Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Mono, Town (T)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	9,421
Population, 2016¹	8,609
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	9.4
Total private dwellings²	3,327
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	3,131
Population density per square kilometre	33.8
Land area in square kilometres	278.37
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	9,420
0 to 14 years	1,495
0 to 4 years	370
5 to 9 years	550
10 to 14 years	580
15 to 64 years	6,020
15 to 19 years	580
20 to 24 years	550
25 to 29 years	430
30 to 34 years	385
35 to 39 years	500
40 to 44 years	540
45 to 49 years	575
50 to 54 years	735
55 to 59 years	920
60 to 64 years	810
65 years and over	1,900
65 to 69 years	630
70 to 74 years	545
75 to 79 years	355
80 to 84 years	230
85 years and over	145
85 to 89 years	105
90 to 94 years	30
95 to 99 years	5
100 years and over	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.9
15 to 64 years	63.9
65 years and over	20.2
85 years and over	1.5
Average age of the population	43.6
Median age of the population	47.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	3,130
Single-detached house	3,065
Semi-detached house	5
Row house	0
Apartment or flat in a duplex	45
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	15
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0
Other single-attached house	5
Movable dwelling⁴	0
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	3,130
1 person	410
2 persons	1,155
3 persons	475
4 persons	585
5 or more persons	505
Number of persons in private households	9,370
Average household size	3.0
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	7,925
Married or living common-law	5,335
Married	4,665
Living common-law	670
Living common law - Never married	390
Living common law - Separated	30
Living common law - Divorced	225
Living common law - Widowed	25
Not married and not living common-law	2,590
Not married and not living common law - Never married	1,850
Not married and not living common law - Separated	120
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	265
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	355
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	2,875
2 persons	1,420
3 persons	515
4 persons	605
5 or more persons	335
Average size of census families	3.0
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	2,870
Total couple families	2,630
Married couples	2,295
With children⁶	1,240
Without children	1,055
Common-law couples	335
With children⁶	135
Without children	200
Total one-parent families	245
in which the parent is a woman+	165
in which the parent is a man+	75
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	9,370
Total - Persons in census families	8,595
Married spouses or common-law partners	5,260
Parents in one-parent families	240
Children⁶	3,090
In a two-parent family	2,735
In a one-parent family	355
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	775
Living alone	405
Living with other relatives⁷	235
Living with non-relatives only	135
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	3,130
One-census-family households without additional persons	2,285
Couple-family households	2,145
With children⁶	1,120
Without children	1,025
One-parent-family households	145
Multigenerational households⁸	230
Multiple-census-family households⁹	60
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	110
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	45
One-person households	410
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	7,875
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,640
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,655
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,130
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,670
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,695
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	520
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,080
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	7,880
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,655
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	70,900
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,675
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,550
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,225
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	66,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,670
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	64,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,685
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,510
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	495
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,200
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,000
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,330
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	7,875
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	2,755
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	77,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	103,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	2,120
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,760
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	88.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	11.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	7,875
Without total income	235
With total income	7,640
Under $10,000 (including loss)	735
$10,000 to $19,999	835
$20,000 to $29,999	945
$30,000 to $39,999	770
$40,000 to $49,999	680
$50,000 to $59,999	545
$60,000 to $69,999	505
$70,000 to $79,999	455
$80,000 to $89,999	370
$90,000 to $99,999	325
$100,000 and over	1,480
$100,000 to $149,999	830
$150,000 and over	650
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	7,875
Without after-tax income	225
With after-tax income	7,650
Under $10,000 (including loss)	805
$10,000 to $19,999	870
$20,000 to $29,999	1,085
$30,000 to $39,999	900
$40,000 to $49,999	765
$50,000 to $59,999	660
$60,000 to $69,999	565
$70,000 to $79,999	465
$80,000 to $89,999	415
$90,000 to $99,999	245
$100,000 and over	880
$100,000 to $124,999	380
$125,000 and over	500
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	7,875
Without employment income	2,205
With employment income	5,665
Under $5,000 (including loss)	935
$5,000 to $9,999	450
$10,000 to $19,999	580
$20,000 to $29,999	455
$30,000 to $39,999	390
$40,000 to $49,999	365
$50,000 to $59,999	330
$60,000 to $69,999	295
$70,000 to $79,999	285
$80,000 to $89,999	235
$90,000 to $99,999	230
$100,000 and over	1,120
$100,000 to $124,999	445
$125,000 and over	675
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	7,875
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	7,485
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	7,490
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	7,055
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	5,720
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	6,235
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,960
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	415
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,400
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	7,880
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,530
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	73,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,535
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,950
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,100
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	71,700
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,745
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	69,500
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,225
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,740
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	415
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,960
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	7,875
