Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Thunder Bay, City (CY)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	108,843	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	107,909	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	0.9	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	50,995	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	48,405	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	332.1	...	...	332.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	327.77	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	108,845	53,505	55,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15,420	7,910	7,515	14.2	14.8	13.6
0 to 4 years	4,825	2,440	2,380	4.4	4.6	4.3
5 to 9 years	5,165	2,720	2,445	4.7	5.1	4.4
10 to 14 years	5,435	2,750	2,680	5.0	5.1	4.8
15 to 64 years	69,595	34,760	34,835	63.9	65.0	63.0
15 to 19 years	5,405	2,775	2,625	5.0	5.2	4.7
20 to 24 years	7,325	3,895	3,430	6.7	7.3	6.2
25 to 29 years	8,070	4,160	3,910	7.4	7.8	7.1
30 to 34 years	6,970	3,565	3,405	6.4	6.7	6.2
35 to 39 years	6,500	3,250	3,245	6.0	6.1	5.9
40 to 44 years	5,920	2,870	3,050	5.4	5.4	5.5
45 to 49 years	6,235	3,075	3,165	5.7	5.7	5.7
50 to 54 years	6,785	3,265	3,520	6.2	6.1	6.4
55 to 59 years	7,990	3,860	4,130	7.3	7.2	7.5
60 to 64 years	8,390	4,035	4,360	7.7	7.5	7.9
65 years and over	23,825	10,840	12,985	21.9	20.3	23.5
65 to 69 years	7,215	3,480	3,730	6.6	6.5	6.7
70 to 74 years	6,255	2,970	3,285	5.7	5.6	5.9
75 to 79 years	4,075	1,875	2,200	3.7	3.5	4.0
80 to 84 years	2,960	1,255	1,705	2.7	2.3	3.1
85 years and over	3,320	1,255	2,065	3.1	2.3	3.7
85 to 89 years	2,005	835	1,170	1.8	1.6	2.1
90 to 94 years	1,020	350	670	0.9	0.7	1.2
95 to 99 years	265	70	200	0.2	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	25	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.2	14.8	13.6	14.2	14.8	13.6
15 to 64 years	63.9	65.0	63.0	63.9	65.0	63.0
65 years and over	21.9	20.3	23.5	21.9	20.3	23.5
85 years and over	3.1	2.3	3.7	3.1	2.3	3.7
Average age of the population	43.7	42.5	44.9	43.7	42.5	44.9
Median age of the population	44.0	42.0	45.6	44.0	42.0	45.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	48,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	31,685	...	...	65.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,075	...	...	4.3	...	...
Row house	1,445	...	...	3.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,430	...	...	5.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	7,865	...	...	16.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,575	...	...	5.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	110	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	220	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	48,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	16,765	...	...	34.6	...	...
2 persons	16,960	...	...	35.0	...	...
3 persons	6,670	...	...	13.8	...	...
4 persons	5,385	...	...	11.1	...	...
5 or more persons	2,625	...	...	5.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	106,645	52,450	54,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	93,420	45,600	47,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	48,490	24,115	24,375	51.9	52.9	51.0
Married	37,580	18,685	18,895	40.2	41.0	39.5
Living common-law	10,910	5,435	5,480	11.7	11.9	11.5
Living common law - Never married	8,055	4,030	4,025	8.6	8.8	8.4
Living common law - Separated	550	290	260	0.6	0.6	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	1,990	1,000	995	2.1	2.2	2.1
Living common law - Widowed	315	110	205	0.3	0.2	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	44,930	21,480	23,450	48.1	47.1	49.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	28,885	16,085	12,800	30.9	35.3	26.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,200	1,335	1,860	3.4	2.9	3.9
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,200	2,550	3,655	6.6	5.6	7.6
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	6,640	1,515	5,130	7.1	3.3	10.7
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	29,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	16,975	...	...	57.0	...	...
3 persons	6,115	...	...	20.5	...	...
4 persons	4,845	...	...	16.3	...	...
5 or more persons	1,840	...	...	6.2	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	29,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	23,765	...	...	79.8	...	...
Married couples	18,310	...	...	61.5	...	...
With children⁶	8,470	...	...	28.4	...	...
Without children	9,840	...	...	33.0	...	...
Common-law couples	5,455	...	...	18.3	...	...
With children⁶	2,060	...	...	6.9	...	...
Without children	3,390	...	...	11.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	6,010	...	...	20.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,620	...	...	15.5	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,390	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	106,645	52,450	54,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	81,550	40,140	41,415	76.5	76.5	76.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	47,530	23,695	23,835	44.6	45.2	44.0
Parents in one-parent families	6,010	1,390	4,615	5.6	2.7	8.5
Children⁶	28,015	15,055	12,955	26.3	28.7	23.9
In a two-parent family	18,750	10,050	8,700	17.6	19.2	16.1
In a one-parent family	9,260	5,005	4,255	8.7	9.5	7.9
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	25,090	12,305	12,780	23.5	23.5	23.6
Living alone	16,770	7,650	9,115	15.7	14.6	16.8
Living with other relatives⁷	2,550	1,190	1,355	2.4	2.3	2.5
Living with non-relatives only	5,775	3,470	2,305	5.4	6.6	4.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	48,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	26,970	...	...	55.7	...	...
Couple-family households	22,105	...	...	45.7	...	...
With children⁶	9,800	...	...	20.2	...	...
Without children	12,310	...	...	25.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,865	...	...	10.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	845	...	...	1.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	150	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,295	...	...	2.7	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,385	...	...	4.9	...	...
