Data tables, 2016 Census

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981), Mother Tongue (4), Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (10), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

Data table

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Geography Geographic index

Immigrant status and period of immigration (10)^{Footnote 1}

Age (8B)

Sex (3)

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , mother tongue , immigrant status and period of immigration , age and sex for the population in private households in British Columbia / Colombie-Britannique
Data quality
Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981)	Mother tongue (4)
	Total - Mother tongue^Footnote 2	English	French	English and French
Population in private households - 25% sample data	4,560,235	3,228,515	59,000	11,500
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	4,560,240	3,228,515	59,005	11,505
0 to 14 years	689,860	561,440	3,750	2,915
0 to 4 years	220,280	178,220	1,240	880
5 to 9 years	236,220	194,425	1,400	1,030
10 to 14 years	233,365	188,795	1,110	1,010
15 to 64 years	3,074,965	2,130,205	39,970	7,270
15 to 19 years	257,280	193,650	1,245	1,005
20 to 24 years	284,710	205,055	2,095	890
25 to 29 years	300,130	211,960	3,365	1,020
30 to 34 years	310,940	215,220	4,205	870
35 to 39 years	290,930	195,050	4,245	700
40 to 44 years	292,110	190,990	4,185	515
45 to 49 years	318,735	207,115	4,110	590
50 to 54 years	350,215	235,975	5,050	605
55 to 59 years	350,235	247,055	5,775	475
60 to 64 years	319,685	228,130	5,685	600
65 years and over	795,415	536,870	15,275	1,320
65 to 69 years	282,585	201,815	5,045	465
70 to 74 years	198,710	139,165	3,955	295
75 to 79 years	139,995	88,505	2,925	255
80 to 84 years	96,365	58,395	1,900	205
85 years and over	77,750	48,980	1,455	100
85 to 89 years	53,675	33,515	1,060	75
90 to 94 years	19,685	12,680	335	20
95 to 99 years	3,875	2,520	50	10
100 years and over	515	270	10	0
Average age	41.8	40.5	50.0	33.6
Median age	42.5	40.8	52.4	29.4
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 3}	3,870,375	2,667,075	55,245	8,585
Married or living common law	2,276,810	1,504,635	33,970	4,040
Married	1,905,060	1,191,150	24,980	2,820
Living common law	371,750	313,485	8,990	1,225
Not married and not living common law	1,593,565	1,162,440	21,275	4,540
Never married	1,054,140	781,145	11,410	3,400
Separated	102,080	74,740	1,630	235
Divorced	253,780	190,515	4,825	590
Widowed	183,560	116,045	3,415	315
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 4}	3,870,375	2,667,070	55,245	8,585
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,727,715	2,572,520	54,355	8,075
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,616	49,288	49,840	43,443
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,983	36,566	36,817	31,141
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,732,420	2,575,255	54,445	8,075
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,922	40,719	41,127	36,207
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,755	32,644	32,692	28,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,362,835	2,358,450	49,170	7,250
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,933	48,050	48,102	42,908
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,542	34,392	34,196	29,112
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,628,230	1,768,650	38,860	5,905
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,207	7,616	8,855	6,694
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,594	5,658	8,205	3,034
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,775,010	1,977,735	39,495	6,350
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,339	45,263	46,744	38,812
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,707	33,413	35,271	27,635
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^{Footnote 5}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Footnote 6}	88.9	89.4	87.3	88.7
Employment income (%)^{Footnote 7}	70.7	70.6	68.1	70.3
Government transfers (%)^{Footnote 8}	11.1	10.6	12.7	11.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 9}	3,870,380	2,667,075	55,250	8,590
Without total income	142,665	94,560	890	515
With total income	3,727,715	2,572,515	54,360	8,070
Percentage with total income	96.3	96.5	98.4	93.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	572,610	343,365	5,675	1,300
$10,000 to $19,999	654,905	412,125	9,200	1,515
$20,000 to $29,999	505,255	336,720	7,885	1,105
$30,000 to $39,999	423,275	292,905	6,590	945
$40,000 to $49,999	365,170	261,385	5,335	870
$50,000 to $59,999	286,095	212,285	4,230	520
$60,000 to $69,999	222,170	168,955	3,550	385
$70,000 to $79,999	171,785	132,540	2,910	345
$80,000 to $89,999	135,310	105,335	2,435	305
$90,000 to $99,999	96,835	75,705	1,600	240
$100,000 and over	294,300	231,220	4,945	540
$100,000 to $149,999	198,355	155,275	3,310	355
$150,000 and over	95,945	75,945	1,635	180
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 10}	3,870,380	2,667,075	55,245	8,585
Without after-tax income	137,960	91,815	800	510
With after-tax income	3,732,420	2,575,255	54,445	8,075
Percentage with after-tax income	96.4	96.6	98.6	94.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	596,435	359,050	6,130	1,365
$10,000 to $19,999	688,395	434,560	9,700	1,555
$20,000 to $29,999	594,325	400,205	9,130	1,365
$30,000 to $39,999	494,690	347,790	7,625	1,130
$40,000 to $49,999	402,515	294,735	5,895	790
$50,000 to $59,999	291,890	221,440	4,775	540
$60,000 to $69,999	210,300	162,630	3,560	385
$70,000 to $79,999	151,860	118,585	2,590	365
$80,000 and over	302,010	236,260	5,045	585
$80,000 to $89,999	94,850	73,645	1,600	185
$90,000 to $99,999	59,650	46,535	925	105
$100,000 and over	147,510	116,080	2,515	290
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 11}	3,870,380	2,667,075	55,245	8,585
Without employment income	1,095,365	689,340	15,755	2,235
With employment income	2,775,010	1,977,730	39,490	6,350
Percentage with employment income	71.7	74.2	71.5	74.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	440,080	324,915	7,025	1,015
$5,000 to $9,999	212,775	144,765	2,330	540
$10,000 to $19,999	371,850	246,480	4,445	1,070
$20,000 to $29,999	310,265	205,205	4,005	675
$30,000 to $39,999	282,735	191,495	3,715	650
$40,000 to $49,999	253,580	175,750	3,395	615
$50,000 to $59,999	203,580	148,695	2,980	395
$60,000 to $69,999	163,060	122,470	2,470	305
$70,000 to $79,999	133,790	102,430	2,205	240
$80,000 and over	403,290	315,515	6,915	845
$80,000 to $89,999	106,945	82,750	1,875	250
$90,000 to $99,999	76,030	59,445	1,225	195
$100,000 and over	220,315	173,325	3,815	405
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 12}	3,870,380	2,667,070	55,245	8,590
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 13}	1,147,070	842,200	15,885	2,330
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Footnote 14}	53,940	56,227	59,813	51,001
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Footnote 15}	64,625	66,913	68,818	60,607
