Aboriginal Population Profile, 2016 Census
Whitby, Town [Census subdivision], Ontario

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Sex Information - Sex

Age groups Information - Age

The table shows aboriginal identities (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers), by sex and age groups.
Characteristic	Whitby, T Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Whitby, Town [Census subdivision], Ontario Map : Whitby, Town [Census subdivision], Ontario Related data - Whitby, T
	Total - Sex, Total - Age groups
	Total - Population in private households by Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 1}	Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 2}	Single Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 3}	First Nations (North American Indian)^{Footnote 4}	Métis	Inuk (Inuit)	Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 5}	Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Footnote 6}	Non-Aboriginal identity
Average age and median age
Total - Average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	126,780	1,995	1,880	1,115	730	35	45	70	124,785
Average age	38.0	33.0	32.7	32.4	33.5	26.8	35.9	38.9	38.1
Median age	39.2	32.2	32.2	32.1	33.6	23.4	26.5	43.9	39.3
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 7}	101,280	1,510	1,420	830	570	25	30	60	99,770
Married or living common law	61,755	825	780	435	340	0	20	25	60,930
Married	54,725	655	620	340	280	10	15	20	54,075
Living common law	7,030	170	160	90	60	0	10	0	6,860
Not married and not living common law	39,530	685	645	400	230	15	10	35	38,840
Never married	27,450	490	465	270	190	15	0	20	26,965
Separated	2,890	55	50	35	20	0	0	10	2,835
Divorced	5,145	65	65	40	20	0	0	0	5,080
Widowed	4,040	75	60	50	10	0	0	10	3,970
Family characteristics
Total - Family characteristics for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 8}	126,785	1,995	1,880	1,115	735	35	40	75	124,785
Married spouses and common-law partners	61,085	815	775	435	335	10	20	20	60,260
Married spouses	54,050	650	620	345	270	0	10	20	53,405
Common-law partners	7,030	170	155	90	60	10	0	0	6,865
Lone parents (in lone-parent census families)	5,890	110	95	75	15	0	10	10	5,780
Children in census families (as in sons, daughters or grandchildren)	47,240	865	830	485	315	20	15	25	46,375
Living with two biological or adoptive parents^{Census data footnote 9}	34,525	590	565	285	275	10	10	15	33,945
In an intact family^{Census data footnote 10}	33,605	575	550	270	275	0	10	15	33,030
In a complex stepfamily^{Census data footnote 11}	920	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	910
Living with one biological or adoptive parent and one step-parent	3,240	80	80	45	25	0	0	0	3,165
In a simple stepfamily^{Census data footnote 12}	1,890	40	40	15	15	10	0	0	1,855
In a complex stepfamily^{Census data footnote 13}	1,355	40	40	30	15	0	0	0	1,310
Living with one parent in a lone-parent census family^{Census data footnote 14}	9,355	190	175	145	20	0	10	10	9,160
With a male lone parent	1,655	20	25	20	0	0	0	0	1,640
With a female lone parent	7,700	170	155	130	20	0	0	10	7,525
Living with grandparents without parents present	115	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	105
With two grandparents without parents present	40	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	40
With one grandparent without parents present	75	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	65
Persons not in census families	12,570	205	185	120	60	0	0	15	12,370
Living with other relatives	2,470	70	60	50	15	0	0	0	2,405
Foster children	115	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	115
Living with non-relatives only or alone	9,985	135	125	70	50	0	0	10	9,850
Registered or Treaty Indian status
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 15}	126,785	1,995	1,885	1,115	730	35	40	75	124,785
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 16}	560	555	495	435	60	0	0	60	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	126,225	1,435	1,390	680	670	40	35	10	124,785
Aboriginal ancestry
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 17}	126,785	1,995	1,880	1,115	735	35	45	70	124,785
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 18}	250	165	155	145	20	0	0	0	80
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 19}	245	165	160	140	15	0	0	10	80
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 20}	215	150	145	145	0	0	0	0	70
Métis single ancestry	30	15	15	0	20	0	0	0	10
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 21}	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 22}	3,235	1,485	1,420	780	610	25	45	25	1,750
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 23}	3,145	1,415	1,365	775	565	30	20	25	1,730
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,325	890	860	760	100	0	10	25	1,440
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	755	500	485	15	465	0	20	0	250
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	65	25	25	0	0	25	0	0	45
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 24}	85	70	50	10	50	0	20	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	85	70	50	0	45	0	20	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 25}	123,300	340	305	195	100	10	0	40	122,960
Aboriginal ancestry responses
Total - Aboriginal ancestry responses for the population in private household - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 26}	126,780	1,995	1,885	1,115	730	40	45	70	124,785
