Data tables, 2016 Census

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (10), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

Data table

Select data categories for this table


This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , immigrant status and period of immigration , age and sex for the population in private households in British Columbia / Colombie-Britannique
Data quality
Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984) First official language spoken (6)
Total - First official language spoken English French English and French Neither English nor French Official language minority (number)Footnote 2
Population in private households - 25% sample data 4,560,235 4,336,075 55,315 17,775 151,065 64,205
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data 4,560,235 4,336,080 55,320 17,775 151,070 64,200
0 to 14 years 689,865 663,920 3,945 3,995 18,005 5,935
0 to 4 years 220,280 203,345 1,340 465 15,125 1,575
5 to 9 years 236,225 231,505 1,455 1,265 2,000 2,090
10 to 14 years 233,360 229,075 1,140 2,265 880 2,270
15 to 64 years 3,074,965 2,951,195 37,970 12,040 73,760 43,990
15 to 19 years 257,280 252,550 1,285 2,590 855 2,580
20 to 24 years 284,710 280,125 2,020 1,440 1,120 2,740
25 to 29 years 300,135 293,335 3,300 1,100 2,400 3,850
30 to 34 years 310,940 302,705 4,150 995 3,080 4,650
35 to 39 years 290,930 281,060 4,250 1,235 4,390 4,865
40 to 44 years 292,110 279,865 4,020 1,125 7,095 4,585
45 to 49 years 318,735 303,120 3,810 1,020 10,785 4,320
50 to 54 years 350,215 330,095 4,710 935 14,470 5,180
55 to 59 years 350,235 329,960 5,280 860 14,135 5,710
60 to 64 years 319,690 298,365 5,145 735 15,445 5,510
65 years and over 795,410 720,960 13,405 1,745 59,300 14,275
65 to 69 years 282,585 262,300 4,505 605 15,180 4,800
70 to 74 years 198,715 182,130 3,540 435 12,610 3,755
75 to 79 years 139,995 124,710 2,530 325 12,425 2,695
80 to 84 years 96,370 84,565 1,595 220 9,990 1,710
85 years and over 77,750 67,260 1,235 160 9,100 1,310
85 to 89 years 53,670 46,750 895 105 5,925 945
90 to 94 years 19,685 16,955 285 55 2,395 310
95 to 99 years 3,880 3,200 50 0 635 50
100 years and over 515 360 0 0 150 10
Average age 41.8 41.3 48.9 33.5 55.1 not applicable ...
Median age 42.5 41.7 51.1 28.7 59.7 not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 3 3,870,375 3,672,155 51,375 13,785 133,065 58,265
Married or living common law 2,276,810 2,140,800 31,770 6,860 97,380 35,195
Married 1,905,065 1,779,825 23,210 6,290 95,735 26,355
Living common law 371,745 360,970 8,560 570 1,645 8,845
Not married and not living common law 1,593,565 1,531,355 19,610 6,925 35,680 23,070
Never married 1,054,145 1,031,865 10,910 5,825 5,555 13,815
Separated 102,085 97,535 1,445 230 2,870 1,560
Divorced 253,785 241,980 4,315 600 6,895 4,610
Widowed 183,560 159,980 2,945 275 20,360 3,085
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 4 3,870,380 3,672,155 51,375 13,785 133,060 58,265
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data 3,727,715 3,535,915 50,495 12,165 129,145 not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($) 45,616 46,551 50,245 37,636 18,971 not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($) 32,983 34,138 37,066 23,316 15,310 not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data 3,732,420 3,540,305 50,580 12,170 129,365 not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($) 37,922 38,652 41,391 31,638 17,196 not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($) 29,755 30,691 32,965 22,219 15,006 not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data 3,362,835 3,219,920 45,865 10,965 86,090 not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($) 44,933 45,615 48,681 37,929 18,311 not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($) 31,542 32,350 34,717 22,986 11,601 not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data 2,628,230 2,470,985 35,735 8,370 113,135 not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($) 7,207 7,172 8,521 4,995 7,721 not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($) 4,594 4,515 7,459 1,322 5,785 not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data 2,775,010 2,678,535 37,245 9,160 50,065 not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($) 43,339 43,715 46,961 37,331 21,603 not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($) 31,707 32,231 35,415 23,399 16,925 not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample dataFootnote 5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 not applicable ...
Market income (%)Footnote 6 88.9 89.2 88.0 90.8 64.3 not applicable ...
Employment income (%)Footnote 7 70.7 71.1 68.9 74.7 44.2 not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)Footnote 8 11.1 10.8 12.0 9.1 35.7 not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 9 3,870,375 3,672,155 51,375 13,785 133,060 58,265
Without total income 142,665 136,240 880 1,625 3,920 1,690
With total income 3,727,715 3,535,920 50,495 12,165 129,140 56,575
Percentage with total income 96.3 96.3 98.3 88.2 97.1 97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss) 572,610 529,470 5,465 3,215 34,465 7,070
$10,000 to $19,999 654,905 588,025 8,360 2,355 56,160 9,540
$20,000 to $29,999 505,255 477,885 7,100 1,365 18,900 7,785
$30,000 to $39,999 423,280 406,870 6,085 1,160 9,160 6,665
$40,000 to $49,999 365,170 354,815 5,020 1,000 4,330 5,525
$50,000 to $59,999 286,095 279,220 3,935 730 2,210 4,300
$60,000 to $69,999 222,170 216,995 3,320 480 1,380 3,560
$70,000 to $79,999 171,790 167,925 2,760 410 695 2,960
$80,000 to $89,999 135,310 132,150 2,295 360 500 2,475
$90,000 to $99,999 96,840 94,835 1,495 255 255 1,625
$100,000 and over 294,295 287,720 4,660 830 1,085 5,075
$100,000 to $149,999 198,355 193,995 3,105 530 730 3,365
$150,000 and over 95,945 93,735 1,560 300 355 1,710
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 10 3,870,380 3,672,160 51,375 13,780 133,065 58,270
Without after-tax income 137,960 131,850 800 1,610 3,695 1,605
With after-tax income 3,732,420 3,540,305 50,580 12,170 129,365 56,665
Percentage with after-tax income 96.4 96.4 98.5 88.3 97.2 97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss) 596,440 551,690 5,880 3,290 35,575 7,525
$10,000 to $19,999 688,395 619,530 8,820 2,395 57,655 10,020
$20,000 to $29,999 594,325 564,330 8,295 1,665 20,045 9,125
$30,000 to $39,999 494,690 477,865 7,070 1,345 8,405 7,740
$40,000 to $49,999 402,515 392,345 5,510 1,070 3,595 6,040
$50,000 to $59,999 291,885 285,040 4,460 625 1,765 4,770
$60,000 to $69,999 210,300 205,575 3,370 475 880 3,610
$70,000 to $79,999 151,855 148,550 2,435 465 405 2,670
$80,000 and over 302,010 295,395 4,735 845 1,040 5,160
$80,000 to $89,999 94,850 92,835 1,475 255 285 1,600
$90,000 to $99,999 59,645 58,450 850 150 205 925
$100,000 and over 147,515 144,105 2,415 445 550 2,630
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 11 3,870,375 3,672,160 51,375 13,785 133,065 58,265
Without employment income 1,095,370 993,620 14,125 4,625 82,995 16,440
With employment income 2,775,010 2,678,535 37,245 9,160 50,065 41,830
Percentage with employment income 71.7 72.9 72.5 66.4 37.6 71.8
Under $5,000 (including loss) 440,080 424,670 6,440 1,810 7,155 7,345
$5,000 to $9,999 212,770 201,905 2,220 955 7,690 2,700
$10,000 to $19,999 371,850 352,245 4,280 1,490 13,835 5,020
$20,000 to $29,999 310,270 295,730 3,795 860 9,880 4,225
$30,000 to $39,999 282,735 273,015 3,490 875 5,360 3,930
$40,000 to $49,999 253,580 246,875 3,200 785 2,725 3,590
$50,000 to $59,999 203,580 198,875 2,850 500 1,355 3,100
$60,000 to $69,999 163,065 159,555 2,330 380 800 2,525
$70,000 to $79,999 133,790 130,985 2,115 320 370 2,275
$80,000 and over 403,290 394,685 6,515 1,190 895 7,115
$80,000 to $89,999 106,940 104,580 1,780 305 285 1,930
$90,000 to $99,999 76,030 74,490 1,155 215 165 1,265
$100,000 and over 220,320 215,620 3,585 670 445 3,920
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 12 3,870,375 3,672,160 51,375 13,785 133,065 58,265
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample dataFootnote 13 1,147,070 1,116,980 14,960 2,935 12,190 not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)Footnote 14 53,940 54,215 59,718 53,794 28,527 not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)Footnote 15 64,625 64,914 68,791 67,156 32,435 not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample DataFootnote 16 4,560,235 4,336,080 55,320 17,775 151,070 64,205
