Data tables, 2016 Census

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981), Mother Tongue (4), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

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Age (8B)

Sex (3)

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , mother tongue , age and sex for the population in private households in Whitby, T
Data quality
Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981)	Mother tongue (4)
	Total - Mother tongue^Footnote 1	English	French	English and French
Population in private households - 25% sample data	126,785	105,185	2,190	390
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	126,785	105,185	2,190	390
0 to 14 years	25,500	23,410	270	130
0 to 4 years	7,200	6,600	45	30
5 to 9 years	8,990	8,270	120	45
10 to 14 years	9,305	8,535	105	60
15 to 64 years	85,775	70,200	1,545	235
15 to 19 years	9,045	8,160	115	20
20 to 24 years	8,270	7,365	105	40
25 to 29 years	6,330	5,435	90	15
30 to 34 years	7,155	5,755	95	40
35 to 39 years	8,550	6,845	135	20
40 to 44 years	9,920	7,690	210	10
45 to 49 years	10,205	7,890	220	20
50 to 54 years	10,815	8,650	275	20
55 to 59 years	8,820	7,075	165	30
60 to 64 years	6,665	5,335	135	10
65 years and over	15,505	11,575	370	25
65 to 69 years	5,755	4,505	165	10
70 to 74 years	3,710	2,780	85	0
75 to 79 years	2,650	1,845	55	10
80 to 84 years	1,865	1,355	30	0
85 years and over	1,520	1,090	40	0
85 to 89 years	1,110	820	25	0
90 to 94 years	345	230	15	10
95 to 99 years	60	30	0	0
100 years and over	10	0	0	0
Average age	38.0	36.5	44.0	30.2
Median age	39.2	36.9	46.6	24.9
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 2}	101,285	81,775	1,915	255
Married or living common law	61,755	47,565	1,300	135
Married	54,725	41,450	1,115	115
Living common law	7,030	6,115	185	25
Not married and not living common law	39,530	34,205	615	120
Never married	27,455	24,430	355	85
Separated	2,890	2,420	45	20
Divorced	5,145	4,370	125	10
Widowed	4,040	2,995	90	10
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 3}	101,280	81,775	1,920	260
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	95,980	77,270	1,835	245
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	54,958	56,224	63,409	47,999
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,310	43,707	52,037	31,316
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	96,035	77,325	1,835	245
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,364	45,216	50,229	40,143
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,424	38,499	45,050	30,690
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	88,505	71,890	1,715	230
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	54,727	55,749	62,565	46,489
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,273	42,697	49,703	29,003
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	65,235	51,830	1,215	180
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,607	6,495	7,368	5,449
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	2,880	2,753	5,550	1,446
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	76,495	62,605	1,450	200
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	54,389	55,112	62,360	42,210
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,909	43,714	54,648	26,496
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^{Footnote 4}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Footnote 5}	91.8	92.2	92.2	90.9
Employment income (%)^{Footnote 6}	78.9	79.4	78.0	73.6
Government transfers (%)^{Footnote 7}	8.2	7.7	7.7	8.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 8}	101,285	81,770	1,915	260
Without total income	5,305	4,505	85	15
With total income	95,980	77,270	1,830	245
Percentage with total income	94.8	94.5	95.6	94.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	14,090	11,220	230	25
$10,000 to $19,999	13,505	10,400	200	50
$20,000 to $29,999	9,840	7,555	155	35
$30,000 to $39,999	8,635	6,785	140	25
$40,000 to $49,999	8,420	6,780	175	30
$50,000 to $59,999	7,500	6,220	145	15
$60,000 to $69,999	6,590	5,465	160	15
$70,000 to $79,999	5,465	4,610	110	0
$80,000 to $89,999	4,570	3,795	130	10
$90,000 to $99,999	4,600	3,845	90	15
$100,000 and over	12,755	10,590	305	30
$100,000 to $149,999	8,945	7,385	190	30
$150,000 and over	3,810	3,205	120	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 9}	101,280	81,770	1,915	255
Without after-tax income	5,250	4,445	85	15
With after-tax income	96,035	77,325	1,830	250
Percentage with after-tax income	94.8	94.6	95.6	98.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	14,585	11,645	250	25
$10,000 to $19,999	14,130	10,890	195	50
$20,000 to $29,999	11,515	8,870	175	40
$30,000 to $39,999	10,805	8,665	195	40
$40,000 to $49,999	9,980	8,110	200	20
$50,000 to $59,999	9,005	7,485	220	15
$60,000 to $69,999	6,880	5,755	140	0
$70,000 to $79,999	6,390	5,315	165	10
$80,000 and over	12,740	10,595	285	35
$80,000 to $89,999	4,230	3,565	65	10
$90,000 to $99,999	2,780	2,290	55	20
$100,000 and over	5,735	4,745	170	10
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 10}	101,285	81,770	1,915	260
Without employment income	24,785	19,170	460	55
With employment income	76,495	62,605	1,455	200
Percentage with employment income	75.5	76.6	76.0	76.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,580	8,680	175	35
$5,000 to $9,999	5,590	4,690	110	10
$10,000 to $19,999	8,295	6,575	125	25
$20,000 to $29,999	6,275	4,870	85	45
$30,000 to $39,999	5,830	4,685	90	20
$40,000 to $49,999	5,695	4,695	90	10
$50,000 to $59,999	5,785	4,765	115	15
$60,000 to $69,999	5,075	4,195	130	10
$70,000 to $79,999	4,350	3,650	105	0
$80,000 and over	19,035	15,805	425	40
$80,000 to $89,999	4,050	3,345	90	10
$90,000 to $99,999	4,190	3,460	95	10
$100,000 and over	10,790	9,000	235	25
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 11}	101,280	81,775	1,915	260
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 12}	38,625	31,765	755	90
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Footnote 13}	68,336	69,320	76,591	51,749
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Footnote 14}	77,818	78,908	87,990	60,926
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 15}	126,780	105,185	2,190	390
English only	115,055	98,175	160	50