Total Aboriginal ancestry^{Census data footnote 27}	3,480	1,655	1,580	925	630	30	45	35	1,830
First Nations ancestry	2,630	1,110	1,055	905	145	0	25	30	1,520
Abenaki	20	20	20	0	15	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	85	55	55	50	0	0	0	0	40
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 28}	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Apache	10	15	15	15	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver (Dunne-za)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 29}	25	15	15	0	15	0	0	0	15
Blood (Kainai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier (Dakelh)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cherokee	20	10	15	15	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin (Tsilhqot'in)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chipewyan (Denesuline)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cowichan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree	130	75	70	50	20	0	0	0	60
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Delaware (Lenape)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene Tha (Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 30}	15	15	15	0	15	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	25	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	25
Innu/Montagnais	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquois, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 31}	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	10
Kaska	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakwaka'wakw (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	390	185	170	135	35	0	10	0	210
Mohawk	105	65	60	50	15	0	0	0	40
Musqueam	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Navajo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nlaka'pamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuxalk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odawa	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	180	120	115	100	10	0	0	0	60
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan (Syilx)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Potawatomi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sahtu (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 32}	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sechelt (Shishalh)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemc (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sioux, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 33}	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
St'at'imc (Lillooet)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sto:lo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney (Nakoda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 34}	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wet'suwet'en	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations ancestry, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 35}	1,630	575	545	500	40	0	10	15	1,060
Métis ancestry	870	590	550	15	530	0	35	0	280
Inuit ancestry	65	25	25	0	0	25	0	0	40
Non-Aboriginal ancestry	126,535	1,830	1,725	970	710	35	45	65	124,705
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Census data footnote 36}	126,785	2,000	1,885	1,115	730	40	40	70	124,790
English only	115,050	1,730	1,645	1,030	580	35	30	55	113,325
French only	70	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	70
English and French	10,585	265	235	85	150	0	10	20	10,320
Neither English nor French	1,075	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Census data footnote 37}	126,780	1,995	1,885	1,115	730	35	45	75	124,790
English	123,150	1,905	1,790	1,090	665	40	40	70	121,245
French	2,095	90	85	30	60	0	0	0	2,005
English and French	480	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	475
Neither English nor French	1,060	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,055
Official language minority
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 38}	2,335	90	90	30	60	0	0	0	2,250
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 39}	1.8	4.5	4.8	2.7	8.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.8
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Census data footnote 40}	126,785	1,995	1,880	1,115	730	35	40	70	124,785
Official languages	107,760	1,990	1,875	1,105	730	35	40	70	105,780
English	105,575	1,900	1,790	1,080	675	35	40	70	103,670
French	2,575	110	115	30	80	0	0	0	2,465
Non-official languages	21,155	10	10	0	0	0	10	0	21,140
Aboriginal languages	10	15	0	10	0	0	10	0	0
Algonquian languages	10	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	10	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	21,140	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,145
Language spoken at home
Total - Language spoken at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Census data footnote 41}	126,780	1,995	1,880	1,115	730	35	45	70	124,790
Official languages	122,565	1,995	1,880	1,115	730	35	40	70	120,570
English	122,135	1,995	1,880	1,115	730	40	45	70	120,140
French	3,205	125	110	25	85	0	10	0	3,080
Non-official languages	18,965	40	40	40	0	10	0	0	18,925
Aboriginal languages	20	20	20	20	0	0	0	0	10
Algonquian languages	20	20	20	20	0	0	0	0	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	15	10	10	15	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	15	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	18,940	20	20	15	0	10	0	0	18,915
