275	10	0	10
Guadeloupean	70	20	50	0	0	0
Haitian	17,715	8,085	9,630	10	0	0
Jamaican	257,060	119,100	137,955	40	20	20
Kittitian/Nevisian	2,260	1,090	1,175	0	0	0
Martinican	195	65	125	0	0	0
Montserratan	620	300	325	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	1,495	755	740	0	0	0
St. Lucian	7,170	3,195	3,985	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	59,560	27,850	31,710	10	10	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	12,155	5,250	6,905	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	56,865	25,380	31,480	15	10	10
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	16,970	7,770	9,195	10	0	10
Latin, Central and South American origins	322,210	153,045	169,165	65	30	35
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	10,795	5,040	5,750	0	0	0
Arawak	1,055	470	585	0	0	0
Argentinian	11,460	5,620	5,840	10	0	0
Belizean	810	395	415	0	0	0
Bolivian	1,885	935	955	0	0	0
Brazilian	18,395	8,760	9,635	0	0	0
Chilean	14,625	7,015	7,610	10	0	0
Colombian	40,820	19,345	21,480	10	0	10
Costa Rican	2,790	1,380	1,410	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	20,385	9,650	10,735	10	10	0
Guatemalan	10,040	4,870	5,170	0	0	0
Guyanese	73,360	34,050	39,315	10	0	0
Hispanic	5,805	2,790	3,015	10	0	10
Honduran	3,360	1,590	1,765	0	0	0
Maya	2,500	1,285	1,215	0	0	0
Mexican	43,120	20,735	22,380	10	10	0
Nicaraguan	7,100	3,440	3,665	0	0	0
Panamanian	2,475	1,125	1,355	0	10	0
Paraguayan	600	280	320	0	0	0
Peruvian	14,780	6,985	7,800	0	0	0
Salvadorean	27,595	13,530	14,070	10	10	10
Uruguayan	4,200	2,150	2,050	0	0	0
Venezuelan	11,750	5,320	6,430	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	14,095	6,745	7,350	10	0	0
African origins	414,095	203,260	210,835	465	255	210
Central and West African origins	85,735	42,745	42,990	65	35	30
Akan	965	540	425	10	10	0
Angolan	1,635	815	820	0	0	0
Ashanti	1,205	620	585	0	0	0
Beninese	555	280	270	0	0	0
Burkinabe	415	190	225	0	0	0
Cameroonian	4,700	2,330	2,370	15	10	10
Chadian	645	320	325	0	0	0
Congolese	10,425	4,960	5,460	0	0	0
Edo	1,025	545	480	0	0	0
Ewe	180	95	80	0	0	0
Gabonese	170	80	90	0	0	0
Gambian	630	305	330	0	0	0
Ghanaian	24,850	12,060	12,790	10	10	10
Guinean	1,105	550	560	0	0	0
Ibo	1,940	1,035	905	10	10	0
Ivorian	1,350	600	745	0	0	0
Liberian	770	365	405	0	0	0
Malian	490	250	240	0	0	0
Malinké	345	160	185	0	0	0
Nigerian	26,560	13,620	12,940	20	15	10
Peulh	135	80	55	0	0	0
Senegalese	1,000	500	495	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	1,175	585	585	0	10	0
Togolese	670	370	300	10	0	0
Wolof	80	45	35	0	0	0
Yoruba	4,055	2,155	1,900	15	0	10
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	4,745	2,340	2,410	10	0	0
North African origins	86,665	44,970	41,695	30	15	10
Algerian	4,065	2,035	2,030	0	0	0
Berber	1,845	985	860	0	10	0
Coptic	2,305	1,185	1,120	0	0	0
Dinka	205	110	95	0	0	0
Egyptian	52,845	27,465	25,375	15	0	10
Libyan	3,785	2,015	1,760	0	0	0
Maure	290	160	125	0	0	0
Moroccan	12,305	6,310	6,000	10	10	0
Sudanese	8,975	4,600	4,375	0	10	0
Tunisian	2,295	1,210	1,085	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	1,755	920	830	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	128,910	61,680	67,230	80	60	25
Afrikaner	560	285	275	10	0	0
Amhara	720	360	360	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	870	455	415	10	0	10
Burundian	3,105	1,465	1,640	0	0	0
Djiboutian	1,035	460	575	0	0	0
Eritrean	11,870	5,740	6,125	0	10	0
Ethiopian	22,560	10,755	11,800	30	15	10
Harari	475	255	215	0	0	0
Kenyan	5,860	2,780	3,080	0	10	0
Malagasy	430	200	230	0	0	0
Mauritian	3,600	1,830	1,770	0	0	0
Oromo	1,290	610	685	0	0	0
Rwandan	3,215	1,380	1,830	0	0	0
Seychellois	350	140	205	0	0	0
Somali	40,995	19,200	21,795	10	0	0
South African	19,760	9,790	9,970	10	0	0
Tanzanian	2,610	1,300	1,315	0	0	0
Tigrian	770	395	375	0	0	0
Ugandan	2,950	1,445	1,505	0	0	0
