Census Profile, 2016 Census
Saskatchewan [Province] and Canada [Country]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Saskatchewan [Province]			Canada [Country]
	Data quality , Saskatchewan [Province] Map : Saskatchewan [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : Canada [Country] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	1,098,352	...	...	35,151,728	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	1,033,381	...	...	33,476,688	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	6.3	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	495,582	...	...	15,412,443	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	432,622	...	...	14,072,079	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	588,243.54	...	...	8,965,588.85	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	1,098,350	545,785	552,565	35,151,730	17,264,200	17,887,530
0 to 14 years	215,685	110,410	105,275	5,839,565	2,992,920	2,846,645
0 to 4 years	73,130	37,335	35,795	1,898,790	973,030	925,760
5 to 9 years	74,460	38,155	36,305	2,018,130	1,034,685	983,445
10 to 14 years	68,095	34,920	33,175	1,922,645	985,200	937,445
15 to 64 years	712,240	358,110	354,130	23,376,530	11,576,130	11,800,400
15 to 19 years	67,660	34,675	32,980	2,026,160	1,039,215	986,940
20 to 24 years	70,060	36,075	33,985	2,242,690	1,144,495	1,098,200
25 to 29 years	77,525	39,290	38,235	2,285,990	1,144,470	1,141,515
30 to 34 years	77,520	38,610	38,915	2,329,395	1,148,290	1,181,110
35 to 39 years	71,590	35,940	35,650	2,288,365	1,118,635	1,169,730
40 to 44 years	64,950	32,515	32,440	2,255,135	1,104,440	1,150,695
45 to 49 years	63,580	31,780	31,795	2,359,965	1,157,760	1,202,210
50 to 54 years	75,245	37,230	38,015	2,678,075	1,318,755	1,359,320
55 to 59 years	76,195	38,070	38,125	2,620,240	1,285,190	1,335,055
60 to 64 years	67,915	33,935	33,985	2,290,510	1,114,885	1,175,630
65 years and over	170,425	77,265	93,160	5,935,630	2,695,150	3,240,485
65 to 69 years	53,230	26,285	26,945	1,972,480	953,075	1,019,405
70 to 74 years	37,740	18,225	19,510	1,420,875	677,975	742,900
75 to 79 years	29,400	13,415	15,985	1,021,850	469,550	552,300
80 to 84 years	23,115	9,945	13,170	749,650	325,765	423,880
85 years and over	26,940	9,395	17,550	770,780	268,790	501,990
85 to 89 years	16,280	6,305	9,975	482,525	185,535	296,990
90 to 94 years	8,000	2,515	5,485	223,510	68,675	154,835
95 to 99 years	2,290	520	1,760	56,525	13,240	43,280
100 years and over	375	50	325	8,230	1,340	6,890
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.6	20.2	19.1	16.6	17.3	15.9
15 to 64 years	64.8	65.6	64.1	66.5	67.1	66.0
65 years and over	15.5	14.2	16.9	16.9	15.6	18.1
85 years and over	2.5	1.7	3.2	2.2	1.6	2.8
Average age of the population	39.1	38.2	40.0	41.0	40.1	41.9
Median age of the population	37.8	36.9	38.7	41.2	40.2	42.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	432,620	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
Single-detached house	314,340	...	...	7,541,495	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	10,520	...	...	1,391,040	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	98,435	...	...	4,949,795	...	...
Semi-detached house	12,705	...	...	698,800	...	...
Row house	18,535	...	...	891,305	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	9,385	...	...	784,300	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	57,115	...	...	2,539,390	...	...
Other single-attached house	700	...	...	36,005	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	9,325	...	...	189,755	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	432,625	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
1 person	121,175	...	...	3,969,790	...	...
2 persons	153,610	...	...	4,834,605	...	...
3 persons	60,240	...	...	2,140,640	...	...
4 persons	56,080	...	...	1,946,275	...	...
5 or more persons	41,520	...	...	1,180,770	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,070,560	...	...	34,460,060	...	...
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	882,670	435,375	447,290	29,312,160	14,271,280	15,040,885
Married or living common law	520,430	261,075	259,355	16,893,720	8,452,135	8,441,585
Married	437,875	219,800	218,075	13,383,455	6,693,465	6,689,990
Living common law	82,550	41,270	41,280	3,510,265	1,758,670	1,751,590
Not married and not living common law	362,240	174,310	187,930	12,418,440	5,819,140	6,599,300
Never married	242,070	133,750	108,325	8,254,340	4,444,425	3,809,915
Separated	19,795	8,945	10,855	718,295	309,905	408,400
Divorced	47,180	20,985	26,200	1,816,005	725,535	1,090,470
Widowed	53,190	10,635	42,555	1,629,800	339,280	1,290,525
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	302,260	...	...	9,840,730	...	...
2 persons	157,195	...	...	5,007,790	...	...
3 persons	58,770	...	...	2,107,830	...	...
4 persons	54,125	...	...	1,909,935	...	...
5 or more persons	32,170	...	...	815,170	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	302,260	...	...	9,840,730	...	...
Total couple families	252,765	...	...	8,227,925	...	...
Married couples	211,500	...	...	6,474,005	...	...
Common-law couples	41,265	...	...	1,753,920	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	49,495	...	...	1,612,805	...	...
Female parent	38,165	...	...	1,262,340	...	...
Male parent	11,330	...	...	350,465	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	252,770	...	...	8,227,925	...	...
Couples without children	129,085	...	...	4,024,305	...	...
Couples with children	123,685	...	...	4,203,615	...	...
1 child	45,495	...	...	1,650,165	...	...
2 children	49,035	...	...	1,783,080	...	...
3 or more children	29,150	...	...	770,375	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	49,490	...	...	1,612,805	...	...
1 child	28,110	...	...	983,485	...	...
2 children	13,280	...	...	457,670	...	...
3 or more children	8,105	...	...	171,655	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	187,765	95,550	92,210	6,107,260	2,941,395	3,165,865
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	432,620	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
One-census-family households	285,675	...	...	9,218,225	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	124,620	...	...	3,782,095	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	161,055	...	...	5,436,135	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	7,975	...	...	301,715	...	...
Non-census-family households	138,965	...	...	4,552,135	...	...
One-person households	121,175	...	...	3,969,790	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	17,795	...	...	582,350	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	1,083,240	539,100	544,130	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,080
English only	1,023,400	511,940	511,460	23,757,525	11,838,075	11,919,455
French only	535	255	280	4,144,685	1,925,845	2,218,840
English and French	51,360	23,290	28,065	6,216,065	3,071,325	3,144,740
Neither English nor French	7,945	3,620	4,325	648,970	265,920	383,045
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	1,083,240	539,105	544,135	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085
English	1,060,225	528,155	532,075	26,007,500	12,852,330	13,155,165
French	13,555	6,590	6,960	7,705,755	3,780,105	3,925,650
English and French	1,770	890	885	417,485	209,130	208,355
Neither English nor French	7,685	3,475	4,220	636,515	259,600	376,910
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	14,435	7,035	7,405	7,914,495	3,884,670	4,029,825
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.3	1.3	1.4	22.8	22.7	22.8
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	1,083,240	539,105	544,135	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,085
Single responses	1,064,675	530,145	534,530	33,948,620	16,702,840	17,245,775
Official languages	907,715	452,955	454,760	26,627,555	13,201,620	13,425,940
English	892,615	445,635	446,985	19,460,850	9,680,125	9,780,725
French	15,100	7,320	7,775	7,166,705	3,521,495	3,645,215
Non-official languages	156,960	77,195	79,770	7,321,065	3,501,220	3,819,840
Aboriginal languages	28,340	13,685	14,660	195,700	94,795	100,900
Algonquian languages	19,965	9,640	10,325	130,450	62,930	67,520
Blackfoot	10	5	5	2,815	1,325	1,490
Cree-Montagnais languages	19,015	9,190	9,825	88,445	42,920	45,530
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,150	3,135	3,015
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	10,230	4,885	5,350
Moose Cree	5	0	0	100	50	55
Naskapi	5	0	0	1,205	590	620
Northern East Cree	30	15	10	315	125	190
Plains Cree	2,080	975	1,105	3,065	1,360	1,710
Southern East Cree	5	5	5	45	20	25
Swampy Cree	250	115	135	1,440	585	850
Woods Cree	780	370	410	1,840	865	975
Cree, n.o.s.	15,860	7,710	8,155	64,050	31,305	32,745
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	5	6,990	3,310	3,680
Malecite	0	0	0	305	140	160
Mi'kmaq	5	5	5	6,690	3,170	3,520
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	935	445	490	32,150	15,350	16,800
Algonquin	0	0	0	1,260	590	670
Ojibway	925	440	485	17,890	8,440	9,450
Oji-Cree	10	5	5	12,855	6,260	6,595
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	150	65	85
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	45	25	20
Athabaskan languages	7,860	3,800	4,060	17,365	8,325	9,045
Northern Athabaskan languages	7,860	3,805	4,055	17,315	8,310	9,010
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	110	55	60
Beaver	0	0	0	190	85	105
Carrier	0	0	0	1,025	465	565
Chilcotin	0	0	0	660	295	360
Dene	7,855	3,800	4,055	10,700	5,185	5,515
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	1,645	840	815
Gwich'in	0	0	0	260	110	145
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	80	25	50
Sekani	0	0	0	90	45	45
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	1,995	950	1,045
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	765	365	400
South Slavey	0	0	0	945	455	495
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	280	130	150
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	270	135	140
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	180	90	90
Tahltan	0	0	0	95	40	50
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	290	120	170
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	215	90	135
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	70	30	40
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	50	20	35
Haida	0	0	0	75	35	40
Inuit languages	35	10	20	36,545	18,100	18,445
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	5	0	1,025	445	575
Inuktitut	20	10	15	35,215	17,530	17,680
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	315	125	185
Iroquoian languages	5	0	5	1,115	485	635
Cayuga	0	0	0	45	20	20
Mohawk	0	0	5	980	430	555
Oneida	0	0	0	55	20	40
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20
Kutenai	0	0	0	105	55	55
Michif	235	110	125	465	230	235
Salish languages	5	5	0	2,305	1,130	1,180
Comox	0	0	0	80	45	40
Halkomelem	0	0	0	475	225	245
Lillooet	0	0	0	315	155	155
Okanagan	0	5	0	270	135	135
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	5	0	0	445	225	220
Squamish	0	0	0	40	20	20
Straits	0	0	0	80	40	40
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	5	0	335	150	185
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	255	135	125
Siouan languages	230	110	120	4,285	2,070	2,220
Dakota	195	85	105	1,215	570	635
Stoney	5	0	0	3,025	1,465	1,555
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	55	30	25
Tlingit	0	0	0	95	40	55
Tsimshian languages	5	0	0	1,480	730	755
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	880	435	445
Nisga'a	5	0	0	400	200	200
Tsimshian	5	5	0	200	90	110
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	805	370	435
Haisla	0	0	0	90	40	50
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	95	40	55
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	325	145	185
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	285	135	140
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	5	5	585	295	295
Non-Aboriginal languages	128,620	63,510	65,110	7,125,365	3,406,425	3,718,945
Afro-Asiatic languages	6,770	3,560	3,215	575,365	298,060	277,300
Berber languages	10	5	0	22,135	11,865	10,270
Kabyle	5	0	0	13,150	6,995	6,155
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	8,985	4,865	4,115
Cushitic languages	1,050	505	545	42,885	20,095	22,790
Bilen	55	25	30	805	455	350
Oromo	195	100	90	4,960	2,560	2,400
Somali	775	355	415	36,755	16,895	19,865
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	365	195	170
Semitic languages	5,685	3,035	2,650	509,190	265,465	243,725
Amharic	290	140	155	22,465	10,720	11,745
Arabic	4,040	2,200	1,840	419,890	220,785	199,105
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	305	160	145	16,070	7,910	8,160
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	150	75	75	5,545	2,780	2,770
Harari	5	0	0	1,320	635	685
Hebrew	75	45	30	19,530	10,480	9,045
Maltese	10	5	5	5,565	2,765	2,800
Tigrigna	680	340	340	16,650	8,310	8,340
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	130	65	60	2,155	1,085	1,070
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	5	1,155	635	520
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,560	1,250	1,305	176,725	81,810	94,920
Khmer (Cambodian)	135	70	70	20,130	9,270	10,860
Vietnamese	2,420	1,180	1,235	156,425	72,470	83,955
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	170	65	100
Austronesian languages	23,415	11,130	12,280	511,480	211,580	299,900
Bikol	85	40	40	1,790	790	1,000
Cebuano	1,545	685	855	19,890	7,930	11,960
Fijian	25	20	5	745	400	345
Hiligaynon	255	120	140	6,885	2,680	4,205
Ilocano	790	370	415	26,345	10,620	15,720
Malagasy	0	0	0	1,430	665	760
Malay	125	55	70	12,275	5,255	7,020
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	175	80	95	4,040	1,865	2,175
Pangasinan	40	15	25	1,390	590	800
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20,045	9,590	10,455	431,380	178,575	252,810
Waray-Waray	60	30	35	1,110	430	675
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	265	125	140	4,195	1,770	2,425
Creole languages	220	105	120	72,125	32,310	39,820
Haitian Creole	5	0	5	3,030	1,445	1,590
Creole, n.o.s.	150	70	80	64,105	28,455	35,660
Creole languages, n.i.e.	65	30	35	4,985	2,410	2,575
Dravidian languages	1,560	865	700	189,405	94,765	94,640
Kannada	60	35	30	3,970	2,040	1,935
Malayalam	850	455	395	28,570	14,770	13,800
Tamil	350	200	150	140,720	69,080	71,640
Telugu	285	165	120	15,655	8,640	7,020
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	490	240	250
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	795	395	405
Indo-European languages	73,170	36,230	36,930	3,877,330	1,889,400	1,987,930
Albanian	380	190	190	26,890	13,610	13,285
Armenian	70	40	30	33,455	16,270	17,185
Balto-Slavic languages	18,460	8,490	9,970	701,975	323,640	378,340
Baltic languages	175	85	90	12,530	5,315	7,215
Latvian	100	45	50	5,455	2,350	3,105
Lithuanian	75	40	35	7,075	2,965	4,115
Slavic languages	18,285	8,400	9,885	689,450	318,325	371,115
Belarusan	0	0	0	810	385	430
Bosnian	225	110	120	12,210	6,035	6,180
Bulgarian	65	35	30	20,025	9,675	10,345
Croatian	455	240	220	48,200	23,540	24,665
Czech	235	115	125	22,290	10,525	11,765
Macedonian	55	30	30	16,775	8,050	8,725
Polish	1,865	850	1,015	181,710	82,435	99,275