English only 4,092,905 4,092,905 0 0 0 0
French only 1,745 0 1,750 0 0 1,750
English and French 312,480 241,215 53,505 17,755 0 62,385
Neither English nor French 153,110 1,960 60 20 151,065 70
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample DataFootnote 17 4,560,240 4,336,080 55,320 17,775 151,065 64,200
English 3,601,100 3,565,815 35,290 0 0 35,285
French 16,490 1,030 15,455 0 0 15,460
Non-official language 714,820 548,310 840 14,600 151,070 8,140
Aboriginal 1,590 1,555 10 0 20 10
Non-Aboriginal 713,235 546,755 830 14,600 151,050 8,130
English and French 6,110 1,910 2,545 1,660 0 3,370
English and non-official language 218,260 217,915 345 0 0 345
French and non-official language 625 140 485 0 0 480
English, French and non-official language 2,830 960 365 1,515 0 1,115
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample DataFootnote 18 4,560,240 4,336,080 55,315 17,775 151,070 64,200
None 3,900,530 3,720,985 30,520 8,280 140,750 34,655
English 272,245 250,540 8,940 7,575 5,190 12,725
French 40,650 26,740 13,635 245 30 13,755
Non-official language 336,755 329,740 1,505 550 4,965 1,775
Aboriginal 7,810 7,790 20 0 0 20
Non-Aboriginal 328,950 321,950 1,485 545 4,965 1,760
English and French 1,125 215 60 840 0 480
English and non-official language 5,205 4,680 285 135 110 355
French and non-official language 3,575 3,185 365 20 15 375
English, French and non-official language 140 0 10 130 0 75
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample DataFootnote 19 4,560,240 4,336,075 55,315 17,775 151,070 64,205
English 3,142,275 3,142,180 95 0 0 95
French 57,105 5,315 51,795 0 0 51,790
Non-official language 1,261,220 1,092,895 1,555 15,705 151,065 9,405
Aboriginal 8,195 8,150 10 0 30 10
Non-Aboriginal 1,253,030 1,084,745 1,545 15,700 151,035 9,395
English and French 9,570 7,805 350 1,420 0 1,060
English and non-official language 86,240 86,185 55 0 0 55
French and non-official language 1,900 450 1,450 0 0 1,445
English, French and non-official language 1,930 1,245 30 650 0 355
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 20 4,560,240 4,336,080 55,320 17,775 151,070 64,205
Official languages 4,407,130 4,334,120 55,255 17,755 0 64,135
English 4,405,380 4,334,120 53,505 17,755 0 62,385
French 314,220 241,210 55,255 17,755 0 64,130
Non-official languages 1,546,550 1,368,225 10,700 16,560 151,070 18,975
Aboriginal languages 17,185 17,110 55 10 15 60
Non-Aboriginal languages 1,529,630 1,351,380 10,650 16,550 151,045 18,925
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 21 4,560,240 4,336,080 55,315 17,775 151,070 64,205
Aboriginal identityFootnote 22 270,585 267,255 3,075 140 105 3,145
Single Aboriginal responsesFootnote 23 263,540 260,360 2,945 130 100 3,010
First Nations (North American Indian)Footnote 24 172,520 171,780 620 35 85 635
Métis 89,405 86,995 2,295 95 20 2,345
Inuk (Inuit) 1,615 1,585 30 0 0 30
Multiple Aboriginal responsesFootnote 25 4,350 4,265 70 10 10 75
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhereFootnote 26 2,695 2,630 55 0 0 60
Non-Aboriginal identity 4,289,655 4,068,820 52,245 17,630 150,960 61,060
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 27 4,560,235 4,336,080 55,315 17,775 151,065 64,205
Registered or Treaty IndianFootnote 28 135,835 135,345 405 25 65 415
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian 4,424,400 4,200,740 54,915 17,750 151,000 63,785
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 29 4,560,240 4,336,075 55,315 17,775 151,070 64,205
Aboriginal ancestry (only)Footnote 30 91,715 91,145 475 25 70 490
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)Footnote 31 90,395 89,840 460 25 65 475
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestryFootnote 32 79,880 79,615 200 10 50 205
Métis single ancestry 10,080 9,815 250 10 10 255
Inuit single ancestry 430 410 15 0 10 15
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)Footnote 33 1,325 1,300 15 0 0 20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries 1,175 1,170 0 0 0 10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries 100 100 0 0 0 0
Métis and Inuit ancestries 45 35 15 0 0 10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries 0 0 0 0 0 0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesFootnote 34 211,100 206,455 4,390 200 50 4,490
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesFootnote 35 201,895 197,470 4,185 195 40 4,280
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries 130,015 127,705 2,180 100 30 2,235
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries 70,175 68,090 1,985 95 10 2,035
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries 1,700 1,680 15 0 0 15
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesFootnote 36 9,200 8,990 205 10 10 210
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries 8,860 8,660 195 0 10 195
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries 165 155 15 0 0 15
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries 130 130 0 0 0 0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries 45 45 0 0 0 0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)Footnote 37 4,257,425 4,038,480 50,445 17,550 150,950 59,225
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 38 4,560,235 4,336,080 55,320 17,775 151,070 64,205
Canadian citizensFootnote 39 4,138,300 3,979,950 51,700 14,320 92,330 58,865
Canadian citizens only 3,924,715 3,781,960 47,500 10,445 84,810 52,720
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country 213,585 197,985 4,205 3,870 7,515 6,145
Not Canadian citizensFootnote 40 421,940 356,125 3,610 3,455 58,740 5,340
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 41 4,560,240 4,336,080 55,315 17,775 151,070 64,205
Non-immigrantsFootnote 42 3,167,155 3,102,860 43,710 5,680 14,910 46,550
ImmigrantsFootnote 43 1,292,670 1,141,185 10,255 11,215 130,015 15,860
Before 1981 356,160 338,650 3,325 1,410 12,765 4,030
1981 to 1990 152,225 134,385 1,135 1,260 15,440 1,765
1991 to 2000 287,505 245,575 1,655 2,350 37,920 2,835
2001 to 2010 321,235 277,825 2,605 4,445 36,365 4,830
2001 to 2005 147,735 128,320 1,135 1,920 16,360 2,095
2006 to 2010 173,510 149,505 1,470 2,525 20,005 2,735
2011 to 2016Footnote 44 175,550 144,750 1,530 1,745 27,530 2,400
Non-permanent residentsFootnote 45 100,405 92,025 1,355 880 6,140 1,790
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 46 1,292,675 1,141,185 10,250 11,215 130,015 15,860
Under 5 years 112,670 108,005 870 1,450 2,340 1,595
5 to 14 years 212,710 206,810 1,430 2,465 2,005 2,665
15 to 24 years 279,495 264,855 2,175 1,435 11,040 2,885
25 to 44 years 537,495 479,055 5,045 4,945 48,460 7,520
45 years and over 150,300 82,470 730 925 66,180 1,195
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 47 1,292,670 1,141,190 10,255 11,215 130,020 15,860
Americas 110,845 107,175 675 1,780 1,215 1,565
Brazil 3,805 3,600 20 165 20 100
Colombia 3,915 3,420 60 260 175 190
El Salvador 5,425 4,985 30 140 275 100
Guyana 1,310 1,305 0 0 0 0
Haiti 565 355 185 10 20 190
Jamaica 3,505 3,495 0 0 0 0
Mexico 10,375 9,720 75 450 135 300
Peru 3,265 3,040 0 120 100 65
Trinidad and Tobago 2,620 2,610 0 0 0 0
United StatesFootnote 48 57,780 57,365 205 140 75 275
Other places of birth in Americas 18,295 17,285 100 500 410 350
Europe 319,885 306,925 6,180 3,375 3,405 7,870
Bosnia and Herzegovina 4,570 4,345 0 60 165 30
Croatia 5,780 5,655 0 35 90 20
France 5,705 1,190 4,460 50 0 4,485
Germany 35,045 34,470 140 330 105 305
Greece 3,630 3,400 15 70 150 45
Hungary 6,175 6,015 40 60 60 70
IrelandFootnote 49 5,890 5,885 0 0 0 10
Italy 15,400 14,610 115 250 430 240
Netherlands 18,220 18,020 25 165 15 105
Poland 15,115 14,655 15 140 300 85
Portugal 8,215 7,580 30 110 490 85
Romania 9,000 7,905 70 730 290 435
Russian Federation 10,920 10,055 40 295 535 185
SerbiaFootnote 50 4,480 4,230 25 120 105 85
Ukraine 7,505 7,080 10 90 320 60
United KingdomFootnote 51 123,815 123,675 100 30 15 115
Other places of birth in Europe 40,425 38,160 1,100 845 325 1,525
Africa 42,805 38,745 2,345 1,195 520 2,945
Algeria 490 105 275 95 10 325
Egypt 2,710 2,425 105 160 15 185
Ethiopia 2,070 1,990 0 20 60 10