Zambian	805	410	395	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	3,425	1,595	1,830	15	10	10
Zulu	440	225	215	0	0	10
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	8,475	3,900	4,570	0	0	10
Other African origins	119,670	57,245	62,420	285	145	140
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	17,380	7,720	9,660	50	25	25
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	103,560	50,150	53,410	240	120	120
Asian origins	3,100,450	1,506,795	1,593,655	615	280	335
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	523,340	265,615	257,730	100	60	40
Afghan	54,535	27,255	27,280	10	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	44,705	23,345	21,360	10	10	0
Armenian	29,675	14,570	15,105	10	0	0
Assyrian	12,075	6,140	5,935	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	4,105	1,995	2,110	0	0	0
Georgian	2,815	1,415	1,395	0	0	0
Hazara	680	390	290	0	0	0
Iranian	117,065	58,995	58,065	20	15	0
Iraqi	50,460	25,420	25,035	10	0	0
Israeli	17,080	8,890	8,185	0	0	0
Jordanian	9,660	5,110	4,545	0	0	0
Kazakh	1,325	610	715	0	0	10
Kurd	9,210	4,880	4,330	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	1,510	795	715	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	340	130	210	0	0	0
Lebanese	86,245	43,700	42,545	40	20	15
Palestinian	28,480	15,215	13,270	0	0	0
Pashtun	3,010	1,635	1,375	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	3,660	1,975	1,685	0	0	0
Syrian	31,440	15,570	15,870	0	0	0
Tajik	1,850	880	970	0	0	0
Tatar	2,135	930	1,205	0	0	0
Turk	34,165	17,340	16,825	15	10	10
Turkmen	695	345	355	0	0	0
Uighur	755	385	375	0	0	0
Uzbek	2,400	1,155	1,240	0	0	0
Yemeni	4,225	2,065	2,155	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	16,270	8,395	7,875	0	0	0
South Asian origins	1,182,845	595,480	587,370	130	65	65
Bangladeshi	29,195	14,965	14,230	20	10	10
Bengali	15,235	7,795	7,445	0	0	0
Bhutanese	1,450	710	735	0	0	0
East Indian	774,500	390,015	384,480	65	35	35
Goan	4,775	2,245	2,525	0	0	0
Gujarati	5,915	3,055	2,860	0	0	0
Kashmiri	1,795	900	895	0	0	0
Nepali	8,150	4,070	4,080	0	0	0
Pakistani	149,060	75,860	73,200	15	10	0
Punjabi	55,455	28,580	26,875	10	0	0
Sinhalese	5,195	2,545	2,645	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	124,270	60,685	63,585	10	0	10
Tamil	42,760	21,705	21,050	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	58,705	29,705	29,005	15	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	1,422,890	659,650	763,245	385	155	225
Burmese	4,420	2,105	2,315	0	0	10
Cambodian (Khmer)	14,655	6,810	7,845	0	0	0
Chinese	849,345	403,280	446,065	115	50	70
Filipino	337,760	144,830	192,930	245	100	145
Hmong	650	340	305	0	0	0
Indonesian	9,325	4,305	5,025	10	0	0
Japanese	41,620	18,530	23,090	15	0	10
Karen	1,645	830	815	0	0	0
Korean	93,420	44,585	48,835	10	0	0
Laotian	9,875	4,865	5,015	0	0	0
Malaysian	7,310	3,370	3,935	10	0	0
Mongolian	2,940	1,390	1,545	0	0	0
Singaporean	1,260	565	700	0	0	0
Taiwanese	10,060	4,595	5,465	0	0	0
Thai	6,865	2,725	4,135	10	0	0
Tibetan	6,365	3,175	3,185	0	0	0
Vietnamese	107,640	51,350	56,290	10	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	4,375	2,165	2,210	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	13,430	6,575	6,855	10	10	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	13,430	6,575	6,855	10	10	0
Oceania origins	20,680	10,435	10,240	15	0	0
Australian	13,315	6,780	6,530	10	0	0
New Zealander	4,250	2,255	2,000	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	3,490	1,625	1,860	0	0	0
Fijian	1,610	665	945	0	0	10
Hawaiian	470	235	240	0	0	0
Maori	485	255	230	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	275	115	165	0	0	0
Samoan	225	140	85	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	555	265	290	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	5,169,175	...	...	9,820	...	...