Russian	3,045	1,460	1,580	188,255	85,400	102,855
Serbian	465	235	225	57,350	28,535	28,815
Serbo-Croatian	120	60	65	9,555	4,565	4,985
Slovak	115	60	55	17,580	8,075	9,510
Slovene (Slovenian)	80	40	45	9,790	4,415	5,370
Ukrainian	11,270	5,035	6,230	102,485	45,440	57,040
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	290	145	145	2,415	1,255	1,165
Celtic languages	60	30	30	2,690	1,335	1,360
Scottish Gaelic	10	5	5	1,090	540	550
Welsh	30	10	15	1,075	495	575
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	5	530	295	235
Germanic languages	24,455	11,710	12,745	538,765	258,410	280,350
Afrikaans	880	450	430	10,265	5,115	5,145
Danish	255	145	110	12,630	6,245	6,390
Dutch	1,385	685	700	99,020	48,200	50,820
Frisian	30	20	10	2,100	1,095	1,005
German	21,320	10,150	11,170	384,035	183,215	200,820
Icelandic	55	20	25	1,285	600	685
Norwegian	310	140	165	4,615	2,170	2,445
Swedish	150	60	90	6,840	3,015	3,825
Vlaams (Flemish)	60	25	35	3,895	1,730	2,165
Yiddish	25	10	10	13,555	6,750	6,800
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	525	280	240
Greek	935	490	445	106,525	53,350	53,170
Indo-Iranian languages	22,335	12,065	10,270	1,312,750	664,120	648,630
Indo-Aryan languages	19,995	10,780	9,210	1,064,760	538,530	526,235
Bengali	2,795	1,495	1,300	73,125	37,410	35,720
Gujarati	2,510	1,420	1,090	108,780	55,105	53,670
Hindi	1,545	880	665	110,640	55,880	54,765
Kashmiri	20	10	10	565	300	265
Konkani	35	15	10	3,330	1,625	1,710
Marathi	140	80	55	8,295	4,300	3,995
Nepali	770	400	370	18,275	9,230	9,045
Oriya (Odia)	25	10	10	1,055	560	495
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5,250	2,890	2,360	501,680	253,515	248,160
Sindhi	120	65	55	11,860	5,605	6,260
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	270	130	135	16,335	8,050	8,285
Urdu	6,520	3,380	3,135	210,815	106,960	103,860
Iranian languages	2,065	1,130	940	242,805	122,835	119,970
Kurdish	145	80	65	11,705	6,345	5,355
Pashto	555	315	235	16,910	8,760	8,145
Persian (Farsi)	1,370	735	635	214,200	107,725	106,470
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	275	155	120	5,180	2,755	2,425
Italic (Romance) languages	6,470	3,225	3,250	1,154,270	558,660	595,615
Catalan	5	0	0	865	440	425
Italian	705	365	340	375,635	184,415	191,220
Portuguese	615	265	350	221,540	106,630	114,910
Romanian	850	425	430	96,665	46,195	50,470
Spanish	4,290	2,165	2,125	458,850	220,605	238,245
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	720	380	340
Japanese	320	100	220	43,640	14,790	28,855
Kartvelian languages	5	5	5	1,715	910	805
Georgian	5	0	5	1,715	910	805
Korean	1,670	800	865	153,425	70,310	83,115
Mongolic languages	40	20	25	1,575	690	885
Mongolian	40	20	25	1,575	690	880
Niger-Congo languages	2,310	1,235	1,075	91,375	45,075	46,305
Akan (Twi)	190	115	75	13,455	6,490	6,970
Bamanankan	0	0	5	1,535	815	720
Edo	35	20	15	1,670	770	900
Ewe	50	30	20	1,760	950	805
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	25	15	5	2,825	1,495	1,335
Ga	20	15	5	920	445	470
Ganda	35	15	20	1,295	625	665
Igbo	215	125	90	4,235	2,265	1,970
Lingala	30	20	15	3,810	1,785	2,025
Rundi (Kirundi)	145	85	65	5,845	2,785	3,060
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	115	55	60	5,250	2,355	2,895
Shona	90	55	40	3,180	1,520	1,665
Swahili	425	220	205	13,370	6,385	6,990
Wolof	20	10	10	3,990	2,170	1,820
Yoruba	465	240	220	9,085	4,785	4,300
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	430	220	215	19,135	9,435	9,695
Nilo-Saharan languages	335	195	140	5,870	3,025	2,845
Dinka	115	70	45	2,120	1,115	1,000
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	220	120	100	3,755	1,910	1,840
Sign languages	200	100	100	7,500	3,925	3,575
American Sign Language	65	35	35	2,685	1,320	1,360
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	695	340	355
Sign languages, n.i.e	135	70	65	4,120	2,265	1,860
Sino-Tibetan languages	13,500	6,700	6,795	1,269,215	589,570	679,645
Chinese languages	12,460	6,165	6,290	1,253,360	581,650	671,715
Cantonese	3,775	1,830	1,950	565,270	262,865	302,405
Hakka	35	20	15	10,910	4,900	6,015
Mandarin	7,230	3,600	3,630	592,040	274,630	317,410
Min Dong	5	0	0	1,230	580	650
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	210	110	100	31,795	14,450	17,350
Wu (Shanghainese)	60	35	25	12,915	5,780	7,140
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,135	570	565	38,580	18,165	20,410
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	610	275	335
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,040	530	505	15,850	7,925	7,935
Burmese	180	115	65	3,585	1,795	1,790
Karenic languages	810	395	415	4,705	2,355	2,350
Tibetan	15	5	10	6,165	3,080	3,080
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	1,400	695	705
Tai-Kadai languages	525	235	290	22,010	8,870	13,145
Lao	345	175	170	12,670	6,145	6,525
Thai	180	55	125	9,255	2,690	6,565
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	80	35	55
Turkic languages	360	185	175	40,140	21,120	19,025
Azerbaijani	25	10	10	3,260	1,785	1,470
Turkish	290	155	130	32,815	17,375	15,440
Uyghur	5	0	5	1,035	510	525
Uzbek	30	5	15	1,715	855	865
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	1,315	590	720
Uralic languages	1,555	735	820	81,985	37,790	44,195
Estonian	20	10	10	5,445	2,325	3,115
Finnish	205	85	120	15,295	6,395	8,900
Hungarian	1,330	650	685	61,235	29,060	32,175
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	100	55	45	3,690	2,045	1,645
Multiple responses	18,560	8,955	9,605	818,635	398,325	420,305
English and French	2,045	985	1,060	165,320	80,460	84,860
English and non-official language	15,925	7,675	8,245	533,265	259,160	274,100
French and non-official language	315	150	165	86,150	42,170	43,985
English, French and non-official language	280	145	135	33,900	16,535	17,365
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	1,083,240	539,100	544,130	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085
Single responses	1,049,130	522,390	526,740	33,103,860	16,298,475	16,805,395
Official languages	968,625	481,845	486,780	29,106,670	14,383,020	14,723,645
English	964,640	479,915	484,730	22,162,865	10,966,135	11,196,730
French	3,985	1,930	2,050	6,943,800	3,416,890	3,526,910
Non-official languages	80,505	40,540	39,960	3,997,195	1,915,450	2,081,750
Aboriginal languages	16,605	8,355	8,245	118,470	59,720	58,750
Algonquian languages	10,145	5,185	4,960	75,080	37,825	37,260
Blackfoot	0	0	0	1,115	555	555
Cree-Montagnais languages	10,000	5,105	4,895	55,825	28,135	27,685
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5,465	2,825	2,640
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	8,590	4,195	4,395
Moose Cree	0	0	0	10	5	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	1,200	595	605
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	110	55	60
Plains Cree	1,195	580	610	1,350	665	685
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	20	5	15
Swampy Cree	95	40	55	330	140	190
Woods Cree	180	100	85	800	410	390
Cree, n.o.s.	8,525	4,380	4,145	37,945	19,240	18,710
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	3,615	1,795	1,820
Malecite	0	0	0	55	30	30
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	3,560	1,770	1,795
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	140	75	65	14,525	7,335	7,190
Algonquin	0	0	0	370	170	200
Ojibway	145	80	70	6,175	3,165	3,015
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	7,900	3,960	3,940
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	75	40	35
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Athabaskan languages	6,360	3,130	3,235	10,265	5,125	5,135
Northern Athabaskan languages	6,365	3,130	3,230	10,255	5,120	5,135
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Beaver	0	0	0	50	30	20
Carrier	0	0	0	245	115	130
Chilcotin	0	0	0	255	125	130
Dene	6,360	3,130	3,230	7,710	3,805	3,905
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	1,020	550	475
Gwich'in	0	0	0	45	25	25
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Sekani	0	0	0	15	10	5
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	820	425	395
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	340	180	155
South Slavey	0	0	0	370	190	185
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	105	55	55
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	25	15	15
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	25	10	10
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	5	5
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	30	15	15
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	25	15	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	10	0	5
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Haida	0	0	0	10	5	0
Inuit languages	5	0	5	29,490	14,995	14,495
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	165	75	90
Inuktitut	5	0	0	29,230	14,885	14,345
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	90	40	55
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	285	135	155
Cayuga	0	0	0	10	0	5
Mohawk	0	0	0	255	115	140
Oneida	0	0	0	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	15	10	5
Michif	45	20	25	85	40	45
Salish languages	0	0	0	285	130	150
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	45	20	25
Lillooet	0	0	0	25	15	10
Okanagan	0	0	0	85	35	45
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	55	30	20
Squamish	0	0	0	5	0	5
Straits	0	0	0	20	10	15
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Siouan languages	50	25	20	2,225	1,085	1,140
Dakota	35	15	10	255	140	120
Stoney	0	0	0	1,950	940	1,010
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	20	10	15
Tlingit	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	410	210	190
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	315	155	155
Nisga'a	0	0	0	70	40	30
Tsimshian	0	0	0	25	15	15
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	75	45	35
Haisla	0	0	0	20	10	15
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	30	15	15
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	235	110	125
Non-Aboriginal languages	63,905	32,185	31,720	3,878,725	1,855,730	2,022,995
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,625	2,340	2,290	307,755	153,275	154,480
Berber languages	0	0	0	8,105	4,215	3,895
Kabyle	5	0	0	5,490	2,855	2,640
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,620	1,365	1,260
Cushitic languages	720	335	380	27,095	12,455	14,640
Bilen	30	15	15	620	330	285
Oromo	140	75	70	3,410	1,700	1,710
Somali	530	245	290	22,895	10,340	12,555
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	185	85	95
Semitic languages	3,900	1,995	1,905	272,100	136,390	135,720
Amharic	150	75	70	12,780	6,010	6,770
Arabic	2,890	1,500	1,390	223,540	112,690	110,850
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	225	105	120	10,510	5,090	5,425
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	115	60	55	3,445	1,695	1,750
Harari	0	0	0	735	335	400
Hebrew	25	10	15	8,560	4,425	4,135
Maltese	0	0	0	1,130	525	605
Tigrigna	430	205	220	10,205	5,040	5,170
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	70	40	30	1,200	585	620
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	440	215	230
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,740	850	895	115,210	53,500	61,710
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	20	25	10,880	4,940	5,945
Vietnamese	1,700	830	865	104,245	48,525	55,725
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	85	40	45
Austronesian languages	12,515	6,210	6,300	239,785	108,110	131,680
Bikol	15	5	10	290	140	155
Cebuano	580	280	295	7,210	3,325	3,880
Fijian	0	0	0	195	105	90
Hiligaynon	110	60	50	2,205	970	1,240
Ilocano	240	115	120	9,125	4,045	5,080
Malagasy	0	0	0	435	220	210
Malay	35	20	15	3,620	1,710	1,910
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	70	35	35	1,200	565	630
Pangasinan	10	5	5	240	110	135
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	11,345	5,630	5,715	213,790	96,235	117,555
Waray-Waray	15	5	5	310	135	170
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	95	50	45	1,160	545	620
Creole languages	95	35	65	27,860	12,005	15,850
Haitian Creole	0	0	5	1,280	575	705
Creole, n.o.s.	65	25	40	24,575	10,510	14,060
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35	10	20	2,005	920	1,085
Dravidian languages	845	440	410	122,490	59,780	62,710
Kannada	20	10	10	1,630	825	800
Malayalam	525	265	260	15,440	7,865	7,575
Tamil	155	90	65	96,955	46,570	50,385
Telugu	145	75	70	8,280	4,430	3,850
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	190	85	105
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	340	160	180
Indo-European languages	31,235	15,915	15,325	1,911,215	927,225	983,985
Albanian	205	100	100	13,135	6,575	6,560
Armenian	45	25	20	21,505	10,165	11,345
Balto-Slavic languages	5,170	2,560	2,610	314,965	149,315	165,650
Baltic languages	80	35	45	3,275	1,400	1,870
Latvian	40	20	20	1,255	530	725
Lithuanian	40	15	25	2,020	870	1,150
Slavic languages	5,090	2,525	2,560	311,690	147,910	163,780
Belarusan	0	0	0	230	105	120
Bosnian	85	45	40	6,045	3,010	3,040
Bulgarian	35	20	15	11,985	5,835	6,150
Croatian	170	85	85	16,775	7,980	8,795
Czech	30	20	15	6,235	3,060	3,180
Macedonian	35	15	15	6,830	3,250	3,580
Polish	480	220	255	74,780	34,910	39,870
Russian	1,725	875	840	116,595	55,175	61,425
Serbian	270	140	130	31,750	15,665	16,085
Serbo-Croatian	45	20	25	3,885	1,865	2,020
Slovak	30	15	15	5,615	2,685	2,920
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	2,050	905	1,145
Ukrainian	2,010	985	1,025	28,250	13,150	15,100
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	170	80	90	670	310	360
Celtic languages	10	5	5	360	205	155
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	185	105	80
Welsh	5	0	5	95	50	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	80	50	30
Germanic languages	8,110	3,990	4,120	146,455	71,835	74,615
Afrikaans	530	275	250	4,790	2,355	2,435
Danish	10	5	0	855	410	445
Dutch	200	110	95	9,565	4,630	4,935
Frisian	5	0	0	185	95	90
German	7,290	3,565	3,725	120,335	58,905	61,435
Icelandic	0	0	0	270	120	150
Norwegian	10	5	10	345	145	200
Swedish	10	5	10	1,045	500	545
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	5	355	170	185
Yiddish	5	0	5	7,080	3,695	3,385
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	1,625	820	810
Greek	395	190	205	44,545	21,110	23,440
Indo-Iranian languages	14,385	7,560	6,825	838,755	416,960	421,795
Indo-Aryan languages	12,960	6,820	6,140	676,185	337,440	338,745
Bengali	1,915	980	930	47,350	23,585	23,765
Gujarati	1,585	865	720	64,150	31,740	32,405
Hindi	880	490	390	55,510	27,805	27,710
Kashmiri	5	0	0	135	70	70
Konkani	10	5	5	720	355	370
Marathi	55	30	30	3,780	1,940	1,840
Nepali	570	290	275	13,375	6,710	6,670
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	470	235	240
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,485	1,885	1,605	349,145	174,905	174,240
Sindhi	55	25	25	4,975	2,280	2,695
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	140	70	70	7,790	3,860	3,925
Urdu	4,265	2,180	2,080	128,785	63,965	64,820
Iranian languages	1,280	660	615	160,195	78,310	81,880
Kurdish	65	40	30	6,580	3,400	3,175
Pashto	345	185	160	10,590	5,305	5,290
Persian (Farsi)	865	435	430	143,020	69,600	73,425
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	150	80	65	2,375	1,215	1,160
Italic (Romance) languages	2,920	1,480	1,435	531,485	251,050	280,440