Kenya 4,705 4,610 20 35 40 40
Morocco 990 340 430 195 20 530
Nigeria 1,740 1,735 0 10 10 0
Somalia 1,085 960 0 10 120 0
South Africa, Republic of 13,380 13,330 15 25 10 25
Other places of birth in Africa 15,645 13,250 1,495 655 245 1,820
Asia 788,055 657,985 985 4,845 124,235 3,410
Afghanistan 5,040 4,290 10 25 715 25
Bangladesh 2,120 2,040 0 35 50 20
ChinaFootnote 52 199,990 136,585 120 1,260 62,030 745
Hong KongFootnote 53 74,215 67,770 25 280 6,140 165
India 162,645 130,760 110 370 31,405 295
IranFootnote 54 37,160 34,105 115 965 1,975 595
Iraq 5,550 4,615 10 70 860 40
Japan 13,360 12,590 20 65 690 55
Korea, SouthFootnote 55 41,515 36,740 10 410 4,345 215
Lebanon 2,235 1,770 160 190 120 255
Pakistan 10,665 9,800 0 65 800 30
Philippines 112,100 111,250 50 130 670 115
Sri Lanka 4,585 4,430 0 15 145 10
SyriaFootnote 56 2,845 1,345 25 30 1,445 35
Taiwan 38,900 33,825 30 185 4,860 125
Viet Nam 27,875 21,975 130 295 5,470 275
Other places of birth in Asia 47,255 44,095 180 465 2,510 415
Oceania and other places of birthFootnote 57 31,080 30,355 65 20 635 70
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 58 175,555 144,750 1,525 1,750 27,525 2,405
Americas 14,550 13,785 75 255 430 205
Brazil 1,145 1,055 10 60 15 40
Colombia 575 460 0 25 80 20
Cuba 145 120 10 0 10 10
Haiti 40 40 0 0 0 0
Jamaica 625 625 0 0 0 0
Mexico 2,885 2,740 10 90 45 50
United StatesFootnote 59 6,490 6,415 20 10 45 25
VenezuelaFootnote 60 275 255 0 15 10 0
Other places of birth in Americas 2,380 2,080 30 55 225 55
Europe 19,740 17,625 1,030 455 630 1,250
France 965 75 880 15 0 885
Germany 1,445 1,375 20 35 15 40
IrelandFootnote 61 1,435 1,435 0 0 0 0
MoldovaFootnote 62 240 190 0 30 25 15
Romania 690 520 20 80 75 55
Russian Federation 1,735 1,515 0 65 155 35
Ukraine 1,230 1,075 10 10 135 10
United KingdomFootnote 63 6,540 6,525 10 0 0 10
Other places of birth in Europe 5,455 4,910 95 220 225 205
Africa 6,205 5,360 340 270 230 475
Algeria 65 25 10 20 0 25
Cameroon 60 45 15 0 0 15
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 150 80 60 10 0 65
Côte d'Ivoire 20 0 15 0 0 20
Egypt 625 605 0 10 10 10
Eritrea 315 265 0 0 50 0
Ethiopia 305 285 0 10 15 0
Morocco 205 75 65 50 20 85
Nigeria 645 645 0 0 0 0
Somalia 360 290 0 0 65 0
South Africa, Republic of 1,625 1,615 0 0 10 0
Tunisia 75 25 10 40 0 30
Other places of birth in Africa 1,745 1,400 155 125 65 215
Asia 131,875 104,820 80 765 26,215 465
Afghanistan 870 715 0 0 155 0
Bangladesh 475 440 0 10 30 0
ChinaFootnote 64 38,105 24,070 15 170 13,850 95
Hong KongFootnote 65 1,805 1,610 0 30 160 15
India 27,460 20,915 10 60 6,475 40
IranFootnote 66 8,645 7,545 10 235 855 125
Iraq 1,910 1,315 0 0 590 0
Israel 365 325 0 0 35 0
Japan 2,285 2,150 0 15 120 10
Korea, SouthFootnote 67 8,025 7,015 0 80 930 40
Lebanon 260 165 20 25 55 30
Nepal 315 290 0 0 25 0
Pakistan 1,960 1,810 0 10 145 0
Philippines 26,680 26,525 10 10 135 15
Saudi Arabia 395 370 0 10 15 10
Sri Lanka 535 500 0 0 25 0
SyriaFootnote 68 2,185 770 0 10 1,410 0
Taiwan 2,500 2,215 0 0 285 0
Turkey 390 365 0 10 10 10
United Arab Emirates 385 370 0 10 10 10
Viet Nam 1,780 1,325 0 25 435 10
Other places of birth in Asia 4,540 4,025 10 50 460 30
Oceania and otherFootnote 69 3,185 3,160 0 0 20 10
Australia 1,920 1,920 0 0 0 0
Other places of birthFootnote 70 1,265 1,235 0 0 25 0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 71 4,560,235 4,336,080 55,315 17,775 151,070 64,200
First generationFootnote 72 1,426,455 1,265,330 12,110 12,235 136,780 18,225
Second generationFootnote 73 1,043,865 1,019,375 6,110 4,740 13,635 8,480
Third generation or moreFootnote 74 2,089,925 2,051,375 37,100 805 655 37,500
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample dataFootnote 75 955,955 819,610 7,090 9,910 119,345 12,045
Economic immigrantsFootnote 76 537,875 485,960 4,175 7,190 40,555 7,765
Principal applicantsFootnote 77 209,685 187,045 2,385 2,720 17,535 3,750
Secondary applicantsFootnote 78 328,190 298,915 1,790 4,470 23,020 4,020
Immigrants sponsored by familyFootnote 79 323,445 253,345 2,125 1,505 66,475 2,880
RefugeesFootnote 80 82,355 70,995 675 1,125 9,560 1,235
Other immigrantsFootnote 81 12,285 9,320 120 90 2,755 165
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 82 4,560,240 4,336,075 55,315 17,775 151,065 64,205
Total visible minority populationFootnote 83 1,381,235 1,220,585 5,115 10,620 144,915 10,425
South AsianFootnote 84 365,705 324,980 685 1,960 38,080 1,665
Chinese 508,480 420,340 600 3,020 84,520 2,110
Black 43,500 40,860 1,710 395 535 1,910
Filipino 145,030 144,005 110 165 745 195
Latin American 44,110 40,890 260 1,540 1,425 1,030
Arab 19,840 15,600 650 820 2,765 1,060
Southeast AsianFootnote 85 54,920 49,265 265 475 4,915 505
West AsianFootnote 86 48,695 44,420 195 1,085 2,995 735
Korean 60,490 53,825 60 580 6,030 350
Japanese 41,235 39,610 105 170 1,345 190
Visible minority, n.i.e.Footnote 87 8,765 8,060 230 145 335 300
Multiple visible minoritiesFootnote 88 40,465 38,725 235 270 1,235 370
Not a visible minorityFootnote 89 3,179,000 3,115,495 50,200 7,155 6,150 53,775
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 90 4,560,235 4,336,080 55,315 17,775 151,070 64,205
North American Aboriginal origins 302,810 297,605 4,865 220 120 4,980
First Nations (North American Indian) 220,245 217,450 2,590 120 90 2,650
Inuit 2,620 2,550 55 0 10 60
Métis 90,515 87,935 2,445 105 25 2,500
Other North American origins 922,690 899,070 20,625 945 2,050 21,100
Acadian 3,935 3,095 825 15 0 830
American 78,170 77,620 450 60 45 475
Canadian 866,530 844,255 19,400 845 2,030 19,820
New Brunswicker 60 50 10 0 0 0
Newfoundlander 1,880 1,870 0 10 0 0
Nova Scotian 180 180 0 0 0 0
Ontarian 135 120 10 0 0 10
Québécois 1,830 1,215 575 40 0 590
Other North American origins, n.i.e.Footnote 91 405 395 10 0 0 10
European origins 2,857,080 2,802,015 41,420 7,460 6,190 45,145
British Isles origins 1,926,040 1,916,160 8,590 835 450 9,010
Channel Islander 455 445 10 0 0 10
Cornish 610 610 0 0 0 0
English 1,203,545 1,199,435 3,355 450 305 3,580
Irish 675,130 670,725 4,035 260 115 4,165
Manx 1,810 1,805 10 0 0 10
Scottish 860,775 857,505 2,740 345 185 2,915
Welsh 113,905 113,645 225 25 10 235
British Isles origins, n.i.e.Footnote 92 122,705 122,090 485 90 35 535
French origins 388,820 351,530 35,880 1,195 210 36,485
Alsatian 215 200 10 0 0 15
Breton 110 40 70 0 0 75
Corsican 105 90 15 0 0 15
French 388,580 351,325 35,850 1,200 210 36,445
Western European origins (except French origins) 839,865 832,260 4,995 1,805 800 5,895
Austrian 48,515 48,090 220 170 30 305
Bavarian 220 215 0 0 0 0
Belgian 19,975 18,495 1,330 140 15 1,400
Dutch 213,670 212,615 560 400 95 760
Flemish 2,215 2,165 30 15 0 40
Frisian 850 840 0 10 0 0
German 603,265 599,320 2,305 980 660 2,795
Luxembourger 700 650 35 10 0 35
Swiss 31,390 29,990 1,010 355 45 1,185
Western European origins, n.i.e.Footnote 93 905 905 0 0 0 0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins) 346,525 345,495 590 325 115 750
Danish 58,205 58,000 110 90 0 155
Finnish 34,150 33,995 70 60 25 100
Icelandic 26,410 26,330 40 40 0 60
Norwegian 138,435 138,170 180 20 65 190
Swedish 110,030 109,695 170 130 40 235
Northern European origins, n.i.e.Footnote 94 15,075 14,990 75 15 0 80
Eastern European origins 569,260 562,085 2,000 2,465 2,715 3,230
Bulgarian 4,015 3,685 50 155 120 130
Byelorussian 2,760 2,610 10 50 100 30
Czech 23,375 23,150 85 85 55 130
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.Footnote 95 7,970 7,930 35 0 10 35
Estonian 4,840 4,820 0 15 10 10
Hungarian 56,535 55,855 265 230 190 380
Latvian 4,940 4,915 15 10 0 15
Lithuanian 7,225 7,170 35 15 10 40
Moldovan 1,085 980 0 40 60 20
Polish 149,630 148,065 700 410 455 910
Romanian 31,250 29,880 175 820 365 585
Russian 131,060 128,765 460 670 1,170 790
Slovak 11,220 11,115 50 35 20 70
Ukrainian 229,205 227,685 425 460 635 655
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.Footnote 96 3,560 3,490 10 45 10 30
Southern European origins 334,740 325,830 3,750 2,720 2,435 5,105
Albanian 1,925 1,815 10 50 45 35
Bosnian 3,295 3,135 0 75 80 40
Catalan 115 100 0 10 0 10
Croatian 23,845 23,465 60 190 135 155
Cypriot 440 430 10 0 0 10
Greek 24,460 23,850 215 175 220 300
Italian 166,090 162,400 2,210 835 655 2,625
Kosovar 280 270 0 0 10 0
Macedonian 1,205 1,160 0 25 20 10
