Aboriginal Population Profile, 2016 Census
Kitchener, City [Census subdivision], Ontario

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Sex Information - Sex

Age groups Information - Age

The table shows aboriginal identities (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers), by sex and age groups.
Characteristic	Kitchener, CY Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Kitchener, City [Census subdivision], Ontario Map : Kitchener, City [Census subdivision], Ontario Related data - Kitchener, CY
	Total - Sex, Total - Age groups
	Total - Population in private households by Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 1}	Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 2}	Single Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 3}	First Nations (North American Indian)^{Footnote 4}	Métis	Inuk (Inuit)	Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 5}	Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Footnote 6}	Non-Aboriginal identity
Average age and median age
Total - Average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	230,005	4,410	4,190	2,785	1,345	65	120	100	225,590
Average age	38.5	32.7	32.8	32.4	33.6	31.5	25.3	38.3	38.7
Median age	37.5	29.9	30.1	29.4	31.6	27.7	15.7	40.1	37.7
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 7}	189,215	3,400	3,245	2,140	1,065	50	70	85	185,815
Married or living common law	108,470	1,575	1,485	975	500	20	35	55	106,895
Married	89,810	1,020	955	565	380	10	30	35	88,795
Living common law	18,660	560	530	410	115	0	10	15	18,100
Not married and not living common law	80,745	1,825	1,760	1,165	565	30	35	30	78,920
Never married	54,355	1,275	1,230	855	355	20	30	15	53,080
Separated	6,225	155	155	80	70	0	0	0	6,070
Divorced	11,990	300	290	175	110	0	0	0	11,685
Widowed	8,170	90	80	50	35	0	0	10	8,085
Family characteristics
Total - Family characteristics for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 8}	230,000	4,405	4,195	2,780	1,345	70	115	105	225,590
Married spouses and common-law partners	106,980	1,575	1,480	970	500	15	35	55	105,405
Married spouses	88,320	1,020	950	560	380	10	25	35	87,305
Common-law partners	18,660	560	530	410	115	0	10	20	18,105
Lone parents (in lone-parent census families)	11,635	340	340	240	85	10	0	0	11,295
Children in census families (as in sons, daughters or grandchildren)	71,835	1,660	1,560	1,035	495	30	80	20	70,170
Living with two biological or adoptive parents^{Census data footnote 9}	47,915	825	770	480	270	20	50	15	47,080
In an intact family^{Census data footnote 10}	46,275	745	720	440	265	20	15	10	45,530
In a complex stepfamily^{Census data footnote 11}	1,635	80	50	40	10	0	30	0	1,555
Living with one biological or adoptive parent and one step-parent	5,315	170	150	105	40	0	15	10	5,140
In a simple stepfamily^{Census data footnote 12}	3,290	95	95	55	30	10	0	0	3,190
In a complex stepfamily^{Census data footnote 13}	2,025	75	60	50	0	0	15	0	1,950
Living with one parent in a lone-parent census family^{Census data footnote 14}	18,000	640	615	440	170	0	15	10	17,360
With a male lone parent	3,300	150	155	105	45	0	0	0	3,150
With a female lone parent	14,700	485	465	340	125	0	15	10	14,215
Living with grandparents without parents present	605	20	20	0	15	0	0	0	580
With two grandparents without parents present	260	15	10	0	10	0	0	0	245
With one grandparent without parents present	345	10	10	0	10	0	0	0	335
Persons not in census families	39,555	835	810	530	265	15	0	25	38,725
Living with other relatives	5,050	145	140	120	20	0	0	0	4,905
Foster children	95	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	90
Living with non-relatives only or alone	34,420	685	665	405	250	15	0	20	33,730
Registered or Treaty Indian status
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 15}	230,000	4,410	4,195	2,780	1,340	70	115	100	225,595
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 16}	1,290	1,295	1,200	1,075	120	0	0	95	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	228,710	3,115	2,995	1,705	1,225	65	115	10	225,595
Aboriginal ancestry
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 17}	230,000	4,410	4,190	2,780	1,345	70	120	100	225,590
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 18}	755	615	615	480	125	10	0	0	140
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 19}	750	615	615	480	125	10	0	0	135
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 20}	610	495	495	480	10	0	0	0	120
Métis single ancestry	135	115	115	0	115	0	0	0	15
Inuit single ancestry	10	10	10	0	0	10	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 21}	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 22}	6,300	3,130	2,985	1,895	1,040	55	120	25	3,170
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 23}	6,190	3,020	2,920	1,880	995	45	75	25	3,170
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	4,685	2,105	2,070	1,870	200	0	15	20	2,580
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,360	820	800	10	795	0	20	0	535
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	145	100	50	10	0	50	45	0	45
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 24}	110	110	65	10	45	10	40	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	100	95	55	10	45	0	40	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	20	15	0	0	10	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 25}	222,945	665	585	410	175	0	0	80	222,285
Aboriginal ancestry responses
Total - Aboriginal ancestry responses for the population in private household - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 26}	230,000	4,410	4,195	2,780	1,345	65	115	105	225,590