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 16}	4,560,235	3,228,515	59,000	11,505
English only	4,092,905	3,022,415	5,765	2,565
French only	1,750	145	1,025	55
English and French	312,475	203,990	52,155	8,860
Neither English nor French	153,110	1,965	60	20
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 17}	4,560,240	3,228,515	59,000	11,500
English	3,601,105	3,132,940	40,745	8,520
French	16,485	1,080	14,155	345
Non-official language	714,820	28,545	630	320
Aboriginal	1,590	515	10	0
Non-Aboriginal	713,235	28,030	620	320
English and French	6,115	1,780	2,555	1,435
English and non-official language	218,260	63,325	345	410
French and non-official language	625	35	220	15
English, French and non-official language	2,830	810	360	450
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 18}	4,560,235	3,228,515	59,000	11,505
None	3,900,535	3,101,755	34,830	8,150
English	272,245	15,740	8,435	375
French	40,650	22,535	13,920	2,175
Non-official language	336,760	86,640	1,190	480
Aboriginal	7,810	5,000	30	0
Non-Aboriginal	328,950	81,635	1,160	475
English and French	1,125	75	60	60
English and non-official language	5,210	355	180	10
French and non-official language	3,575	1,420	385	250
English, French and non-official language	140	0	10	0
Total - First official language spoken for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 19}	4,560,240	3,228,515	59,000	11,505
English	4,336,080	3,228,365	5,765	9,050
French	55,320	145	53,240	380
English and French	17,775	0	0	2,075
Neither English nor French	151,065	0	0	0
Official language minority (number)^{Footnote 20}	64,205	145	53,240	1,415
Official language minority (percentage)^{Footnote 21}	1.4	0.0	90.2	12.3
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 22}	4,560,240	3,228,515	59,000	11,505
Official languages	4,407,130	3,226,555	58,940	11,485
English	4,405,380	3,226,410	57,915	11,425
French	314,225	204,140	53,175	8,920
Non-official languages	1,546,550	310,610	9,815	3,045
Aboriginal languages	17,190	10,380	95	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,529,635	300,415	9,725	3,025
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 23}	4,560,240	3,228,515	59,005	11,500
Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 24}	270,585	257,145	3,815	1,105
Single Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 25}	263,545	250,410	3,650	1,045
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Footnote 26}	172,520	163,370	750	390
Métis	89,405	85,550	2,870	645
Inuk (Inuit)	1,615	1,485	30	15
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 27}	4,345	4,185	90	55
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Footnote 28}	2,695	2,560	70	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	4,289,655	2,971,365	55,190	10,400
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 29}	4,560,235	3,228,515	59,000	11,500
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Footnote 30}	135,840	127,190	540	290
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	4,424,400	3,101,325	58,460	11,210
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 31}	4,560,240	3,228,515	59,005	11,505
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 32}	91,710	84,170	605	135
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 33}	90,390	82,940	580	120
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Footnote 34}	79,880	72,995	245	80
Métis single ancestry	10,080	9,585	320	45
Inuit single ancestry	430	360	15	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Footnote 35}	1,320	1,230	20	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	1,175	1,105	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	100	90	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	45	35	15	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 36}	211,095	202,835	5,150	1,245
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 37}	201,895	194,035	4,890	1,190
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	130,015	125,330	2,490	625
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	70,175	67,070	2,375	555
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,700	1,635	25	10
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 38}	9,200	8,800	260	60
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	8,865	8,475	250	55
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	165	150	10	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	130	125	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	50	45	0	10
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 39}	4,257,425	2,941,515	53,250	10,115
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 40}	4,560,235	3,228,510	59,000	11,505
Canadian citizens^{Footnote 41}	4,138,300	3,128,020	55,680	11,150
Canadian citizens only	3,924,715	3,030,845	51,745	10,190
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	213,580	97,175	3,930	960
Not Canadian citizens^{Footnote 42}	421,940	100,490	3,325	355
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 43}	4,560,240	3,228,510	59,000	11,500
Non-immigrants^{Footnote 44}	3,167,160	2,869,900	48,065	10,010
Immigrants^{Footnote 45}	1,292,670	335,185	9,655	1,360
Before 1981	356,155	160,710	3,420	355
1981 to 1990	152,225	35,220	1,085	170
1991 to 2000	287,505	45,235	1,575	230
2001 to 2010	321,240	60,840	2,225	440
2001 to 2005	147,735	25,575	970	200
2006 to 2010	173,505	35,265	1,255	240
2011 to 2016^{Footnote 46}	175,555	33,185	1,345	165
Non-permanent residents^{Footnote 47}	100,410	23,430	1,275	140
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 48}	1,292,670	335,185	9,660	1,360
Under 5 years	112,670	58,680	940	375
5 to 14 years	212,710	71,155	1,390	335
15 to 24 years	279,495	68,535	2,090	200
25 to 44 years	537,500	116,850	4,645	375
45 years and over	150,305	19,965	585	75
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 49}	1,292,675	335,185	9,660	1,360
Americas	110,845	66,955	610	120
Brazil	3,800	340	10	0
Colombia	3,915	255	10	0
El Salvador	5,425	325	30	0
Guyana	1,305	1,230	0	0
Haiti	565	220	175	10
Jamaica	3,500	3,365	0	0
Mexico	10,375	710	55	10
Peru	3,265	310	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	2,615	2,540	0	10
United States^{Footnote 50}	57,780	53,775	240	80
Other places of birth in Americas	18,295	3,865	85	20
Europe	319,890	145,560	6,130	420
Bosnia and Herzegovina	4,570	225	0	0
Croatia	5,775	525	15	10
France	5,705	695	4,525	80
Germany	35,045	5,010	100	35
Greece	3,630	240	10	0
Hungary	6,175	425	15	0
Ireland^{Footnote 51}	5,890	5,790	0	0
Italy	15,400	1,225	80	20
Netherlands	18,225	2,635	25	20
Poland	15,115	1,055	15	10
Portugal	8,215	660	25	0
Romania	8,995	615	55	25
Russian Federation	10,915	615	25	10
Serbia^{Footnote 52}	4,480	195	15	0
Ukraine	7,500	475	0	20
United Kingdom^{Footnote 53}	123,815	120,450	110	120
Other places of birth in Europe	40,425	4,725	1,120	65
Africa	42,810	21,030	2,060	315
Algeria	485	10	240	10
Egypt	2,705	600	105	40
Ethiopia	2,070	335	10	0
Kenya	4,705	2,520	20	0
Morocco	985	25	370	30
Nigeria	1,740	1,090	0	10
Somalia	1,085	115	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	13,380	10,180	25	0