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Census data footnote 42}	126,785	1,995	1,885	1,115	730	35	40	70	124,790
Official languages	125,710	1,995	1,880	1,115	735	40	40	70	123,710
English	125,640	1,995	1,880	1,115	730	35	45	70	123,645
French	10,655	265	235	85	150	0	10	15	10,390
Non-official languages	25,245	75	60	45	10	10	10	0	25,175
Aboriginal languages	30	30	25	20	10	0	10	0	0
Algonquian languages	25	20	20	20	0	0	0	0	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	15	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	15	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	10	0	0	10	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	10	10	0	0	10	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	25,210	45	40	30	10	10	10	0	25,170
Mobility status
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago for the population aged 1 year and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 43}	125,515	1,980	1,865	1,100	730	35	45	65	123,535
Non-movers	113,985	1,770	1,670	990	650	30	40	60	112,215
Movers	11,525	205	200	115	80	10	0	10	11,320
Non-migrants	4,455	95	85	45	40	10	0	10	4,360
Migrants	7,070	110	110	70	40	0	0	0	6,960
Internal migrants	6,570	110	110	70	40	0	0	0	6,460
Intraprovincial migrants	6,240	110	110	65	35	0	0	0	6,135
Interprovincial migrants	330	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	325
External migrants	500	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	500
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago for the population aged 5 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	119,580	1,855	1,745	1,005	705	40	45	65	117,730
Non-movers	80,195	1,175	1,105	550	525	30	20	50	79,020
Movers	39,390	675	640	455	175	10	15	20	38,710
Non-migrants	16,070	345	335	240	90	0	0	0	15,720
Migrants	23,320	335	305	210	85	10	15	10	22,985
Internal migrants	20,765	330	295	210	80	10	20	10	20,440
Intraprovincial migrants	19,885	315	290	200	80	0	20	10	19,570
Interprovincial migrants	880	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	870
External migrants	2,555	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	2,545
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	101,280	1,510	1,425	830	570	20	30	60	99,775
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	15,465	315	305	175	120	10	0	10	15,150
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate, no postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,865	285	280	160	110	0	0	10	13,580
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate, with postsecondary certificate or diploma^{Census data footnote 46}	1,600	30	25	15	15	0	0	0	1,570
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate	85,815	1,195	1,120	660	445	15	30	45	84,620
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate, no postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	28,780	395	350	225	115	0	15	30	28,390
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate, with postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 47}	57,035	805	765	430	330	10	20	15	56,230
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	101,285	1,510	1,420	830	565	20	25	60	99,775
No certificate, diploma or degree	13,865	285	280	160	105	10	0	10	13,580
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 49}	28,780	390	350	230	120	10	15	25	28,390
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,790	120	115	80	25	0	10	0	5,670
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 50}	2,635	55	45	35	15	0	0	0	2,580
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 51}	3,150	70	60	45	15	0	0	0	3,085
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	25,310	430	415	215	200	0	0	10	24,875
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,010	45	40	20	20	0	0	0	1,970
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	25,530	240	220	125	95	0	10	10	25,290
Bachelor's degree	18,575	195	175	100	80	0	10	10	18,385
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^{Census data footnote 52}	6,955	50	45	30	20	0	0	0	6,910
Major field of study
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	101,280	1,510	1,420	830	565	20	30	60	99,775
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 54}	42,650	680	630	390	225	15	10	35	41,970
Education	3,810	45	45	15	30	0	0	0	3,760
13. Education	3,805	45	45	15	30	0	0	0	3,760
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,500	30	25	15	10	10	0	10	2,465
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	550	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	545
50. Visual and performing arts	1,955	30	20	10	10	0	0	10	1,920
Humanities	3,055	40	35	35	10	0	0	0	3,010
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	195	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	195
23. English language and literature/letters	860	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	850
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	795	10	15	15	0	0	0	0	785
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 55}	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20
38. Philosophy and religious studies	150	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	145
39. Theology and religious vocations	275	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	270
54. History	610	10	10	0	10	0	0	0	605
