Census Profile, 2016 Census
Manitoba [Province] and Alberta [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Manitoba [Province]			Alberta [Province]
	Data quality , Manitoba [Province] Map : Manitoba [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : Alberta [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	1,278,365	...	...	4,067,175	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	1,208,268	...	...	3,645,257	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	5.8	...	...	11.6	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	539,748	...	...	1,654,129	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	489,050	...	...	1,527,678	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2.3	...	...	6.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	552,370.99	...	...	640,330.46	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	1,278,365	631,400	646,970	4,067,175	2,039,410	2,027,765
0 to 14 years	243,820	125,110	118,710	779,155	399,570	379,580
0 to 4 years	81,065	41,710	39,355	266,515	136,520	129,995
5 to 9 years	83,375	42,565	40,805	270,715	138,990	131,725
10 to 14 years	79,380	40,835	38,545	241,920	124,060	117,860
15 to 64 years	835,580	417,260	418,320	2,787,805	1,408,150	1,379,655
15 to 19 years	82,440	42,555	39,890	240,035	123,625	116,410
20 to 24 years	86,760	44,465	42,295	261,830	133,990	127,840
25 to 29 years	86,695	43,570	43,125	310,940	156,715	154,225
30 to 34 years	85,185	42,210	42,975	333,175	167,555	165,620
35 to 39 years	81,105	39,885	41,215	305,505	153,655	151,850
40 to 44 years	79,325	39,530	39,795	281,205	142,545	138,660
45 to 49 years	79,350	39,220	40,130	269,030	135,855	133,180
50 to 54 years	89,840	44,485	45,355	284,310	142,205	142,100
55 to 59 years	87,765	43,555	44,210	275,540	138,565	136,970
60 to 64 years	77,110	37,780	39,325	226,230	113,440	112,790
65 years and over	198,965	89,025	109,945	500,215	231,690	268,530
65 to 69 years	64,905	31,280	33,625	173,680	85,500	88,180
70 to 74 years	45,980	21,940	24,040	117,035	56,430	60,610
75 to 79 years	33,555	15,250	18,305	83,955	39,105	44,845
80 to 84 years	25,315	10,740	14,575	62,165	27,590	34,575
85 years and over	29,210	9,810	19,395	63,385	23,065	40,320
85 to 89 years	17,335	6,460	10,875	39,965	16,050	23,915
90 to 94 years	8,945	2,710	6,230	18,025	5,755	12,275
95 to 99 years	2,520	580	1,940	4,735	1,145	3,595
100 years and over	415	60	350	650	115	535
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.1	19.8	18.3	19.2	19.6	18.7
15 to 64 years	65.4	66.1	64.7	68.5	69.0	68.0
65 years and over	15.6	14.1	17.0	12.3	11.4	13.2
85 years and over	2.3	1.6	3.0	1.6	1.1	2.0
Average age of the population	39.2	38.2	40.2	37.8	37.2	38.4
Median age of the population	38.3	37.2	39.4	36.7	36.2	37.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	489,050	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Single-detached house	331,420	...	...	946,225	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	39,080	...	...	62,395	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	108,120	...	...	471,090	...	...
Semi-detached house	15,865	...	...	86,765	...	...
Row house	17,225	...	...	116,625	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	7,065	...	...	43,090	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	67,205	...	...	223,360	...	...
Other single-attached house	755	...	...	1,245	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	10,435	...	...	47,970	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	489,050	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
1 person	135,500	...	...	366,080	...	...
2 persons	164,880	...	...	524,415	...	...
3 persons	71,065	...	...	245,075	...	...
4 persons	66,675	...	...	233,770	...	...
5 or more persons	50,930	...	...	158,335	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,240,700	...	...	3,978,145	...	...
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	1,034,545	506,280	528,260	3,288,020	1,639,835	1,648,185
Married or living common law	593,615	297,280	296,335	1,969,300	988,410	980,895
Married	503,390	252,210	251,175	1,648,945	828,155	820,790
Living common law	90,230	45,075	45,155	320,350	160,250	160,100
Not married and not living common law	440,925	209,000	231,930	1,318,720	651,430	667,290
Never married	300,415	162,440	137,980	905,700	505,310	400,390
Separated	24,845	11,080	13,765	76,150	34,000	42,150
Divorced	54,860	22,780	32,080	195,850	82,040	113,815
Widowed	60,805	12,700	48,100	141,020	30,080	110,940
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	346,160	...	...	1,114,585	...	...
2 persons	171,435	...	...	540,850	...	...
3 persons	71,630	...	...	235,245	...	...
4 persons	65,500	...	...	227,165	...	...
5 or more persons	37,600	...	...	111,330	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	346,160	...	...	1,114,585	...	...
Total couple families	287,200	...	...	953,325	...	...
Married couples	242,100	...	...	793,195	...	...
Common-law couples	45,100	...	...	160,130	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	58,960	...	...	161,260	...	...
Female parent	45,930	...	...	123,490	...	...
Male parent	13,025	...	...	37,770	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	287,205	...	...	953,325	...	...
Couples without children	137,135	...	...	443,665	...	...
Couples with children	150,070	...	...	509,655	...	...
1 child	55,730	...	...	190,010	...	...
2 children	59,965	...	...	213,910	...	...
3 or more children	34,375	...	...	105,735	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	58,960	...	...	161,260	...	...
1 child	34,305	...	...	97,180	...	...
2 children	15,895	...	...	45,235	...	...
3 or more children	8,765	...	...	18,845	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	212,415	104,435	107,980	678,535	356,875	321,655
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	489,050	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
One-census-family households	323,125	...	...	1,039,985	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	130,475	...	...	414,570	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	192,650	...	...	625,415	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	11,110	...	...	36,120	...	...
Non-census-family households	154,815	...	...	451,570	...	...
One-person households	135,495	...	...	366,080	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	19,315	...	...	85,490	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	1,261,620	624,095	637,520	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
English only	1,135,395	566,980	568,410	3,698,765	1,869,670	1,829,095
French only	1,485	680	800	3,895	1,725	2,165
English and French	108,460	49,205	59,255	264,720	124,400	140,315
Neither English nor French	16,285	7,235	9,050	59,280	24,715	34,565
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	1,261,620	624,100	637,520	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
English	1,203,025	596,475	606,550	3,880,685	1,950,980	1,929,705
French	39,200	18,880	20,325	71,535	37,205	34,330
English and French	3,545	1,755	1,790	16,605	8,350	8,255
Neither English nor French	15,840	6,985	8,860	57,830	23,970	33,860
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	40,975	19,760	21,215	79,840	41,380	38,455
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	3.2	3.2	3.3	2.0	2.0	1.9
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	1,261,620	624,095	637,520	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
Single responses	1,230,115	608,820	621,300	3,934,580	1,975,615	1,958,970
Official languages	941,130	468,430	472,705	3,063,640	1,552,475	1,511,165
English	900,610	448,960	451,645	2,991,485	1,515,025	1,476,460
French	40,520	19,465	21,055	72,150	37,450	34,705
Non-official languages	288,985	140,395	148,590	870,940	423,140	447,805
Aboriginal languages	29,710	14,265	15,440	23,835	11,290	12,550
Algonquian languages	28,070	13,505	14,565	18,295	8,665	9,630
Blackfoot	5	0	5	2,750	1,305	1,445
Cree-Montagnais languages	14,820	7,085	7,740	14,960	7,105	7,850
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	5	0	0	0	5	0
Moose Cree	0	0	5	10	0	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	30	5	20	50	15	35
Plains Cree	70	25	40	720	280	435
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	745	305	440	50	20	35
Woods Cree	65	20	40	910	430	480
Cree, n.o.s.	13,915	6,725	7,195	13,220	6,355	6,865
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	5	5	30	15	15
Malecite	0	5	0	0	5	0
Mi'kmaq	10	5	0	35	20	15
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	13,235	6,410	6,825	550	235	315
Algonquin	0	0	0	5	0	5
Ojibway	6,730	3,180	3,550	525	230	300
Oji-Cree	6,505	3,235	3,265	15	5	15
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Athabaskan languages	815	375	445	1,865	865	1,000
Northern Athabaskan languages	815	380	440	1,855	860	990
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	35	15	15
Carrier	0	0	0	15	0	15
Chilcotin	0	0	0	5	0	0
Dene	810	375	435	1,470	710	760
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	40	10	30
Gwich'in	0	0	0	15	5	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	70	20	45
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	200	90	115
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	10	5	10
South Slavey	0	0	0	155	70	80
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	0	35	15	25
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	10	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	80	20	60	120	35	85
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	0	0	25	5	10
Inuktitut	65	20	45	60	20	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	35	10	30
Iroquoian languages	0	0	5	10	10	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	5	0	0	5	5	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0	5	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	5	0	0
Michif	80	40	40	80	45	35
Salish languages	0	0	0	15	5	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	5	5
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	5	0	0
Straits	0	0	5	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Siouan languages	630	305	330	3,370	1,630	1,745
Dakota	630	305	325	350	165	185
Stoney	0	0	0	3,020	1,460	1,555
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	15	5	5
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	5	0	0	5	5	5
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	5	5	0	0	0	5
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	15	10	5	55	30	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	259,280	126,130	133,155	847,105	411,850	435,255
Afro-Asiatic languages	10,700	5,580	5,120	68,415	36,215	32,200
Berber languages	40	25	15	340	190	145
Kabyle	35	15	10	165	90	75
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	175	100	75
Cushitic languages	1,750	875	875	12,525	6,495	6,030
Bilen	155	85	70	315	185	130
Oromo	345	175	170	2,650	1,375	1,275
Somali	1,245	610	640	9,520	4,915	4,605
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	40	20	20
Semitic languages	8,840	4,640	4,200	55,425	29,450	25,980
Amharic	1,770	885	885	7,320	3,605	3,720
Arabic	4,695	2,500	2,190	40,540	21,840	18,705
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	400	210	190
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	145	80	65
Harari	0	0	0	260	135	120
Hebrew	545	320	225	960	505	460
Maltese	40	20	25	75	30	40
Tigrigna	1,770	905	865	5,415	2,880	2,535
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	305	155	145
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	65	35	30	130	80	50
Austro-Asiatic languages	4,180	1,970	2,205	25,295	11,760	13,535
Khmer (Cambodian)	280	135	145	1,925	910	1,010
Vietnamese	3,895	1,840	2,060	23,350	10,840	12,505
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	25	10	15
Austronesian languages	52,905	24,685	28,220	115,405	50,190	65,210
Bikol	175	80	95	425	205	225
Cebuano	1,245	565	675	5,135	2,155	2,980
Fijian	35	15	15	125	75	50
Hiligaynon	390	170	220	1,500	640	855
Ilocano	1,365	630	730	5,350	2,310	3,040
Malagasy	0	0	5	35	10	25
Malay	175	65	105	1,460	615	845
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	655	315	340	765	370	390
Pangasinan	135	65	70	290	115	175
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	48,530	22,670	25,855	99,035	43,120	55,920
Waray-Waray	50	30	25	305	145	160
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	150	70	85	980	430	550
Creole languages	570	275	305	1,895	990	910
Haitian Creole	20	10	10	95	45	50
Creole, n.o.s.	290	140	145	1,175	640	540
Creole languages, n.i.e.	265	120	145	625	305	325
Dravidian languages	1,565	825	735	13,490	7,075	6,415
Kannada	95	50	40	535	270	265
Malayalam	790	410	380	6,345	3,285	3,060
Tamil	480	255	230	4,430	2,360	2,070
Telugu	195	115	80	2,130	1,135	995
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	50	25	25
Hmong-Mien languages	5	0	0	105	55	45
Indo-European languages	158,350	77,605	80,750	442,685	220,330	222,355
Albanian	350	170	180	2,345	1,270	1,075
Armenian	65	35	30	500	250	245
Balto-Slavic languages	34,450	15,845	18,605	80,330	37,750	42,580
Baltic languages	165	65	95	1,010	475	535
Latvian	80	35	45	415	195	220
Lithuanian	85	35	45	600	285	315
Slavic languages	34,280	15,775	18,510	79,325	37,275	42,050
Belarusan	40	20	25	65	30	30
Bosnian	575	285	290	1,835	915	920
Bulgarian	140	70	65	1,545	790	755
Croatian	1,030	505	530	4,655	2,340	2,320
Czech	615	310	310	3,000	1,430	1,575