Owner	3,601,825	...	...	1,960	...	...
Renter	1,559,720	...	...	7,860	...	...
Band housing	7,635	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	5,169,170	...	...	9,820	...	...
Condominium	680,495	...	...	265	...	...
Not condominium	4,488,680	...	...	9,555	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	5,169,175	...	...	9,820	...	...
No bedrooms	33,950	...	...	25	...	...
1 bedroom	699,980	...	...	1,365	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,122,145	...	...	3,835	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,876,905	...	...	3,100	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,436,185	...	...	1,495	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	5,169,170	...	...	9,820	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,369,660	...	...	4,865	...	...
5 rooms	718,020	...	...	2,515	...	...
6 rooms	770,730	...	...	1,435	...	...
7 rooms	713,595	...	...	625	...	...
8 or more rooms	1,597,165	...	...	380	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	5,169,175	...	...	9,820	...	...
One person or fewer per room	5,046,810	...	...	7,650	...	...
More than 1 person per room	122,360	...	...	2,170	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	5,169,175	...	...	9,815	...	...
Suitable	4,858,170	...	...	6,785	...	...
Not suitable	311,005	...	...	3,035	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	5,169,175	...	...	9,820	...	...
1960 or before	1,293,135	...	...	170	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,449,585	...	...	2,150	...	...
1981 to 1990	709,135	...	...	1,995	...	...
1991 to 2000	622,565	...	...	2,095	...	...
2001 to 2005	396,130	...	...	860	...	...
2006 to 2010	368,235	...	...	1,285	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	330,390	...	...	1,260	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	5,169,175	...	...	9,820	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	4,851,335	...	...	7,255	...	...
Major repairs needed	317,840	...	...	2,560	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	5,169,170	...	...	9,820	...	...
1 household maintainer	2,962,065	...	...	6,830	...	...
2 household maintainers	2,059,710	...	...	2,780	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	147,400	...	...	205	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	5,169,175	...	...	9,820	...	...
15 to 24 years	135,835	...	...	400	...	...
25 to 34 years	681,685	...	...	2,480	...	...
35 to 44 years	880,070	...	...	2,370	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,113,885	...	...	2,285	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,047,185	...	...	1,460	...	...
65 to 74 years	738,445	...	...	610	...	...
75 to 84 years	414,210	...	...	180	...	...
85 years and over	157,860	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	5,106,290	...	...	9,810	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	3,694,385	...	...	9,240	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,411,900	...	...	570	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,208,010	...	...	465	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,557,485	...	...	1,955	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	61.0	...	...	60.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	19.8	...	...	7.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,299	...	...	1,497	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,463	...	...	1,700	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	400,496	...	...	300,924	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	506,409	...	...	352,070	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,554,940	...	...	7,860	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	15.0	...	...	83.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	45.7	...	...	5.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,045	...	...	281	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,109	...	...	736	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685	23,935	12,175	11,755
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,935,355	961,690	973,670	12,140	6,175	5,960
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	3,026,100	1,485,320	1,540,770	3,615	1,825	1,785
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,076,985	2,895,745	3,181,235	8,175	4,170	4,010
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	664,180	471,055	193,120	1,840	1,450	385
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	324,370	199,510	124,855	1,140	835	305
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	339,810	271,545	68,260	695	615	80
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	2,298,715	981,785	1,316,930	3,580	1,530	2,050
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	242,005	107,065	134,945	215	95	125
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	2,872,085	1,335,845	1,536,250	2,545	1,095	1,445
Bachelor's degree	1,911,530	854,135	1,057,395	1,680	710	970
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	189,370	83,670	105,695	90	45	45
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	79,760	42,295	37,460	25	10	15
Master's degree	593,645	294,180	299,470	700	305	395
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	97,790	61,560	36,230	50	25	20
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	7,229,120	3,498,620	3,730,495	16,485	8,395	8,090
No certificate, diploma or degree	752,995	404,770	348,225	6,750	3,435	3,315
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	1,768,955	895,020	873,935	2,405	1,265	1,140
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,707,165	2,198,830	2,508,335	7,325	3,690	3,635