Other places of birth in Africa	15,640	6,150	1,290	220
Asia	788,055	84,780	780	475
Afghanistan	5,035	225	10	0
Bangladesh	2,120	320	0	0
China^{Footnote 54}	199,990	8,485	95	55
Hong Kong^{Footnote 55}	74,210	7,040	25	25
India	162,645	16,385	35	50
Iran^{Footnote 56}	37,160	1,930	85	45
Iraq	5,545	440	10	0
Japan	13,365	985	15	10
Korea, South^{Footnote 57}	41,515	2,980	0	15
Lebanon	2,240	260	155	40
Pakistan	10,665	1,975	0	0
Philippines	112,100	25,495	30	65
Sri Lanka	4,585	1,315	0	0
Syria^{Footnote 58}	2,845	145	20	10
Taiwan	38,905	2,065	10	10
Viet Nam	27,875	2,235	135	40
Other places of birth in Asia	47,250	12,505	150	115
Oceania and other places of birth^{Footnote 59}	31,080	16,860	75	20
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 60}	175,555	33,190	1,345	165
Americas	14,550	6,800	60	0
Brazil	1,145	55	0	0
Colombia	575	15	0	0
Cuba	140	0	0	0
Haiti	35	25	0	0
Jamaica	625	580	0	0
Mexico	2,885	140	0	0
United States^{Footnote 61}	6,485	5,675	20	10
Venezuela^{Footnote 62}	275	20	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	2,380	280	30	0
Europe	19,735	8,340	985	45
France	970	35	875	15
Germany	1,450	120	15	0
Ireland^{Footnote 63}	1,435	1,415	0	0
Moldova^{Footnote 64}	240	10	0	0
Romania	690	40	0	10
Russian Federation	1,735	55	0	0
Ukraine	1,230	55	0	0
United Kingdom^{Footnote 65}	6,535	6,335	10	10
Other places of birth in Europe	5,450	280	85	15
Africa	6,200	2,310	245	60
Algeria	60	0	15	0
Cameroon	65	45	20	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	150	25	50	0
Côte d'Ivoire	20	0	15	0
Egypt	630	130	0	10
Eritrea	315	60	0	0
Ethiopia	305	65	0	10
Morocco	210	15	25	10
Nigeria	640	420	0	0
Somalia	360	15	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	1,625	910	0	0
Tunisia	80	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,750	625	110	45
Asia	131,880	13,175	65	55
Afghanistan	870	40	0	0
Bangladesh	470	55	0	0
China^{Footnote 66}	38,105	1,350	10	0
Hong Kong^{Footnote 67}	1,800	345	10	0
India	27,460	3,000	0	0
Iran^{Footnote 68}	8,645	325	0	0
Iraq	1,905	105	0	0
Israel	365	10	0	0
Japan	2,290	185	0	10
Korea, South^{Footnote 69}	8,030	440	0	10
Lebanon	260	20	20	10
Nepal	310	20	0	0
Pakistan	1,960	370	0	0
Philippines	26,685	5,315	10	0
Saudi Arabia	400	85	0	0
Sri Lanka	530	65	0	0
Syria^{Footnote 70}	2,185	45	0	0
Taiwan	2,505	80	0	0
Turkey	390	30	0	0
United Arab Emirates	385	185	0	0
Viet Nam	1,780	150	0	10
Other places of birth in Asia	4,540	960	10	20
Oceania and other^{Footnote 71}	3,185	2,565	0	0
Australia	1,920	1,835	0	0
Other places of birth^{Footnote 72}	1,265	730	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 73}	4,560,240	3,228,515	59,000	11,500
First generation^{Footnote 74}	1,426,450	385,390	11,425	1,695
Second generation^{Footnote 75}	1,043,860	823,650	6,675	3,400
Third generation or more^{Footnote 76}	2,089,925	2,019,475	40,895	6,400
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 77}	955,955	180,180	6,415	1,010
Economic immigrants^{Footnote 78}	537,875	110,505	3,820	700
Principal applicants^{Footnote 79}	209,685	39,485	2,225	205
Secondary applicants^{Footnote 80}	328,190	71,025	1,595	500
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Footnote 81}	323,445	60,215	1,895	185
Refugees^{Footnote 82}	82,355	7,970	600	125
Other immigrants^{Footnote 83}	12,285	1,490	105	0
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 84}	4,560,235	3,228,510	59,000	11,500
Total visible minority population^{Footnote 85}	1,381,240	391,660	4,410	2,470
South Asian^{Footnote 86}	365,705	104,680	520	450
Chinese	508,480	104,830	520	550
Black	43,505	32,295	1,605	325
Filipino	145,030	57,860	75	220
Latin American	44,110	7,195	155	65
Arab	19,840	3,935	535	105
Southeast Asian^{Footnote 87}	54,920	16,340	275	175
West Asian^{Footnote 88}	48,695	5,295	160	125
Korean	60,490	8,760	55	75
Japanese	41,235	20,750	95	105
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Footnote 89}	8,765	5,470	210	70
Multiple visible minorities^{Footnote 90}	40,465	24,260	200	205
Not a visible minority^{Footnote 91}	3,179,000	2,836,850	54,590	9,030
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 92}	4,560,235	3,228,515	59,000	11,505
North American Aboriginal origins	302,810	287,000	5,750	1,390
First Nations (North American Indian)	220,245	208,190	3,000	770
Inuit	2,620	2,440	65	15
Métis	90,515	86,435	2,965	675
Other North American origins	922,690	874,750	22,340	3,915
Acadian	3,935	2,945	840	145
American	78,170	76,345	505	185
Canadian	866,530	821,190	21,055	3,590
New Brunswicker	60	50	10	0
Newfoundlander	1,875	1,860	0	10
Nova Scotian	180	175	0	0
Ontarian	130	115	10	0
Québécois	1,830	1,115	585	130
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 93}	405	370	0	0
European origins	2,857,085	2,513,250	44,940	8,500
British Isles origins	1,926,040	1,899,435	9,595	4,730
Channel Islander	450	445	0	0
Cornish	610	610	0	0
English	1,203,540	1,190,350	3,865	2,480
Irish	675,130	665,855	4,490	1,915
Manx	1,810	1,790	0	0
Scottish	860,775	852,230	3,065	1,985
Welsh	113,905	112,815	255	245
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 94}	122,705	120,490	505	380
French origins	388,820	336,760	38,925	5,270
Alsatian	215	190	10	0
Breton	110	25	70	10
Corsican	100	80	10	0
French	388,575	336,570	38,890	5,265
Western European origins (except French origins)	839,865	733,465	5,480	1,920
Austrian	48,510	41,745	250	135
Bavarian	220	165	10	0
Belgian	19,975	17,235	1,445	175
Dutch	213,670	185,825	670	410
Flemish	2,215	1,980	40	15
Frisian	850	545	0	0
German	603,265	532,290	2,515	1,150
Luxembourger	700	600	35	0
Swiss	31,390	24,950	1,060	245
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 95}	910	840	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	346,525	330,225	645	655
Danish	58,205	52,955	125	165
Finnish	34,150	29,835	55	85
Icelandic	26,410	25,960	40	45
Norwegian	138,430	135,445	190	205
Swedish	110,035	105,890	195	195
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 96}	15,080	14,495	85	35
Eastern European origins	569,260	471,650	2,055	1,325
Bulgarian	4,015	1,395	30	10
Byelorussian	2,765	1,225	0	0
Czech	23,375	16,490	95	65
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 97}	7,970	7,270	40	0
Estonian	4,840	3,930	0	45
Hungarian	56,535	44,320	240	110
Latvian	4,935	4,010	15	25
Lithuanian	7,225	6,240	45	40
Moldovan	1,085	365	0	0
Polish	149,635	124,595	780	420
Romanian	31,250	21,260	160	90
Russian	131,060	103,180	425	255
Slovak	11,220	7,340	70	30
Ukrainian	229,200	209,180	480	520
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 98}	3,555	3,070	10	0
Southern European origins	334,735	232,160	3,790	1,045
Albanian	1,925	570	15	10
Bosnian	3,290	905	10	0
Catalan	120	30	10	0
Croatian	23,840	14,770	80	65
Cypriot	440	325	0	0
Greek	24,460	16,740	190	120
Italian	166,095	132,650	2,250	550
Kosovar	280	70	0	0
Macedonian	1,205	665	0	0
Maltese	2,640	2,350	30	0
Montenegrin	715	150	0	0
Portuguese	41,770	26,500	285	110
Serbian	12,895	4,515	40	15
Sicilian	550	465	30	10
Slovenian	5,550	3,845	30	20
Spanish	64,470	34,465	1,055	270