French only	65	0	60	0
English and French	10,590	7,000	1,970	340
Neither English nor French	1,075	15	0	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 16}	126,785	105,185	2,185	390
English	113,735	103,260	1,265	225
French	855	0	785	20
Non-official language	7,730	430	15	15
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	7,730	430	15	10
English and French	280	95	65	110
English and non-official language	4,080	1,355	35	0
French and non-official language	20	0	15	0
English, French and non-official language	90	40	10	25
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 17}	126,785	105,185	2,190	385
None	113,675	101,625	1,090	260
English	3,885	230	425	15
French	1,810	1,125	535	70
Non-official language	7,225	2,160	85	35
Aboriginal	25	20	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	7,205	2,145	85	35
English and French	35	0	0	0
English and non-official language	30	0	10	0
French and non-official language	115	45	35	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total - First official language spoken for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 18}	126,785	105,185	2,190	390
English	123,145	105,185	160	230
French	2,100	0	2,025	20
English and French	480	0	0	140
Neither English nor French	1,060	0	0	0
Official language minority (number)^{Footnote 19}	2,335	0	2,025	85
Official language minority (percentage)^{Footnote 20}	1.8	0.0	92.5	21.8
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 21}	126,785	105,185	2,190	390
Official languages	125,705	105,170	2,190	390
English	125,640	105,170	2,125	390
French	10,655	6,995	2,025	335
Non-official languages	25,245	6,560	360	125
Aboriginal languages	35	25	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	25,215	6,535	360	125
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 22}	126,785	105,185	2,190	385
Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 23}	2,000	1,870	85	30
Single Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 24}	1,880	1,760	85	25
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Footnote 25}	1,115	1,075	30	0
Métis	730	650	55	25
Inuk (Inuit)	35	35	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 26}	40	35	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Footnote 27}	70	70	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	124,785	103,310	2,100	360
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 28}	126,785	105,185	2,190	390
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Footnote 29}	560	540	10	10
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	126,225	104,645	2,185	380
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 30}	126,780	105,185	2,190	385
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 31}	250	225	15	0
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 32}	250	225	15	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Footnote 33}	220	200	10	0
Métis single ancestry	30	20	10	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Footnote 34}	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 35}	3,235	3,055	135	35
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 36}	3,150	2,980	140	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,330	2,245	75	0
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	755	660	65	25
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	65	65	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 37}	85	75	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	85	75	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 38}	123,305	101,905	2,035	355
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 39}	126,780	105,185	2,185	390
Canadian citizens^{Footnote 40}	121,385	102,810	2,090	385
Canadian citizens only	115,780	100,130	2,005	385
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	5,605	2,680	85	0
Not Canadian citizens^{Footnote 41}	5,395	2,375	95	10
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 42}	126,785	105,185	2,185	390
Non-immigrants^{Footnote 43}	96,500	90,420	1,790	335
Immigrants^{Footnote 44}	29,550	14,525	395	55
Before 1981	11,175	7,030	105	0
1981 to 1990	4,285	2,375	35	10
1991 to 2000	5,615	2,155	120	15
2001 to 2010	6,335	2,210	95	25
2001 to 2005	3,510	1,180	45	25
2006 to 2010	2,825	1,035	50	0
2011 to 2016^{Footnote 45}	2,145	755	45	10
Non-permanent residents^{Footnote 46}	730	240	0	0
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 47}	29,550	14,525	400	55
Under 5 years	3,560	2,330	55	10
5 to 14 years	6,550	3,595	70	25
15 to 24 years	6,850	3,515	60	10
25 to 44 years	10,710	4,375	190	15
45 years and over	1,890	705	25	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 48}	29,550	14,520	395	55
Americas	7,510	6,135	60	10
Brazil	125	15	0	0
Colombia	190	0	0	10
El Salvador	80	10	0	0
Guyana	1,245	1,240	10	0
Haiti	65	0	30	0
Jamaica	2,380	2,355	0	0
Mexico	160	0	0	0
Peru	105	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	995	980	0	0
United States^{Footnote 49}	925	810	15	0
Other places of birth in Americas	1,250	715	0	10
Europe	10,270	5,315	80	15
Bosnia and Herzegovina	100	0	0	0
Croatia	135	25	0	0
France	80	20	45	0
Germany	500	70	0	0
Greece	355	20	0	0
Hungary	160	20	0	0
Ireland^{Footnote 50}	240	230	0	0
Italy	960	135	0	0
Netherlands	495	75	0	0
Poland	585	35	10	0
Portugal	365	30	0	0
Romania	365	35	10	15
Russian Federation	170	35	0	0
Serbia^{Footnote 51}	120	0	0	0
Ukraine	150	10	0	0
United Kingdom^{Footnote 52}	4,495	4,405	10	0
Other places of birth in Europe	990	170	15	0
Africa	1,755	800	245	25
Algeria	15	0	10	0
Egypt	160	55	25	0
Ethiopia	45	0	0	0
Kenya	105	95	0	0
Morocco	60	0	25	10
Nigeria	300	235	0	0
Somalia	20	15	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	235	205	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	815	180	190	10
Asia	9,895	2,175	10	10
Afghanistan	635	45	0	0
Bangladesh	240	45	0	0
China^{Footnote 53}	1,235	90	0	0
Hong Kong^{Footnote 54}	305	40	0	0
India	1,800	640	0	0
Iran^{Footnote 55}	295	35	0	0
Iraq	70	10	0	0
Japan	45	10	0	0
Korea, South^{Footnote 56}	245	35	0	0
Lebanon	220	50	10	0
Pakistan	1,365	145	0	0
Philippines	1,505	520	0	0
Sri Lanka	875	220	0	0
Syria^{Footnote 57}	30	0	0	0
Taiwan	60	0	0	0
