Census Profile, 2016 Census
Saskatchewan [Province] and Manitoba [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Saskatchewan [Province]			Manitoba [Province]
	Data quality , Saskatchewan [Province] Map : Saskatchewan [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : Manitoba [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	1,098,352	...	...	1,278,365	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	1,033,381	...	...	1,208,268	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	6.3	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	495,582	...	...	539,748	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	432,622	...	...	489,050	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1.9	...	...	2.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	588,243.54	...	...	552,370.99	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	1,098,350	545,785	552,565	1,278,365	631,400	646,970
0 to 14 years	215,685	110,410	105,275	243,820	125,110	118,710
0 to 4 years	73,130	37,335	35,795	81,065	41,710	39,355
5 to 9 years	74,460	38,155	36,305	83,375	42,565	40,805
10 to 14 years	68,095	34,920	33,175	79,380	40,835	38,545
15 to 64 years	712,240	358,110	354,130	835,580	417,260	418,320
15 to 19 years	67,660	34,675	32,980	82,440	42,555	39,890
20 to 24 years	70,060	36,075	33,985	86,760	44,465	42,295
25 to 29 years	77,525	39,290	38,235	86,695	43,570	43,125
30 to 34 years	77,520	38,610	38,915	85,185	42,210	42,975
35 to 39 years	71,590	35,940	35,650	81,105	39,885	41,215
40 to 44 years	64,950	32,515	32,440	79,325	39,530	39,795
45 to 49 years	63,580	31,780	31,795	79,350	39,220	40,130
50 to 54 years	75,245	37,230	38,015	89,840	44,485	45,355
55 to 59 years	76,195	38,070	38,125	87,765	43,555	44,210
60 to 64 years	67,915	33,935	33,985	77,110	37,780	39,325
65 years and over	170,425	77,265	93,160	198,965	89,025	109,945
65 to 69 years	53,230	26,285	26,945	64,905	31,280	33,625
70 to 74 years	37,740	18,225	19,510	45,980	21,940	24,040
75 to 79 years	29,400	13,415	15,985	33,555	15,250	18,305
80 to 84 years	23,115	9,945	13,170	25,315	10,740	14,575
85 years and over	26,940	9,395	17,550	29,210	9,810	19,395
85 to 89 years	16,280	6,305	9,975	17,335	6,460	10,875
90 to 94 years	8,000	2,515	5,485	8,945	2,710	6,230
95 to 99 years	2,290	520	1,760	2,520	580	1,940
100 years and over	375	50	325	415	60	350
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.6	20.2	19.1	19.1	19.8	18.3
15 to 64 years	64.8	65.6	64.1	65.4	66.1	64.7
65 years and over	15.5	14.2	16.9	15.6	14.1	17.0
85 years and over	2.5	1.7	3.2	2.3	1.6	3.0
Average age of the population	39.1	38.2	40.0	39.2	38.2	40.2
Median age of the population	37.8	36.9	38.7	38.3	37.2	39.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	432,620	...	...	489,050	...	...
Single-detached house	314,340	...	...	331,420	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	10,520	...	...	39,080	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	98,435	...	...	108,120	...	...
Semi-detached house	12,705	...	...	15,865	...	...
Row house	18,535	...	...	17,225	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	9,385	...	...	7,065	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	57,115	...	...	67,205	...	...
Other single-attached house	700	...	...	755	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	9,325	...	...	10,435	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	432,625	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 person	121,175	...	...	135,500	...	...
2 persons	153,610	...	...	164,880	...	...
3 persons	60,240	...	...	71,065	...	...
4 persons	56,080	...	...	66,675	...	...
5 or more persons	41,520	...	...	50,930	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,070,560	...	...	1,240,700	...	...
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	882,670	435,375	447,290	1,034,545	506,280	528,260
Married or living common law	520,430	261,075	259,355	593,615	297,280	296,335
Married	437,875	219,800	218,075	503,390	252,210	251,175
Living common law	82,550	41,270	41,280	90,230	45,075	45,155
Not married and not living common law	362,240	174,310	187,930	440,925	209,000	231,930
Never married	242,070	133,750	108,325	300,415	162,440	137,980
Separated	19,795	8,945	10,855	24,845	11,080	13,765
Divorced	47,180	20,985	26,200	54,860	22,780	32,080
Widowed	53,190	10,635	42,555	60,805	12,700	48,100
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	302,260	...	...	346,160	...	...
2 persons	157,195	...	...	171,435	...	...
3 persons	58,770	...	...	71,630	...	...
4 persons	54,125	...	...	65,500	...	...
5 or more persons	32,170	...	...	37,600	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	302,260	...	...	346,160	...	...
Total couple families	252,765	...	...	287,200	...	...
Married couples	211,500	...	...	242,100	...	...
Common-law couples	41,265	...	...	45,100	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	49,495	...	...	58,960	...	...
Female parent	38,165	...	...	45,930	...	...
Male parent	11,330	...	...	13,025	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	252,770	...	...	287,205	...	...
Couples without children	129,085	...	...	137,135	...	...
Couples with children	123,685	...	...	150,070	...	...
1 child	45,495	...	...	55,730	...	...
2 children	49,035	...	...	59,965	...	...
3 or more children	29,150	...	...	34,375	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	49,490	...	...	58,960	...	...
1 child	28,110	...	...	34,305	...	...
2 children	13,280	...	...	15,895	...	...
3 or more children	8,105	...	...	8,765	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	187,765	95,550	92,210	212,415	104,435	107,980
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	432,620	...	...	489,050	...	...
One-census-family households	285,675	...	...	323,125	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	124,620	...	...	130,475	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	161,055	...	...	192,650	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	7,975	...	...	11,110	...	...
Non-census-family households	138,965	...	...	154,815	...	...
One-person households	121,175	...	...	135,495	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	17,795	...	...	19,315	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	1,083,240	539,100	544,130	1,261,620	624,095	637,520
English only	1,023,400	511,940	511,460	1,135,395	566,980	568,410
French only	535	255	280	1,485	680	800
English and French	51,360	23,290	28,065	108,460	49,205	59,255
Neither English nor French	7,945	3,620	4,325	16,285	7,235	9,050
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	1,083,240	539,105	544,135	1,261,620	624,100	637,520
English	1,060,225	528,155	532,075	1,203,025	596,475	606,550
French	13,555	6,590	6,960	39,200	18,880	20,325
English and French	1,770	890	885	3,545	1,755	1,790
Neither English nor French	7,685	3,475	4,220	15,840	6,985	8,860
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	14,435	7,035	7,405	40,975	19,760	21,215
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.3	1.3	1.4	3.2	3.2	3.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	1,083,240	539,105	544,135	1,261,620	624,095	637,520
Single responses	1,064,675	530,145	534,530	1,230,115	608,820	621,300
Official languages	907,715	452,955	454,760	941,130	468,430	472,705
English	892,615	445,635	446,985	900,610	448,960	451,645
French	15,100	7,320	7,775	40,520	19,465	21,055
Non-official languages	156,960	77,195	79,770	288,985	140,395	148,590
Aboriginal languages	28,340	13,685	14,660	29,710	14,265	15,440
Algonquian languages	19,965	9,640	10,325	28,070	13,505	14,565
Blackfoot	10	5	5	5	0	5
Cree-Montagnais languages	19,015	9,190	9,825	14,820	7,085	7,740
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Moose Cree	5	0	0	0	0	5
Naskapi	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	30	15	10	30	5	20
Plains Cree	2,080	975	1,105	70	25	40
Southern East Cree	5	5	5	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	250	115	135	745	305	440
Woods Cree	780	370	410	65	20	40
Cree, n.o.s.	15,860	7,710	8,155	13,915	6,725	7,195
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	5	10	5	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	5	0
Mi'kmaq	5	5	5	10	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	935	445	490	13,235	6,410	6,825
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	925	440	485	6,730	3,180	3,550
Oji-Cree	10	5	5	6,505	3,235	3,265
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	7,860	3,800	4,060	815	375	445
Northern Athabaskan languages	7,860	3,805	4,055	815	380	440
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	7,855	3,800	4,055	810	375	435
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	0	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	35	10	20	80	20	60
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	5	0	5	0	0
Inuktitut	20	10	15	65	20	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages	5	0	5	0	0	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	5	5	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	235	110	125	80	40	40
Salish languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	5	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	5
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	230	110	120	630	305	330
Dakota	195	85	105	630	305	325
Stoney	5	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	5	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	5	5	15	10	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	128,620	63,510	65,110	259,280	126,130	133,155
Afro-Asiatic languages	6,770	3,560	3,215	10,700	5,580	5,120
Berber languages	10	5	0	40	25	15
Kabyle	5	0	0	35	15	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	10	10	5
Cushitic languages	1,050	505	545	1,750	875	875
Bilen	55	25	30	155	85	70
Oromo	195	100	90	345	175	170
Somali	775	355	415	1,245	610	640
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	10	10	0
Semitic languages	5,685	3,035	2,650	8,840	4,640	4,200
Amharic	290	140	155	1,770	885	885
Arabic	4,040	2,200	1,840	4,695	2,500	2,190
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	305	160	145	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	150	75	75	0	0	0
Harari	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	75	45	30	545	320	225
Maltese	10	5	5	40	20	25
Tigrigna	680	340	340	1,770	905	865
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	130	65	60	10	5	5
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	5	65	35	30
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,560	1,250	1,305	4,180	1,970	2,205
Khmer (Cambodian)	135	70	70	280	135	145
Vietnamese	2,420	1,180	1,235	3,895	1,840	2,060
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	5	0	0
Austronesian languages	23,415	11,130	12,280	52,905	24,685	28,220
Bikol	85	40	40	175	80	95
Cebuano	1,545	685	855	1,245	565	675
Fijian	25	20	5	35	15	15
Hiligaynon	255	120	140	390	170	220
Ilocano	790	370	415	1,365	630	730
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	5
Malay	125	55	70	175	65	105
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	175	80	95	655	315	340
Pangasinan	40	15	25	135	65	70
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20,045	9,590	10,455	48,530	22,670	25,855
Waray-Waray	60	30	35	50	30	25
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	265	125	140	150	70	85
Creole languages	220	105	120	570	275	305
Haitian Creole	5	0	5	20	10	10
Creole, n.o.s.	150	70	80	290	140	145
Creole languages, n.i.e.	65	30	35	265	120	145
Dravidian languages	1,560	865	700	1,565	825	735
Kannada	60	35	30	95	50	40
Malayalam	850	455	395	790	410	380
Tamil	350	200	150	480	255	230
Telugu	285	165	120	195	115	80
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	10	0	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Indo-European languages	73,170	36,230	36,930	158,350	77,605	80,750
Albanian	380	190	190	350	170	180
Armenian	70	40	30	65	35	30
Balto-Slavic languages	18,460	8,490	9,970	34,450	15,845	18,605
Baltic languages	175	85	90	165	65	95
Latvian	100	45	50	80	35	45
Lithuanian	75	40	35	85	35	45
Slavic languages	18,285	8,400	9,885	34,280	15,775	18,510
Belarusan	0	0	0	40	20	25
Bosnian	225	110	120	575	285	290
Bulgarian	65	35	30	140	70	65
Croatian	455	240	220	1,030	505	530
Czech	235	115	125	615	310	310
Macedonian	55	30	30	145	70	75
Polish	1,865	850	1,015	6,455	2,905	3,545
Russian	3,045	1,460	1,580	9,130	4,495	4,640
Serbian	465	235	225	655	335	320
Serbo-Croatian	120	60	65	240	110	130
Slovak	115	60	55	405	175	225
Slovene (Slovenian)	80	40	45	270	130	140
Ukrainian	11,270	5,035	6,230	14,505	6,325	8,180