Macedonian	145	70	75	360	185	175
Polish	6,455	2,905	3,545	20,130	9,425	10,705
Russian	9,130	4,495	4,640	17,810	8,150	9,665
Serbian	655	335	320	4,020	2,035	1,985
Serbo-Croatian	240	110	130	970	480	485
Slovak	405	175	225	2,185	1,070	1,115
Slovene (Slovenian)	270	130	140	695	320	370
Ukrainian	14,505	6,325	8,180	21,835	9,985	11,850
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	75	40	30	215	120	100
Celtic languages	115	60	55	370	200	170
Scottish Gaelic	50	25	20	135	70	65
Welsh	60	30	30	175	85	80
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	65	40	25
Germanic languages	68,670	33,310	35,360	104,260	51,525	52,735
Afrikaans	420	220	205	3,010	1,475	1,535
Danish	280	145	135	2,380	1,245	1,135
Dutch	2,675	1,335	1,335	16,135	8,095	8,045
Frisian	55	30	25	360	200	160
German	63,825	30,940	32,890	80,050	39,435	40,615
Icelandic	475	210	260	115	55	60
Norwegian	115	45	65	815	370	445
Swedish	135	70	70	875	405	470
Vlaams (Flemish)	310	125	180	320	150	170
Yiddish	355	175	180	140	70	70
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	55	30	25
Greek	1,285	665	615	3,130	1,655	1,475
Indo-Iranian languages	32,325	17,135	15,195	166,805	85,250	81,560
Indo-Aryan languages	29,520	15,700	13,820	145,900	74,320	71,580
Bengali	1,170	675	495	7,000	3,630	3,370
Gujarati	3,115	1,660	1,455	13,140	6,785	6,355
Hindi	2,270	1,215	1,060	17,055	8,675	8,385
Kashmiri	5	5	5	105	60	50
Konkani	35	20	15	370	190	185
Marathi	135	80	50	1,510	775	730
Nepali	720	355	365	5,175	2,690	2,490
Oriya (Odia)	10	5	5	190	100	90
Punjabi (Panjabi)	18,320	9,650	8,670	68,695	34,935	33,760
Sindhi	60	30	30	2,770	1,300	1,475
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	670	345	320	2,590	1,320	1,265
Urdu	3,015	1,655	1,355	27,295	13,865	13,430
Iranian languages	2,705	1,365	1,335	19,600	10,235	9,365
Kurdish	415	210	200	1,550	845	705
Pashto	275	130	150	2,560	1,320	1,235
Persian (Farsi)	2,020	1,030	990	15,490	8,070	7,425
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	100	60	40	1,310	695	615
Italic (Romance) languages	21,100	10,385	10,710	84,940	42,425	42,515
Catalan	0	0	5	75	30	45
Italian	3,840	1,910	1,930	11,375	5,760	5,615
Portuguese	6,585	3,190	3,390	9,050	4,380	4,670
Romanian	645	310	335	8,035	4,080	3,955
Spanish	10,005	4,965	5,040	56,370	28,160	28,205
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	35	20	15
Japanese	540	185	350	4,875	1,715	3,160
Kartvelian languages	15	10	10	230	130	105
Georgian	15	5	5	230	130	100
Korean	3,760	1,810	1,950	17,920	8,485	9,435
Mongolic languages	20	5	15	545	255	290
Mongolian	20	5	15	540	255	290
Niger-Congo languages	3,895	1,965	1,930	15,360	7,870	7,495
Akan (Twi)	150	90	65	1,755	915	835
Bamanankan	75	25	45	35	20	15
Edo	40	20	15	275	155	120
Ewe	30	20	10	245	145	100
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	65	35	30	230	120	100
Ga	15	10	5	145	80	65
Ganda	50	20	30	280	145	135
Igbo	280	155	130	1,165	625	540
Lingala	75	30	40	270	130	140
Rundi (Kirundi)	135	60	65	605	305	295
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	250	125	120	805	405	400
Shona	110	50	60	1,100	545	555
Swahili	870	420	455	2,380	1,160	1,215
Wolof	75	50	25	280	165	110
Yoruba	1,030	525	505	2,435	1,305	1,125
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	640	315	325	3,370	1,640	1,735
Nilo-Saharan languages	395	215	180	2,720	1,395	1,330
Dinka	175	90	80	1,345	705	640
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	225	125	100	1,375	685	690
Sign languages	440	230	210	830	440	390
American Sign Language	240	125	115	335	165	165
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	195	100	95	495	275	225
Sino-Tibetan languages	18,880	9,320	9,565	122,450	57,740	64,705
Chinese languages	18,305	9,025	9,280	120,375	56,675	63,700
Cantonese	6,625	3,140	3,485	59,145	27,755	31,385
Hakka	55	30	25	990	465	530
Mandarin	10,170	5,110	5,060	50,660	23,940	26,720
Min Dong	5	5	0	115	50	65
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	325	150	165	3,060	1,375	1,695
Wu (Shanghainese)	110	55	50	630	305	330
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,010	530	475	5,725	2,770	2,955
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	40	15	25
Tibeto-Burman languages	575	295	285	2,075	1,065	1,005
Burmese	85	50	30	430	230	200
Karenic languages	430	215	220	795	415	380
Tibetan	10	5	5	575	295	275
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	55	20	35	275	130	140
Tai-Kadai languages	1,120	525	595	2,670	955	1,710
Lao	875	445	430	1,020	485	535
Thai	240	85	165	1,630	465	1,165
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	20	10	15
Turkic languages	340	190	150	4,050	2,250	1,800
Azerbaijani	30	20	15	365	215	155
Turkish	210	120	95	3,140	1,760	1,375
Uyghur	10	5	10	130	70	60
Uzbek	40	25	15	205	115	90
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	40	25	20	215	95	120
Uralic languages	1,440	655	790	7,470	3,600	3,870
Estonian	30	10	15	190	90	105
Finnish	225	85	135	810	330	480
Hungarian	1,185	550	635	6,470	3,185	3,285
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	155	85	70	690	415	280
Multiple responses	31,505	15,280	16,220	92,070	44,900	47,175
English and French	4,365	2,140	2,230	10,230	4,950	5,280
English and non-official language	25,965	12,530	13,440	77,520	37,815	39,705
French and non-official language	695	380	315	2,685	1,375	1,305
English, French and non-official language	470	230	245	1,640	760	880
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	1,261,620	624,100	637,520	4,026,655	2,020,510	2,006,145
Single responses	1,197,145	593,020	604,120	3,837,615	1,928,230	1,909,385
Official languages	1,052,345	521,280	531,065	3,354,885	1,690,490	1,664,395
English	1,035,475	513,465	522,010	3,327,255	1,676,360	1,650,895
French	16,865	7,815	9,055	27,630	14,130	13,500
Non-official languages	144,800	71,740	73,060	482,725	237,740	244,990
Aboriginal languages	15,770	8,020	7,750	9,970	4,940	5,020
Algonquian languages	15,070	7,675	7,390	7,175	3,575	3,605
Blackfoot	0	0	0	1,110	555	555
Cree-Montagnais languages	7,570	3,860	3,715	5,875	2,925	2,945
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	10	5	0	20	10	10
Plains Cree	10	5	5	125	60	60
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	120	45	75	5	0	5
Woods Cree	15	10	5	600	300	295
Cree, n.o.s.	7,415	3,790	3,620	5,120	2,540	2,575
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	7,495	3,820	3,675	190	95	95
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	2,505	1,280	1,225	185	90	95
Oji-Cree	4,990	2,545	2,455	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	635	305	330	620	320	300
Northern Athabaskan languages	635	305	330	620	325	300
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	10	5	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	630	305	330	540	280	260
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	5	0	5
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	60	35	30
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	55	30	25
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	15	5	10	10	0	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuktitut	10	5	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	5	0	5
Iroquoian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	5	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	5	10	10	5	5
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	35	25	10	2,125	1,025	1,095
Dakota	35	25	10	175	85	85
Stoney	0	0	0	1,945	935	1,010
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	129,035	63,725	65,310	472,760	232,800	239,965
Afro-Asiatic languages	6,875	3,475	3,400	43,770	22,535	21,235
Berber languages	20	15	5	200	105	95
Kabyle	15	10	0	90	45	40
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	5	5	105	60	45
Cushitic languages	1,185	550	630	9,220	4,750	4,470
Bilen	120	65	55	280	160	115
Oromo	210	95	115	2,075	1,060	1,015
Somali	845	385	460	6,850	3,520	3,325
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	10	0	15	5	10
Semitic languages	5,650	2,895	2,750	34,310	17,660	16,655
Amharic	1,045	520	525	4,915	2,390	2,530
Arabic	3,105	1,600	1,505	24,230	12,555	11,675
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	260	130	130
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	95	50	40
Harari	0	0	0	165	80	85
Hebrew	355	195	160	460	235	225
Maltese	10	5	5	15	10	10
Tigrigna	1,135	580	555	3,955	2,095	1,860
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	210	110	100
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	45	20	20
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,900	1,370	1,530	16,355	7,635	8,715
Khmer (Cambodian)	125	55	70	960	460	500
Vietnamese	2,775	1,315	1,460	15,380	7,175	8,205
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	0	10
Austronesian languages	27,215	13,065	14,155	60,860	28,765	32,100
Bikol	30	15	15	70	40	35
Cebuano	495	250	245	2,110	1,015	1,090
Fijian	15	5	10	45	25	20
Hiligaynon	125	55	75	470	215	255
Ilocano	390	190	200	1,975	935	1,035
Malagasy	0	0	0	20	10	10
Malay	55	25	30	405	205	195
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	245	120	130	220	110	110
Pangasinan	30	15	15	45	20	30
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25,790	12,375	13,420	55,105	26,005	29,100
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	125	60	60
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	280	120	155
Creole languages	290	120	165	970	495	475
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	50	25	25
Creole, n.o.s.	165	75	85	655	345	310
Creole languages, n.i.e.	115	45	75	270	125	140
Dravidian languages	800	400	400	8,460	4,335	4,125
Kannada	45	25	25	210	105	105
Malayalam	405	195	205	4,060	2,070	1,990
Tamil	240	120	120	2,915	1,515	1,395
Telugu	110	60	50	1,245	635	615
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	70	35	35
Indo-European languages	70,820	35,325	35,495	230,270	115,280	114,995
Albanian	155	80	75	1,060	570	485
Armenian	20	10	5	215	115	105
Balto-Slavic languages	11,685	5,670	6,015	30,220	14,820	15,400
Baltic languages	25	10	15	410	210	200
Latvian	15	5	5	165	85	80
Lithuanian	10	5	5	250	125	120
Slavic languages	11,660	5,660	6,000	29,815	14,610	15,205
Belarusan	0	5	0	15	10	5
Bosnian	285	145	140	785	400	385
Bulgarian	65	30	30	825	415	405
Croatian	320	145	180	1,800	905	895
Czech	115	55	60	875	440	430
Macedonian	85	35	45	175	90	85
Polish	2,010	910	1,105	7,705	3,675	4,030
Russian	5,530	2,780	2,745	10,145	4,965	5,175
Serbian	335	170	170	2,100	1,045	1,055
Serbo-Croatian	90	40	50	315	160	155
Slovak	70	35	35	710	345	365
Slovene (Slovenian)	55	20	30	150	70	75
Ukrainian	2,690	1,285	1,405	4,180	2,060	2,110
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	55	30	25
Celtic languages	20	15	10	40	25	15
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	15	15	5
Welsh	10	5	5	15	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0
Germanic languages	25,825	12,700	13,125	40,915	20,280	20,625
Afrikaans	200	100	100	1,705	835	875
Danish	10	5	5	150	75	75
Dutch	270	135	130	1,980	985	1,000
Frisian	10	5	5	60	30	30
German	24,795	12,185	12,615	36,295	18,010	18,290
Icelandic	35	15	20	30	15	15
Norwegian	10	5	5	60	20	35
Swedish	10	5	5	145	65	80
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	5	10	60	30	25
Yiddish	10	5	5	15	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	465	240	225	425	215	210
Greek	535	255	280	1,015	490	525
Indo-Iranian languages	22,810	11,920	10,890	111,975	56,535	55,445
Indo-Aryan languages	21,010	11,055	9,950	98,610	49,790	48,815
Bengali	690	390	305	4,530	2,300	2,225
Gujarati	2,100	1,095	1,005	8,025	4,085	3,935
Hindi	1,335	715	620	9,945	5,115	4,825
Kashmiri	0	0	0	50	20	25
Konkani	10	5	5	75	40	40
Marathi	40	25	20	845	440	405
Nepali	540	265	280	3,710	1,905	1,805
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	95	50	45
Punjabi (Panjabi)	14,000	7,330	6,670	51,010	25,720	25,295
Sindhi	30	10	15	1,240	575	665
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	360	190	170	1,480	750	730
Urdu	1,895	1,035	860	17,600	8,795	8,810
Iranian languages	1,755	835	920	12,720	6,415	6,305
Kurdish	275	135	140	850	440	410
Pashto	165	70	95	1,640	845	795
Persian (Farsi)	1,315	635	685	10,230	5,135	5,100
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	50	25	20	650	325	325
Italic (Romance) languages	9,765	4,670	5,090	44,830	22,445	22,385
Catalan	0	0	0	35	10	20
Italian	1,035	450	590	2,840	1,275	1,560
Portuguese	2,800	1,305	1,500	3,905	1,875	2,030
Romanian	235	110	125	4,135	2,115	2,020
Spanish	5,695	2,810	2,885	33,910	17,160	16,755
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Japanese	175	75	105	2,245	945	1,300
Kartvelian languages	10	5	0	160	85	70
Georgian	10	5	5	160	85	70
Korean	2,915	1,430	1,490	12,775	6,205	6,570
Mongolic languages	5	0	5	335	160	175
Mongolian	5	5	5	335	155	175
Niger-Congo languages	1,410	695	720	5,600	2,725	2,875
Akan (Twi)	45	30	20	845	415	430
Bamanankan	15	5	5	10	10	0
Edo	5	5	0	70	35	35
Ewe	5	5	5	80	45	35
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	35	15	15	105	55	45
Ga	5	0	0	40	20	20
Ganda	5	0	0	95	50	50
Igbo	75	40	35	265	125	145
Lingala	40	20	20	85	35	45
Rundi (Kirundi)	65	35	35	280	135	145
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	105	55	50	350	175	170
Shona	10	5	10	410	190	225
Swahili	500	240	265	1,090	530	565
Wolof	25	20	10	170	95	75
Yoruba	345	175	170	690	340	350
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	125	50	75	1,015	485	535
Nilo-Saharan languages	130	60	70	1,525	765	755