Viet Nam	175	15	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	790	280	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Footnote 58}	120	100	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 59}	2,145	755	40	0
Americas	465	305	10	0
Brazil	20	0	0	0
Colombia	25	0	0	0
Cuba	10	0	0	0
Haiti	10	0	0	0
Jamaica	165	160	0	0
Mexico	20	0	0	0
United States^{Footnote 60}	100	80	0	0
Venezuela^{Footnote 61}	15	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	115	65	0	0
Europe	215	70	10	0
France	10	0	10	0
Germany	10	0	0	0
Ireland^{Footnote 62}	15	15	0	0
Moldova^{Footnote 63}	0	0	0	0
Romania	20	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0
Ukraine	25	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Footnote 64}	50	50	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	75	10	0	0
Africa	245	120	25	10
Algeria	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	10	10	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	10	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	15	0	20	0
Egypt	40	35	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	60	45	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	40	25	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	65	10	0	0
Asia	1,185	230	0	0
Afghanistan	30	0	0	0
Bangladesh	40	0	0	0
China^{Footnote 65}	235	10	0	0
Hong Kong^{Footnote 66}	0	0	0	0
India	250	85	0	0
Iran^{Footnote 67}	35	0	0	0
Iraq	15	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0
Japan	20	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Footnote 68}	20	0	0	0
Lebanon	20	10	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	140	10	0	0
Philippines	210	55	0	0
Saudi Arabia	25	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	50	10	0	0
Syria^{Footnote 69}	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	10	0	0	0
Viet Nam	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	70	45	0	0
Oceania and other^{Footnote 70}	30	30	0	0
Australia	25	20	0	0
Other places of birth^{Footnote 71}	10	10	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 72}	126,780	105,185	2,185	390
First generation^{Footnote 73}	30,770	15,195	410	55
Second generation^{Footnote 74}	34,495	30,195	340	135
Third generation or more^{Footnote 75}	61,515	59,795	1,430	195
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 76}	18,825	7,745	295	55
Economic immigrants^{Footnote 77}	9,335	3,910	155	35
Principal applicants^{Footnote 78}	3,605	1,410	75	10
Secondary applicants^{Footnote 79}	5,730	2,495	80	25
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Footnote 80}	6,775	3,400	50	20
Refugees^{Footnote 81}	2,570	365	90	0
Other immigrants^{Footnote 82}	145	70	0	0
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 83}	126,785	105,185	2,185	390
Total visible minority population^{Footnote 84}	32,095	20,530	500	105
South Asian^{Footnote 85}	8,345	4,055	40	25
Chinese	3,180	1,155	25	10
Black	10,090	9,260	355	35
Filipino	2,550	1,585	0	0
Latin American	1,345	350	10	0
Arab	960	400	30	25
Southeast Asian^{Footnote 86}	525	225	0	0
West Asian^{Footnote 87}	1,260	230	10	0
Korean	350	100	0	0
Japanese	460	385	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Footnote 88}	1,170	1,125	10	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Footnote 89}	1,860	1,655	15	0
Not a visible minority^{Footnote 90}	94,695	84,655	1,685	280
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 91}	126,780	105,185	2,190	390
North American Aboriginal origins	3,480	3,275	155	35
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,630	2,525	85	10
Inuit	70	65	0	0
Métis	870	765	75	35
Other North American origins	35,760	34,310	940	135
Acadian	165	110	55	0
American	1,530	1,490	25	0
Canadian	34,555	33,170	885	130
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	270	270	0	0
Nova Scotian	10	10	10	0
Ontarian	25	15	0	0
Québécois	10	10	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 92}	25	30	0	0
European origins	87,885	77,720	1,325	260
British Isles origins	63,210	62,400	345	160
Channel Islander	10	10	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0
English	36,080	35,765	140	50
Irish	26,930	26,595	160	75
Manx	45	50	0	0
Scottish	27,960	27,720	80	70
Welsh	2,780	2,750	15	10
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 93}	4,600	4,510	10	20
French origins	11,025	9,605	1,110	165
Alsatian	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0
French	11,025	9,605	1,110	170
Western European origins (except French origins)	15,910	14,280	95	30
Austrian	845	680	0	10
Bavarian	0	0	0	0
Belgian	400	360	40	10
Dutch	4,690	4,160	15	0
Flemish	20	20	10	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0
German	10,680	9,755	20	25
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0
Swiss	495	445	25	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 94}	10	10	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	2,685	2,525	20	10
Danish	690	640	10	0
Finnish	580	540	0	0
Icelandic	225	205	10	0
Norwegian	530	510	0	15
Swedish	680	635	0	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 95}	100	100	0	0
Eastern European origins	12,295	9,730	55	40
Bulgarian	145	90	0	0
Byelorussian	60	25	0	0
Czech	450	340	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 96}	175	155	0	0
Estonian	220	185	0	0
Hungarian	1,545	1,135	0	0
Latvian	195	160	0	0
Lithuanian	265	245	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0
Polish	4,825	3,860	30	10
Romanian	840	485	10	20
Russian	1,215	845	10	0
Slovak	470	375	0	0
Ukrainian	3,815	3,375	10	15
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 97}	35	30	0	0
Southern European origins	18,995	13,945	150	30
Albanian	90	20	0	0
Bosnian	65	20	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0
Croatian	650	430	15	0
Cypriot	25	0	0	0
Greek	2,350	1,630	10	0
Italian	9,385	7,460	80	30
Kosovar	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	1,155	760	0	0
Maltese	725	630	10	0
Montenegrin	10	10	0	0
Portuguese	3,235	2,495	25	0
Serbian	320	130	0	0
Sicilian	95	80	0	0
Slovenian	360	235	0	0
Spanish	2,050	1,215	15	10
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 98}	260	180	10	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 99}	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	670	560	20	0
Basque	30	15	0	0