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 99}	7,080	5,780	50	10
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 100}	395	240	0	0
Other European origins	34,700	28,210	460	180
Basque	840	530	15	10
Jewish	17,585	13,145	215	105
Roma (Gypsy)	800	605	0	15
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Footnote 101}	970	585	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 102}	14,715	13,470	225	60
Caribbean origins	25,010	22,800	410	155
Antiguan	215	215	0	0
Bahamian	250	255	0	0
Barbadian	1,870	1,855	0	10
Bermudan	335	320	0	0
Carib	70	70	0	0
Cuban	1,320	745	10	0
Dominican	740	295	10	0
Grenadian	380	375	0	10
Guadeloupean	15	0	15	0
Haitian	1,140	705	250	20
Jamaican	10,540	10,250	45	45
Kittitian/Nevisian	130	120	0	0
Martinican	25	10	10	0
Montserratan	25	25	0	0
Puerto Rican	570	475	0	10
St. Lucian	190	180	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	4,170	4,060	30	20
Vincentian/Grenadinian	410	410	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 103}	2,125	1,980	30	25
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 104}	1,920	1,815	35	15
Latin, Central and South American origins	69,920	29,690	420	220
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	2,625	1,015	15	15
Arawak	95	90	0	0
Argentinian	2,030	1,040	35	10
Belizean	125	110	0	0
Bolivian	375	170	10	0
Brazilian	5,455	1,835	25	10
Chilean	5,700	2,965	55	10
Colombian	5,860	1,490	20	15
Costa Rican	810	405	0	0
Ecuadorian	1,045	405	10	0
Guatemalan	2,575	980	30	10
Guyanese	1,930	1,865	0	10
Hispanic	1,535	560	10	20
Honduran	1,440	560	0	10
Maya	935	325	0	0
Mexican	23,055	10,400	145	75
Nicaraguan	1,520	660	10	10
Panamanian	330	225	0	0
Paraguayan	895	585	0	0
Peruvian	3,910	1,390	20	15
Salvadorean	6,815	2,210	35	10
Uruguayan	410	195	10	0
Venezuelan	1,905	635	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 105}	3,310	1,440	10	0
African origins	59,985	40,785	2,520	540
Central and West African origins	7,075	4,605	705	85
Akan	35	20	10	0
Angolan	95	35	0	0
Ashanti	85	50	0	0
Beninese	35	10	15	10
Burkinabe	40	25	10	0
Cameroonian	155	80	55	10
Chadian	70	55	10	0
Congolese	810	190	360	35
Edo	85	70	0	0
Ewe	55	25	0	0
Gabonese	10	0	0	0
Gambian	25	25	0	0
Ghanaian	1,600	1,175	0	10
Guinean	130	45	30	0
Ibo	280	210	0	0
Ivorian	105	30	65	0
Liberian	250	235	0	10
Malian	85	35	35	0
Malinké	10	0	10	0
Nigerian	2,615	2,045	15	15
Peulh	20	10	0	0
Senegalese	95	40	40	0
Sierra Leonean	130	95	0	0
Togolese	105	35	40	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	260	180	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 106}	620	365	110	25
North African origins	9,840	4,080	985	175
Algerian	770	225	295	45
Berber	210	35	40	15
Coptic	150	60	0	0
Dinka	45	20	0	0
Egyptian	4,525	2,095	145	25
Libyan	420	110	15	0
Maure	150	80	0	0
Moroccan	2,000	825	365	65
Sudanese	1,225	560	0	0
Tunisian	505	145	80	15
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 107}	215	60	60	10
Southern and East African origins	24,800	16,450	575	205
Afrikaner	710	455	10	10
Amhara	110	25	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Footnote 108}	260	35	80	25
Burundian	215	35	70	20
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	1,055	395	0	10
Ethiopian	2,550	1,025	10	15
Harari	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	1,615	1,125	0	0
Malagasy	105	55	15	10
Mauritian	975	560	225	65
Oromo	140	20	0	0
Rwandan	415	150	85	15
Seychellois	30	20	0	0
Somali	2,290	835	0	0
South African	11,060	9,400	50	30
Tanzanian	495	325	0	0
Tigrian	205	60	0	0
Ugandan	770	535	10	0
Zambian	205	135	0	0
Zimbabwean	850	660	0	0
Zulu	70	75	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 109}	1,840	1,275	30	20
Other African origins	19,210	16,175	375	110
Black, n.o.s.^{Footnote 110}	2,660	2,390	40	10
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 111}	16,740	13,900	365	105
Asian origins	1,312,445	369,085	2,885	2,210
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	99,560	27,105	975	385
Afghan	7,890	1,465	10	20
Arab, n.o.s.^{Footnote 112}	5,660	1,580	150	30
Armenian	3,720	1,575	125	30
Assyrian	545	165	0	0
Azerbaijani	990	115	0	0
Georgian	740	390	10	0
Hazara	55	0	0	0
Iranian	47,980	8,530	185	140
Iraqi	5,575	1,265	15	0
Israeli	2,655	1,515	45	25
Jordanian	780	265	0	0
Kazakh	385	45	0	0
Kurd	2,120	365	0	25
Kuwaiti	125	80	0	0
Kyrgyz	175	25	0	10
Lebanese	7,980	5,175	340	95
Palestinian	2,620	995	30	0
Pashtun	355	50	0	0
Saudi Arabian	980	190	0	0
Syrian	3,955	1,500	75	20
Tajik	255	50	0	0
Tatar	790	100	0	0
Turk	6,350	2,365	90	25
Turkmen	120	20	0	0
Uighur	130	0	0	0
Uzbek	275	35	0	0
Yemeni	300	90	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 113}	2,635	995	25	10
South Asian origins	363,885	107,320	645	525
Bangladeshi	1,840	405	0	0
Bengali	845	240	0	0
Bhutanese	120	25	0	0
East Indian	309,315	91,520	575	440
Goan	485	465	0	0
Gujarati	700	295	0	0
Kashmiri	185	65	0	0
Nepali	1,495	460	0	0
Pakistani	12,580	4,455	35	10
Punjabi	38,725	7,325	0	35
Sinhalese	620	275	0	0
Sri Lankan	5,710	2,815	20	25
Tamil	1,230	495	15	10
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 114}	8,250	2,750	20	10
East and Southeast Asian origins	855,350	239,800	1,310	1,300
Burmese	2,310	790	0	15
Cambodian (Khmer)	3,235	1,270	40	20
Chinese	540,160	129,115	700	720
Filipino	158,210	67,025	115	275
Hmong	130	35	0	0
Indonesian	6,625	3,485	10	0
Japanese	51,150	28,050	105	145
Karen	895	80	0	0
Korean	63,300	10,325	70	60
Laotian	2,530	1,190	40	10
Malaysian	5,055	3,130	10	15
Mongolian	1,500	775	15	10
Singaporean	1,055	870	10	0
Taiwanese	21,460	3,040	0	35
Thai	5,065	1,960	30	10
Tibetan	545	170	0	0
Vietnamese	41,440	12,155	275	160
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 115}	785	340	10	10
Other Asian origins	2,500	1,175	10	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 116}	2,500	1,175	10	10
Oceania origins	41,125	33,690	100	125
Australian	16,240	15,940	35	70
New Zealander	6,565	6,450	0	25
Pacific Islands origins	19,130	12,085	60	30
Fijian	14,140	7,560	30	15
Hawaiian	2,200	2,150	0	10
Maori	1,120	1,075	0	0
Samoan	485	395	10	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 117}	600	515	0	10
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 118}	905	635	25	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 119}	3,870,375	2,667,070	55,250	8,590
No certificate, diploma or degree	601,640	394,705	7,550	1,335
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Footnote 120}	1,138,560	823,815	12,735	2,275
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,130,175	1,448,550	34,960	4,975
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	338,985	264,660	6,500	705
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Footnote 121}	142,940	106,810	2,975	305
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Footnote 122}	196,045	157,845	3,525	400
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	700,945	524,535	11,775	1,715
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	138,010	87,235	2,000	285
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	952,240	572,115	14,685	2,280