Dinka	80	35	45	800	420	380
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	725	350	375
Sign languages	560	310	255	1,095	630	465
American Sign Language	255	135	120	325	170	155
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	305	170	135	765	455	310
Sino-Tibetan languages	13,910	6,920	6,985	82,380	39,230	43,155
Chinese languages	13,445	6,685	6,765	80,880	38,455	42,420
Cantonese	4,455	2,105	2,350	38,275	17,810	20,460
Hakka	25	10	15	315	135	185
Mandarin	8,080	4,105	3,975	37,125	18,030	19,095
Min Dong	5	0	0	20	5	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	135	65	70	1,245	540	705
Wu (Shanghainese)	65	30	35	340	175	165
Chinese, n.o.s.	675	365	315	3,550	1,760	1,785
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	465	235	225	1,500	770	730
Burmese	55	30	25	280	145	130
Karenic languages	370	190	180	665	340	320
Tibetan	5	0	5	420	220	200
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	40	15	20	140	65	75
Tai-Kadai languages	535	250	280	1,130	505	625
Lao	430	210	220	465	215	245
Thai	105	40	65	655	285	370
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	10	5	10
Turkic languages	135	70	65	2,390	1,270	1,120
Azerbaijani	10	5	10	155	90	75
Turkish	65	35	35	1,945	1,030	915
Uyghur	0	0	0	80	45	40
Uzbek	35	20	15	135	70	65
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	70	35	25
Uralic languages	305	140	165	2,130	1,040	1,085
Estonian	0	0	0	25	10	15
Finnish	35	15	15	105	50	50
Hungarian	270	125	145	1,995	980	1,015
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	40	25	20	240	140	95
Multiple responses	64,475	31,080	33,400	189,040	92,280	96,760
English and French	3,090	1,440	1,645	6,885	3,410	3,475
English and non-official language	60,090	28,995	31,090	178,070	86,895	91,170
French and non-official language	415	215	205	1,125	540	580
English, French and non-official language	885	420	455	2,965	1,430	1,530
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	1,261,615	624,095	637,520	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
None	1,079,050	535,990	543,065	3,492,295	1,760,240	1,732,055
English	76,350	37,795	38,550	221,305	110,655	110,650
French	20,200	9,130	11,075	41,840	19,470	22,375
Non-official language	83,315	39,860	43,455	262,255	125,640	136,615
Aboriginal	16,105	7,590	8,515	17,430	8,325	9,105
Non-Aboriginal	67,215	32,275	34,940	244,825	117,315	127,510
English and French	305	150	150	1,535	775	760
English and non-official language	1,610	815	790	4,545	2,345	2,195
French and non-official language	770	345	420	2,795	1,340	1,455
English, French and non-official language	20	5	10	85	50	40
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	1,001,305	491,590	509,715	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	954,035	467,790	486,250	3,053,470	1,528,275	1,525,190
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,188	40,379	29,220	42,717	54,891	33,213
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	954,205	467,820	486,390	3,054,135	1,528,420	1,525,715
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,465	35,150	26,561	38,067	47,131	30,478
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	859,545	431,145	428,400	2,839,590	1,458,560	1,381,030
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,592	39,229	26,692	42,330	54,528	32,099
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	701,840	309,530	392,310	1,785,065	711,210	1,073,855
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,268	1,890	5,434	4,093	3,834	4,185
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	722,785	374,850	347,935	2,473,665	1,301,630	1,172,030
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,677	39,365	28,679	42,679	54,361	32,982
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	1,001,305	491,580	509,725	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	953,960	467,575	486,385	3,054,555	1,528,100	1,526,455
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,767	51,068	36,747	62,778	80,001	45,535
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	954,175	467,605	486,565	3,055,230	1,528,240	1,526,995
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,957	41,013	31,097	50,683	62,938	38,417
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	859,575	431,035	428,540	2,840,675	1,458,210	1,382,465
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,776	50,803	34,704	62,997	80,282	44,766
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	701,830	308,940	392,890	1,784,345	710,105	1,074,240
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,099	6,411	7,640	7,175	7,298	7,093
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	722,785	374,535	348,250	2,473,665	1,299,805	1,173,855
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,551	49,417	35,168	59,343	74,073	43,031
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	1,001,310	491,580	509,725	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	350,580	201,335	149,245	1,152,385	669,770	482,615
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	50,026	54,580	44,818	64,090	73,781	53,836
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	59,523	65,410	51,581	81,586	94,822	63,218
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	88.0	91.7	83.1	93.3	95.8	89.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	73.6	77.4	68.6	76.5	78.9	72.3
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	12.0	8.3	16.9	6.7	4.2	10.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	1,001,310	491,585	509,720	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360
Without total income	47,270	23,800	23,470	152,585	74,410	78,170
With total income	954,040	467,790	486,245	3,053,470	1,528,280	1,525,190
Percentage with total income	95.3	95.2	95.4	95.2	95.4	95.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	137,700	62,550	75,150	389,580	146,450	243,130
$10,000 to $19,999	150,320	58,320	91,995	385,235	147,125	238,110
$20,000 to $29,999	136,510	54,950	81,560	364,915	142,810	222,105
$30,000 to $39,999	123,685	55,805	67,885	305,680	131,185	174,490
$40,000 to $49,999	109,710	54,650	55,060	286,615	133,715	152,900
$50,000 to $59,999	80,625	45,170	35,460	247,830	124,720	123,115
$60,000 to $69,999	58,785	35,250	23,535	205,840	114,405	91,430
$70,000 to $79,999	43,365	26,465	16,895	165,640	99,645	65,995
$80,000 to $89,999	34,000	20,100	13,905	132,720	82,700	50,020
$90,000 to $99,999	21,980	13,545	8,440	114,010	70,655	43,350
$100,000 and over	57,355	40,985	16,370	455,410	334,865	120,550
$100,000 to $149,999	40,870	28,585	12,285	274,185	191,710	82,475
$150,000 and over	16,490	12,395	4,090	181,225	143,150	38,075
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,001,305	491,585	509,720	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,365
Without after-tax income	47,100	23,770	23,330	151,915	74,270	77,645
With after-tax income	954,205	467,820	486,390	3,054,135	1,528,420	1,525,715
Percentage with after-tax income	95.3	95.2	95.4	95.3	95.4	95.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	142,035	63,525	78,510	399,005	149,280	249,725
$10,000 to $19,999	161,865	63,410	98,460	402,780	154,330	248,450
$20,000 to $29,999	165,880	68,985	96,895	420,955	166,650	254,300
$30,000 to $39,999	153,680	73,335	80,350	377,590	169,665	207,925
$40,000 to $49,999	116,415	63,755	52,660	347,960	172,595	175,365
$50,000 to $59,999	78,105	46,940	31,160	276,970	153,985	122,985
$60,000 to $69,999	53,870	32,165	21,705	208,265	127,045	81,220
$70,000 to $79,999	31,690	19,680	12,010	160,580	100,970	59,610
$80,000 and over	50,655	36,025	14,630	460,030	333,895	126,140
$80,000 to $89,999	18,025	12,260	5,760	121,015	78,400	42,620
$90,000 to $99,999	10,325	7,305	3,015	82,020	57,375	24,645
$100,000 and over	22,305	16,460	5,850	257,000	198,120	58,875
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	1,001,305	491,590	509,720	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360
Without employment income	278,525	116,740	161,775	732,385	301,060	431,330
With employment income	722,785	374,845	347,940	2,473,665	1,301,630	1,172,035
Percentage with employment income	72.2	76.3	68.3	77.2	81.2	73.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	90,045	42,675	47,375	273,835	122,830	151,005
$5,000 to $9,999	54,560	23,875	30,690	164,095	68,100	95,990
$10,000 to $19,999	94,460	41,920	52,535	274,105	113,680	160,430
$20,000 to $29,999	89,540	39,650	49,895	235,620	96,855	138,760
$30,000 to $39,999	88,340	41,905	46,440	227,450	100,650	126,805
$40,000 to $49,999	77,755	40,205	37,550	219,155	103,680	115,475
$50,000 to $59,999	58,900	34,355	24,550	195,145	99,285	95,860
$60,000 to $69,999	44,085	27,115	16,970	163,465	92,950	70,515
$70,000 to $79,999	34,450	21,375	13,075	135,150	83,240	51,910
$80,000 and over	90,650	61,780	28,865	585,640	420,365	165,280
$80,000 to $89,999	28,365	16,860	11,505	111,045	71,210	39,835
$90,000 to $99,999	17,635	11,355	6,275	99,785	62,305	37,480
$100,000 and over	44,650	33,560	11,095	374,815	286,855	87,960
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	489,050	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	68,147	...	...	93,835	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	59,093	...	...	80,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	135,495	...	...	366,080	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,846	...	...	47,948	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,538	...	...	41,502	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	353,550	...	...	1,161,600	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	84,532	...	...	111,435	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	72,688	...	...	94,830	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	489,050	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	85,373	...	...	125,522	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	70,154	...	...	101,361	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	135,440	...	...	365,000	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	44,208	...	...	64,341	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,503	...	...	52,116	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	353,605	...	...	1,162,675	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	101,140	...	...	144,729	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	83,044	...	...	116,821	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	489,050	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Under $5,000	9,250	...	...	21,660	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	8,175	...	...	13,555	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	11,450	...	...	18,070	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	18,260	...	...	33,045	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	21,395	...	...	51,505	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	19,035	...	...	38,615	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	21,090	...	...	42,580	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	21,745	...	...	46,630	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	21,605	...	...	46,520	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	21,225	...	...	46,825	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	40,240	...	...	95,425	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	37,910	...	...	95,340	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	34,275	...	...	92,345	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	31,555	...	...	88,775	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	27,215	...	...	84,570	...	...
$100,000 and over	144,620	...	...	712,215	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	52,495	...	...	184,595	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	34,595	...	...	142,910	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	34,670	...	...	181,960	...	...
$200,000 and over	22,865	...	...	202,745	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	489,050	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Under $5,000	9,725	...	...	23,395	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	8,315	...	...	13,860	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	11,860	...	...	18,600	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	19,325	...	...	34,540	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	24,370	...	...	55,010	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	22,665	...	...	44,170	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	25,915	...	...	50,280	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	26,725	...	...	55,645	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	25,965	...	...	57,695	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	25,290	...	...	59,195	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	48,610	...	...	119,200	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	44,280	...	...	116,250	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	38,890	...	...	112,675	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	32,370	...	...	106,235	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	26,890	...	...	95,600	...	...
$100,000 and over	97,850	...	...	565,335	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	46,355	...	...	192,795	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	24,795	...	...	132,240	...	...