One-person households	16,765	...	...	34.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	91,235	44,545	46,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	88,210	42,920	45,295	96.7	96.4	97.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800	47,600	38,800	42,800	47,600	38,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	88,250	42,935	45,310	96.7	96.4	97.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	42,400	35,600	38,800	42,400	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,090	38,640	39,450	85.6	86.7	84.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	42,000	30,800	36,400	42,000	30,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	60,710	30,965	29,745	66.5	69.5	63.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	42,000	34,000	38,000	42,000	34,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80,710	38,725	41,985	88.5	86.9	89.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,400	9,200	11,600	10,400	9,200	11,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,005	4,630	4,375	9.9	10.4	9.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,720	5,480	5,520	5,720	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	22,330	10,595	11,740	24.5	23.8	25.1
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	91,235	44,570	46,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	88,460	43,050	45,405	97.0	96.6	97.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,000	56,600	45,680	51,000	56,600	45,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	88,495	43,065	45,430	97.0	96.6	97.4
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,600	47,600	39,800	43,600	47,600	39,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,135	38,690	39,440	85.6	86.8	84.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,880	52,450	39,400	45,880	52,450	39,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	60,710	31,040	29,670	66.5	69.6	63.6
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,120	51,080	40,920	46,120	51,080	40,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80,800	38,885	41,915	88.6	87.2	89.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,470	10,470	12,400	11,470	10,470	12,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,895	4,560	4,335	9.7	10.2	9.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,750	6,680	6,820	6,750	6,680	6,820
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,950	10,400	11,550	24.1	23.3	24.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,680	8,410	8,910	8,680	8,410	8,910
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	91,235	44,570	46,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	27,350	14,635	12,715	30.0	32.8	27.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,500	69,000	59,600	64,500	69,000	59,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	71,800	77,300	65,400	71,800	77,300	65,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,735	11,810	12,930	27.1	26.5	27.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,600	21,400	18,200	19,600	21,400	18,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,080	31,800	24,720	28,080	31,800	24,720
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.4	83.2	75.0	79.4	83.2	75.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	62.1	65.0	58.5	62.1	65.0	58.5
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.6	16.7	25.1	20.6	16.7	25.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.9	4.0	6.0	4.9	4.0	6.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.2	3.6	5.0	4.2	3.6	5.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	91,235	44,545	46,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,020	1,630	1,395	3.3	3.7	3.0
With total income	88,215	42,920	45,295	96.7	96.4	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,825	2,635	3,185	6.6	6.1	7.0
$10,000 to $19,999	10,045	4,245	5,795	11.4	9.9	12.8
$20,000 to $29,999	13,250	5,580	7,670	15.0	13.0	16.9
$30,000 to $39,999	11,850	5,175	6,675	13.4	12.1	14.7
$40,000 to $49,999	10,805	5,010	5,795	12.2	11.7	12.8
$50,000 to $59,999	8,940	4,325	4,610	10.1	10.1	10.2
$60,000 to $69,999	7,060	3,655	3,405	8.0	8.5	7.5
$70,000 to $79,999	5,380	2,940	2,440	6.1	6.8	5.4
$80,000 to $89,999	3,805	2,170	1,630	4.3	5.1	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	3,040	1,775	1,265	3.4	4.1	2.8
$100,000 and over	8,230	5,400	2,830	9.3	12.6	6.2
$100,000 to $149,999	6,165	3,890	2,270	7.0	9.1	5.0
$150,000 and over	2,065	1,510	560	2.3	3.5	1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	91,235	44,545	46,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,990	1,610	1,380	3.3	3.6	3.0
With after-tax income	88,245	42,940	45,310	96.7	96.4	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,205	2,725	3,480	7.0	6.3	7.7
$10,000 to $19,999	10,400	4,410	5,990	11.8	10.3	13.2
$20,000 to $29,999	15,120	6,345	8,775	17.1	14.8	19.4
$30,000 to $39,999	14,150	6,505	7,645	16.0	15.1	16.9
$40,000 to $49,999	12,555	6,010	6,545	14.2	14.0	14.4
$50,000 to $59,999	9,550	4,835	4,720	10.8	11.3	10.4
$60,000 to $69,999	6,615	3,665	2,950	7.5	8.5	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	4,600	2,685	1,915	5.2	6.3	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	3,410	1,945	1,470	3.9	4.5	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,985	1,260	725	2.2	2.9	1.6
$100,000 and over	3,660	2,555	1,105	4.1	6.0	2.4
$100,000 to $124,999	2,120	1,460	660	2.4	3.4	1.5
$125,000 and over	1,540	1,100	445	1.7	2.6	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	91,235	44,545	46,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	30,525	13,580	16,945	33.5	30.5	36.3
With employment income	60,710	30,965	29,740	66.5	69.5	63.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,640	4,335	4,305	14.2	14.0	14.5
$5,000 to $9,999	4,460	1,945	2,515	7.3	6.3	8.5
$10,000 to $19,999	7,080	3,260	3,820	11.7	10.5	12.8
$20,000 to $29,999	5,805	2,735	3,070	9.6	8.8	10.3
$30,000 to $39,999	5,495	2,685	2,810	9.1	8.7	9.4
$40,000 to $49,999	5,505	2,440	3,070	9.1	7.9	10.3
$50,000 to $59,999	5,160	2,510	2,650	8.5	8.1	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	4,240	2,180	2,065	7.0	7.0	6.9
$70,000 to $79,999	3,350	1,870	1,480	5.5	6.0	5.0
$80,000 to $89,999	2,625	1,575	1,055	4.3	5.1	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,370	1,325	1,040	3.9	4.3	3.5
$100,000 and over	5,980	4,110	1,870	9.9	13.3	6.3
$100,000 to $124,999	3,260	2,090	1,165	5.4	6.7	3.9
$125,000 and over	2,725	2,025	700	4.5	6.5	2.4
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	91,235	44,545	46,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	87,060	42,250	44,810	95.4	94.8	96.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	46,400	36,400	40,800	46,400	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	87,095	42,255	44,840	95.5	94.9	96.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	41,200	33,200	36,800	41,200	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	77,610	38,235	39,365	85.1	85.8	84.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	44,000	32,400	37,600	44,000	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	61,295	30,980	30,320	67.2	69.5	64.9
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	44,000	34,800	38,800	44,000	34,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,695	36,630	40,070	84.1	82.2	85.8
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,640	2,940	7,350	5,640	2,940	7,350
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	7,385	3,940	3,450	8.1	8.8	7.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,400	5,120	5,560	5,400	5,120	5,560
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	91,235	44,570	46,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	87,180	42,270	44,910	95.6	94.8	96.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,760	54,850	43,040	48,760	54,850	43,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	87,185	42,270	44,915	95.6	94.8	96.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,480	45,840	37,360	41,480	45,840	37,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	77,620	38,250	39,370	85.1	85.8	84.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,160	53,050	39,520	46,160	53,050	39,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	61,275	31,095	30,180	67.2	69.8	64.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,080	51,500	40,480	46,080	51,500	40,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,695	36,665	40,025	84.1	82.3	85.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,710	7,930	9,420	8,710	7,930	9,420
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,265	3,820	3,445	8.0	8.6	7.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,930	6,410	7,500	6,930	6,410	7,500
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	91,235	44,570	46,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	27,160	14,485	12,670	29.8	32.5	27.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,400	66,000	55,200	60,400	66,000	55,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,600	73,400	60,950	67,600	73,400	60,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,420	11,080	12,340	25.7	24.9	26.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,600	27,400	22,400	24,600	27,400	22,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,880	37,440	28,760	32,880	37,440	28,760
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.2	87.4	80.4	84.2	87.4	80.4
Employment income (%)	66.4	69.0	63.2	66.4	69.0	63.2
Government transfers (%)	15.7	12.5	19.5	15.7	12.5	19.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.1	1.3	1.2	1.1	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	48,405	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	16,765	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,200	...	...	41,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	37,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	31,640	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	48,405	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	93,200	...	...	93,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	79,700	...	...	79,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	16,775	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,960	...	...	48,960	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,280	...	...	42,280	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	31,630	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,600	...	...	116,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,600	...	...	99,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	48,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	410	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	280	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	990	...	...	2.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,110	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,940	...	...	4.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,905	...	...	3.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,810	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,835	...	...	3.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,005	...	...	4.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,930	...	...	4.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,815	...	...	7.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,595	...	...	7.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,390	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,055	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,775	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,565	...	...	36.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,565	...	...	11.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,900	...	...	8.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,630	...	...	9.6	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,470	...	