Bachelor's degree	622,675	376,340	7,845	1,450
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	69,005	43,505	1,415	220
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	29,115	16,490	435	65
Master's degree	195,825	114,935	4,110	470
Earned doctorate^{Footnote 123}	35,625	20,850	885	80
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 124}	3,870,375	2,667,070	55,245	8,590
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 125}	1,740,200	1,218,525	20,290	3,610
Education	144,100	109,665	3,120	370
13. Education	144,095	109,665	3,125	370
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	98,735	71,180	1,745	370
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	16,970	13,420	350	40
50. Visual and performing arts	81,765	57,750	1,400	325
Humanities	124,600	76,910	2,310	360
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	15,235	5,175	475	55
23. English language and literature/letters	34,710	23,960	305	110
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	35,720	18,835	575	80
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Footnote 126}	590	455	35	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	6,710	5,005	150	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	12,280	9,395	120	15
54. History	15,780	12,025	240	45
55. French language and literature/letters	3,585	2,065	415	50
Social and behavioural sciences and law	245,990	169,220	3,690	710
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	4,115	2,665	90	30
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	23,185	15,495	465	110
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	38,070	26,635	540	60
22. Legal professions and studies	38,505	28,520	530	50
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Footnote 127}	4,330	3,290	80	35
42. Psychology	43,225	32,605	655	125
45. Social sciences	94,565	60,015	1,325	305
Business, management and public administration	426,460	269,865	6,570	705
30.16 Accounting and computer science	775	540	10	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	26,525	21,615	450	40
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	399,160	247,715	6,115	655
Physical and life sciences and technologies	86,420	52,010	1,480	215
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	36,760	24,310	570	95
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	19,025	10,520	255	35
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Footnote 128}	835	410	25	0
40. Physical sciences	26,370	14,400	580	85
41. Science technologies/technicians	3,440	2,370	55	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	80,065	42,220	1,150	175
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	62,795	32,675	920	145
25. Library science	5,560	4,315	75	20
27. Mathematics and statistics	10,875	4,760	135	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Footnote 129}	840	470	20	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	427,670	294,840	7,035	845
04. Architecture and related services	15,485	8,565	245	15
14. Engineering	98,450	38,855	1,510	160
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	68,495	49,175	1,155	170
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	90	75	0	0
46. Construction trades	100,760	82,945	1,750	200
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	97,720	77,875	1,575	195
48. Precision production	46,665	37,355	795	105
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	50,210	37,985	925	145
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	24,950	16,940	440	75
03. Natural resources and conservation	25,260	21,050	485	70
Health and related fields	322,715	231,025	4,255	790
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	23,745	19,200	375	105
51. Health professions and related programs	290,645	206,895	3,735	660
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	8,325	4,930	150	25
Personal, protective and transportation services	122,855	93,395	2,660	290
12. Personal and culinary services	79,740	58,110	1,620	170
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	320	250	20	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	1,235	930	85	10
43. Security and protective services	13,935	11,665	350	25
49. Transportation and materials moving	27,620	22,445	595	85
Other	350	230	10	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	355	230	10	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 130}	3,870,375	2,667,075	55,245	8,585
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,740,200	1,218,525	20,290	3,610
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 131}	2,130,175	1,448,550	34,960	4,980
Location of study inside Canada	1,625,550	1,293,355	29,290	4,470
Same as province or territory of residence	1,243,905	982,340	12,065	2,635
Different than province or territory of residence	381,645	311,015	17,225	1,830
Location of study outside Canada^{Footnote 132}	504,630	155,195	5,670	510
United States^{Footnote 133}	74,035	54,670	795	105
Philippines	56,845	10,680	20	10
India	44,110	5,970	10	15
United Kingdom^{Footnote 134}	58,830	49,390	335	110
China^{Footnote 135}	61,840	1,080	20	10
France	4,385	455	2,930	45
Other	204,585	32,950	1,570	225
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Footnote 136}	3,870,375	2,667,075	55,250	8,590
In the labour force	2,471,670	1,749,750	34,230	5,755
Employed	2,305,695	1,631,210	31,815	5,295
Unemployed	165,975	118,540	2,415	460
Not in the labour force	1,398,710	917,330	21,020	2,835
Participation rate	63.9	65.6	62.0	67.0
Employment rate	59.6	61.2	57.6	61.6
Unemployment rate	6.7	6.8	7.1	8.0
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Footnote 137}	3,870,375	2,667,075	55,245	8,585
Did not work^{Footnote 138}	1,290,235	827,425	19,360	2,550
Worked	2,580,140	1,839,645	35,890	6,035
Worked full year, full time^{Footnote 139}	1,183,405	867,400	16,335	2,415
Worked part year and/or part time^{Footnote 140}	1,396,735	972,245	19,550	3,620
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8	42.0	41.8	40.3
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 141}	2,670,700	1,898,460	36,935	6,260
a.Management	292,140	209,185	4,310	570
00 Senior management occupations	29,470	21,900	475	65
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	91,145	65,925	1,490	190
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	103,550	71,440	1,335	185
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	67,975	49,925	1,010	125
b.Professional	461,785	324,065	7,985	1,235
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	86,015	56,600	1,040	175
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	95,380	56,745	1,670	240
30 Professional occupations in nursing	43,495	32,395	350	100
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	38,815	26,500	715	110
40 Professional occupations in education services	91,500	69,415	2,450	310
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	69,895	54,455	1,030	190
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	36,675	27,960	735	110
c.Technical and paraprofessional	271,930	202,870	4,785	795