55. French language and literature/letters	150	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	150
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,390	120	110	55	55	0	10	10	8,270
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	95	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	90
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	950	10	0	0	10	0	0	0	940
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,330	20	15	0	15	0	0	0	1,310
22. Legal professions and studies	1,510	35	25	20	10	0	10	0	1,475
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 56}	135	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	130
42. Psychology	1,305	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	1,295
45. Social sciences	3,070	35	40	15	25	0	0	0	3,035
Business, management and public administration	13,130	155	150	95	60	0	0	10	12,975
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	25
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,105	15	15	15	0	0	0	0	1,090
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,000	145	135	80	55	0	0	10	11,860
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,340	15	15	10	10	0	0	0	2,325
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,005	15	15	0	15	0	0	0	990
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	625	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	630
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 57}	30	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	30
40. Physical sciences	585	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	590
41. Science technologies/technicians	90	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	85
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,470	30	30	20	10	0	0	0	2,440
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,945	30	30	20	10	0	0	0	1,915
25. Library science	105	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	110
27. Mathematics and statistics	365	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	365
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 58}	55	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	60
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	11,020	195	185	115	70	0	0	0	10,830
04. Architecture and related services	450	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	450
14. Engineering	2,615	15	10	10	0	0	10	0	2,605
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	2,535	30	35	10	20	0	0	0	2,500
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,290	65	65	40	25	0	0	0	2,225
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,135	45	45	30	10	0	0	0	2,090
48. Precision production	990	25	25	20	10	0	0	0	965
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	625	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	620
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	335	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	335
03. Natural resources and conservation	295	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	290
Health and related fields	7,755	125	125	60	60	10	0	0	7,625
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	1,100	30	25	15	10	0	10	0	1,075
51. Health professions and related programs	6,545	100	95	45	50	0	0	0	6,445
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	105	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	105
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,530	65	60	35	25	0	0	0	3,470
12. Personal and culinary services	1,620	25	20	10	10	0	0	0	1,595
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
43. Security and protective services	1,495	30	30	15	15	0	0	0	1,465
49. Transportation and materials moving	400	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	395
Other	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Labour force status
Total - Labour force status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% Sample data^{Census data footnote 59}	101,280	1,510	1,425	830	565	25	30	60	99,775
In the labour force	70,295	1,055	995	560	410	20	15	45	69,245
Employed	65,080	960	905	505	385	20	15	40	64,120
Unemployed	5,220	90	90	60	25	0	0	0	5,125
Not in the labour force	30,985	455	430	270	160	0	15	15	30,525
Participation rate	69.4	69.9	69.8	67.5	72.6	80.0	50.0	75.0	69.4
Employment rate	64.3	63.6	63.5	60.8	68.1	80.0	50.0	66.7	64.3
Unemployment rate	7.4	8.5	9.0	10.7	6.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	7.4
Class of worker
Total - Class of worker for the labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 60}	70,295	1,055	990	560	410	20	15	45	69,245
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 61}	1,555	10	0	0	10	0	0	10	1,545
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 62}	68,745	1,045	985	555	405	20	15	40	67,705
Employee	62,040	975	920	525	380	20	15	45	61,065
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 63}	6,700	65	65	30	30	10	0	0	6,640
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Work activity during the reference year for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 64}	101,285	1,510	1,420	835	565	20	30	60	99,775
Did not work^{Census data footnote 65}	29,355	405	375	220	145	0	15	20	28,945
Worked	71,930	1,105	1,045	610	420	20	15	40	70,830
Worked full time^{Census data footnote 66}	55,255	830	795	450	330	15	10	25	54,420
1 to 13 weeks	1,960	25	20	0	15	0	0	0	1,945
14 to 26 weeks	2,930	45	45	30	10	0	0	0	2,885
27 to 39 weeks	2,520	35	25	25	0	0	0	10	2,495