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	2,740
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	74,500
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	98,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	2,050
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,840
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	92.4
Employment income (%)	72.4
Government transfers (%)	7.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	3,130
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	138,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	116,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	410
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,000
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,600
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	2,725
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	153,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	128,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	3,130
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	173,400
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	136,200
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	405
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	103,200
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	74,000
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	2,725
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	184,000
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	145,400
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	3,130
Under $5,000	25
$5,000 to $9,999	5
$10,000 to $14,999	15
$15,000 to $19,999	20
$20,000 to $24,999	30
$25,000 to $29,999	40
$30,000 to $34,999	40
$35,000 to $39,999	45
$40,000 to $44,999	60
$45,000 to $49,999	50
$50,000 to $59,999	125
$60,000 to $69,999	155
$70,000 to $79,999	155
$80,000 to $89,999	145
$90,000 to $99,999	130
$100,000 and over	2,080
$100,000 to $124,999	335
$125,000 to $149,999	300
$150,000 to $199,999	565
$200,000 and over	875
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	3,130
Under $5,000	45
$5,000 to $9,999	15
$10,000 to $14,999	15
$15,000 to $19,999	25
$20,000 to $24,999	35
$25,000 to $29,999	40
$30,000 to $34,999	55
$35,000 to $39,999	65
$40,000 to $44,999	55
$45,000 to $49,999	70
$50,000 to $59,999	180
$60,000 to $69,999	185
$70,000 to $79,999	170
$80,000 to $89,999	180
$90,000 to $99,999	170
$100,000 and over	1,840
$100,000 to $124,999	410
$125,000 to $149,999	395
$150,000 and over	1,040
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	2,705
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	152,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	127,000
Average family size of economic families	3.3
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	1,055
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	1,370
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	184,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	151,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.3
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	195
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	97,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	540
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	2,700
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	183,400
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	144,800
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,040
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	152,800
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	120,600
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,365
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	217,000
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	170,600
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	190
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	530
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	92,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	67,600
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	9,370
0 to 17 years	1,820
0 to 5 years	465
18 to 64 years	5,665
65 years and over	1,885
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	470
0 to 17 years	100
0 to 5 years	25
18 to 64 years	285
65 years and over	90
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.0
0 to 17 years (%)	5.3
0 to 5 years (%)	4.8
18 to 64 years (%)	5.0
65 years and over (%)	4.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	9,370
0 to 17 years	1,820
0 to 5 years	460
18 to 64 years	5,660
65 years and over	1,885
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	225
0 to 17 years	45
0 to 5 years	10
18 to 64 years	145
65 years and over	30
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.4
0 to 17 years (%)	2.5
0 to 5 years (%)	2.0
18 to 64 years (%)	2.6
65 years and over (%)	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	9,365
In bottom half of the distribution	2,495
In bottom decile	445
In second decile	410
In third decile	450
In fourth decile	595
In fifth decile	590
In top half of the distribution	6,875
In sixth decile	825
In seventh decile	955
In eighth decile	1,210
In ninth decile	1,645
In top decile	2,235
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	9,370
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.343
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.417
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.298
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	9,400
English only	8,615
French only	0
English and French	710
Neither English nor French	75
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	9,400
English	9,225
French	95
English and French	15
Neither English nor French	65
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	9,400
Single responses	9,170
Official languages	7,770
English	7,675
French	95
Non-official languages	1,400
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,400
Afro-Asiatic languages	50
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	50
Amharic	0
Arabic	35
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	5
Maltese	10
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	20
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	5
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	20
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	20
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	1,185
Albanian	5
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	215
Baltic languages	10
Latvian	10
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	200
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	5
Macedonian	10
Polish	100
Russian	20
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	30
Bosnian	0
Croatian	20
Serbian	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	5
Ukrainian	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	190
Frisian	0
High German languages	125
German	130
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	50
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	45
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	10
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	15
Indo-Iranian languages	355
Indo-Aryan languages	345
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	10
Hindi	5
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	280
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10
Urdu	35
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	5
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	5
Dari	5
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	405
Catalan	0
Italian	145
Portuguese	145
Romanian	30
Spanish	90
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	15
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	15
Akan (Twi)	5
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30
Chinese languages	30
Hakka	0
Mandarin	20
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	10
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	10
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	35
Estonian	5