...	7.2	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	48,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	440	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	290	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,010	...	...	2.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,150	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,050	...	...	4.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,210	...	...	4.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,140	...	...	4.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,245	...	...	4.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,310	...	...	4.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,245	...	...	4.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,480	...	...	9.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,030	...	...	8.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,780	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,420	...	...	7.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,845	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,765	...	...	28.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,440	...	...	11.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,585	...	...	7.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,735	...	...	9.8	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	29,820	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	12,580	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,645	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,000	...	...	143,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,690	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	22,545	11,115	11,425	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	38,000	36,800	37,200	38,000	36,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,400	34,800	34,000	34,400	34,800	34,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	29,815	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,300	...	...	117,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,800	...	...	99,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,610	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	104,500	...	...	104,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,670	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	155,400	...	...	155,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,640	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,100	...	...	77,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,200	...	...	69,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	22,480	10,915	11,565	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,080	46,440	43,800	45,080	46,440	43,800
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,280	40,040	38,560	39,280	40,040	38,560
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	106,640	52,450	54,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,565	9,530	9,030	17.4	18.2	16.7
0 to 5 years	5,865	2,990	2,875	5.5	5.7	5.3
18 to 64 years	65,655	32,560	33,095	61.6	62.1	61.1
65 years and over	22,420	10,355	12,065	21.0	19.7	22.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,415	5,740	6,675	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,835	1,470	1,360	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,010	515	495	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,125	3,410	3,715	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,455	860	1,595	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.6	11.0	12.3	11.6	11.0	12.3
0 to 17 years (%)	15.3	15.4	15.1	15.3	15.4	15.1
0 to 5 years (%)	17.2	17.2	17.2	17.2	17.2	17.2
18 to 64 years (%)	10.9	10.5	11.2	10.9	10.5	11.2
65 years and over (%)	11.0	8.3	13.2	11.0	8.3	13.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	106,645	52,450	54,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,565	9,535	9,035	17.4	18.2	16.7
0 to 5 years	5,865	2,985	2,880	5.5	5.7	5.3
18 to 64 years	65,660	32,560	33,095	61.6	62.1	61.1
65 years and over	22,420	10,360	12,065	21.0	19.8	22.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	5,630	3,025	2,605	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	865	450	415	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	335	170	170	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,460	2,460	2,000	...	...	...
65 years and over	310	120	190	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.3	5.8	4.8	5.3	5.8	4.8
0 to 17 years (%)	4.7	4.7	4.6	4.7	4.7	4.6
0 to 5 years (%)	5.8	5.6	5.9	5.8	5.6	5.9
18 to 64 years (%)	6.8	7.6	6.0	6.8	7.6	6.0
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.1	1.6	1.4	1.1	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	106,645	52,450	54,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	52,580	25,215	27,365	49.3	48.1	50.5
In bottom decile	11,965	5,885	6,080	11.2	11.2	11.2
In second decile	10,605	4,840	5,765	9.9	9.2	10.6
In third decile	10,140	4,830	5,310	9.5	9.2	9.8
In fourth decile	9,820	4,750	5,075	9.2	9.1	9.4
In fifth decile	10,055	4,910	5,140	9.4	9.4	9.5
In top half of the distribution	54,065	27,235	26,830	50.7	51.9	49.5
In sixth decile	10,820	5,320	5,500	10.1	10.1	10.1
In seventh decile	11,295	5,635	5,660	10.6	10.7	10.4
In eighth decile	11,125	5,595	5,530	10.4	10.7	10.2
In ninth decile	11,570	5,885	5,685	10.8	11.2	10.5
In top decile	9,250	4,800	4,450	8.7	9.2	8.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	106,645	...	...	106,645	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.312	...	...	0.312	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.432	...	...	0.432	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.277	...	...	0.277	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	107,185	52,665	54,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	98,045	48,755	49,290	91.5	92.6	90.4
French only	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	8,565	3,645	4,920	8.0	6.9	9.0
Neither English nor French	500	230	275	0.5	0.4	0.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	107,185	52,665	54,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	104,655	51,485	53,170	97.6	97.8	97.5
French	1,925	915	1,010	1.8	1.7	1.9
English and French	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Neither English nor French	455	200	250	0.4	0.4	0.5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	107,185	52,665	54,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	104,695	51,460	53,230	97.7	97.7	97.6
Official languages	93,130	45,905	47,225	86.9	87.2	86.6
English	91,050	44,920	46,130	84.9	85.3	84.6
French	2,080	985	1,095	1.9	1.9	2.0
Non-official languages	11,560	5,555	6,005	10.8	10.5	11.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,015	410	605	0.9	0.8	1.1
Algonquian languages	1,010	405	600	0.9	0.8	1.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	925	375	555	0.9	0.7	1.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	390	145	245	0.4	0.3	0.4
Ojibway languages	540	230	310	0.5	0.4	0.6
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	525	225	300	0.5	0.4	0.6
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,545	5,150	5,400	9.8	9.8	9.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	415	230	185	0.4	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	385	220	165	0.4	0.4	0.3
Amharic	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	360	195	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	165	70	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	165	70	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	305	120	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	245	95	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	665	450	215	0.6	0.9	0.4
Kannada	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	475	325	155	0.4	0.6	0.3
Tamil	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	115	80	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,570	3,210	3,365	6.1	6.1	6.2
Albanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,570	675	900	1.5	1.3	1.7
Baltic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,550	665	885	1.4	1.3	1.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	670	280	385	0.6	0.5	0.7
Russian	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	255	130	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	210	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	345	130	215	0.3	0.2	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	625	295	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Frisian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	395	185	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
German	385	185	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	165	75	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Afrikaans	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,350	780	570	1.3	1.5	1.0
Indo-Aryan languages	1,160	680	485	1.1	1.3	0.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	320	215	110	0.3	0.4	0.2
Hindi	245	145	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kacchi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	250	140	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	185	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	160	85	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Dari	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,885	1,390	1,500	2.7	2.6	2.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	2,180	1,035	1,140	2.0	2.0	2.1
Portuguese	300	150	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	360	180	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	815	410	405	0.8	0.8	0.7
Chinese languages	585	290	295	0.5	0.6	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	370	190	180	0.3	0.4	0.3
Min Dong	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	175	75	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	230	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Burmese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	210	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
S'gaw Karen	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	1,305	530	780	1.2	1.0	1.4
Estonian	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	1,195	480	715	1.1	0.9	1.3
Hungarian	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,495	1,205	1,285	2.3	2.3	2.4
English and French	610	280	335	0.6	0.5	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	1,705	840	865	1.6	1.6	1.6
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	135	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	107,185	52,665	54,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	95,525	47,070	48,450	89.1	89.4	88.9
French	400	195	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official language	1,870	890	985	1.7	1.7	1.8
Indigenous³⁹	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	1,740	835	905	1.6	1.6	1.7
English and French	1,445	615	830	1.3	1.2	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	7,575	3,725	3,855	7.1	7.1	7.1
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	205	80	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	150	80	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	107,185	52,665	54,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	105,545	51,880	53,665	98.5	98.5	98.4
Official languages	101,465	49,835	51,630	94.7	94.6	94.7
English	100,885	49,555	51,330	94.1	94.1	94.2
French	580	275	300	0.5	0.5	0.6
Non-official languages	4,085	2,050	2,035	3.8	3.9	3.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	260	110	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Algonquian languages	260	105	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	235	95	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway languages	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,825	1,945	1,885	3.6	3.7	3.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	260	145	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	230	130	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	210	115	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	165	75	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	410	285	125	0.4	0.5	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	300	200	95	0.3	0.4	0.2