Total Aboriginal ancestry^{Census data footnote 27}	7,050	3,750	3,605	2,375	1,165	60	115	25	3,310
First Nations ancestry	5,410	2,705	2,630	2,360	260	10	55	20	2,705
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	75	55	55	30	25	0	0	0	20
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 28}	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Apache	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver (Dunne-za)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 29}	25	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20
Blood (Kainai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier (Dakelh)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cherokee	45	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	35
Chilcotin (Tsilhqot'in)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chipewyan (Denesuline)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cowichan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree	340	170	170	135	40	0	0	0	170
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Delaware (Lenape)	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene Tha (Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 30}	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Gitxsan	15	15	10	15	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	55	20	20	10	10	0	0	0	40
Innu/Montagnais	20	20	20	0	0	10	0	0	0
Iroquois, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 31}	135	70	70	75	0	0	0	0	60
Kaska	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakwaka'wakw (Kwakiutl)	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Lakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	950	580	555	440	115	0	25	10	370
Mohawk	130	95	90	85	0	0	0	0	35
Musqueam	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15
Navajo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nlaka'pamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuxalk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odawa	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	460	400	380	360	15	0	15	10	60
Oji-Cree	30	25	30	25	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan (Syilx)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	15	20	15	10	10	0	0	0	0
Potawatomi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sahtu (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 32}	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sechelt (Shishalh)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemc (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sioux, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 33}	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
St'at'imc (Lillooet)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sto:lo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney (Nakoda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 34}	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Wet'suwet'en	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations ancestry, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 35}	3,205	1,350	1,335	1,245	85	0	10	10	1,855
Métis ancestry	1,590	1,030	970	15	955	0	55	10	560
Inuit ancestry	170	120	70	10	0	60	50	0	50
Non-Aboriginal ancestry	229,250	3,795	3,575	2,300	1,215	60	115	105	225,455
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Census data footnote 36}	230,005	4,410	4,190	2,785	1,340	65	120	100	225,590
English only	210,125	4,010	3,825	2,660	1,115	60	105	80	206,115
French only	150	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	150
English and French	15,030	390	360	120	235	10	10	20	14,635
Neither English nor French	4,695	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	4,695
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Census data footnote 37}	230,005	4,410	4,190	2,780	1,345	65	115	105	225,590
English	221,140	4,240	4,035	2,755	1,215	60	110	100	216,900
French	2,800	170	160	30	125	0	0	10	2,630
English and French	1,425	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,425
Neither English nor French	4,640	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,640
Official language minority
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 38}	3,510	170	160	30	125	0	10	10	3,345
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 39}	1.5	3.9	3.8	1.1	9.3	0.0	8.7	9.5	1.5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Census data footnote 40}	230,000	4,410	4,190	2,780	1,340	65	115	100	225,595
Official languages	170,350	4,385	4,165	2,755	1,345	70	115	100	165,965
English	167,425	4,180	3,980	2,715	1,200	60	115	90	163,240
French	3,605	245	225	55	165	0	10	15	3,360
Non-official languages	64,150	40	40	40	0	0	0	0	64,110
Aboriginal languages	15	15	15	15	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	15	15	15	15	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	10	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	64,140	25	25	25	0	0	0	0	64,110
Language spoken at home
Total - Language spoken at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Census data footnote 41}	230,005	4,410	4,190	2,780	1,345	70	115	100	225,590
Official languages	212,405	4,405	4,180	2,770	1,340	65	115	105	208,010
English	211,850	4,390	4,170	2,775	1,330	70	120	100	207,465
French	3,705	155	145	30	115	0	0	0	3,550
Non-official languages	59,660	110	110	100	10	0	0	0	59,555