40 to 48 weeks	8,480	150	145	70	70	0	0	0	8,330
49 to 52 weeks	39,360	585	555	320	225	15	10	20	38,770
Worked part time^{Census data footnote 67}	16,675	270	250	155	95	0	0	20	16,405
1 to 13 weeks	3,480	65	65	40	30	0	0	0	3,415
14 to 26 weeks	3,580	60	60	40	20	0	0	0	3,520
27 to 39 weeks	1,815	15	15	10	10	0	0	0	1,800
40 to 48 weeks	2,400	35	35	20	15	0	0	0	2,365
49 to 52 weeks	5,405	90	70	55	15	0	0	15	5,315
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.3	43.2	42.9	43.3	42.0	50.0	51.4	47.6	43.3
Occupation
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - for the labour force population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	70,300	1,050	995	560	410	25	15	45	69,245
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 69}	1,555	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	1,545
All occupations^{Census data footnote 70}	68,745	1,040	985	555	405	25	15	45	67,700
0 Management occupations	9,230	105	100	65	30	0	0	0	9,125
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	11,850	150	135	60	75	0	10	10	11,700
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,985	50	50	20	25	0	0	0	4,935
3 Health occupations	4,005	55	60	30	25	0	0	0	3,945
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	9,595	135	130	70	60	0	0	0	9,460
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,200	45	35	30	10	0	0	0	2,155
6 Sales and service occupations	15,565	250	235	120	110	0	0	15	15,325
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,325	195	180	125	55	0	10	10	8,130
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	765	20	20	15	10	0	0	0	745
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,220	40	40	20	15	10	0	0	2,180
Industry
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the labour Force population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 71}	70,295	1,055	995	560	410	20	15	45	69,245
Industry - NAICS 2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 72}	1,555	10	10	0	10	0	0	0	1,545
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 73}	68,745	1,045	985	560	405	20	15	40	67,700
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	265	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	260
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	145	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	140
22 Utilities	1,695	40	45	35	10	0	0	0	1,650
23 Construction	4,755	95	95	75	20	0	0	0	4,665
31-33 Manufacturing	5,155	75	65	35	30	10	0	10	5,085
41 Wholesale trade	2,850	35	30	10	15	0	0	0	2,815
44-45 Retail trade	8,090	140	125	70	60	0	10	10	7,950
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,695	55	50	25	30	0	0	10	2,640
51 Information and cultural industries	2,225	15	15	10	0	0	0	0	2,215
52 Finance and insurance	5,065	55	60	10	40	10	0	0	5,010
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,495	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,480
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	5,400	30	30	25	10	0	0	0	5,370
55 Management of companies and enterprises	215	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	210
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,000	45	40	25	10	10	0	0	2,960
61 Educational services	6,270	80	70	35	40	0	0	10	6,190
62 Health care and social assistance	6,955	100	100	50	45	0	0	0	6,860
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,620	35	35	25	10	10	0	0	1,585
72 Accommodation and food services	3,885	70	70	35	35	0	0	0	3,810
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,515	60	55	40	15	0	0	0	2,455
91 Public administration	4,435	90	85	40	45	0	0	0	4,350
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 74}	65,080	960	905	505	380	20	15	40	64,120
Worked at home	4,860	60	60	40	20	0	0	0	4,800
Worked outside Canada	180	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	180
No fixed workplace address	7,150	100	100	50	45	0	0	0	7,055
Worked at usual place	52,885	800	750	410	315	20	10	40	52,085
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	52,885	800	750	415	320	15	10	40	52,085
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	13,570	230	210	130	85	0	10	10	13,340
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	15,400	245	225	120	95	15	0	15	15,155
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	23,780	325	310	165	135	10	0	15	23,455
Commute to a different province or territory	135	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	140
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 75}	60,045	900	845	465	365	20	15	40	59,140
Car, truck, van - as a driver	47,075	715	665	355	300	15	20	35	46,360
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	3,195	70	65	35	20	10	0	0	3,130
Public transit	7,490	85	85	45	35	0	0	10	7,395
Walked	1,570	25	25	25	10	0	0	0	1,550
Bicycle	175	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	175
Other method	530	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	520
Language used at work
Total - Language used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 76}	74,150	1,135	1,080	615	445	25	20	45	73,020
Official languages	74,015	1,135	1,080	615	445	25	15	40	72,880
English	73,895	1,135	1,075	615	440	25	15	40	72,765
French	1,885	90	85	25	60	0	0	0	1,795
Non-official languages	1,375	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,380
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,380	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,380