Tamil	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	75	65	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,040	985	1,050	1.9	1.9	1.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	375	165	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	365	165	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	190	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	60	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	770	450	325	0.7	0.9	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	665	390	270	0.6	0.7	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	160	105	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	120	80	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	175	105	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	815	335	475	0.8	0.6	0.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	575	220	350	0.5	0.4	0.6
Portuguese	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	145	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	475	245	230	0.4	0.5	0.4
Chinese languages	310	150	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	165	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Burmese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	150	85	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
S'gaw Karen	135	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	240	95	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	230	95	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Hungarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,635	785	850	1.5	1.5	1.6
English and French	210	90	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	1,395	685	715	1.3	1.3	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	107,185	52,670	54,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	99,210	48,830	50,385	92.6	92.7	92.4
English	1,970	985	990	1.8	1.9	1.8
French	1,110	470	640	1.0	0.9	1.2
Non-official language	4,130	1,980	2,145	3.9	3.8	3.9
Indigenous³⁹	675	270	410	0.6	0.5	0.8
Non-Indigenous	3,450	1,715	1,735	3.2	3.3	3.2
English and French	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	265	165	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	125	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	360	180	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	106,645	52,450	54,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	106,090	52,160	53,930	99.5	99.4	99.5
English	106,035	52,120	53,910	99.4	99.4	99.5
French	8,560	3,710	4,855	8.0	7.1	9.0
Non-official languages	15,905	7,680	8,225	14.9	14.6	15.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,765	710	1,050	1.7	1.4	1.9
Algonquian languages	1,745	700	1,040	1.6	1.3	1.9
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,630	645	985	1.5	1.2	1.8
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	535	190	345	0.5	0.4	0.6
Ojibway languages	1,130	470	665	1.1	0.9	1.2
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	1,095	460	640	1.0	0.9	1.2
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	14,155	6,975	7,185	13.3	13.3	13.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	625	370	255	0.6	0.7	0.5
Berber languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	600	360	240	0.6	0.7	0.4
Amharic	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	530	320	210	0.5	0.6	0.4
Aramaic languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	225	90	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	225	90	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	395	135	260	0.4	0.3	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	335	100	230	0.3	0.2	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	930	620	310	0.9	1.2	0.6
Kannada	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	670	430	235	0.6	0.8	0.4
Tamil	155	100	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Telugu	200	155	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	9,340	4,640	4,695	8.8	8.8	8.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,775	810	970	1.7	1.5	1.8
Baltic languages	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,755	800	945	1.6	1.5	1.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	720	320	400	0.7	0.6	0.7
Russian	190	110	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	355	190	165	0.3	0.4	0.3
Bosnian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	295	165	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Serbian	80	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	405	175	235	0.4	0.3	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,010	465	545	0.9	0.9	1.0
Frisian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	695	315	380	0.7	0.6	0.7
German	680	305	380	0.6	0.6	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	45	40	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dutch	160	65	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	135	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	35	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	185	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	1,980	1,140	840	1.9	2.2	1.5
Indo-Aryan languages	1,760	1,030	725	1.7	2.0	1.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	445	285	155	0.4	0.5	0.3
Hindi	1,150	740	410	1.1	1.4	0.8
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nepali	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	390	225	170	0.4	0.4	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	160	95	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	225	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	165	75	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,570	2,230	2,345	4.3	4.3	4.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	3,255	1,600	1,650	3.1	3.1	3.0
Portuguese	385	205	185	0.4	0.4	0.3
Romanian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,015	470	545	1.0	0.9	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	220	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	40	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	150	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	140	50	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,080	540	540	1.0	1.0	1.0
Chinese languages	760	355	405	0.7	0.7	0.7
Hakka	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	500	230	270	0.5	0.4	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	270	115	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	325	185	135	0.3	0.4	0.2
Burmese	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	295	170	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
S'gaw Karen	265	150	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	1,400	600	805	1.3	1.1	1.5
Estonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	1,320	550	770	1.2	1.0	1.4
Hungarian	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	106,640	52,450	54,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	15,055	7,075	7,980	14.1	13.5	14.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	14,705	6,925	7,785	13.8	13.2	14.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	11,470	5,430	6,045	10.8	10.4	11.2
Métis	3,225	1,490	1,735	3.0	2.8	3.2
Inuk (Inuit)	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	160	85	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	190	65	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	91,585	45,370	46,215	85.9	86.5	85.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	106,640	52,450	54,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	9,995	4,705	5,295	9.4	9.0	9.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	96,645	47,750	48,900	90.6	91.0	90.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	48,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	32,765	...	...	67.7	...	...
Renter	15,640	...	...	32.3	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	48,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,115	...	...	4.4	...	...
Not condominium	46,290	...	...	95.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	48,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	195	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	6,065	...	...	12.5	...	...
2 bedrooms	12,175	...	...	25.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	17,925	...	...	37.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	12,050	...	...	24.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	48,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	11,985	...	...	24.8	...	...
5 rooms	7,920	...	...	16.4	...	...
6 rooms	7,845	...	...	16.2	...	...
7 rooms	6,695	...	...	13.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	13,965	...	...	28.9	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	48,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	47,950	...	...	99.1	...	...
More than one person per room	450	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	48,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	46,790	...	...	96.7	...	...
Not suitable	1,615	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	48,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	18,775	...	...	38.8	...	...
1961 to 1980	16,535	...	...	34.2	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,980	...	...	10.3	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,935	...	...	8.1	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,090	...	...	2.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,105	...	...	2.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,085	...	...	2.2	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	905	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	48,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	44,750	...	...	92.4	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,650	...	...	7.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	48,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	27,130	...	...	56.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	19,730	...	...	40.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,545	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	48,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,640	...	...	3.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,690	...	...	13.8	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,070	...	...	14.6	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,675	...	...	15.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,115	...	...	20.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,535	...	...	17.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,815	...	...	9.9	...	...
85 years and over	1,870	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	48,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	40,520	...	...	84.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,700	...	...	16.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,045	...	...	14.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	48,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,895	...	...	24.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,825	...	...	14.1	...	...
Not suitable only	1,290	...	...	2.7	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,740	...	...	5.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	130	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	715	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	170	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	36,510	...	...	75.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	47,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,240	...	...	8.9	...	...