Maltese 2,645 2,605 25 0 0 30
Montenegrin 715 675 0 20 15 10
Portuguese 41,765 40,490 290 360 625 470
Serbian 12,895 12,265 50 315 260 210
Sicilian 550 515 30 10 0 30
Slovenian 5,550 5,510 30 0 10 30
Spanish 64,475 61,750 1,060 1,130 535 1,625
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.Footnote 97 7,085 7,015 45 15 10 50
Southern European origins, n.i.e.Footnote 98 395 380 10 15 0 0
Other European origins 34,700 33,700 475 325 195 640
Basque 835 790 25 25 0 35
Jewish 17,580 16,955 220 225 185 335
Roma (Gypsy) 800 770 15 20 0 20
Slavic, n.o.s.Footnote 99 965 965 0 0 10 0
Other European origins, n.i.e.Footnote 100 14,715 14,405 225 80 0 265
Caribbean origins 25,010 24,430 405 65 110 435
Antiguan 220 215 0 0 0 0
Bahamian 250 255 0 0 0 0
Barbadian 1,870 1,865 10 10 0 10
Bermudan 330 325 10 0 0 0
Carib 70 70 0 0 0 0
Cuban 1,320 1,255 15 10 40 20
Dominican 740 685 0 10 40 10
Grenadian 380 380 0 0 0 0
Guadeloupean 15 0 15 0 0 15
Haitian 1,140 860 230 20 25 240
Jamaican 10,545 10,495 40 10 0 45
Kittitian/Nevisian 130 130 0 0 0 0
Martinican 30 10 15 0 0 15
Montserratan 25 20 0 0 0 0
Puerto Rican 575 565 0 10 0 0
St. Lucian 190 190 0 0 0 0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian 4,170 4,140 30 0 0 25
Vincentian/Grenadinian 410 415 0 0 0 0
West Indian, n.o.s.Footnote 101 2,125 2,080 35 10 0 40
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.Footnote 102 1,920 1,875 30 15 0 45
Latin, Central and South American origins 69,920 66,075 495 1,855 1,490 1,425
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya) 2,625 2,470 20 75 60 55
Arawak 90 90 0 0 0 0
Argentinian 2,025 1,900 35 85 10 80
Belizean 125 125 0 0 0 0
Bolivian 375 340 10 20 10 15
Brazilian 5,455 5,205 35 120 100 95
Chilean 5,695 5,470 65 70 85 105
Colombian 5,860 5,225 70 335 230 245
Costa Rican 815 790 0 20 10 10
Ecuadorian 1,045 975 10 30 25 30
Guatemalan 2,575 2,435 25 60 60 55
Guyanese 1,925 1,920 0 0 0 0
Hispanic 1,535 1,435 0 55 40 35
Honduran 1,445 1,360 0 25 50 20
Maya 930 880 0 20 25 20
Mexican 23,055 21,885 130 605 440 425
Nicaraguan 1,520 1,430 10 35 45 30
Panamanian 325 315 0 0 10 0
Paraguayan 895 895 0 10 0 10
Peruvian 3,905 3,665 30 120 100 85
Salvadorean 6,815 6,400 35 150 225 110
Uruguayan 410 385 15 0 10 15
Venezuelan 1,900 1,780 15 65 40 45
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.Footnote 103 3,310 3,135 20 95 60 65
African origins 59,985 55,430 2,745 1,130 680 3,310
Central and West African origins 7,070 6,215 750 95 20 795
Akan 35 35 0 0 0 0
Angolan 95 85 10 0 0 10
Ashanti 85 85 0 0 0 0
Beninese 35 20 15 0 0 15
Burkinabe 40 30 15 0 0 10
Cameroonian 155 95 50 10 0 55
Chadian 70 60 10 0 0 10
Congolese 805 370 385 40 10 405
Edo 85 85 0 0 0 0
Ewe 55 45 0 0 0 0
Gabonese 10 0 10 0 0 0
Gambian 25 25 0 0 0 0
Ghanaian 1,600 1,590 0 0 10 0
Guinean 130 85 30 10 0 35
Ibo 275 275 0 0 0 0
Ivorian 100 45 60 0 0 60
Liberian 250 250 0 0 0 0
Malian 85 40 40 0 0 40
Malinké 10 0 0 0 0 0
Nigerian 2,620 2,590 15 0 0 20
Peulh 25 10 10 0 0 10
Senegalese 95 45 50 10 0 55
Sierra Leonean 130 120 0 10 0 10
Togolese 105 55 35 10 0 40
Wolof 0 0 0 0 0 0
Yoruba 255 255 0 0 0 0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.Footnote 104 620 500 105 15 0 115
North African origins 9,840 7,975 1,085 630 150 1,400
Algerian 770 335 325 95 15 370
Berber 205 80 50 75 0 85
Coptic 150 140 10 0 0 10
Dinka 40 45 0 0 0 0
Egyptian 4,520 4,205 140 135 40 205
Libyan 415 380 10 0 25 10
Maure 150 135 0 0 20 0
Moroccan 2,005 1,350 435 195 25 530
Sudanese 1,225 1,175 0 25 30 10
Tunisian 505 295 85 120 0 140
North African origins, n.i.e.Footnote 105 220 105 65 55 0 85
Southern and East African origins 24,800 23,515 615 240 430 740
Afrikaner 710 705 0 0 0 10
Amhara 115 105 0 0 10 0
Bantu, n.o.s.Footnote 106 255 125 90 30 10 105
Burundian 220 90 85 30 10 105
Djiboutian 0 0 0 0 0 0
Eritrean 1,055 950 0 10 95 10
Ethiopian 2,550 2,480 0 10 55 10
Harari 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kenyan 1,615 1,615 0 0 0 0
Malagasy 105 80 20 0 0 20
Mauritian 975 630 255 95 0 300
Oromo 135 140 0 0 0 0
Rwandan 415 290 85 35 10 105
Seychellois 30 25 0 0 0 0
Somali 2,295 2,105 10 0 180 10
South African 11,060 10,970 35 30 20 50
Tanzanian 495 485 0 10 10 0
Tigrian 205 170 0 0 35 0
Ugandan 775 765 10 0 0 0
Zambian 210 205 10 0 0 0
Zimbabwean 850 855 0 0 0 0
Zulu 70 70 0 0 0 0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.Footnote 107 1,840 1,775 35 15 20 45
Other African origins 19,210 18,500 425 190 90 520
Black, n.o.s.Footnote 108 2,660 2,600 40 10 15 45
Other African origins, n.i.e.Footnote 109 16,740 16,050 415 195 85 510
Asian origins 1,312,445 1,157,525 3,255 8,805 142,865 7,655
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins 99,560 89,675 1,055 2,175 6,650 2,145
Afghan 7,890 6,985 10 50 850 35
Arab, n.o.s.Footnote 110 5,660 4,670 180 170 640 265
Armenian 3,715 3,285 135 170 130 220
Assyrian 545 455 0 0 90 0
Azerbaijani 995 940 0 20 25 15
Georgian 740 720 0 0 10 0
Hazara 55 50 0 0 10 0
Iranian 47,985 44,380 215 1,095 2,295 760
Iraqi 5,575 4,665 20 105 780 70
Israeli 2,655 2,565 45 35 15 60
Jordanian 785 755 0 0 20 0
Kazakh 385 375 0 10 0 0
Kurd 2,115 1,905 10 35 170 30
Kuwaiti 130 120 0 0 0 0
Kyrgyz 175 125 10 35 10 25
Lebanese 7,980 7,290 335 265 90 465
Palestinian 2,625 2,490 25 35 60 45
Pashtun 355 325 0 15 15 10
Saudi Arabian 975 885 0 10 85 10
Syrian 3,955 2,625 90 30 1,210 105
Tajik 255 220 0 0 35 0
Tatar 790 735 0 20 35 10
Turk 6,350 5,930 110 135 175 175
Turkmen 125 95 0 0 30 0
Uighur 130 120 0 0 10 0
Uzbek 270 260 0 0 10 0
Yemeni 300 280 0 0 20 0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.Footnote 111 2,635 2,400 30 60 140 60
South Asian origins 363,890 323,355 795 2,060 37,675 1,830
Bangladeshi 1,845 1,745 0 35 60 20
Bengali 850 830 0 10 10 0
Bhutanese 115 80 0 0 35 0
East Indian 309,315 274,445 730 1,735 32,405 1,595
Goan 485 485 0 0 0 0
Gujarati 695 690 0 0 0 10
Kashmiri 180 175 0 10 0 0
Nepali 1,495 1,400 0 10 85 0
Pakistani 12,580 12,040 40 60 445 75
Punjabi 38,725 32,495 15 295 5,920 160
Sinhalese 620 610 0 10 10 10
Sri Lankan 5,710 5,535 25 25 130 35
Tamil 1,230 1,170 10 10 40 15
South Asian origins, n.i.e.Footnote 112 8,245 7,570 20 30 630 35
East and Southeast Asian origins 855,350 750,800 1,455 4,590 98,500 3,750
Burmese 2,310 2,110 0 10 190 10
Cambodian (Khmer) 3,235 2,860 50 35 290 70
Chinese 540,155 452,420 805 3,090 83,840 2,355
Filipino 158,210 157,090 145 185 790 240
Hmong 130 125 0 0 10 0
Indonesian 6,620 6,535 20 10 65 20
Japanese 51,150 49,295 110 220 1,525 215
Karen 895 615 0 0 280 0
Korean 63,300 56,465 65 600 6,170 365
Laotian 2,530 2,365 40 15 110 50
Malaysian 5,055 5,010 15 10 30 15
Mongolian 1,495 1,415 20 10 45 25
Singaporean 1,055 1,045 0 0 10 0
Taiwanese 21,455 18,875 15 175 2,390 105
Thai 5,065 4,925 30 25 85 45
Tibetan 550 510 0 0 40 0
Vietnamese 41,435 36,295 260 435 4,450 480
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.Footnote 113 785 705 10 0 70 0
Other Asian origins 2,500 2,310 0 15 165 15
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.Footnote 114 2,500 2,310 10 15 165 15
Oceania origins 41,125 40,640 90 60 330 125
Australian 16,240 16,180 35 25 0 50
New Zealander 6,560 6,550 0 15 0 10
Pacific Islands origins 19,135 18,720 55 25 330 70
Fijian 14,140 13,765 30 20 325 45
Hawaiian 2,205 2,200 0 0 0 0
Maori 1,120 1,120 0 0 0 0
Samoan 485 485 10 0 0 10
Polynesian, n.o.s.Footnote 115 600 600 0 0 0 0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.Footnote 116 905 880 20 0 10 20
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 117 3,870,375 3,672,155 51,375 13,780 133,060 58,265
No certificate, diploma or degree 601,640 527,315 6,455 1,995 65,870 7,455
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificateFootnote 118 1,138,565 1,086,075 11,605 2,915 37,970 13,065
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 2,130,170 2,058,770 33,315 8,875 29,220 37,750
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 338,980 329,630 5,895 600 2,855 6,195
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationFootnote 119 142,935 138,180 2,750 255 1,755 2,875
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationFootnote 120 196,045 191,450 3,145 345 1,100 3,320
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma 700,945 680,420 10,875 1,500 8,145 11,625