Aboriginal languages	45	45	45	35	10	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	45	45	40	35	10	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25	25	30	20	10	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	25	30	25	20	10	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	59,615	65	65	65	0	0	0	0	59,555
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Census data footnote 42}	230,005	4,410	4,195	2,780	1,340	65	115	100	225,595
Official languages	225,310	4,405	4,190	2,775	1,345	70	115	100	220,900
English	225,155	4,405	4,185	2,780	1,345	70	115	100	220,750
French	15,175	390	360	120	230	10	15	20	14,785
Non-official languages	71,890	175	170	145	30	0	10	0	71,710
Aboriginal languages	60	60	65	55	10	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	55	55	55	50	10	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	15	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	35	40	40	30	10	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	35	40	35	30	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	71,830	115	110	90	25	0	0	0	71,710
Mobility status
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago for the population aged 1 year and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 43}	227,325	4,320	4,100	2,725	1,310	65	120	100	223,005
Non-movers	192,775	3,595	3,420	2,220	1,140	60	105	70	189,180
Movers	34,550	720	680	510	175	10	15	25	33,825
Non-migrants	20,275	530	505	405	95	0	0	20	19,745
Migrants	14,270	190	180	105	75	0	10	10	14,080
Internal migrants	11,145	195	180	105	75	0	10	10	10,955
Intraprovincial migrants	9,725	180	170	95	70	0	10	10	9,540
Interprovincial migrants	1,425	15	15	10	0	0	0	0	1,415
External migrants	3,120	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,125
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago for the population aged 5 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	216,420	4,105	3,905	2,595	1,240	70	115	85	212,315
Non-movers	126,005	2,030	1,950	1,270	660	25	35	45	123,975
Movers	90,420	2,075	1,955	1,325	585	45	75	40	88,345
Non-migrants	53,170	1,345	1,280	885	370	25	40	25	51,830
Migrants	37,245	730	675	440	215	20	35	15	36,515
Internal migrants	27,915	715	655	440	200	20	40	15	27,200
Intraprovincial migrants	25,090	655	600	405	175	20	35	15	24,435
Interprovincial migrants	2,820	55	55	30	20	0	0	0	2,765
External migrants	9,330	15	20	0	15	0	0	0	9,315
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	189,220	3,400	3,245	2,140	1,065	45	70	80	185,820
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	39,060	1,080	1,035	750	265	15	20	25	37,980
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate, no postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	35,105	955	910	670	225	15	25	20	34,145
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate, with postsecondary certificate or diploma^{Census data footnote 46}	3,960	125	120	80	40	0	0	0	3,835
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate	150,155	2,320	2,215	1,385	795	30	45	60	147,835
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate, no postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	54,900	955	900	620	270	15	30	25	53,950
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate, with postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 47}	95,255	1,365	1,310	765	525	20	15	40	93,890
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	189,215	3,400	3,245	2,140	1,060	45	70	85	185,815
No certificate, diploma or degree	35,100	955	910	670	225	20	20	20	34,150
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 49}	54,905	955	905	620	270	15	30	20	53,950
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	12,235	260	245	180	65	0	10	10	11,975
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 50}	5,785	150	135	95	40	0	10	10	5,635
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 51}	6,455	115	110	85	25	0	0	0	6,345
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	41,750	855	830	485	330	15	0	25	40,900
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,145	25	25	0	15	0	0	0	3,120
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	42,085	350	335	180	150	0	15	10	41,730
Bachelor's degree	28,400	270	255	130	120	0	10	10	28,135
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^{Census data footnote 52}	13,680	85	80	45	35	0	0	0	13,595
Major field of study
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	189,215	3,400	3,245	2,140	1,060	50	70	85	185,815
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 54}	90,000	1,910	1,815	1,290	495	30	50	40	88,095
Education	4,745	25	25	0	20	0	0	10	4,715
13. Education	4,740	25	25	0	20	10	0	0	4,715
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,585	50	50	15	35	0	0	0	3,535
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	710	15	15	10	0	0	0	0	695
50. Visual and performing arts	2,870	35	35	15	25	0	0	0	2,835
Humanities	6,665	60	55	35	20	0	0	0	6,600
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	555	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	550
23. English language and literature/letters	1,800	20	15	0	10	0	10	0	1,785
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,390	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	1,380
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 55}	70	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	65
38. Philosophy and religious studies	545	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	545
39. Theology and religious vocations	950	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	940
54. History	1,040	15	15	20	0	0	0	0	1,025