Not in core need	43,325	...	...	91.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	32,760	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	53.1	...	...	53.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.1	...	...	9.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	950	...	...	950	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,146	...	...	1,146	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	317,200	...	...	317,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	15,645	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	22.9	...	...	22.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	30.4	...	...	30.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	19.8	...	...	19.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	970	...	...	970	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	994	...	...	994	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	106,645	52,450	54,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	7,840	3,725	4,115	7.4	7.1	7.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	7,800	3,700	4,100	7.3	7.1	7.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	7,285	3,465	3,825	6.8	6.6	7.1
Métis single ancestry	505	235	275	0.5	0.4	0.5
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	7,735	3,640	4,095	7.3	6.9	7.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	7,520	3,545	3,975	7.1	6.8	7.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	5,525	2,640	2,890	5.2	5.0	5.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,960	895	1,060	1.8	1.7	2.0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	220	95	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	190	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	91,065	45,080	45,980	85.4	85.9	84.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	106,645	52,450	54,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	102,015	49,905	52,105	95.7	95.1	96.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	18,290	9,395	8,895	17.2	17.9	16.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	83,725	40,510	43,215	78.5	77.2	79.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	4,630	2,540	2,085	4.3	4.8	3.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	106,645	52,450	54,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	94,750	46,365	48,390	88.8	88.4	89.3
Immigrants⁸¹	9,190	4,450	4,740	8.6	8.5	8.7
Before 1980	4,790	2,285	2,505	4.5	4.4	4.6
1980 to 1990	860	385	475	0.8	0.7	0.9
1991 to 2000	765	370	395	0.7	0.7	0.7
2001 to 2010	1,110	560	545	1.0	1.1	1.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,665	845	820	1.6	1.6	1.5
2011 to 2015	595	290	305	0.6	0.6	0.6
2016 to 2021	1,070	560	515	1.0	1.1	1.0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,695	1,630	1,070	2.5	3.1	2.0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	9,190	4,450	4,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,310	685	630	14.3	15.4	13.3
5 to 14 years	1,930	1,010	915	21.0	22.7	19.3
15 to 24 years	2,375	1,130	1,250	25.8	25.4	26.3
25 to 44 years	3,220	1,480	1,740	35.0	33.3	36.7
45 years and over	355	145	210	3.9	3.3	4.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	9,190	4,450	4,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,215	490	720	13.2	11.0	15.2
Brazil	35	15	25	0.4	0.3	0.5
Colombia	70	55	15	0.8	1.2	0.3
El Salvador	25	15	0	0.3	0.3	0.0
Guyana	30	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.4
Haiti	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	50	35	15	0.5	0.8	0.3
Mexico	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.4
Peru	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	50	15	35	0.5	0.3	0.7
United States of America	635	205	430	6.9	4.6	9.1
Other places of birth in Americas	265	135	135	2.9	3.0	2.8
Europe	5,255	2,550	2,705	57.2	57.3	57.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	35	10	25	0.4	0.2	0.5
Croatia	145	80	70	1.6	1.8	1.5
France	70	20	50	0.8	0.4	1.1
Germany	395	190	210	4.3	4.3	4.4
Greece	75	40	40	0.8	0.9	0.8
Hungary	45	25	20	0.5	0.6	0.4
Italy	1,665	830	835	18.1	18.7	17.6
Netherlands	125	60	60	1.4	1.3	1.3
Poland	395	175	215	4.3	3.9	4.5
Portugal	210	120	90	2.3	2.7	1.9
Romania	35	15	20	0.4	0.3	0.4
Russian Federation	50	30	20	0.5	0.7	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	25	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.4
Ukraine	45	10	35	0.5	0.2	0.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	935	505	435	10.2	11.3	9.2
Other places of birth in Europe	995	435	560	10.8	9.8	11.8
Africa	445	265	185	4.8	6.0	3.9
Algeria	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Egypt	45	25	15	0.5	0.6	0.3
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	25	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Morocco	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Nigeria	35	15	20	0.4	0.3	0.4
Somalia	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	70	40	30	0.8	0.9	0.6
Other places of birth in Africa	220	120	100	2.4	2.7	2.1
Asia	2,210	1,100	1,115	24.0	24.7	23.5
Afghanistan	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	90	45	45	1.0	1.0	0.9
Iraq	35	15	25	0.4	0.3	0.5
Lebanon	35	30	0	0.4	0.7	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	105	60	40	1.1	1.3	0.8
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	285	135	155	3.1	3.0	3.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	65	25	35	0.7	0.6	0.7
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Philippines	305	90	215	3.3	2.0	4.5
Viet Nam	140	55	85	1.5	1.2	1.8
Bangladesh	110	50	60	1.2	1.1	1.3
India	350	215	130	3.8	4.8	2.7
Pakistan	100	35	65	1.1	0.8	1.4
Sri Lanka	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Other places of birth in Asia	530	310	215	5.8	7.0	4.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	65	40	20	0.7	0.9	0.4
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,075	560	515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	185	85	95	17.2	15.2	18.4
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	20	10	0	1.9	1.8	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	0	10	0.9	0.0	1.9
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	75	35	35	7.0	6.3	6.8
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	10	0	1.4	1.8	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	55	25	30	5.1	4.5	5.8
Europe	115	65	50	10.7	11.6	9.7
France	20	0	15	1.9	0.0	2.9
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	10	10	1.4	1.8	1.9
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	10	0.9	0.0	1.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	35	0	3.3	6.3	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	20	10	10	1.9	1.8	1.9
Africa	115	60	60	10.7	10.7	11.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	25	15	10	2.3	2.7	1.9
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	20	10	0	1.9	1.8	0.0
Somalia	10	0	0	0.9	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	15	10	10	1.4	1.8	1.9
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	0	15	1.9	0.0	2.9
Asia	635	325	315	59.1	58.0	61.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	35	20	20	3.3	3.6	3.9
China⁹⁰	40	15	25	3.7	2.7	4.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	210	125	85	19.5	22.3	16.5
Iran⁸⁸	15	0	10	1.4	0.0	1.9
Iraq	25	0	20	2.3	0.0	3.9
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.9	0.0	1.9
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	45	20	30	4.2	3.6	5.8
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	95	30	65	8.8	5.4	12.6
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	90	55	40	8.4	9.8	7.8
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	20	10	0	1.9	1.8	0.0
Viet Nam	25	15	15	2.3	2.7	2.9
Other places of birth in Asia	20	15	0	1.9	2.7	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	20	20	0	1.9	3.6	0.0
Australia	20	20	0	1.9	3.6	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	106,640	52,450	54,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	12,475	6,385	6,090	11.7	12.2	11.2
Second generation¹⁰¹	17,885	8,820	9,070	16.8	16.8	16.7
Third generation or more¹⁰²	76,285	37,245	39,040	71.5	71.0	72.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	4,405	2,165	2,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,950	980	970	44.3	45.3	43.3
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	865	540	320	19.6	24.9	14.3
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,085	440	645	24.6	20.3	28.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,440	570	870	32.7	26.3	38.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,005	605	400	22.8	27.9	17.9
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	4,405	2,165	2,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	150	110	40	3.4	5.1	1.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	490	240	255	11.1	11.1	11.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	235	80	155	5.3	3.7	6.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	345	190	155	7.8	8.8	6.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	65	30	30	1.5	1.4	1.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,120	1,515	1,605	70.8	70.0	71.7
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	106,640	52,450	54,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	7,965	4,380	3,585	7.5	8.4	6.6
South Asian	2,745	1,685	1,060	2.6	3.2	2.0
Chinese	1,020	525	490	1.0	1.0	0.9
Black	1,185	650	535	1.1	1.2	1.0
Filipino	400	150	245	0.4	0.3	0.5
Arab	450	285	175	0.4	0.5	0.3
Latin American	390	180	210	0.4	0.3	0.4
Southeast Asian	735	360	375	0.7	0.7	0.7
West Asian	175	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Japanese	315	180	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	160	65	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	240	135	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	98,680	48,075	50,605	92.5	91.7	93.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	106,645	52,450	54,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	11,660	5,780	5,880	10.9	11.0	10.8