Catalan	0	0	0	355	165	190
Italian	155	80	75	115,415	49,975	65,440
Portuguese	220	100	115	98,710	46,915	51,795
Romanian	315	165	150	53,320	25,795	27,525
Spanish	2,220	1,130	1,085	263,510	128,110	135,400
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	180	85	95
Japanese	120	45	75	19,785	8,265	11,515
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	1,040	565	475
Georgian	0	0	0	1,035	565	475
Korean	1,180	590	595	109,705	51,385	58,320
Mongolic languages	25	10	10	910	440	470
Mongolian	25	10	10	910	435	470
Niger-Congo languages	735	350	380	28,665	13,340	15,320
Akan (Twi)	55	30	25	5,990	2,695	3,295
Bamanankan	0	0	0	340	180	160
Edo	10	0	5	415	175	240
Ewe	5	5	5	410	185	225
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	10	10	825	400	425
Ga	0	0	0	250	105	140
Ganda	10	5	5	345	160	185
Igbo	40	15	20	1,000	485	510
Lingala	15	10	10	1,045	455	590
Rundi (Kirundi)	85	45	40	2,110	990	1,115
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	35	15	25	1,530	670	865
Shona	35	25	15	1,035	475	560
Swahili	200	90	110	5,370	2,500	2,870
Wolof	0	5	0	1,380	745	635
Yoruba	115	55	55	2,615	1,275	1,340
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	100	45	55	4,010	1,850	2,160
Nilo-Saharan languages	135	65	70	2,650	1,305	1,350
Dinka	65	30	30	1,130	580	550
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	70	35	40	1,525	730	800
Sign languages	285	175	105	10,445	5,870	4,570
American Sign Language	50	30	20	3,015	1,560	1,460
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	730	375	355
Sign languages, n.i.e	230	150	85	6,690	3,935	2,755
Sino-Tibetan languages	9,700	4,835	4,865	924,720	433,530	491,190
Chinese languages	8,925	4,450	4,475	913,365	427,860	485,505
Cantonese	2,400	1,140	1,265	400,215	184,340	215,885
Hakka	5	0	0	4,080	1,820	2,265
Mandarin	5,645	2,865	2,780	462,890	220,075	242,815
Min Dong	0	0	0	345	150	195
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	80	45	35	13,965	6,345	7,625
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	15	15	7,650	3,580	4,075
Chinese, n.o.s.	760	385	380	23,935	11,440	12,500
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	280	130	150
Tibeto-Burman languages	775	380	395	11,350	5,670	5,680
Burmese	115	65	55	2,245	1,115	1,125
Karenic languages	640	310	335	3,865	1,935	1,930
Tibetan	10	0	5	4,590	2,305	2,280
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	655	305	345
Tai-Kadai languages	190	85	105	9,565	4,455	5,110
Lao	125	60	60	6,175	2,995	3,180
Thai	70	25	45	3,360	1,450	1,915
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	30	15	15
Turkic languages	195	100	95	22,250	11,205	11,045
Azerbaijani	5	5	5	1,245	640	610
Turkish	170	90	85	18,955	9,525	9,430
Uyghur	0	0	0	610	315	290
Uzbek	10	5	10	990	505	490
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	455	230	225
Uralic languages	240	125	120	23,245	10,715	12,535
Estonian	10	0	5	975	365	610
Finnish	15	10	5	2,790	1,220	1,565
Hungarian	215	110	105	19,485	9,125	10,355
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	1,110	605	500
Multiple responses	34,110	16,720	17,395	1,663,390	802,695	860,690
English and French	1,210	575	635	160,185	77,940	82,235
English and non-official language	32,250	15,810	16,435	1,284,975	620,375	664,600
French and non-official language	150	85	70	148,915	70,915	78,000
English, French and non-official language	495	250	250	69,315	33,465	35,850
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	1,083,235	539,100	544,130	34,767,255	17,101,165	17,666,080
None	983,935	490,490	493,450	29,615,245	14,612,175	15,003,065
English	41,920	21,045	20,875	2,109,340	1,045,215	1,064,120
French	9,340	4,085	5,255	731,095	342,245	388,855
Non-official language	46,495	22,705	23,785	2,151,690	1,023,940	1,127,750
Aboriginal	13,490	6,445	7,050	90,740	42,890	47,850
Non-Aboriginal	33,005	16,265	16,740	2,060,945	981,055	1,079,895
English and French	170	85	85	47,970	23,785	24,190
English and non-official language	860	440	420	61,075	30,045	31,030
French and non-official language	495	245	255	48,755	22,690	26,065
English, French and non-official language	20	5	10	2,080	1,075	1,010
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	857,270	424,245	433,025	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,355
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	822,620	407,715	414,905	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,190
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,299	46,117	31,978	34,204	40,782	28,860
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	822,745	407,730	415,015	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,570	40,492	29,564	30,866	35,933	26,621
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	750,515	378,290	372,225	24,583,315	12,296,595	12,286,725
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,883	45,587	29,314	32,762	39,925	26,613
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	550,165	236,760	313,405	19,743,240	8,755,815	10,987,430
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,340	4,200	5,870	5,453	4,199	6,136
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	636,955	331,975	304,970	20,428,685	10,547,760	9,880,925
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,612	44,551	30,027	33,684	39,836	28,474
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	857,300	424,265	433,030	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	822,545	407,840	414,705	27,489,395	13,441,555	14,047,845
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	49,409	58,791	40,184	47,487	56,740	38,632
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	822,655	407,855	414,800	27,500,230	13,446,230	14,053,995
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,933	47,453	34,523	38,977	45,404	32,828
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	750,475	378,445	372,035	24,584,065	12,295,015	12,289,055
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	48,491	58,779	38,026	46,885	56,803	36,962
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	549,500	236,590	312,910	19,742,130	8,752,070	10,990,060
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,734	7,322	8,045	7,738	7,345	8,050
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	636,950	331,745	305,205	20,428,670	10,542,540	9,886,130
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,853	55,728	37,207	46,057	54,369	37,193
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	857,295	424,260	433,030	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	302,780	173,250	129,525	9,367,045	5,231,015	4,136,035
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	55,368	62,070	48,579	53,431	59,326	47,420
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	64,855	72,366	54,808	65,997	74,289	55,510
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	89.5	92.8	84.8	88.3	91.6	83.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	73.2	76.8	68.0	72.0	75.2	67.7
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	10.5	7.2	15.2	11.7	8.4	16.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	857,270	424,245	433,025	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360
Without total income	34,645	16,530	18,120	1,154,450	546,285	608,165
With total income	822,620	407,715	414,905	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,195
Percentage with total income	96.0	96.1	95.8	96.0	96.1	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	105,780	47,325	58,455	3,877,620	1,668,960	2,208,655
$10,000 to $19,999	118,380	46,195	72,180	4,680,380	1,867,600	2,812,785
$20,000 to $29,999	107,890	42,345	65,545	3,807,840	1,593,335	2,214,505
$30,000 to $39,999	95,605	41,315	54,295	3,206,175	1,472,670	1,733,510
$40,000 to $49,999	89,285	42,260	47,025	2,827,045	1,376,565	1,450,480
$50,000 to $59,999	70,395	36,950	33,450	2,179,775	1,145,685	1,034,090
$60,000 to $69,999	53,855	31,055	22,795	1,655,070	938,755	716,310
$70,000 to $79,999	41,930	25,290	16,645	1,271,850	745,830	526,015
$80,000 to $89,999	34,305	20,750	13,560	966,885	579,290	387,590
$90,000 to $99,999	26,165	16,100	10,060	749,290	452,240	297,050
$100,000 and over	79,030	58,125	20,905	2,266,600	1,603,400	663,195
$100,000 to $149,999	56,160	40,025	16,140	1,493,570	1,024,210	469,365
$150,000 and over	22,870	18,100	4,770	773,025	579,190	193,830
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	857,270	424,245	433,025	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360
Without after-tax income	34,520	16,515	18,010	1,143,795	541,620	602,175
With after-tax income	822,745	407,730	415,015	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175
Percentage with after-tax income	96.0	96.1	95.8	96.0	96.1	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	108,310	48,150	60,160	4,004,475	1,706,825	2,297,645
$10,000 to $19,999	123,690	48,420	75,275	4,905,055	1,972,920	2,932,130
$20,000 to $29,999	125,285	50,160	75,125	4,489,925	1,926,175	2,563,755
$30,000 to $39,999	119,460	54,365	65,100	3,924,960	1,870,705	2,054,250
$40,000 to $49,999	103,250	52,900	50,350	3,144,200	1,619,670	1,524,525
$50,000 to $59,999	73,855	42,315	31,540	2,209,280	1,245,570	963,705
$60,000 to $69,999	53,925	32,645	21,280	1,540,300	912,230	628,065
$70,000 to $79,999	38,615	23,385	15,235	1,076,180	654,570	421,610
$80,000 and over	76,345	55,395	20,950	2,204,820	1,540,335	664,485
$80,000 to $89,999	24,935	16,370	8,560	688,705	444,550	244,145
$90,000 to $99,999	16,260	11,815	4,445	420,975	291,090	129,885
$100,000 and over	35,155	27,210	7,945	1,095,140	804,690	290,445
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	857,270	424,245	433,025	28,642,980	13,990,625	14,652,360
Without employment income	220,320	92,270	128,055	8,214,295	3,442,860	4,771,430
With employment income	636,950	331,980	304,970	20,428,690	10,547,760	9,880,925
Percentage with employment income	74.3	78.3	70.4	71.3	75.4	67.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	82,210	38,805	43,410	2,778,990	1,357,430	1,421,560
$5,000 to $9,999	46,620	20,310	26,310	1,602,140	697,025	905,120
$10,000 to $19,999	77,480	33,900	43,575	2,736,010	1,212,855	1,523,155
$20,000 to $29,999	68,175	29,285	38,885	2,293,785	1,022,090	1,271,695
$30,000 to $39,999	66,120	29,825	36,295	2,149,860	1,001,065	1,148,795
$40,000 to $49,999	61,800	29,930	31,870	1,928,565	946,625	981,940
$50,000 to $59,999	51,075	27,565	23,510	1,554,100	839,045	715,055
$60,000 to $69,999	39,805	23,605	16,195	1,220,310	708,270	512,040
$70,000 to $79,999	32,265	20,015	12,255	992,170	591,945	400,225
$80,000 and over	111,405	78,745	32,665	3,172,770	2,171,415	1,001,355
$80,000 to $89,999	28,240	17,220	11,020	773,755	475,700	298,055
$90,000 to $99,999	21,415	13,645	7,770	623,980	382,330	241,650
$100,000 and over	61,750	47,885	13,870	1,775,030	1,313,385	461,645
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	432,625	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	75,412	...	...	70,336	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	65,784	...	...	61,348	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	121,175	...	...	3,969,790	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	38,188	...	...	35,174	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,099	...	...	31,446	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	311,450	...	...	10,102,290	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	94,530	...	...	88,249	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	81,696	...	...	76,419	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	432,620	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	93,942	...	...	92,764	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	77,837	...	...	76,171	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	121,040	...	...	3,967,765	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	48,880	...	...	46,799	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	40,555	...	...	38,685	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	311,580	...	...	10,104,315	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	111,447	...	...	110,813	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	92,320	...	...	90,890	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	432,625	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Under $5,000	6,930	...	...	228,790	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	4,575	...	...	200,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	7,675	...	...	374,575	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	18,025	...	...	565,940	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	18,845	...	...	602,800	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	14,875	...	...	538,710	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	17,700	...	...	603,480	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	17,410	...	...	606,600	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	17,345	...	...	596,110	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	16,525	...	...	578,325	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	31,595	...	...	1,097,345	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	29,700	...	...	1,010,415	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	27,605	...	...	924,320	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	25,810	...	...	836,765	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	23,280	...	...	745,655	...	...
$100,000 and over	154,720	...	...	4,561,920	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	48,375	...	...	1,470,255	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	35,320	...	...	1,016,245	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	40,875	...	...	1,116,140	...	...
$200,000 and over	30,160	...	...	959,285	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	432,625	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Under $5,000	7,355	...	...	243,780	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	4,680	...	...	203,865	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	7,860	...	...	380,680	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	18,625	...	...	591,660	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20,275	...	...	673,740	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	17,325	...	...	628,225	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20,700	...	...	719,825	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	20,990	...	...	725,675	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	20,395	...	...	711,180	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	19,790	...	...	691,695	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	37,680	...	...	1,299,680	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	35,255	...	...	1,169,515	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	32,575	...	...	1,041,635	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	28,995	...	...	900,055	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	25,545	...	...	757,295	...	...
$100,000 and over	114,570	...	...	3,333,575	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	47,890	...	...	1,371,945	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	29,680	...	...	809,540	...	...