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	77,355	56,815	1,335	220
32 Technical occupations in health	46,720	32,785	530	110
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	57,855	41,385	750	155
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	19,495	16,835	805	65
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	70,505	55,045	1,355	250
d.Administration and administrative support	320,540	236,155	3,945	645
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	126,560	94,020	1,945	265
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	33,740	25,020	365	45
14 Office support occupations	117,205	84,865	1,140	270
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	43,035	32,245	490	65
e.Sales	271,580	191,090	2,490	710
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	62,450	42,340	650	145
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	127,120	91,285	1,215	370
66 Sales support occupations	82,010	57,465	625	200
f.Personal and customer information services	502,645	329,290	6,380	1,345
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	45,095	28,995	360	85
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	56,525	39,100	795	135
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	95,170	57,025	1,320	245
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	144,330	97,920	2,130	565
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	161,525	106,245	1,775	320
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	211,515	166,225	3,155	405
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	143,175	110,770	2,280	305
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	68,340	55,455	875	100
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	179,130	130,610	2,155	320
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	43,425	31,595	420	70
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	98,775	70,335	1,255	180
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	36,935	28,680	475	75
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	75,130	56,945	1,015	150
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	18,805	15,920	285	40
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	24,630	16,520	265	25
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	31,695	24,505	460	85
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	84,295	52,020	720	85
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	14,420	11,440	145	20
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	26,705	16,325	275	30
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	13,305	7,655	125	0
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	29,865	16,605	170	30
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 142}	2,670,705	1,898,460	36,940	6,255
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	74,915	53,890	1,010	145
111 - 112 Farms^{Footnote 143}	43,465	26,890	480	65
113 Forestry and logging	18,430	16,810	305	55
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	5,195	3,830	40	10
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	7,820	6,355	175	10
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	28,635	25,550	475	60
211 Oil and gas extraction	6,490	5,745	135	15
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	11,130	10,050	180	35
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	11,020	9,760	160	15
22 Utilities	13,215	10,115	120	30
221 Utilities	13,215	10,115	115	30
23 Construction	217,700	166,420	3,220	445
236 Construction of buildings	68,150	50,875	1,105	130
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	22,125	18,940	330	35
238 Specialty trade contractors	127,425	96,610	1,795	285
31-33 Manufacturing	170,000	112,930	2,000	285
311 Food manufacturing	27,310	13,425	260	25
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	5,665	4,720	95	20
313 Textile mills	425	230	10	0
314 Textile product mills	1,180	635	10	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	3,205	980	10	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	235	135	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	27,650	22,420	280	35
322 Paper manufacturing	9,660	8,090	155	10
323 Printing and related support activities	6,220	4,030	80	10
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	1,335	1,080	20	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	6,345	3,925	65	35
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	5,585	3,235	45	10
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	6,945	5,045	85	20
331 Primary metal manufacturing	5,925	4,595	130	30
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	13,690	9,825	165	15
333 Machinery manufacturing	9,695	6,630	95	15
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	7,280	3,780	110	0
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	3,260	1,740	35	10
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	9,935	7,480	160	10
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	9,140	5,190	70	20
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	9,305	5,740	105	20
41 Wholesale trade	87,925	59,785	950	110
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	1,210	750	0	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	840	745	20	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	18,170	10,345	145	30
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	11,305	6,985	195	20
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	5,275	4,200	40	0
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	16,055	12,035	135	10
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	19,650	15,065	220	35
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	10,610	7,215	125	10
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	4,810	2,440	60	0
44-45 Retail trade	314,040	225,175	2,990	765
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	33,225	26,270	270	80
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	12,060	8,160	180	25
443 Electronics and appliance stores	12,005	7,885	130	25
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	20,445	16,700	220	55
445 Food and beverage stores	79,270	56,395	535	215
446 Health and personal care stores	31,275	20,155	230	65
447 Gasoline stations	9,025	6,485	60	15
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	37,880	24,795	460	110
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	15,410	12,525	220	45
452 General merchandise stores	32,055	23,145	305	75
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	19,985	15,130	205	20
454 Non-store retailers	11,390	7,530	170	30
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	138,250	93,490	2,060	250
481 Air transportation	12,810	9,055	470	90
482 Rail transportation	4,895	4,170	115	10
483 Water transportation	7,615	6,385	110	10
484 Truck transportation	35,810	22,620	395	30
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	20,525	12,130	265	25
486 Pipeline transportation	350	310	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	1,360	1,145	20	10
488 Support activities for transportation	26,520	18,900	340	35