Jewish	340	300	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Footnote 100}	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 101}	310	250	15	0
Caribbean origins	9,475	9,265	80	15
Antiguan	100	100	0	0
Bahamian	50	50	0	0
Barbadian	875	870	0	0
Bermudan	25	25	0	0
Carib	70	65	0	0
Cuban	165	145	0	0
Dominican	110	95	0	0
Grenadian	310	310	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0
Haitian	145	65	60	0
Jamaican	5,580	5,520	20	10
Kittitian/Nevisian	25	20	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	10	0	0
Puerto Rican	35	40	0	0
St. Lucian	130	110	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	1,535	1,510	15	10
Vincentian/Grenadinian	255	240	0	10
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 102}	1,185	1,180	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 103}	310	305	0	10
Latin, Central and South American origins	3,735	2,650	25	20
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	115	60	0	0
Arawak	50	35	0	0
Argentinian	90	50	0	10
Belizean	40	40	0	0
Bolivian	35	20	10	0
Brazilian	170	85	0	0
Chilean	125	75	0	0
Colombian	265	90	0	0
Costa Rican	45	10	0	0
Ecuadorian	105	55	10	0
Guatemalan	105	25	0	0
Guyanese	1,620	1,600	10	0
Hispanic	10	10	0	0
Honduran	15	10	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0
Mexican	350	150	0	0
Nicaraguan	40	15	0	0
Panamanian	45	40	0	0
Paraguayan	15	10	0	0
Peruvian	155	70	0	0
Salvadorean	125	65	0	0
Uruguayan	10	10	0	0
Venezuelan	230	145	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 104}	110	80	0	0
African origins	3,925	2,925	345	70
Central and West African origins	910	560	180	10
Akan	10	10	0	0
Angolan	30	0	25	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	55	25	15	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0
Congolese	160	0	130	0
Edo	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0
Gambian	10	10	0	0
Ghanaian	175	130	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0
Ibo	10	0	0	0
Ivorian	30	0	30	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	375	330	0	10
Peulh	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	10	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	115	85	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 105}	55	30	0	0
North African origins	545	290	55	45
Algerian	40	20	10	10
Berber	0	0	10	0
Coptic	25	10	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	310	190	25	35
Libyan	65	30	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	70	10	30	10
Sudanese	20	10	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 106}	25	25	0	0
Southern and East African origins	770	490	80	10
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Footnote 107}	20	0	0	0
Burundian	75	0	70	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	80	40	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	55	50	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	35	30	10	0
Oromo	10	0	0	0
Rwandan	35	0	15	0
Seychellois	10	15	0	0
Somali	20	20	0	0
South African	275	225	0	0
Tanzanian	25	20	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	10	0	0
Zambian	10	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	75	35	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 108}	80	55	0	0
Other African origins	1,780	1,610	30	10
Black, n.o.s.^{Footnote 109}	235	205	10	10
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 110}	1,585	1,430	30	10
Asian origins	20,890	11,100	120	60
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	3,440	1,535	60	20
Afghan	1,060	245	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Footnote 111}	255	195	10	0
Armenian	265	155	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	20	10	0	0
Georgian	10	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0
Iranian	470	155	0	0
Iraqi	90	60	0	0
Israeli	65	55	0	0
Jordanian	60	35	10	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	580	320	25	20
Palestinian	265	125	0	0
Pashtun	20	0	10	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0
Syrian	195	160	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0
Turk	235	125	15	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	25	20	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 112}	55	25	0	0
South Asian origins	9,540	5,280	45	20
Bangladeshi	170	55	0	0
Bengali	105	20	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0
East Indian	6,365	4,100	45	25
Goan	45	40	0	0
Gujarati	20	20	0	0
Kashmiri	25	25	0	0
Nepali	10	0	0	0
Pakistani	1,450	410	0	0
Punjabi	210	110	20	0
Sinhalese	20	10	0	0
Sri Lankan	1,030	455	0	0
Tamil	235	110	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 113}	590	235	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	8,480	4,760	35	15
Burmese	25	25	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	40	30	0	0
Chinese	4,525	2,355	30	10
Filipino	2,880	1,865	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	105	65	0	0
Japanese	540	450	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0
Korean	375	125	0	0
Laotian	45	30	0	0
Malaysian	60	25	0	0
Mongolian	20	0	10	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	50	25	0	0
Thai	90	10	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	315	170	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 114}	10	10	0	0
Other Asian origins	80	20	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 115}	80	20	0	0
Oceania origins	260	265	0	0
Australian	180	180	0	0
New Zealander	45	50	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	55	55	0	0
Fijian	20	20	0	0
Hawaiian	15	15	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 116}	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 117}	15	20	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 118}	101,280	81,770	1,915	260
No certificate, diploma or degree	13,870	10,795	250	30
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Footnote 119}	28,785	24,405	460	55
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	58,635	46,570	1,215	175
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,785	4,660	130	0
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Footnote 120}	2,635	1,990	95	10
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Footnote 121}	3,150	2,665	30	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	25,305	21,280	550	60
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,015	1,420	65	10