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	446,390	315,975	130,420	1,595	1,255	335
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	218,980	134,685	84,295	995	725	265
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	227,410	181,290	46,120	600	530	70
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	1,782,530	762,505	1,020,030	3,185	1,345	1,840
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	170,925	75,935	94,995	200	85	115
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	2,307,320	1,044,420	1,262,895	2,355	1,005	1,345
Bachelor's degree	1,519,850	668,450	851,400	1,545	645	895
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	148,960	62,370	86,590	75	40	40
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	63,790	30,895	32,895	25	10	15
Master's degree	500,415	239,160	261,255	665	295	375
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	74,310	43,545	30,765	45	25	20
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685	23,930	12,180	11,755
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	4,961,455	2,447,010	2,514,445	15,755	8,005	7,745
Education	349,745	79,245	270,505	1,005	290	715
13. Education	349,750	79,245	270,505	1,010	295	715
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	246,075	109,955	136,120	195	110	85
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	38,745	28,735	10,010	35	25	0
50. Visual and performing arts	207,325	81,220	126,110	160	85	75
Humanities	359,560	133,350	226,210	370	155	210
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	37,900	8,170	29,730	105	15	85
23. English language and literature/letters	98,440	28,290	70,145	60	15	45
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	95,345	32,940	62,410	75	35	40
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	2,165	805	1,365	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	24,255	13,425	10,830	25	15	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	28,175	17,120	11,055	40	30	10
54. History	57,295	30,015	27,280	60	40	25
55. French language and literature/letters	15,990	2,590	13,400	10	10	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	810,410	269,735	540,670	1,010	320	690
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10,765	2,210	8,560	180	45	135
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	81,500	31,825	49,675	50	25	25
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	141,750	11,775	129,975	310	20	290
22. Legal professions and studies	128,860	45,275	83,590	130	60	70
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	16,210	3,400	12,815	25	0	25
42. Psychology	122,545	29,640	92,905	60	25	35
45. Social sciences	308,775	145,620	163,155	250	140	110
Business, management and public administration	1,279,665	527,085	752,580	1,655	555	1,105
30.16 Accounting and computer science	2,725	895	1,830	10	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	108,935	21,405	87,530	210	55	155
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,168,005	504,780	663,225	1,445	500	950
Physical and life sciences and technologies	253,905	124,050	129,850	210	110	100
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	110,950	45,120	65,835	70	30	35
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	54,745	24,800	29,945	70	35	40
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	3,830	1,190	2,640	10	0	0
40. Physical sciences	72,355	48,145	24,205	30	15	15
41. Science technologies/technicians	12,025	4,795	7,235	40	30	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	290,045	185,310	104,730	175	105	70
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	220,550	150,765	69,790	140	90	50
25. Library science	15,220	2,450	12,770	10	10	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	49,025	28,515	20,515	20	10	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	5,235	3,580	1,655	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	1,173,030	1,055,050	117,985	1,620	1,475	145
04. Architecture and related services	51,845	34,590	17,265	45	30	15
14. Engineering	334,085	271,010	63,070	105	90	15
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	237,775	214,500	23,275	310	255	50
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	160	30	125	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	198,790	194,555	4,235	715	680	40
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	225,860	220,545	5,315	365	350	15
48. Precision production	124,515	119,820	4,695	75	75	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	106,895	67,015	39,880	215	155	60
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	66,035	41,790	24,240	15	10	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	40,860	25,230	15,635	195	150	50
Health and related fields	865,970	173,780	692,185	750	195	560
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	75,715	37,005	38,705	110	65	40
51. Health professions and related programs	767,680	124,280	643,400	645	125	520
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	22,575	12,490	10,075	0	0	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	340,285	170,915	169,375	980	710	270
12. Personal and culinary services	183,925	49,390	134,535	315	110	205
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	2,135	1,815	320	0	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	2,610	2,385	225	0	10	0
43. Security and protective services	98,325	68,625	29,695	160	130	30
49. Transportation and materials moving	53,290	48,695	4,595	505	465	40
Other	1,405	260	1,145	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	1,405	255	1,145	10	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	7,229,120	3,498,625	3,730,500	16,480	8,395	8,090