$150,000 and over	36,995	...	...	1,152,090	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	299,345	...	...	9,688,845	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	93,747	...	...	88,306	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	81,065	...	...	76,372	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	122,845	...	...	3,706,220	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	87,865	...	...	78,976	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	75,765	...	...	68,309	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	124,285	...	...	4,222,140	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	119,530	...	...	113,465	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	101,656	...	...	96,608	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	44,110	...	...	1,481,410	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	50,749	...	...	53,193	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,776	...	...	48,856	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.9	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	299,455	...	...	9,689,855	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	111,031	...	...	111,235	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	91,825	...	...	91,040	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	123,045	...	...	3,706,400	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	104,889	...	...	101,086	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	86,074	...	...	82,296	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	124,275	...	...	4,225,855	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	135,718	...	...	137,094	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,601	...	...	111,307	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	44,125	...	...	1,477,190	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	62,208	...	...	65,549	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,678	...	...	56,687	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	161,805	82,400	79,405	5,313,545	2,608,845	2,704,705
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	35,875	40,000	32,247	31,890	34,483	29,801
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	32,415	35,306	29,777	28,959	30,746	27,495
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	161,560	82,510	79,050	5,299,050	2,596,985	2,702,070
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	45,756	49,739	41,598	42,939	46,085	39,915
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	38,229	40,766	35,581	35,801	37,724	33,952
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	1,070,555	533,385	537,175	34,460,065	16,971,550	17,488,515
In the bottom half of the distribution	506,055	243,040	263,010	17,229,835	8,256,970	8,972,865
In the bottom decile	111,770	55,530	56,245	3,445,950	1,672,900	1,773,050
In the second decile	104,900	46,610	58,285	3,445,660	1,564,965	1,880,700
In the third decile	94,035	44,535	49,500	3,446,165	1,641,930	1,804,235
In the fourth decile	96,045	47,015	49,030	3,445,850	1,677,120	1,768,730
In the fifth decile	99,300	49,350	49,950	3,446,210	1,700,060	1,746,150
In the top half of the distribution	564,505	290,345	274,160	17,230,230	8,714,580	8,515,650
In the sixth decile	104,200	52,705	51,495	3,445,695	1,716,510	1,729,185
In the seventh decile	109,400	55,670	53,725	3,446,470	1,730,975	1,715,500
In the eighth decile	115,215	59,255	55,965	3,445,940	1,741,640	1,704,300
In the ninth decile	121,965	62,875	59,085	3,446,045	1,751,850	1,694,195
In the top decile	113,730	59,840	53,885	3,446,080	1,773,600	1,672,475
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	1,014,605	505,225	509,380	33,968,295	16,724,265	17,244,035
0 to 17 years	230,205	117,925	112,275	6,836,380	3,504,250	3,332,125
0 to 5 years	79,345	40,700	38,645	2,228,770	1,142,505	1,086,270
18 to 64 years	631,280	316,125	315,155	21,695,090	10,690,090	11,005,005
65 years and over	153,120	71,180	81,950	5,436,830	2,529,930	2,906,905
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	130,220	60,375	69,845	4,809,940	2,243,200	2,566,740
0 to 17 years	41,010	20,960	20,050	1,163,830	597,570	566,255
0 to 5 years	15,420	7,850	7,575	396,095	203,055	193,030
18 to 64 years	67,080	31,315	35,765	2,855,290	1,341,590	1,513,700
65 years and over	22,130	8,100	14,025	790,825	304,040	486,780
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.8	12.0	13.7	14.2	13.4	14.9
0 to 17 years (%)	17.8	17.8	17.9	17.0	17.1	17.0
0 to 5 years (%)	19.4	19.3	19.6	17.8	17.8	17.8
18 to 64 years (%)	10.6	9.9	11.3	13.2	12.5	13.8
65 years and over (%)	14.5	11.4	17.1	14.5	12.0	16.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	59,440	29,890	29,545	3,128,995	1,519,370	1,609,630
0 to 17 years	17,870	9,140	8,735	696,025	357,255	338,770
0 to 5 years	7,005	3,540	3,465	236,435	121,170	115,260
18 to 64 years	38,775	19,470	19,305	2,157,745	1,057,585	1,100,160
65 years and over	2,795	1,280	1,510	275,225	104,525	170,695
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.9	5.9	5.8	9.2	9.1	9.3
0 to 17 years (%)	7.8	7.8	7.8	10.2	10.2	10.2
0 to 5 years (%)	8.8	8.7	9.0	10.6	10.6	10.6
18 to 64 years (%)	6.1	6.2	6.1	9.9	9.9	10.0
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.8	1.8	5.1	4.1	5.9
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	1,070,560	533,385	537,175	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Official languages	1,062,885	529,920	532,965	33,818,210	16,709,290	17,108,920
English	1,062,275	529,630	532,645	29,748,265	14,806,270	14,941,995
French	51,325	23,600	27,725	10,242,945	4,952,455	5,290,495
Non-official languages	187,450	91,805	95,645	9,369,280	4,488,185	4,881,090
Aboriginal languages	38,110	18,390	19,720	263,845	127,550	136,295
Algonquian languages	28,270	13,675	14,590	177,570	85,505	92,065
Blackfoot	10	10	0	5,645	2,695	2,950
Cree-Montagnais languages	27,065	13,115	13,950	116,585	56,515	60,070
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,640	3,335	3,305
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	11,440	5,500	5,945
Moose Cree	0	0	0	195	80	115
Naskapi	0	0	0	1,465	710	755
Northern East Cree	40	30	15	545	225	320
Plains Cree	3,665	1,770	1,900	5,905	2,705	3,200
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	40	30	10
Swampy Cree	470	185	285	2,345	995	1,350
Woods Cree	1,260	570	695	2,665	1,230	1,435
Cree, n.o.s.	21,870	10,695	11,175	86,115	42,080	44,035
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	9,765	4,710	5,050
Malecite	0	0	0	755	370	390
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	9,025	4,350	4,670
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,310	620	695	46,685	22,100	24,585
Algonquin	0	0	0	2,480	1,165	1,315
Ojibway	1,300	610	690	28,585	13,365	15,220
Oji-Cree	10	0	0	15,610	7,575	8,030
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	205	105	105
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	60	60
Athabaskan languages	9,120	4,350	4,770	23,655	11,340	12,320
Northern Athabaskan languages	9,105	4,345	4,760	23,570	11,300	12,265
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	210	105	100
Beaver	0	0	0	340	180	165
Carrier	0	0	0	2,105	955	1,145
Chilcotin	0	0	0	1,150	535	610
Dene	9,105	4,350	4,755	13,060	6,270	6,790
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	2,375	1,210	1,165
Gwich'in	10	0	0	360	165	200
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	150	60	90
Sekani	0	0	0	185	85	100
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	2,815	1,340	1,475
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	1,010	475	530
South Slavey	0	0	0	1,365	660	710
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	680	320	360
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	630	340	285
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	365	205	170
Tahltan	0	0	0	270	140	130
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	420	160	260
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	285	115	170
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	145	50	95
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	85	35	50
Haida	10	0	10	465	205	260
Inuit languages	10	0	0	42,980	21,355	21,630
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	1,975	895	1,080
Inuktitut	0	0	0	40,620	20,280	20,340
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	470	225	240
Iroquoian languages	10	10	10	2,800	1,240	1,555
Cayuga	0	0	0	125	40	85
Mohawk	10	0	10	2,415	1,120	1,295
Oneida	0	0	0	180	60	125
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	45	75
Kutenai	0	0	0	175	95	80
Michif	505	240	260	1,210	585	625
Salish languages	0	0	0	5,750	2,730	3,015
Comox	0	0	0	185	75	110
Halkomelem	0	0	0	1,060	475	585
Lillooet	0	0	0	790	405	385
Okanagan	0	0	0	820	370	450
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	1,305	640	665
Squamish	0	0	0	285	125	155
Straits	0	0	0	360	160	200
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	450	220	235
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	565	295	270
Siouan languages	510	255	250	5,430	2,665	2,770
Dakota	415	205	210	1,760	870	890
Stoney	10	10	0	3,675	1,805	1,875
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	90	50	45	140	70	70
Tlingit	0	0	0	260	140	120
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	2,730	1,350	1,380
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	1,305	645	660
Nisga'a	0	0	0	1,060	545	515
Tsimshian	0	0	0	410	180	235
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	1,490	680	805
Haisla	0	0	0	175	65	110
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	125	50	75
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	605	285	320
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	565	265	300
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	10
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	30	15	20	665	310	360
Non-Aboriginal languages	149,475	73,470	76,000	9,107,075	4,361,420	4,745,660
Afro-Asiatic languages	8,595	4,585	4,015	837,355	432,560	404,795
Berber languages	40	35	0	29,460	15,745	13,715
Kabyle	10	10	0	17,120	9,100	8,015
Berber languages, n.i.e.	30	25	0	12,505	6,735	5,775
Cushitic languages	1,305	620	690	57,125	26,870	30,250
Bilen	85	40	45	1,085	625	470
Oromo	160	70	90	6,245	3,070	3,175
Somali	1,090	520	570	49,665	23,070	26,590
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	480	220	265
Semitic languages	7,500	4,075	3,425	771,130	400,780	370,350
Amharic	545	255	290	33,670	16,675	16,995
Arabic	5,605	3,165	2,435	629,055	329,235	299,820
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	505	240	265	19,745	9,720	10,020
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	195	95	100	7,115	3,505	3,610
Harari	0	0	0	1,710	855	860
Hebrew	470	245	230	75,020	38,730	36,290
Maltese	0	0	0	7,625	3,760	3,870
Tigrigna	705	350	355	21,340	10,640	10,705
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	245	120	125	3,220	1,655	1,565
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	70	35	30	2,775	1,440	1,335
Austro-Asiatic languages	3,315	1,685	1,635	224,865	105,845	119,020
Khmer (Cambodian)	210	105	105	27,035	12,640	14,400
Vietnamese	3,105	1,580	1,525	198,895	93,735	105,155
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	190	70	120
Austronesian languages	29,705	14,065	15,640	656,200	273,075	383,125
Bikol	90	30	55	2,075	885	1,190
Cebuano	2,115	945	1,170	27,045	10,960	16,085
Fijian	20	10	10	1,660	955	705
Hiligaynon	285	130	150	7,925	3,200	4,720
Ilocano	785	365	415	34,530	13,805	20,730
Malagasy	10	0	0	2,335	1,120	1,220
Malay	215	95	115	22,470	10,370	12,100
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	265	130	135	5,425	2,445	2,980
Pangasinan	45	25	20	1,800	790	1,015
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	28,655	13,575	15,080	612,735	253,210	359,530
Waray-Waray	35	25	10	1,395	530	860
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	300	145	155	5,585	2,540	3,040
Creole languages	495	230	270	155,615	70,545	85,070
Haitian Creole	10	0	0	6,850	3,140	3,710
Creole, n.o.s.	240	95	145	133,045	59,890	73,160
Creole languages, n.i.e.	250	125	120	16,635	7,955	8,675
Dravidian languages	2,190	1,205	980	250,180	126,220	123,960
Kannada	115	65	55	8,245	4,180	4,065
Malayalam	1,170	625	540	37,810	19,410	18,400
Tamil	635	345	290	189,860	94,640	95,220
Telugu	435	270	165	23,160	12,770	10,390
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	790	385	405
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	870	435	435
Indo-European languages	81,985	40,685	41,300	5,158,010	2,506,455	2,651,555
Albanian	560	275	285	31,930	16,140	15,790
Armenian	115	65	45	41,295	19,980	21,315
Balto-Slavic languages	20,395	9,470	10,925	817,315	384,960	432,350
Baltic languages	225	120	110	14,675	6,470	8,205
Latvian	135	60	70	6,500	2,960	3,540
Lithuanian	95	60	35	8,185	3,510	4,675
Slavic languages	20,265	9,400	10,860	805,915	379,965	425,945
Belarusan	20	0	15	2,265	1,070	1,195
Bosnian	325	155	165	18,265	9,055	9,215
Bulgarian	75	40	35	22,425	10,920	11,505
Croatian	605	355	250	69,840	34,515	35,325
Czech	300	155	150	28,720	13,675	15,050
Macedonian	65	35	35	23,075	11,190	11,880
Polish	2,185	1,040	1,145	214,965	99,365	115,600
Russian	5,275	2,585	2,690	269,645	127,055	142,595
Serbian	790	410	385	73,775	37,040	36,740
Serbo-Croatian	80	30	50	11,275	5,525	5,750
Slovak	125	85	40	21,470	10,215	11,255
Slovene (Slovenian)	105	50	50	11,495	5,205	6,290
Ukrainian	13,090	5,770	7,325	132,115	58,820	73,300
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	345	205	140	3,000	1,590	1,405
Celtic languages	165	105	65	9,165	4,705	4,455
Scottish Gaelic	55	35	25	3,980	2,010	1,975
Welsh	50	30	20	1,690	830	860
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	70	45	20	3,590	1,915	1,680
Germanic languages	21,275	10,435	10,840	695,535	337,215	358,320
Afrikaans	1,455	750	705	23,410	11,795	11,610
Danish	320	195	125	15,745	7,320	8,425
Dutch	1,510	720	790	120,865	57,885	62,990
Frisian	25	15	15	2,910	1,515	1,395
German	17,390	8,525	8,870	502,730	245,745	256,985
Icelandic	70	40	30	1,780	830	945
Norwegian	415	180	235	8,120	3,860	4,260
Swedish	230	95	130	14,140	6,510	7,635
Vlaams (Flemish)	80	25	50	4,400	1,945	2,455
Yiddish	75	35	30	20,985	10,435	10,550
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	265	135	125	8,710	4,425	4,285
Greek	1,470	725	745	150,965	75,510	75,455
Indo-Iranian languages	27,395	14,650	12,740	1,658,220	840,850	817,365
Indo-Aryan languages	25,355	13,530	11,825	1,387,805	704,370	683,435
Bengali	3,520	1,895	1,620	91,220	46,935	44,285
Gujarati	3,320	1,760	1,555	149,045	74,765	74,285
Hindi	8,040	4,480	3,560	433,365	221,665	211,700
Kashmiri	40	25	20	905	490	420
Konkani	40	30	15	6,790	3,185	3,605
Marathi	185	120	70	15,570	8,200	7,365
Nepali	835	435	400	21,380	10,915	10,470
Oriya (Odia)	25	15	10	1,535	755	775
Punjabi (Panjabi)	8,300	4,635	3,665	668,240	341,450	326,790
Sindhi	180	105	75	20,260	9,310	10,945
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	355	205	150	27,825	13,970	13,855
Urdu	9,455	4,815	4,635	322,220	164,685	157,535
Iranian languages	2,285	1,240	1,040	281,715	142,030	139,680
Kurdish	145	90	60	15,290	8,290	7,000
Pashto	555	315	240	23,180	12,465	10,715
Persian (Farsi)	1,630	870	760	252,320	126,565	125,755
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	275	135	140	8,875	4,715	4,155
Italic (Romance) languages	12,660	6,085	6,570	1,897,630	898,530	999,100
Catalan	0	10	0	2,035	1,145	890
Italian	1,360	670	690	574,725	278,500	296,225
Portuguese	885	380	505	295,955	144,465	151,485
Romanian	1,105	525	575	115,050	55,275	59,770
Spanish	9,605	4,635	4,965	995,255	460,250	535,010
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	40	30	10	2,680	1,610	1,075
Japanese	1,205	540	665	83,090	36,760	46,335
Kartvelian languages	15	0	15	2,150	1,075	1,075
Georgian	15	0	10	2,150	1,080	1,070