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	25,530	19,205	475	105
Bachelor's degree	18,575	14,610	300	65
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,665	1,195	35	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	475	250	25	0
Master's degree	4,335	2,885	100	30
Earned doctorate^{Footnote 122}	480	265	10	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 123}	101,280	81,770	1,915	255
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 124}	42,645	35,205	700	85
Education	3,805	3,190	115	10
13. Education	3,810	3,195	115	15
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,500	2,115	45	15
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	550	515	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,955	1,600	45	10
Humanities	3,050	2,420	70	0
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	195	85	15	0
23. English language and literature/letters	860	725	10	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	795	605	15	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Footnote 125}	20	20	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	150	125	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	270	230	10	0
54. History	610	520	10	0
55. French language and literature/letters	150	105	10	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,390	6,985	130	40
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	95	55	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	950	830	15	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,325	1,065	25	10
22. Legal professions and studies	1,510	1,280	35	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Footnote 126}	135	115	0	0
42. Psychology	1,305	1,150	15	0
45. Social sciences	3,075	2,490	45	20
Business, management and public administration	13,130	10,215	330	50
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	15	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,105	990	25	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,000	9,205	300	50
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,340	1,665	45	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,005	765	20	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	630	480	15	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Footnote 127}	30	10	10	0
40. Physical sciences	585	330	10	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	85	70	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,470	1,730	55	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,950	1,340	35	0
25. Library science	105	90	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	360	255	10	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Footnote 128}	55	45	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	11,025	8,425	205	20
04. Architecture and related services	455	360	0	0
14. Engineering	2,615	1,405	70	10
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	2,535	2,065	40	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,295	2,040	15	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,140	1,775	50	0
48. Precision production	990	785	25	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	630	475	20	10
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	335	230	10	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	290	240	10	0
Health and related fields	7,755	6,415	130	25
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	1,105	990	15	0
51. Health professions and related programs	6,545	5,370	110	25
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	105	50	10	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,535	2,930	65	0
12. Personal and culinary services	1,620	1,265	30	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	1,495	1,365	25	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	405	300	15	0
Other	10	10	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	10	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 129}	101,285	81,770	1,920	255
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,650	35,205	700	85
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 130}	58,635	46,565	1,215	175
Location of study inside Canada	49,665	42,525	1,050	160
Same as province or territory of residence	46,560	40,090	775	130
Different than province or territory of residence	3,105	2,435	275	30
Location of study outside Canada^{Footnote 131}	8,970	4,045	165	15
United States^{Footnote 132}	1,515	1,180	30	10
Philippines	695	235	0	0
India	850	260	0	0
United Kingdom^{Footnote 133}	1,330	1,190	15	0
China^{Footnote 134}	490	15	0	0
France	50	0	25	0
Other	4,040	1,160	90	0
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Footnote 135}	101,280	81,775	1,915	255
In the labour force	70,300	57,670	1,300	190
Employed	65,085	53,405	1,230	150
Unemployed	5,215	4,270	65	35
Not in the labour force	30,980	24,100	620	75
Participation rate	69.4	70.5	67.9	74.5
Employment rate	64.3	65.3	64.2	58.8
Unemployment rate	7.4	7.4	5.0	18.4
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Footnote 136}	101,285	81,775	1,915	255
Did not work^{Footnote 137}	29,350	22,695	525	75
Worked	71,935	59,075	1,390	185
Worked full year, full time^{Footnote 138}	39,355	32,325	785	95
Worked part year and/or part time^{Footnote 139}	32,580	26,755	600	95
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.3	43.2	42.8	41.6
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 140}	74,150	60,925	1,410	195
a.Management	9,650	7,740	245	30
00 Senior management occupations	900	745	35	0
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	4,190	3,485	105	10
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	2,950	2,250	65	15
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	1,605	1,265	45	0
b.Professional	15,080	12,045	335	45
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	3,270	2,630	55	0
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	3,205	2,215	40	10
30 Professional occupations in nursing	1,325	1,120	15	0
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	755	550	15	0
40 Professional occupations in education services	3,795	3,240	160	20
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	1,920	1,605	45	10
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	805	695	15	0