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	2,521,950	1,299,790	1,222,160	9,155	4,700	4,455
Education	243,635	52,670	190,965	905	260	650
13. Education	243,635	52,670	190,965	905	260	650
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	192,630	85,175	107,450	170	95	75
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	28,705	21,070	7,635	30	25	10
50. Visual and performing arts	163,925	64,105	99,815	140	75	70
Humanities	266,665	95,805	170,855	320	130	190
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	29,210	5,775	23,435	95	15	75
23. English language and literature/letters	73,110	20,225	52,885	60	15	45
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	72,145	24,330	47,815	60	30	40
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	1,665	615	1,045	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	17,755	9,925	7,830	20	10	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	19,390	11,790	7,605	30	25	10
54. History	42,315	21,735	20,585	45	35	20
55. French language and literature/letters	11,075	1,415	9,655	0	10	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	648,285	207,200	441,085	900	280	615
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	8,630	1,785	6,845	140	40	100
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	67,115	26,015	41,105	50	25	25
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	111,550	8,405	103,145	280	20	265
22. Legal professions and studies	108,895	34,250	74,650	120	55	65
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	12,875	2,705	10,170	25	10	20
42. Psychology	93,770	21,045	72,725	55	15	35
45. Social sciences	245,445	113,000	132,445	230	125	105
Business, management and public administration	1,026,975	414,425	612,550	1,510	495	1,015
30.16 Accounting and computer science	2,225	715	1,510	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	88,130	16,590	71,540	190	50	140
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	936,620	397,120	539,500	1,325	450	875
Physical and life sciences and technologies	190,235	88,535	101,700	185	95	90
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	84,580	33,150	51,425	65	30	30
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	41,255	18,020	23,240	65	25	35
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	3,135	975	2,165	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	52,490	33,175	19,310	30	15	15
41. Science technologies/technicians	8,775	3,215	5,555	30	25	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	252,275	162,360	89,915	160	95	65
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	198,775	136,120	62,655	135	85	50
25. Library science	10,755	1,765	8,995	10	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	38,160	21,440	16,720	20	10	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	4,580	3,030	1,550	10	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	878,300	779,075	99,225	1,410	1,285	125
04. Architecture and related services	42,115	27,365	14,745	45	25	15
14. Engineering	266,040	211,240	54,800	100	80	15
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	178,830	160,160	18,675	275	230	45
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	140	25	115	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	141,515	138,160	3,360	635	595	35
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	162,855	158,770	4,080	305	290	10
48. Precision production	86,805	83,355	3,450	60	60	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	82,775	49,710	33,065	190	140	55
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	50,160	30,065	20,095	15	10	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	32,615	19,650	12,965	175	135	45
Health and related fields	664,880	133,665	531,220	690	180	510
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	58,160	27,950	30,205	100	65	35
51. Health professions and related programs	589,085	96,720	492,365	590	115	480
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	17,640	8,990	8,645	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	259,400	129,985	129,415	865	625	245
12. Personal and culinary services	137,250	36,225	101,030	280	100	185
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	1,685	1,405	280	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	1,415	1,270	145	0	10	0
43. Security and protective services	77,190	52,840	24,345	140	115	30
49. Transportation and materials moving	41,855	38,245	3,610	445	410	35
Other	1,125	220	900	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	1,125	225	900	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685	23,930	12,175	11,755
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,961,460	2,447,010	2,514,445	15,755	8,005	7,745
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	6,076,985	2,895,745	3,181,240	8,175	4,170	4,010
Location of study inside Canada	4,786,950	2,261,260	2,525,690	7,645	3,900	3,745
Same as province or territory of residence	4,414,485	2,081,525	2,332,960	3,330	1,485	1,850
Different than province or territory of residence	372,470	179,735	192,730	4,310	2,415	1,895
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	1,290,035	634,485	655,545	535	270	265
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	167,260	89,350	77,910	120	60	55
Philippines	115,410	39,750	75,655	135	45	85
India	169,340	85,500	83,840	20	10	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	115,690	66,215	49,470	70	40	30
China^{Census data footnote 162}	98,415	46,230	52,185	10	0	0
France	10,775	5,800	4,975	10	0	0
Other	613,145	301,635	311,510	180	105	75