55. French language and literature/letters	315	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	315
Social and behavioural sciences and law	11,920	175	160	115	45	0	0	10	11,745
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	140	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	140
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,300	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	1,290
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,210	20	15	10	0	0	0	10	2,185
22. Legal professions and studies	1,590	50	50	40	10	0	0	0	1,535
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 56}	275	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	280
42. Psychology	2,025	50	45	30	10	0	0	10	1,980
45. Social sciences	4,370	40	35	25	10	0	0	0	4,335
Business, management and public administration	19,195	330	330	205	120	10	0	0	18,865
30.16 Accounting and computer science	50	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	50
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,045	65	65	50	10	0	0	0	1,980
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	17,100	270	265	155	105	0	0	0	16,830
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,745	25	25	20	10	0	0	0	3,725
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,550	25	25	20	10	0	0	0	1,520
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	840	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	845
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 57}	40	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	35
40. Physical sciences	1,150	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150
41. Science technologies/technicians	170	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	165
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,685	65	60	35	25	0	10	0	5,620
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,195	45	40	25	15	0	0	0	4,150
25. Library science	220	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	215
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,140	20	20	10	10	0	0	0	1,130
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 58}	130	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	125
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	22,080	335	320	180	135	10	0	0	21,745
04. Architecture and related services	710	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	715
14. Engineering	5,705	20	25	0	20	0	0	0	5,680
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	4,925	90	85	45	40	0	0	0	4,840
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	3,640	85	75	35	40	0	0	0	3,555
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,745	70	70	45	20	0	0	0	3,675
48. Precision production	3,345	65	70	45	20	0	0	0	3,275
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,545	20	15	10	10	0	0	0	1,530
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	845	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	840
03. Natural resources and conservation	700	10	15	0	10	0	0	0	685
Health and related fields	13,770	280	255	140	120	0	0	25	13,490
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	1,375	45	40	25	20	0	0	0	1,335
51. Health professions and related programs	12,170	240	220	115	100	10	0	25	11,930
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	225	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	220
Personal, protective and transportation services	6,110	125	125	95	30	0	0	0	5,980
12. Personal and culinary services	3,520	55	50	40	10	0	0	0	3,470
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	45	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	45
43. Security and protective services	1,725	45	45	25	20	0	0	0	1,675
49. Transportation and materials moving	805	25	30	30	0	0	0	0	775
Other	170	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	170
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	170	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	170
Labour force status
Total - Labour force status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% Sample data^{Census data footnote 59}	189,220	3,400	3,245	2,135	1,060	45	70	85	185,820
In the labour force	130,075	2,360	2,255	1,435	785	30	45	55	127,725
Employed	121,190	2,090	1,990	1,280	680	35	35	55	119,105
Unemployed	8,890	270	260	155	105	0	10	0	8,615
Not in the labour force	59,135	1,045	995	705	275	15	25	30	58,090
Participation rate	68.7	69.4	69.5	67.2	74.1	66.7	64.3	64.7	68.7
Employment rate	64.0	61.5	61.3	60.0	64.2	77.8	50.0	64.7	64.1
Unemployment rate	6.8	11.4	11.5	10.8	13.4	0.0	22.2	0.0	6.7
Class of worker
Total - Class of worker for the labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 60}	130,080	2,355	2,255	1,435	785	30	45	55	127,725
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 61}	2,675	65	55	25	30	0	10	0	2,615
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 62}	127,400	2,295	2,195	1,405	755	30	40	60	125,110
Employee	116,160	2,135	2,050	1,305	710	35	30	55	114,025
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 63}	11,245	155	145	100	50	0	10	10	11,085
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Work activity during the reference year for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 64}	189,215	3,400	3,245	2,135	1,060	50	70	85	185,820
Did not work^{Census data footnote 65}	56,000	1,000	960	655	300	15	25	10	55,005
Worked	133,215	2,400	2,285	1,485	760	35	45	70	130,815
Worked full time^{Census data footnote 66}	103,330	1,740	1,655	1,055	575	30	25	60	101,590
1 to 13 weeks	3,615	65	55	30	20	10	0	10	3,550
14 to 26 weeks	5,340	100	95	70	20	0	0	0	5,235