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 138,010 131,340 1,890 535 4,245 2,155
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above 952,240 917,375 14,655 6,235 13,975 17,770
Bachelor's degree 622,670 602,030 7,700 2,860 10,085 9,130
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 69,000 65,710 1,400 660 1,235 1,730
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 29,115 27,825 445 280 565 585
Master's degree 195,825 187,905 4,200 1,830 1,890 5,120
Earned doctorateFootnote 121 35,625 33,905 910 605 205 1,210
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 122 3,870,375 3,672,160 51,375 13,785 133,060 58,265
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeFootnote 123 1,740,200 1,613,385 18,060 4,915 103,845 20,520
Education 144,100 138,495 3,055 460 2,090 3,285
13. Education 144,100 138,495 3,060 460 2,095 3,285
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 98,735 95,185 1,705 445 1,405 1,925
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 16,970 16,500 325 55 90 350
50. Visual and performing arts 81,765 78,685 1,380 390 1,310 1,575
Humanities 124,600 118,770 2,290 935 2,600 2,760
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics 15,235 13,440 530 320 945 690
23. English language and literature/letters 34,710 33,950 290 140 340 355
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 35,720 34,235 550 100 830 600
30A Interdisciplinary humanitiesFootnote 124 585 545 35 10 0 35
38. Philosophy and religious studies 6,710 6,435 130 25 110 145
39. Theology and religious vocations 12,280 12,025 95 15 145 100
54. History 15,780 15,300 235 40 200 260
55. French language and literature/letters 3,585 2,840 425 295 25 575
Social and behavioural sciences and law 245,995 238,400 3,685 1,185 2,730 4,275
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 4,120 3,940 90 35 45 110
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 23,185 22,325 465 125 270 525
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 38,070 36,855 525 95 595 570
22. Legal professions and studies 38,505 37,305 500 185 515 590
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciencesFootnote 125 4,330 4,220 80 20 10 95
42. Psychology 43,230 42,370 630 165 60 715
45. Social sciences 94,565 91,385 1,390 560 1,230 1,670
Business, management and public administration 426,460 411,785 6,175 1,740 6,760 7,045
30.16 Accounting and computer science 770 760 10 0 0 0
44. Public administration and social service professions 26,525 25,925 435 50 110 460
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 399,165 385,090 5,735 1,690 6,640 6,585
Physical and life sciences and technologies 86,425 82,960 1,495 610 1,360 1,800
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 36,760 35,720 590 275 175 730
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 19,025 18,460 250 80 240 285
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciencesFootnote 126 830 805 25 0 0 30
40. Physical sciences 26,370 24,675 580 230 885 695
41. Science technologies/technicians 3,440 3,295 55 20 65 70
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 80,065 77,165 1,125 530 1,240 1,390
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 62,795 60,850 895 390 660 1,090
25. Library science 5,560 5,400 75 30 60 85
27. Mathematics and statistics 10,875 10,115 135 100 520 190
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciencesFootnote 127 840 805 20 10 10 25
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies 427,670 413,220 6,490 1,615 6,345 7,300
04. Architecture and related services 15,490 14,695 225 155 410 305
14. Engineering 98,450 92,455 1,480 1,005 3,510 1,985
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields 68,500 66,310 1,065 130 990 1,130
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 90 85 0 0 10 0
46. Construction trades 100,765 98,525 1,570 140 535 1,635
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 97,720 95,610 1,430 120 555 1,485
48. Precision production 46,665 45,535 720 70 340 750
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 50,210 48,655 900 130 525 965
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences 24,950 24,035 405 85 425 450
03. Natural resources and conservation 25,260 24,620 490 40 105 515
Health and related fields 322,710 314,975 3,930 995 2,810 4,425
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies 23,745 23,065 355 70 250 395
51. Health professions and related programs 290,645 283,995 3,415 830 2,405 3,825
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs 8,325 7,915 160 100 155 205
Personal, protective and transportation services 122,855 118,830 2,455 210 1,360 2,560
12. Personal and culinary services 79,740 76,985 1,475 145 1,140 1,550
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 320 295 15 10 10 20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 1,235 1,110 80 0 45 85
43. Security and protective services 13,935 13,540 345 15 40 350
49. Transportation and materials moving 27,620 26,905 535 55 125 560
Other 350 330 10 15 0 20
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other 350 330 15 10 0 20
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 128 3,870,375 3,672,155 51,375 13,785 133,060 58,270
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 1,740,205 1,613,390 18,060 4,910 103,845 20,515
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeFootnote 129 2,130,175 2,058,770 33,315 8,870 29,215 37,750
Location of study inside Canada 1,625,550 1,592,880 27,280 3,855 1,540 29,205
Same as province or territory of residence 1,243,905 1,229,085 10,725 2,645 1,450 12,050
Different than province or territory of residence 381,640 363,790 16,550 1,210 90 17,160
Location of study outside CanadaFootnote 130 504,625 465,890 6,035 5,020 27,680 8,550
United StatesFootnote 131 74,035 72,870 720 300 145 870
Philippines 56,845 56,730 25 25 65 35
India 44,110 42,500 30 60 1,525 60
United KingdomFootnote 132 58,830 58,340 305 130 50 375
ChinaFootnote 133 61,840 44,560 30 180 17,065 125
France 4,385 920 3,065 390 15 3,260
Other 204,585 189,985 1,860 3,930 8,810 3,825
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample dataFootnote 134 3,870,375 3,672,155 51,375 13,780 133,065 not applicable ...
In the labour force 2,471,665 2,389,605 32,510 8,385 41,165 not applicable ...
Employed 2,305,690 2,231,610 30,165 7,650 36,260 not applicable ...
Unemployed 165,975 157,995 2,340 735 4,905 not applicable ...
Not in the labour force 1,398,710 1,282,550 18,865 5,400 91,895 not applicable ...
Participation rate 63.9 65.1 63.3 60.8 30.9 not applicable ...
Employment rate 59.6 60.8 58.7 55.5 27.2 not applicable ...
Unemployment rate 6.7 6.6 7.2 8.8 11.9 not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample dataFootnote 135 3,870,380 3,672,155 51,375 13,785 133,060 58,265
Did not workFootnote 136 1,290,235 1,178,260 17,360 4,975 89,645 19,845
Worked 2,580,140 2,493,900 34,015 8,810 43,415 38,420
Worked full year, full timeFootnote 137 1,183,405 1,152,010 15,375 3,095 12,920 16,925
Worked part year and/or part timeFootnote 138 1,396,735 1,341,885 18,640 5,710 30,495 21,500
Average weeks worked in reference year 41.8 41.9 41.7 38.1 37.6 not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample dataFootnote 139 2,670,700 2,580,070 35,020 9,355 46,250 39,700
a.Management 292,135 282,030 4,030 855 5,225 4,455
00 Senior management occupations 29,470 28,180 465 115 715 515
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations 91,145 88,540 1,395 305 900 1,550
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services 103,550 99,920 1,275 265 2,085 1,410
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities 67,975 65,390 890 170 1,530 975
b.Professional 461,785 449,595 7,835 2,465 1,890 9,070
11 Professional occupations in business and finance 86,015 84,070 980 340 620 1,155
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences 95,385 92,525 1,630 810 415 2,035
30 Professional occupations in nursing 43,495 43,090 325 65 20 355
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing) 38,820 37,920 705 160 25 790
40 Professional occupations in education services 91,500 88,235 2,455 600 205 2,755
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services 69,895 68,360 1,000 275 255 1,145