Finnish	10
Hungarian	20
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	230
English and French	30
English and non-official language(s)	175
French and non-official language(s)	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	5
Multiple non-official languages	15
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	9,400
English	8,055
French	10
Non-official language	265
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	265
English and French	75
English and non-official language(s)	925
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45
Multiple non-official languages	15
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	9,400
Single responses	9,195
Official languages	8,665
English	8,640
French	25
Non-official languages	535
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	535
Afro-Asiatic languages	15
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	15
Amharic	0
Arabic	10
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	5
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	5
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	5
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	440
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	60
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	60
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	35
Russian	15
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	5
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	30
Frisian	0
High German languages	20
German	20
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	10
Indo-Iranian languages	235
Indo-Aryan languages	235
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	10
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	205
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	105
Catalan	0
Italian	20
Portuguese	40
Romanian	10
Spanish	35
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	10
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	5
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30
Chinese languages	30
Hakka	0
Mandarin	25
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	10
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	10
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	200
English and French	10
English and non-official language(s)	190
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	9,400
None	8,510
English	235
French	65
Non-official language	485
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	485
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	30
French and non-official language(s)	40
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	25
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	9,370
Official languages	9,305
English	9,305
French	760
Non-official languages	2,055
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,055
Afro-Asiatic languages	130
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	130
Amharic	0
Arabic	75
Aramaic languages	30
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	30
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	15
Maltese	10
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	20
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	25
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	1,715
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	185
Baltic languages	25
Latvian	25
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	165
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	80
Russian	35
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	25
Bosnian	0
Croatian	20
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15
Ukrainian	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	365
Frisian	0
High German languages	295
German	295
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	60
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	60
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	10
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	20
Indo-Iranian languages	570
Indo-Aryan languages	570
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	145
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	465
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	135
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	640
Catalan	0
Italian	220
Portuguese	225
Romanian	50
Spanish	175
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	45
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	65
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	40
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30
Chinese languages	30
Hakka	0
Mandarin	20
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	30
Estonian	20
Finnish	0
Hungarian	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	9,365
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	190
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	185
First Nations (North American Indian)	105
Métis	75
Inuk (Inuit)	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	10
Non-Indigenous identity	9,180
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	9,365
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	50
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	9,320
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	3,130
Owner	2,980
Renter	145
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	3,130
Condominium	215
Not condominium	2,920
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	3,130
No bedrooms	0
1 bedroom	90
2 bedrooms	255
3 bedrooms	1,175
4 or more bedrooms	1,610
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	3,130
1 to 4 rooms	180
5 rooms	250
6 rooms	435
7 rooms	535
8 or more rooms	1,725
Average number of rooms per dwelling	8.1
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	3,130
One person or fewer per room	3,095
More than one person per room	35
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	3,130
Suitable	3,035
Not suitable	100
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	3,130
1960 or before	470
1961 to 1980	730
1981 to 1990	545
1991 to 2000	330
2001 to 2005	175
2006 to 2010	245
2011 to 2015	380
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	255
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	3,130
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	2,965
Major repairs needed	165
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	3,130
One-maintainer household	1,030
Two-maintainer household	1,905
Three-or-more-maintainer household	195
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	3,130
15 to 24 years	0
25 to 34 years	140
35 to 44 years	480
45 to 54 years	600
55 to 64 years	925
65 to 74 years	635
75 to 84 years	265
85 years and over	90
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	3,050
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	2,515
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	540
30% to less than 100%	495
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	3,130
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	730
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	470
Not suitable only	85
Major repairs needed only	105
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	60
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0
Acceptable housing	2,400
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	3,010
In core need	230
Not in core need	2,785
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,925
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	56.1
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	16.7
% in core housing need⁶³	6.6
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,680
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,046
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,200,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,263,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	150
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	36.7
% in core housing need⁶³	24.1
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,060
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,340