$150,000 and over	26,705	...	...	240,305	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	341,205	...	...	1,099,900	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	84,441	...	...	109,997	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	72,563	...	...	93,588	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	127,580	...	...	407,300	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	79,103	...	...	101,283	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	67,596	...	...	86,043	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	150,585	...	...	511,375	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	104,902	...	...	133,186	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	89,307	...	...	111,951	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.2	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	52,215	...	...	146,045	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	49,922	...	...	62,909	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	46,048	...	...	57,079	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.9	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	341,235	...	...	1,101,485	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	101,410	...	...	144,493	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	83,132	...	...	116,343	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	127,710	...	...	408,625	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	95,583	...	...	137,805	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	77,743	...	...	110,236	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	150,695	...	...	512,615	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	122,176	...	...	169,354	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	99,399	...	...	135,623	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	52,130	...	...	145,115	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	60,006	...	...	80,406	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,307	...	...	68,470	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	175,270	86,935	88,335	577,475	308,835	268,640
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	32,927	35,568	30,818	42,598	47,903	37,344
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,429	31,130	28,062	37,648	41,340	33,785
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	174,945	86,380	88,565	573,385	306,195	267,190
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	40,853	43,332	38,434	56,856	63,468	49,280
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	33,961	35,291	32,663	46,559	50,990	41,481
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	1,240,700	614,440	626,260	3,978,150	1,998,500	1,979,650
In the bottom half of the distribution	687,930	332,640	355,290	1,527,695	739,210	788,485
In the bottom decile	151,750	74,825	76,930	293,490	143,880	149,605
In the second decile	135,485	62,035	73,450	278,635	128,055	150,575
In the third decile	135,395	64,805	70,590	297,695	142,090	155,605
In the fourth decile	132,755	65,185	67,575	315,570	154,815	160,760
In the fifth decile	132,540	65,790	66,750	342,305	170,375	171,935
In the top half of the distribution	552,770	281,805	270,965	2,450,450	1,259,285	1,191,160
In the sixth decile	127,575	64,305	63,265	366,250	183,860	182,390
In the seventh decile	123,505	62,770	60,735	397,275	201,465	195,810
In the eighth decile	116,805	59,460	57,350	443,585	227,385	216,200
In the ninth decile	104,820	53,835	50,980	522,545	268,995	253,555
In the top decile	80,070	41,435	38,640	720,795	377,585	343,215
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	1,175,720	581,585	594,135	3,925,220	1,971,735	1,953,485
0 to 17 years	260,905	134,075	126,830	893,255	458,330	434,925
0 to 5 years	85,935	44,240	41,695	310,080	158,825	151,260
18 to 64 years	737,035	365,965	371,070	2,580,730	1,298,440	1,282,295
65 years and over	177,780	81,540	96,235	451,235	214,965	236,265
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	180,880	85,185	95,690	363,890	171,945	191,940
0 to 17 years	57,185	29,390	27,790	114,215	58,665	55,555
0 to 5 years	21,325	10,970	10,355	41,755	21,350	20,400
18 to 64 years	98,920	46,630	52,285	210,870	98,415	112,455
65 years and over	24,785	9,165	15,615	38,800	14,875	23,925
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.4	14.6	16.1	9.3	8.7	9.8
0 to 17 years (%)	21.9	21.9	21.9	12.8	12.8	12.8
0 to 5 years (%)	24.8	24.8	24.8	13.5	13.4	13.5
18 to 64 years (%)	13.4	12.7	14.1	8.2	7.6	8.8
65 years and over (%)	13.9	11.2	16.2	8.6	6.9	10.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	115,965	56,255	59,705	273,515	134,180	139,335
0 to 17 years	33,260	17,040	16,220	76,930	39,385	37,550
0 to 5 years	12,310	6,325	5,985	28,190	14,420	13,770
18 to 64 years	73,655	35,895	37,760	181,805	88,715	93,095
65 years and over	9,045	3,325	5,725	14,780	6,085	8,695
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.9	9.7	10.0	7.0	6.8	7.1
0 to 17 years (%)	12.7	12.7	12.8	8.6	8.6	8.6
0 to 5 years (%)	14.3	14.3	14.4	9.1	9.1	9.1
18 to 64 years (%)	10.0	9.8	10.2	7.0	6.8	7.3
65 years and over (%)	5.1	4.1	5.9	3.3	2.8	3.7
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	1,240,700	614,440	626,260	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645
Official languages	1,224,985	607,375	617,605	3,920,530	1,974,435	1,946,095
English	1,223,665	606,760	616,905	3,916,805	1,972,800	1,944,005
French	108,560	49,435	59,130	264,600	123,940	140,660
Non-official languages	340,250	165,150	175,100	1,082,425	527,770	554,655
Aboriginal languages	40,465	19,410	21,050	36,465	17,415	19,045
Algonquian languages	38,305	18,375	19,930	29,675	14,120	15,555
Blackfoot	10	0	10	5,575	2,665	2,905
Cree-Montagnais languages	20,975	10,025	10,955	23,465	11,155	12,310
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	10	25	0	15
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	85	25	55	90	20	70
Plains Cree	190	90	100	1,580	620	965
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	10	10	0
Swampy Cree	1,140	505	640	45	25	25
Woods Cree	130	65	65	1,135	525	610
Cree, n.o.s.	19,435	9,340	10,095	20,665	9,990	10,675
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	10	0	35	15	15
Malecite	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	10	0	0	35	15	15
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	17,710	8,520	9,185	955	425	530
Algonquin	10	0	0	10	10	0
Ojibway	9,685	4,560	5,125	925	415	505
Oji-Cree	8,045	3,975	4,070	20	10	15
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Athabaskan languages	1,120	525	595	2,640	1,255	1,385
Northern Athabaskan languages	1,110	520	590	2,630	1,250	1,380
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Beaver	0	0	0	85	50	35
Carrier	0	0	0	45	10	35
Chilcotin	0	0	0	20	15	10
Dene	1,110	520	595	2,010	975	1,035
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	75	30	45
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	150	65	85
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	285	140	145
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	25	15	10
South Slavey	0	0	0	190	90	100
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	35	45
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	10	0	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	10	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuit languages	110	55	55	135	50	80
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	10	10	0	35	10	25
Inuktitut	80	35	45	60	20	35
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	40	25	20
Iroquoian languages	15	10	10	40	25	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	10	0
Mohawk	15	10	10	35	25	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	10	10
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	210	115	95	145	75	70
Salish languages	0	0	10	50	25	25
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	10	0	10	10	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	15	10	10
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	10	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Siouan languages	760	365	395	4,050	2,005	2,045
Dakota	760	360	400	530	285	245
Stoney	0	0	0	3,650	1,790	1,855
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	10	0	10
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	35	15	15
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	15	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	10	0	10	10	10	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	35	15	20	30	15	15
Non-Aboriginal languages	299,900	145,795	154,110	1,046,245	510,495	535,750
Afro-Asiatic languages	15,730	8,320	7,410	96,210	50,675	45,535
Berber languages	85	50	40	540	335	205
Kabyle	45	25	20	225	125	90
Berber languages, n.i.e.	50	35	10	315	210	110
Cushitic languages	2,300	1,195	1,105	15,445	8,055	7,385
Bilen	210	120	85	370	235	135
Oromo	535	275	260	3,125	1,625	1,500
Somali	1,550	790	760	12,030	6,240	5,795
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	10	55	20	40
Semitic languages	13,685	7,300	6,390	82,200	43,405	38,800
Amharic	2,475	1,370	1,105	10,870	5,595	5,275
Arabic	6,650	3,590	3,055	62,730	33,365	29,370
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	0	10	430	225	210
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0	0	150	70	75
Harari	0	10	0	340	150	185
Hebrew	3,370	1,735	1,635	3,250	1,650	1,600
Maltese	65	30	35	145	85	55
Tigrigna	2,225	1,175	1,050	7,315	3,915	3,400
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	450	250	205
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	155	80	80	375	225	145
Austro-Asiatic languages	5,230	2,545	2,685	32,730	15,440	17,290
Khmer (Cambodian)	335	185	150	2,700	1,375	1,330
Vietnamese	4,905	2,370	2,535	30,150	14,130	16,015
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Austronesian languages	65,305	30,220	35,090	145,745	63,615	82,130
Bikol	225	100	125	330	150	180
Cebuano	1,615	805	810	6,690	2,940	3,750
Fijian	65	35	30	340	195	145
Hiligaynon	425	180	245	1,760	745	1,020
Ilocano	1,875	880	990	7,370	3,160	4,215
Malagasy	0	0	0	80	40	40
Malay	375	180	195	3,040	1,435	1,610
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	945	415	530	1,185	565	625
Pangasinan	205	100	110	445	190	250
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	64,165	29,640	34,520	138,440	60,115	78,325
Waray-Waray	115	55	55	420	170	245
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	200	80	120	1,160	505	650
Creole languages	1,310	605	705	4,585	2,390	2,195
Haitian Creole	25	10	15	255	140	115
Creole, n.o.s.	635	310	315	2,675	1,425	1,250
Creole languages, n.i.e.	680	305	375	1,680	840	850
Dravidian languages	1,840	945	895	18,190	9,660	8,525
Kannada	175	95	80	1,035	520	515
Malayalam	830	400	430	8,150	4,255	3,900
Tamil	655	330	325	7,195	3,900	3,295
Telugu	255	150	110	2,910	1,560	1,345
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	150	80	70
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	115	55	55
Indo-European languages	175,950	86,435	89,510	550,490	274,510	275,980
Albanian	390	195	195	2,880	1,550	1,325
Armenian	65	50	15	530	255	275
Balto-Slavic languages	39,530	18,780	20,745	93,150	44,750	48,395
Baltic languages	230	90	140	1,360	660	705
Latvian	115	45	70	590	300	290
Lithuanian	120	50	65	775	360	415
Slavic languages	39,360	18,720	20,640	92,300	44,340	47,960
Belarusan	65	25	45	200	95	105
Bosnian	835	405	430	2,880	1,450	1,435
Bulgarian	155	95	60	1,795	945	850
Croatian	1,595	765	825	6,280	3,260	3,025
Czech	735	335	395	3,590	1,650	1,940
Macedonian	140	75	60	535	270	265
Polish	7,655	3,625	4,035	23,650	11,455	12,195
Russian	13,455	6,715	6,740	27,375	13,195	14,175
Serbian	870	470	400	5,355	2,630	2,730
Serbo-Croatian	190	75	115	1,095	550	540
Slovak	480	215	260	2,780	1,495	1,285
Slovene (Slovenian)	275	100	175	735	360	375
Ukrainian	17,095	7,795	9,305	26,600	11,980	14,620
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	70	35	30	250	120	130
Celtic languages	225	125	100	1,180	615	560
Scottish Gaelic	90	65	25	440	215	225
Welsh	90	45	45	315	180	130
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	45	15	25	450	220	225
Germanic languages	68,285	33,250	35,035	112,670	56,325	56,345
Afrikaans	715	330	385	5,165	2,655	2,515
Danish	270	120	150	2,800	1,360	1,440
Dutch	3,120	1,555	1,565	19,480	9,595	9,890
Frisian	90	65	30	475	275	205
German	61,760	30,170	31,600	83,010	41,905	41,105
Icelandic	560	225	335	160	70	95
Norwegian	290	115	175	1,450	635	810
Swedish	270	125	150	1,635	800	835
Vlaams (Flemish)	270	120	155	380	170	215
Yiddish	545	235	315	250	130	115
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	2,490	1,285	1,205	2,115	1,095	1,015
Greek	2,010	1,015	1,000	4,935	2,535	2,400
Indo-Iranian languages	38,760	20,480	18,280	206,725	106,045	100,675
Indo-Aryan languages	35,830	18,990	16,835	186,005	95,045	90,960
Bengali	1,520	885	635	8,530	4,385	4,140
Gujarati	3,905	2,065	1,840	18,005	8,945	9,055
Hindi	12,900	6,900	6,000	61,290	31,900	29,385
Kashmiri	20	15	10	125	80	45
Konkani	40	30	10	625	300	320
Marathi	275	170	105	2,575	1,385	1,195
Nepali	600	285	315	5,510	3,000	2,510
Oriya (Odia)	15	10	10	255	135	120
Punjabi (Panjabi)	22,900	12,035	10,865	90,485	46,350	44,135
Sindhi	150	85	65	4,595	2,065	2,530
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	920	500	420	3,800	1,925	1,875
Urdu	4,600	2,540	2,060	41,235	21,245	20,000
Iranian languages	3,035	1,525	1,515	22,140	11,665	10,475
Kurdish	600	295	305	1,930	1,100	825
Pashto	290	135	150	3,330	1,795	1,530
Persian (Farsi)	2,295	1,175	1,120	17,600	9,220	8,375
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	230	125	105	1,760	960	805
Italic (Romance) languages	34,360	16,630	17,735	142,340	69,885	72,450
Catalan	15	10	10	170	95	80
Italian	5,350	2,610	2,735	19,900	9,875	10,020
Portuguese	8,460	4,125	4,335	12,670	6,255	6,415
Romanian	785	395	390	9,915	5,185	4,735
Spanish	20,605	9,910	10,695	104,445	50,960	53,490
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	60	45	15	250	130	125
Japanese	1,160	550	605	9,215	4,115	5,100
Kartvelian languages	10	0	15	225	130	100
Georgian	15	0	15	230	130	100
Korean	4,240	2,100	2,145	19,950	9,405	10,545
Mongolic languages	55	20	35	800	375	430
Mongolian	55	20	30	800	370	430
Niger-Congo languages	7,970	4,125	3,845	29,430	14,980	14,450
Akan (Twi)	260	165	95	2,925	1,505	1,420
Bamanankan	160	95	65	60	30	30
Edo	95	60	30	620	325	290
Ewe	50	30	20	335	170	165
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	50	25	25	300	165	135