51 Professional occupations in art and culture 36,680 35,390 740 210 335 845
c.Technical and paraprofessional 271,935 264,935 4,565 1,135 1,290 5,135
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences 77,355 75,480 1,250 300 325 1,400
32 Technical occupations in health 46,720 45,815 490 145 275 560
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services 57,855 56,510 700 325 315 865
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services 19,495 18,660 800 30 10 820
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 70,510 68,475 1,320 340 375 1,490
d.Administration and administrative support 320,540 313,835 3,660 1,085 1,965 4,200
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations 126,565 123,645 1,785 445 695 2,000
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations 33,735 33,105 330 120 180 390
14 Office support occupations 117,210 114,950 1,095 420 740 1,305
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations 43,035 42,135 450 105 340 505
e.Sales 271,580 264,435 2,300 1,060 3,780 2,830
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations 62,450 61,175 600 185 495 690
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade 127,120 123,785 1,150 540 1,640 1,425
66 Sales support occupations 82,010 79,485 545 335 1,645 715
f.Personal and customer information services 502,650 480,500 6,010 1,690 14,450 6,860
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services 45,100 44,445 330 125 200 390
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations 56,530 54,520 770 160 1,075 850
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations 95,175 88,165 1,215 330 5,465 1,380
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations 144,330 139,195 2,045 570 2,520 2,330
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c. 161,525 154,180 1,655 505 5,185 1,905
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades 211,515 205,205 2,980 360 2,970 3,155
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades 143,175 138,315 2,170 270 2,425 2,305
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades 68,335 66,895 810 95 545 855
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction 179,130 173,255 1,980 395 3,495 2,180
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers 43,425 41,975 385 120 945 445
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations 98,775 96,135 1,140 210 1,290 1,245
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations 36,930 35,140 460 70 1,260 490
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations 75,130 68,375 1,000 100 5,655 1,050
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production 18,805 18,180 275 20 335 280
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production 24,630 21,320 280 35 2,990 300
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers 31,700 28,875 445 45 2,335 470
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities 84,290 77,900 645 210 5,535 755
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators 14,420 14,155 135 20 115 140
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers 26,700 24,340 240 85 2,045 280
95 Assemblers in manufacturing 13,300 12,505 120 40 635 140
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities 29,870 26,905 160 65 2,745 190
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample dataFootnote 140 2,670,700 2,580,070 35,020 9,355 46,255 39,700
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 74,915 67,945 965 170 5,830 1,050
111 - 112 FarmsFootnote 141 43,460 37,535 450 130 5,345 515
113 Forestry and logging 18,435 18,090 290 20 35 300
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping 5,200 4,925 40 10 230 45
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry 7,825 7,395 180 15 225 190
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 28,640 28,105 420 40 70 445
211 Oil and gas extraction 6,485 6,335 110 25 20 120
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas) 11,135 10,925 155 20 30 165
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction 11,020 10,840 155 0 15 155
22 Utilities 13,215 13,045 115 30 25 135
221 Utilities 13,220 13,050 120 30 25 130
23 Construction 217,700 209,805 2,945 465 4,485 3,180
236 Construction of buildings 68,150 65,290 980 175 1,705 1,070
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction 22,125 21,665 280 25 150 295
238 Specialty trade contractors 127,430 122,850 1,680 260 2,635 1,815
31-33 Manufacturing 169,995 161,255 1,880 595 6,265 2,175
311 Food manufacturing 27,310 24,425 245 130 2,515 315
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing 5,665 5,520 90 10 45 90
313 Textile mills 425 345 0 0 70 0
314 Textile product mills 1,180 1,105 10 0 65 10
315 Clothing manufacturing 3,205 2,245 15 15 930 20
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing 240 225 0 0 10 0
321 Wood product manufacturing 27,645 26,880 240 35 495 255
322 Paper manufacturing 9,660 9,470 145 10 45 150
323 Printing and related support activities 6,225 6,000 75 10 135 80
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing 1,335 1,290 25 0 15 20
325 Chemical manufacturing 6,345 6,085 65 75 115 105
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing 5,585 5,330 40 10 200 50
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing 6,945 6,725 85 15 120 95
331 Primary metal manufacturing 5,925 5,735 120 20 55 130
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing 13,695 13,245 155 50 240 180
333 Machinery manufacturing 9,695 9,345 95 50 205 125
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing 7,285 7,020 95 65 110 125
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing 3,260 3,145 40 15 60 45
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing 9,930 9,645 160 40 85 175
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing 9,135 8,585 75 10 470 80
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing 9,310 8,885 95 50 280 120
41 Wholesale trade 87,920 84,260 870 305 2,490 1,025
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers 1,210 1,125 10 0 80 0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers 840 830 15 0 0 15
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers 18,170 16,890 130 55 1,095 160
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers 11,300 10,720 180 65 340 210
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers 5,275 5,205 40 0 20 45
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers 16,060 15,595 125 20 315 135
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers 19,650 19,265 210 85 80 255
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers 10,610 10,155 115 50 295 135
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers 4,810 4,470 55 25 265 65
44-45 Retail trade 314,035 305,240 2,790 1,165 4,845 3,375
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers 33,220 32,710 255 55 200 280
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores 12,060 11,590 180 50 245 205
443 Electronics and appliance stores 12,005 11,735 125 65 85 155
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers 20,445 20,040 205 40 160 225
445 Food and beverage stores 79,275 76,105 480 195 2,495 580
446 Health and personal care stores 31,280 30,560 225 170 325 310
447 Gasoline stations 9,025 8,870 50 25 80 60
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores 37,885 36,705 455 275 445 595
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores 15,410 15,045 205 45 120 225
452 General merchandise stores 32,060 31,445 275 130 200 345
453 Miscellaneous store retailers 19,980 19,460 185 60 280 215
454 Non-store retailers 11,390 10,985 150 45 205 175
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 138,250 134,605 1,915 400 1,340 2,115
481 Air transportation 12,810 12,265 460 50 30 485
482 Rail transportation 4,895 4,770 100 0 20 105
483 Water transportation 7,620 7,520 80 0 15 85
484 Truck transportation 35,810 34,775 370 55 610 395
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation 20,525 20,030 270 90 135 315
486 Pipeline transportation 350 350 0 0 0 0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation 1,360 1,320 20 10 15 25
488 Support activities for transportation 26,520 25,960 320 90 150 365
491 Postal service 9,525 9,310 165 15 30 175