c.Technical and paraprofessional	8,080	6,840	130	20
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	2,060	1,635	45	0
32 Technical occupations in health	1,225	970	25	10
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	1,810	1,505	40	10
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	1,150	1,090	0	0
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,835	1,625	20	0
d.Administration and administrative support	9,645	7,985	185	40
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	4,390	3,645	95	0
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	865	715	20	10
14 Office support occupations	3,150	2,570	55	35
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	1,250	1,055	15	0
e.Sales	8,375	7,015	140	15
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	2,270	1,865	55	10
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	3,800	3,240	60	0
66 Sales support occupations	2,300	1,905	25	0
f.Personal and customer information services	11,135	9,010	215	25
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	880	740	10	0
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	1,590	1,245	25	0
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	1,800	1,410	15	0
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	3,650	2,965	115	15
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	3,220	2,655	40	0
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	5,045	4,385	85	0
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	3,270	2,820	60	0
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	1,770	1,560	30	0
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	3,835	3,205	50	15
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	1,235	1,065	20	0
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	1,925	1,525	30	10
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	670	610	0	0
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	870	780	10	0
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	140	115	0	0
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	105	90	0	0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	630	570	10	0
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,435	1,935	10	0
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	610	490	0	0
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	500	375	0	0
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	845	675	10	0
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	485	390	0	10
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 141}	74,150	60,925	1,410	190
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	300	270	0	0
111 - 112 Farms^{Footnote 142}	240	210	0	0
113 Forestry and logging	0	10	0	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	0	0	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	50	50	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	150	130	0	0
211 Oil and gas extraction	90	75	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	35	25	0	0
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	30	25	10	0
22 Utilities	1,830	1,510	35	10
221 Utilities	1,830	1,505	35	10
23 Construction	5,015	4,240	100	10
236 Construction of buildings	1,270	1,000	30	0
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	365	310	10	10
238 Specialty trade contractors	3,380	2,930	70	0
31-33 Manufacturing	5,525	4,320	80	15
311 Food manufacturing	425	310	10	10
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	105	90	0	0
313 Textile mills	20	20	0	0
314 Textile product mills	10	0	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	50	30	0	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	0	10	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	80	60	0	0
322 Paper manufacturing	270	250	10	0
323 Printing and related support activities	385	340	0	0
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	20	0	10	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	450	325	10	0
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	290	210	0	0
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	180	155	0	0
331 Primary metal manufacturing	150	105	0	0
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	450	365	0	0
333 Machinery manufacturing	385	300	0	0
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	345	255	0	0
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	155	135	0	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	1,295	1,020	20	10
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	175	130	0	0
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	270	200	0	0
41 Wholesale trade	3,010	2,410	120	0
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	0	0	0	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	40	35	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	395	335	0	0
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	535	400	30	0
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	165	115	30	0
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	375	330	15	0
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	1,045	835	45	10
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	340	290	0	0
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	110	75	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	8,850	7,270	105	30
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	1,145	990	25	10
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	415	345	0	0
443 Electronics and appliance stores	350	280	10	0
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	770	665	10	0
445 Food and beverage stores	2,200	1,785	15	10
446 Health and personal care stores	710	490	10	0
447 Gasoline stations	115	55	0	0
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	870	705	20	10
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	395	365	0	0
452 General merchandise stores	1,190	995	20	0
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	435	380	0	0
454 Non-store retailers	255	195	0	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,890	2,380	40	10
481 Air transportation	105	80	10	0
482 Rail transportation	130	110	10	0
483 Water transportation	10	0	0	0
484 Truck transportation	530	415	0	0
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	980	805	0	0