Ga	30	10	15	345	190	155
Ganda	230	110	120	610	305	305
Igbo	665	345	325	2,550	1,345	1,210
Lingala	655	315	345	1,240	640	605
Rundi (Kirundi)	205	105	105	830	420	410
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	305	155	155	1,155	605	550
Shona	250	110	140	1,810	850	960
Swahili	1,930	1,020	905	6,700	3,470	3,235
Wolof	150	85	70	600	365	235
Yoruba	2,630	1,330	1,295	5,930	3,035	2,890
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,440	765	680	6,585	3,265	3,320
Nilo-Saharan languages	410	225	185	3,070	1,495	1,575
Dinka	180	105	75	1,655	825	825
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	225	120	105	1,425	675	750
Sign languages	2,670	985	1,685	5,910	2,350	3,555
American Sign Language	1,710	625	1,090	3,085	1,130	1,955
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	10
Sign languages, n.i.e.	975	365	610	2,855	1,230	1,625
Sino-Tibetan languages	21,130	10,490	10,650	141,860	67,945	73,915
Chinese languages	20,475	10,185	10,285	139,385	66,700	72,685
Cantonese	8,310	3,920	4,390	74,770	35,490	39,280
Hakka	50	30	20	1,180	515	660
Mandarin	12,825	6,460	6,365	70,510	33,310	37,195
Min Dong	0	0	0	85	50	40
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	480	230	250	4,140	1,765	2,380
Wu (Shanghainese)	185	95	85	855	380	470
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,115	600	510	6,335	3,160	3,175
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	25	35
Tibeto-Burman languages	675	310	370	2,590	1,290	1,300
Burmese	185	115	70	605	305	295
Karenic languages	465	200	265	805	415	390
Tibetan	0	0	0	860	430	430
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	145	60	80	445	215	235
Tai-Kadai languages	1,565	730	835	3,705	1,510	2,195
Lao	1,120	520	600	1,520	730	795
Thai	575	270	305	2,400	850	1,545
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	45	25	25
Turkic languages	510	250	265	5,795	3,180	2,625
Azerbaijani	50	25	30	630	325	300
Turkish	365	180	185	4,255	2,420	1,835
Uyghur	30	15	10	290	135	155
Uzbek	40	20	15	425	200	225
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	45	15	30	355	170	180
Uralic languages	1,550	730	815	8,895	4,315	4,575
Estonian	45	20	25	185	85	105
Finnish	265	105	160	1,045	455	590
Hungarian	1,235	600	635	7,660	3,770	3,890
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	445	290	150	1,820	1,025	790
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	1,240,700	614,440	626,260	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,645
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	1,133,080	560,165	572,920	3,622,740	1,825,135	1,797,600
Canadian citizens aged under 18	266,225	136,640	129,585	854,815	439,065	415,755
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	866,855	423,520	443,335	2,767,920	1,386,070	1,381,850
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	107,620	54,280	53,340	355,410	173,365	182,045
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	1,240,700	614,445	626,255	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,650
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	996,860	494,285	502,570	3,062,775	1,550,445	1,512,335
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	227,465	111,095	116,365	845,220	412,320	432,895
Before 1981	50,025	23,340	26,680	163,460	81,620	81,840
1981 to 1990	20,205	10,190	10,010	86,350	41,690	44,660
1991 to 2000	23,040	11,165	11,875	131,560	62,930	68,630
2001 to 2010	70,985	35,305	35,680	256,055	125,235	130,820
2001 to 2005	22,570	11,195	11,370	109,145	53,425	55,720
2006 to 2010	48,415	24,110	24,305	146,910	71,810	75,100
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	63,210	31,095	32,120	207,790	100,845	106,945
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	16,375	9,055	7,320	70,155	35,735	34,420
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	227,470	111,100	116,370	845,220	412,320	432,895
Under 5 years	25,595	12,975	12,625	82,175	42,200	39,975
5 to 14 years	45,570	23,305	22,265	149,815	77,820	71,995
15 to 24 years	44,585	20,820	23,770	168,965	78,215	90,755
25 to 44 years	93,700	45,160	48,540	372,805	180,265	192,535
45 years and over	18,010	8,845	9,170	71,450	33,820	37,630
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	227,465	111,095	116,365	845,215	412,325	432,895
Americas	31,980	15,285	16,700	103,540	49,345	54,190
Brazil	435	170	265	2,545	1,100	1,440
Colombia	1,050	510	545	9,535	4,570	4,960
El Salvador	2,480	1,325	1,155	7,255	3,725	3,530
Guyana	1,135	515	620	2,555	1,200	1,355
Haiti	155	75	80	1,270	675	600
Jamaica	1,810	835	970	6,845	3,170	3,680
Mexico	6,655	3,330	3,320	15,665	7,860	7,805
Peru	235	85	150	1,920	780	1,140
Trinidad and Tobago	1,505	785	720	3,415	1,670	1,750
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	7,100	3,100	4,000	30,460	13,675	16,785
Other places of birth in Americas	9,425	4,550	4,875	22,075	10,925	11,150
Europe	56,705	27,815	28,890	189,770	95,355	94,415
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,055	530	525	4,555	2,325	2,230
Croatia	975	445	535	3,080	1,615	1,465
France	795	425	365	2,535	1,215	1,320
Germany	10,390	5,215	5,175	19,205	9,485	9,715
Greece	820	445	375	2,005	1,115	890
Hungary	815	435	375	3,665	1,880	1,785
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	650	310	340	3,935	2,100	1,835
Italy	2,755	1,405	1,350	8,110	4,370	3,745
Netherlands	2,250	1,185	1,060	14,035	7,420	6,610
Poland	5,280	2,455	2,820	16,925	8,045	8,880
Portugal	4,380	2,170	2,210	4,050	1,985	2,070
Romania	720	345	375	7,725	3,930	3,795
Russian Federation	4,245	2,035	2,210	7,260	3,135	4,125
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	355	175	175	2,255	1,080	1,170
Ukraine	4,765	2,250	2,515	8,150	3,700	4,455
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	11,665	5,655	6,015	59,215	30,280	28,935
Other places of birth in Europe	4,790	2,325	2,470	23,060	11,670	11,390
Africa	17,975	9,495	8,485	89,740	46,705	43,030
Algeria	115	60	55	1,340	715	625
Egypt	980	525	455	5,320	2,940	2,375
Ethiopia	2,525	1,360	1,165	10,570	5,355	5,215
Kenya	935	470	465	5,120	2,555	2,565
Morocco	250	140	110	1,695	1,005	695
Nigeria	3,820	2,070	1,750	12,405	6,520	5,880
Somalia	755	350	415	7,060	3,665	3,395
South Africa, Republic of	975	465	505	7,355	3,670	3,685
Other places of birth in Africa	7,630	4,055	3,570	38,865	20,275	18,590
Asia	120,230	58,215	62,015	452,225	215,955	236,265
Afghanistan	615	285	330	5,190	2,765	2,430
Bangladesh	880	475	400	5,085	2,590	2,500
China^{Census data footnote 59}	9,250	4,460	4,790	57,690	26,510	31,185
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	1,460	715	735	19,110	9,265	9,850
India	21,990	11,395	10,595	91,660	46,625	45,035
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	1,180	655	530	8,910	4,655	4,250
Iraq	860	460	400	5,935	3,205	2,730
Japan	225	70	150	3,065	905	2,160
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	2,880	1,415	1,470	13,850	6,530	7,320
Lebanon	265	165	100	10,395	5,640	4,750
Pakistan	3,125	1,675	1,450	28,075	14,630	13,445
Philippines	61,950	28,800	33,150	123,830	54,075	69,755
Sri Lanka	1,015	515	505	4,835	2,475	2,365
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	805	390	410	4,800	2,515	2,280
Taiwan	215	110	110	3,455	1,460	2,000
Viet Nam	4,225	2,035	2,185	27,080	12,645	14,435
Other places of birth in Asia	9,285	4,590	4,695	39,250	19,485	19,765
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	575	290	280	9,940	4,950	4,990
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	63,210	31,095	32,115	207,790	100,845	106,945
Americas	4,130	1,840	2,290	20,060	9,660	10,400
Brazil	100	35	65	860	370	490
Colombia	185	70	120	2,295	1,020	1,275
Cuba	75	25	55	465	215	255
Haiti	15	10	0	385	240	150
Jamaica	340	175	165	1,660	765	895
Mexico	875	415	465	4,405	2,250	2,150
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	970	445	525	4,645	2,130	2,515
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	75	30	40	1,570	745	820
Other places of birth in Americas	1,490	640	850	3,785	1,930	1,855
Europe	5,155	2,650	2,505	20,870	10,830	10,045
France	135	70	75	425	240	180
Germany	580	310	265	1,370	710	655
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	135	80	60	1,355	835	520
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	160	85	70	715	365	350
Romania	70	30	35	1,100	545	555
Russian Federation	1,145	530	610	1,235	430	805
Ukraine	1,320	670	650	2,340	1,060	1,280
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	550	290	265	6,225	3,570	2,650
Other places of birth in Europe	1,060	590	470	6,100	3,065	3,040
Africa	7,860	4,120	3,735	27,770	14,165	13,610
Algeria	20	10	10	255	115	135
Cameroon	65	45	20	1,055	515	545
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	740	360	380	805	365	440
Côte d'Ivoire	95	35	60	420	210	210
Egypt	415	220	190	1,940	1,045	895
Eritrea	795	430	360	2,390	1,335	1,055
Ethiopia	810	425	380	3,445	1,670	1,780
Morocco	70	30	35	515	265	250
Nigeria	2,630	1,415	1,215	6,110	3,200	2,910
Somalia	385	160	215	2,120	1,110	1,010
South Africa, Republic of	225	110	120	1,590	800	785
Tunisia	65	45	20	255	135	125
Other places of birth in Africa	1,555	820	735	6,870	3,400	3,470
Asia	45,915	22,395	23,520	137,110	65,055	72,050
Afghanistan	60	35	25	810	435	375
Bangladesh	360	195	170	1,355	635	715
China^{Census data footnote 59}	3,390	1,635	1,760	10,525	4,700	5,825
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	185	105	80	750	305	450
India	10,915	5,675	5,240	28,820	14,915	13,900
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	425	230	195	3,265	1,665	1,600
Iraq	330	175	155	2,010	1,045	960
Israel	595	340	260	480	250	230
Japan	45	25	25	665	195	475
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	1,300	665	640	3,840	1,710	2,125
Lebanon	140	100	35	1,470	755	710
Nepal	210	70	140	2,615	1,380	1,240
Pakistan	1,535	800	735	6,910	3,420	3,490
Philippines	22,885	10,645	12,245	59,390	26,960	32,435
Saudi Arabia	325	145	180	820	435	385
Sri Lanka	250	140	115	1,345	650	695
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	635	325	310	3,340	1,705	1,630
Taiwan	20	0	10	505	165	340
Turkey	40	30	10	390	215	180
United Arab Emirates	110	55	55	810	430	375
Viet Nam	495	220	275	2,040	795	1,240
Other places of birth in Asia	1,650	785	870	4,965	2,285	2,680
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	150	80	70	1,980	1,135	845
Australia	80	25	60	1,065	600	465
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	65	55	15	915	535	375
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	1,240,695	614,440	626,260	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,650
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	249,625	123,035	126,585	938,500	460,015	478,480
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	197,530	97,135	100,395	742,455	374,065	368,390
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	793,545	394,265	399,280	2,297,195	1,164,420	1,132,775
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	180,810	89,380	91,425	694,945	337,380	357,565
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	119,845	60,680	59,165	387,275	195,845	191,430
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	44,415	27,435	16,980	154,700	96,855	57,850
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	75,430	33,250	42,185	232,570	98,990	133,575
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	39,875	17,355	22,525	198,575	81,650	116,920
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	20,550	11,155	9,395	103,785	57,130	46,650
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	540	195	345	5,320	2,745	2,570
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	1,240,700	614,440	626,260	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,650
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	223,310	108,495	114,815	258,640	125,445	133,195
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	220,470	107,145	113,330	253,460	123,115	130,340
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	130,510	62,955	67,550	136,585	65,755	70,835
Métis	89,355	43,895	45,465	114,370	56,170	58,200
Inuk (Inuit)	610	295	310	2,500	1,195	1,305
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	2,020	985	1,030	2,905	1,350	1,555
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	820	365	450	2,280	975	1,300
Non-Aboriginal identity	1,017,385	505,945	511,445	3,719,505	1,873,055	1,846,450
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	1,240,700	614,440	626,255	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	127,250	61,300	65,950	123,235	59,065	64,170
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,113,450	553,140	560,305	3,854,915	1,939,430	1,915,475
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	1,240,700	614,440	626,255	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	110,630	53,980	56,645	103,600	50,680	52,915
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	108,055	52,775	55,285	99,940	48,860	51,070
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	93,070	45,490	47,580	81,685	39,815	41,870
Métis single ancestry	14,835	7,210	7,625	17,515	8,690	8,820
Inuit single ancestry	155	75	80	735	355	380
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	2,570	1,205	1,365	3,665	1,820	1,845
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	2,495	1,160	1,335	3,490	1,725	1,765
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	50	30	15	105	55	50
Métis and Inuit ancestries	15	10	10	50	35	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	10	0	20	0	15
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	114,605	55,480	59,120	200,215	97,055	103,160
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	107,535	52,250	55,285	189,830	92,295	97,530
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40,265	19,440	20,820	104,875	50,595	54,280
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	66,810	32,600	34,215	82,585	40,530	42,060
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	460	210	250	2,365	1,170	1,195
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	7,070	3,235	3,835	10,385	4,760	5,625
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	6,800	3,100	3,705	9,760	4,465	5,295
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	120	65	55	310	155	155
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	130	55	80	270	110	160
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	0	40	25	20
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	1,015,465	504,980	510,485	3,674,330	1,850,760	1,823,570