27 to 39 weeks	5,445	125	130	85	45	0	0	0	5,320
40 to 48 weeks	15,735	205	210	125	80	10	0	0	15,530
49 to 52 weeks	73,205	1,240	1,175	745	410	15	25	45	71,960
Worked part time^{Census data footnote 67}	29,880	660	625	435	185	10	20	15	29,220
1 to 13 weeks	5,420	140	135	95	35	0	10	0	5,285
14 to 26 weeks	5,675	120	115	75	35	0	0	0	5,555
27 to 39 weeks	3,495	75	75	55	20	0	0	0	3,425
40 to 48 weeks	4,840	80	55	30	25	0	10	10	4,765
49 to 52 weeks	10,445	250	245	170	70	0	0	10	10,195
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.7	42.6	42.6	42.3	43.4	38.1	44.3	42.0	43.7
Occupation
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - for the labour force population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	130,075	2,360	2,255	1,435	790	35	50	55	127,725
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 69}	2,680	60	60	30	30	0	0	0	2,615
All occupations^{Census data footnote 70}	127,400	2,290	2,195	1,405	755	35	45	60	125,105
0 Management occupations	12,140	155	150	100	35	10	0	0	11,985
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	18,605	315	295	210	85	0	10	15	18,295
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	11,080	120	120	55	65	0	0	0	10,955
3 Health occupations	7,600	125	115	55	60	0	10	0	7,475
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	13,035	200	195	110	75	10	0	10	12,830
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	3,240	40	40	20	20	0	0	0	3,205
6 Sales and service occupations	29,750	660	640	410	225	10	15	10	29,085
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	18,455	410	390	275	110	0	15	10	18,045
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,315	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	1,305
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	12,190	260	245	165	75	0	10	10	11,930
Industry
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the labour Force population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 71}	130,075	2,355	2,255	1,435	790	30	45	55	127,725
Industry - NAICS 2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 72}	2,680	65	60	30	30	0	10	0	2,615
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 73}	127,400	2,290	2,195	1,405	755	30	40	55	125,110
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	540	15	15	10	10	0	0	0	525
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	125	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	120
22 Utilities	365	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	355
23 Construction	8,425	230	215	135	80	0	10	10	8,200
31-33 Manufacturing	21,365	385	365	245	115	0	10	15	20,990
41 Wholesale trade	4,950	70	75	50	15	0	0	0	4,875
44-45 Retail trade	14,105	345	330	210	115	0	10	10	13,760
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	5,500	105	100	85	15	10	0	10	5,395
51 Information and cultural industries	3,790	55	55	25	30	0	0	0	3,735
52 Finance and insurance	8,175	70	65	40	30	0	0	10	8,110
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,955	20	25	10	15	0	0	0	1,935
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	9,455	110	110	85	20	0	0	0	9,345
55 Management of companies and enterprises	185	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	180
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	6,020	125	120	80	40	0	0	0	5,900
61 Educational services	10,075	165	155	75	75	0	10	0	9,910
62 Health care and social assistance	13,095	195	185	100	75	0	0	10	12,895
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,890	20	20	15	10	0	0	0	1,870
72 Accommodation and food services	8,460	200	190	125	65	10	0	10	8,265
81 Other services (except public administration)	4,765	85	80	60	25	0	0	0	4,685
91 Public administration	4,155	80	80	45	30	0	0	0	4,070
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 74}	121,195	2,090	1,990	1,280	680	30	35	60	119,105
Worked at home	6,545	80	80	50	25	0	0	0	6,465
Worked outside Canada	415	10	10	0	10	0	0	0	410
No fixed workplace address	12,175	250	230	140	90	0	10	0	11,925
Worked at usual place	102,060	1,755	1,680	1,090	565	35	30	45	100,305
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	102,060	1,755	1,685	1,090	560	30	30	40	100,305
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	48,885	1,010	970	625	325	20	20	20	47,875
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	38,995	540	520	360	150	10	10	15	38,455
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	13,940	195	190	100	85	0	0	10	13,740
Commute to a different province or territory	235	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	235
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 75}	114,235	2,000	1,910	1,230	650	35	40	50	112,230
Car, truck, van - as a driver	91,175	1,420	1,345	830	485	30	35	45	89,760
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	7,910	210	205	145	60	0	0	0	7,700
Public transit	8,370	195	185	130	55	0	0	10	8,175
Walked	4,855	105	105	70	40	0	0	0	4,750
Bicycle	1,185	40	40	25	10	0	0	0	1,145
Other method	735	35	35	30	10	0	0	0	700
Language used at work
Total - Language used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 76}	137,410	2,475	2,355	1,530	790	35	45	75	134,940
Official languages	136,830	2,475	2,355	1,530	790	35	45	75	134,355
English	136,720	2,470	2,355	1,530	785	35	45	75	134,255
French	2,205	60	50	15	35	0	0	10	2,150
Non-official languages	4,525	15	15	15	0	0	0	0	4,510
Aboriginal languages	0	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	10	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	4,515	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	4,505