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	290	145	145	75	40	30
Celtic languages	60	30	30	115	60	55
Scottish Gaelic	10	5	5	50	25	20
Welsh	30	10	15	60	30	30
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	5	10	10	0
Germanic languages	24,455	11,710	12,745	68,670	33,310	35,360
Afrikaans	880	450	430	420	220	205
Danish	255	145	110	280	145	135
Dutch	1,385	685	700	2,675	1,335	1,335
Frisian	30	20	10	55	30	25
German	21,320	10,150	11,170	63,825	30,940	32,890
Icelandic	55	20	25	475	210	260
Norwegian	310	140	165	115	45	65
Swedish	150	60	90	135	70	70
Vlaams (Flemish)	60	25	35	310	125	180
Yiddish	25	10	10	355	175	180
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	25	10	10
Greek	935	490	445	1,285	665	615
Indo-Iranian languages	22,335	12,065	10,270	32,325	17,135	15,195
Indo-Aryan languages	19,995	10,780	9,210	29,520	15,700	13,820
Bengali	2,795	1,495	1,300	1,170	675	495
Gujarati	2,510	1,420	1,090	3,115	1,660	1,455
Hindi	1,545	880	665	2,270	1,215	1,060
Kashmiri	20	10	10	5	5	5
Konkani	35	15	10	35	20	15
Marathi	140	80	55	135	80	50
Nepali	770	400	370	720	355	365
Oriya (Odia)	25	10	10	10	5	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5,250	2,890	2,360	18,320	9,650	8,670
Sindhi	120	65	55	60	30	30
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	270	130	135	670	345	320
Urdu	6,520	3,380	3,135	3,015	1,655	1,355
Iranian languages	2,065	1,130	940	2,705	1,365	1,335
Kurdish	145	80	65	415	210	200
Pashto	555	315	235	275	130	150
Persian (Farsi)	1,370	735	635	2,020	1,030	990
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	275	155	120	100	60	40
Italic (Romance) languages	6,470	3,225	3,250	21,100	10,385	10,710
Catalan	5	0	0	0	0	5
Italian	705	365	340	3,840	1,910	1,930
Portuguese	615	265	350	6,585	3,190	3,390
Romanian	850	425	430	645	310	335
Spanish	4,290	2,165	2,125	10,005	4,965	5,040
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	15	5	10
Japanese	320	100	220	540	185	350
Kartvelian languages	5	5	5	15	10	10
Georgian	5	0	5	15	5	5
Korean	1,670	800	865	3,760	1,810	1,950
Mongolic languages	40	20	25	20	5	15
Mongolian	40	20	25	20	5	15
Niger-Congo languages	2,310	1,235	1,075	3,895	1,965	1,930
Akan (Twi)	190	115	75	150	90	65
Bamanankan	0	0	5	75	25	45
Edo	35	20	15	40	20	15
Ewe	50	30	20	30	20	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	25	15	5	65	35	30
Ga	20	15	5	15	10	5
Ganda	35	15	20	50	20	30
Igbo	215	125	90	280	155	130
Lingala	30	20	15	75	30	40
Rundi (Kirundi)	145	85	65	135	60	65
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	115	55	60	250	125	120
Shona	90	55	40	110	50	60
Swahili	425	220	205	870	420	455
Wolof	20	10	10	75	50	25
Yoruba	465	240	220	1,030	525	505
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	430	220	215	640	315	325
Nilo-Saharan languages	335	195	140	395	215	180
Dinka	115	70	45	175	90	80
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	220	120	100	225	125	100
Sign languages	200	100	100	440	230	210
American Sign Language	65	35	35	240	125	115
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	135	70	65	195	100	95
Sino-Tibetan languages	13,500	6,700	6,795	18,880	9,320	9,565
Chinese languages	12,460	6,165	6,290	18,305	9,025	9,280
Cantonese	3,775	1,830	1,950	6,625	3,140	3,485
Hakka	35	20	15	55	30	25
Mandarin	7,230	3,600	3,630	10,170	5,110	5,060
Min Dong	5	0	0	5	5	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	210	110	100	325	150	165
Wu (Shanghainese)	60	35	25	110	55	50
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,135	570	565	1,010	530	475
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,040	530	505	575	295	285
Burmese	180	115	65	85	50	30
Karenic languages	810	395	415	430	215	220
Tibetan	15	5	10	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	55	20	35
Tai-Kadai languages	525	235	290	1,120	525	595
Lao	345	175	170	875	445	430
Thai	180	55	125	240	85	165
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	5	0	0
Turkic languages	360	185	175	340	190	150
Azerbaijani	25	10	10	30	20	15
Turkish	290	155	130	210	120	95
Uyghur	5	0	5	10	5	10
Uzbek	30	5	15	40	25	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	40	25	20
Uralic languages	1,555	735	820	1,440	655	790
Estonian	20	10	10	30	10	15
Finnish	205	85	120	225	85	135
Hungarian	1,330	650	685	1,185	550	635
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	100	55	45	155	85	70
Multiple responses	18,560	8,955	9,605	31,505	15,280	16,220
English and French	2,045	985	1,060	4,365	2,140	2,230
English and non-official language	15,925	7,675	8,245	25,965	12,530	13,440
French and non-official language	315	150	165	695	380	315
English, French and non-official language	280	145	135	470	230	245
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	1,083,240	539,100	544,130	1,261,620	624,100	637,520
Single responses	1,049,130	522,390	526,740	1,197,145	593,020	604,120
Official languages	968,625	481,845	486,780	1,052,345	521,280	531,065
English	964,640	479,915	484,730	1,035,475	513,465	522,010
French	3,985	1,930	2,050	16,865	7,815	9,055
Non-official languages	80,505	40,540	39,960	144,800	71,740	73,060
Aboriginal languages	16,605	8,355	8,245	15,770	8,020	7,750
Algonquian languages	10,145	5,185	4,960	15,070	7,675	7,390
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10,000	5,105	4,895	7,570	3,860	3,715
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	10	5	0
Plains Cree	1,195	580	610	10	5	5
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	95	40	55	120	45	75
Woods Cree	180	100	85	15	10	5
Cree, n.o.s.	8,525	4,380	4,145	7,415	3,790	3,620
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	140	75	65	7,495	3,820	3,675
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	145	80	70	2,505	1,280	1,225
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	4,990	2,545	2,455
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	6,360	3,130	3,235	635	305	330
Northern Athabaskan languages	6,365	3,130	3,230	635	305	330
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	6,360	3,130	3,230	630	305	330
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	5	15	5	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	10	5	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	10	5	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	45	20	25	10	5	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	50	25	20	35	25	10
Dakota	35	15	10	35	25	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	63,905	32,185	31,720	129,035	63,725	65,310
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,625	2,340	2,290	6,875	3,475	3,400
Berber languages	0	0	0	20	15	5
Kabyle	5	0	0	15	10	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	5
Cushitic languages	720	335	380	1,185	550	630
Bilen	30	15	15	120	65	55
Oromo	140	75	70	210	95	115
Somali	530	245	290	845	385	460
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	5	10	0
Semitic languages	3,900	1,995	1,905	5,650	2,895	2,750
Amharic	150	75	70	1,045	520	525
Arabic	2,890	1,500	1,390	3,105	1,600	1,505
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	225	105	120	5	0	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	115	60	55	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	25	10	15	355	195	160
Maltese	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tigrigna	430	205	220	1,135	580	555
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	70	40	30	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	25	15	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,740	850	895	2,900	1,370	1,530
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	20	25	125	55	70
Vietnamese	1,700	830	865	2,775	1,315	1,460
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	12,515	6,210	6,300	27,215	13,065	14,155
Bikol	15	5	10	30	15	15
Cebuano	580	280	295	495	250	245
Fijian	0	0	0	15	5	10
Hiligaynon	110	60	50	125	55	75
Ilocano	240	115	120	390	190	200
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	35	20	15	55	25	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	70	35	35	245	120	130
Pangasinan	10	5	5	30	15	15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	11,345	5,630	5,715	25,790	12,375	13,420
Waray-Waray	15	5	5	10	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	95	50	45	30	15	15
Creole languages	95	35	65	290	120	165
Haitian Creole	0	0	5	10	5	5
Creole, n.o.s.	65	25	40	165	75	85
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35	10	20	115	45	75
Dravidian languages	845	440	410	800	400	400
Kannada	20	10	10	45	25	25
Malayalam	525	265	260	405	195	205
Tamil	155	90	65	240	120	120
Telugu	145	75	70	110	60	50
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	31,235	15,915	15,325	70,820	35,325	35,495
Albanian	205	100	100	155	80	75
Armenian	45	25	20	20	10	5
Balto-Slavic languages	5,170	2,560	2,610	11,685	5,670	6,015
Baltic languages	80	35	45	25	10	15
Latvian	40	20	20	15	5	5
Lithuanian	40	15	25	10	5	5
Slavic languages	5,090	2,525	2,560	11,660	5,660	6,000
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	5	0
Bosnian	85	45	40	285	145	140
Bulgarian	35	20	15	65	30	30
Croatian	170	85	85	320	145	180
Czech	30	20	15	115	55	60
Macedonian	35	15	15	85	35	45
Polish	480	220	255	2,010	910	1,105
Russian	1,725	875	840	5,530	2,780	2,745
Serbian	270	140	130	335	170	170
Serbo-Croatian	45	20	25	90	40	50
Slovak	30	15	15	70	35	35
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	55	20	30
Ukrainian	2,010	985	1,025	2,690	1,285	1,405
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	170	80	90	10	5	5
Celtic languages	10	5	5	20	15	10
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	5	5	0
Welsh	5	0	5	10	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	8,110	3,990	4,120	25,825	12,700	13,125
Afrikaans	530	275	250	200	100	100
Danish	10	5	0	10	5	5
Dutch	200	110	95	270	135	130
Frisian	5	0	0	10	5	5
German	7,290	3,565	3,725	24,795	12,185	12,615
Icelandic	0	0	0	35	15	20
Norwegian	10	5	10	10	5	5
Swedish	10	5	10	10	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	5	15	5	10
Yiddish	5	0	5	10	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	465	240	225
Greek	395	190	205	535	255	280
Indo-Iranian languages	14,385	7,560	6,825	22,810	11,920	10,890
Indo-Aryan languages	12,960	6,820	6,140	21,010	11,055	9,950
Bengali	1,915	980	930	690	390	305
Gujarati	1,585	865	720	2,100	1,095	1,005
Hindi	880	490	390	1,335	715	620
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	10	5	5	10	5	5
Marathi	55	30	30	40	25	20
Nepali	570	290	275	540	265	280
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,485	1,885	1,605	14,000	7,330	6,670
Sindhi	55	25	25	30	10	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	140	70	70	360	190	170
Urdu	4,265	2,180	2,080	1,895	1,035	860
Iranian languages	1,280	660	615	1,755	835	920
Kurdish	65	40	30	275	135	140
Pashto	345	185	160	165	70	95
Persian (Farsi)	865	435	430	1,315	635	685
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	150	80	65	50	25	20
Italic (Romance) languages	2,920	1,480	1,435	9,765	4,670	5,090
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	155	80	75	1,035	450	590
Portuguese	220	100	115	2,800	1,305	1,500
Romanian	315	165	150	235	110	125
Spanish	2,220	1,130	1,085	5,695	2,810	2,885
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0	0	0
Japanese	120	45	75	175	75	105
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	10	5	0
Georgian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Korean	1,180	590	595	2,915	1,430	1,490
Mongolic languages	25	10	10	5	0	5
Mongolian	25	10	10	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages	735	350	380	1,410	695	720
Akan (Twi)	55	30	25	45	30	20
Bamanankan	0	0	0	15	5	5
Edo	10	0	5	5	5	0
Ewe	5	5	5	5	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	10	10	35	15	15
Ga	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ganda	10	5	5	5	0	0
Igbo	40	15	20	75	40	35
Lingala	15	10	10	40	20	20
Rundi (Kirundi)	85	45	40	65	35	35
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	35	15	25	105	55	50
Shona	35	25	15	10	5	10
Swahili	200	90	110	500	240	265
Wolof	0	5	0	25	20	10
Yoruba	115	55	55	345	175	170
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	100	45	55	125	50	75
Nilo-Saharan languages	135	65	70	130	60	70
Dinka	65	30	30	80	35	45
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	70	35	40	55	30	25
Sign languages	285	175	105	560	310	255
American Sign Language	50	30	20	255	135	120
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	230	150	85	305	170	135
Sino-Tibetan languages	9,700	4,835	4,865	13,910	6,920	6,985
Chinese languages	8,925	4,450	4,475	13,445	6,685	6,765
Cantonese	2,400	1,140	1,265	4,455	2,105	2,350