Korean	1,930	850	1,080	172,755	80,170	92,590
Mongolic languages	55	20	30	2,090	960	1,130
Mongolian	60	25	30	2,090	960	1,130
Niger-Congo languages	4,125	2,245	1,885	177,215	88,135	89,080
Akan (Twi)	355	185	170	22,145	10,810	11,340
Bamanankan	0	0	10	3,190	1,660	1,530
Edo	20	0	20	3,220	1,510	1,705
Ewe	100	45	55	3,000	1,685	1,315
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	60	45	15	4,725	2,460	2,260
Ga	45	25	15	2,250	1,140	1,110
Ganda	20	10	10	2,495	1,175	1,320
Igbo	625	325	300	8,850	4,710	4,140
Lingala	140	70	65	17,010	7,865	9,145
Rundi (Kirundi)	280	150	130	8,590	4,075	4,515
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	125	65	55	7,860	3,600	4,260
Shona	150	90	55	5,425	2,530	2,905
Swahili	950	570	380	38,680	19,565	19,115
Wolof	40	25	15	8,240	4,455	3,785
Yoruba	965	470	495	22,420	11,475	10,940
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	815	480	335	40,760	20,375	20,385
Nilo-Saharan languages	300	150	145	7,015	3,520	3,495
Dinka	100	65	40	2,475	1,280	1,190
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	195	90	105	4,555	2,240	2,315
Sign languages	1,565	585	985	48,115	18,985	29,130
American Sign Language	650	215	435	21,930	7,780	14,155
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	4,665	1,665	3,005
Sign languages, n.i.e.	915	365	545	22,275	9,835	12,440
Sino-Tibetan languages	14,580	7,115	7,470	1,430,440	672,100	758,340
Chinese languages	13,630	6,625	7,005	1,413,110	663,465	749,640
Cantonese	4,675	2,245	2,435	699,125	325,840	373,285
Hakka	30	10	20	12,445	5,555	6,890
Mandarin	8,995	4,335	4,660	814,450	377,635	436,815
Min Dong	0	0	0	1,045	440	600
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	260	125	135	42,840	19,005	23,835
Wu (Shanghainese)	45	20	30	16,530	7,490	9,040
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,245	620	630	41,690	19,995	21,690
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	590	250	340
Tibeto-Burman languages	960	495	460	18,270	9,100	9,175
Burmese	315	185	130	4,995	2,490	2,500
Karenic languages	635	310	325	4,895	2,425	2,475
Tibetan	30	15	10	7,050	3,555	3,490
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	70	25	40	2,375	1,160	1,220
Tai-Kadai languages	635	245	385	30,400	13,210	17,195
Lao	410	170	240	17,235	8,240	8,990
Thai	275	105	170	15,390	5,875	9,520
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	50	65
Turkic languages	640	365	285	60,530	31,585	28,945
Azerbaijani	25	20	10	5,450	2,885	2,565
Turkish	530	310	220	50,775	26,605	24,165
Uyghur	0	0	0	1,385	685	700
Uzbek	60	25	35	2,465	1,230	1,235
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	1,870	905	965
Uralic languages	1,765	850	915	94,810	44,270	50,545
Estonian	20	15	10	6,070	2,750	3,315
Finnish	360	170	190	17,595	7,540	10,050
Hungarian	1,385	670	715	71,285	34,005	37,280
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	340	210	135	9,730	5,375	4,355
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	1,070,555	533,385	537,175	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	998,035	496,635	501,395	32,034,590	15,799,495	16,235,090
Canadian citizens aged under 18	237,720	121,535	116,185	6,652,795	3,412,785	3,240,010
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	760,310	375,105	385,210	25,381,795	12,386,710	12,995,080
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	72,525	36,750	35,780	2,425,480	1,172,085	1,253,400
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	1,070,560	533,385	537,170	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	945,810	470,790	475,025	26,412,610	13,124,325	13,288,290
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	112,490	55,800	56,690	7,540,830	3,586,495	3,954,330
Before 1981	16,650	8,190	8,465	1,941,510	927,795	1,013,715
1981 to 1990	5,545	2,670	2,875	915,555	439,245	476,310
1991 to 2000	9,315	4,645	4,665	1,486,655	696,720	789,940
2001 to 2010	33,045	16,410	16,635	1,985,035	940,570	1,044,465
2001 to 2005	8,670	4,165	4,505	928,935	439,890	489,050
2006 to 2010	24,370	12,245	12,130	1,056,095	500,680	555,415
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	47,935	23,880	24,055	1,212,075	582,175	629,895
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	12,255	6,800	5,455	506,625	260,755	245,870
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	112,495	55,795	56,695	7,540,830	3,586,500	3,954,335
Under 5 years	12,060	6,100	5,965	731,340	364,165	367,175
5 to 14 years	21,295	11,015	10,280	1,311,810	665,870	645,945
15 to 24 years	19,295	8,990	10,305	1,604,430	724,430	880,005
25 to 44 years	50,945	25,060	25,890	3,198,920	1,513,970	1,684,950
45 years and over	8,895	4,635	4,260	694,320	318,060	376,260
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	112,490	55,800	56,690	7,540,830	3,586,495	3,954,330
Americas	10,765	5,010	5,760	1,128,745	510,650	618,100
Brazil	185	65	120	29,320	13,235	16,080
Colombia	555	275	280	70,035	32,065	37,965
El Salvador	630	290	340	48,080	23,865	24,215
Guyana	155	75	85	87,685	38,940	48,745
Haiti	65	45	20	93,480	40,955	52,525
Jamaica	815	425	395	138,345	59,960	78,390
Mexico	1,330	665	665	80,585	37,530	43,055
Peru	165	60	100	29,615	12,950	16,665
Trinidad and Tobago	210	105	110	65,040	29,325	35,710
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	4,845	2,045	2,800	253,715	113,505	140,215
Other places of birth in Americas	1,805	955	845	232,850	108,325	124,530
Europe	23,640	11,900	11,740	2,088,410	1,015,145	1,073,260
Bosnia and Herzegovina	455	215	245	36,135	18,050	18,085
Croatia	445	280	165	40,045	20,005	20,035
France	215	90	125	105,565	55,395	50,170
Germany	2,575	1,280	1,295	145,845	69,525	76,320
Greece	605	325	280	62,715	31,580	31,135
Hungary	395	215	180	36,820	17,945	18,875
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	845	490	355	28,325	14,355	13,970
Italy	570	305	265	236,640	118,595	118,040
Netherlands	1,220	585	635	88,475	45,185	43,295
Poland	1,395	690	705	146,465	66,450	80,020
Portugal	220	105	120	139,450	68,150	71,300
Romania	695	335	360	90,305	42,795	47,510
Russian Federation	805	345	460	78,685	34,265	44,420
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	585	305	280	33,320	16,325	17,000
Ukraine	3,280	1,630	1,650	73,030	33,360	39,665
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	7,020	3,520	3,505	499,115	243,225	255,890
Other places of birth in Europe	2,320	1,195	1,125	247,470	119,945	127,530
Africa	10,285	5,360	4,925	637,485	322,510	314,970
Algeria	50	35	15	64,620	33,920	30,705
Egypt	435	230	205	64,615	34,125	30,495
Ethiopia	635	285	355	32,790	15,980	16,810
Kenya	425	225	200	27,150	12,810	14,340
Morocco	180	95	80	69,655	36,120	33,535
Nigeria	1,695	845	855	42,430	21,830	20,600
Somalia	635	335	300	27,230	12,070	15,160
South Africa, Republic of	1,775	920	855	44,660	22,205	22,460
Other places of birth in Africa	4,455	2,390	2,065	264,320	133,450	130,870
Asia	67,120	33,175	33,945	3,629,160	1,709,985	1,919,175
Afghanistan	515	230	285	51,955	26,030	25,930
Bangladesh	2,575	1,365	1,210	58,735	29,875	28,865
China^{Census data footnote 59}	7,485	3,445	4,035	649,260	290,800	358,460
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	765	370	400	208,940	98,020	110,915
India	9,630	5,190	4,435	668,565	334,030	334,540
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	785	465	325	154,425	77,970	76,455
Iraq	1,175	625	550	68,485	34,785	33,705
Japan	265	65	200	27,240	7,955	19,285
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	1,120	475	645	123,305	57,170	66,140
Lebanon	255	160	90	88,745	47,295	41,450
Pakistan	6,860	3,575	3,280	202,260	103,225	99,035
Philippines	26,860	12,655	14,210	588,305	247,095	341,210
Sri Lanka	440	235	205	131,995	64,825	67,170
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,155	610	550	52,960	26,595	26,365
Taiwan	180	80	100	63,770	28,170	35,605
Viet Nam	2,615	1,340	1,280	169,250	78,000	91,250
Other places of birth in Asia	4,425	2,290	2,140	320,965	158,150	162,815
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	675	350	325	57,030	28,210	28,825
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	47,935	23,880	24,055	1,212,075	582,180	629,895
Americas	2,320	1,090	1,230	152,595	72,870	79,720
Brazil	45	10	35	8,500	4,000	4,490
Colombia	115	55	65	15,300	6,885	8,415
Cuba	35	20	15	5,370	2,545	2,820
Haiti	10	10	0	19,985	9,160	10,830
Jamaica	405	230	180	12,495	6,680	5,820
Mexico	435	215	225	18,660	9,090	9,575
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	745	330	420	33,060	16,480	16,580
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	35	10	30	6,425	2,990	3,435
Other places of birth in Americas	490	220	270	32,790	15,040	17,750
Europe	4,855	2,405	2,455	140,030	70,995	69,035
France	50	15	45	24,150	13,000	11,150
Germany	190	105	80	6,300	3,255	3,045
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	525	315	205	5,660	3,540	2,120
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	100	50	50	5,900	2,735	3,165
Romania	95	35	60	7,610	3,330	4,280
Russian Federation	220	85	135	11,565	4,485	7,080
Ukraine	1,320	550	770	13,425	6,015	7,410
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	855	495	355	24,445	14,235	10,215
Other places of birth in Europe	1,505	755	750	40,970	20,405	20,570
Africa	4,405	2,315	2,085	162,800	81,545	81,245
Algeria	0	0	0	17,175	8,440	8,735
Cameroon	70	35	30	10,265	5,005	5,255
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	245	145	100	7,400	3,570	3,835
Côte d'Ivoire	15	15	0	6,240	3,030	3,210
Egypt	160	75	85	16,115	8,445	7,665
Eritrea	305	145	160	6,050	3,195	2,855
Ethiopia	190	110	85	7,510	3,625	3,890
Morocco	90	40	45	15,105	7,470	7,635
Nigeria	1,035	525	520	17,285	8,850	8,435
Somalia	300	170	125	5,335	2,600	2,730
South Africa, Republic of	550	285	265	5,765	2,935	2,830
Tunisia	85	45	40	6,700	3,475	3,230
Other places of birth in Africa	1,360	725	635	41,855	20,905	20,950
Asia	36,205	17,980	18,225	748,700	352,095	396,610
Afghanistan	125	45	85	9,240	4,530	4,710
Bangladesh	1,495	780	720	12,900	6,445	6,460
China^{Census data footnote 59}	3,345	1,595	1,750	129,020	57,745	71,270
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	75	35	40	4,975	2,090	2,880
India	6,150	3,315	2,840	147,190	75,145	72,045
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	330	180	150	42,070	20,580	21,490
Iraq	405	200	205	20,665	10,345	10,320
Israel	95	55	35	4,740	2,615	2,130
Japan	40	10	35	4,905	1,250	3,655
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	475	195	280	21,710	9,630	12,075
Lebanon	80	50	30	9,375	4,980	4,400
Nepal	235	145	90	7,505	3,780	3,715
Pakistan	3,460	1,780	1,680	41,480	20,530	20,945
Philippines	16,615	7,905	8,715	188,810	83,050	105,760
Saudi Arabia	125	90	30	5,465	2,820	2,640
Sri Lanka	145	85	60	11,495	5,190	6,305
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,105	585	520	29,945	15,245	14,700
Taiwan	60	30	30	4,310	1,685	2,625
Turkey	80	45	35	4,255	2,365	1,890
United Arab Emirates	85	55	30	6,135	3,220	2,910
Viet Nam	855	415	445	11,210	4,500	6,705
Other places of birth in Asia	815	395	420	31,320	14,345	16,970
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	150	90	60	7,955	4,670	3,280
Australia	85	55	30	4,965	2,950	2,010
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	65	30	30	2,990	1,720	1,270
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	1,070,560	533,385	537,175	34,460,060	16,971,575	17,488,485
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	127,720	64,125	63,595	8,219,555	3,936,045	4,283,505
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	129,250	62,550	66,705	6,100,725	3,053,075	3,047,650
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	813,580	406,710	406,870	20,139,790	9,982,460	10,157,330
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	96,750	48,140	48,610	5,703,615	2,709,530	2,994,085
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	66,930	34,420	32,510	2,994,130	1,496,240	1,497,885
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	26,475	17,690	8,790	1,220,755	755,370	465,380
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	40,455	16,735	23,725	1,773,380	740,870	1,032,510
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	16,835	6,740	10,095	1,782,490	728,085	1,054,400
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	12,625	6,810	5,820	858,845	453,675	405,175
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	350	170	185	68,145	31,530	36,615
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	1,070,555	533,385	537,175	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	175,020	84,730	90,290	1,673,785	813,520	860,265
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	172,810	83,750	89,055	1,629,805	792,970	836,835
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	114,570	55,275	59,290	977,235	471,510	505,725
Métis	57,880	28,325	29,550	587,545	289,435	298,115
Inuk (Inuit)	360	145	215	65,030	32,030	32,995
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	1,305	605	705	21,310	10,165	11,145
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	905	375	530	22,670	10,385	12,290
Non-Aboriginal identity	895,535	448,655	446,885	32,786,280	16,158,060	16,628,225
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	1,070,555	533,385	537,170	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	110,370	52,930	57,440	820,120	395,670	424,445
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	960,190	480,455	479,735	33,639,945	16,575,905	17,064,040
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	1,070,555	533,385	537,175	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,490
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	98,315	47,665	50,650	727,790	356,970	370,815
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	94,565	45,900	48,665	709,235	347,985	361,245
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	84,015	40,960	43,055	573,215	280,040	293,180
Métis single ancestry	10,465	4,905	5,560	91,255	45,740	45,515
Inuit single ancestry	85	40	50	44,765	22,210	22,555
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	3,750	1,765	1,985	18,555	8,985	9,565
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	3,640	1,705	1,935	15,140	7,305	7,835
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	70	30	40	2,470	1,205	1,265
Métis and Inuit ancestries	20	15	10	770	390	380
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	15	15	0	170	85	85
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	79,035	38,120	40,915	1,402,735	669,710	733,025
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	72,560	35,130	37,430	1,347,610	644,210	703,400
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	36,680	17,715	18,960	881,455	418,215	463,235
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	35,545	17,265	18,285	441,000	213,940	227,065
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	335	150	180	25,155	12,045	13,105
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	6,480	2,990	3,485	55,125	25,505	29,625
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	6,355	2,930	3,420	49,325	22,740	26,585
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	80	40	45	3,470	1,655	1,815
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	0	10	2,005	940	1,065
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30	15	15	325	170	160
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	893,205	447,595	445,610	32,329,545	15,944,900	16,384,645
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	1,070,560	533,385	537,170	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	115,875	58,810	57,065	7,674,580	3,725,090	3,949,495
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	29,960	16,065	13,895	1,924,635	977,690	946,945
Chinese	15,545	7,545	7,995	1,577,060	746,400	830,665
Black	14,925	7,845	7,085	1,198,540	580,070	618,475
Filipino	32,340	15,540	16,795	780,125	341,800	438,330
Latin American	4,195	2,095	2,095	447,325	215,460	231,860