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	7,229,120	3,498,620	3,730,500	16,480	8,395	8,090
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,521,955	1,299,795	1,222,160	9,155	4,700	4,455
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	4,707,170	2,198,830	2,508,335	7,325	3,690	3,635
Location of study inside Canada	3,713,145	1,728,610	1,984,540	6,840	3,445	3,390
Same as province or territory of residence	3,432,015	1,593,170	1,838,850	2,975	1,290	1,680
Different than province or territory of residence	281,130	135,440	145,690	3,860	2,150	1,710
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	994,025	470,225	523,800	490	245	240
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	127,005	65,045	61,960	105	55	45
Philippines	97,230	32,925	64,300	120	40	80
India	143,205	70,040	73,175	20	10	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	62,325	34,315	28,010	60	35	25
China^{Census data footnote 162}	82,020	37,900	44,125	10	0	0
France	8,705	4,630	4,070	0	0	0
Other	473,530	225,365	248,160	170	95	75
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,680	23,935	12,180	11,755
In the labour force	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,055	16,340	8,515	7,820
Employed	6,612,150	3,414,255	3,197,895	12,820	6,430	6,395
Unemployed	529,525	275,370	254,160	3,515	2,090	1,425
Not in the labour force	3,896,765	1,653,130	2,243,630	7,590	3,660	3,935
Participation rate	64.7	69.1	60.6	68.3	69.9	66.5
Employment rate	59.9	63.9	56.1	53.6	52.8	54.4
Unemployment rate	7.4	7.5	7.4	21.5	24.5	18.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685	23,935	12,175	11,755
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	3,696,235	1,561,475	2,134,755	7,420	3,600	3,815
Worked	7,342,205	3,781,280	3,560,925	16,515	8,575	7,935
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	3,837,565	2,148,635	1,688,935	7,760	4,035	3,720
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	3,504,645	1,632,645	1,871,995	8,755	4,540	4,215
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.9	43.4	42.3	38.0	37.6	38.4
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,055	16,335	8,520	7,825
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	171,050	81,735	89,315	1,385	740	650
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735	14,955	7,780	7,170
Employee	6,146,035	3,084,740	3,061,295	14,505	7,485	7,020
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	824,595	523,145	301,445	445	295	150
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,050	16,340	8,515	7,825
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	171,045	81,735	89,315	1,390	735	650
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735	14,955	7,780	7,170
0 Management occupations	790,880	483,240	307,635	1,400	850	550
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,124,770	357,215	767,555	2,205	610	1,590
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	516,110	399,195	116,915	455	355	100
3 Health occupations	447,045	90,495	356,550	450	65	385
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	831,340	265,075	566,265	3,310	1,045	2,265
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	225,720	104,445	121,275	570	285	285
6 Sales and service occupations	1,632,085	709,375	922,710	3,505	1,690	1,815
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	927,820	866,870	60,950	2,565	2,435	130
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	113,405	88,150	25,260	300	275	15
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	361,455	243,835	117,620	205	165	45
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,050	16,340	8,515	7,820
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	171,050	81,730	89,315	1,385	735	650
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735	14,955	7,780	7,175
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	102,070	67,005	35,070	155	145	15
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	32,340	27,920	4,415	595	440	160
22 Utilities	50,820	38,195	12,630	285	240	40
23 Construction	476,835	419,600	57,230	930	815	115
31-33 Manufacturing	683,335	482,800	200,530	150	100	50
41 Wholesale trade	270,745	178,945	91,800	105	80	25
44-45 Retail trade	783,540	367,175	416,365	1,720	835	885
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	329,240	242,045	87,190	795	625	175
51 Information and cultural industries	176,715	101,045	75,670	195	110	85
52 Finance and insurance	380,765	169,590	211,180	115	30	75
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	144,275	77,385	66,890	495	335	165
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	567,825	316,685	251,140	290	155	135
55 Management of companies and enterprises	12,365	5,290	7,075	10	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	338,640	190,210	148,430	385	245	135
61 Educational services	528,470	163,680	364,795	1,840	520	1,315
62 Health care and social assistance	754,555	134,270	620,275	1,245	220	1,030
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	147,425	75,330	72,095	285	175	110
72 Accommodation and food services	478,070	201,260	276,805	565	220	345
81 Other services (except public administration)	296,960	133,220	163,745	460	255	205
91 Public administration	415,635	216,250	199,385	4,345	2,240	2,105
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	6,612,150	3,414,255	3,197,900	12,820	6,425	6,395
Worked at home	480,290	242,495	237,795	385	215	170
Worked outside Canada	39,145	25,995	13,150	10	0	0
No fixed workplace address	736,715	536,140	200,570	945	815	135
Worked at usual place	5,355,995	2,609,620	2,746,375	11,485	5,395	6,090