Income statistics in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 77}	189,220	3,400	3,250	2,135	1,060	50	70	80	185,815
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	181,600	3,210	3,075	2,020	1,005	50	55	85	178,390
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,542	26,710	26,266	25,277	30,388	46,937	30,666	33,869	34,685
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,651	34,620	34,485	31,681	39,718	43,037	35,985	38,711	43,814
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	181,605	3,215	3,075	2,025	1,005	50	55	80	178,390
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,380	25,219	24,986	23,439	29,112	40,025	27,338	29,735	31,510
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,797	30,117	30,004	28,029	33,636	37,182	31,577	33,341	36,917
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	162,620	2,760	2,625	1,710	875	45	55	80	159,860
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,973	26,208	25,796	23,931	33,614	38,579	30,026	33,473	34,111
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,066	34,192	34,164	31,070	39,866	41,657	33,165	35,792	43,219
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	128,975	2,380	2,280	1,525	725	30	35	65	126,595
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	3,687	3,749	3,746	4,072	2,385	0	0	6,264	3,687
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,162	7,106	7,176	7,147	7,208	0	0	6,225	7,163
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	139,720	2,565	2,440	1,570	825	45	45	80	137,155
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,798	26,872	26,829	25,420	33,999	38,412	30,016	32,140	35,959
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,496	34,623	34,791	31,787	40,371	37,118	31,838	31,115	43,662
Employment income statistics
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 78}	189,215	3,400	3,245	2,135	1,060	45	70	85	185,820
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	71,925	1,230	1,160	735	410	20	25	45	70,700
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 80}	51,710	46,135	46,204	43,236	49,164	0	0	45,907	51,852
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 81}	60,496	50,988	51,137	46,948	58,399	0	0	46,729	60,661
Composition of total income in 2015
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 82}	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 83}	88.3	84.9	84.6	82.8	86.9	96.8	83.8	92.5	88.4
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 84}	76.7	79.8	80.1	77.8	83.4	69.0	79.6	75.7	76.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 85}	11.7	15.2	15.4	17.0	13.0	0.0	0.0	12.3	11.6
Total income groups in 2015
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 86}	189,215	3,400	3,245	2,135	1,065	50	70	85	185,815
Without total income	7,615	185	170	115	55	0	15	0	7,430
With total income	181,600	3,215	3,075	2,020	1,005	50	55	85	178,390
Percentage with total income	96.0	94.6	94.8	94.6	94.4	100.0	78.6	100.0	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	24,160	545	525	370	160	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	23,620
$10,000 to $19,999	30,755	675	645	460	165	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	30,080
$20,000 to $29,999	25,705	535	515	335	180	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	25,170
$30,000 to $39,999	22,440	375	345	250	90	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	22,070
$40,000 to $49,999	20,655	370	370	210	150	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	20,280
$50,000 to $59,999	15,480	210	200	130	60	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	15,270
$60,000 to $69,999	11,470	100	95	70	20	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	11,365
$70,000 to $79,999	8,185	120	105	55	50	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	8,065
$80,000 to $89,999	6,205	115	110	60	45	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	6,090
$90,000 to $99,999	5,265	80	75	25	50	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	5,185
$100,000 and over	11,280	90	85	50	35	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	11,195
$100,000 to $149,999	8,220	80	75	50	25	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	8,145
$150,000 and over	3,060	15	10	0	10	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	3,050
After-tax income groups in 2015
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	189,215	3,400	3,245	2,140	1,065	45	70	85	185,815
Without after-tax income	7,610	190	170	115	55	0	15	0	7,425
With after-tax income	181,605	3,215	3,075	2,020	1,005	45	55	80	178,390
Percentage with after-tax income	96.0	94.6	94.8	94.4	94.4	100.0	78.6	94.1	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	24,730	555	540	385	160	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	24,175
$10,000 to $19,999	32,250	700	675	480	170	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	31,550
$20,000 to $29,999	29,950	615	580	395	180	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	29,335
$30,000 to $39,999	27,600	475	465	275	175	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	27,120
$40,000 to $49,999	22,855	335	320	210	105	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	22,515
$50,000 to $59,999	15,345	180	165	105	55	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	15,170
$60,000 to $69,999	10,175	160	145	80	55	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	10,015
$70,000 to $79,999	7,320	115	110	35	70	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	7,210