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	1,240,700	614,440	626,260	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,645
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	216,850	108,315	108,530	933,165	461,460	471,705
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	42,060	22,200	19,855	230,930	118,535	112,390
Chinese	22,540	11,340	11,195	158,200	77,035	81,165
Black	30,335	15,790	14,550	129,390	66,960	62,440
Filipino	79,815	37,935	41,885	166,195	74,770	91,425
Latin American	9,895	4,840	5,050	55,090	27,560	27,525
Arab	5,030	2,705	2,325	56,700	30,245	26,450
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	8,565	4,155	4,410	43,985	21,025	22,960
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	2,695	1,420	1,270	20,980	11,010	9,965
Korean	4,375	2,195	2,180	21,275	10,130	11,145
Japanese	1,850	880	975	12,165	5,495	6,670
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	3,195	1,610	1,590	9,900	4,700	5,205
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	6,485	3,235	3,250	28,360	13,985	14,375
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	1,023,850	506,125	517,725	3,044,980	1,537,040	1,507,940
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	1,240,700	614,440	626,255	3,978,150	1,998,500	1,979,645
North American Aboriginal origins	225,230	109,465	115,770	303,815	147,735	156,075
First Nations (North American Indian)	142,820	69,305	73,510	200,290	96,845	103,445
Inuit	955	460	500	3,900	1,915	1,985
Métis	91,120	44,150	46,970	113,735	55,590	58,150
Other North American origins	247,670	123,075	124,600	955,040	486,735	468,305
Acadian	645	325	320	5,545	2,970	2,570
American	9,220	4,605	4,615	72,355	35,480	36,875
Canadian	240,835	119,610	121,225	902,315	460,335	441,975
New Brunswicker	10	0	10	50	35	15
Newfoundlander	215	130	90	1,985	1,135	850
Nova Scotian	20	15	0	190	115	70
Ontarian	20	20	0	110	65	45
Québécois	280	150	125	1,380	750	630
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	30	10	25	415	210	205
European origins	826,210	406,770	419,445	2,580,720	1,292,280	1,288,440
British Isles origins	421,515	206,840	214,675	1,581,265	787,205	794,060
Channel Islander	45	25	25	225	115	115
Cornish	85	45	40	210	90	115
English	245,960	119,975	125,985	899,440	444,010	455,440
Irish	156,145	74,290	81,850	596,750	288,710	308,040
Manx	200	100	100	945	450	495
Scottish	208,065	100,790	107,265	704,205	347,740	356,460
Welsh	17,760	8,575	9,180	80,455	38,715	41,740
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	19,610	9,260	10,355	90,865	44,055	46,815
French origins	148,810	72,060	76,750	411,560	201,160	210,395
Alsatian	20	15	15	200	120	80
Breton	120	40	75	60	25	35
Corsican	0	10	0	125	65	70
French	148,740	72,020	76,720	411,315	201,030	210,290
Western European origins (except French origins)	286,985	141,285	145,705	915,185	455,115	460,065
Austrian	12,325	6,190	6,135	39,530	19,225	20,305
Bavarian	15	10	0	110	60	55
Belgian	21,510	10,495	11,020	21,210	10,320	10,890
Dutch	55,525	27,375	28,150	195,720	97,735	97,990
Flemish	965	445	515	2,005	870	1,140
Frisian	140	75	55	685	380	305
German	220,735	108,650	112,080	712,955	353,755	359,195
Luxembourger	155	65	90	680	355	320
Swiss	5,475	2,660	2,810	24,310	11,905	12,410
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	140	65	75	830	390	440
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	80,295	38,580	41,720	329,990	159,695	170,295
Danish	7,895	3,850	4,050	60,380	29,240	31,135
Finnish	4,000	1,905	2,095	17,755	8,780	8,975
Icelandic	31,090	15,265	15,825	20,225	10,050	10,175
Norwegian	19,600	9,145	10,455	156,595	75,160	81,430
Swedish	22,470	10,530	11,945	97,840	46,445	51,385
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	2,540	1,260	1,285	13,515	7,005	6,505
Eastern European origins	287,695	141,310	146,380	685,270	336,430	348,845
Bulgarian	330	190	145	2,935	1,510	1,425
Byelorussian	885	430	455	2,200	1,165	1,035
Czech	4,590	2,165	2,425	20,865	10,405	10,460
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	2,155	1,120	1,040	10,055	4,800	5,255
Estonian	190	80	115	2,715	1,240	1,470
Hungarian	10,120	4,990	5,125	56,270	27,385	28,885
Latvian	1,365	655	715	3,245	1,585	1,660
Lithuanian	1,455	750	705	6,090	2,915	3,175
Moldovan	325	170	160	1,585	790	790
Polish	88,090	42,670	45,420	186,510	91,115	95,395
Romanian	5,835	2,790	3,045	34,230	16,520	17,710
Russian	58,225	28,625	29,605	107,800	51,840	55,960
Slovak	2,190	1,055	1,135	11,010	5,495	5,515
Ukrainian	180,055	88,615	91,445	369,090	181,600	187,490
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	895	415	480	1,910	1,015	895
Southern European origins	59,915	29,445	30,470	215,725	107,495	108,230
Albanian	415	220	195	2,935	1,555	1,385
Bosnian	1,030	505	520	3,870	1,985	1,890
Catalan	15	0	15	85	55	25
Croatian	2,930	1,430	1,500	14,220	7,535	6,690
Cypriot	45	25	15	160	90	70
Greek	4,130	2,070	2,060	15,025	7,790	7,235
Italian	23,210	11,675	11,530	101,265	50,975	50,285
Kosovar	45	20	25	420	210	210
Macedonian	225	120	110	1,015	485	535
Maltese	360	165	195	1,560	845	715
Montenegrin	40	10	30	290	185	105
Portuguese	14,540	7,215	7,320	22,385	11,395	10,985
Serbian	1,240	660	580	7,755	3,875	3,875
Sicilian	235	110	125	330	160	170
Slovenian	1,005	485	520	3,885	2,010	1,875
Spanish	12,625	5,680	6,945	48,055	22,225	25,835
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	1,060	540	525	5,120	2,495	2,625
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	65	40	30	245	120	125
Other European origins	10,950	5,550	5,400	22,805	11,700	11,105
Basque	100	65	35	425	210	215
Jewish	8,455	4,250	4,200	9,780	4,890	4,885
Roma (Gypsy)	155	70	85	465	220	245
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	185	100	85	995	505	490
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	2,130	1,090	1,040	11,255	5,940	5,310
Caribbean origins	10,805	5,355	5,450	36,120	18,050	18,070
Antiguan	60	20	40	455	265	190
Bahamian	60	35	25	310	180	130
Barbadian	740	390	350	2,065	980	1,080
Bermudan	40	30	15	210	120	90
Carib	65	30	40	135	45	85
Cuban	340	155	190	2,175	1,110	1,060
Dominican	275	145	135	930	530	395
Grenadian	160	85	80	595	300	295
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	235	90	150	2,235	1,210	1,025
Jamaican	4,585	2,250	2,335	17,325	8,540	8,785
Kittitian/Nevisian	10	10	0	95	65	30
Martinican	0	0	0	10	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	30	10	25
Puerto Rican	70	25	45	460	225	240
St. Lucian	30	20	15	595	295	300
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,395	1,240	1,160	5,180	2,685	2,490
Vincentian/Grenadinian	190	90	105	535	215	325
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	1,465	705	760	2,670	1,275	1,395
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	665	360	305	2,305	1,110	1,200
Latin, Central and South American origins	23,115	11,555	11,565	78,405	39,030	39,375
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	650	330	320	1,980	965	1,015
Arawak	10	10	10	105	30	70
Argentinian	475	230	245	1,385	705	680
Belizean	200	105	100	445	250	190
Bolivian	300	160	140	590	305	285
Brazilian	830	375	455	3,030	1,330	1,700
Chilean	1,520	720	795	8,105	4,115	3,990
Colombian	1,400	680	715	12,585	6,060	6,525
Costa Rican	65	40	25	575	270	305
Ecuadorian	125	70	55	890	405	485
Guatemalan	505	240	260	2,395	1,270	1,120
Guyanese	1,485	770	715	3,095	1,545	1,555
Hispanic	425	210	220	1,785	905	885
Honduran	520	245	280	760	405	355
Maya	220	135	80	580	310	275
Mexican	8,790	4,440	4,350	22,475	11,430	11,045
Nicaraguan	370	200	170	1,675	825	855
Panamanian	50	10	40	320	150	170
Paraguayan	2,080	1,070	1,010	340	155	190
Peruvian	350	130	225	2,740	1,245	1,495
Salvadorean	2,735	1,425	1,315	8,810	4,545	4,270
Uruguayan	35	10	20	315	180	135
Venezuelan	240	95	150	4,690	2,295	2,390
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	1,045	525	520	3,430	1,735	1,695
African origins	28,860	14,980	13,885	136,510	70,620	65,885
Central and West African origins	8,665	4,585	4,085	33,170	17,430	15,735
Akan	35	10	25	130	80	50
Angolan	10	10	0	295	155	140
Ashanti	25	10	10	130	70	55
Beninese	55	45	0	200	90	105
Burkinabe	20	10	10	100	50	50
Cameroonian	145	80	70	2,040	1,010	1,035
Chadian	10	10	0	75	55	20
Congolese	1,575	785	790	4,095	2,100	1,990
Edo	130	85	45	555	320	235
Ewe	15	10	10	125	70	55
Gabonese	25	20	10	25	10	20
Gambian	10	0	10	110	60	50
Ghanaian	380	220	170	4,470	2,365	2,100
Guinean	70	20	50	455	235	215
Ibo	435	205	225	1,760	935	825
Ivorian	120	45	75	655	355	295
Liberian	80	20	55	1,040	495	540
Malian	140	85	55	70	45	25
Malinké	35	20	10	95	55	45
Nigerian	3,860	2,130	1,735	13,010	6,815	6,200
Peulh	25	15	15	105	70	35
Senegalese	115	70	40	575	370	205
Sierra Leonean	320	155	165	740	395	345
Togolese	115	60	55	150	70	80
Wolof	25	10	15	70	45	25
Yoruba	1,050	540	510	2,990	1,600	1,385
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	545	260	285	1,865	985	875
North African origins	3,690	1,980	1,705	23,235	12,305	10,935
Algerian	100	35	60	1,620	805	815
Berber	150	90	55	685	415	270
Coptic	85	45	40	225	115	110
Dinka	30	25	10	565	320	250
Egyptian	1,335	720	620	8,525	4,515	4,010
Libyan	360	175	185	1,300	665	635
Maure	100	70	30	95	70	25
Moroccan	350	190	160	2,510	1,380	1,130
Sudanese	1,075	580	500	7,070	3,695	3,375
Tunisian	130	65	60	940	480	455
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	75	40	35	575	315	260
Southern and East African origins	10,500	5,420	5,080	56,560	29,285	27,275
Afrikaner	65	40	30	315	155	160
Amhara	140	100	45	450	240	215
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	150	90	65	700	395	310
Burundian	235	110	125	975	555	420
Djiboutian	45	30	15	170	90	75
Eritrean	2,300	1,240	1,055	7,960	4,250	3,715
Ethiopian	2,900	1,505	1,395	13,225	6,710	6,510
Harari	0	0	0	165	85	80
Kenyan	335	165	170	2,175	1,035	1,140
Malagasy	25	15	10	125	55	70
Mauritian	245	125	115	550	310	235
Oromo	325	185	140	1,355	765	595
Rwandan	300	145	155	1,420	745	675
Seychellois	45	20	30	35	25	10
Somali	1,740	900	845	14,100	7,315	6,790
South African	730	310	420	6,635	3,310	3,320
Tanzanian	90	55	30	1,030	525	505
Tigrian	320	200	120	700	380	320
Ugandan	255	125	130	1,155	645	510
Zambian	200	95	110	265	155	110
Zimbabwean	310	150	160	2,590	1,300	1,285
Zulu	30	15	10	295	135	160
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	440	230	210	3,875	2,010	1,870
Other African origins	6,670	3,350	3,325	26,150	12,995	13,155
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	825	405	415	2,525	1,220	1,305
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	5,925	2,965	2,965	23,960	11,950	12,010
Asian origins	178,655	88,885	89,765	756,335	370,390	385,945
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	11,850	6,130	5,715	97,355	51,035	46,315
Afghan	1,010	485	530	8,540	4,545	3,995
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	1,755	975	785	10,470	5,690	4,780
Armenian	495	250	250	1,780	865	910
Assyrian	40	30	10	560	300	255
Azerbaijani	55	35	20	615	280	335
Georgian	110	60	45	400	230	165
Hazara	0	0	0	365	190	170
Iranian	1,885	1,015	870	13,925	7,220	6,705
Iraqi	925	480	450	6,165	3,250	2,915
Israeli	775	410	360	1,565	830	740
Jordanian	235	100	135	1,325	670	655
Kazakh	335	185	145	565	260	310
Kurd	305	145	160	2,040	1,160	880
Kuwaiti	40	20	25	185	110	80
Kyrgyz	45	30	20	200	110	90
Lebanese	1,375	700	675	32,365	16,835	15,525
Palestinian	620	340	275	4,880	2,675	2,210
Pashtun	65	25	40	645	305	345
Saudi Arabian	170	95	70	390	205	180
Syrian	1,115	535	580	7,215	3,605	3,610
Tajik	55	20	40	265	160	105
Tatar	310	155	155	530	215	315
Turk	655	315	340	5,745	3,155	2,595
Turkmen	10	0	0	105	55	50
Uighur	10	10	0	270	125	140
Uzbek	70	45	20	485	225	260
Yemeni	100	45	55	930	440	485
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	305	145	155	2,445	1,305	1,140
South Asian origins	43,155	22,710	20,440	231,550	118,855	112,695
Bangladeshi	880	500	385	4,155	2,085	2,070
Bengali	200	115	85	1,660	870	790
Bhutanese	140	55	85	815	410	400
East Indian	34,470	18,110	16,355	174,510	89,140	85,370
Goan	50	30	30	495	265	225
Gujarati	220	120	100	855	445	410
Kashmiri	30	10	15	720	355	365
Nepali	500	250	250	4,600	2,490	2,110
Pakistani	3,370	1,795	1,575	29,265	15,075	14,190
Punjabi	3,830	1,995	1,840	15,645	8,230	7,420
Sinhalese	280	145	135	750	400	355
Sri Lankan	1,090	545	545	5,585	2,885	2,695
Tamil	245	145	105	1,050	565	485
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	725	415	305	4,845	2,500	2,335
East and Southeast Asian origins	124,100	60,175	63,925	431,135	202,400	228,735
Burmese	260	125	135	1,270	650	615
Cambodian (Khmer)	525	280	240	4,260	2,245	2,015
Chinese	30,150	14,980	15,170	188,280	90,735	97,545
Filipino	83,530	39,955	43,580	175,130	79,150	95,975
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	530	265	265	3,005	1,425	1,575
Japanese	2,675	1,305	1,365	16,595	7,510	9,085
Karen	455	195	255	740	390	345
Korean	4,545	2,300	2,240	22,410	10,655	11,755
Laotian	1,730	820	910	2,050	1,020	1,030
Malaysian	470	240	230	2,970	1,340	1,630
Mongolian	150	60	90	1,565	725	835
Singaporean	20	10	10	370	180	190
Taiwanese	150	90	60	1,995	855	1,140
Thai	750	335	420	2,735	980	1,750
Tibetan	15	10	10	965	500	465
Vietnamese	5,850	2,915	2,935	36,780	17,720	19,060
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	145	70	80	735	385	345
Other Asian origins	575	320	260	3,115	1,580	1,530
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	575	320	260	3,115	1,585	1,530
Oceania origins	1,525	740	785	15,500	7,825	7,680
Australian	910	415	495	7,785	3,975	3,810
New Zealander	315	170	140	2,905	1,535	1,370
Pacific Islands origins	345	180	165	5,150	2,510	2,635
Fijian	80	45	30	3,325	1,580	1,745
Hawaiian	60	30	30	425	190	235
Maori	55	30	25	640	325	320
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	95	45	45	205	105	95
Samoan	25	0	15	280	180	100
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	65	30	35	375	195	180
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	489,050	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Owner	336,170	...	...	1,105,795	...	...
Renter	140,260	...	...	412,150	...	...
Band housing	12,620	...	...	9,730	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	489,050	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Condominium	33,325	...	...	256,015	...	...
Not condominium	455,725	...	...	1,271,660	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	489,050	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
No bedrooms	3,745	...	...	5,440	...	...
1 bedroom	63,040	...	...	139,820	...	...