English	24,120	11,560	12,555	22.6	22.0	23.2
Irish	19,140	8,980	10,160	17.9	17.1	18.7
Scottish	20,605	10,005	10,605	19.3	19.1	19.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	14,485	6,895	7,590	13.6	13.1	14.0
German	9,940	4,855	5,085	9.3	9.3	9.4
Chinese	1,140	585	555	1.1	1.1	1.0
Italian	15,225	7,765	7,460	14.3	14.8	13.8
Indian (India)	1,815	1,160	655	1.7	2.2	1.2
Ukrainian	12,285	5,805	6,480	11.5	11.1	12.0
Dutch	3,155	1,540	1,610	3.0	2.9	3.0
Polish	6,470	2,975	3,485	6.1	5.7	6.4
Québécois	230	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,785	1,290	1,495	2.6	2.5	2.8
Filipino	440	180	260	0.4	0.3	0.5
French Canadian	1,570	715	855	1.5	1.4	1.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,260	620	640	1.2	1.2	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	5,915	2,815	3,100	5.5	5.4	5.7
Métis	2,710	1,250	1,460	2.5	2.4	2.7
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,435	740	690	1.3	1.4	1.3
Russian	1,170	545	625	1.1	1.0	1.2
Norwegian	2,635	1,285	1,350	2.5	2.4	2.5
Welsh	1,770	840	930	1.7	1.6	1.7
Portuguese	895	495	400	0.8	0.9	0.7
American	1,050	470	580	1.0	0.9	1.1
Spanish	515	205	305	0.5	0.4	0.6
Swedish	3,925	1,790	2,125	3.7	3.4	3.9
Hungarian	875	445	435	0.8	0.8	0.8
Acadian	145	45	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pakistani	150	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	180	80	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	345	155	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Punjabi	175	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vietnamese	305	115	190	0.3	0.2	0.4
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	250	135	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Greek	700	370	335	0.7	0.7	0.6
Jamaican	285	135	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	665	295	365	0.6	0.6	0.7
Korean	160	70	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Romanian	495	255	245	0.5	0.5	0.5
Lebanese	180	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	220	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	270	140	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Danish	970	440	525	0.9	0.8	1.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	2,195	1,105	1,090	2.1	2.1	2.0
Sikh	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austrian	735	380	360	0.7	0.7	0.7
Belgian	370	145	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Haitian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	280	175	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mexican	125	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	175	75	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Swiss	350	170	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Finnish	10,705	5,050	5,655	10.0	9.6	10.4
Sri Lankan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	985	470	515	0.9	0.9	1.0
Japanese	385	220	165	0.4	0.4	0.3
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	135	100	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	190	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	540	225	315	0.5	0.4	0.6
Muslim	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	60	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	620	290	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Colombian	85	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Moroccan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	330	170	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Syrian	115	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	65	50	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbian	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	2,820	1,310	1,505	2.6	2.5	2.8
Newfoundlander	240	130	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	385	195	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Persian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	55	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	140	90	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Armenian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	1,955	1,015	945	1.8	1.9	1.7
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	300	140	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Somali	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
African Caribbean	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	90	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	95	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	25	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovenian	305	130	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	50	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
New Brunswicker	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	250	155	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Bulgarian	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	30	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	190	70	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bengali	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Argentinian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	160	65	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	110	30	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	525	240	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oji-Cree	615	250	365	0.6	0.5	0.7
Vincentian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Manitoban	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	25	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	265	145	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	106,640	52,450	54,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	260	125	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian	59,765	27,540	32,225	56.0	52.5	59.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,185	2,560	2,625	4.9	4.9	4.8
Anabaptist	55	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Anglican	5,300	2,380	2,925	5.0	4.5	5.4
Baptist	1,380	675	710	1.3	1.3	1.3
Catholic	32,440	15,245	17,195	30.4	29.1	31.7
Christian Orthodox	800	395	410	0.8	0.8	0.8
Jehovah's Witness	225	95	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latter Day Saints	170	65	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Lutheran	3,870	1,720	2,155	3.6	3.3	4.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	645	280	365	0.6	0.5	0.7
Presbyterian	1,655	765	880	1.6	1.5	1.6
Reformed	295	135	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
United Church	5,385	2,175	3,205	5.0	4.1	5.9
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,215	965	1,245	2.1	1.8	2.3
Hindu	1,220	800	420	1.1	1.5	0.8
Jewish	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	990	555	435	0.9	1.1	0.8
Sikh	245	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	600	285	320	0.6	0.5	0.6
Other religions and spiritual traditions	855	355	505	0.8	0.7	0.9
No religion and secular perspectives	42,600	22,620	19,980	39.9	43.1	36.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	105,795	52,050	53,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	93,360	45,850	47,510	88.2	88.1	88.4
Movers	12,435	6,205	6,235	11.8	11.9	11.6
Non-migrants	9,555	4,815	4,740	9.0	9.3	8.8
Migrants	2,885	1,390	1,495	2.7	2.7	2.8
Internal migrants	2,325	1,110	1,215	2.2	2.1	2.3
Intraprovincial migrants	1,785	840	945	1.7	1.6	1.8
Interprovincial migrants	535	265	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
External migrants	565	285	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	101,805	50,020	51,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	66,140	32,480	33,660	65.0	64.9	65.0
Movers	35,665	17,540	18,125	35.0	35.1	35.0
Non-migrants	22,185	10,730	11,455	21.8	21.5	22.1
Migrants	13,485	6,810	6,675	13.2	13.6	12.9
Internal migrants	10,245	4,935	5,315	10.1	9.9	10.3
Intraprovincial migrants	8,340	4,010	4,325	8.2	8.0	8.4
Interprovincial migrants	1,905	920	990	1.9	1.8	1.9
External migrants	3,235	1,875	1,360	3.2	3.7	2.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	91,235	44,570	46,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	17,825	9,340	8,485	19.5	21.0	18.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	73,410	35,230	38,180	80.5	79.0	81.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	56,165	27,535	28,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,965	3,890	3,075	12.4	14.1	10.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	49,200	23,640	25,560	87.6	85.9	89.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	91,235	44,570	46,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	15,530	7,910	7,620	17.0	17.7	16.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	25,180	12,450	12,730	27.6	27.9	27.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	50,525	24,215	26,310	55.4	54.3	56.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	29,945	15,160	14,780	32.8	34.0	31.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,260	4,925	1,335	6.9	11.1	2.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,595	1,705	890	2.8	3.8	1.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,660	3,220	445	4.0	7.2	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	22,040	9,455	12,585	24.2	21.2	27.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,645	780	865	1.8	1.8	1.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	20,585	9,055	11,530	22.6	20.3	24.7
Bachelor's degree	14,110	5,950	8,160	15.5	13.3	17.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,345	635	710	1.5	1.4	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	625	385	245	0.7	0.9	0.5
Master's degree	3,840	1,705	2,135	4.2	3.8	4.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	660	380	280	0.7	0.9	0.6