491 Postal service	9,520	7,110	190	0
492 Couriers and messengers	9,670	5,835	100	10
493 Warehousing and storage	9,170	5,825	50	25
51 Information and cultural industries	72,740	53,185	1,295	225
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	14,670	10,095	260	40
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	24,550	19,350	585	105
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	3,935	2,960	140	0
517 Telecommunications	19,775	13,470	215	40
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	2,140	1,320	30	20
519 Other information services	7,665	5,990	65	15
52 Finance and insurance	100,265	65,780	1,050	200
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	10	10	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	44,915	28,360	385	100
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	19,720	12,925	165	50
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	35,160	24,210	495	50
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	455	290	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	60,725	39,880	705	100
531 Real estate	53,095	33,910	595	85
532 Rental and leasing services	7,435	5,830	105	15
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	200	140	10	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	214,380	146,750	3,095	550
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	214,385	146,755	3,095	550
55 Management of companies and enterprises	4,675	3,470	50	10
551 Management of companies and enterprises	4,680	3,470	55	15
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	122,675	84,830	1,865	305
561 Administrative and support services	115,555	78,920	1,820	290
562 Waste management and remediation services	7,120	5,910	45	15
61 Educational services	192,025	143,235	4,205	635
611 Educational services	192,030	143,230	4,205	640
62 Health care and social assistance	292,365	208,930	3,460	680
621 Ambulatory health care services	107,745	77,375	1,300	215
622 Hospitals	82,680	60,660	900	200
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	43,775	29,180	480	95
624 Social assistance	58,160	41,715	775	175
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	68,085	54,740	1,030	225
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	23,040	18,920	370	90
712 Heritage institutions	4,825	4,100	100	15
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	40,220	31,720	550	125
72 Accommodation and food services	235,515	151,370	2,715	645
721 Accommodation services	40,930	27,680	760	95
722 Food services and drinking places	194,580	123,690	1,950	550
81 Other services (except public administration)	124,835	86,105	1,570	260
811 Repair and maintenance	35,980	26,815	445	45
812 Personal and laundry services	42,295	27,475	495	90
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	32,730	24,985	510	90
814 Private households	13,825	6,835	125	25
91 Public administration	137,730	112,820	3,070	330
911 Federal government public administration	53,300	41,295	2,125	145
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	33,755	28,345	385	115
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	44,480	37,935	505	60
914 Aboriginal public administration	5,740	5,070	40	10
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	460	165	10	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 144}	2,305,690	1,631,210	31,815	5,295
Worked at home	196,510	140,340	3,230	420
Worked outside Canada	16,040	5,910	185	25
No fixed workplace address	326,180	234,820	4,845	820
Worked at usual place	1,766,965	1,250,130	23,550	4,030
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 145}	2,670,700	1,898,455	36,935	6,255
English	2,531,850	1,886,520	32,470	5,715
French	6,140	2,380	2,925	135
Non-official language	84,505	2,370	55	10
Aboriginal	260	105	10	0
Non-Aboriginal	84,250	2,270	45	15
English and French	4,210	1,525	1,365	345
English and non-official language	43,480	5,540	60	30
French and non-official language	50	15	10	0
English, French and non-official language	465	115	60	20
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 146}	2,670,705	1,898,460	36,940	6,260
None	2,498,070	1,867,475	26,680	5,435
English	36,505	2,870	2,100	95
French	22,465	11,780	7,705	595
Non-official language	110,375	15,365	230	85
Aboriginal	1,860	1,345	15	0
Non-Aboriginal	108,515	14,015	215	85
English and French	55	10	0	0
English and non-official language	1,155	25	25	10
French and non-official language	2,070	935	195	40
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	1,766,960	1,250,135	23,550	4,030
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	864,415	620,215	11,830	2,040
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	807,840	552,515	10,250	1,715
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	81,750	67,150	1,150	210
Commute to a different province or territory	12,960	10,260	320	70
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 147}	2,093,140	1,484,955	28,395	4,855
Car, truck, van - as a driver	1,475,585	1,083,180	18,735	2,885
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	114,580	76,085	1,195	230
Public transit	274,210	152,370	3,690	885
Walked	142,315	104,425	2,390	485
Bicycle	51,350	41,730	1,595	235
Other method	35,115	27,165	780	130
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 148}	2,093,140	1,484,950	28,395	4,850
Less than 15 minutes	601,955	478,015	8,350	1,315
15 to 29 minutes	689,520	491,470	9,470	1,715
30 to 44 minutes	425,680	270,675	5,455	950
45 to 59 minutes	184,685	118,785	2,510	405
60 minutes and over	191,305	126,000	2,620	465
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 149}	2,093,140	1,484,955	28,395	4,850
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	142,365	105,385	1,930	275
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	342,500	254,000	4,970	660
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	526,480	392,210	8,220	1,275
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	470,205	330,310	6,610	1,070
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	292,185	180,060	3,360	670
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	319,400	222,995	3,310	905
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Footnote 150}	4,516,815	3,193,270	58,765	11,225
Non-movers	3,811,370	2,713,105	48,225	9,010
Movers	705,445	480,165	10,540	2,215
Non-migrants	386,620	271,350	4,805	1,150
Migrants	318,820	208,815	5,735	1,065
Internal migrants	249,960	189,545	4,820	920
Intraprovincial migrants	188,220	143,235	2,350	535
Interprovincial migrants	61,740	46,310	2,470	380
External migrants	68,860	19,270	915	150
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Footnote 151}	4,339,960	3,050,290	57,760	10,620
Non-movers	2,490,540	1,793,580	30,785	5,370
Movers	1,849,425	1,256,715	26,975	5,255
Non-migrants	940,890	670,080	11,330	2,570
Migrants	908,530	586,635	15,655	2,680
Internal migrants	672,805	526,130	13,245	2,310
Intraprovincial migrants	503,685	393,195	6,195	1,330
Interprovincial migrants	169,120	132,935	7,050	980
External migrants	235,725	60,510	2,410	370