Arab	4,300	2,385	1,915	523,235	276,425	246,810
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	5,745	2,940	2,800	313,260	148,880	164,385
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	2,065	1,100	965	264,305	133,475	130,825
Korean	1,875	795	1,085	188,710	89,110	99,600
Japanese	955	420	530	92,920	40,105	52,815
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	1,150	605	545	132,090	62,540	69,550
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	2,820	1,460	1,355	232,375	113,140	119,230
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	954,685	474,575	480,110	26,785,480	13,246,485	13,539,000
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	1,070,560	533,385	537,170	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
North American Aboriginal origins	177,355	85,790	91,565	2,130,520	1,026,675	1,103,840
First Nations (North American Indian)	130,880	63,405	67,475	1,525,570	731,410	794,155
Inuit	650	305	345	79,130	38,695	40,435
Métis	56,090	26,860	29,235	599,995	291,310	308,690
Other North American origins	230,620	115,250	115,370	11,628,535	5,745,695	5,882,835
Acadian	485	270	215	119,675	57,805	61,865
American	13,455	6,410	7,045	377,405	182,690	194,715
Canadian	220,960	110,550	110,410	11,135,965	5,501,595	5,634,370
New Brunswicker	10	10	0	1,490	800	685
Newfoundlander	130	65	60	22,215	11,420	10,800
Nova Scotian	25	10	20	3,700	1,770	1,930
Ontarian	20	20	10	3,925	1,980	1,945
Québécois	240	100	140	194,560	99,320	95,235
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	85	35	55	1,895	950	945
European origins	759,080	375,755	383,325	19,683,320	9,687,715	9,995,605
British Isles origins	427,735	210,345	217,390	11,211,850	5,474,735	5,737,115
Channel Islander	10	0	0	3,595	1,740	1,855
Cornish	35	15	20	1,975	995	975
English	253,205	123,490	129,715	6,320,085	3,069,515	3,250,570
Irish	155,725	74,480	81,245	4,627,000	2,195,620	2,431,385
Manx	250	120	130	6,125	3,090	3,040
Scottish	193,330	94,500	98,825	4,799,005	2,323,390	2,475,620
Welsh	17,790	8,510	9,280	474,805	226,600	248,210
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	16,095	7,900	8,190	644,695	307,090	337,610
French origins	125,810	60,920	64,890	4,680,820	2,283,480	2,397,340
Alsatian	10	10	10	2,800	1,300	1,495
Breton	25	10	15	11,845	5,765	6,080
Corsican	15	0	15	1,750	950	805
French	125,775	60,910	64,870	4,670,595	2,278,430	2,392,165
Western European origins (except French origins)	336,715	166,380	170,340	4,600,855	2,258,095	2,342,760
Austrian	17,565	8,670	8,895	207,050	100,775	106,275
Bavarian	50	45	0	940	485	455
Belgian	9,660	4,745	4,915	186,665	91,395	95,270
Dutch	36,230	17,500	18,730	1,111,655	546,565	565,090
Flemish	805	415	395	11,685	5,730	5,960
Frisian	70	35	35	4,590	2,395	2,195
German	296,385	146,600	149,780	3,322,405	1,626,785	1,695,615
Luxembourger	500	275	225	3,915	2,025	1,890
Swiss	4,710	2,370	2,340	155,120	76,935	78,185
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	35	25	15	3,365	1,645	1,720
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	115,995	56,380	59,615	1,201,320	579,005	622,315
Danish	11,530	5,605	5,935	207,470	100,660	106,810
Finnish	5,400	2,585	2,815	143,645	69,045	74,600
Icelandic	8,255	4,055	4,205	101,795	49,875	51,915
Norwegian	68,640	33,310	35,335	463,275	223,075	240,200
Swedish	32,815	15,630	17,185	349,645	163,545	186,095
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	3,530	1,735	1,790	52,780	26,965	25,820
Eastern European origins	243,055	119,620	123,435	3,431,245	1,666,740	1,764,505
Bulgarian	355	190	160	34,565	16,935	17,625
Byelorussian	290	150	140	20,710	10,190	10,515
Czech	4,960	2,545	2,415	104,580	51,555	53,030
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	2,765	1,270	1,495	40,715	19,235	21,480
Estonian	265	150	115	24,530	11,715	12,815
Hungarian	27,885	13,730	14,155	348,085	170,040	178,045
Latvian	535	265	265	30,725	14,920	15,805
Lithuanian	1,045	550	500	59,285	28,745	30,535
Moldovan	345	145	200	14,915	7,265	7,650
Polish	59,950	28,680	31,275	1,106,585	533,830	572,750
Romanian	12,730	6,215	6,515	238,050	114,705	123,345
Russian	39,395	19,620	19,775	622,445	297,600	324,850
Slovak	1,390	750	645	72,285	35,360	36,925
Ukrainian	143,700	70,670	73,025	1,359,655	663,560	696,095
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	255	115	135	20,415	9,895	10,520
Southern European origins	27,415	13,420	13,995	3,012,375	1,494,605	1,517,775
Albanian	605	310	290	36,185	18,385	17,800
Bosnian	515	260	260	26,740	13,320	13,420
Catalan	15	10	10	1,280	740	535
Croatian	2,570	1,295	1,275	133,970	67,825	66,140
Cypriot	45	35	10	5,650	2,850	2,795
Greek	2,880	1,475	1,400	271,410	137,405	134,005
Italian	11,310	5,585	5,725	1,587,965	794,525	793,445
Kosovar	30	25	10	2,865	1,470	1,395
Macedonian	110	45	65	43,110	21,650	21,460
Maltese	125	65	60	41,920	20,955	20,965
Montenegrin	85	40	40	4,160	2,180	1,985
Portuguese	1,885	850	1,035	482,605	239,360	243,250
Serbian	1,300	670	630	96,530	49,095	47,440
Sicilian	100	75	25	6,940	3,500	3,435
Slovenian	640	275	365	40,470	20,105	20,365
Spanish	5,670	2,615	3,050	396,460	184,520	211,945
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	1,065	535	525	38,480	18,620	19,860
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	35	0	30	2,170	1,030	1,135
Other European origins	3,885	2,075	1,805	226,695	115,110	111,580
Basque	50	40	10	6,965	3,690	3,275
Jewish	1,725	905	815	143,660	72,625	71,035
Roma (Gypsy)	165	85	80	4,630	2,195	2,440
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	200	95	105	4,870	2,560	2,310
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	1,755	965	790	67,890	34,730	33,160
Caribbean origins	3,810	2,005	1,805	749,155	349,810	399,345
Antiguan	0	0	0	4,500	2,115	2,385
Bahamian	15	10	0	3,675	1,915	1,760
Barbadian	110	45	60	37,780	17,745	20,035
Bermudan	20	20	0	3,075	1,435	1,640
Carib	10	0	10	3,030	1,175	1,860
Cuban	185	125	55	29,065	13,800	15,270
Dominican	115	75	45	23,130	11,000	12,125
Grenadian	60	25	30	17,915	7,835	10,080
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	1,125	515	605
Haitian	110	75	40	165,095	76,460	88,635
Jamaican	2,250	1,200	1,050	309,485	145,080	164,410
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	2,915	1,460	1,460
Martinican	0	0	0	2,010	900	1,110
Montserratan	0	0	0	930	460	470
Puerto Rican	55	15	40	3,405	1,645	1,765
St. Lucian	45	15	25	8,985	4,095	4,890
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	415	215	200	78,965	37,325	41,635
Vincentian/Grenadinian	30	20	0	17,420	7,475	9,945
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	355	135	225	70,270	31,625	38,645
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	190	90	100	26,830	12,520	14,310
Latin, Central and South American origins	6,695	3,295	3,400	674,640	325,210	349,430
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	300	150	150	22,725	10,875	11,850
Arawak	0	0	0	1,440	610	830
Argentinian	160	60	95	20,680	10,130	10,545
Belizean	55	35	15	1,755	915	845
Bolivian	45	30	15	5,055	2,480	2,580
Brazilian	305	150	155	36,830	17,380	19,455
Chilean	860	450	415	45,190	22,280	22,910
Colombian	705	335	370	96,325	45,590	50,735
Costa Rican	50	15	35	5,535	2,680	2,855
Ecuadorian	105	70	30	25,405	11,995	13,415
Guatemalan	270	135	140	26,275	13,360	12,915
Guyanese	185	110	75	84,275	39,530	44,745
Hispanic	125	75	50	11,055	5,380	5,670
Honduran	95	45	50	10,650	5,235	5,415
Maya	140	75	65	6,285	3,350	2,940
Mexican	2,125	1,060	1,065	128,485	62,890	65,595
Nicaraguan	140	50	90	13,705	6,650	7,055
Panamanian	15	0	10	4,700	2,210	2,495
Paraguayan	40	30	10	4,325	2,165	2,160
Peruvian	295	120	175	42,145	19,645	22,505
Salvadorean	765	350	415	66,220	32,960	33,255
Uruguayan	65	20	40	6,795	3,390	3,410
Venezuelan	55	30	30	26,345	12,220	14,125
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	320	165	160	28,455	13,930	14,525
African origins	16,170	8,480	7,690	1,067,930	539,805	528,120
Central and West African origins	4,440	2,355	2,090	230,110	118,040	112,070
Akan	115	80	40	1,955	1,090	870
Angolan	10	0	10	2,960	1,475	1,480
Ashanti	10	10	0	1,585	855	735
Beninese	0	0	0	4,995	2,670	2,320
Burkinabe	20	15	10	3,150	1,665	1,485
Cameroonian	205	90	110	24,615	12,390	12,230
Chadian	0	0	0	1,845	955	885
Congolese	530	290	240	38,365	18,925	19,440
Edo	40	20	15	1,945	1,095	855
Ewe	10	0	0	845	470	375
Gabonese	0	0	0	1,405	660	750
Gambian	40	20	15	975	495	475
Ghanaian	555	320	235	35,495	17,720	17,770
Guinean	25	20	10	7,240	3,785	3,455
Ibo	485	275	215	5,315	2,850	2,470
Ivorian	75	35	45	10,935	5,485	5,450
Liberian	85	25	60	2,485	1,130	1,360
Malian	30	15	15	4,490	2,280	2,210
Malinké	0	0	0	1,125	585	535
Nigerian	1,715	875	835	51,835	27,025	24,805
Peulh	0	0	0	2,435	1,270	1,170
Senegalese	20	15	10	10,175	5,500	4,670
Sierra Leonean	40	25	10	2,620	1,330	1,295
Togolese	55	35	20	5,300	2,870	2,430
Wolof	0	10	0	840	495	345
Yoruba	520	270	255	9,585	5,075	4,515
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	235	115	125	15,380	7,940	7,445
North African origins	2,190	1,210	980	355,045	185,775	169,270
Algerian	70	50	15	67,335	34,755	32,580
Berber	55	45	15	37,060	19,685	17,375
Coptic	40	15	20	3,535	1,860	1,680
Dinka	35	20	15	900	500	400
Egyptian	535	290	245	99,140	51,730	47,410
Libyan	205	115	85	7,740	4,135	3,605
Maure	0	0	0	1,190	655	535
Moroccan	220	110	115	103,940	54,005	49,945
Sudanese	935	515	420	19,960	10,315	9,645
Tunisian	105	60	50	25,645	13,985	11,665
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	40	30	10	6,115	3,320	2,795
Southern and East African origins	6,320	3,210	3,110	260,145	128,325	131,815
Afrikaner	60	35	30	1,870	955	915
Amhara	20	10	10	1,530	815	715
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	45	30	10	3,965	2,175	1,785
Burundian	300	155	145	10,990	5,405	5,580
Djiboutian	10	10	10	1,710	790	920
Eritrean	1,130	540	590	25,255	12,830	12,430
Ethiopian	675	335	345	44,065	21,680	22,385
Harari	0	0	0	665	355	305
Kenyan	190	95	95	10,915	5,230	5,685
Malagasy	10	0	10	4,500	2,175	2,325
Mauritian	205	90	110	9,325	4,655	4,665
Oromo	140	65	75	3,350	1,745	1,605
Rwandan	80	20	60	10,775	5,065	5,705
Seychellois	10	10	0	1,285	575	710
Somali	1,275	635	635	62,550	30,215	32,330
South African	1,295	680	615	41,375	20,575	20,800
Tanzanian	55	35	20	4,710	2,400	2,310
Tigrian	45	30	15	2,155	1,160	995
Ugandan	90	40	50	5,705	2,875	2,830
Zambian	190	90	100	1,860	935	920
Zimbabwean	260	170	90	8,090	3,975	4,110
Zulu	35	30	10	945	475	475
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	535	300	240	17,305	8,445	8,860
Other African origins	3,605	1,940	1,665	239,560	116,400	123,165
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	345	190	160	30,385	14,015	16,370
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	3,290	1,770	1,525	212,005	103,790	108,215
Asian origins	99,125	49,845	49,280	6,095,235	2,958,120	3,137,115
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	9,415	5,015	4,400	1,011,145	518,170	492,980
Afghan	780	390	385	83,995	42,320	41,675
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	1,175	645	530	111,400	58,930	52,475
Armenian	240	130	115	63,810	31,505	32,305
Assyrian	215	120	95	13,835	7,115	6,720
Azerbaijani	50	25	25	6,425	3,230	3,200
Georgian	35	20	10	4,775	2,430	2,345
Hazara	25	10	20	1,515	810	705
Iranian	1,345	740	600	210,405	106,565	103,840
Iraqi	1,290	690	605	70,925	35,965	34,955
Israeli	120	75	50	28,735	15,065	13,675
Jordanian	75	40	30	14,250	7,520	6,735
Kazakh	30	15	15	3,330	1,615	1,710
Kurd	200	110	90	16,315	8,810	7,515
Kuwaiti	10	0	0	2,235	1,185	1,055
Kyrgyz	30	10	20	1,060	510	550
Lebanese	1,360	660	700	219,555	112,970	106,590
Palestinian	120	60	55	44,820	23,900	20,920
Pashtun	175	100	75	4,810	2,565	2,245
Saudi Arabian	110	80	30	6,810	3,935	2,880
Syrian	1,365	740	625	77,045	38,445	38,600
Tajik	10	10	0	2,905	1,410	1,495
Tatar	60	25	35	4,825	2,155	2,670
Turk	860	450	405	63,955	32,855	31,100
Turkmen	20	10	10	1,040	540	500
Uighur	0	0	0	1,555	775	785
Uzbek	70	15	50	3,920	1,920	2,000
Yemeni	45	20	20	6,645	3,335	3,305
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	265	130	130	25,280	13,180	12,100
South Asian origins	29,830	15,955	13,870	1,963,330	993,595	969,735
Bangladeshi	2,040	1,090	945	45,940	23,645	22,300
Bengali	600	350	250	22,900	11,730	11,180
Bhutanese	210	110	100	3,600	1,765	1,835
East Indian	18,695	10,090	8,600	1,374,710	694,990	679,720
Goan	45	25	15	6,070	2,915	3,155
Gujarati	195	105	95	8,350	4,305	4,050
Kashmiri	115	75	40	3,115	1,605	1,510
Nepali	565	320	245	17,140	8,715	8,420
Pakistani	6,255	3,220	3,035	215,555	110,420	105,140
Punjabi	1,425	790	635	118,400	61,155	57,240
Sinhalese	65	30	30	7,285	3,605	3,685
Sri Lankan	515	290	225	152,595	75,010	77,585
Tamil	120	65	55	48,670	24,845	23,825
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	1,075	545	530	76,400	38,815	37,585
East and Southeast Asian origins	60,010	28,955	31,060	3,163,360	1,467,205	1,696,155
Burmese	465	210	260	9,335	4,535	4,795
Cambodian (Khmer)	305	165	145	38,490	18,515	19,980
Chinese	19,075	9,300	9,780	1,769,195	836,150	933,045
Filipino	33,630	16,200	17,425	837,130	369,105	468,025
Hmong	0	0	0	805	420	390
Indonesian	220	115	105	21,390	9,950	11,440
Japanese	1,220	530	690	121,485	53,415	68,070
Karen	585	290	290	4,510	2,275	2,240
Korean	2,025	870	1,155	198,210	93,680	104,525
Laotian	705	335	380	24,580	12,190	12,390
Malaysian	160	75	80	16,920	7,735	9,185
Mongolian	205	105	100	7,480	3,560	3,915
Singaporean	10	0	10	2,850	1,325	1,520
Taiwanese	265	115	155	36,510	16,570	19,945
Thai	420	170	250	19,010	7,330	11,680
Tibetan	50	35	25	8,040	4,055	3,985
Vietnamese	3,690	1,885	1,800	240,615	115,935	124,680
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	95	40	55	6,500	3,150	3,355
Other Asian origins	735	340	390	22,745	11,280	11,460
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	735	345	385	22,740	11,280	11,460
Oceania origins	1,430	760	665	85,470	43,030	42,440
Australian	890	505	385	42,315	21,710	20,605
New Zealander	265	140	125	15,395	8,065	7,330
Pacific Islands origins	310	140	170	29,485	14,240	15,250
Fijian	110	60	50	19,375	9,280	10,090
Hawaiian	25	10	10	3,295	1,500	1,795
Maori	45	0	35	2,500	1,310	1,195
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	25	15	10	1,530	725	805
Samoan	55	25	30	1,100	625	475
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	60	25	35	2,335	1,145	1,185
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	432,620	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Owner	311,470	...	...	9,541,320	...	...
Renter	109,685	...	...	4,474,530	...	...
Band housing	11,470	...	...	56,230	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	432,620	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Condominium	41,960	...	...	1,874,840	...	...
Not condominium	390,660	...	...	12,197,240	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	432,625	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
No bedrooms	1,290	...	...	93,345	...	...
1 bedroom	40,600	...	...	1,925,015	...	...
2 bedrooms	97,340	...	...	3,547,090	...	...
3 bedrooms	148,060	...	...	4,836,485	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	145,330	...	...	3,670,145	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	432,620	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	92,375	...	...	4,068,915	...	...
5 rooms	67,645	...	...	2,177,045	...	...
6 rooms	64,215	...	...	1,981,585	...	...
7 rooms	57,945	...	...	1,790,180	...	...
8 or more rooms	150,440	...	...	4,054,355	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	432,625	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
One person or fewer per room	422,915	...	...	13,802,060	...	...
More than 1 person per room	9,705	...	...	270,020	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	432,620	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Suitable	412,220	...	...	13,376,345	...	...