Hakka	5	0	0	25	10	15
Mandarin	5,645	2,865	2,780	8,080	4,105	3,975
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	80	45	35	135	65	70
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	15	15	65	30	35
Chinese, n.o.s.	760	385	380	675	365	315
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	5	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	775	380	395	465	235	225
Burmese	115	65	55	55	30	25
Karenic languages	640	310	335	370	190	180
Tibetan	10	0	5	5	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	40	15	20
Tai-Kadai languages	190	85	105	535	250	280
Lao	125	60	60	430	210	220
Thai	70	25	45	105	40	65
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	195	100	95	135	70	65
Azerbaijani	5	5	5	10	5	10
Turkish	170	90	85	65	35	35
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	10	5	10	35	20	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	25	10	15
Uralic languages	240	125	120	305	140	165
Estonian	10	0	5	0	0	0
Finnish	15	10	5	35	15	15
Hungarian	215	110	105	270	125	145
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	40	25	20
Multiple responses	34,110	16,720	17,395	64,475	31,080	33,400
English and French	1,210	575	635	3,090	1,440	1,645
English and non-official language	32,250	15,810	16,435	60,090	28,995	31,090
French and non-official language	150	85	70	415	215	205
English, French and non-official language	495	250	250	885	420	455
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	1,083,235	539,100	544,130	1,261,615	624,095	637,520
None	983,935	490,490	493,450	1,079,050	535,990	543,065
English	41,920	21,045	20,875	76,350	37,795	38,550
French	9,340	4,085	5,255	20,200	9,130	11,075
Non-official language	46,495	22,705	23,785	83,315	39,860	43,455
Aboriginal	13,490	6,445	7,050	16,105	7,590	8,515
Non-Aboriginal	33,005	16,265	16,740	67,215	32,275	34,940
English and French	170	85	85	305	150	150
English and non-official language	860	440	420	1,610	815	790
French and non-official language	495	245	255	770	345	420
English, French and non-official language	20	5	10	20	5	10
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	857,270	424,245	433,025	1,001,305	491,590	509,715
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	822,620	407,715	414,905	954,035	467,790	486,250
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,299	46,117	31,978	34,188	40,379	29,220
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	822,745	407,730	415,015	954,205	467,820	486,390
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,570	40,492	29,564	30,465	35,150	26,561
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	750,515	378,290	372,225	859,545	431,145	428,400
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,883	45,587	29,314	32,592	39,229	26,692
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	550,165	236,760	313,405	701,840	309,530	392,310
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,340	4,200	5,870	4,268	1,890	5,434
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	636,955	331,975	304,970	722,785	374,850	347,935
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,612	44,551	30,027	33,677	39,365	28,679
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	857,300	424,265	433,030	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	822,545	407,840	414,705	953,960	467,575	486,385
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	49,409	58,791	40,184	43,767	51,068	36,747
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	822,655	407,855	414,800	954,175	467,605	486,565
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,933	47,453	34,523	35,957	41,013	31,097
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	750,475	378,445	372,035	859,575	431,035	428,540
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	48,491	58,779	38,026	42,776	50,803	34,704
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	549,500	236,590	312,910	701,830	308,940	392,890
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,734	7,322	8,045	7,099	6,411	7,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	636,950	331,745	305,205	722,785	374,535	348,250
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,853	55,728	37,207	42,551	49,417	35,168
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	857,295	424,260	433,030	1,001,310	491,580	509,725
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	302,780	173,250	129,525	350,580	201,335	149,245
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	55,368	62,070	48,579	50,026	54,580	44,818
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	64,855	72,366	54,808	59,523	65,410	51,581
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	89.5	92.8	84.8	88.0	91.7	83.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	73.2	76.8	68.0	73.6	77.4	68.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	10.5	7.2	15.2	12.0	8.3	16.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	857,270	424,245	433,025	1,001,310	491,585	509,720
Without total income	34,645	16,530	18,120	47,270	23,800	23,470
With total income	822,620	407,715	414,905	954,040	467,790	486,245
Percentage with total income	96.0	96.1	95.8	95.3	95.2	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	105,780	47,325	58,455	137,700	62,550	75,150
$10,000 to $19,999	118,380	46,195	72,180	150,320	58,320	91,995
$20,000 to $29,999	107,890	42,345	65,545	136,510	54,950	81,560
$30,000 to $39,999	95,605	41,315	54,295	123,685	55,805	67,885
$40,000 to $49,999	89,285	42,260	47,025	109,710	54,650	55,060
$50,000 to $59,999	70,395	36,950	33,450	80,625	45,170	35,460
$60,000 to $69,999	53,855	31,055	22,795	58,785	35,250	23,535
$70,000 to $79,999	41,930	25,290	16,645	43,365	26,465	16,895
$80,000 to $89,999	34,305	20,750	13,560	34,000	20,100	13,905
$90,000 to $99,999	26,165	16,100	10,060	21,980	13,545	8,440
$100,000 and over	79,030	58,125	20,905	57,355	40,985	16,370
$100,000 to $149,999	56,160	40,025	16,140	40,870	28,585	12,285
$150,000 and over	22,870	18,100	4,770	16,490	12,395	4,090
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	857,270	424,245	433,025	1,001,305	491,585	509,720
Without after-tax income	34,520	16,515	18,010	47,100	23,770	23,330
With after-tax income	822,745	407,730	415,015	954,205	467,820	486,390
Percentage with after-tax income	96.0	96.1	95.8	95.3	95.2	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	108,310	48,150	60,160	142,035	63,525	78,510
$10,000 to $19,999	123,690	48,420	75,275	161,865	63,410	98,460
$20,000 to $29,999	125,285	50,160	75,125	165,880	68,985	96,895
$30,000 to $39,999	119,460	54,365	65,100	153,680	73,335	80,350
$40,000 to $49,999	103,250	52,900	50,350	116,415	63,755	52,660
$50,000 to $59,999	73,855	42,315	31,540	78,105	46,940	31,160
$60,000 to $69,999	53,925	32,645	21,280	53,870	32,165	21,705
$70,000 to $79,999	38,615	23,385	15,235	31,690	19,680	12,010
$80,000 and over	76,345	55,395	20,950	50,655	36,025	14,630
$80,000 to $89,999	24,935	16,370	8,560	18,025	12,260	5,760
$90,000 to $99,999	16,260	11,815	4,445	10,325	7,305	3,015
$100,000 and over	35,155	27,210	7,945	22,305	16,460	5,850
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	857,270	424,245	433,025	1,001,305	491,590	509,720
Without employment income	220,320	92,270	128,055	278,525	116,740	161,775
With employment income	636,950	331,980	304,970	722,785	374,845	347,940
Percentage with employment income	74.3	78.3	70.4	72.2	76.3	68.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	82,210	38,805	43,410	90,045	42,675	47,375
$5,000 to $9,999	46,620	20,310	26,310	54,560	23,875	30,690
$10,000 to $19,999	77,480	33,900	43,575	94,460	41,920	52,535
$20,000 to $29,999	68,175	29,285	38,885	89,540	39,650	49,895
$30,000 to $39,999	66,120	29,825	36,295	88,340	41,905	46,440
$40,000 to $49,999	61,800	29,930	31,870	77,755	40,205	37,550
$50,000 to $59,999	51,075	27,565	23,510	58,900	34,355	24,550
$60,000 to $69,999	39,805	23,605	16,195	44,085	27,115	16,970
$70,000 to $79,999	32,265	20,015	12,255	34,450	21,375	13,075
$80,000 and over	111,405	78,745	32,665	90,650	61,780	28,865
$80,000 to $89,999	28,240	17,220	11,020	28,365	16,860	11,505
$90,000 to $99,999	21,415	13,645	7,770	17,635	11,355	6,275
$100,000 and over	61,750	47,885	13,870	44,650	33,560	11,095
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	432,625	...	...	489,050	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	75,412	...	...	68,147	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	65,784	...	...	59,093	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	121,175	...	...	135,495	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	38,188	...	...	35,846	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,099	...	...	31,538	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	311,450	...	...	353,550	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	94,530	...	...	84,532	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	81,696	...	...	72,688	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	432,620	...	...	489,050	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	93,942	...	...	85,373	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	77,837	...	...	70,154	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	121,040	...	...	135,440	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	48,880	...	...	44,208	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	40,555	...	...	36,503	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	311,580	...	...	353,605	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	111,447	...	...	101,140	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	92,320	...	...	83,044	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	432,625	...	...	489,050	...	...
Under $5,000	6,930	...	...	9,250	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	4,575	...	...	8,175	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	7,675	...	...	11,450	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	18,025	...	...	18,260	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	18,845	...	...	21,395	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	14,875	...	...	19,035	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	17,700	...	...	21,090	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	17,410	...	...	21,745	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	17,345	...	...	21,605	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	16,525	...	...	21,225	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	31,595	...	...	40,240	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	29,700	...	...	37,910	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	27,605	...	...	34,275	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	25,810	...	...	31,555	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	23,280	...	...	27,215	...	...
$100,000 and over	154,720	...	...	144,620	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	48,375	...	...	52,495	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	35,320	...	...	34,595	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	40,875	...	...	34,670	...	...
$200,000 and over	30,160	...	...	22,865	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	432,625	...	...	489,050	...	...
Under $5,000	7,355	...	...	9,725	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	4,680	...	...	8,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	7,860	...	...	11,860	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	18,625	...	...	19,325	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20,275	...	...	24,370	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	17,325	...	...	22,665	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20,700	...	...	25,915	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	20,990	...	...	26,725	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	20,395	...	...	25,965	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	19,790	...	...	25,290	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	37,680	...	...	48,610	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	35,255	...	...	44,280	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	32,575	...	...	38,890	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	28,995	...	...	32,370	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	25,545	...	...	26,890	...	...
$100,000 and over	114,570	...	...	97,850	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	47,890	...	...	46,355	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	29,680	...	...	24,795	...	...