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

'Immigrant status' refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

'Period of immigration' refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

Non-permanent residents and immigrants who landed between 2015 and 2016 are included in the 'Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration.' The categories for 'Non-permanent residents' and period of immigration '2015 to 2016' are not presented elsewhere in this table with income as they may not have a complete year of applicable income. The income data for the 2016 Census of Population are for the year 2015.

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit, or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Language groups are defined as follows: 'English' includes respondents who reported English only or English and one non-official language; 'French' includes respondents who reported French only or French and one non-official language; 'English and French' includes respondents who reported English and French, with or without one non-official language.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

The 'Total - Mother tongue' category includes all groups mentioned in note 1 as well as respondents who reported a non-official language as their only mother tongue.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 22 referrer

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

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Footnote 23

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 24

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 25

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 26

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 27

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 28

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 29

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 30

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 31

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 32

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 33

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 34

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 36

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 37

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 38

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 39

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 40

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 41

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 42

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 43

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 44

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 45

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 46

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 47

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 48

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 50

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 51

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 52

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 53

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 54

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 55

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 56

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 57

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 58

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 59

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 60

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 61

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 62

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 63

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 64

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 65

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Footnote 66

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 67

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 68

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 69

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 70

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 71

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 72

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 73

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 74

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 75

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 76

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 77

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 78

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 79

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 80

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 81

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 82

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 83

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 84

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 85

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 86

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 87

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 88

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 89

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 90

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 91

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 92

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 94

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 96

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 97

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 98

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 99

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 100

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 101

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 103

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 114

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 117

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 119

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 120

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 121

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 122

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 123

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 124

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 125

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 127

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 128

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 129

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 130

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 131

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 132

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 133

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 134

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Footnote 135

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 136

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 137

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 138

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 139

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 140

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 141

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 142

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

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Footnote 143

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

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Footnote 144

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 145

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 146

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 147

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 148

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 149

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 150

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 151

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016353.

Date modified:: 2019-06-17

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