2 bedrooms	121,520	...	...	322,370	...	...
3 bedrooms	175,500	...	...	540,505	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	125,240	...	...	519,545	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	489,050	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	132,410	...	...	358,650	...	...
5 rooms	82,935	...	...	238,870	...	...
6 rooms	78,750	...	...	224,335	...	...
7 rooms	64,560	...	...	201,560	...	...
8 or more rooms	130,400	...	...	504,270	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	489,050	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
One person or fewer per room	473,625	...	...	1,494,875	...	...
More than 1 person per room	15,420	...	...	32,805	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	489,050	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Suitable	456,365	...	...	1,458,550	...	...
Not suitable	32,680	...	...	69,125	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	489,050	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
1960 or before	142,200	...	...	177,780	...	...
1961 to 1980	158,180	...	...	439,505	...	...
1981 to 1990	65,190	...	...	193,360	...	...
1991 to 2000	42,740	...	...	216,410	...	...
2001 to 2005	20,815	...	...	157,420	...	...
2006 to 2010	27,880	...	...	180,645	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	32,035	...	...	162,560	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	489,050	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	444,995	...	...	1,440,440	...	...
Major repairs needed	44,055	...	...	87,240	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	489,050	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
1 household maintainer	290,830	...	...	873,125	...	...
2 household maintainers	187,775	...	...	605,830	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	10,445	...	...	48,725	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	489,050	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
15 to 24 years	17,240	...	...	53,955	...	...
25 to 34 years	74,950	...	...	281,820	...	...
35 to 44 years	84,800	...	...	307,930	...	...
45 to 54 years	95,135	...	...	310,435	...	...
55 to 64 years	96,255	...	...	288,480	...	...
65 to 74 years	67,475	...	...	169,505	...	...
75 to 84 years	37,760	...	...	86,970	...	...
85 years and over	15,440	...	...	28,585	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	461,870	...	...	1,479,270	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	373,860	...	...	1,170,780	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	88,010	...	...	308,485	...	...
30% to less than 100%	76,075	...	...	268,795	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	324,120	...	...	1,075,465	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	60.4	...	...	65.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	11.4	...	...	15.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	973	...	...	1,481	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,085	...	...	1,531	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	275,473	...	...	400,104	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	297,444	...	...	449,790	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	138,905	...	...	410,225	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	19.4	...	...	10.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	36.9	...	...	36.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	868	...	...	1,243	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	891	...	...	1,279	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	1,001,305	491,580	509,725	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235
No certificate, diploma or degree	220,390	116,570	103,820	540,665	284,020	256,640
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	296,355	147,040	149,320	895,885	440,665	455,220
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	484,555	227,975	256,585	1,769,500	878,130	891,375
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	77,000	54,090	22,910	309,465	242,160	67,305
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	37,490	21,985	15,500	94,735	56,255	38,480
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	39,515	32,110	7,410	214,730	185,905	28,825
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	177,620	72,785	104,840	615,480	250,590	364,895
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,940	12,075	16,860	94,620	36,875	57,750
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	200,990	89,020	111,970	749,930	348,510	401,425
Bachelor's degree	143,780	61,350	82,430	530,085	235,610	294,470
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	16,040	6,675	9,365	39,955	18,075	21,880
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	6,105	3,515	2,595	21,850	11,810	10,045
Master's degree	29,305	13,830	15,470	133,265	67,215	66,055
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	5,765	3,645	2,115	24,770	15,805	8,965
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	654,670	323,300	331,370	2,257,820	1,131,030	1,126,795
No certificate, diploma or degree	94,310	54,700	39,610	244,755	136,085	108,675
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	182,335	93,000	89,330	569,435	283,290	286,145
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	378,030	175,595	202,435	1,443,635	711,655	731,975
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	53,800	38,185	15,620	238,220	189,180	49,035
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	25,955	15,460	10,490	69,415	42,445	26,970
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	27,850	22,725	5,125	168,805	146,740	22,065
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	137,930	57,445	80,485	496,375	203,350	293,020
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,215	8,995	12,220	73,315	29,315	44,005
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	165,085	70,970	94,115	635,730	289,810	345,920
Bachelor's degree	119,150	50,120	69,035	448,235	197,045	251,195
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	12,185	4,840	7,350	32,095	14,155	17,940
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	5,075	2,705	2,370	18,855	9,505	9,350
Master's degree	24,410	10,815	13,595	116,975	57,230	59,740
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	4,270	2,495	1,770	19,570	11,875	7,695
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	1,001,305	491,585	509,725	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	516,750	263,605	253,140	1,436,545	724,680	711,865
Education	44,855	11,705	33,145	121,930	29,000	92,930
13. Education	44,855	11,710	33,145	121,930	29,000	92,930
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	13,170	6,230	6,940	49,660	20,960	28,705
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,415	1,860	550	9,130	6,305	2,820
50. Visual and performing arts	10,755	4,365	6,390	40,535	14,650	25,885
Humanities	23,030	9,915	13,110	69,305	27,480	41,830
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,775	400	1,380	6,790	1,620	5,170
23. English language and literature/letters	3,905	1,110	2,795	15,110	4,270	10,840
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	7,065	2,820	4,240	20,660	7,275	13,390
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	60	25	30	225	105	125
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,590	940	650	4,890	2,750	2,140
39. Theology and religious vocations	4,510	2,590	1,925	11,435	6,560	4,865
54. History	3,410	1,855	1,555	8,600	4,560	4,045
55. French language and literature/letters	705	175	530	1,595	345	1,250
Social and behavioural sciences and law	46,555	15,805	30,750	159,735	51,705	108,030
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	880	220	660	2,345	470	1,875
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	3,115	1,225	1,890	17,180	6,320	10,865
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10,760	795	9,965	28,750	2,185	26,570
22. Legal professions and studies	7,130	2,365	4,760	29,000	9,355	19,645
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	955	305	650	2,190	605	1,580
42. Psychology	8,155	2,385	5,770	27,275	6,765	20,515
45. Social sciences	15,565	8,510	7,055	52,985	26,000	26,985
Business, management and public administration	95,115	34,865	60,255	361,530	133,045	228,485
30.16 Accounting and computer science	320	105	210	670	155	520
44. Public administration and social service professions	7,670	1,875	5,790	21,565	4,015	17,555
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	87,125	32,875	54,250	339,295	128,885	210,410
Physical and life sciences and technologies	16,120	8,165	7,950	72,850	38,330	34,525
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	6,625	2,990	3,640	25,850	10,955	14,895
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	4,325	2,285	2,040	15,410	7,270	8,145
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	470	70	395	555	170	385
40. Physical sciences	3,685	2,585	1,095	26,130	17,875	8,255
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,020	240	780	4,900	2,055	2,845
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	18,425	11,380	7,050	60,830	37,710	23,120
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15,225	10,050	5,175	48,975	32,855	16,125
25. Library science	1,140	175	965	4,295	515	3,780
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,945	1,080	865	7,050	4,020	3,035
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	120	75	40	515	330	185
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	96,625	89,275	7,350	463,185	415,665	47,520
04. Architecture and related services	2,420	1,380	1,040	11,325	7,140	4,190
14. Engineering	16,205	13,530	2,675	110,345	89,275	21,070
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	17,815	15,975	1,845	84,800	72,145	12,655
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	60	10	50
46. Construction trades	22,160	21,705	450	100,370	96,810	3,560
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	27,485	26,650	830	103,880	100,100	3,785
48. Precision production	10,530	10,030	505	52,400	50,195	2,205
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	14,540	10,260	4,275	44,270	27,245	17,025
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	11,380	8,280	3,100	28,440	17,860	10,580
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,160	1,980	1,180	15,830	9,390	6,445
Health and related fields	87,795	16,505	71,290	270,920	51,220	219,700
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	4,105	1,945	2,155	19,300	9,110	10,195
51. Health professions and related programs	81,865	13,450	68,415	245,265	38,460	206,810
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,825	1,110	715	6,350	3,650	2,695
Personal, protective and transportation services	28,275	13,845	14,435	95,140	45,720	49,415
12. Personal and culinary services	16,750	4,095	12,655	57,285	14,985	42,305
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	90	85	10	250	230	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	240	230	10	740	655	85
43. Security and protective services	5,005	3,680	1,330	16,985	11,590	5,400
49. Transportation and materials moving	6,185	5,750	435	19,880	18,270	1,610
Other	60	30	35	150	60	95
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	60	25	35	145	60	95
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	654,670	323,300	331,375	2,257,820	1,131,025	1,126,795
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	276,645	147,710	128,935	814,190	419,370	394,820
Education	31,645	7,860	23,785	91,020	19,920	71,105
13. Education	31,650	7,865	23,785	91,025	19,920	71,100
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10,350	4,875	5,475	40,255	16,670	23,585
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,815	1,335	480	7,095	4,810	2,285
50. Visual and performing arts	8,540	3,545	4,990	33,155	11,860	21,300
Humanities	17,250	7,370	9,880	55,985	21,840	34,145
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,485	330	1,155	5,690	1,310	4,380
23. English language and literature/letters	2,930	810	2,120	12,345	3,425	8,920
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	5,420	2,245	3,180	17,320	6,020	11,300
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	55	30	30	200	95	100
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,230	715	515	3,930	2,205	1,725
39. Theology and religious vocations	3,255	1,835	1,420	8,500	4,960	3,545
54. History	2,365	1,275	1,090	6,855	3,565	3,285
55. French language and literature/letters	505	135	370	1,140	245	895
Social and behavioural sciences and law	38,120	12,380	25,740	135,545	42,855	92,685
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	740	185	555	2,025	425	1,600
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,575	965	1,610	14,880	5,360	9,520
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	8,805	605	8,195	23,730	1,770	21,960
22. Legal professions and studies	6,085	1,795	4,285	25,095	7,395	17,705
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	815	265	550	1,790	530	1,255
42. Psychology	6,370	1,720	4,645	22,460	5,290	17,170
45. Social sciences	12,730	6,835	5,895	45,565	22,095	23,465
Business, management and public administration	76,370	27,865	48,495	301,995	110,825	191,170
30.16 Accounting and computer science	270	95	175	560	135	420
44. Public administration and social service professions	6,145	1,335	4,810	18,035	3,130	14,910
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	69,950	26,440	43,510	283,400	107,560	175,840
Physical and life sciences and technologies	12,195	5,930	6,270	58,120	29,655	28,465
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	5,290	2,265	3,025	20,925	8,620	12,310
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,005	1,595	1,405	12,175	5,740	6,435
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	405	65	345	460	155	305
40. Physical sciences	2,805	1,855	950	20,785	13,645	7,140
41. Science technologies/technicians	690	150	545	3,775	1,500	2,270
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15,955	9,965	5,985	53,975	33,590	20,385
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	13,600	9,015	4,585	44,735	29,980	14,750
25. Library science	790	135	650	3,400	440	2,965
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,465	760	700	5,420	2,915	2,500
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	100	60	45	420	255	165
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	73,680	67,440	6,240	376,875	335,210	41,670
04. Architecture and related services	2,025	1,160	865	9,335	5,630	3,710
14. Engineering	13,705	11,305	2,405	95,005	75,840	19,170
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	13,840	12,265	1,575	69,300	58,610	10,690
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	55	10	50
46. Construction trades	16,060	15,690	365	80,455	77,430	3,020
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	20,395	19,765	625	81,470	78,290	3,180
48. Precision production	7,655	7,250	405	41,255	39,405	1,850
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	11,450	7,800	3,645	35,820	21,060	14,760
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	8,760	6,170	2,590	21,990	12,970	9,025
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,695	1,635	1,060	13,825	8,090	5,740
Health and related fields	69,600	13,415	56,185	217,640	42,225	175,410
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	3,310	1,585	1,715	15,955	7,530	8,425
51. Health professions and related programs	64,870	11,020	53,850	196,250	31,775	164,475
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,430	810	620	5,435	2,925	2,505
Personal, protective and transportation services	21,365	10,660	10,705	76,300	37,755	38,540
12. Personal and culinary services	12,255	2,980	9,275	44,755	12,085	32,670
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	90	85	10	190	170	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	110	105	0	460	410	50
43. Security and protective services	4,025	2,945	1,080	14,100	9,595	4,505
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,885	4,545	340	16,795	15,490	1,305
Other	50	30	25	115	55	60
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	50	25	25	110	55	60
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	1,001,305	491,585	509,725	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	516,750	263,610	253,145	1,436,545	724,685	711,865
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	484,555	227,975	256,585	1,769,505	878,130	891,370
Location of study inside Canada	403,775	188,230	215,540	1,424,855	709,950	714,905
Same as province or territory of residence	352,390	162,050	190,340	1,064,560	530,135	534,430
Different than province or territory of residence	51,385	26,185	25,200	360,290	179,815	180,475
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	80,785	39,745	41,040	344,645	168,180	176,465
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	9,155	4,910	4,245	45,690	25,545	20,145
Philippines	26,450	11,595	14,860	68,760	26,480	42,280
India	10,365	5,300	5,070	41,560	21,025	20,535
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	4,180	2,350	1,825	28,630	16,255	12,370
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,865	1,330	1,535	18,850	8,805	10,050
France	395	235	165	2,150	1,275	875
Other	27,375	14,030	13,345	139,010	68,800	70,210