$80,000 and over	11,380	80	80	50	35	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	11,300
$80,000 to $89,999	4,265	45	45	25	15	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	4,220
$90,000 to $99,999	2,360	0	0	0	0	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	2,355
$100,000 and over	4,755	30	30	15	15	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	4,725
Employment income groups in 2015
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 88}	189,220	3,400	3,245	2,135	1,060	50	70	85	185,815
Without employment income	49,500	835	810	570	235	0	25	10	48,660
With employment income	139,720	2,565	2,435	1,570	830	45	45	80	137,155
Percentage with employment income	73.8	75.4	75.0	73.5	78.3	90.0	64.3	94.1	73.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	16,240	355	340	225	120	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	15,880
$5,000 to $9,999	10,720	255	240	160	70	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	10,470
$10,000 to $19,999	18,375	425	415	260	140	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	17,945
$20,000 to $29,999	15,420	325	315	250	60	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	15,100
$30,000 to $39,999	15,990	280	250	175	70	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	15,705
$40,000 to $49,999	15,845	315	300	165	130	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	15,530
$50,000 to $59,999	12,110	165	160	110	45	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	11,945
$60,000 to $69,999	9,030	90	80	55	30	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	8,940
$70,000 to $79,999	6,780	100	100	55	40	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	6,685
$80,000 and over	19,210	255	245	115	120	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	18,955
$80,000 to $89,999	5,420	105	100	55	40	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	5,315
$90,000 to $99,999	4,620	65	65	20	45	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	4,555
$100,000 and over	9,160	75	80	45	40	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	9,085
Income statistics in 2015 for economic families
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 89}	64,175	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	86,756	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	101,495	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median after-tax total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	76,198	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	85,392	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	22,560	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	78,542	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	93,615	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	68,805	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	78,223	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	29,025	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	108,609	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	122,117	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	93,614	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	102,052	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,725	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,163	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	63,726	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	49,896	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	56,168	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Income statistics in 2015 for persons
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 90}	34,415	685	665	405	245	0	0	20	33,730
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 91}	33,575	24,461	23,979	21,391	33,810	0	0	0	33,673
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 92}	41,073	33,982	33,797	31,138	37,673	0	0	0	41,217
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 93}	30,422	23,704	23,007	21,004	29,449	0	0	0	30,537
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 94}	34,939	29,439	29,269	27,238	32,234	0	0	0	35,051
Economic family income decile group
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	230,000	4,410	4,190	2,780	1,340	65	115	100	225,590
In the bottom half of the distribution	116,705	2,650	2,545	1,745	765	40	75	30	114,050
In the bottom decile	22,080	590	540	355	180	10	45	10	21,495
In the second decile	21,765	600	580	445	110	25	20	0	21,165
In the third decile	23,345	465	450	325	130	0	0	10	22,880
In the fourth decile	24,335	455	455	275	170	10	0	0	23,875
In the fifth decile	25,180	540	525	340	175	10	10	10	24,645
In the top half of the distribution	113,295	1,760	1,645	1,040	575	25	40	70	111,540
In the sixth decile	25,460	605	555	355	195	0	20	30	24,860
In the seventh decile	23,970	385	380	255	115	10	10	10	23,580
In the eighth decile	24,330	340	320	195	115	15	0	15	23,990
In the ninth decile	22,760	325	300	185	120	0	15	10	22,430
In the top decile	16,780	95	85	50	35	0	0	10	16,685
Low-income status in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 96}	230,000	4,410	4,190	2,780	1,345	65	115	100	225,590
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	31,485	825	775	530	220	30	45	0	30,655
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.7	18.7	18.5	19.1	16.4	46.2	39.1	0.0	13.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	18,415	415	410	275	130	0	0	10	18,000
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	8.0	9.4	9.8	9.9	9.7	0.0	0.0	10.0	8.0