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	56,165	27,535	28,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,885	3,270	2,610	10.5	11.9	9.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	14,500	7,670	6,825	25.8	27.9	23.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	35,780	16,590	19,190	63.7	60.3	67.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,425	10,055	10,370	36.4	36.5	36.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,705	2,890	815	6.6	10.5	2.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,605	1,030	580	2.9	3.7	2.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,105	1,860	240	3.7	6.8	0.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,820	6,740	9,080	28.2	24.5	31.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	895	425	475	1.6	1.5	1.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	15,360	6,535	8,820	27.3	23.7	30.8
Bachelor's degree	10,380	4,345	6,030	18.5	15.8	21.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	955	395	565	1.7	1.4	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	495	270	220	0.9	1.0	0.8
Master's degree	3,025	1,250	1,780	5.4	4.5	6.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	500	275	230	0.9	1.0	0.8
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	91,235	44,570	46,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	40,710	20,355	20,355	44.6	45.7	43.6
Education	3,270	965	2,305	3.6	2.2	4.9
13. Education	3,270	965	2,305	3.6	2.2	4.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,110	585	525	1.2	1.3	1.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	85	70	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,025	510	515	1.1	1.1	1.1
Humanities	2,005	780	1,225	2.2	1.8	2.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	110	15	95	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	580	155	425	0.6	0.3	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	590	220	370	0.6	0.5	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	60	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	170	125	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
54. History	310	195	115	0.3	0.4	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	130	25	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,600	1,630	3,975	6.1	3.7	8.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	120	15	100	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	375	140	230	0.4	0.3	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,395	145	1,255	1.5	0.3	2.7
22. Legal professions and studies	565	225	340	0.6	0.5	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	205	60	140	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	1,365	315	1,045	1.5	0.7	2.2
45. Social sciences	1,585	730	855	1.7	1.6	1.8
Business, management and public administration	9,635	3,360	6,275	10.6	7.5	13.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,950	360	1,590	2.1	0.8	3.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,680	3,000	4,680	8.4	6.7	10.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,955	1,040	915	2.1	2.3	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	710	330	380	0.8	0.7	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	425	210	210	0.5	0.5	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	670	440	225	0.7	1.0	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	90	20	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,530	885	645	1.7	2.0	1.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,200	755	445	1.3	1.7	1.0
25. Library science	190	30	160	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	120	80	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,795	10,050	750	11.8	22.5	1.6
04. Architecture and related services	225	160	65	0.2	0.4	0.1
14. Engineering	1,870	1,580	285	2.0	3.5	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,770	2,520	255	3.0	5.7	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,970	1,940	30	2.2	4.4	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,440	2,390	45	2.7	5.4	0.1
48. Precision production	1,515	1,455	65	1.7	3.3	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,255	815	445	1.4	1.8	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	270	115	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	995	700	290	1.1	1.6	0.6
Health and related fields	9,940	2,070	7,870	10.9	4.6	16.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	885	420	465	1.0	0.9	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,780	1,500	7,285	9.6	3.4	15.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	225	140	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,405	2,040	1,370	3.7	4.6	2.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,515	485	1,030	1.7	1.1	2.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	895	665	235	1.0	1.5	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	985	880	105	1.1	2.0	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	56,165	27,535	28,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	20,385	10,940	9,440	36.3	39.7	33.0
Education	2,180	600	1,580	3.9	2.2	5.5
13. Education	2,180	600	1,580	3.9	2.2	5.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	875	460	415	1.6	1.7	1.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	65	55	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	810	405	410	1.4	1.5	1.4
Humanities	1,260	470	790	2.2	1.7	2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	65	10	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	350	95	255	0.6	0.3	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	405	150	250	0.7	0.5	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	90	70	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
54. History	215	125	90	0.4	0.5	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	90	10	85	0.2	0.0	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,140	1,105	3,030	7.4	4.0	10.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	70	0	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	285	110	175	0.5	0.4	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,040	105	930	1.9	0.4	3.2
22. Legal professions and studies	460	165	295	0.8	0.6	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	155	45	115	0.3	0.2	0.4
42. Psychology	1,015	200	815	1.8	0.7	2.8
45. Social sciences	1,110	480	625	2.0	1.7	2.2
Business, management and public administration	7,190	2,460	4,730	12.8	8.9	16.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,510	240	1,270	2.7	0.9	4.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,675	2,220	3,455	10.1	8.1	12.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,440	720	720	2.6	2.6	2.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	530	245	290	0.9	0.9	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	340	155	185	0.6	0.6	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	445	285	160	0.8	1.0	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,040	620	420	1.9	2.3	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	845	545	305	1.5	2.0	1.1
25. Library science	100	15	90	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	80	50	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,125	6,520	610	12.7	23.7	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	190	125	65	0.3	0.5	0.2
14. Engineering	1,395	1,165	225	2.5	4.2	0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,930	1,725	205	3.4	6.3	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,200	1,170	30	2.1	4.2	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,480	1,440	40	2.6	5.2	0.1
48. Precision production	940	900	40	1.7	3.3	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	910	560	355	1.6	2.0	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	180	80	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	730	475	250	1.3	1.7	0.9
Health and related fields	7,145	1,640	5,505	12.7	6.0	19.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	685	335	350	1.2	1.2	1.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,220	1,190	5,030	11.1	4.3	17.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	190	105	85	0.3	0.4	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,470	1,440	1,030	4.4	5.2	3.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,100	350	750	2.0	1.3	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	660	465	195	1.2	1.7	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	710	620	85	1.3	2.3	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	56,165	27,535	28,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,385	10,940	9,440	36.3	39.7	33.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	35,785	16,595	19,190	63.7	60.3	67.0
Location of study inside Canada	32,975	15,150	17,820	58.7	55.0	62.2
Same as province or territory of residence	30,845	14,245	16,600	54.9	51.7	58.0
Different than province or territory of residence	2,130	905	1,225	3.8	3.3	4.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,805	1,440	1,370	5.0	5.2	4.8
Americas	645	300	345	1.1	1.1	1.2
United States of America	480	220	260	0.9	0.8	0.9
Mexico	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Colombia	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	540	290	250	1.0	1.1	0.9
Belgium	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Russian Federation	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ukraine	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	205	125	80	0.4	0.5	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	95	40	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Africa	90	55	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Nigeria	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Asia	1,405	735	675	2.5	2.7	2.4
Iran⁸⁸	105	45	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	100	45	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	150	40	110	0.3	0.1	0.4
Viet Nam	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	780	475	305	1.4	1.7	1.1
Pakistan	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	125	70	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Australia	80	55	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
New Zealand	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	91,235	44,570	46,665	...	...	...