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	9,370
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	60
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	55
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	25
Métis single ancestry	30
Inuit single ancestry	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	200
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	190
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	155
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	9,110
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	9,370
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	9,130
Canadian citizens aged under 18	1,800
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	7,335
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	240
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	9,370
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	7,435
Immigrants⁸¹	1,920
Before 1980	790
1980 to 1990	270
1991 to 2000	400
2001 to 2010	355
2011 to 2021⁸²	100
2011 to 2015	60
2016 to 2021	45
Non-permanent residents⁸³	15
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,920
Under 5 years	300
5 to 14 years	400
15 to 24 years	515
25 to 44 years	565
45 years and over	135
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,920
Americas	285
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
El Salvador	0
Guyana	40
Haiti	0
Jamaica	55
Mexico	0
Peru	0
Trinidad and Tobago	20
United States of America	85
Other places of birth in Americas	55
Europe	975
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Croatia	10
France	0
Germany	80
Greece	15
Hungary	10
Italy	95
Netherlands	45
Poland	60
Portugal	110
Romania	55
Russian Federation	10
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	350
Other places of birth in Europe	120
Africa	115
Algeria	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Egypt	15
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	45
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	10
Other places of birth in Africa	45
Asia	540
Afghanistan	0
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	70
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	15
Hong Kong⁹¹	10
Korea, South⁹²	35
Taiwan	10
Philippines	10
Viet Nam	0
Bangladesh	0
India	280
Pakistan	75
Sri Lanka	0
Other places of birth in Asia	15
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	45
Americas	10
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Mexico	0
United States of America	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0
Europe	15
France	0
Germany	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0
Italy	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10
Other places of birth in Europe	0
Africa	0
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	0
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0
Asia	10
Afghanistan	0
Bangladesh	0
China⁹⁰	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	0
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Japan	0
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	0
Lebanon	0
Nepal	0
Pakistan	0
Philippines	0
Saudi Arabia	0
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
United Arab Emirates	0
Viet Nam	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0
Australia	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	9,365
First generation¹⁰⁰	2,050
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,445
Third generation or more¹⁰²	4,870
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,130
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	540
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	180
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	360
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	465
Refugees¹⁰⁸	120
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,130
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	45
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	120
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	30
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	940
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	9,365
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,640
South Asian	730
Chinese	55
Black	405
Filipino	10
Arab	105
Latin American	55
Southeast Asian	20
West Asian	0
Korean	50
Japanese	35
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	125
Multiple visible minorities	50
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	7,730
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	9,370
Canadian	1,315
English	2,450
Irish	1,790
Scottish	1,940
French, n.o.s.¹²²	460
German	965
Chinese	80
Italian	845
Indian (India)	370
Ukrainian	265
Dutch	455
Polish	305
Québécois	25
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	475
Filipino	35
French Canadian	105
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	95
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	65
Métis	75
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	105
Russian	55
Norwegian	65
Welsh	155
Portuguese	495
American	140
Spanish	35
Swedish	65
Hungarian	80
Acadian	30
Pakistani	85
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	40
Jewish	70
Punjabi	150
Vietnamese	10
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	90
Greek	75
Jamaican	175
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	35
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0
Korean	50
Romanian	80
Lebanese	10
Iranian	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	25
Danish	45
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	50
Sikh	185
Austrian	95
Belgian	45
Haitian	0
Hindu	0
Mexican	0
Mennonite	0
Swiss	30
Finnish	45
Sri Lankan	55
Croatian	55
Japanese	45
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	25
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	35
Muslim	25
Egyptian	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0
Tamil	0
Icelandic	10
Colombian	0
Moroccan	0
Czech	25
Syrian	0
Guyanese	70
Afghan	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	40
Serbian	10
Ojibway	0
Newfoundlander	35
Hong Konger	0
Ontarian	140
Persian	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	65
Turkish	10
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0
Bangladeshi	0
Algerian	0
Brazilian	0
Nigerian	55
Armenian	0
Slovak	45
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	15
Somali	0
Taiwanese	0
Iraqi	40
Salvadorean	0
African Caribbean	15
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	15
Algonquin	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	65
Lithuanian	15
South African	30
Australian	20
Palestinian	0
Chilean	0
Congolese	0
Nova Scotian	0
Ethiopian	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0
Peruvian	0
Yoruba	45
Cambodian (Khmer)	0
Berber	0
Albanian	0
Maltese	75
Macedonian	0
Slovenian	50
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0
New Brunswicker	15
Gujarati	0
Eritrean	0
African Canadian	20
Israeli	0
Mohawk	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	10
Bulgarian	0
Albertan	0
Ghanaian	0
Barbadian	0
African American	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10
Tunisian	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0
Cuban	0
Bosnian	0
Venezuelan	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	25
Bengali	0
Cameroonian	0
Guatemalan	0
Indonesian	0
Laotian	0
Ilocano	0
Northern Irish	60
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	30
British Columbian	0
Ecuadorian	0
Franco Ontarian	0
Argentinian	40
Estonian	25
Kurdish	0
Fijian	0
Jatt	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0
Coptic	0
Thai	0
Dominican	0
Nepali	0
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	0
Igbo	0
Byelorussian	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0
New Zealander	0
Sudanese	0
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	10
Malaysian	0
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	0
Buddhist	0
Gaspesian	0
Norman	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	0
Mauritian	0
Kenyan	0
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	0