Income statistics in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 77}	101,280	1,510	1,420	830	570	25	25	60	99,770
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	95,980	1,375	1,290	760	510	25	30	55	94,600
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,310	44,914	43,123	40,254	49,970	0	0	60,115	42,275
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	54,958	51,500	50,878	48,752	54,876	0	50,917	66,269	55,008
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	96,035	1,380	1,300	765	510	25	30	55	94,655
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,424	39,453	37,452	34,983	43,620	0	0	48,863	37,410
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,364	42,544	42,096	40,179	45,570	0	43,332	52,602	44,391
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	88,505	1,235	1,155	680	450	20	30	55	87,275
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,273	44,524	44,334	40,511	54,655	0	0	60,115	41,219
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	54,728	52,468	52,240	49,437	57,091	0	0	62,586	54,759
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	65,240	945	895	525	355	15	25	30	64,295
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	2,880	3,071	2,840	4,021	2,581	0	0	0	2,875
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,607	6,510	6,357	6,727	6,081	0	0	0	6,608
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	76,500	1,145	1,070	615	440	20	20	55	75,355
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,909	46,869	46,854	40,668	52,262	0	0	59,919	42,867
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	54,389	52,313	52,192	50,835	54,711	0	0	61,162	54,420
Employment income statistics
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 78}	101,285	1,510	1,420	830	565	20	30	60	99,775
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	38,625	565	535	310	220	0	0	20	38,055
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 80}	68,336	65,859	64,126	59,165	68,966	0	0	0	68,396
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 81}	77,818	72,896	71,979	69,749	76,705	0	0	0	77,892
Composition of total income in 2015
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 82}	100	100	100	100	100	0	100	100	100
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 83}	91.8	91.5	91.2	90.7	91.8	0.0	0.0	94.4	91.8
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 84}	78.9	84.6	85.1	83.7	86.9	0.0	0.0	83.9	78.8
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 85}	8.2	8.7	8.7	9.5	7.7	0.0	0.0	0.0	8.2
Total income groups in 2015
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 86}	101,285	1,510	1,425	830	570	25	25	60	99,775
Without total income	5,305	130	130	70	60	0	0	10	5,175
With total income	95,980	1,375	1,295	765	510	25	25	55	94,600
Percentage with total income	94.8	91.1	90.9	92.2	89.5	100.0	100.0	91.7	94.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	14,090	205	195	115	75	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	13,885
$10,000 to $19,999	13,505	175	175	90	85	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	13,330
$20,000 to $29,999	9,840	135	125	110	10	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	9,705
$30,000 to $39,999	8,635	110	105	65	40	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	8,530
$40,000 to $49,999	8,420	135	120	75	45	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	8,290
$50,000 to $59,999	7,495	155	155	95	60	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	7,340
$60,000 to $69,999	6,595	85	75	30	40	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	6,505
$70,000 to $79,999	5,470	85	65	40	25	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	5,385
$80,000 to $89,999	4,570	85	75	40	40	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	4,485
$90,000 to $99,999	4,595	55	50	25	25	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	4,545
$100,000 and over	12,760	155	150	85	65	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	12,600
$100,000 to $149,999	8,945	120	120	65	55	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	8,825
$150,000 and over	3,810	30	25	20	10	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	3,775
After-tax income groups in 2015
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	101,285	1,510	1,425	835	570	25	30	60	99,775
Without after-tax income	5,250	125	125	65	60	0	0	0	5,120
With after-tax income	96,035	1,380	1,295	765	510	20	25	60	94,655
Percentage with after-tax income	94.8	91.4	90.9	91.6	89.5	80.0	83.3	100.0	94.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	14,590	210	200	120	75	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	14,375
$10,000 to $19,999	14,130	190	190	105	80	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	13,945
$20,000 to $29,999	11,515	165	150	120	30	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	11,355
$30,000 to $39,999	10,805	140	135	90	45	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	10,665
$40,000 to $49,999	9,985	185	170	95	65	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	9,800
$50,000 to $59,999	9,005	150	140	70	70	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	8,855
$60,000 to $69,999	6,880	95	75	40	30	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	6,785
$70,000 to $79,999	6,390	95	95	45	55	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	6,295
$80,000 and over	12,735	155	150	85	65	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	12,580