In the labour force	53,355	27,245	26,105	...	...	...
Employed	47,395	24,245	23,150	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,960	3,005	2,955	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	37,885	17,325	20,560	...	...	...
Participation rate	58.5	61.1	55.9	58.5	61.1	55.9
Employment rate	51.9	54.4	49.6	51.9	54.4	49.6
Unemployment rate	11.2	11.0	11.3	11.2	11.0	11.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	91,235	44,570	46,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	37,340	17,115	20,225	40.9	38.4	43.3
Worked	53,895	27,455	26,440	59.1	61.6	56.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	27,920	15,000	12,925	30.6	33.7	27.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	25,975	12,460	13,520	28.5	28.0	29.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.0	41.3	40.6	41.0	41.3	40.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	53,350	27,245	26,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,145	635	510	2.1	2.3	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	52,205	26,610	25,595	97.9	97.7	98.0
Employee	47,735	23,845	23,885	89.5	87.5	91.5
Permanent position	39,360	19,590	19,765	73.8	71.9	75.7
Temporary position	8,375	4,260	4,120	15.7	15.6	15.8
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,725	1,220	1,505	5.1	4.5	5.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,655	3,035	2,615	10.6	11.1	10.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,475	2,765	1,710	8.4	10.1	6.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	53,350	27,245	26,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,145	635	510	2.1	2.3	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	52,205	26,610	25,595	97.9	97.7	98.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	390	250	140	0.7	0.9	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,775	2,255	5,520	14.6	8.3	21.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,205	2,485	715	6.0	9.1	2.7
3 Health occupations	6,045	1,410	4,625	11.3	5.2	17.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,475	2,855	5,615	15.9	10.5	21.5
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,035	455	585	1.9	1.7	2.2
6 Sales and service occupations	13,845	6,425	7,420	26.0	23.6	28.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,000	8,330	670	16.9	30.6	2.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,155	975	185	2.2	3.6	0.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,290	1,170	120	2.4	4.3	0.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	53,350	27,245	26,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,145	635	510	2.1	2.3	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	52,205	26,610	25,595	97.9	97.7	98.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	795	535	255	1.5	2.0	1.0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	780	655	125	1.5	2.4	0.5
22 Utilities	660	500	165	1.2	1.8	0.6
23 Construction	3,600	3,205	395	6.7	11.8	1.5
31-33 Manufacturing	1,895	1,535	360	3.6	5.6	1.4
41 Wholesale trade	1,085	825	255	2.0	3.0	1.0
44-45 Retail trade	6,890	3,385	3,510	12.9	12.4	13.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,020	2,420	600	5.7	8.9	2.3
51 Information and cultural industries	865	530	335	1.6	1.9	1.3
52 Finance and insurance	1,100	430	670	2.1	1.6	2.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	580	365	215	1.1	1.3	0.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,965	1,685	1,280	5.6	6.2	4.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,765	1,210	550	3.3	4.4	2.1
61 Educational services	4,720	1,695	3,025	8.8	6.2	11.6
62 Health care and social assistance	10,685	2,220	8,465	20.0	8.1	32.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	840	445	400	1.6	1.6	1.5
72 Accommodation and food services	3,730	1,750	1,985	7.0	6.4	7.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,350	1,205	1,145	4.4	4.4	4.4
91 Public administration	3,865	2,010	1,855	7.2	7.4	7.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	57,725	29,500	28,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	55,960	28,845	27,115	96.9	97.8	96.1
French	310	90	215	0.5	0.3	0.8
Non-official language	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and French	750	295	460	1.3	1.0	1.6
English and non-official language(s)	645	240	400	1.1	0.8	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	57,725	29,500	28,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	57,555	29,400	28,155	99.7	99.7	99.8
Official languages	57,440	29,350	28,085	99.5	99.5	99.5
English	57,020	29,235	27,785	98.8	99.1	98.5
French	415	115	300	0.7	0.4	1.1
Non-official languages	115	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	55	15	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	55	15	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	55	15	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	170	100	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
English and French	85	50	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	85	55	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	57,725	29,500	28,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	56,465	29,045	27,425	97.8	98.5	97.2
English	175	55	115	0.3	0.2	0.4
French	560	220	335	1.0	0.7	1.2
Non-official language	490	175	315	0.8	0.6	1.1
Indigenous³⁹	215	65	150	0.4	0.2	0.5
Non-Indigenous	275	110	170	0.5	0.4	0.6
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	47,390	24,245	23,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	7,990	3,200	4,785	16.9	13.2	20.7
Worked outside Canada	60	40	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	5,155	3,910	1,240	10.9	16.1	5.4
Usual place of work	34,195	17,095	17,100	72.2	70.5	73.9
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	34,190	17,095	17,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	32,330	15,835	16,500	94.6	92.6	96.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,250	850	395	3.7	5.0	2.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	525	355	165	1.5	2.1	1.0
Commute to a different province or territory	90	50	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	39,345	21,005	18,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	34,820	18,640	16,180	88.5	88.7	88.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	32,030	17,335	14,695	81.4	82.5	80.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,785	1,300	1,485	7.1	6.2	8.1
Public transit	1,500	810	685	3.8	3.9	3.7
Walked	1,860	895	970	4.7	4.3	5.3
Bicycle	455	315	135	1.2	1.5	0.7
Other method	715	345	370	1.8	1.6	2.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	39,345	21,005	18,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	20,910	10,435	10,475	53.1	49.7	57.1
15 to 29 minutes	14,660	8,005	6,660	37.3	38.1	36.3
30 to 44 minutes	2,195	1,385	815	5.6	6.6	4.4
45 to 59 minutes	540	365	180	1.4	1.7	1.0
60 minutes and over	1,040	815	225	2.6	3.9	1.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	39,345	21,005	18,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,605	1,190	420	4.1	5.7	2.3
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,900	2,855	2,050	12.5	13.6	11.2
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,840	6,375	4,465	27.6	30.3	24.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	11,035	4,875	6,155	28.0	23.2	33.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,755	2,195	2,560	12.1	10.4	14.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,205	3,510	2,695	15.8	16.7	14.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	18,935	9,735	9,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,615	785	830	8.5	8.1	9.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,325	8,950	8,375	91.5	91.9	91.0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	13,760	7,110	6,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,220	590	630	8.9	8.3	9.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	720	350	370	5.2	4.9	5.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	500	245	260	3.6	3.4	3.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,545	6,520	6,025	91.2	91.7	90.5

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed December 13, 2025).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2024-08-02

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