Not suitable	20,410	...	...	695,730	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	432,620	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
1960 or before	101,805	...	...	3,126,380	...	...
1961 to 1980	150,440	...	...	4,185,510	...	...
1981 to 1990	62,270	...	...	1,977,640	...	...
1991 to 2000	33,495	...	...	1,746,390	...	...
2001 to 2005	17,905	...	...	976,390	...	...
2006 to 2010	28,610	...	...	1,089,750	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	38,095	...	...	970,015	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	432,625	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	395,105	...	...	13,151,600	...	...
Major repairs needed	37,520	...	...	920,480	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	432,620	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
1 household maintainer	261,245	...	...	8,324,865	...	...
2 household maintainers	162,550	...	...	5,404,800	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	8,825	...	...	342,415	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	432,625	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
15 to 24 years	18,235	...	...	437,230	...	...
25 to 34 years	72,225	...	...	1,991,685	...	...
35 to 44 years	73,675	...	...	2,414,920	...	...
45 to 54 years	77,920	...	...	2,862,870	...	...
55 to 64 years	84,110	...	...	2,859,315	...	...
65 to 74 years	56,280	...	...	2,034,220	...	...
75 to 84 years	34,845	...	...	1,084,700	...	...
85 years and over	15,340	...	...	387,135	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	396,790	...	...	13,798,305	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	316,505	...	...	10,472,355	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	80,295	...	...	3,325,950	...	...
30% to less than 100%	70,690	...	...	2,861,615	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	289,805	...	...	9,368,330	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	57.9	...	...	60.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	12.1	...	...	16.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,001	...	...	1,130	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,178	...	...	1,313	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	299,606	...	...	341,556	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	318,917	...	...	443,058	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	107,535	...	...	4,452,850	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	21.4	...	...	13.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	42.1	...	...	40.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	965	...	...	910	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,021	...	...	1,002	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	857,295	424,265	433,035	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,580
No certificate, diploma or degree	177,210	96,680	80,530	5,239,575	2,667,995	2,571,585
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	261,210	133,730	127,480	7,576,400	3,686,630	3,889,770
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	418,880	193,855	225,025	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,230
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	89,440	64,100	25,340	2,800,260	1,906,610	893,650
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	38,045	21,495	16,550	1,549,880	880,365	669,515
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	51,395	42,605	8,790	1,250,385	1,026,250	224,140
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	146,770	51,240	95,530	5,553,825	2,326,940	3,226,890
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,195	10,790	17,405	813,335	331,940	481,395
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	154,480	67,730	86,745	6,659,615	3,070,315	3,589,300
Bachelor's degree	112,760	47,490	65,270	4,443,835	1,967,905	2,475,935
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	7,635	3,400	4,235	462,295	203,725	258,570
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,830	2,580	2,245	190,925	102,530	88,395
Master's degree	24,375	11,095	13,275	1,331,045	651,510	679,535
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	4,880	3,155	1,725	231,510	144,640	86,870
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	566,245	282,510	283,735	18,931,380	9,268,555	9,662,830
No certificate, diploma or degree	69,200	42,050	27,150	2,169,790	1,200,110	969,685
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	168,035	88,530	79,505	4,494,585	2,247,020	2,247,565
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	329,005	151,930	177,075	12,267,005	5,821,425	6,445,580
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	66,955	48,885	18,075	2,042,430	1,377,775	664,650
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	27,765	16,095	11,670	1,145,035	639,785	505,250
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	39,190	32,785	6,400	897,390	737,990	159,405
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	115,085	41,085	74,000	4,241,985	1,786,065	2,455,920
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	19,380	7,775	11,605	580,885	240,040	340,850
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	127,585	54,190	73,395	5,401,705	2,417,555	2,984,155
Bachelor's degree	92,905	38,180	54,730	3,590,080	1,562,160	2,027,925
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	5,890	2,525	3,365	362,455	151,205	211,250
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,065	1,995	2,070	153,290	74,440	78,855
Master's degree	20,975	9,170	11,805	1,120,190	527,335	592,850
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	3,750	2,320	1,435	175,685	102,415	73,275
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	857,295	424,265	433,030	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	438,420	230,405	208,005	12,815,980	6,354,625	6,461,350
Education	40,995	10,635	30,355	1,060,095	251,290	808,800
13. Education	40,990	10,635	30,350	1,060,095	251,290	808,805
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	8,870	4,150	4,720	596,230	268,050	328,180
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,015	1,455	560	99,020	72,865	26,150
50. Visual and performing arts	6,850	2,690	4,160	497,210	195,185	302,025
Humanities	15,400	6,905	8,495	850,840	330,490	520,345
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,030	260	770	98,000	22,100	75,900
23. English language and literature/letters	3,180	990	2,190	178,590	52,785	125,810
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,105	1,185	1,920	275,525	104,135	171,390
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	35	0	30	4,160	1,640	2,520
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,180	695	480	51,930	30,185	21,750
39. Theology and religious vocations	4,700	2,645	2,050	77,490	46,285	31,200
54. History	1,760	1,000	760	111,465	59,965	51,500
55. French language and literature/letters	425	120	300	53,680	13,400	40,290
Social and behavioural sciences and law	30,500	10,015	20,485	1,761,900	586,455	1,175,445
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	750	185	565	24,685	5,660	19,025
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,060	905	1,160	182,275	68,030	114,245
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,805	425	6,380	324,660	26,065	298,595
22. Legal professions and studies	5,410	1,930	3,480	289,600	102,660	186,945
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	465	155	310	35,445	8,150	27,295
42. Psychology	5,555	1,480	4,075	281,470	71,230	210,230
45. Social sciences	9,455	4,940	4,510	623,775	304,660	319,110
Business, management and public administration	85,800	25,105	60,695	3,360,045	1,272,475	2,087,565
30.16 Accounting and computer science	240	50	190	6,190	1,850	4,340
44. Public administration and social service professions	8,250	1,710	6,545	237,835	48,815	189,015
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	77,310	23,350	53,960	3,116,025	1,221,805	1,894,215
Physical and life sciences and technologies	11,455	5,905	5,550	614,280	315,665	298,615
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	5,675	2,515	3,160	249,955	105,560	144,400
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,395	725	670	125,600	61,685	63,915
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	105	25	80	28,155	12,625	15,530
40. Physical sciences	3,240	2,265	970	179,305	122,815	56,485
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,045	375	670	31,270	12,980	18,290
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	11,695	7,040	4,655	651,480	420,370	231,110
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	9,390	6,135	3,250	514,685	356,435	158,250
25. Library science	990	85	905	40,820	6,495	34,320
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,145	700	445	86,655	50,930	35,725
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	170	110	55	9,325	6,510	2,815
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	93,145	86,660	6,485	3,327,405	3,022,700	304,700
04. Architecture and related services	1,520	960	560	114,315	72,880	41,435
14. Engineering	14,090	11,790	2,300	752,465	615,880	136,585
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	13,790	12,290	1,505	620,065	551,855	68,205
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	410	85	325
46. Construction trades	24,650	23,840	810	702,155	682,710	19,445
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	26,325	25,535	790	731,135	709,430	21,705
48. Precision production	12,765	12,240	525	406,855	389,850	17,005
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	16,655	12,040	4,615	339,050	219,040	120,010
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	13,585	9,885	3,705	205,930	127,925	78,005
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,075	2,160	910	133,120	91,115	42,005
Health and related fields	74,750	12,215	62,530	2,266,720	441,180	1,825,545
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	4,340	2,030	2,315	164,295	81,260	83,040
51. Health professions and related programs	69,090	9,460	59,630	2,047,680	329,010	1,718,670
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,315	725	590	54,740	30,910	23,830
Personal, protective and transportation services	29,585	13,165	16,420	995,825	507,200	488,630
12. Personal and culinary services	18,450	3,845	14,605	565,555	151,530	414,025
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	10	3,505	3,080	420
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	175	160	20	7,900	7,230	670
43. Security and protective services	5,070	3,705	1,360	206,745	150,540	56,205
49. Transportation and materials moving	5,880	5,450	430	212,125	194,810	17,315
Other	40	20	20	3,170	885	2,280
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	40	20	20	3,170	890	2,280
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	566,245	282,510	283,730	18,931,385	9,268,555	9,662,825
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	237,235	130,580	106,660	6,664,380	3,447,130	3,217,250
Education	28,195	6,885	21,310	727,515	160,315	567,205
13. Education	28,195	6,885	21,310	727,515	160,315	567,200
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	7,175	3,350	3,825	467,905	208,365	259,545
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,550	1,100	450	74,530	53,995	20,535
50. Visual and performing arts	5,630	2,250	3,380	393,375	154,370	239,005
Humanities	11,760	5,110	6,650	614,815	232,425	382,390
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	825	205	620	76,540	16,200	60,340
23. English language and literature/letters	2,470	745	1,735	133,800	38,310	95,485
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,515	910	1,605	191,005	71,770	119,235
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	30	10	25	3,140	1,250	1,895
38. Philosophy and religious studies	920	540	380	37,870	21,930	15,940
39. Theology and religious vocations	3,345	1,905	1,435	52,295	31,200	21,090
54. History	1,365	725	640	82,565	43,475	39,085
55. French language and literature/letters	285	75	205	37,600	8,285	29,315
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25,830	8,205	17,625	1,417,625	453,100	964,525
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	670	165	505	20,300	4,595	15,705
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,870	800	1,065	152,080	56,125	95,955
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	5,680	350	5,330	259,845	19,160	240,685
22. Legal professions and studies	4,735	1,550	3,185	241,170	76,720	164,445
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	370	120	250	27,310	6,390	20,920
42. Psychology	4,335	1,055	3,280	218,470	51,570	166,900
45. Social sciences	8,175	4,160	4,010	498,450	238,540	259,915
Business, management and public administration	69,300	20,470	48,835	2,696,770	1,000,895	1,695,875
30.16 Accounting and computer science	195	35	165	4,955	1,480	3,475
44. Public administration and social service professions	6,795	1,230	5,570	192,190	36,890	155,305
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	62,310	19,205	43,105	2,499,625	962,530	1,537,095
Physical and life sciences and technologies	8,985	4,575	4,405	449,870	222,120	227,755
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	4,490	1,995	2,495	195,830	79,945	115,880
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,085	530	550	89,205	42,265	46,945
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	95	25	70	9,280	3,850	5,430
40. Physical sciences	2,545	1,700	845	132,935	87,025	45,905
41. Science technologies/technicians	770	320	450	22,625	9,035	13,590
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10,235	6,210	4,030	567,415	368,840	198,575
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	8,590	5,615	2,970	464,000	321,805	142,190
25. Library science	730	60	670	29,955	4,870	25,080
27. Mathematics and statistics	760	430	335	65,620	36,895	28,725
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	160	105	55	7,840	5,270	2,575
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	72,720	67,225	5,500	2,532,555	2,271,735	260,820
04. Architecture and related services	1,215	745	470	93,135	57,280	35,850
14. Engineering	11,685	9,635	2,045	612,265	490,980	121,285
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	11,195	9,865	1,330	475,045	418,595	56,450
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	350	70	275
46. Construction trades	18,905	18,275	630	515,630	499,670	15,960
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	19,855	19,240	620	540,800	523,425	17,375
48. Precision production	9,865	9,460	410	295,335	281,715	13,620
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	13,365	9,360	4,005	269,445	167,680	101,770
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	10,720	7,545	3,175	159,975	94,680	65,295
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,645	1,815	835	109,470	73,000	36,470
Health and related fields	57,985	9,720	48,265	1,749,545	342,395	1,407,145
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	3,520	1,635	1,890	129,560	63,315	66,245
51. Health professions and related programs	53,345	7,510	45,835	1,576,945	256,895	1,320,050
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,120	580	545	43,040	22,185	20,860
Personal, protective and transportation services	23,415	10,820	12,600	770,950	392,820	378,135
12. Personal and culinary services	14,320	3,175	11,155	431,415	114,395	317,025
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	2,725	2,355	375
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	100	95	0	4,425	3,975	445
43. Security and protective services	4,055	2,955	1,105	162,995	116,750	46,240
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,935	4,590	340	169,400	155,340	14,050
Other	35	15	20	2,590	745	1,845
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	35	10	20	2,585	740	1,845
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	857,300	424,265	433,035	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,585
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	438,415	230,410	208,005	12,815,975	6,354,625	6,461,350
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	418,880	193,855	225,025	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,235
Location of study inside Canada	366,620	167,715	198,905	13,117,190	6,299,305	6,817,890
Same as province or territory of residence	293,455	130,990	162,465	11,519,215	5,503,640	6,015,575
Different than province or territory of residence	73,165	36,725	36,445	1,597,975	795,655	802,315
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	52,260	26,140	26,120	2,709,850	1,336,505	1,373,345
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	7,230	3,670	3,560	349,540	189,995	159,545
Philippines	13,980	6,230	7,750	298,830	109,820	189,020
India	6,215	3,280	2,930	281,415	142,410	138,995
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	3,250	1,830	1,420	232,035	131,050	100,980
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,730	1,295	1,435	205,375	94,690	110,685
France	220	125	95	88,860	50,400	38,455
Other	18,630	9,705	8,925	1,253,790	618,135	635,655
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	566,245	282,510	283,735	18,931,380	9,268,555	9,662,830
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	237,235	130,580	106,660	6,664,380	3,447,125	3,217,250
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	329,010	151,930	177,075	12,267,005	5,821,430	6,445,575
Location of study inside Canada	283,450	129,445	154,005	10,134,590	4,807,045	5,327,545
Same as province or territory of residence	225,420	100,405	125,010	8,918,160	4,207,495	4,710,665
Different than province or territory of residence	58,035	29,035	28,995	1,216,425	599,545	616,875
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	45,560	22,490	23,070	2,132,415	1,014,385	1,118,030
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	5,210	2,495	2,715	254,245	131,955	122,290
Philippines	13,335	5,950	7,385	263,095	96,025	167,065
India	5,560	2,935	2,625	239,535	117,445	122,090
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	2,180	1,275	905	133,655	73,575	60,085
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,520	1,180	1,345	175,825	79,635	96,190
France	200	115	85	72,920	40,610	32,310
Other	16,555	8,540	8,015	993,135	475,145	517,990
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	857,295	424,260	433,035	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,585
In the labour force	585,540	311,110	274,430	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,645
Employed	544,095	286,330	257,760	17,230,040	8,923,540	8,306,490
Unemployed	41,445	24,775	16,665	1,442,435	808,285	634,150
Not in the labour force	271,760	113,155	158,605	9,970,545	4,258,605	5,711,945
Participation rate	68.3	73.3	63.4	65.2	69.6	61.0
Employment rate	63.5	67.5	59.5	60.2	63.8	56.7
Unemployment rate	7.1	8.0	6.1	7.7	8.3	7.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	857,295	424,260	433,030	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,580