Manitoban	0
Cape Bretoner	0
Rwandan	0
Grenadian	0
Malayali	0
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	0
Mayan	0
Honduran	0
Cherokee	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	0
Flemish	0
United Empire Loyalist	0
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	0
Sicilian	0
Pashtun	0
Malay	0
Goan	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	0
Burmese	0
Mongolian	0
Azorean	55
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	0
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	0
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	0
Uruguayan	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0
Igorot	0
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	0
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	0
Roma	0
Costa Rican	0
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	0
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	9,370
Buddhist	30
Christian	5,380
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	775
Anabaptist	0
Anglican	550
Baptist	70
Catholic	2,445
Christian Orthodox	120
Jehovah's Witness	85
Latter Day Saints	0
Lutheran	40
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	30
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	80
Presbyterian	160
Reformed	0
United Church	755
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	230
Hindu	100
Jewish	35
Muslim	205
Sikh	430
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	15
No religion and secular perspectives	3,165
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	9,295
Non-movers	8,615
Movers	680
Non-migrants	225
Migrants	460
Internal migrants	430
Intraprovincial migrants	415
Interprovincial migrants	15
External migrants	30
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	8,990
Non-movers	5,930
Movers	3,055
Non-migrants	265
Migrants	2,790
Internal migrants	2,740
Intraprovincial migrants	2,710
Interprovincial migrants	25
External migrants	50
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	7,875
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,110
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	6,765
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	4,875
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	390
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	4,485
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	7,880
No certificate, diploma or degree	990
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,260
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,625
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,555
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	465
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	190
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	275
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,895
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	200
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,070
Bachelor's degree	1,385
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	200
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	75
Master's degree	350
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	55
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	4,875
No certificate, diploma or degree	350
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,225
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,300
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,790
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	265
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	115
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	155
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,390
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	135
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,510
Bachelor's degree	1,040
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	130
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	60
Master's degree	260
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	25
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	7,875
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,250
Education	330
13. Education	330
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	205
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15
50. Visual and performing arts	195
Humanities	280
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	25
23. English language and literature/letters	45
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	120
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	10
54. History	25
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15
Social and behavioural sciences and law	565
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	50
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	120
22. Legal professions and studies	80
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20
42. Psychology	70
45. Social sciences	215
Business, management and public administration	920
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	45
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	875
Physical and life sciences and technologies	170
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	85
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	40
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10
40. Physical sciences	35
41. Science technologies/technicians	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	155
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	95
25. Library science	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	40
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	875
04. Architecture and related services	45
14. Engineering	155
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	190
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	190
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	210
48. Precision production	80
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	185
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	135
03. Natural resources and conservation	45
Health and related fields	665
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	70
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	570
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25
Personal, protective and transportation services	275
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	115
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	95
49. Transportation and materials moving	70
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	4,875
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	1,570
Education	235
13. Education	235
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	160
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10
50. Visual and performing arts	150
Humanities	190
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	20
23. English language and literature/letters	25
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	100
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	0
54. History	10
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	405
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	40
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	70
22. Legal professions and studies	70
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10
42. Psychology	60
45. Social sciences	155
Business, management and public administration	710
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	35
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	675
Physical and life sciences and technologies	115
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	60
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	30
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10
40. Physical sciences	15
41. Science technologies/technicians	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	130
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	85
25. Library science	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	30
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	580