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	654,670	323,300	331,375	2,257,820	1,131,030	1,126,795
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	276,640	147,705	128,935	814,190	419,375	394,820
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	378,035	175,595	202,440	1,443,630	711,655	731,980
Location of study inside Canada	309,655	142,710	166,950	1,150,780	572,180	578,595
Same as province or territory of residence	270,435	123,090	147,340	857,370	426,365	431,010
Different than province or territory of residence	39,225	19,615	19,610	293,410	145,820	147,590
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	68,375	32,885	35,485	292,850	139,470	153,380
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	6,215	3,005	3,210	34,655	18,640	16,015
Philippines	24,495	10,775	13,720	64,000	24,435	39,565
India	9,430	4,770	4,660	37,240	18,505	18,740
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	2,465	1,385	1,080	20,065	11,390	8,675
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,630	1,210	1,420	16,600	7,630	8,965
France	340	195	145	1,870	1,105	765
Other	22,805	11,555	11,255	118,425	57,770	60,655
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	1,001,305	491,580	509,725	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235
In the labour force	662,155	347,685	314,465	2,302,945	1,238,280	1,064,655
Employed	617,465	322,130	295,335	2,096,105	1,114,360	981,745
Unemployed	44,690	25,560	19,130	206,835	123,925	82,910
Not in the labour force	339,155	143,895	195,260	903,105	364,525	538,580
Participation rate	66.1	70.7	61.7	71.8	77.3	66.4
Employment rate	61.7	65.5	57.9	65.4	69.5	61.2
Unemployment rate	6.7	7.4	6.1	9.0	10.0	7.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	1,001,310	491,585	509,725	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	312,495	131,600	180,900	806,150	318,845	487,310
Worked	688,810	359,980	328,830	2,399,895	1,283,965	1,115,930
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	358,800	206,460	152,330	1,193,860	698,530	495,330
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	330,010	153,520	176,495	1,206,035	585,430	620,595
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.9	43.5	42.3	42.5	43.1	41.7
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	662,155	347,685	314,465	2,302,940	1,238,285	1,064,660
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	12,625	6,125	6,505	40,005	18,650	21,360
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	649,530	341,560	307,965	2,262,935	1,219,635	1,043,300
Employee	580,885	296,560	284,325	1,984,225	1,042,630	941,595
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	68,645	45,000	23,640	278,710	177,010	101,705
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	662,155	347,690	314,470	2,302,940	1,238,280	1,064,660
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	12,625	6,125	6,505	40,010	18,645	21,360
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	649,525	341,565	307,965	2,262,935	1,219,635	1,043,300
0 Management occupations	71,455	45,945	25,510	261,505	167,260	94,245
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	96,050	27,530	68,515	353,965	95,685	258,280
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	34,135	26,895	7,240	175,025	136,240	38,795
3 Health occupations	52,280	10,830	41,450	150,415	28,130	122,290
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	86,055	27,425	58,630	228,325	74,105	154,220
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	14,355	6,025	8,325	50,170	19,960	30,210
6 Sales and service occupations	144,490	62,735	81,760	491,495	204,245	287,255
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	102,660	97,500	5,160	406,495	376,375	30,120
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	18,400	14,490	3,910	72,465	59,465	13,000
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	29,650	22,180	7,475	73,070	58,170	14,895
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	662,155	347,685	314,465	2,302,940	1,238,280	1,064,660
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	12,625	6,120	6,500	40,005	18,650	21,360
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	649,525	341,560	307,965	2,262,935	1,219,630	1,043,305
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	28,680	20,765	7,920	64,035	43,045	20,990
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	5,460	4,830	635	142,490	109,105	33,390
22 Utilities	7,390	5,625	1,765	21,940	15,345	6,595
23 Construction	49,575	43,990	5,585	236,370	201,640	34,730
31-33 Manufacturing	54,645	40,800	13,845	127,535	96,045	31,490
41 Wholesale trade	21,890	16,040	5,850	80,610	56,840	23,775
44-45 Retail trade	69,700	33,960	35,740	249,880	115,065	134,810
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	35,490	28,350	7,145	115,295	83,675	31,620
51 Information and cultural industries	10,875	6,085	4,790	33,045	18,625	14,420
52 Finance and insurance	25,885	9,615	16,270	69,225	25,230	43,995
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	8,235	4,565	3,670	41,520	23,075	18,450
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	28,470	14,790	13,680	167,800	94,565	73,240
55 Management of companies and enterprises	635	250	380	5,560	2,760	2,795
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	22,285	13,105	9,170	87,350	49,595	37,760
61 Educational services	55,025	17,480	37,540	147,270	44,160	103,110
62 Health care and social assistance	93,960	18,345	75,615	245,875	41,235	204,645
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	12,980	6,620	6,360	44,880	21,550	23,335
72 Accommodation and food services	43,655	17,430	26,230	153,790	62,220	91,570
81 Other services (except public administration)	28,055	13,740	14,315	105,865	50,455	55,405
91 Public administration	46,645	25,180	21,465	122,595	65,420	57,175
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	617,465	322,125	295,335	2,096,110	1,114,360	981,745
Worked at home	42,530	23,485	19,050	162,465	77,935	84,530
Worked outside Canada	1,935	1,305	630	6,270	4,715	1,555
No fixed workplace address	68,420	52,715	15,710	307,065	236,995	70,070
Worked at usual place	504,580	244,620	259,960	1,620,310	794,720	825,595
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	504,580	244,620	259,960	1,620,310	794,720	825,595
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	384,465	181,650	202,820	1,186,170	554,850	631,330
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	50,350	23,760	26,580	358,010	190,730	167,280
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	66,495	37,055	29,435	64,360	41,925	22,435
Commute to a different province or territory	3,275	2,150	1,120	11,770	7,210	4,560
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	573,005	297,335	275,665	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665
Car, truck, van - as a driver	431,755	237,860	193,895	1,497,440	832,890	664,545
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	40,595	14,520	26,070	99,635	40,215	59,420
Public transit	53,740	21,780	31,955	194,560	88,325	106,235
Walked	32,330	13,815	18,520	85,805	38,030	47,775
Bicycle	8,175	5,670	2,505	21,925	14,685	7,240
Other method	6,410	3,695	2,715	28,015	17,560	10,455
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	573,000	297,340	275,665	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665
Less than 15 minutes	185,120	87,795	97,320	519,085	237,105	281,980
15 to 29 minutes	208,570	108,680	99,890	706,940	377,165	329,780
30 to 44 minutes	115,090	63,555	51,535	422,070	243,905	178,165
45 to 59 minutes	36,755	20,485	16,270	148,620	86,485	62,135
60 minutes and over	27,470	16,820	10,650	130,665	87,060	43,605
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	573,000	297,335	275,665	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	28,060	20,145	7,915	145,660	107,460	38,200
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	104,545	65,630	38,925	395,425	254,225	141,200
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	168,760	90,125	78,630	567,530	297,825	269,705
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	126,090	50,885	75,200	347,270	147,425	199,845
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	53,120	22,305	30,810	188,660	77,175	111,490
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	92,430	48,240	44,190	282,820	147,600	135,225
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	710,830	370,255	340,575	2,467,410	1,314,320	1,153,090
Single responses	702,445	366,000	336,445	2,446,600	1,304,240	1,142,360
Official languages	694,855	361,770	333,090	2,425,545	1,292,940	1,132,610
English	688,400	359,660	328,730	2,418,990	1,290,870	1,128,120
French	6,455	2,100	4,355	6,560	2,070	4,490
Non-official languages	7,590	4,235	3,360	21,055	11,305	9,750
Aboriginal languages	1,815	1,025	800	1,000	550	450
Algonquian languages	1,755	990	755	670	355	315
Blackfoot	0	0	0	75	50	30
Cree-Montagnais languages	985	565	420	565	295	270
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	10	10	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	30	10	20
Cree, n.o.s.	980	565	415	535	280	255
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	770	430	335	20	15	10
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	230	125	110	25	15	10
Oji-Cree	535	310	230	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	55	25	30	75	45	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	60	25	30	75	40	35
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	55	30	30	60	35	25
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	10	10	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	10	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	10	0	0	255	155	105
Dakota	0	10	0	15	10	10
Stoney	0	0	0	240	140	95
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	5,770	3,215	2,560	20,050	10,755	9,300
Afro-Asiatic languages	300	155	145	940	575	360
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	30	10	20	100	45	55
Bilen	0	0	0	10	0	10
Oromo	0	0	0	25	15	15
Somali	30	10	20	60	25	35
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	270	145	125	840	530	305
Amharic	15	0	10	85	50	35
Arabic	105	70	40	610	415	195
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	10	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	115	50	65	50	15	35
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	35	25	10	40	15	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	140	35	100	1,305	515	790
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	15	10	0
Vietnamese	140	35	100	1,290	505	780
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	485	245	240	850	420	430
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	0	0	15	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ilocano	0	0	0	30	10	20
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	10	0	10	10	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	470	235	240	785	405	380
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Creole languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	55	25	35
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	0	0	15	10	0
Tamil	0	0	0	35	15	15
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,115	1,865	1,255	8,280	4,855	3,425
Albanian	0	0	0	30	20	10
Armenian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	480	245	235	690	335	355
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	480	245	235	695	335	360
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	10	10	15	15	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Croatian	0	0	0	15	10	15
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Polish	65	50	20	220	135	85
Russian	280	145	135	275	120	160
Serbian	0	0	0	25	0	20
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	25	0	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	110	40	70	100	40	55
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,300	790	505	2,535	1,700	840
Afrikaans	10	10	0	30	10	20
Danish	0	0	0	10	0	10
Dutch	40	10	30	145	80	65
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	950	585	370	2,160	1,455	700
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	10	10	0	10
Swedish	0	10	0	15	10	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	0	0	0	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	290	185	105	165	135	30
Greek	0	0	0	20	15	0
Indo-Iranian languages	755	505	260	3,215	1,870	1,350
Indo-Aryan languages	685	455	225	3,010	1,735	1,275
Bengali	20	0	15	25	10	15
Gujarati	10	10	10	75	15	60
Hindi	40	40	0	210	110	100
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	0	0	40	20	15
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	605	400	210	2,480	1,510	970
Sindhi	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Urdu	10	0	10	155	50	100
Iranian languages	75	45	30	200	130	70
Kurdish	10	10	10	15	10	0
Pashto	0	0	0	15	15	0
Persian (Farsi)	65	45	20	175	105	70
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	580	330	245	1,780	920	860
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	20	10	10	30	10	15
Portuguese	330	215	115	140	70	70
Romanian	10	10	0	50	30	20
Spanish	220	100	125	1,560	800	760
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	0	195	75	125
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	305	150	150	785	350	435
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	15	0	35	10	30
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	10	0	30	10	25
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	210	80	135	230	120	115
American Sign Language	155	65	95	125	40	85
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	55	15	45	105	80	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,170	650	515	7,080	3,665	3,420
Chinese languages	1,160	650	515	7,035	3,635	3,400
Cantonese	690	380	315	4,545	2,340	2,205
Hakka	0	0	0	15	0	10
Mandarin	440	255	185	2,170	1,125	1,045
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	0	30	10	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	10	10	275	155	125
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	10	10	45	30	20
Burmese	0	0	0	10	10	10
Karenic languages	0	0	0	25	15	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0	10	125	60	65
Lao	10	0	10	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	130	60	65
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	80	35	45
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	65	30	30
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	10	0	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Uralic languages	0	0	0	70	45	25
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	10	10	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	65	40	25
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Multiple responses	8,390	4,255	4,125	20,810	10,080	10,735
English and French	2,655	1,150	1,505	4,525	2,050	2,475
English and non-official language	5,680	3,085	2,590	15,935	7,860	8,075
French and non-official language	10	0	0	55	25	30
English, French and non-official language	45	20	30	295	140	155
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	710,835	370,255	340,575	2,467,410	1,314,320	1,153,095
None	662,595	346,710	315,885	2,370,575	1,264,955	1,105,620
English	8,550	3,690	4,855	13,805	6,540	7,270
French	13,320	5,825	7,495	23,920	11,380	12,545
Non-official language	25,960	13,815	12,145	57,640	30,700	26,935
Aboriginal	6,500	3,245	3,255	5,045	2,370	2,680
Non-Aboriginal	19,460	10,575	8,890	52,590	28,335	24,260
English and French	10	0	10	30	15	15
English and non-official language	65	45	20	215	105	110
French and non-official language	335	160	175	1,220	625	595
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	0	10	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	1,225,480	606,585	618,895	3,925,440	1,971,515	1,953,920
Non-movers	1,064,380	527,020	537,360	3,318,340	1,667,060	1,651,280
Movers	161,100	79,570	81,535	607,095	304,450	302,640
Non-migrants	105,090	52,025	53,065	394,230	199,640	194,590
Migrants	56,010	27,545	28,465	212,865	104,815	108,050
Internal migrants	41,305	20,285	21,020	166,390	82,335	84,055
Intraprovincial migrants	30,395	14,720	15,675	120,105	59,845	60,260
Interprovincial migrants	10,915	5,565	5,345	46,280	22,490	23,795
External migrants	14,705	7,260	7,445	46,475	22,480	23,995
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	1,161,240	573,310	587,930	3,714,635	1,863,450	1,851,190
Non-movers	718,640	355,585	363,050	2,052,580	1,028,510	1,024,070
Movers	442,600	217,725	224,875	1,662,055	834,935	827,120
Non-migrants	261,015	128,560	132,455	899,165	454,700	444,465
Migrants	181,585	89,165	92,420	762,890	380,235	382,655
Internal migrants	117,135	56,880	60,260	559,860	280,255	279,610
Intraprovincial migrants	86,295	41,295	45,000	333,775	165,900	167,875
Interprovincial migrants	30,840	15,580	15,260	226,090	114,355	111,730
External migrants	64,445	32,285	32,165	203,025	99,980	103,045

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Manitoba [Province] and Alberta [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 24, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Manitoba [Province] and Alberta [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Manitoba [Province] and Alberta [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Manitoba [Province] and Alberta [Province]