$150,000 and over	36,995	...	...	26,705	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	299,345	...	...	341,205	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	93,747	...	...	84,441	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	81,065	...	...	72,563	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	122,845	...	...	127,580	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	87,865	...	...	79,103	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	75,765	...	...	67,596	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	124,285	...	...	150,585	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	119,530	...	...	104,902	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	101,656	...	...	89,307	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	44,110	...	...	52,215	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	50,749	...	...	49,922	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,776	...	...	46,048	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	299,455	...	...	341,235	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	111,031	...	...	101,410	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	91,825	...	...	83,132	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	123,045	...	...	127,710	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	104,889	...	...	95,583	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	86,074	...	...	77,743	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	124,275	...	...	150,695	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	135,718	...	...	122,176	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,601	...	...	99,399	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	44,125	...	...	52,130	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	62,208	...	...	60,006	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,678	...	...	52,307	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	161,805	82,400	79,405	175,270	86,935	88,335
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	35,875	40,000	32,247	32,927	35,568	30,818
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	32,415	35,306	29,777	29,429	31,130	28,062
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	161,560	82,510	79,050	174,945	86,380	88,565
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	45,756	49,739	41,598	40,853	43,332	38,434
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	38,229	40,766	35,581	33,961	35,291	32,663
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	1,070,555	533,385	537,175	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
In the bottom half of the distribution	506,055	243,040	263,010	687,930	332,640	355,290
In the bottom decile	111,770	55,530	56,245	151,750	74,825	76,930
In the second decile	104,900	46,610	58,285	135,485	62,035	73,450
In the third decile	94,035	44,535	49,500	135,395	64,805	70,590
In the fourth decile	96,045	47,015	49,030	132,755	65,185	67,575
In the fifth decile	99,300	49,350	49,950	132,540	65,790	66,750
In the top half of the distribution	564,505	290,345	274,160	552,770	281,805	270,965
In the sixth decile	104,200	52,705	51,495	127,575	64,305	63,265
In the seventh decile	109,400	55,670	53,725	123,505	62,770	60,735
In the eighth decile	115,215	59,255	55,965	116,805	59,460	57,350
In the ninth decile	121,965	62,875	59,085	104,820	53,835	50,980
In the top decile	113,730	59,840	53,885	80,070	41,435	38,640
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	1,014,605	505,225	509,380	1,175,720	581,585	594,135
0 to 17 years	230,205	117,925	112,275	260,905	134,075	126,830
0 to 5 years	79,345	40,700	38,645	85,935	44,240	41,695
18 to 64 years	631,280	316,125	315,155	737,035	365,965	371,070
65 years and over	153,120	71,180	81,950	177,780	81,540	96,235
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	130,220	60,375	69,845	180,880	85,185	95,690
0 to 17 years	41,010	20,960	20,050	57,185	29,390	27,790
0 to 5 years	15,420	7,850	7,575	21,325	10,970	10,355
18 to 64 years	67,080	31,315	35,765	98,920	46,630	52,285
65 years and over	22,130	8,100	14,025	24,785	9,165	15,615
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.8	12.0	13.7	15.4	14.6	16.1
0 to 17 years (%)	17.8	17.8	17.9	21.9	21.9	21.9
0 to 5 years (%)	19.4	19.3	19.6	24.8	24.8	24.8
18 to 64 years (%)	10.6	9.9	11.3	13.4	12.7	14.1
65 years and over (%)	14.5	11.4	17.1	13.9	11.2	16.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	59,440	29,890	29,545	115,965	56,255	59,705
0 to 17 years	17,870	9,140	8,735	33,260	17,040	16,220
0 to 5 years	7,005	3,540	3,465	12,310	6,325	5,985
18 to 64 years	38,775	19,470	19,305	73,655	35,895	37,760
65 years and over	2,795	1,280	1,510	9,045	3,325	5,725
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.9	5.9	5.8	9.9	9.7	10.0
0 to 17 years (%)	7.8	7.8	7.8	12.7	12.7	12.8
0 to 5 years (%)	8.8	8.7	9.0	14.3	14.3	14.4
18 to 64 years (%)	6.1	6.2	6.1	10.0	9.8	10.2
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.8	1.8	5.1	4.1	5.9
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	1,070,560	533,385	537,175	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Official languages	1,062,885	529,920	532,965	1,224,985	607,375	617,605
English	1,062,275	529,630	532,645	1,223,665	606,760	616,905
French	51,325	23,600	27,725	108,560	49,435	59,130
Non-official languages	187,450	91,805	95,645	340,250	165,150	175,100
Aboriginal languages	38,110	18,390	19,720	40,465	19,410	21,050
Algonquian languages	28,270	13,675	14,590	38,305	18,375	19,930
Blackfoot	10	10	0	10	0	10
Cree-Montagnais languages	27,065	13,115	13,950	20,975	10,025	10,955
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	10
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	40	30	15	85	25	55
Plains Cree	3,665	1,770	1,900	190	90	100
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	470	185	285	1,140	505	640
Woods Cree	1,260	570	695	130	65	65
Cree, n.o.s.	21,870	10,695	11,175	19,435	9,340	10,095
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Malecite	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,310	620	695	17,710	8,520	9,185
Algonquin	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ojibway	1,300	610	690	9,685	4,560	5,125
Oji-Cree	10	0	0	8,045	3,975	4,070
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	9,120	4,350	4,770	1,120	525	595
Northern Athabaskan languages	9,105	4,345	4,760	1,110	520	590
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	9,105	4,350	4,755	1,110	520	595
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	10	10	0
Haida	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	0	0	110	55	55
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	80	35	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10
Iroquoian languages	10	10	10	15	10	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	0	10	15	10	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	505	240	260	210	115	95
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	10	0	10
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	510	255	250	760	365	395
Dakota	415	205	210	760	360	400
Stoney	10	10	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	90	50	45	0	10	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	30	15	20	35	15	20
Non-Aboriginal languages	149,475	73,470	76,000	299,900	145,795	154,110
Afro-Asiatic languages	8,595	4,585	4,015	15,730	8,320	7,410
Berber languages	40	35	0	85	50	40
Kabyle	10	10	0	45	25	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	30	25	0	50	35	10
Cushitic languages	1,305	620	690	2,300	1,195	1,105
Bilen	85	40	45	210	120	85
Oromo	160	70	90	535	275	260
Somali	1,090	520	570	1,550	790	760
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	10
Semitic languages	7,500	4,075	3,425	13,685	7,300	6,390
Amharic	545	255	290	2,475	1,370	1,105
Arabic	5,605	3,165	2,435	6,650	3,590	3,055
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	505	240	265	15	0	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	195	95	100	10	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	10	0
Hebrew	470	245	230	3,370	1,735	1,635
Maltese	0	0	0	65	30	35
Tigrigna	705	350	355	2,225	1,175	1,050
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	245	120	125	15	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	70	35	30	155	80	80
Austro-Asiatic languages	3,315	1,685	1,635	5,230	2,545	2,685
Khmer (Cambodian)	210	105	105	335	185	150
Vietnamese	3,105	1,580	1,525	4,905	2,370	2,535
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	29,705	14,065	15,640	65,305	30,220	35,090
Bikol	90	30	55	225	100	125
Cebuano	2,115	945	1,170	1,615	805	810
Fijian	20	10	10	65	35	30
Hiligaynon	285	130	150	425	180	245
Ilocano	785	365	415	1,875	880	990
Malagasy	10	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	215	95	115	375	180	195
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	265	130	135	945	415	530
Pangasinan	45	25	20	205	100	110
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	28,655	13,575	15,080	64,165	29,640	34,520
Waray-Waray	35	25	10	115	55	55
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	300	145	155	200	80	120
Creole languages	495	230	270	1,310	605	705
Haitian Creole	10	0	0	25	10	15
Creole, n.o.s.	240	95	145	635	310	315
Creole languages, n.i.e.	250	125	120	680	305	375
Dravidian languages	2,190	1,205	980	1,840	945	895
Kannada	115	65	55	175	95	80
Malayalam	1,170	625	540	830	400	430
Tamil	635	345	290	655	330	325
Telugu	435	270	165	255	150	110
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	15	10	10
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	81,985	40,685	41,300	175,950	86,435	89,510
Albanian	560	275	285	390	195	195
Armenian	115	65	45	65	50	15
Balto-Slavic languages	20,395	9,470	10,925	39,530	18,780	20,745
Baltic languages	225	120	110	230	90	140
Latvian	135	60	70	115	45	70
Lithuanian	95	60	35	120	50	65
Slavic languages	20,265	9,400	10,860	39,360	18,720	20,640
Belarusan	20	0	15	65	25	45
Bosnian	325	155	165	835	405	430
Bulgarian	75	40	35	155	95	60
Croatian	605	355	250	1,595	765	825
Czech	300	155	150	735	335	395
Macedonian	65	35	35	140	75	60
Polish	2,185	1,040	1,145	7,655	3,625	4,035
Russian	5,275	2,585	2,690	13,455	6,715	6,740
Serbian	790	410	385	870	470	400
Serbo-Croatian	80	30	50	190	75	115
Slovak	125	85	40	480	215	260
Slovene (Slovenian)	105	50	50	275	100	175
Ukrainian	13,090	5,770	7,325	17,095	7,795	9,305
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	345	205	140	70	35	30
Celtic languages	165	105	65	225	125	100
Scottish Gaelic	55	35	25	90	65	25
Welsh	50	30	20	90	45	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	70	45	20	45	15	25
Germanic languages	21,275	10,435	10,840	68,285	33,250	35,035
Afrikaans	1,455	750	705	715	330	385
Danish	320	195	125	270	120	150
Dutch	1,510	720	790	3,120	1,555	1,565
Frisian	25	15	15	90	65	30
German	17,390	8,525	8,870	61,760	30,170	31,600
Icelandic	70	40	30	560	225	335
Norwegian	415	180	235	290	115	175
Swedish	230	95	130	270	125	150
Vlaams (Flemish)	80	25	50	270	120	155
Yiddish	75	35	30	545	235	315
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	265	135	125	2,490	1,285	1,205
Greek	1,470	725	745	2,010	1,015	1,000
Indo-Iranian languages	27,395	14,650	12,740	38,760	20,480	18,280
Indo-Aryan languages	25,355	13,530	11,825	35,830	18,990	16,835
Bengali	3,520	1,895	1,620	1,520	885	635
Gujarati	3,320	1,760	1,555	3,905	2,065	1,840
Hindi	8,040	4,480	3,560	12,900	6,900	6,000
Kashmiri	40	25	20	20	15	10
Konkani	40	30	15	40	30	10
Marathi	185	120	70	275	170	105
Nepali	835	435	400	600	285	315
Oriya (Odia)	25	15	10	15	10	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	8,300	4,635	3,665	22,900	12,035	10,865
Sindhi	180	105	75	150	85	65
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	355	205	150	920	500	420
Urdu	9,455	4,815	4,635	4,600	2,540	2,060
Iranian languages	2,285	1,240	1,040	3,035	1,525	1,515
Kurdish	145	90	60	600	295	305
Pashto	555	315	240	290	135	150
Persian (Farsi)	1,630	870	760	2,295	1,175	1,120
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	275	135	140	230	125	105
Italic (Romance) languages	12,660	6,085	6,570	34,360	16,630	17,735
Catalan	0	10	0	15	10	10
Italian	1,360	670	690	5,350	2,610	2,735
Portuguese	885	380	505	8,460	4,125	4,335
Romanian	1,105	525	575	785	395	390
Spanish	9,605	4,635	4,965	20,605	9,910	10,695
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	40	30	10	60	45	15
Japanese	1,205	540	665	1,160	550	605
Kartvelian languages	15	0	15	10	0	15
Georgian	15	0	10	15	0	15
Korean	1,930	850	1,080	4,240	2,100	2,145
Mongolic languages	55	20	30	55	20	35
Mongolian	60	25	30	55	20	30
Niger-Congo languages	4,125	2,245	1,885	7,970	4,125	3,845
Akan (Twi)	355	185	170	260	165	95
Bamanankan	0	0	10	160	95	65
Edo	20	0	20	95	60	30
Ewe	100	45	55	50	30	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	60	45	15	50	25	25
Ga	45	25	15	30	10	15
Ganda	20	10	10	230	110	120
Igbo	625	325	300	665	345	325
Lingala	140	70	65	655	315	345
Rundi (Kirundi)	280	150	130	205	105	105
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	125	65	55	305	155	155
Shona	150	90	55	250	110	140
Swahili	950	570	380	1,930	1,020	905
Wolof	40	25	15	150	85	70
Yoruba	965	470	495	2,630	1,330	1,295
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	815	480	335	1,440	765	680
Nilo-Saharan languages	300	150	145	410	225	185
Dinka	100	65	40	180	105	75
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	195	90	105	225	120	105
Sign languages	1,565	585	985	2,670	985	1,685
American Sign Language	650	215	435	1,710	625	1,090
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	915	365	545	975	365	610
Sino-Tibetan languages	14,580	7,115	7,470	21,130	10,490	10,650
Chinese languages	13,630	6,625	7,005	20,475	10,185	10,285
Cantonese	4,675	2,245	2,435	8,310	3,920	4,390
Hakka	30	10	20	50	30	20
Mandarin	8,995	4,335	4,660	12,825	6,460	6,365
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	260	125	135	480	230	250
Wu (Shanghainese)	45	20	30	185	95	85
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,245	620	630	1,115	600	510
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	960	495	460	675	310	370
Burmese	315	185	130	185	115	70
Karenic languages	635	310	325	465	200	265
Tibetan	30	15	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	70	25	40	145	60	80
Tai-Kadai languages	635	245	385	1,565	730	835
Lao	410	170	240	1,120	520	600
Thai	275	105	170	575	270	305
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Turkic languages	640	365	285	510	250	265
Azerbaijani	25	20	10	50	25	30
Turkish	530	310	220	365	180	185
Uyghur	0	0	0	30	15	10
Uzbek	60	25	35	40	20	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	45	15	30
Uralic languages	1,765	850	915	1,550	730	815
Estonian	20	15	10	45	20	25
Finnish	360	170	190	265	105	160
Hungarian	1,385	670	715	1,235	600	635
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	340	210	135	445	290	150
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	1,070,555	533,385	537,175	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	998,035	496,635	501,395	1,133,080	560,165	572,920
Canadian citizens aged under 18	237,720	121,535	116,185	266,225	136,640	129,585
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	760,310	375,105	385,210	866,855	423,520	443,335
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	72,525	36,750	35,780	107,620	54,280	53,340
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	1,070,560	533,385	537,170	1,240,700	614,445	626,255
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	945,810	470,790	475,025	996,860	494,285	502,570
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	112,490	55,800	56,690	227,465	111,095	116,365
Before 1981	16,650	8,190	8,465	50,025	23,340	26,680
1981 to 1990	5,545	2,670	2,875	20,205	10,190	10,010
1991 to 2000	9,315	4,645	4,665	23,040	11,165	11,875
2001 to 2010	33,045	16,410	16,635	70,985	35,305	35,680
2001 to 2005	8,670	4,165	4,505	22,570	11,195	11,370
2006 to 2010	24,370	12,245	12,130	48,415	24,110	24,305
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	47,935	23,880	24,055	63,210	31,095	32,120
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	12,255	6,800	5,455	16,375	9,055	7,320
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	112,495	55,795	56,695	227,470	111,100	116,370
Under 5 years	12,060	6,100	5,965	25,595	12,975	12,625
5 to 14 years	21,295	11,015	10,280	45,570	23,305	22,265
15 to 24 years	19,295	8,990	10,305	44,585	20,820	23,770
25 to 44 years	50,945	25,060	25,890	93,700	45,160	48,540
45 years and over	8,895	4,635	4,260	18,010	8,845	9,170
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	112,490	55,800	56,690	227,465	111,095	116,365
Americas	10,765	5,010	5,760	31,980	15,285	16,700
Brazil	185	65	120	435	170	265
Colombia	555	275	280	1,050	510	545
El Salvador	630	290	340	2,480	1,325	1,155
Guyana	155	75	85	1,135	515	620
Haiti	65	45	20	155	75	80
Jamaica	815	425	395	1,810	835	970
Mexico	1,330	665	665	6,655	3,330	3,320
Peru	165	60	100	235	85	150
Trinidad and Tobago	210	105	110	1,505	785	720
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	4,845	2,045	2,800	7,100	3,100	4,000
Other places of birth in Americas	1,805	955	845	9,425	4,550	4,875
Europe	23,640	11,900	11,740	56,705	27,815	28,890
Bosnia and Herzegovina	455	215	245	1,055	530	525
Croatia	445	280	165	975	445	535
France	215	90	125	795	425	365
Germany	2,575	1,280	1,295	10,390	5,215	5,175
Greece	605	325	280	820	445	375
Hungary	395	215	180	815	435	375
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	845	490	355	650	310	340
Italy	570	305	265	2,755	1,405	1,350
Netherlands	1,220	585	635	2,250	1,185	1,060
Poland	1,395	690	705	5,280	2,455	2,820
Portugal	220	105	120	4,380	2,170	2,210
Romania	695	335	360	720	345	375
Russian Federation	805	345	460	4,245	2,035	2,210
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	585	305	280	355	175	175
Ukraine	3,280	1,630	1,650	4,765	2,250	2,515
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	7,020	3,520	3,505	11,665	5,655	6,015
Other places of birth in Europe	2,320	1,195	1,125	4,790	2,325	2,470
Africa	10,285	5,360	4,925	17,975	9,495	8,485
Algeria	50	35	15	115	60	55
Egypt	435	230	205	980	525	455
Ethiopia	635	285	355	2,525	1,360	1,165
Kenya	425	225	200	935	470	465
Morocco	180	95	80	250	140	110
Nigeria	1,695	845	855	3,820	2,070	1,750
Somalia	635	335	300	755	350	415
South Africa, Republic of	1,775	920	855	975	465	505
Other places of birth in Africa	4,455	2,390	2,065	7,630	4,055	3,570
Asia	67,120	33,175	33,945	120,230	58,215	62,015
Afghanistan	515	230	285	615	285	330
Bangladesh	2,575	1,365	1,210	880	475	400
China^{Census data footnote 59}	7,485	3,445	4,035	9,250	4,460	4,790
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	765	370	400	1,460	715	735
India	9,630	5,190	4,435	21,990	11,395	10,595
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	785	465	325	1,180	655	530
Iraq	1,175	625	550	860	460	400
Japan	265	65	200	225	70	150
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	1,120	475	645	2,880	1,415	1,470
Lebanon	255	160	90	265	165	100
Pakistan	6,860	3,575	3,280	3,125	1,675	1,450
Philippines	26,860	12,655	14,210	61,950	28,800	33,150
Sri Lanka	440	235	205	1,015	515	505
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,155	610	550	805	390	410
Taiwan	180	80	100	215	110	110
Viet Nam	2,615	1,340	1,280	4,225	2,035	2,185
Other places of birth in Asia	4,425	2,290	2,140	9,285	4,590	4,695
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	675	350	325	575	290	280
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	47,935	23,880	24,055	63,210	31,095	32,115
Americas	2,320	1,090	1,230	4,130	1,840	2,290
Brazil	45	10	35	100	35	65
Colombia	115	55	65	185	70	120
Cuba	35	20	15	75	25	55
Haiti	10	10	0	15	10	0
Jamaica	405	230	180	340	175	165
Mexico	435	215	225	875	415	465
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	745	330	420	970	445	525
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	35	10	30	75	30	40
Other places of birth in Americas	490	220	270	1,490	640	850
Europe	4,855	2,405	2,455	5,155	2,650	2,505
France	50	15	45	135	70	75
Germany	190	105	80	580	310	265
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	525	315	205	135	80	60
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	100	50	50	160	85	70
Romania	95	35	60	70	30	35
Russian Federation	220	85	135	1,145	530	610
Ukraine	1,320	550	770	1,320	670	650
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	855	495	355	550	290	265
Other places of birth in Europe	1,505	755	750	1,060	590	470
Africa	4,405	2,315	2,085	7,860	4,120	3,735
Algeria	0	0	0	20	10	10
Cameroon	70	35	30	65	45	20
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	245	145	100	740	360	380
Côte d'Ivoire	15	15	0	95	35	60
Egypt	160	75	85	415	220	190
Eritrea	305	145	160	795	430	360
Ethiopia	190	110	85	810	425	380
Morocco	90	40	45	70	30	35
Nigeria	1,035	525	520	2,630	1,415	1,215
Somalia	300	170	125	385	160	215
South Africa, Republic of	550	285	265	225	110	120
Tunisia	85	45	40	65	45	20
Other places of birth in Africa	1,360	725	635	1,555	820	735
Asia	36,205	17,980	18,225	45,915	22,395	23,520
Afghanistan	125	45	85	60	35	25
Bangladesh	1,495	780	720	360	195	170
China^{Census data footnote 59}	3,345	1,595	1,750	3,390	1,635	1,760
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	75	35	40	185	105	80
India	6,150	3,315	2,840	10,915	5,675	5,240
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	330	180	150	425	230	195
Iraq	405	200	205	330	175	155
Israel	95	55	35	595	340	260
Japan	40	10	35	45	25	25
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	475	195	280	1,300	665	640
Lebanon	80	50	30	140	100	35
Nepal	235	145	90	210	70	140
Pakistan	3,460	1,780	1,680	1,535	800	735
Philippines	16,615	7,905	8,715	22,885	10,645	12,245
Saudi Arabia	125	90	30	325	145	180
Sri Lanka	145	85	60	250	140	115
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,105	585	520	635	325	310
Taiwan	60	30	30	20	0	10
Turkey	80	45	35	40	30	10
United Arab Emirates	85	55	30	110	55	55
Viet Nam	855	415	445	495	220	275
Other places of birth in Asia	815	395	420	1,650	785	870
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	150	90	60	150	80	70
Australia	85	55	30	80	25	60
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	65	30	30	65	55	15
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	1,070,560	533,385	537,175	1,240,695	614,440	626,260
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	127,720	64,125	63,595	249,625	123,035	126,585
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	129,250	62,550	66,705	197,530	97,135	100,395
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	813,580	406,710	406,870	793,545	394,265	399,280
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	96,750	48,140	48,610	180,810	89,380	91,425
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	66,930	34,420	32,510	119,845	60,680	59,165
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	26,475	17,690	8,790	44,415	27,435	16,980
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	40,455	16,735	23,725	75,430	33,250	42,185
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	16,835	6,740	10,095	39,875	17,355	22,525
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	12,625	6,810	5,820	20,550	11,155	9,395
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	350	170	185	540	195	345
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	1,070,555	533,385	537,175	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	175,020	84,730	90,290	223,310	108,495	114,815
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	172,810	83,750	89,055	220,470	107,145	113,330
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	114,570	55,275	59,290	130,510	62,955	67,550
Métis	57,880	28,325	29,550	89,355	43,895	45,465
Inuk (Inuit)	360	145	215	610	295	310
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	1,305	605	705	2,020	985	1,030
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	905	375	530	820	365	450
Non-Aboriginal identity	895,535	448,655	446,885	1,017,385	505,945	511,445
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	1,070,555	533,385	537,170	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	110,370	52,930	57,440	127,250	61,300	65,950
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	960,190	480,455	479,735	1,113,450	553,140	560,305
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	1,070,555	533,385	537,175	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	98,315	47,665	50,650	110,630	53,980	56,645
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	94,565	45,900	48,665	108,055	52,775	55,285
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	84,015	40,960	43,055	93,070	45,490	47,580
Métis single ancestry	10,465	4,905	5,560	14,835	7,210	7,625
Inuit single ancestry	85	40	50	155	75	80
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	3,750	1,765	1,985	2,570	1,205	1,365
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	3,640	1,705	1,935	2,495	1,160	1,335
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	70	30	40	50	30	15
Métis and Inuit ancestries	20	15	10	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	15	15	0	10	10	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	79,035	38,120	40,915	114,605	55,480	59,120
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	72,560	35,130	37,430	107,535	52,250	55,285
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	36,680	17,715	18,960	40,265	19,440	20,820
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	35,545	17,265	18,285	66,810	32,600	34,215
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	335	150	180	460	210	250
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	6,480	2,990	3,485	7,070	3,235	3,835
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	6,355	2,930	3,420	6,800	3,100	3,705
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	80	40	45	120	65	55
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	0	10	130	55	80
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30	15	15	10	10	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	893,205	447,595	445,610	1,015,465	504,980	510,485
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	1,070,560	533,385	537,170	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	115,875	58,810	57,065	216,850	108,315	108,530
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	29,960	16,065	13,895	42,060	22,200	19,855
Chinese	15,545	7,545	7,995	22,540	11,340	11,195
Black	14,925	7,845	7,085	30,335	15,790	14,550
Filipino	32,340	15,540	16,795	79,815	37,935	41,885
Latin American	4,195	2,095	2,095	9,895	4,840	5,050
Arab	4,300	2,385	1,915	5,030	2,705	2,325
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	5,745	2,940	2,800	8,565	4,155	4,410
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	2,065	1,100	965	2,695	1,420	1,270
Korean	1,875	795	1,085	4,375	2,195	2,180
Japanese	955	420	530	1,850	880	975
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	1,150	605	545	3,195	1,610	1,590
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	2,820	1,460	1,355	6,485	3,235	3,250
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	954,685	474,575	480,110	1,023,850	506,125	517,725
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	1,070,560	533,385	537,170	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
North American Aboriginal origins	177,355	85,790	91,565	225,230	109,465	115,770
First Nations (North American Indian)	130,880	63,405	67,475	142,820	69,305	73,510
Inuit	650	305	345	955	460	500
Métis	56,090	26,860	29,235	91,120	44,150	46,970
Other North American origins	230,620	115,250	115,370	247,670	123,075	124,600
Acadian	485	270	215	645	325	320
American	13,455	6,410	7,045	9,220	4,605	4,615
Canadian	220,960	110,550	110,410	240,835	119,610	121,225
New Brunswicker	10	10	0	10	0	10
Newfoundlander	130	65	60	215	130	90
Nova Scotian	25	10	20	20	15	0
Ontarian	20	20	10	20	20	0
Québécois	240	100	140	280	150	125
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	85	35	55	30	10	25
European origins	759,080	375,755	383,325	826,210	406,770	419,445
British Isles origins	427,735	210,345	217,390	421,515	206,840	214,675
Channel Islander	10	0	0	45	25	25
Cornish	35	15	20	85	45	40
English	253,205	123,490	129,715	245,960	119,975	125,985
Irish	155,725	74,480	81,245	156,145	74,290	81,850
Manx	250	120	130	200	100	100
Scottish	193,330	94,500	98,825	208,065	100,790	107,265
Welsh	17,790	8,510	9,280	17,760	8,575	9,180
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	16,095	7,900	8,190	19,610	9,260	10,355
French origins	125,810	60,920	64,890	148,810	72,060	76,750
Alsatian	10	10	10	20	15	15
Breton	25	10	15	120	40	75
Corsican	15	0	15	0	10	0
French	125,775	60,910	64,870	148,740	72,020	76,720
Western European origins (except French origins)	336,715	166,380	170,340	286,985	141,285	145,705
Austrian	17,565	8,670	8,895	12,325	6,190	6,135
Bavarian	50	45	0	15	10	0
Belgian	9,660	4,745	4,915	21,510	10,495	11,020
Dutch	36,230	17,500	18,730	55,525	27,375	28,150
Flemish	805	415	395	965	445	515
Frisian	70	35	35	140	75	55
German	296,385	146,600	149,780	220,735	108,650	112,080
Luxembourger	500	275	225	155	65	90
Swiss	4,710	2,370	2,340	5,475	2,660	2,810
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	35	25	15	140	65	75
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	115,995	56,380	59,615	80,295	38,580	41,720
Danish	11,530	5,605	5,935	7,895	3,850	4,050
Finnish	5,400	2,585	2,815	4,000	1,905	2,095
Icelandic	8,255	4,055	4,205	31,090	15,265	15,825
Norwegian	68,640	33,310	35,335	19,600	9,145	10,455
Swedish	32,815	15,630	17,185	22,470	10,530	11,945
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	3,530	1,735	1,790	2,540	1,260	1,285
Eastern European origins	243,055	119,620	123,435	287,695	141,310	146,380
Bulgarian	355	190	160	330	190	145
Byelorussian	290	150	140	885	430	455
Czech	4,960	2,545	2,415	4,590	2,165	2,425
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	2,765	1,270	1,495	2,155	1,120	1,040
Estonian	265	150	115	190	80	115
Hungarian	27,885	13,730	14,155	10,120	4,990	5,125
Latvian	535	265	265	1,365	655	715
Lithuanian	1,045	550	500	1,455	750	705
Moldovan	345	145	200	325	170	160
Polish	59,950	28,680	31,275	88,090	42,670	45,420
Romanian	12,730	6,215	6,515	5,835	2,790	3,045
Russian	39,395	19,620	19,775	58,225	28,625	29,605
Slovak	1,390	750	645	2,190	1,055	1,135
Ukrainian	143,700	70,670	73,025	180,055	88,615	91,445
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	255	115	135	895	415	480
Southern European origins	27,415	13,420	13,995	59,915	29,445	30,470
Albanian	605	310	290	415	220	195
Bosnian	515	260	260	1,030	505	520
Catalan	15	10	10	15	0	15
Croatian	2,570	1,295	1,275	2,930	1,430	1,500
Cypriot	45	35	10	45	25	15
Greek	2,880	1,475	1,400	4,130	2,070	2,060
Italian	11,310	5,585	5,725	23,210	11,675	11,530
Kosovar	30	25	10	45	20	25
Macedonian	110	45	65	225	120	110
Maltese	125	65	60	360	165	195
Montenegrin	85	40	40	40	10	30
Portuguese	1,885	850	1,035	14,540	7,215	7,320
Serbian	1,300	670	630	1,240	660	580
Sicilian	100	75	25	235	110	125
Slovenian	640	275	365	1,005	485	520
Spanish	5,670	2,615	3,050	12,625	5,680	6,945
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	1,065	535	525	1,060	540	525
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	35	0	30	65	40	30
Other European origins	3,885	2,075	1,805	10,950	5,550	5,400
Basque	50	40	10	100	65	35
Jewish	1,725	905	815	8,455	4,250	4,200
Roma (Gypsy)	165	85	80	155	70	85
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	200	95	105	185	100	85
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	1,755	965	790	2,130	1,090	1,040
Caribbean origins	3,810	2,005	1,805	10,805	5,355	5,450
Antiguan	0	0	0	60	20	40
Bahamian	15	10	0	60	35	25
Barbadian	110	45	60	740	390	350
Bermudan	20	20	0	40	30	15
Carib	10	0	10	65	30	40
Cuban	185	125	55	340	155	190
Dominican	115	75	45	275	145	135
Grenadian	60	25	30	160	85	80
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	110	75	40	235	90	150
Jamaican	2,250	1,200	1,050	4,585	2,250	2,335
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	55	15	40	70	25	45
St. Lucian	45	15	25	30	20	15
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	415	215	200	2,395	1,240	1,160
Vincentian/Grenadinian	30	20	0	190	90	105
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	355	135	225	1,465	705	760
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	190	90	100	665	360	305
Latin, Central and South American origins	6,695	3,295	3,400	23,115	11,555	11,565
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	300	150	150	650	330	320
Arawak	0	0	0	10	10	10
Argentinian	160	60	95	475	230	245
Belizean	55	35	15	200	105	100
Bolivian	45	30	15	300	160	140
Brazilian	305	150	155	830	375	455
Chilean	860	450	415	1,520	720	795
Colombian	705	335	370	1,400	680	715
Costa Rican	50	15	35	65	40	25
Ecuadorian	105	70	30	125	70	55
Guatemalan	270	135	140	505	240	260
Guyanese	185	110	75	1,485	770	715
Hispanic	125	75	50	425	210	220
Honduran	95	45	50	520	245	280
Maya	140	75	65	220	135	80
Mexican	2,125	1,060	1,065	8,790	4,440	4,350
Nicaraguan	140	50	90	370	200	170
Panamanian	15	0	10	50	10	40
Paraguayan	40	30	10	2,080	1,070	1,010
Peruvian	295	120	175	350	130	225
Salvadorean	765	350	415	2,735	1,425	1,315
Uruguayan	65	20	40	35	10	20
Venezuelan	55	30	30	240	95	150
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	320	165	160	1,045	525	520
African origins	16,170	8,480	7,690	28,860	14,980	13,885
Central and West African origins	4,440	2,355	2,090	8,665	4,585	4,085
Akan	115	80	40	35	10	25
Angolan	10	0	10	10	10	0
Ashanti	10	10	0	25	10	10
Beninese	0	0	0	55	45	0
Burkinabe	20	15	10	20	10	10
Cameroonian	205	90	110	145	80	70
Chadian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Congolese	530	290	240	1,575	785	790
Edo	40	20	15	130	85	45
Ewe	10	0	0	15	10	10
Gabonese	0	0	0	25	20	10
Gambian	40	20	15	10	0	10
Ghanaian	555	320	235	380	220	170
Guinean	25	20	10	70	20	50
Ibo	485	275	215	435	205	225
Ivorian	75	35	45	120	45	75
Liberian	85	25	60	80	20	55
Malian	30	15	15	140	85	55
Malinké	0	0	0	35	20	10
Nigerian	1,715	875	835	3,860	2,130	1,735
Peulh	0	0	0	25	15	15
Senegalese	20	15	10	115	70	40
Sierra Leonean	40	25	10	320	155	165
Togolese	55	35	20	115	60	55
Wolof	0	10	0	25	10	15
Yoruba	520	270	255	1,050	540	510
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	235	115	125	545	260	285
North African origins	2,190	1,210	980	3,690	1,980	1,705
Algerian	70	50	15	100	35	60
Berber	55	45	15	150	90	55
Coptic	40	15	20	85	45	40
Dinka	35	20	15	30	25	10
Egyptian	535	290	245	1,335	720	620
Libyan	205	115	85	360	175	185
Maure	0	0	0	100	70	30
Moroccan	220	110	115	350	190	160
Sudanese	935	515	420	1,075	580	500
Tunisian	105	60	50	130	65	60
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	40	30	10	75	40	35
Southern and East African origins	6,320	3,210	3,110	10,500	5,420	5,080
Afrikaner	60	35	30	65	40	30
Amhara	20	10	10	140	100	45
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	45	30	10	150	90	65
Burundian	300	155	145	235	110	125
Djiboutian	10	10	10	45	30	15
Eritrean	1,130	540	590	2,300	1,240	1,055
Ethiopian	675	335	345	2,900	1,505	1,395
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	190	95	95	335	165	170
Malagasy	10	0	10	25	15	10
Mauritian	205	90	110	245	125	115
Oromo	140	65	75	325	185	140
Rwandan	80	20	60	300	145	155
Seychellois	10	10	0	45	20	30
Somali	1,275	635	635	1,740	900	845
South African	1,295	680	615	730	310	420
Tanzanian	55	35	20	90	55	30
Tigrian	45	30	15	320	200	120
Ugandan	90	40	50	255	125	130
Zambian	190	90	100	200	95	110
Zimbabwean	260	170	90	310	150	160
Zulu	35	30	10	30	15	10
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	535	300	240	440	230	210
Other African origins	3,605	1,940	1,665	6,670	3,350	3,325
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	345	190	160	825	405	415
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	3,290	1,770	1,525	5,925	2,965	2,965
Asian origins	99,125	49,845	49,280	178,655	88,885	89,765
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	9,415	5,015	4,400	11,850	6,130	5,715
Afghan	780	390	385	1,010	485	530
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	1,175	645	530	1,755	975	785
Armenian	240	130	115	495	250	250
Assyrian	215	120	95	40	30	10
Azerbaijani	50	25	25	55	35	20
Georgian	35	20	10	110	60	45
Hazara	25	10	20	0	0	0
Iranian	1,345	740	600	1,885	1,015	870
Iraqi	1,290	690	605	925	480	450
Israeli	120	75	50	775	410	360
Jordanian	75	40	30	235	100	135
Kazakh	30	15	15	335	185	145
Kurd	200	110	90	305	145	160
Kuwaiti	10	0	0	40	20	25
Kyrgyz	30	10	20	45	30	20
Lebanese	1,360	660	700	1,375	700	675
Palestinian	120	60	55	620	340	275
Pashtun	175	100	75	65	25	40
Saudi Arabian	110	80	30	170	95	70
Syrian	1,365	740	625	1,115	535	580
Tajik	10	10	0	55	20	40
Tatar	60	25	35	310	155	155
Turk	860	450	405	655	315	340
Turkmen	20	10	10	10	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uzbek	70	15	50	70	45	20
Yemeni	45	20	20	100	45	55
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	265	130	130	305	145	155
South Asian origins	29,830	15,955	13,870	43,155	22,710	20,440
Bangladeshi	2,040	1,090	945	880	500	385
Bengali	600	350	250	200	115	85
Bhutanese	210	110	100	140	55	85
East Indian	18,695	10,090	8,600	34,470	18,110	16,355
Goan	45	25	15	50	30	30
Gujarati	195	105	95	220	120	100
Kashmiri	115	75	40	30	10	15
Nepali	565	320	245	500	250	250
Pakistani	6,255	3,220	3,035	3,370	1,795	1,575
Punjabi	1,425	790	635	3,830	1,995	1,840
Sinhalese	65	30	30	280	145	135
Sri Lankan	515	290	225	1,090	545	545
Tamil	120	65	55	245	145	105
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	1,075	545	530	725	415	305
East and Southeast Asian origins	60,010	28,955	31,060	124,100	60,175	63,925
Burmese	465	210	260	260	125	135
Cambodian (Khmer)	305	165	145	525	280	240
Chinese	19,075	9,300	9,780	30,150	14,980	15,170
Filipino	33,630	16,200	17,425	83,530	39,955	43,580
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	220	115	105	530	265	265
Japanese	1,220	530	690	2,675	1,305	1,365
Karen	585	290	290	455	195	255
Korean	2,025	870	1,155	4,545	2,300	2,240
Laotian	705	335	380	1,730	820	910
Malaysian	160	75	80	470	240	230
Mongolian	205	105	100	150	60	90
Singaporean	10	0	10	20	10	10
Taiwanese	265	115	155	150	90	60
Thai	420	170	250	750	335	420
Tibetan	50	35	25	15	10	10
Vietnamese	3,690	1,885	1,800	5,850	2,915	2,935
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	95	40	55	145	70	80
Other Asian origins	735	340	390	575	320	260
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	735	345	385	575	320	260
Oceania origins	1,430	760	665	1,525	740	785
Australian	890	505	385	910	415	495
New Zealander	265	140	125	315	170	140
Pacific Islands origins	310	140	170	345	180	165
Fijian	110	60	50	80	45	30
Hawaiian	25	10	10	60	30	30
Maori	45	0	35	55	30	25
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	25	15	10	95	45	45
Samoan	55	25	30	25	0	15
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	60	25	35	65	30	35
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	432,620	...	...	489,050	...	...
Owner	311,470	...	...	336,170	...	...
Renter	109,685	...	...	140,260	...	...
Band housing	11,470	...	...	12,620	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	432,620	...	...	489,050	...	...
Condominium	41,960	...	...	33,325	...	...
Not condominium	390,660	...	...	455,725	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	432,625	...	...	489,050	...	...
No bedrooms	1,290	...	...	3,745	...	...
1 bedroom	40,600	...	...	63,040	...	...
2 bedrooms	97,340	...	...	121,520	...	...
3 bedrooms	148,060	...	...	175,500	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	145,330	...	...	125,240	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	432,620	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	92,375	...	...	132,410	...	...
5 rooms	67,645	...	...	82,935	...	...
6 rooms	64,215	...	...	78,750	...	...
7 rooms	57,945	...	...	64,560	...	...
8 or more rooms	150,440	...	...	130,400	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	432,625	...	...	489,050	...	...
One person or fewer per room	422,915	...	...	473,625	...	...
More than 1 person per room	9,705	...	...	15,420	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	432,620	...	...	489,050	...	...
Suitable	412,220	...	...	456,365	...	...
Not suitable	20,410	...	...	32,680	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	432,620	...	...	489,050	...	...
1960 or before	101,805	...	...	142,200	...	...
1961 to 1980	150,440	...	...	158,180	...	...
1981 to 1990	62,270	...	...	65,190	...	...
1991 to 2000	33,495	...	...	42,740	...	...
2001 to 2005	17,905	...	...	20,815	...	...
2006 to 2010	28,610	...	...	27,880	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	38,095	...	...	32,035	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	432,625	...	...	489,050	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	395,105	...	...	444,995	...	...
Major repairs needed	37,520	...	...	44,055	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	432,620	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 household maintainer	261,245	...	...	290,830	...	...
2 household maintainers	162,550	...	...	187,775	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	8,825	...	...	10,445	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	432,625	...	...	489,050	...	...
15 to 24 years	18,235	...	...	17,240	...	...
25 to 34 years	72,225	...	...	74,950	...	...
35 to 44 years	73,675	...	...	84,800	...	...
45 to 54 years	77,920	...	...	95,135	...	...
55 to 64 years	84,110	...	...	96,255	...	...
65 to 74 years	56,280	...	...	67,475	...	...
75 to 84 years	34,845	...	...	37,760	...	...
85 years and over	15,340	...	...	15,440	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	396,790	...	...	461,870	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	316,505	...	...	373,860	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	80,295	...	...	88,010	...	...
30% to less than 100%	70,690	...	...	76,075	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	289,805	...	...	324,120	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	57.9	...	...	60.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	12.1	...	...	11.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,001	...	...	973	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,178	...	...	1,085	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	299,606	...	...	275,473	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	318,917	...	...	297,444	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	107,535	...	...	138,905	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	21.4	...	...	19.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	42.1	...	...	36.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	965	...	...	868	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,021	...	...	891	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	857,295	424,265	433,035	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
No certificate, diploma or degree	177,210	96,680	80,530	220,390	116,570	103,820
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	261,210	133,730	127,480	296,355	147,040	149,320
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	418,880	193,855	225,025	484,555	227,975	256,585
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	89,440	64,100	25,340	77,000	54,090	22,910
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	38,045	21,495	16,550	37,490	21,985	15,500
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	51,395	42,605	8,790	39,515	32,110	7,410
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	146,770	51,240	95,530	177,620	72,785	104,840
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,195	10,790	17,405	28,940	12,075	16,860
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	154,480	67,730	86,745	200,990	89,020	111,970
Bachelor's degree	112,760	47,490	65,270	143,780	61,350	82,430
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	7,635	3,400	4,235	16,040	6,675	9,365
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,830	2,580	2,245	6,105	3,515	2,595
Master's degree	24,375	11,095	13,275	29,305	13,830	15,470
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	4,880	3,155	1,725	5,765	3,645	2,115
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	566,245	282,510	283,735	654,670	323,300	331,370
No certificate, diploma or degree	69,200	42,050	27,150	94,310	54,700	39,610
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	168,035	88,530	79,505	182,335	93,000	89,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	329,005	151,930	177,075	378,030	175,595	202,435
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	66,955	48,885	18,075	53,800	38,185	15,620
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	27,765	16,095	11,670	25,955	15,460	10,490
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	39,190	32,785	6,400	27,850	22,725	5,125
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	115,085	41,085	74,000	137,930	57,445	80,485
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	19,380	7,775	11,605	21,215	8,995	12,220
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	127,585	54,190	73,395	165,085	70,970	94,115
Bachelor's degree	92,905	38,180	54,730	119,150	50,120	69,035
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	5,890	2,525	3,365	12,185	4,840	7,350
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,065	1,995	2,070	5,075	2,705	2,370
Master's degree	20,975	9,170	11,805	24,410	10,815	13,595
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	3,750	2,320	1,435	4,270	2,495	1,770
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	857,295	424,265	433,030	1,001,305	491,585	509,725
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	438,420	230,405	208,005	516,750	263,605	253,140
Education	40,995	10,635	30,355	44,855	11,705	33,145
13. Education	40,990	10,635	30,350	44,855	11,710	33,145
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	8,870	4,150	4,720	13,170	6,230	6,940
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,015	1,455	560	2,415	1,860	550
50. Visual and performing arts	6,850	2,690	4,160	10,755	4,365	6,390
Humanities	15,400	6,905	8,495	23,030	9,915	13,110
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,030	260	770	1,775	400	1,380
23. English language and literature/letters	3,180	990	2,190	3,905	1,110	2,795
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,105	1,185	1,920	7,065	2,820	4,240
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	35	0	30	60	25	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,180	695	480	1,590	940	650
39. Theology and religious vocations	4,700	2,645	2,050	4,510	2,590	1,925
54. History	1,760	1,000	760	3,410	1,855	1,555
55. French language and literature/letters	425	120	300	705	175	530
Social and behavioural sciences and law	30,500	10,015	20,485	46,555	15,805	30,750
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	750	185	565	880	220	660
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,060	905	1,160	3,115	1,225	1,890
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,805	425	6,380	10,760	795	9,965
22. Legal professions and studies	5,410	1,930	3,480	7,130	2,365	4,760
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	465	155	310	955	305	650
42. Psychology	5,555	1,480	4,075	8,155	2,385	5,770
45. Social sciences	9,455	4,940	4,510	15,565	8,510	7,055
Business, management and public administration	85,800	25,105	60,695	95,115	34,865	60,255
30.16 Accounting and computer science	240	50	190	320	105	210
44. Public administration and social service professions	8,250	1,710	6,545	7,670	1,875	5,790
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	77,310	23,350	53,960	87,125	32,875	54,250
Physical and life sciences and technologies	11,455	5,905	5,550	16,120	8,165	7,950
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	5,675	2,515	3,160	6,625	2,990	3,640
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,395	725	670	4,325	2,285	2,040
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	105	25	80	470	70	395
40. Physical sciences	3,240	2,265	970	3,685	2,585	1,095
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,045	375	670	1,020	240	780
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	11,695	7,040	4,655	18,425	11,380	7,050
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	9,390	6,135	3,250	15,225	10,050	5,175
25. Library science	990	85	905	1,140	175	965
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,145	700	445	1,945	1,080	865
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	170	110	55	120	75	40
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	93,145	86,660	6,485	96,625	89,275	7,350
04. Architecture and related services	1,520	960	560	2,420	1,380	1,040
14. Engineering	14,090	11,790	2,300	16,205	13,530	2,675
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	13,790	12,290	1,505	17,815	15,975	1,845
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	24,650	23,840	810	22,160	21,705	450
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	26,325	25,535	790	27,485	26,650	830
48. Precision production	12,765	12,240	525	10,530	10,030	505
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	16,655	12,040	4,615	14,540	10,260	4,275
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	13,585	9,885	3,705	11,380	8,280	3,100
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,075	2,160	910	3,160	1,980	1,180
Health and related fields	74,750	12,215	62,530	87,795	16,505	71,290
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	4,340	2,030	2,315	4,105	1,945	2,155
51. Health professions and related programs	69,090	9,460	59,630	81,865	13,450	68,415
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,315	725	590	1,825	1,110	715
Personal, protective and transportation services	29,585	13,165	16,420	28,275	13,845	14,435
12. Personal and culinary services	18,450	3,845	14,605	16,750	4,095	12,655
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	10	90	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	175	160	20	240	230	10
43. Security and protective services	5,070	3,705	1,360	5,005	3,680	1,330
49. Transportation and materials moving	5,880	5,450	430	6,185	5,750	435
Other	40	20	20	60	30	35
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	40	20	20	60	25	35
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	566,245	282,510	283,730	654,670	323,300	331,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	237,235	130,580	106,660	276,645	147,710	128,935
Education	28,195	6,885	21,310	31,645	7,860	23,785
13. Education	28,195	6,885	21,310	31,650	7,865	23,785
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	7,175	3,350	3,825	10,350	4,875	5,475
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,550	1,100	450	1,815	1,335	480
50. Visual and performing arts	5,630	2,250	3,380	8,540	3,545	4,990
Humanities	11,760	5,110	6,650	17,250	7,370	9,880
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	825	205	620	1,485	330	1,155
23. English language and literature/letters	2,470	745	1,735	2,930	810	2,120
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,515	910	1,605	5,420	2,245	3,180
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	30	10	25	55	30	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	920	540	380	1,230	715	515
39. Theology and religious vocations	3,345	1,905	1,435	3,255	1,835	1,420
54. History	1,365	725	640	2,365	1,275	1,090
55. French language and literature/letters	285	75	205	505	135	370
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25,830	8,205	17,625	38,120	12,380	25,740
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	670	165	505	740	185	555
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,870	800	1,065	2,575	965	1,610
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	5,680	350	5,330	8,805	605	8,195
22. Legal professions and studies	4,735	1,550	3,185	6,085	1,795	4,285
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	370	120	250	815	265	550
42. Psychology	4,335	1,055	3,280	6,370	1,720	4,645
45. Social sciences	8,175	4,160	4,010	12,730	6,835	5,895
Business, management and public administration	69,300	20,470	48,835	76,370	27,865	48,495
30.16 Accounting and computer science	195	35	165	270	95	175
44. Public administration and social service professions	6,795	1,230	5,570	6,145	1,335	4,810
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	62,310	19,205	43,105	69,950	26,440	43,510
Physical and life sciences and technologies	8,985	4,575	4,405	12,195	5,930	6,270
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	4,490	1,995	2,495	5,290	2,265	3,025
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,085	530	550	3,005	1,595	1,405
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	95	25	70	405	65	345
40. Physical sciences	2,545	1,700	845	2,805	1,855	950
41. Science technologies/technicians	770	320	450	690	150	545
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10,235	6,210	4,030	15,955	9,965	5,985
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	8,590	5,615	2,970	13,600	9,015	4,585
25. Library science	730	60	670	790	135	650
27. Mathematics and statistics	760	430	335	1,465	760	700
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	160	105	55	100	60	45
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	72,720	67,225	5,500	73,680	67,440	6,240
04. Architecture and related services	1,215	745	470	2,025	1,160	865
14. Engineering	11,685	9,635	2,045	13,705	11,305	2,405
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	11,195	9,865	1,330	13,840	12,265	1,575
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	18,905	18,275	630	16,060	15,690	365
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	19,855	19,240	620	20,395	19,765	625
48. Precision production	9,865	9,460	410	7,655	7,250	405
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	13,365	9,360	4,005	11,450	7,800	3,645
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	10,720	7,545	3,175	8,760	6,170	2,590
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,645	1,815	835	2,695	1,635	1,060
Health and related fields	57,985	9,720	48,265	69,600	13,415	56,185
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	3,520	1,635	1,890	3,310	1,585	1,715
51. Health professions and related programs	53,345	7,510	45,835	64,870	11,020	53,850
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,120	580	545	1,430	810	620
Personal, protective and transportation services	23,415	10,820	12,600	21,365	10,660	10,705
12. Personal and culinary services	14,320	3,175	11,155	12,255	2,980	9,275
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	90	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	100	95	0	110	105	0
43. Security and protective services	4,055	2,955	1,105	4,025	2,945	1,080
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,935	4,590	340	4,885	4,545	340
Other	35	15	20	50	30	25
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	35	10	20	50	25	25
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	857,300	424,265	433,035	1,001,305	491,585	509,725
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	438,415	230,410	208,005	516,750	263,610	253,145
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	418,880	193,855	225,025	484,555	227,975	256,585
Location of study inside Canada	366,620	167,715	198,905	403,775	188,230	215,540
Same as province or territory of residence	293,455	130,990	162,465	352,390	162,050	190,340
Different than province or territory of residence	73,165	36,725	36,445	51,385	26,185	25,200
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	52,260	26,140	26,120	80,785	39,745	41,040
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	7,230	3,670	3,560	9,155	4,910	4,245
Philippines	13,980	6,230	7,750	26,450	11,595	14,860
India	6,215	3,280	2,930	10,365	5,300	5,070
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	3,250	1,830	1,420	4,180	2,350	1,825
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,730	1,295	1,435	2,865	1,330	1,535
France	220	125	95	395	235	165
Other	18,630	9,705	8,925	27,375	14,030	13,345
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	566,245	282,510	283,735	654,670	323,300	331,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	237,235	130,580	106,660	276,640	147,705	128,935
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	329,010	151,930	177,075	378,035	175,595	202,440
Location of study inside Canada	283,450	129,445	154,005	309,655	142,710	166,950
Same as province or territory of residence	225,420	100,405	125,010	270,435	123,090	147,340
Different than province or territory of residence	58,035	29,035	28,995	39,225	19,615	19,610
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	45,560	22,490	23,070	68,375	32,885	35,485
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	5,210	2,495	2,715	6,215	3,005	3,210
Philippines	13,335	5,950	7,385	24,495	10,775	13,720
India	5,560	2,935	2,625	9,430	4,770	4,660
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	2,180	1,275	905	2,465	1,385	1,080
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,520	1,180	1,345	2,630	1,210	1,420
France	200	115	85	340	195	145
Other	16,555	8,540	8,015	22,805	11,555	11,255
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	857,295	424,260	433,035	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
In the labour force	585,540	311,110	274,430	662,155	347,685	314,465
Employed	544,095	286,330	257,760	617,465	322,130	295,335
Unemployed	41,445	24,775	16,665	44,690	25,560	19,130
Not in the labour force	271,760	113,155	158,605	339,155	143,895	195,260
Participation rate	68.3	73.3	63.4	66.1	70.7	61.7
Employment rate	63.5	67.5	59.5	61.7	65.5	57.9
Unemployment rate	7.1	8.0	6.1	6.7	7.4	6.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	857,295	424,260	433,030	1,001,310	491,585	509,725
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	242,835	100,140	142,695	312,495	131,600	180,900
Worked	614,460	324,130	290,335	688,810	359,980	328,830
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	313,945	180,260	133,690	358,800	206,460	152,330
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	300,515	143,870	156,650	330,010	153,520	176,495
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.6	43.1	41.9	42.9	43.5	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	585,535	311,110	274,425	662,155	347,685	314,465
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	10,230	5,205	5,020	12,625	6,125	6,505
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	575,310	305,900	269,405	649,530	341,560	307,965
Employee	490,180	250,460	239,710	580,885	296,560	284,325
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	85,130	55,440	29,695	68,645	45,000	23,640
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	585,535	311,105	274,430	662,155	347,690	314,470
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	10,225	5,205	5,020	12,625	6,125	6,505
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	575,310	305,905	269,410	649,525	341,565	307,965
0 Management occupations	81,060	54,030	27,035	71,455	45,945	25,510
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	80,640	20,280	60,355	96,050	27,530	68,515
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	28,325	21,685	6,640	34,135	26,895	7,240
3 Health occupations	41,675	6,510	35,170	52,280	10,830	41,450
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	64,685	19,715	44,970	86,055	27,425	58,630
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	10,760	4,025	6,735	14,355	6,025	8,325
6 Sales and service occupations	124,090	50,165	73,920	144,490	62,735	81,760
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	99,755	93,540	6,215	102,660	97,500	5,160
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	28,155	22,590	5,565	18,400	14,490	3,910
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	16,165	13,370	2,800	29,650	22,180	7,475
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	585,540	311,105	274,430	662,155	347,685	314,465
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	10,225	5,200	5,020	12,625	6,120	6,500
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	575,310	305,905	269,410	649,525	341,560	307,965
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	51,255	36,820	14,440	28,680	20,765	7,920
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	23,070	20,040	3,025	5,460	4,830	635
22 Utilities	5,395	3,780	1,610	7,390	5,625	1,765
23 Construction	49,310	43,460	5,850	49,575	43,990	5,585
31-33 Manufacturing	26,710	21,000	5,710	54,645	40,800	13,845
41 Wholesale trade	20,480	15,325	5,155	21,890	16,040	5,850
44-45 Retail trade	63,360	30,185	33,180	69,700	33,960	35,740
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	24,755	19,385	5,370	35,490	28,350	7,145
51 Information and cultural industries	10,005	5,055	4,950	10,875	6,085	4,790
52 Finance and insurance	20,155	6,495	13,655	25,885	9,615	16,270
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	7,650	4,425	3,220	8,235	4,565	3,670
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	25,250	12,985	12,265	28,470	14,790	13,680
55 Management of companies and enterprises	1,340	680	660	635	250	380
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	16,395	9,660	6,735	22,285	13,105	9,170
61 Educational services	45,360	13,670	31,690	55,025	17,480	37,540
62 Health care and social assistance	72,625	11,285	61,335	93,960	18,345	75,615
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	10,545	5,120	5,425	12,980	6,620	6,360
72 Accommodation and food services	37,785	14,295	23,490	43,655	17,430	26,230
81 Other services (except public administration)	25,680	12,590	13,090	28,055	13,740	14,315
91 Public administration	38,180	19,640	18,535	46,645	25,180	21,465
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	544,095	286,330	257,760	617,465	322,125	295,335
Worked at home	59,385	34,110	25,275	42,530	23,485	19,050
Worked outside Canada	840	550	295	1,935	1,305	630
No fixed workplace address	68,510	54,860	13,650	68,420	52,715	15,710
Worked at usual place	415,355	196,815	218,545	504,580	244,620	259,960
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	415,355	196,815	218,540	504,580	244,620	259,960
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	288,875	131,440	157,430	384,465	181,650	202,820
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	89,420	45,175	44,250	50,350	23,760	26,580
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	28,040	15,365	12,675	66,495	37,055	29,435
Commute to a different province or territory	9,015	4,830	4,185	3,275	2,150	1,120
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	483,865	251,675	232,190	573,005	297,335	275,665
Car, truck, van - as a driver	402,405	216,695	185,705	431,755	237,860	193,895
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	27,960	10,265	17,695	40,595	14,520	26,070
Public transit	13,825	5,380	8,445	53,740	21,780	31,955
Walked	27,120	11,505	15,615	32,330	13,815	18,520
Bicycle	5,475	3,415	2,065	8,175	5,670	2,505
Other method	7,075	4,410	2,665	6,410	3,695	2,715
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	483,865	251,675	232,190	573,000	297,340	275,665
Less than 15 minutes	212,525	101,290	111,235	185,120	87,795	97,320
15 to 29 minutes	179,160	95,105	84,055	208,570	108,680	99,890
30 to 44 minutes	53,345	30,035	23,310	115,090	63,555	51,535
45 to 59 minutes	17,630	10,285	7,345	36,755	20,485	16,270
60 minutes and over	21,205	14,960	6,245	27,470	16,820	10,650
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	483,865	251,675	232,190	573,000	297,335	275,665
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	29,630	21,835	7,800	28,060	20,145	7,915
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	88,420	56,715	31,705	104,545	65,630	38,925
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	158,875	83,520	75,355	168,760	90,125	78,630
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	101,065	40,385	60,680	126,090	50,885	75,200
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	41,740	16,680	25,065	53,120	22,305	30,810
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	64,140	32,540	31,600	92,430	48,240	44,190
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	633,325	332,450	300,875	710,830	370,255	340,575
Single responses	630,465	331,130	299,335	702,445	366,000	336,445
Official languages	626,545	329,115	297,435	694,855	361,770	333,090
English	624,555	328,520	296,030	688,400	359,660	328,730
French	1,995	590	1,405	6,455	2,100	4,355
Non-official languages	3,920	2,020	1,895	7,590	4,235	3,360
Aboriginal languages	1,540	775	770	1,815	1,025	800
Algonquian languages	915	485	435	1,755	990	755
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	905	470	430	985	565	420
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	95	55	40	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	40	25	20	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	770	395	375	980	565	415
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	10	10	770	430	335
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	15	10	0	230	125	110
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	535	310	230
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	620	290	340	55	25	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	625	285	340	60	25	30
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	625	285	335	55	30	30
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	10	0	0	10	0	0
Dakota	0	10	0	0	10	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,375	1,245	1,130	5,770	3,215	2,560
Afro-Asiatic languages	115	100	20	300	155	145
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	0	10	30	10	20
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	0	10	30	10	20
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	110	95	10	270	145	125
Amharic	0	0	0	15	0	10
Arabic	75	65	0	105	70	40
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	20	20	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	115	50	65
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	0	10	35	25	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	245	135	115	140	35	100
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	245	135	115	140	35	100
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	205	105	95	485	245	240
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	10	10	10	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	10	10	10	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	185	100	85	470	235	240
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	560	250	305	3,115	1,865	1,255
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	100	35	60	480	245	235
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	95	35	60	480	245	235
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	65	50	20
Russian	25	10	10	280	145	135
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	65	20	50	110	40	70
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	165	95	65	1,300	790	505
Afrikaans	30	10	20	10	10	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	40	25	20	40	10	30
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	80	50	30	950	585	370
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Swedish	0	0	0	0	10	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	15	0	290	185	105
Greek	0	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	180	75	100	755	505	260
Indo-Aryan languages	160	70	90	685	455	225
Bengali	25	15	10	20	0	15
Gujarati	0	0	10	10	10	10
Hindi	20	10	10	40	40	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	0	10	10	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40	20	20	605	400	210
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	50	25	30	10	0	10
Iranian languages	20	10	15	75	45	30
Kurdish	0	0	0	10	10	10
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	25	0	15	65	45	20
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	110	45	70	580	330	245
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Portuguese	0	0	0	330	215	115
Romanian	10	0	0	10	10	0
Spanish	105	40	60	220	100	125
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	10	10	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	110	40	70	305	150	150
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	0	15	15	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	10	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	60	35	30	210	80	135
American Sign Language	10	0	10	155	65	95
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	50	30	20	55	15	45
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,030	560	465	1,170	650	515
Chinese languages	990	540	450	1,160	650	515
Cantonese	250	140	105	690	380	315
Hakka	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mandarin	605	310	300	440	255	185
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	135	90	40	25	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40	25	20	10	10	10
Burmese	15	10	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	25	20	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	10	0	15	0	10
Lao	0	0	0	10	0	10
Thai	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	10	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	15	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	2,860	1,315	1,540	8,390	4,255	4,125
English and French	650	235	410	2,655	1,150	1,505
English and non-official language	2,190	1,065	1,125	5,680	3,085	2,590
French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language	20	15	0	45	20	30
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	633,320	332,445	300,875	710,835	370,255	340,575
None	613,955	323,280	290,670	662,595	346,710	315,885
English	3,515	1,450	2,070	8,550	3,690	4,855
French	3,800	1,675	2,125	13,320	5,825	7,495
Non-official language	11,880	5,960	5,925	25,960	13,815	12,145
Aboriginal	4,590	2,095	2,490	6,500	3,245	3,255
Non-Aboriginal	7,290	3,860	3,435	19,460	10,575	8,890
English and French	0	0	0	10	0	10
English and non-official language	10	0	10	65	45	20
French and non-official language	170	90	85	335	160	175
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	1,055,820	525,975	529,850	1,225,480	606,585	618,895
Non-movers	905,630	451,665	453,965	1,064,380	527,020	537,360
Movers	150,195	74,310	75,880	161,100	79,570	81,535
Non-migrants	89,005	43,990	45,015	105,090	52,025	53,065
Migrants	61,185	30,320	30,865	56,010	27,545	28,465
Internal migrants	49,930	24,855	25,075	41,305	20,285	21,020
Intraprovincial migrants	35,965	17,690	18,275	30,395	14,720	15,675
Interprovincial migrants	13,970	7,165	6,805	10,915	5,565	5,345
External migrants	11,255	5,465	5,790	14,705	7,260	7,445
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	998,200	496,505	501,695	1,161,240	573,310	587,930
Non-movers	602,890	300,715	302,175	718,640	355,585	363,050
Movers	395,310	195,790	199,520	442,600	217,725	224,875
Non-migrants	201,450	99,955	101,495	261,015	128,560	132,455
Migrants	193,860	95,835	98,025	181,585	89,165	92,420
Internal migrants	147,360	72,815	74,540	117,135	56,880	60,260
Intraprovincial migrants	98,780	47,825	50,950	86,295	41,295	45,000
Interprovincial migrants	48,585	24,995	23,590	30,840	15,580	15,260
External migrants	46,500	23,015	23,485	64,445	32,285	32,165

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Saskatchewan [Province] and Manitoba [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 25, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Saskatchewan [Province] and Manitoba [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Saskatchewan [Province] and Manitoba [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Saskatchewan [Province] and Manitoba [Province]