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

F

too unreliable to be published

Note(s):

Footnote 1

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 3

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 4

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 5

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 6

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit), but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 7

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

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Footnote 8

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family; Stepfamily status of couple family with children; and Relationship structure of stepfamily.

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Footnote 9

One or more grandparents of the child may also be present in the household.

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Footnote 10

In an intact family, all children are the biological or adopted children of both persons in the couple. This category also includes children living in census families for whom it cannot be determined whether it is an intact family or a stepfamily.

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Footnote 11

In a complex stepfamily, some or all of the children are step-siblings or half-siblings.

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Footnote 12

In a simple stepfamily, none of the children are step-siblings or half-siblings.

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Footnote 13

In a complex stepfamily, some or all of the children are step-siblings or half-siblings.

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Footnote 14

One or more grandparents of the child may also be present in the household.

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Footnote 15

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 16

Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 17

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 18

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 19

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 20

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Footnote 21

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 22

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 23

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 25

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 26

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry in the census. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 27

In the Census of Population, some respondents may choose to provide very specific Aboriginal ancestries, while other respondents may choose to give more general responses. This means that two respondents with the same ancestry could have different response patterns and thus could be counted as having different Aboriginal ancestries. For example, one respondent may report 'First Nations' ethnic origin while another respondent, with a similar ancestral background, may report 'Ojibway' or 'Anishinaabe' ancestry; one respondent may report 'North American Indian' while another, similar respondent, may report 'Coast Salish' or 'Cowichan.' As a result, Aboriginal ancestry data are fluid, and counts for specific origins may seem different than initially expected. Users who wish to obtain broader response counts may wish to combine data for one or more ancestries together.

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Footnote 28

Includes general responses indicating Anishinaabe ancestry (e.g., 'Anishinaabe') as well as more specific responses indicating Anishinaabe ancestry (e.g., 'Nipissing').

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Footnote 29

Includes general responses indicating Blackfoot ancestry (e.g., 'Blackfoot') as well as more specific responses indicating Blackfoot ancestry (e.g., 'Siksika,' 'Piikani').

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Footnote 30

Includes general responses indicating Dene ancestry (e.g., 'Dene').

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Footnote 31

Includes general responses indicating Iroquois ancestry (e.g., 'Iroquois,' 'Haudenosaunee') as well as more specific responses indicating Iroquois origins (e.g., 'Seneca,' 'Onondaga,' 'Tuscarora').

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Footnote 32

Includes general responses indicating Salish ancestry (e.g., 'Salish') as well as more specific responses indicating Salish ancestry (e.g., 'Coast Salish,' 'Interior Salish,' 'K'omoks,' 'Saanich').

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Footnote 33

Includes general responses indicating Sioux ancestry (e.g., 'Sioux').

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Footnote 34

Includes general responses indicating Tutchone ancestry (e.g., 'Tutchone') as well as more specific responses indicating Tutchone ancestry (e.g., 'Northern Tutchone,' 'Southern Tutchone').

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Footnote 35

Includes general responses indicating First Nations ancestry (e.g., 'First Nations,' 'North American Indian') as well as more specific responses indicating First Nations ancestry that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Passamaquoddy,' 'Crow,' 'Cheyenne,' 'Athabascan').

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Footnote 36

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 37

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

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Footnote 38

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

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Footnote 39

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 40 referrer

Footnote 41

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 41 referrer

Footnote 42

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 45

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate,' available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 46

Here, 'postsecondary certificate or diploma' includes the categories 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' and 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma.'

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Footnote 47

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 48

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree,' available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 49

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 50

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 51

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 52

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

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Footnote 53

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Return to footnote 53 referrer

Footnote 54

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 55

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 56

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 57

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 58

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 59

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called 'labour force activity.'

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Footnote 60

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 61

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 62

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 63

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 64

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 65

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015, persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 66

Full time is 30 hours or more per week.

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Footnote 67

Part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 68

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 69

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 70

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday May 7, 2016 were employed, and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 71

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 72

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 73

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 74

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 75

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 76

The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

Return to footnote 76 referrer

Footnote 77

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 78

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 79

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 81

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 82

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 83

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 84

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 85

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 86

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 87

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 87 referrer

Footnote 88

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 88 referrer

Footnote 89

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 89 referrer

Footnote 90

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 91

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 92

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 93

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 94

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 95

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 96

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 96 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2018. Kitchener, CY [Census subdivision], Ontario (table). Aboriginal Population Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-510-X2016001. Ottawa. Released July 18, 2018.
http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/abpopprof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 18, 2024).

Date modified:: 2019-06-19

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Aboriginal Population Profile, 2016 Census
Kitchener, City [Census subdivision], Ontario

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Aboriginal Population Profile, 2016 Census
Kitchener, City [Census subdivision], Ontario