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	5,356,000	2,609,625	2,746,375	11,485	5,395	6,090
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,109,070	1,418,260	1,690,810	11,050	5,110	5,940
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	857,565	419,960	437,605	350	235	120
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,350,375	749,770	600,605	30	20	10
Commute to a different province or territory	38,990	21,630	17,355	50	35	20
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	6,092,710	3,145,765	2,946,945	12,430	6,210	6,225
Car, truck, van - as a driver	4,375,215	2,392,270	1,982,945	3,605	2,135	1,470
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	372,480	151,880	220,600	2,225	1,045	1,175
Public transit	888,920	376,690	512,235	105	50	50
Walked	320,015	143,885	176,130	5,495	2,395	3,100
Bicycle	75,460	50,200	25,260	20	15	10
Other method	60,620	30,835	29,785	995	565	430
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	6,092,715	3,145,765	2,946,950	12,430	6,210	6,225
Less than 15 minutes	1,463,845	675,540	788,310	10,585	5,255	5,330
15 to 29 minutes	1,964,690	991,525	973,165	1,330	625	705
30 to 44 minutes	1,295,375	706,155	589,225	145	60	80
45 to 59 minutes	612,415	336,090	276,325	60	45	20
60 minutes and over	756,385	436,455	319,930	315	230	85
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	6,092,715	3,145,765	2,946,950	12,430	6,210	6,220
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	413,515	296,265	117,245	135	110	25
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,039,255	640,810	398,445	580	425	160
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,571,230	778,100	793,130	2,060	1,365	690
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,354,870	577,565	777,310	6,595	2,860	3,735
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	740,330	328,410	411,920	1,545	765	780
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	973,515	524,620	448,895	1,510	685	830
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	7,579,085	3,895,880	3,683,200	17,000	8,780	8,215
Single responses	7,434,675	3,828,665	3,606,015	16,715	8,635	8,080
Official languages	7,319,360	3,767,405	3,551,955	12,215	6,465	5,745
English	7,225,210	3,732,550	3,492,655	12,145	6,430	5,710
French	94,145	34,850	59,295	70	40	35
Non-official languages	115,320	61,255	54,060	4,500	2,170	2,330
Aboriginal languages	1,485	765	715	4,475	2,155	2,320
Algonquian languages	1,420	745	675	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	370	220	150	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	10	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	360	215	145	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,050	525	525	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	495	235	265	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	545	290	260	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	25	0	20	4,475	2,160	2,320
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	25	10	20
Inuktitut	25	10	20	4,450	2,155	2,300
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	25	10	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mohawk	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	113,835	60,490	53,340	15	0	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,305	1,995	1,310	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	125	45	80	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	15	10	10	0	0	0
Somali	110	35	70	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	3,175	1,955	1,225	0	0	0
Amharic	75	30	45	0	0	0
Arabic	2,430	1,605	825	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	145	110	40	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	35	20	15	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	395	140	260	0	0	0
Maltese	20	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	60	30	25	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,575	1,065	1,510	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	95	50	50	0	0	0
Vietnamese	2,480	1,015	1,465	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,280	495	790	10	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	25	10	15	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	40	20	20	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	55	20	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,145	435	705	0	0	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	60	35	30	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	15	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	50	25	20	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	1,980	945	1,035	0	0	0
Kannada	10	0	10	0	0	0
Malayalam	75	45	30	0	0	0
Tamil	1,870	900	975	0	0	0
Telugu	35	10	20	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	38,960	21,375	17,580	0	0	0
Albanian	275	170	105	0	0	0
Armenian	145	75	75	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	6,655	3,165	3,495	0	0	0
Baltic languages	70	25	40	0	0	0
Latvian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	45	20	25	0	0	0
Slavic languages	6,595	3,135	3,455	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	100	55	40	0	0	0
Bulgarian	120	85	40	0	0	0
Croatian	155	100	50	0	0	0
Czech	25	20	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	85	35	45	0	0	0
Polish	1,925	960	960	0	0	0
Russian	2,905	1,240	1,670	0	0	0
Serbian	390	240	145	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Slovak	55	40	20	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0	10	0	0	0
Ukrainian	780	320	460	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	6,905	3,655	3,250	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	30	15	20	0	0	0
Dutch	790	425	365	0	0	0