486 Pipeline transportation	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	10	10	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	255	205	10	0
491 Postal service	210	170	0	0
492 Couriers and messengers	290	240	0	0
493 Warehousing and storage	380	340	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	2,370	2,035	45	0
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	490	420	0	0
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	380	330	15	0
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	305	275	0	0
517 Telecommunications	915	760	15	0
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	60	45	0	0
519 Other information services	220	200	10	0
52 Finance and insurance	5,300	4,195	135	20
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	2,945	2,200	75	0
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	745	600	10	0
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	1,560	1,355	40	10
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	55	40	10	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,565	1,195	30	0
531 Real estate	1,385	1,045	25	0
532 Rental and leasing services	175	150	10	0
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	10	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	5,850	4,625	120	0
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	5,850	4,630	120	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	230	190	10	10
551 Management of companies and enterprises	235	190	10	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,265	2,625	75	15
561 Administrative and support services	3,115	2,495	70	10
562 Waste management and remediation services	150	130	10	0
61 Educational services	6,755	5,760	200	25
611 Educational services	6,755	5,765	205	25
62 Health care and social assistance	7,460	6,180	130	15
621 Ambulatory health care services	2,420	1,965	45	10
622 Hospitals	2,150	1,825	30	0
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	1,165	985	15	0
624 Social assistance	1,725	1,405	35	10
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,890	1,690	20	0
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	440	395	0	10
712 Heritage institutions	110	100	0	0
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	1,340	1,190	15	0
72 Accommodation and food services	4,310	3,510	50	15
721 Accommodation services	320	250	0	0
722 Food services and drinking places	3,990	3,255	50	15
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,760	2,170	35	0
811 Repair and maintenance	855	660	0	0
812 Personal and laundry services	900	680	20	0
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	795	675	10	0
814 Private households	215	150	10	0
91 Public administration	4,835	4,230	70	25
911 Federal government public administration	840	715	25	0
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	985	815	15	20
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	3,000	2,705	30	10
914 Aboriginal public administration	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	10	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 143}	65,080	53,400	1,225	155
Worked at home	4,860	3,900	110	15
Worked outside Canada	180	120	0	0
No fixed workplace address	7,155	5,725	140	30
Worked at usual place	52,890	43,655	975	110
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 144}	74,150	60,925	1,410	190
English	72,880	60,625	1,025	135
French	395	145	210	10
Non-official language	255	15	0	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	250	15	0	0
English and French	370	100	170	45
English and non-official language	245	35	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	15	10	0	10
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 145}	74,150	60,925	1,410	190
None	71,790	60,045	945	150
English	375	110	140	10
French	1,100	585	315	40
Non-official language	865	170	15	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	865	175	10	0
English and French	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	15	10	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	52,890	43,655	980	110
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	13,575	11,490	165	20
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	15,400	12,835	295	40
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	23,780	19,210	515	50
Commute to a different province or territory	135	125	0	0
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 146}	60,040	49,385	1,120	140
Car, truck, van - as a driver	47,080	38,870	895	110
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	3,195	2,665	35	0
Public transit	7,485	5,930	175	20
Walked	1,575	1,390	15	0
Bicycle	180	145	0	0
Other method	530	380	10	0
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 147}	60,040	49,380	1,120	140
Less than 15 minutes	12,240	10,450	195	15
15 to 29 minutes	15,825	13,115	255	45
30 to 44 minutes	9,295	7,660	190	25
45 to 59 minutes	7,540	6,135	145	15
60 minutes and over	15,140	12,025	335	40
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 148}	60,040	49,380	1,120	135
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	5,550	4,635	75	15
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	11,385	9,440	245	20
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	15,735	13,035	320	35
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	11,375	9,245	200	30
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,435	4,910	125	15
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	9,565	8,115	150	20
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Footnote 149}	125,515	104,020	2,185	380
Non-movers	113,985	95,515	1,905	310
Movers	11,525	8,505	280	65
Non-migrants	4,455	3,480	115	45
Migrants	7,070	5,025	170	20
Internal migrants	6,570	4,805	145	15
Intraprovincial migrants	6,245	4,630	135	15
Interprovincial migrants	330	175	15	0
External migrants	500	220	20	0
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Footnote 150}	119,580	98,585	2,145	360
Non-movers	80,190	68,350	1,375	180
Movers	39,385	30,230	770	185
Non-migrants	16,065	13,320	235	95
Migrants	23,315	16,910	530	95
Internal migrants	20,765	15,900	475	95
Intraprovincial migrants	19,890	15,305	410	90
Interprovincial migrants	875	595	65	0
External migrants	2,555	1,010	55	0