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	242,835	100,140	142,695	9,282,005	3,930,570	5,351,440
Worked	614,460	324,130	290,335	19,361,010	10,059,865	9,301,150
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	313,945	180,260	133,690	9,626,010	5,402,110	4,223,895
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	300,515	143,870	156,650	9,735,005	4,657,755	5,077,245
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.6	43.1	41.9	42.4	42.9	42.0
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	585,535	311,110	274,425	18,672,470	9,731,825	8,940,640
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	10,230	5,205	5,020	404,350	197,705	206,640
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	575,310	305,900	269,405	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000
Employee	490,180	250,460	239,710	16,073,685	8,158,745	7,914,940
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	85,130	55,440	29,695	2,194,440	1,375,380	819,060
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	585,535	311,105	274,430	18,672,470	9,731,830	8,940,645
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	10,225	5,205	5,020	404,350	197,710	206,640
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	575,310	305,905	269,410	18,268,120	9,534,120	8,734,005
0 Management occupations	81,060	54,030	27,035	2,013,370	1,251,165	762,205
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	80,640	20,280	60,355	2,874,305	862,870	2,011,440
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	28,325	21,685	6,640	1,273,660	990,560	283,105
3 Health occupations	41,675	6,510	35,170	1,245,885	244,730	1,001,155
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	64,685	19,715	44,970	2,138,445	672,945	1,465,495
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	10,760	4,025	6,735	557,275	255,705	301,570
6 Sales and service occupations	124,090	50,165	73,920	4,265,895	1,843,510	2,422,390
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	99,755	93,540	6,215	2,668,875	2,504,290	164,585
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	28,155	22,590	5,565	416,135	331,920	84,215
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	16,165	13,370	2,800	814,285	576,435	237,845
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	585,540	311,105	274,430	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,640
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	10,225	5,200	5,020	404,350	197,710	206,640
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	575,310	305,905	269,410	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	51,255	36,820	14,440	444,680	310,000	134,675
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	23,070	20,040	3,025	271,300	219,880	51,420
22 Utilities	5,395	3,780	1,610	136,350	100,135	36,210
23 Construction	49,310	43,460	5,850	1,365,010	1,196,550	168,455
31-33 Manufacturing	26,710	21,000	5,710	1,596,570	1,149,745	446,820
41 Wholesale trade	20,480	15,325	5,155	665,685	451,230	214,455
44-45 Retail trade	63,360	30,185	33,180	2,110,200	984,090	1,126,115
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	24,755	19,385	5,370	876,050	656,375	219,670
51 Information and cultural industries	10,005	5,055	4,950	420,350	243,650	176,705
52 Finance and insurance	20,155	6,495	13,655	790,580	327,865	462,715
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	7,650	4,425	3,220	333,305	184,350	148,955
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	25,250	12,985	12,265	1,335,125	740,520	594,605
55 Management of companies and enterprises	1,340	680	660	28,795	12,795	16,000
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	16,395	9,660	6,735	802,420	462,825	339,590
61 Educational services	45,360	13,670	31,690	1,346,585	420,845	925,735
62 Health care and social assistance	72,625	11,285	61,335	2,138,025	383,755	1,754,270
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	10,545	5,120	5,425	379,740	192,875	186,865
72 Accommodation and food services	37,785	14,295	23,490	1,283,725	535,210	748,515
81 Other services (except public administration)	25,680	12,590	13,090	814,695	371,880	442,815
91 Public administration	38,180	19,640	18,535	1,128,945	589,530	539,405
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	544,095	286,330	257,760	17,230,035	8,923,540	8,306,495
Worked at home	59,385	34,110	25,275	1,272,285	639,500	632,785
Worked outside Canada	840	550	295	78,815	54,235	24,580
No fixed workplace address	68,510	54,860	13,650	1,987,260	1,487,445	499,820
Worked at usual place	415,355	196,815	218,545	13,891,675	6,742,360	7,149,315
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	415,355	196,815	218,540	13,891,680	6,742,365	7,149,315
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	288,875	131,440	157,430	8,102,115	3,723,115	4,379,005
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	89,420	45,175	44,250	2,906,390	1,435,640	1,470,750
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	28,040	15,365	12,675	2,725,205	1,492,170	1,233,030
Commute to a different province or territory	9,015	4,830	4,185	157,970	91,445	66,525
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	483,865	251,675	232,190	15,878,940	8,229,810	7,649,135
Car, truck, van - as a driver	402,405	216,695	185,705	11,748,095	6,380,120	5,367,975
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	27,960	10,265	17,695	868,920	349,855	519,065
Public transit	13,825	5,380	8,445	1,968,215	846,735	1,121,485
Walked	27,120	11,505	15,615	877,985	392,950	485,030
Bicycle	5,475	3,415	2,065	222,130	146,615	75,515
Other method	7,075	4,410	2,665	193,595	113,525	80,060
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	483,865	251,675	232,190	15,878,945	8,229,810	7,649,130
Less than 15 minutes	212,525	101,290	111,235	4,449,920	2,071,365	2,378,555
15 to 29 minutes	179,160	95,105	84,055	5,314,295	2,725,165	2,589,130
30 to 44 minutes	53,345	30,035	23,310	3,228,845	1,782,680	1,446,165
45 to 59 minutes	17,630	10,285	7,345	1,391,060	768,115	622,940
60 minutes and over	21,205	14,960	6,245	1,494,830	882,485	612,345
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	483,865	251,675	232,190	15,878,940	8,229,810	7,649,135
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	29,630	21,835	7,800	1,073,680	781,230	292,455
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	88,420	56,715	31,705	2,814,750	1,754,045	1,060,710
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	158,875	83,520	75,355	4,458,835	2,217,210	2,241,620
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	101,065	40,385	60,680	3,349,975	1,408,710	1,941,265
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	41,740	16,680	25,065	1,756,265	752,940	1,003,325
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	64,140	32,540	31,600	2,425,435	1,315,670	1,109,765
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	633,325	332,450	300,875	19,956,255	10,342,970	9,613,285
Single responses	630,465	331,130	299,335	19,365,980	10,042,855	9,323,130
Official languages	626,545	329,115	297,435	19,090,545	9,897,470	9,193,075
English	624,555	328,520	296,030	15,265,335	7,952,010	7,313,320
French	1,995	590	1,405	3,825,215	1,945,465	1,879,750
Non-official languages	3,920	2,020	1,895	275,430	145,380	130,055
Aboriginal languages	1,540	775	770	24,950	12,385	12,565
Algonquian languages	915	485	435	14,440	7,370	7,070
Blackfoot	0	0	0	80	45	35
Cree-Montagnais languages	905	470	430	11,540	5,820	5,720
Atikamekw	0	0	0	1,095	580	515
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	2,055	970	1,085
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	370	180	190
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	40	25	10
Plains Cree	95	55	40	95	60	35
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	15	10	0
Woods Cree	40	25	20	75	35	40
Cree, n.o.s.	770	395	375	7,795	3,965	3,835
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	925	510	420
Malecite	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	915	505	410
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	10	10	1,895	995	900
Algonquin	0	0	0	45	20	25
Ojibway	15	10	0	765	380	385
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	1,080	595	485
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	620	290	340	1,140	530	610
Northern Athabaskan languages	625	285	340	1,135	525	610
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	20	0	15
Chilcotin	0	0	0	20	0	10
Dene	625	285	335	770	360	405
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	165	80	80
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	10	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	135	65	70
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	95	45	45
South Slavey	0	0	0	35	20	20
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	10
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuit languages	0	0	0	8,845	4,255	4,595
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	35	10	25
Inuktitut	0	0	0	8,800	4,240	4,555
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	35	10	30
Cayuga	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	35	10	25
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	10	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	110	25	85
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	15	10	10
Lillooet	0	0	0	15	10	10
Okanagan	0	0	0	20	10	20
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	35	0	30
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	15	0	15
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Siouan languages	10	0	0	260	155	105
Dakota	0	10	0	20	10	10
Stoney	0	0	0	240	145	95
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	10	10
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	25	0	20
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	35	15	20
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	15	15
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,375	1,245	1,130	250,485	132,990	117,490
Afro-Asiatic languages	115	100	20	7,380	4,530	2,850
Berber languages	0	0	0	35	10	30
Kabyle	0	0	0	20	0	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	15
Cushitic languages	10	0	10	275	105	170
Bilen	0	0	0	10	10	10
Oromo	0	0	0	45	25	20
Somali	10	0	10	220	80	145
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	110	95	10	7,065	4,420	2,650
Amharic	0	0	0	200	95	100
Arabic	75	65	0	5,585	3,695	1,890
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	20	20	0	205	155	55
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	30	20	15
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	825	335	490
Maltese	0	0	0	25	15	10
Tigrigna	10	0	10	135	70	60
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	65	35	30
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	245	135	115	8,550	3,790	4,760
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	475	230	245
Vietnamese	245	135	115	8,070	3,560	4,510
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	205	105	95	3,850	1,750	2,095
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	10	10	75	20	55
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	25	0	15
Ilocano	0	0	0	110	50	60
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	10	140	75	65
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	185	100	85	3,450	1,580	1,875
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	15
Creole languages	0	0	0	350	125	225
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	25	10	15
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	315	110	200
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	2,225	1,060	1,165
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	90	50	45
Tamil	0	0	0	2,090	1,005	1,080
Telugu	0	0	0	45	10	35
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Indo-European languages	560	250	305	85,550	47,305	38,245
Albanian	0	0	0	350	220	125
Armenian	0	0	0	450	220	230
Balto-Slavic languages	100	35	60	10,075	4,745	5,330
Baltic languages	0	0	0	95	35	60
Latvian	0	0	0	40	10	25
Lithuanian	0	0	0	60	25	30
Slavic languages	95	35	60	9,980	4,710	5,270
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	155	90	65
Bulgarian	0	0	0	205	110	90
Croatian	0	0	0	220	130	95
Czech	0	0	0	70	40	30
Macedonian	0	0	0	95	45	55
Polish	0	0	0	2,500	1,265	1,235
Russian	25	10	10	4,850	2,135	2,720
Serbian	0	0	0	530	320	210
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	30	25	0
Slovak	0	0	0	100	60	40
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	15	0	10
Ukrainian	65	20	50	1,210	485	725
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	25	20	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	15	15	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	10
Germanic languages	165	95	65	13,285	7,455	5,835
Afrikaans	30	10	20	85	40	40
Danish	0	0	0	90	50	35
Dutch	40	25	20	1,165	630	540
Frisian	0	0	0	40	25	15
German	80	50	30	10,065	5,715	4,345
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	10	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	65	30	40
Swedish	0	0	0	125	55	70
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	35	20	15
Yiddish	0	0	0	895	390	505
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	15	0	720	495	225
Greek	0	0	10	1,020	545	475
Indo-Iranian languages	180	75	100	37,330	21,140	16,190
Indo-Aryan languages	160	70	90	32,485	18,125	14,360
Bengali	25	15	10	530	275	245
Gujarati	0	0	10	880	300	585
Hindi	20	10	10	1,405	755	650
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	10	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	30	15	15
Nepali	10	0	10	195	95	100
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40	20	20	27,870	15,945	11,920
Sindhi	0	0	0	35	10	30
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	0	40	25	20
Urdu	50	25	30	1,495	705	790
Iranian languages	20	10	15	4,820	3,000	1,815
Kurdish	0	0	0	185	150	40
Pashto	0	0	0	50	20	25
Persian (Farsi)	25	0	15	4,580	2,830	1,750
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages	110	45	70	23,025	12,965	10,060
Catalan	0	0	0	30	10	20
Italian	0	0	0	1,705	895	805
Portuguese	0	0	0	7,490	4,795	2,695
Romanian	10	0	0	745	365	380
Spanish	105	40	60	13,030	6,885	6,145
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10
Japanese	10	0	10	3,255	1,195	2,065
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Georgian	0	0	0	30	10	20
Korean	110	40	70	12,150	6,260	5,885
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	0	235	120	115
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	25	10	20
Bamanankan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	20	10	10
Igbo	0	0	0	10	10	0
Lingala	0	0	0	10	0	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	25	0	15
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	80	50	30
Wolof	0	0	0	10	0	10
Yoruba	0	0	0	15	0	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	60	35	30	1,920	740	1,180
American Sign Language	10	0	10	1,145	340	810
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	135	15	115
Sign languages, n.i.e	50	30	20	640	390	255
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,030	560	465	122,880	65,030	57,850
Chinese languages	990	540	450	122,610	64,880	57,730
Cantonese	250	140	105	58,815	30,485	28,340
Hakka	10	0	10	70	25	45
Mandarin	605	310	300	60,090	32,430	27,665
Min Dong	0	0	0	25	15	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	565	335	225
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	105	65	45
Chinese, n.o.s.	135	90	40	2,930	1,530	1,405
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40	25	20	270	155	115
Burmese	15	10	0	75	35	35
Karenic languages	25	20	10	135	75	55
Tibetan	0	0	0	50	30	20
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Tai-Kadai languages	15	10	0	675	270	405
Lao	0	0	0	150	70	80
Thai	10	0	10	525	205	325
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	10	0	750	475	275
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	30	20	0
Turkish	15	0	0	685	435	255
Uyghur	0	0	0	15	15	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	15	10	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	0	10	595	270	325
Estonian	0	0	0	50	15	40
Finnish	0	0	0	105	40	65
Hungarian	10	0	10	435	225	215
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	45	35
Multiple responses	2,860	1,315	1,540	590,270	300,115	290,155
English and French	650	235	410	412,680	211,095	201,585
English and non-official language	2,190	1,065	1,125	154,285	77,870	76,420
French and non-official language	0	0	0	7,830	3,595	4,235
English, French and non-official language	20	15	0	15,475	7,565	7,915
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	633,320	332,445	300,875	19,956,250	10,342,970	9,613,290
None	613,955	323,280	290,670	17,456,725	9,056,235	8,400,490
English	3,515	1,450	2,070	1,259,225	661,460	597,765
French	3,800	1,675	2,125	705,780	349,035	356,745
Non-official language	11,880	5,960	5,925	496,565	257,455	239,105
Aboriginal	4,590	2,095	2,490	37,615	17,215	20,400
Non-Aboriginal	7,290	3,860	3,435	458,945	240,245	218,710
English and French	0	0	0	2,535	1,200	1,335
English and non-official language	10	0	10	18,040	8,765	9,280
French and non-official language	170	90	85	17,265	8,730	8,540
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	115	90	30
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	1,055,820	525,975	529,850	34,091,785	16,783,745	17,308,035
Non-movers	905,630	451,665	453,965	29,644,795	14,593,190	15,051,605
Movers	150,195	74,310	75,880	4,446,990	2,190,555	2,256,435
Non-migrants	89,005	43,990	45,015	2,623,515	1,292,750	1,330,760
Migrants	61,185	30,320	30,865	1,823,475	897,805	925,670
Internal migrants	49,930	24,855	25,075	1,451,005	713,060	737,945
Intraprovincial migrants	35,965	17,690	18,275	1,189,525	580,895	608,630
Interprovincial migrants	13,970	7,165	6,805	261,475	132,160	129,315
External migrants	11,255	5,465	5,790	372,475	184,745	187,730
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	998,200	496,505	501,695	32,568,560	16,004,315	16,564,245
Non-movers	602,890	300,715	302,175	20,134,760	9,902,645	10,232,115
Movers	395,310	195,790	199,520	12,433,805	6,101,675	6,332,130
Non-migrants	201,450	99,955	101,495	6,755,630	3,314,730	3,440,905
Migrants	193,860	95,835	98,025	5,678,175	2,786,945	2,891,230
Internal migrants	147,360	72,815	74,540	4,296,720	2,104,325	2,192,395
Intraprovincial migrants	98,780	47,825	50,950	3,467,670	1,689,950	1,777,720
Interprovincial migrants	48,585	24,995	23,590	829,045	414,375	414,670
External migrants	46,500	23,015	23,485	1,381,460	682,625	698,835

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

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Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 40 referrer

Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 41 referrer

Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Saskatchewan [Province] and Canada [Country] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 18, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Saskatchewan [Province] and Canada [Country]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Saskatchewan [Province] and Canada [Country]