04. Architecture and related services	35
14. Engineering	110
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	125
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	140
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	115
48. Precision production	55
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	145
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	105
03. Natural resources and conservation	40
Health and related fields	455
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	40
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	395
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25
Personal, protective and transportation services	185
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	65
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	65
49. Transportation and materials moving	55
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	4,875
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,570
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	3,300
Location of study inside Canada	2,860
Same as province or territory of residence	2,695
Different than province or territory of residence	170
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	440
Americas	115
United States of America	85
Mexico	0
Cuba	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	10
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Peru	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other locations of study in Americas	20
Europe	160
Belgium	0
France	10
Germany	0
Netherlands	10
Switzerland	0
Hungary	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	10
Romania	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	90
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Italy	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Other locations of study in Europe	20
Africa	35
Nigeria	15
Algeria	0
Morocco	0
Tunisia	0
Egypt	0
South Africa, Republic of	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0
Asia	105
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	10
Taiwan	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Japan	0
Korea, South⁹²	10
Philippines	0
Viet Nam	0
Bangladesh	0
Sri Lanka	0
India	50
Pakistan	30
Other locations of study in Asia	0
Oceania	30
Australia	25
New Zealand	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	7,880
In the labour force	5,190
Employed	4,665
Unemployed	525
Not in the labour force	2,685
Participation rate	65.9
Employment rate	59.2
Unemployment rate	10.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	7,875
Did not work¹⁸⁶	2,690
Worked	5,185
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	2,875
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	2,310
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	5,190
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	130
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	5,065
Employee	3,870
Permanent position	3,330
Temporary position	540
Fixed term (1 year or more)	140
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	400
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,190
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	5,190
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	130
All occupations¹⁹¹	5,065
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	110
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	960
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	335
3 Health occupations	345
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	560
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	180
6 Sales and service occupations	1,150
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	970
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	220
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	230
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	5,190
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	130
All industries¹⁹¹	5,065
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	165
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	20
22 Utilities	30
23 Construction	535
31-33 Manufacturing	420
41 Wholesale trade	230
44-45 Retail trade	560
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	305
51 Information and cultural industries	65
52 Finance and insurance	170
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	140
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	435
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	260
61 Educational services	350
62 Health care and social assistance	575
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	95
72 Accommodation and food services	235
81 Other services (except public administration)	240
91 Public administration	215
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	5,515
English	5,245
French	20
Non-official language	20
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	20
English and French	95
English and non-official language(s)	125
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10
Multiple non-official languages	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	5,515
Single responses	5,485
Official languages	5,445
English	5,415
French	40
Non-official languages	35
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	35
Afro-Asiatic languages	0
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	25
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10
Indo-Aryan languages	10
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	10
Romanian	0
Spanish	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	10
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0
Chinese languages	0
Hakka	0
Mandarin	0
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	30
English and French	20
English and non-official language(s)	10
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	5,515
None	5,310
English	30
French	70
Non-official language	85
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	85
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	10
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	4,665
Worked at home	1,360
Worked outside Canada	40
No fixed workplace address	660
Usual place of work	2,610
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	2,610
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	470
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	815
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,320
Commute to a different province or territory	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	3,270
Car, truck or van	3,045
Car, truck or van - as a driver	2,840
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	210
Public transit	30
Walked	115
Bicycle	15
Other method	65
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	3,270
Less than 15 minutes	925
15 to 29 minutes	555
30 to 44 minutes	645
45 to 59 minutes	565
60 minutes and over	580
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	3,270
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	360
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	560
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	790
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	640
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	450
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	470
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	1,880
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	165
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,710
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	1,475
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	145
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	75
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	75
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,330

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed January 17, 2026).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2025-12-10

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Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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