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Language groups are defined as follows: 'English' includes respondents who reported English only or English and one non-official language; 'French' includes respondents who reported French only or French and one non-official language; 'English and French' includes respondents who reported English and French, with or without one non-official language.

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The 'Total - Mother tongue' category includes all groups mentioned in note 1 as well as respondents who reported a non-official language as their only mother tongue.

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Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

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Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 8

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Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 10

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Footnote 11

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Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

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Footnote 20

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Footnote 21

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 21 referrer

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

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Footnote 22

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 24

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 25

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 26

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 27

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 30

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 31

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 32

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 33

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 34

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 35

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 36

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 37

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 38

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 39

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 40

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 41

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 42

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 43

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 44

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 45

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 47

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 47 referrer

Footnote 48

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 50

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 51

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 52

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 53

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 54

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 55

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 56

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 57

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 58

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 59

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 60

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 62

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 64

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Footnote 65

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 66

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 67

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 68

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 69

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 70

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 71

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 72

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 74

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 75

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 76

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 77

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 78

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 79

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 80

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 81

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 82

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 83

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 84

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 85

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 86

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 87

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 88

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 89

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 90

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 91

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 94

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 102

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 111

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 114

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 116

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 118

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 119

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 120

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 121

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 122

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 123

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 124

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 125

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 127

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 128

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 129

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 130

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 131

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 132

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 133

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Footnote 134

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 135

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 136

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 138

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 139

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 140

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 141

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

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Footnote 142

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

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Footnote 143

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 144

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 145

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 146

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 147

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 148

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 149

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 150

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016354.

Date modified:: 2019-06-17

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Data tables, 2016 Census

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981), Mother Tongue (4), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

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