$80,000 to $89,999	4,225	65	65	45	20	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	4,165
$90,000 to $99,999	2,780	40	40	20	20	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	2,740
$100,000 and over	5,735	50	45	25	20	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	5,680
Employment income groups in 2015
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 88}	101,285	1,510	1,420	835	570	25	30	60	99,775
Without employment income	24,785	370	350	220	125	0	0	10	24,415
With employment income	76,500	1,145	1,075	615	445	20	20	50	75,355
Percentage with employment income	75.5	75.8	75.7	73.7	78.1	80.0	66.7	83.3	75.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,580	130	120	55	70	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	10,450
$5,000 to $9,999	5,585	65	70	40	30	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	5,520
$10,000 to $19,999	8,290	145	135	95	40	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	8,145
$20,000 to $29,999	6,275	80	65	50	15	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	6,195
$30,000 to $39,999	5,825	100	95	55	35	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	5,725
$40,000 to $49,999	5,690	100	95	65	35	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	5,595
$50,000 to $59,999	5,785	100	105	60	40	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	5,685
$60,000 to $69,999	5,075	75	75	25	45	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	5,000
$70,000 to $79,999	4,350	70	50	30	20	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	4,280
$80,000 and over	19,030	275	260	140	125	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	18,755
$80,000 to $89,999	4,050	80	75	40	35	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	3,970
$90,000 to $99,999	4,195	50	45	20	25	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	4,140
$100,000 and over	10,790	150	140	85	55	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	10,645
Income statistics in 2015 for economic families
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 89}	35,385	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	117,418	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	134,742	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median after-tax total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	98,829	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	108,567	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average family size of economic families	3.3	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	9,440	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	98,299	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	116,446	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	83,400	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	94,674	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	19,900	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	140,189	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	157,935	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	116,388	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	126,363	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,290	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	71,507	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	81,251	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	62,909	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	66,557	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Income statistics in 2015 for persons
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 90}	9,985	135	125	70	50	0	0	0	9,850
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 91}	41,115	53,384	53,266	32,586	59,422	0	0	0	40,909
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 92}	50,755	56,897	51,867	46,808	59,623	0	0	0	50,671
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 93}	36,253	45,382	45,321	29,002	51,727	0	0	0	36,142
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 94}	41,933	46,942	43,905	38,218	52,646	0	0	0	41,865
Economic family income decile group
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	126,785	1,995	1,885	1,115	730	35	45	70	124,790
In the bottom half of the distribution	42,025	615	570	380	170	15	25	20	41,410
In the bottom decile	6,885	155	155	100	45	10	0	10	6,730
In the second decile	6,960	105	90	85	0	0	10	10	6,855
In the third decile	8,280	80	75	50	25	0	0	0	8,200
In the fourth decile	9,140	120	115	55	50	10	10	0	9,015
In the fifth decile	10,765	150	140	85	50	0	10	10	10,610
In the top half of the distribution	84,760	1,380	1,315	735	555	20	20	50	83,375
In the sixth decile	13,405	270	250	120	120	20	0	15	13,130
In the seventh decile	13,970	245	230	125	105	0	0	10	13,725
In the eighth decile	16,745	275	275	185	90	0	0	0	16,470
In the ninth decile	21,105	305	270	165	100	0	20	20	20,800
In the top decile	19,535	290	280	135	150	0	0	0	19,245
Low-income status in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 96}	126,785	1,995	1,880	1,115	730	35	45	70	124,790
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,780	215	200	155	45	0	0	10	9,565
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.7	10.8	10.6	13.9	6.2	0.0	0.0	14.3	7.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	5,605	100	95	70	25	0	0	10	5,505
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.4	5.0	5.1	6.3	3.4	0.0	0.0	14.3	4.4