Frisian	25	20	10	0	0	0
German	5,690	3,005	2,690	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	10	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	30	10	20	0	0	0
Swedish	55	15	35	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	20	0	20	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	240	155	80	0	0	0
Greek	405	240	165	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	11,880	6,560	5,315	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	9,205	4,900	4,310	0	0	0
Bengali	335	160	170	0	0	0
Gujarati	730	255	475	0	0	0
Hindi	800	380	415	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	30	10	20	0	0	0
Nepali	80	30	50	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	6,025	3,480	2,550	0	0	0
Sindhi	20	10	15	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	15	10	0	0	0
Urdu	1,150	555	600	0	0	0
Iranian languages	2,660	1,655	1,005	0	0	0
Kurdish	105	95	15	0	0	0
Pashto	20	10	15	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	2,530	1,555	975	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	12,680	7,505	5,170	0	0	0
Catalan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Italian	945	505	445	0	0	0
Portuguese	5,815	3,865	1,950	0	10	0
Romanian	300	140	160	0	0	0
Spanish	5,590	2,985	2,605	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	1,010	360	655	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Georgian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Korean	4,945	2,505	2,445	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	120	55	65	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	20	0	20	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ganda	25	15	15	0	0	0
Igbo	10	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	0	10	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	20	10	0	0	0	0
Wolof	10	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	20	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	810	295	515	0	10	10
American Sign Language	575	170	410	0	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	225	130	100	10	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	57,620	30,735	26,890	0	0	0
Chinese languages	57,535	30,690	26,840	0	0	0
Cantonese	26,955	14,190	12,770	0	0	0
Hakka	30	10	25	0	0	0
Mandarin	29,090	15,730	13,360	0	0	0
Min Dong	30	15	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	250	155	90	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	35	20	10	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,145	565	580	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	90	50	45	0	0	0
Burmese	10	10	10	0	0	0
Karenic languages	30	10	20	0	0	0
Tibetan	45	30	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	235	95	145	0	0	0
Lao	80	40	35	0	0	0
Thai	160	55	105	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	465	315	150	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	15	15	0	0	0	0
Turkish	440	295	140	0	0	0
Uyghur	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	10	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	420	205	220	0	0	0
Estonian	45	10	35	0	0	0
Finnish	75	25	50	0	0	0
Hungarian	295	165	130	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	144,405	67,215	77,185	285	145	140
English and French	63,665	26,760	36,900	15	10	10
English and non-official language	78,240	39,330	38,910	270	135	135
French and non-official language	175	75	100	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	2,325	1,055	1,270	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	7,579,080	3,895,880	3,683,200	17,000	8,780	8,220
None	6,975,415	3,605,485	3,369,930	7,360	4,060	3,295
English	109,150	48,930	60,220	3,665	1,705	1,960
French	260,050	118,655	141,395	355	210	140
Non-official language	226,490	119,130	107,360	5,560	2,770	2,785
Aboriginal	5,970	2,480	3,490	5,520	2,760	2,765
Non-Aboriginal	220,520	116,650	103,870	40	10	25
English and French	245	100	150	10	10	0
English and non-official language	1,620	780	845	0	0	0
French and non-official language	6,080	2,780	3,300	55	25	30
English, French and non-official language	35	25	10	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	13,106,990	6,403,470	6,703,520	34,880	17,750	17,125
Non-movers	11,475,985	5,603,290	5,872,695	29,485	15,105	14,375
Movers	1,631,005	800,180	830,820	5,400	2,640	2,750
Non-migrants	941,380	460,170	481,210	3,560	1,760	1,800
Migrants	689,625	340,015	349,610	1,835	885	955
Internal migrants	535,180	263,055	272,120	1,785	865	925
Intraprovincial migrants	467,890	229,080	238,810	795	380	415
Interprovincial migrants	67,290	33,980	33,315	990	480	510
External migrants	154,445	76,955	77,490	50	20	30
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	12,546,040	6,116,715	6,429,325	31,435	16,015	15,420
Non-movers	7,887,825	3,845,945	4,041,880	18,455	9,575	8,880
Movers	4,658,215	2,270,770	2,387,445	12,975	6,440	6,535
Non-migrants	2,545,875	1,238,055	1,307,820	8,745	4,355	4,395
Migrants	2,112,340	1,032,710	1,079,630	4,235	2,085	2,150
Internal migrants	1,562,375	761,630	800,740	4,045	2,005	2,040
Intraprovincial migrants	1,380,900	672,540	708,360	1,510	755	755
Interprovincial migrants	181,480	89,090	92,390	2,535	1,250	1,285
External migrants	549,965	271,080	278,885	185	80	105

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Ontario [Province] and Nunavut [Territory] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 24, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Ontario [Province] and Nunavut [Territory]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Ontario [Province] and Nunavut [Territory]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Ontario [Province] and Nunavut [Territory]