492 Couriers and messengers 9,665 9,420 95 25 130 110
493 Warehousing and storage 9,170 8,890 30 55 190 60
51 Information and cultural industries 72,740 70,905 1,230 265 345 1,360
511 Publishing industries (except Internet) 14,670 14,200 245 55 170 275
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries 24,550 23,815 580 90 70 620
515 Broadcasting (except Internet) 3,940 3,775 130 0 30 135
517 Telecommunications 19,780 19,475 185 55 60 210
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services 2,140 2,095 30 10 10 30
519 Other information services 7,665 7,545 60 55 0 90
52 Finance and insurance 100,265 97,930 1,025 420 885 1,230
521 Monetary authorities - central bank 10 0 0 0 0 0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities 44,915 44,175 380 180 180 470
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities 19,720 18,915 175 110 520 230
524 Insurance carriers and related activities 35,160 34,395 465 115 185 525
526 Funds and other financial vehicles 460 440 0 15 10 10
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 60,725 59,000 640 165 925 720
531 Real estate 53,095 51,520 550 145 880 625
532 Rental and leasing services 7,435 7,285 80 15 45 90
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works) 200 190 10 0 0 0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 214,385 208,765 3,000 1,155 1,460 3,575
541 Professional, scientific and technical services 214,385 208,765 3,000 1,160 1,460 3,580
55 Management of companies and enterprises 4,675 4,545 50 20 55 65
551 Management of companies and enterprises 4,680 4,545 50 25 55 60
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 122,670 117,440 1,780 515 2,940 2,040
561 Administrative and support services 115,555 110,430 1,745 500 2,875 1,995
562 Waste management and remediation services 7,120 7,010 35 15 65 40
61 Educational services 192,030 185,985 4,155 1,110 775 4,710
611 Educational services 192,025 185,980 4,155 1,110 780 4,710
62 Health care and social assistance 292,360 286,875 3,210 825 1,450 3,625
621 Ambulatory health care services 107,745 105,600 1,200 380 560 1,395
622 Hospitals 82,675 81,570 845 170 105 925
623 Nursing and residential care facilities 43,775 43,055 430 90 195 475
624 Social assistance 58,165 56,650 735 190 590 830
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 68,085 66,580 985 200 325 1,085
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries 23,040 22,425 360 80 175 400
712 Heritage institutions 4,825 4,710 95 10 10 100
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries 40,220 39,440 530 110 140 585
72 Accommodation and food services 235,515 223,415 2,615 825 8,655 3,030
721 Accommodation services 40,935 39,500 720 155 560 800
722 Food services and drinking places 194,585 183,920 1,895 670 8,095 2,230
81 Other services (except public administration) 124,835 120,095 1,470 285 2,985 1,610
811 Repair and maintenance 35,980 34,875 440 60 605 470
812 Personal and laundry services 42,295 40,380 440 100 1,380 490
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations 32,730 31,740 470 105 415 520
814 Private households 13,825 13,105 120 15 585 130
91 Public administration 137,730 134,270 2,955 410 95 3,155
911 Federal government public administration 53,300 50,915 2,105 225 60 2,215
912 Provincial and territorial public administration 33,750 33,340 345 60 10 375
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration 44,475 43,880 465 110 20 520
914 Aboriginal public administration 5,735 5,705 25 10 0 30
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration 465 435 10 0 10 15
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 142 2,305,695 2,231,610 30,165 7,650 36,260 33,995
Worked at home 196,505 189,775 3,060 715 2,960 3,420
Worked outside Canada 16,040 13,540 195 115 2,190 255
No fixed workplace address 326,175 313,425 4,620 860 7,270 5,050
Worked at usual place 1,766,965 1,714,875 22,295 5,955 23,845 25,270
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample dataFootnote 143 2,670,700 2,580,075 35,020 9,355 46,250 39,695
English 2,531,855 2,485,165 30,300 7,950 8,435 34,275
French 6,135 2,895 3,060 185 0 3,145
Non-official language 84,505 48,960 105 380 35,060 290
Aboriginal 260 245 10 0 0 10
Non-Aboriginal 84,250 48,715 95 380 35,060 280
English and French 4,210 2,380 1,410 405 10 1,615
English and non-official language 43,480 40,340 65 335 2,735 235
French and non-official language 55 35 10 10 0 10
English, French and non-official language 465 295 80 95 0 120
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample DataFootnote 144 2,670,700 2,580,070 35,020 9,355 46,255 39,695
None 2,498,070 2,429,150 24,500 7,385 37,025 28,195
English 36,505 28,885 2,175 365 5,080 2,360
French 22,465 14,050 7,835 570 10 8,120
Non-official language 110,370 105,300 260 850 3,960 690
Aboriginal 1,860 1,850 15 0 0 10
Non-Aboriginal 108,515 103,455 250 845 3,965 675
English and French 60 35 0 15 10 10
English and non-official language 1,155 955 25 10 165 30
French and non-official language 2,070 1,695 210 165 0 295
English, French and non-official language 0 10 0 0 0 0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data 1,766,965 1,714,875 22,290 5,955 23,840 25,265
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence 864,410 837,690 11,195 2,620 12,915 12,500
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence 807,835 785,020 9,755 3,075 9,985 11,295
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence 81,750 79,675 1,025 175 875 1,115
Commute to a different province or territory 12,960 12,490 315 85 75 360
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataFootnote 145 2,093,145 2,028,295 26,910 6,815 31,115 30,320
Car, truck, van - as a driver 1,475,585 1,437,220 17,445 3,290 17,625 19,090
Car, truck, van - as a passenger 114,575 107,740 1,185 410 5,240 1,390
Public transit 274,210 262,555 3,675 2,095 5,885 4,715
Walked 142,315 137,685 2,310 620 1,700 2,620
Bicycle 51,345 49,280 1,575 280 215 1,710
Other method 35,115 33,815 730 120 450 790
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataFootnote 146 2,093,140 2,028,295 26,915 6,815 31,115 30,320
Less than 15 minutes 601,950 587,700 7,740 1,340 5,175 8,405
15 to 29 minutes 689,520 668,315 9,075 2,120 10,015 10,135
30 to 44 minutes 425,680 409,255 5,205 1,570 9,650 5,990
45 to 59 minutes 184,685 178,785 2,410 840 2,650 2,830
60 minutes and over 191,310 184,250 2,480 950 3,630 2,960
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataFootnote 147 2,093,140 2,028,300 26,915 6,815 31,115 30,320
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m. 142,365 138,230 1,810 300 2,025 1,960
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m. 342,500 332,655 4,705 710 4,435 5,055
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m. 526,480 511,720 7,785 1,665 5,310 8,620
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m. 470,205 456,085 6,370 1,770 5,985 7,255
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m. 292,185 278,790 3,150 1,190 9,065 3,740
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m. 319,400 310,825 3,105 1,180 4,290 3,695
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample dataFootnote 148 4,516,810 4,297,220 55,050 17,610 146,935 63,850
Non-movers 3,811,370 3,631,785 44,835 14,290 120,465 51,980
Movers 705,440 665,435 10,215 3,320 26,475 11,875
Non-migrants 386,615 368,455 4,590 1,560 12,015 5,365
Migrants 318,825 296,980 5,625 1,760 14,455 6,505
Internal migrants 249,965 239,680 4,645 1,185 4,450 5,240
Intraprovincial migrants 188,220 181,770 2,175 705 3,570 2,525
Interprovincial migrants 61,740 57,910 2,470 480 880 2,710
External migrants 68,865 57,305 980 570 10,005 1,270
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample dataFootnote 149 4,339,960 4,132,735 53,975 17,305 135,940 62,630
Non-movers 2,490,535 2,379,945 28,075 8,860 73,660 32,510
Movers 1,849,420 1,752,795 25,900 8,445 62,285 30,120
Non-migrants 940,890 900,395 10,555 3,375 26,565 12,245
Migrants 908,530 852,405 15,340 5,070 35,720 17,875
Internal migrants 672,805 649,060 12,725 2,595 8,415 14,025
Intraprovincial migrants 503,685 489,510 5,725 1,535 6,920 6,495
Interprovincial migrants 169,115 159,555 7,000 1,065 1,500 7,530
External migrants 235,730 203,340 2,615 2,470 27,305 3,850