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

F

too unreliable to be published

Note(s):

Footnote 1

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 2

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 3

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 4

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 5

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 6

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit), but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 7

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

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Footnote 8

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family; Stepfamily status of couple family with children; and Relationship structure of stepfamily.

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Footnote 9

One or more grandparents of the child may also be present in the household.

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Footnote 10

In an intact family, all children are the biological or adopted children of both persons in the couple. This category also includes children living in census families for whom it cannot be determined whether it is an intact family or a stepfamily.

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Footnote 11

In a complex stepfamily, some or all of the children are step-siblings or half-siblings.

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Footnote 12

In a simple stepfamily, none of the children are step-siblings or half-siblings.

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Footnote 13

In a complex stepfamily, some or all of the children are step-siblings or half-siblings.

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Footnote 14

One or more grandparents of the child may also be present in the household.

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Footnote 15

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 16

Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 17

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 18

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 19

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 20

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Footnote 21

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 22

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 23

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 25

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 26

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry in the census. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 27

In the Census of Population, some respondents may choose to provide very specific Aboriginal ancestries, while other respondents may choose to give more general responses. This means that two respondents with the same ancestry could have different response patterns and thus could be counted as having different Aboriginal ancestries. For example, one respondent may report 'First Nations' ethnic origin while another respondent, with a similar ancestral background, may report 'Ojibway' or 'Anishinaabe' ancestry; one respondent may report 'North American Indian' while another, similar respondent, may report 'Coast Salish' or 'Cowichan.' As a result, Aboriginal ancestry data are fluid, and counts for specific origins may seem different than initially expected. Users who wish to obtain broader response counts may wish to combine data for one or more ancestries together.

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Footnote 28

Includes general responses indicating Anishinaabe ancestry (e.g., 'Anishinaabe') as well as more specific responses indicating Anishinaabe ancestry (e.g., 'Nipissing').

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Footnote 29

Includes general responses indicating Blackfoot ancestry (e.g., 'Blackfoot') as well as more specific responses indicating Blackfoot ancestry (e.g., 'Siksika,' 'Piikani').

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Footnote 30

Includes general responses indicating Dene ancestry (e.g., 'Dene').

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Footnote 31

Includes general responses indicating Iroquois ancestry (e.g., 'Iroquois,' 'Haudenosaunee') as well as more specific responses indicating Iroquois origins (e.g., 'Seneca,' 'Onondaga,' 'Tuscarora').

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Footnote 32

Includes general responses indicating Salish ancestry (e.g., 'Salish') as well as more specific responses indicating Salish ancestry (e.g., 'Coast Salish,' 'Interior Salish,' 'K'omoks,' 'Saanich').

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Footnote 33

Includes general responses indicating Sioux ancestry (e.g., 'Sioux').

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Footnote 34

Includes general responses indicating Tutchone ancestry (e.g., 'Tutchone') as well as more specific responses indicating Tutchone ancestry (e.g., 'Northern Tutchone,' 'Southern Tutchone').

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Footnote 35

Includes general responses indicating First Nations ancestry (e.g., 'First Nations,' 'North American Indian') as well as more specific responses indicating First Nations ancestry that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Passamaquoddy,' 'Crow,' 'Cheyenne,' 'Athabascan').

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Footnote 36

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 37

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

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Footnote 38

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

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Footnote 39

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Footnote 40

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 40 referrer

Footnote 41

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 41 referrer

Footnote 42

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 44

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 45

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate,' available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 46

Here, 'postsecondary certificate or diploma' includes the categories 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' and 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma.'

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Footnote 47

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 48

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree,' available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 49

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 50

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 51

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 52

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

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Footnote 53

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 54

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 55

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 56

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 57

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 58

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 59

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called 'labour force activity.'

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Footnote 60

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 61

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 62

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 63

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 64

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 65

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015, persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 66

Full time is 30 hours or more per week.

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Footnote 67

Part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 68

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 69

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 70

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday May 7, 2016 were employed, and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 71

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 72

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 73

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 74

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 75

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 76

The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 77

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 78

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 79

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 81

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 82

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 83

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 84

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 85

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 86

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 87

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 87 referrer

Footnote 88

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 89

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 89 referrer

Footnote 90

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 91

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 92

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 93

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 94

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 95

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 96

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 96 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2018. Whitby, T [Census subdivision], Ontario (table). Aboriginal Population Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-510-X2016001. Ottawa. Released July 18, 2018.
http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/abpopprof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 19, 2024).

Date modified:: 2019-06-19

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Aboriginal Population Profile, 2016 Census
Whitby, Town [Census subdivision], Ontario

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Aboriginal Population Profile, 2016 Census
Whitby, Town [Census subdivision], Ontario