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

..

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

x

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

F

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

'Immigrant status' refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

'Period of immigration' refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

Non-permanent residents and immigrants who landed between 2015 and 2016 are included in the 'Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration.' The categories for 'Non-permanent residents' and period of immigration '2015 to 2016' are not presented elsewhere in this table with income as they may not have a complete year of applicable income. The income data for the 2016 Census of Population are for the year 2015.

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit, or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Return to footnote 40 referrer

Footnote 41

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 41 referrer

Footnote 42

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 44 referrer

Footnote 45

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Return to footnote 45 referrer

Footnote 46

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 46 referrer

Footnote 47

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 47 referrer

Footnote 48

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Return to footnote 48 referrer

Footnote 49

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Return to footnote 49 referrer

Footnote 50

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Return to footnote 50 referrer

Footnote 51

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Return to footnote 51 referrer

Footnote 52

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Return to footnote 52 referrer

Footnote 53

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Return to footnote 53 referrer

Footnote 54

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Return to footnote 54 referrer

Footnote 55

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Return to footnote 55 referrer

Footnote 56

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Return to footnote 56 referrer

Footnote 57

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Return to footnote 57 referrer

Footnote 58

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 58 referrer

Footnote 59

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Return to footnote 59 referrer

Footnote 60

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Return to footnote 60 referrer

Footnote 61

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Return to footnote 61 referrer

Footnote 62

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Return to footnote 62 referrer

Footnote 63

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Return to footnote 63 referrer

Footnote 64

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Return to footnote 64 referrer

Footnote 65

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Return to footnote 65 referrer

Footnote 66

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Return to footnote 66 referrer

Footnote 67

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Return to footnote 67 referrer

Footnote 68

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Return to footnote 68 referrer

Footnote 69

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Return to footnote 69 referrer

Footnote 70

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Return to footnote 70 referrer

Footnote 71

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 71 referrer

Footnote 72

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Return to footnote 72 referrer

Footnote 73

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Return to footnote 73 referrer

Footnote 74

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Return to footnote 74 referrer

Footnote 75

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 75 referrer

Footnote 76

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Return to footnote 76 referrer

Footnote 77

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Return to footnote 77 referrer

Footnote 78

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Return to footnote 78 referrer

Footnote 79

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Return to footnote 79 referrer

Footnote 80

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Return to footnote 80 referrer

Footnote 81

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Return to footnote 81 referrer

Footnote 82

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 82 referrer

Footnote 83

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Return to footnote 83 referrer

Footnote 84

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Return to footnote 84 referrer

Footnote 85

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Return to footnote 85 referrer

Footnote 86

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Return to footnote 86 referrer

Footnote 87

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Return to footnote 87 referrer

Footnote 88

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Return to footnote 88 referrer

Footnote 89

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Return to footnote 89 referrer

Footnote 90

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 90 referrer

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Return to footnote 91 referrer

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Return to footnote 92 referrer

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Return to footnote 93 referrer

Footnote 94

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Return to footnote 94 referrer

Footnote 95

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 95 referrer

Footnote 96

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Return to footnote 96 referrer

Footnote 97

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 97 referrer

Footnote 98

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Return to footnote 98 referrer

Footnote 99

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 99 referrer

Footnote 100

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Return to footnote 100 referrer

Footnote 101

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 101 referrer

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Return to footnote 102 referrer

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Return to footnote 103 referrer

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Return to footnote 104 referrer

Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Return to footnote 105 referrer

Footnote 106

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 106 referrer

Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Return to footnote 107 referrer

Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 108 referrer

Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Return to footnote 109 referrer

Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 110 referrer

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Return to footnote 111 referrer

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Return to footnote 112 referrer

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Return to footnote 113 referrer

Footnote 114

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Return to footnote 114 referrer

Footnote 115

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 115 referrer

Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Return to footnote 116 referrer

Footnote 117

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Return to footnote 117 referrer

Footnote 118

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Return to footnote 118 referrer

Footnote 119

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Return to footnote 119 referrer

Footnote 120

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Return to footnote 120 referrer

Footnote 121

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Return to footnote 121 referrer

Footnote 122

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Return to footnote 122 referrer

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Return to footnote 122 referrer

Footnote 123

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Return to footnote 123 referrer

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Return to footnote 124 referrer

Footnote 125

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Return to footnote 125 referrer

Footnote 126

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Return to footnote 126 referrer

Footnote 127

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Return to footnote 127 referrer

Footnote 128

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Return to footnote 128 referrer

Footnote 129

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Return to footnote 129 referrer

Footnote 130

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Return to footnote 130 referrer

Footnote 131

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Return to footnote 131 referrer

Footnote 132

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Return to footnote 132 referrer

Footnote 133

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Return to footnote 133 referrer

Footnote 134

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Return to footnote 134 referrer

Footnote 135

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Return to footnote 135 referrer

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Return to footnote 136 referrer

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Return to footnote 137 referrer

Footnote 138

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Return to footnote 138 referrer

Footnote 139

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Return to footnote 139 referrer

Footnote 140

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Return to footnote 140 referrer

Footnote 141

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Return to footnote 141 referrer

Footnote 142

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Return to footnote 142 referrer

Footnote 143

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 143 referrer

Footnote 144

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 144 referrer

Footnote 145

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Return to footnote 145 referrer

Footnote 146

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Return to footnote 146 referrer

Footnote 147

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Return to footnote 147 referrer

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 148 referrer

Footnote 149

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 149 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016351.

Date modified: