Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Strathcona County, Specialized municipality (SM)More information: Alberta [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	99,225	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	98,024^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	1.2	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	38,203	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	37,128	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	84.8	...	...	84.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,170.65	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	99,225	49,060	50,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17,455	8,855	8,595	17.6	18.0	17.1
0 to 4 years	4,580	2,395	2,185	4.6	4.9	4.4
5 to 9 years	5,965	3,015	2,950	6.0	6.1	5.9
10 to 14 years	6,915	3,450	3,460	7.0	7.0	6.9
15 to 64 years	64,260	32,000	32,260	64.8	65.2	64.3
15 to 19 years	6,635	3,355	3,280	6.7	6.8	6.5
20 to 24 years	5,315	2,875	2,435	5.4	5.9	4.9
25 to 29 years	4,690	2,385	2,305	4.7	4.9	4.6
30 to 34 years	5,745	2,885	2,860	5.8	5.9	5.7
35 to 39 years	6,605	3,220	3,385	6.7	6.6	6.7
40 to 44 years	6,760	3,300	3,455	6.8	6.7	6.9
45 to 49 years	6,910	3,375	3,535	7.0	6.9	7.0
50 to 54 years	7,100	3,435	3,665	7.2	7.0	7.3
55 to 59 years	7,420	3,630	3,795	7.5	7.4	7.6
60 to 64 years	7,080	3,530	3,545	7.1	7.2	7.1
65 years and over	17,510	8,205	9,305	17.6	16.7	18.5
65 to 69 years	5,630	2,755	2,880	5.7	5.6	5.7
70 to 74 years	4,840	2,260	2,580	4.9	4.6	5.1
75 to 79 years	3,320	1,605	1,715	3.3	3.3	3.4
80 to 84 years	2,005	935	1,070	2.0	1.9	2.1
85 years and over	1,715	650	1,065	1.7	1.3	2.1
85 to 89 years	1,110	455	655	1.1	0.9	1.3
90 to 94 years	500	165	340	0.5	0.3	0.7
95 to 99 years	95	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
100 years and over	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.6	18.0	17.1	17.6	18.0	17.1
15 to 64 years	64.8	65.2	64.3	64.8	65.2	64.3
65 years and over	17.6	16.7	18.5	17.6	16.7	18.5
85 years and over	1.7	1.3	2.1	1.7	1.3	2.1
Average age of the population	41.4	40.6	42.1	41.4	40.6	42.1
Median age of the population	42.4	41.6	43.2	42.4	41.6	43.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	37,125	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	29,545	...	...	79.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,130	...	...	5.7	...	...
Row house	1,595	...	...	4.3	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	90	...	...	0.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,495	...	...	6.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	330	...	...	0.9	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	940	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	37,125	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	7,190	...	...	19.4	...	...
2 persons	14,160	...	...	38.1	...	...
3 persons	5,840	...	...	15.7	...	...
4 persons	6,450	...	...	17.4	...	...
5 or more persons	3,480	...	...	9.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	97,730	48,555	49,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	81,775	40,200	41,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	52,605	26,280	26,325	64.3	65.4	63.3
Married	45,900	22,940	22,960	56.1	57.1	55.2
Living common-law	6,705	3,340	3,360	8.2	8.3	8.1
Living common law - Never married	4,285	2,180	2,110	5.2	5.4	5.1
Living common law - Separated	290	155	130	0.4	0.4	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	1,940	925	1,020	2.4	2.3	2.5
Living common law - Widowed	190	85	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	29,170	13,920	15,250	35.7	34.6	36.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	19,165	10,580	8,585	23.4	26.3	20.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,585	670	920	1.9	1.7	2.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,550	1,835	2,715	5.6	4.6	6.5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,865	845	3,025	4.7	2.1	7.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	29,495	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	14,655	...	...	49.7	...	...
3 persons	5,750	...	...	19.5	...	...
4 persons	6,310	...	...	21.4	...	...
5 or more persons	2,785	...	...	9.4	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	29,495	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	25,935	...	...	87.9	...	...
Married couples	22,585	...	...	76.6	...	...
With children⁶	12,080	...	...	41.0	...	...
Without children	10,505	...	...	35.6	...	...
Common-law couples	3,350	...	...	11.4	...	...
With children⁶	1,255	...	...	4.3	...	...
Without children	2,095	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,560	...	...	12.1	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,625	...	...	8.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	935	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	97,730	48,555	49,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	86,485	43,165	43,325	88.5	88.9	88.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	51,870	25,895	25,970	53.1	53.3	52.8
Parents in one-parent families	3,560	935	2,625	3.6	1.9	5.3
Children⁶	31,055	16,335	14,725	31.8	33.6	29.9
In a two-parent family	25,525	13,330	12,195	26.1	27.5	24.8
In a one-parent family	5,530	3,000	2,525	5.7	6.2	5.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	11,245	5,390	5,855	11.5	11.1	11.9
Living alone	7,195	3,260	3,930	7.4	6.7	8.0
Living with other relatives⁷	1,695	750	945	1.7	1.5	1.9
Living with non-relatives only	2,360	1,380	975	2.4	2.8	2.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	37,130	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	26,910	...	...	72.5	...	...
Couple-family households	24,030	...	...	64.7	...	...
With children⁶	12,370	...	...	33.3	...	...
Without children	11,660	...	...	31.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,880	...	...	7.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	760	...	...	2.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	185	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,050	...	...	2.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,030	...	...	2.8	...	...
One-person households	7,190	...	...	19.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	80,325	39,715	40,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	76,540	37,925	38,615	95.3	95.5	95.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,400	70,000	43,600	54,400	70,000	43,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	76,605	37,955	38,650	95.4	95.6	95.2
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,600	59,200	38,800	47,600	59,200	38,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	72,125	36,255	35,870	89.8	91.3	88.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,200	65,500	36,400	49,200	65,500	36,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	58,395	30,370	28,025	72.7	76.5	69.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,600	67,000	39,600	51,600	67,000	39,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	65,140	31,700	33,435	81.1	79.8	82.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,300	5,120	8,700	7,300	5,120	8,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,225	3,535	3,685	9.0	8.9	9.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,640	5,520	5,680	5,640	5,520	5,680
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,500	8,625	9,880	23.0	21.7	24.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	80,325	39,720	40,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,510	37,815	38,695	95.3	95.2	95.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	71,900	89,600	54,500	71,900	89,600	54,500
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,565	37,840	38,725	95.3	95.3	95.4
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,850	70,300	45,600	57,850	70,300	45,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	72,040	36,060	35,980	89.7	90.8	88.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	67,800	86,400	49,120	67,800	86,400	49,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	58,390	30,350	28,040	72.7	76.4	69.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	66,500	82,400	49,320	66,500	82,400	49,320
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	64,945	31,390	33,555	80.9	79.0	82.6
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,480	8,750	10,160	9,480	8,750	10,160
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,920	3,365	3,550	8.6	8.5	8.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,260	6,780	7,710	7,260	6,780	7,710
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	18,245	8,430	9,810	22.7	21.2	24.2
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,490	8,350	8,600	8,490	8,350	8,600
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	80,325	39,720	40,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,440	16,530	11,910	35.4	41.6	29.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	86,000	98,000	71,000	86,000	98,000	71,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	99,600	115,100	78,000	99,600	115,100	78,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,985	10,210	12,775	28.6	25.7	31.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,200	28,000	20,400	23,200	28,000	20,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	38,640	49,800	29,680	38,640	49,800	29,680
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	88.8	91.8	83.8	88.8	91.8	83.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	70.6	73.8	65.6	70.6	73.8	65.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	11.2	8.1	16.2	11.2	8.1	16.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.7	1.3	0.9	0.7	1.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.2	2.3	4.7	3.2	2.3	4.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.8	2.1	4.0	2.8	2.1	4.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	80,325	39,715	40,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,780	1,790	1,990	4.7	4.5	4.9
With total income	76,545	37,930	38,615	95.3	95.5	95.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,750	2,165	3,580	7.5	5.7	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	6,590	2,310	4,275	8.6	6.1	11.1
$20,000 to $29,999	8,915	3,495	5,420	11.6	9.2	14.0
$30,000 to $39,999	7,265	2,770	4,495	9.5	7.3	11.6
$40,000 to $49,999	6,920	2,840	4,085	9.0	7.5	10.6
$50,000 to $59,999	6,065	2,685	3,375	7.9	7.1	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	5,665	2,740	2,930	7.4	7.2	7.6
$70,000 to $79,999	4,925	2,635	2,290	6.4	6.9	5.9
$80,000 to $89,999	4,115	2,320	1,795	5.4	6.1	4.6
$90,000 to $99,999	3,845	2,180	1,665	5.0	5.7	4.3
$100,000 and over	16,485	11,775	4,705	21.5	31.0	12.2
$100,000 to $149,999	10,100	6,605	3,495	13.2	17.4	9.1
$150,000 and over	6,380	5,170	1,210	8.3	13.6	3.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	80,325	39,715	40,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,715	1,755	1,955	4.6	4.4	4.8
With after-tax income	76,610	37,960	38,650	95.4	95.6	95.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,180	2,295	3,885	8.1	6.0	10.1
$10,000 to $19,999	6,920	2,430	4,495	9.0	6.4	11.6
$20,000 to $29,999	10,025	3,940	6,080	13.1	10.4	15.7
$30,000 to $39,999	8,850	3,455	5,395	11.6	9.1	14.0
$40,000 to $49,999	8,175	3,575	4,600	10.7	9.4	11.9
$50,000 to $59,999	7,485	3,615	3,870	9.8	9.5	10.0
$60,000 to $69,999	6,415	3,485	2,925	8.4	9.2	7.6
$70,000 to $79,999	5,235	2,995	2,240	6.8	7.9	5.8
$80,000 to $89,999	4,340	2,545	1,795	5.7	6.7	4.6
$90,000 to $99,999	3,295	2,125	1,175	4.3	5.6	3.0
$100,000 and over	9,685	7,495	2,190	12.6	19.7	5.7
$100,000 to $124,999	4,465	3,260	1,205	5.8	8.6	3.1
$125,000 and over	5,225	4,240	985	6.8	11.2	2.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	80,325	39,715	40,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	21,935	9,350	12,580	27.3	23.5	31.0
With employment income	58,395	30,370	28,020	72.7	76.5	69.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,445	3,635	3,810	12.7	12.0	13.6
$5,000 to $9,999	3,845	1,615	2,235	6.6	5.3	8.0
$10,000 to $19,999	5,595	2,200	3,390	9.6	7.2	12.1
$20,000 to $29,999	4,200	1,765	2,435	7.2	5.8	8.7
$30,000 to $39,999	3,835	1,580	2,250	6.6	5.2	8.0
$40,000 to $49,999	3,665	1,570	2,095	6.3	5.2	7.5
$50,000 to $59,999	3,695	1,585	2,105	6.3	5.2	7.5
$60,000 to $69,999	3,715	1,680	2,030	6.4	5.5	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	3,240	1,690	1,545	5.5	5.6	5.5
$80,000 to $89,999	3,070	1,690	1,375	5.3	5.6	4.9
$90,000 to $99,999	3,150	1,730	1,420	5.4	5.7	5.1
$100,000 and over	12,950	9,610	3,340	22.2	31.6	11.9
$100,000 to $124,999	5,275	3,360	1,915	9.0	11.1	6.8
$125,000 and over	7,675	6,250	1,420	13.1	20.6	5.1
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	80,325	39,715	40,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,190	37,200	37,990	93.6	93.7	93.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,000	72,500	43,200	56,000	72,500	43,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,245	37,215	38,035	93.7	93.7	93.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,400	61,200	38,400	48,400	61,200	38,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	71,550	35,920	35,630	89.1	90.4	87.7
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,400	70,000	39,200	52,400	70,000	39,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	59,015	30,595	28,425	73.5	77.0	70.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,400	72,000	41,600	54,400	72,000	41,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	61,305	30,210	31,095	76.3	76.1	76.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,680	980	4,040	1,680	980	4,040
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,040	2,390	2,650	6.3	6.0	6.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,080	5,440	7,050	6,080	5,440	7,050
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	80,325	39,720	40,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	75,155	37,090	38,065	93.6	93.4	93.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	73,000	92,700	53,750	73,000	92,700	53,750
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	75,215	37,105	38,115	93.6	93.4	93.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	58,450	72,300	44,920	58,450	72,300	44,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	71,365	35,705	35,660	88.8	89.9	87.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	71,100	91,300	50,920	71,100	91,300	50,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	58,740	30,465	28,275	73.1	76.7	69.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	70,600	88,900	50,920	70,600	88,900	50,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	61,200	30,050	31,155	76.2	75.7	76.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,670	5,930	7,380	6,670	5,930	7,380
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,805	2,285	2,520	6.0	5.8	6.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,810	6,540	8,960	7,810	6,540	8,960
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	80,325	39,720	40,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,305	16,445	11,860	35.2	41.4	29.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	85,000	99,000	69,000	85,000	99,000	69,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	100,900	118,900	76,000	100,900	118,900	76,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,885	9,705	12,180	27.2	24.4	30.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,600	40,400	27,200	31,600	40,400	27,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	47,880	63,100	35,760	47,880	63,100	35,760
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	92.6	94.8	88.8	92.6	94.8	88.8
Employment income (%)	75.6	78.8	70.4	75.6	78.8	70.4
Government transfers (%)	7.4	5.2	11.2	7.4	5.2	11.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7	0.4	1.1	0.7	0.4	1.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	37,125	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	7,190	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	59,600	...	...	59,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,800	...	...	50,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	29,935	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	141,000	...	...	141,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	37,130	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	148,000	...	...	148,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	119,300	...	...	119,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	7,190	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	72,400	...	...	72,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	58,600	...	...	58,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	29,935	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	166,200	...	...	166,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	133,800	...	...	133,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	37,125	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	180	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	175	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	205	...	...	0.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	505	...	...	1.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	690	...	...	1.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	540	...	...	1.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	655	...	...	1.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	765	...	...	2.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	780	...	...	2.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,740	...	...	4.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,820	...	...	4.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,045	...	...	5.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,920	...	...	5.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,975	...	...	5.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	23,045	...	...	62.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,675	...	...	12.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,150	...	...	11.2	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	6,175	...	...	16.6	...	...
$200,000 and over	8,040	...	...	21.7	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	37,125	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	230	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	185	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	235	...	...	0.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	545	...	...	1.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	750	...	...	2.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	660	...	...	1.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	815	...	...	2.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	975	...	...	2.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	945	...	...	2.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,190	...	...	5.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,425	...	...	6.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,440	...	...	6.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,565	...	...	6.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,460	...	...	6.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	19,610	...	...	52.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,470	...	...	14.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,385	...	...	11.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	9,750	...	...	26.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	29,245	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	141,000	...	...	141,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	11,840	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	13,390	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	176,000	...	...	176,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	145,000	...	...	145,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,355	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	9,550	4,640	4,910	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	55,600	63,600	50,000	55,600	63,600	50,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,000	53,600	44,000	48,000	53,600	44,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	29,265	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	165,800	...	...	165,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	133,200	...	...	133,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,880	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	143,600	...	...	143,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	115,500	...	...	115,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,350	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	201,600	...	...	201,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	160,400	...	...	160,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,390	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	104,400	...	...	104,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	88,600	...	...	88,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	9,515	4,650	4,865	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	67,900	76,800	59,300	67,900	76,800	59,300
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	55,400	61,800	49,280	55,400	61,800	49,280
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	97,730	48,555	49,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,400	10,875	10,520	21.9	22.4	21.4
0 to 5 years	5,695	2,950	2,745	5.8	6.1	5.6
18 to 64 years	59,975	29,810	30,165	61.4	61.4	61.3
65 years and over	16,360	7,870	8,490	16.7	16.2	17.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,280	1,975	2,310	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,115	565	550	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	295	150	145	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,340	1,110	1,230	...	...	...
65 years and over	830	305	525	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	4.4	4.1	4.7	4.4	4.1	4.7
0 to 17 years (%)	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2
0 to 5 years (%)	5.2	5.1	5.2	5.2	5.1	5.2
18 to 64 years (%)	3.9	3.7	4.1	3.9	3.7	4.1
65 years and over (%)	5.1	3.8	6.2	5.1	3.8	6.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	97,730	48,555	49,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,395	10,880	10,520	21.9	22.4	21.4
0 to 5 years	5,695	2,950	2,740	5.8	6.1	5.6
18 to 64 years	59,970	29,810	30,165	61.4	61.4	61.3
65 years and over	16,360	7,870	8,490	16.7	16.2	17.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,190	1,070	1,120	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	490	240	255	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	130	65	65	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,460	725	735	...	...	...
65 years and over	235	100	135	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.2	2.2	2.3	2.2	2.2	2.3
0 to 17 years (%)	2.3	2.2	2.4	2.3	2.2	2.4
0 to 5 years (%)	2.3	2.1	2.5	2.3	2.1	2.5
18 to 64 years (%)	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.3	1.6	1.4	1.3	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	97,730	48,555	49,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	28,145	13,390	14,755	28.8	27.6	30.0
In bottom decile	3,695	1,795	1,900	3.8	3.7	3.9
In second decile	4,760	2,095	2,670	4.9	4.3	5.4
In third decile	5,300	2,515	2,785	5.4	5.2	5.7
In fourth decile	6,510	3,120	3,395	6.7	6.4	6.9
In fifth decile	7,870	3,865	4,010	8.1	8.0	8.2
In top half of the distribution	69,590	35,165	34,420	71.2	72.4	70.0
In sixth decile	9,185	4,485	4,700	9.4	9.2	9.6
In seventh decile	10,965	5,460	5,500	11.2	11.2	11.2
In eighth decile	12,780	6,435	6,345	13.1	13.3	12.9
In ninth decile	15,945	8,105	7,835	16.3	16.7	15.9
In top decile	20,720	10,680	10,040	21.2	22.0	20.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	97,730	...	...	97,730	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.318	...	...	0.318	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.385	...	...	0.385	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.280	...	...	0.280	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	98,240	48,730	49,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	91,375	45,810	45,560	93.0	94.0	92.0
French only	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	6,530	2,780	3,750	6.6	5.7	7.6
Neither English nor French	310	125	185	0.3	0.3	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	98,240	48,730	49,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	96,295	47,830	48,465	98.0	98.2	97.9
French	1,520	720	795	1.5	1.5	1.6
English and French	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	290	115	175	0.3	0.2	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	98,240	48,730	49,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	96,405	47,880	48,530	98.1	98.3	98.0
Official languages	88,085	44,030	44,050	89.7	90.4	89.0
English	86,435	43,245	43,190	88.0	88.7	87.2
French	1,655	785	865	1.7	1.6	1.7
Non-official languages	8,320	3,840	4,475	8.5	7.9	9.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,285	3,825	4,455	8.4	7.8	9.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	215	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	205	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	190	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	90	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,395	595	805	1.4	1.2	1.6
Bikol	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,265	540	725	1.3	1.1	1.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	165	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,535	2,610	2,925	5.6	5.4	5.9
Albanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,355	615	735	1.4	1.3	1.5
Baltic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,335	605	730	1.4	1.2	1.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	280	135	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	140	45	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bosnian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	680	320	365	0.7	0.7	0.7
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,780	830	950	1.8	1.7	1.9
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,250	560	690	1.3	1.1	1.4
German	1,230	560	675	1.3	1.1	1.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	420	220	205	0.4	0.5	0.4
Afrikaans	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	315	160	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,295	640	650	1.3	1.3	1.3
Indo-Aryan languages	1,230	610	620	1.3	1.3	1.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	135	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hindi	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	735	380	350	0.7	0.8	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,050	495	560	1.1	1.0	1.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	180	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	140	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Romanian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	675	305	365	0.7	0.6	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	480	210	275	0.5	0.4	0.6
Chinese languages	465	200	265	0.5	0.4	0.5
Hakka	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	220	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	220	90	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,840	855	985	1.9	1.8	2.0
English and French	440	205	235	0.4	0.4	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	1,240	580	660	1.3	1.2	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	98,240	48,730	49,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	89,260	44,580	44,680	90.9	91.5	90.2
French	310	140	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official language	1,435	680	755	1.5	1.4	1.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,435	675	755	1.5	1.4	1.5
English and French	990	430	555	1.0	0.9	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	5,910	2,750	3,160	6.0	5.6	6.4
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	175	75	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	98,240	48,730	49,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	96,925	48,120	48,805	98.7	98.7	98.6
Official languages	93,530	46,500	47,030	95.2	95.4	95.0
English	93,070	46,295	46,775	94.7	95.0	94.5
French	455	200	255	0.5	0.4	0.5
Non-official languages	3,400	1,625	1,770	3.5	3.3	3.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,395	1,625	1,770	3.5	3.3	3.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	885	400	485	0.9	0.8	1.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	805	365	440	0.8	0.7	0.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,880	915	965	1.9	1.9	1.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	265	130	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	255	125	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	300	145	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	235	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	235	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	850	415	435	0.9	0.9	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	810	395	415	0.8	0.8	0.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	525	265	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	460	225	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	375	180	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	220	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	215	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	135	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,320	610	705	1.3	1.3	1.4
English and French	150	60	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	1,125	525	600	1.1	1.1	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	98,240	48,730	49,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	92,115	45,910	46,210	93.8	94.2	93.3
English	1,795	875	920	1.8	1.8	1.9
French	740	325	420	0.8	0.7	0.8
Non-official language	3,075	1,405	1,670	3.1	2.9	3.4
Indigenous³⁹	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,045	1,395	1,645	3.1	2.9	3.3
English and French	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	175	70	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	235	95	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	97,730	48,560	49,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	97,455	48,425	49,025	99.7	99.7	99.7
English	97,405	48,405	49,005	99.7	99.7	99.7
French	6,725	2,810	3,920	6.9	5.8	8.0
Non-official languages	11,385	5,375	6,005	11.6	11.1	12.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	95	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	70	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	70	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	70	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,300	5,345	5,950	11.6	11.0	12.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	410	245	170	0.4	0.5	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	395	230	160	0.4	0.5	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	370	220	140	0.4	0.5	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,940	835	1,100	2.0	1.7	2.2
Bikol	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,855	795	1,060	1.9	1.6	2.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	220	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	170	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,400	3,575	3,825	7.6	7.4	7.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,740	775	965	1.8	1.6	2.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,740	775	965	1.8	1.6	2.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	75	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	410	195	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Russian	195	65	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	140	75	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	985	435	550	1.0	0.9	1.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,115	1,055	1,065	2.2	2.2	2.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,505	730	770	1.5	1.5	1.6
German	1,500	730	760	1.5	1.5	1.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	515	275	245	0.5	0.6	0.5
Afrikaans	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	395	215	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	155	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Danish	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	45	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,910	995	915	2.0	2.0	1.9
Indo-Aryan languages	1,860	970	885	1.9	2.0	1.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	80	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	180	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	760	385	375	0.8	0.8	0.8
Kacchi	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	70	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,045	570	475	1.1	1.2	1.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	210	90	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,795	825	965	1.8	1.7	2.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	385	180	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	210	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,240	550	685	1.3	1.1	1.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	305	165	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	125	80	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	145	45	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	140	45	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	610	280	330	0.6	0.6	0.7
Chinese languages	605	280	325	0.6	0.6	0.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	380	175	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	260	110	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	155	55	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	120	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	97,730	48,555	49,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	4,600	2,220	2,380	4.7	4.6	4.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	4,435	2,105	2,330	4.5	4.3	4.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,260	585	675	1.3	1.2	1.4
Métis	3,100	1,480	1,620	3.2	3.0	3.3
Inuk (Inuit)	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	120	90	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	93,130	46,340	46,795	95.3	95.4	95.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	97,730	48,555	49,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	945	435	510	1.0	0.9	1.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	96,785	48,120	48,665	99.0	99.1	99.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	37,130	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	32,215	...	...	86.8	...	...
Renter	4,910	...	...	13.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	37,130	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	4,725	...	...	12.7	...	...
Not condominium	32,400	...	...	87.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	37,130	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
1 bedroom	1,355	...	...	3.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	4,655	...	...	12.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	13,485	...	...	36.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	17,600	...	...	47.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	37,130	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,380	...	...	11.8	...	...
5 rooms	4,090	...	...	11.0	...	...
6 rooms	5,265	...	...	14.2	...	...
7 rooms	5,630	...	...	15.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	17,765	...	...	47.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.5	...	...	7.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	37,130	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	36,875	...	...	99.3	...	...
More than one person per room	255	...	...	0.7	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	37,130	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	36,485	...	...	98.3	...	...
Not suitable	645	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	37,130	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	1,570	...	...	4.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	10,595	...	...	28.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,130	...	...	11.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,815	...	...	18.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	4,295	...	...	11.6	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,260	...	...	11.5	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,200	...	...	8.6	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,270	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	37,130	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	35,650	...	...	96.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,480	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	37,130	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	15,760	...	...	42.4	...	...
Two-maintainer household	19,825	...	...	53.4	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,545	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	37,130	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	475	...	...	1.3	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,175	...	...	11.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,760	...	...	18.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,710	...	...	20.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,150	...	...	21.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,000	...	...	16.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,105	...	...	8.4	...	...
85 years and over	760	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	36,765	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	31,280	...	...	85.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,485	...	...	14.9	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,980	...	...	13.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	37,130	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	7,155	...	...	19.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,075	...	...	13.7	...	...
Not suitable only	500	...	...	1.3	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,110	...	...	3.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	90	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	320	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	45	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	29,975	...	...	80.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	36,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,770	...	...	4.9	...	...
Not in core need	34,495	...	...	95.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	31,955	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	59.9	...	...	59.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.6	...	...	11.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,660	...	...	1,660	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,718	...	...	1,718	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	452,000	...	...	452,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	520,500	...	...	520,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,900	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	37.0	...	...	37.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	17.3	...	...	17.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,580	...	...	1,580	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,578	...	...	1,578	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	97,730	48,555	49,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,090	565	520	1.1	1.2	1.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,030	530	500	1.1	1.1	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	515	240	275	0.5	0.5	0.6
Métis single ancestry	490	285	210	0.5	0.6	0.4
Inuit single ancestry	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,440	2,135	2,305	4.5	4.4	4.7
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,280	2,020	2,255	4.4	4.2	4.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,965	930	1,035	2.0	1.9	2.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,260	1,070	1,195	2.3	2.2	2.4
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	160	110	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	160	105	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	92,200	45,855	46,345	94.3	94.4	94.2
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	97,730	48,555	49,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	94,400	46,920	47,480	96.6	96.6	96.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	21,080	10,765	10,315	21.6	22.2	21.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	73,320	36,160	37,160	75.0	74.5	75.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,330	1,635	1,695	3.4	3.4	3.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	97,730	48,555	49,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	86,925	43,290	43,630	88.9	89.2	88.7
Immigrants⁸¹	10,495	5,110	5,385	10.7	10.5	11.0
Before 1980	3,050	1,565	1,485	3.1	3.2	3.0
1980 to 1990	1,185	565	620	1.2	1.2	1.3
1991 to 2000	1,035	480	555	1.1	1.0	1.1
2001 to 2010	1,950	955	1,000	2.0	2.0	2.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,270	1,550	1,720	3.3	3.2	3.5
2011 to 2015	1,735	800	935	1.8	1.6	1.9
2016 to 2021	1,535	745	790	1.6	1.5	1.6
Non-permanent residents⁸³	315	160	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	10,495	5,110	5,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,195	645	545	11.4	12.6	10.1
5 to 14 years	2,120	1,115	1,005	20.2	21.8	18.7
15 to 24 years	1,925	835	1,090	18.3	16.3	20.2
25 to 44 years	4,390	2,050	2,335	41.8	40.1	43.4
45 years and over	860	455	405	8.2	8.9	7.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	10,495	5,110	5,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,340	665	675	12.8	13.0	12.5
Brazil	50	25	25	0.5	0.5	0.5
Colombia	110	50	60	1.0	1.0	1.1
El Salvador	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Guyana	50	25	20	0.5	0.5	0.4
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	55	20	30	0.5	0.4	0.6
Mexico	95	45	45	0.9	0.9	0.8
Peru	35	10	25	0.3	0.2	0.5
Trinidad and Tobago	45	25	20	0.4	0.5	0.4
United States of America	620	325	300	5.9	6.4	5.6
Other places of birth in Americas	275	140	140	2.6	2.7	2.6
Europe	4,060	2,085	1,970	38.7	40.8	36.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
Croatia	55	35	25	0.5	0.7	0.5
France	45	15	30	0.4	0.3	0.6
Germany	490	235	250	4.7	4.6	4.6
Greece	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Hungary	55	35	25	0.5	0.7	0.5
Italy	140	95	45	1.3	1.9	0.8
Netherlands	320	205	115	3.0	4.0	2.1
Poland	305	160	150	2.9	3.1	2.8
Portugal	55	30	25	0.5	0.6	0.5
Romania	45	20	25	0.4	0.4	0.5
Russian Federation	35	10	25	0.3	0.2	0.5
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	70	20	55	0.7	0.4	1.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,970	1,005	965	18.8	19.7	17.9
Other places of birth in Europe	430	210	220	4.1	4.1	4.1
Africa	740	370	375	7.1	7.2	7.0
Algeria	20	20	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	35	20	20	0.3	0.4	0.4
Egypt	45	35	10	0.4	0.7	0.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	120	55	60	1.1	1.1	1.1
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	200	80	120	1.9	1.6	2.2
Other places of birth in Africa	300	145	150	2.9	2.8	2.8
Asia	4,175	1,885	2,285	39.8	36.9	42.4
Afghanistan	35	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	40	20	20	0.4	0.4	0.4
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	80	40	45	0.8	0.8	0.8
Syria⁸⁹	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
Turkey	35	20	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
China⁹⁰	220	95	125	2.1	1.9	2.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	75	45	30	0.7	0.9	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	90	30	55	0.9	0.6	1.0
Taiwan	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Philippines	1,795	770	1,025	17.1	15.1	19.0
Viet Nam	35	0	30	0.3	0.0	0.6
Bangladesh	40	20	25	0.4	0.4	0.5
India	1,055	520	535	10.1	10.2	9.9
Pakistan	135	65	70	1.3	1.3	1.3
Sri Lanka	50	15	30	0.5	0.3	0.6
Other places of birth in Asia	450	200	245	4.3	3.9	4.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	175	100	80	1.7	2.0	1.5
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,530	745	785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	195	100	95	12.7	13.4	12.1
Brazil	25	10	15	1.6	1.3	1.9
Colombia	10	10	0	0.7	1.3	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	35	15	15	2.3	2.0	1.9
United States of America	70	45	25	4.6	6.0	3.2
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	10	0	0.7	1.3	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	40	15	25	2.6	2.0	3.2
Europe	225	120	105	14.7	16.1	13.4
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	25	0	15	1.6	0.0	1.9
Ireland⁹⁶	15	10	10	1.0	1.3	1.3
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	105	70	40	6.9	9.4	5.1
Other places of birth in Europe	60	30	30	3.9	4.0	3.8
Africa	175	85	90	11.4	11.4	11.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	75	35	35	4.9	4.7	4.5
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	60	30	35	3.9	4.0	4.5
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	35	15	25	2.3	2.0	3.2
Asia	930	430	495	60.8	57.7	63.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	20	20	2.3	2.7	2.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	155	85	70	10.1	11.4	8.9
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.3
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	20	10	15	1.3	1.3	1.9
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	20	10	0	1.3	1.3	0.0
Pakistan	15	10	10	1.0	1.3	1.3
Philippines	580	265	315	37.9	35.6	40.1
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	25	0	20	1.6	0.0	2.5
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.3
Oceania and other⁹³	15	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.3
Australia	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.3
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	97,730	48,560	49,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	11,685	5,745	5,935	12.0	11.8	12.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	15,375	7,720	7,660	15.7	15.9	15.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	70,670	35,090	35,580	72.3	72.3	72.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	7,445	3,545	3,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,840	2,350	2,490	65.0	66.3	63.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,975	1,195	775	26.5	33.7	19.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,870	1,155	1,710	38.5	32.6	43.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,140	925	1,220	28.7	26.1	31.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	410	240	170	5.5	6.8	4.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	50	35	25	0.7	1.0	0.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	7,445	3,545	3,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	125	80	45	1.7	2.3	1.2
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,785	840	945	24.0	23.7	24.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	295	150	145	4.0	4.2	3.7
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	320	155	160	4.3	4.4	4.1
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	20	15	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,895	2,300	2,590	65.7	64.9	66.4
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	97,730	48,555	49,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	9,190	4,585	4,600	9.4	9.4	9.4
South Asian	2,650	1,400	1,245	2.7	2.9	2.5
Chinese	900	440	460	0.9	0.9	0.9
Black	985	535	455	1.0	1.1	0.9
Filipino	2,340	1,040	1,300	2.4	2.1	2.6
Arab	275	160	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Latin American	570	280	295	0.6	0.6	0.6
Southeast Asian	480	230	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
West Asian	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Japanese	270	135	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	160	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	320	155	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	88,545	43,970	44,575	90.6	90.6	90.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	97,730	48,555	49,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	13,345	6,870	6,475	13.7	14.1	13.2
English	24,130	11,585	12,545	24.7	23.9	25.5
Irish	17,450	8,190	9,265	17.9	16.9	18.8
Scottish	19,470	9,355	10,115	19.9	19.3	20.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	10,970	5,130	5,835	11.2	10.6	11.9
German	20,890	10,280	10,610	21.4	21.2	21.6
Chinese	1,160	570	590	1.2	1.2	1.2
Italian	2,430	1,270	1,160	2.5	2.6	2.4
Indian (India)	1,690	900	795	1.7	1.9	1.6
Ukrainian	16,830	8,210	8,625	17.2	16.9	17.5
Dutch	5,185	2,760	2,425	5.3	5.7	4.9
Polish	6,740	3,245	3,495	6.9	6.7	7.1
Québécois	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	4,055	2,045	2,015	4.1	4.2	4.1
Filipino	2,260	990	1,270	2.3	2.0	2.6
French Canadian	1,030	505	525	1.1	1.0	1.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,200	600	600	1.2	1.2	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,185	585	595	1.2	1.2	1.2
Métis	2,975	1,490	1,480	3.0	3.1	3.0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,775	915	860	1.8	1.9	1.7
Russian	2,180	1,015	1,170	2.2	2.1	2.4
Norwegian	5,390	2,510	2,880	5.5	5.2	5.9
Welsh	2,685	1,285	1,395	2.7	2.6	2.8
Portuguese	455	240	215	0.5	0.5	0.4
American	1,740	865	880	1.8	1.8	1.8
Spanish	595	285	315	0.6	0.6	0.6
Swedish	3,475	1,585	1,890	3.6	3.3	3.8
Hungarian	1,295	655	640	1.3	1.3	1.3
Acadian	260	140	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Pakistani	195	85	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	240	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Jewish	265	130	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Punjabi	295	170	125	0.3	0.4	0.3
Vietnamese	100	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	365	200	165	0.4	0.4	0.3
Jamaican	200	115	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	265	110	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	690	320	370	0.7	0.7	0.8
Korean	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Romanian	900	450	450	0.9	0.9	0.9
Lebanese	280	155	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	230	130	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Danish	1,640	835	805	1.7	1.7	1.6
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	275	135	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sikh	370	195	170	0.4	0.4	0.3
Austrian	1,450	645	805	1.5	1.3	1.6
Belgian	750	340	415	0.8	0.7	0.8
Haitian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	155	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexican	215	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	495	260	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
Swiss	610	275	335	0.6	0.6	0.7
Finnish	520	280	250	0.5	0.6	0.5
Sri Lankan	70	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	350	160	190	0.4	0.3	0.4
Japanese	355	175	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	90	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	155	60	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	730	320	410	0.7	0.7	0.8
Muslim	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Egyptian	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	580	305	270	0.6	0.6	0.5
Colombian	110	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	575	280	295	0.6	0.6	0.6
Syrian	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	90	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	160	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ontarian	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	130	85	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Armenian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	185	70	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	265	140	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Somali	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	230	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australian	235	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Palestinian	45	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.1
Chilean	210	115	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Congolese	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nova Scotian	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ethiopian	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	45	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	155	90	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Israeli	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	185	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	695	355	340	0.7	0.7	0.7
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
African American	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	175	55	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	130	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cuban	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	150	70	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bengali	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Estonian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	55	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	50	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	30	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	80	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	97,730	48,555	49,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	340	160	185	0.3	0.3	0.4
Christian	53,625	25,205	28,425	54.9	51.9	57.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	10,750	5,150	5,600	11.0	10.6	11.4
Anabaptist	170	95	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Anglican	2,525	1,165	1,360	2.6	2.4	2.8
Baptist	1,015	475	540	1.0	1.0	1.1
Catholic	21,685	10,265	11,425	22.2	21.1	23.2
Christian Orthodox	1,305	615	685	1.3	1.3	1.4
Jehovah's Witness	290	135	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latter Day Saints	805	375	430	0.8	0.8	0.9
Lutheran	3,410	1,590	1,820	3.5	3.3	3.7
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	170	70	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	935	460	475	1.0	0.9	1.0
Presbyterian	400	200	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Reformed	250	120	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
United Church	5,420	2,305	3,120	5.5	4.7	6.3
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	4,500	2,170	2,335	4.6	4.5	4.7
Hindu	675	335	345	0.7	0.7	0.7
Jewish	45	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.1
Muslim	890	470	415	0.9	1.0	0.8
Sikh	935	520	415	1.0	1.1	0.8
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	560	265	295	0.6	0.5	0.6
No religion and secular perspectives	40,595	21,540	19,050	41.5	44.4	38.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	96,975	48,175	48,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	88,290	43,900	44,390	91.0	91.1	91.0
Movers	8,680	4,275	4,410	9.0	8.9	9.0
Non-migrants	4,970	2,440	2,530	5.1	5.1	5.2
Migrants	3,710	1,835	1,875	3.8	3.8	3.8
Internal migrants	3,475	1,720	1,760	3.6	3.6	3.6
Intraprovincial migrants	2,995	1,495	1,500	3.1	3.1	3.1
Interprovincial migrants	485	225	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
External migrants	235	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	93,165	46,190	46,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	63,270	31,690	31,580	67.9	68.6	67.2
Movers	29,895	14,500	15,395	32.1	31.4	32.8
Non-migrants	14,865	7,080	7,785	16.0	15.3	16.6
Migrants	15,025	7,420	7,610	16.1	16.1	16.2
Internal migrants	13,970	6,910	7,060	15.0	15.0	15.0
Intraprovincial migrants	11,860	5,995	5,865	12.7	13.0	12.5
Interprovincial migrants	2,110	915	1,195	2.3	2.0	2.5
External migrants	1,055	510	545	1.1	1.1	1.2
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	80,325	39,720	40,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,120	6,220	4,910	13.8	15.7	12.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	69,200	33,505	35,700	86.2	84.4	87.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	52,020	25,610	26,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,800	2,355	1,450	7.3	9.2	5.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	48,215	23,255	24,960	92.7	90.8	94.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	80,325	39,720	40,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,340	4,960	4,380	11.6	12.5	10.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	23,515	11,015	12,500	29.3	27.7	30.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	47,465	23,740	23,725	59.1	59.8	58.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	29,525	16,215	13,310	36.8	40.8	32.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,285	7,675	1,610	11.6	19.3	4.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,980	1,235	750	2.5	3.1	1.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	7,305	6,445	860	9.1	16.2	2.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	17,370	7,470	9,905	21.6	18.8	24.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,865	1,070	1,795	3.6	2.7	4.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	17,950	7,535	10,415	22.3	19.0	25.6
Bachelor's degree	13,460	5,400	8,055	16.8	13.6	19.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	830	350	480	1.0	0.9	1.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	350	195	155	0.4	0.5	0.4
Master's degree	2,870	1,330	1,540	3.6	3.3	3.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	440	255	190	0.5	0.6	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	52,015	25,610	26,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,760	1,620	1,145	5.3	6.3	4.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	12,955	6,160	6,795	24.9	24.1	25.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	36,300	17,835	18,465	69.8	69.6	69.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	22,365	12,295	10,070	43.0	48.0	38.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,950	5,860	1,090	13.4	22.9	4.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,320	895	425	2.5	3.5	1.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,630	4,965	665	10.8	19.4	2.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,295	5,630	7,660	25.6	22.0	29.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,125	805	1,320	4.1	3.1	5.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,930	5,535	8,390	26.8	21.6	31.8
Bachelor's degree	10,505	4,035	6,465	20.2	15.8	24.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	595	250	340	1.1	1.0	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	275	135	135	0.5	0.5	0.5
Master's degree	2,250	945	1,310	4.3	3.7	5.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	305	165	140	0.6	0.6	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	80,320	39,720	40,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	32,855	15,975	16,880	40.9	40.2	41.6
Education	4,245	1,025	3,225	5.3	2.6	7.9
13. Education	4,245	1,025	3,225	5.3	2.6	7.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	895	325	570	1.1	0.8	1.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	140	90	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	750	235	525	0.9	0.6	1.3
Humanities	1,375	550	825	1.7	1.4	2.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	260	70	195	0.3	0.2	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	445	170	275	0.6	0.4	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	320	175	145	0.4	0.4	0.4
54. History	120	70	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,740	1,175	2,560	4.7	3.0	6.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	420	205	220	0.5	0.5	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	635	25	610	0.8	0.1	1.5
22. Legal professions and studies	690	185	505	0.9	0.5	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
42. Psychology	865	190	675	1.1	0.5	1.7
45. Social sciences	1,055	540	510	1.3	1.4	1.3
Business, management and public administration	9,275	3,540	5,735	11.5	8.9	14.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	525	85	440	0.7	0.2	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,735	3,455	5,280	10.9	8.7	13.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,660	875	790	2.1	2.2	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	655	265	390	0.8	0.7	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	410	205	205	0.5	0.5	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	395	305	95	0.5	0.8	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	180	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,260	755	505	1.6	1.9	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	985	665	315	1.2	1.7	0.8
25. Library science	115	0	115	0.1	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	150	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	13,875	12,690	1,190	17.3	31.9	2.9
04. Architecture and related services	320	205	115	0.4	0.5	0.3
14. Engineering	2,010	1,670	340	2.5	4.2	0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	4,050	3,525	520	5.0	8.9	1.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,405	3,290	115	4.2	8.3	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,285	2,250	40	2.8	5.7	0.1
48. Precision production	1,805	1,740	65	2.2	4.4	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,095	595	500	1.4	1.5	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	685	325	355	0.9	0.8	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	410	270	150	0.5	0.7	0.4
Health and related fields	7,700	1,180	6,520	9.6	3.0	16.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	705	300	405	0.9	0.8	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,895	830	6,065	8.6	2.1	14.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,350	1,045	1,305	2.9	2.6	3.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,365	245	1,120	1.7	0.6	2.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	575	410	165	0.7	1.0	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	390	370	20	0.5	0.9	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	52,020	25,610	26,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	15,720	7,775	7,940	30.2	30.4	30.1
Education	2,860	620	2,240	5.5	2.4	8.5
13. Education	2,860	620	2,240	5.5	2.4	8.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	695	240	460	1.3	0.9	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	90	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	605	185	420	1.2	0.7	1.6
Humanities	1,030	415	610	2.0	1.6	2.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	60	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	190	60	130	0.4	0.2	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	350	155	200	0.7	0.6	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	230	110	120	0.4	0.4	0.5
54. History	90	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,055	910	2,145	5.9	3.6	8.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	365	175	190	0.7	0.7	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	515	15	490	1.0	0.1	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	580	135	445	1.1	0.5	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
42. Psychology	695	135	565	1.3	0.5	2.1
45. Social sciences	845	425	420	1.6	1.7	1.6
Business, management and public administration	7,275	2,730	4,545	14.0	10.7	17.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	390	65	330	0.7	0.3	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,880	2,665	4,215	13.2	10.4	16.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,175	615	560	2.3	2.4	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	445	175	270	0.9	0.7	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	300	155	145	0.6	0.6	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	275	215	70	0.5	0.8	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	145	85	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,015	605	405	2.0	2.4	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	825	555	270	1.6	2.2	1.0
25. Library science	70	0	70	0.1	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	115	50	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,700	9,635	1,065	20.6	37.6	4.0
04. Architecture and related services	265	165	95	0.5	0.6	0.4
14. Engineering	1,535	1,220	315	3.0	4.8	1.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,215	2,755	455	6.2	10.8	1.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,625	2,515	110	5.0	9.8	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,700	1,670	30	3.3	6.5	0.1
48. Precision production	1,365	1,310	60	2.6	5.1	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	805	375	430	1.5	1.5	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	485	195	285	0.9	0.8	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	320	180	140	0.6	0.7	0.5
Health and related fields	5,905	880	5,025	11.4	3.4	19.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	585	220	365	1.1	0.9	1.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,250	620	4,625	10.1	2.4	17.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,780	800	980	3.4	3.1	3.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,000	175	835	1.9	0.7	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	460	335	125	0.9	1.3	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	295	280	15	0.6	1.1	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	52,020	25,610	26,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,720	7,775	7,940	30.2	30.4	30.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	36,300	17,830	18,465	69.8	69.6	69.9
Location of study inside Canada	32,890	16,265	16,625	63.2	63.5	62.9
Same as province or territory of residence	28,135	13,955	14,170	54.1	54.5	53.7
Different than province or territory of residence	4,755	2,305	2,455	9.1	9.0	9.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,410	1,570	1,840	6.6	6.1	7.0
Americas	880	460	425	1.7	1.8	1.6
United States of America	650	365	290	1.2	1.4	1.1
Mexico	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	20	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Colombia	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	715	370	345	1.4	1.4	1.3
Belgium	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	85	35	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Netherlands	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	405	225	180	0.8	0.9	0.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	180	85	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigeria	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	1,520	590	930	2.9	2.3	3.5
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	50	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	825	305	515	1.6	1.2	2.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
India	395	165	230	0.8	0.6	0.9
Pakistan	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	115	65	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Australia	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
New Zealand	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	80,325	39,720	40,605	...	...	...
In the labour force	54,410	28,455	25,945	...	...	...
Employed	49,450	25,835	23,610	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,960	2,620	2,340	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	25,920	11,265	14,655	...	...	...
Participation rate	67.7	71.6	63.9	67.7	71.6	63.9
Employment rate	61.6	65.0	58.1	61.6	65.0	58.1
Unemployment rate	9.1	9.2	9.0	9.1	9.2	9.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	80,320	39,720	40,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	26,120	11,345	14,770	32.5	28.6	36.4
Worked	54,205	28,375	25,835	67.5	71.4	63.6
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	29,550	17,260	12,285	36.8	43.5	30.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	24,655	11,110	13,545	30.7	28.0	33.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8	42.5	41.0	41.8	42.5	41.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	54,405	28,460	25,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,275	660	620	2.3	2.3	2.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	53,130	27,800	25,325	97.7	97.7	97.6
Employee	44,705	22,680	22,025	82.2	79.7	84.9
Permanent position	37,835	19,315	18,520	69.5	67.9	71.4
Temporary position	6,865	3,365	3,500	12.6	11.8	13.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,805	850	960	3.3	3.0	3.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,060	2,520	2,540	9.3	8.9	9.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,425	5,120	3,305	15.5	18.0	12.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	54,405	28,460	25,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,275	660	620	2.3	2.3	2.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	53,130	27,800	25,325	97.7	97.7	97.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	920	690	235	1.7	2.4	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,155	2,645	7,515	18.7	9.3	29.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,250	3,210	1,045	7.8	11.3	4.0
3 Health occupations	4,255	645	3,610	7.8	2.3	13.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,200	2,080	4,125	11.4	7.3	15.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,260	495	765	2.3	1.7	2.9
6 Sales and service occupations	11,335	4,975	6,360	20.8	17.5	24.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,765	9,685	1,080	19.8	34.0	4.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,640	1,300	335	3.0	4.6	1.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,345	2,080	265	4.3	7.3	1.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	54,405	28,460	25,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,275	660	620	2.3	2.3	2.4
All industries¹⁹¹	53,130	27,800	25,325	97.7	97.7	97.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	740	420	325	1.4	1.5	1.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	2,090	1,710	380	3.8	6.0	1.5
22 Utilities	640	445	200	1.2	1.6	0.8
23 Construction	6,225	4,980	1,240	11.4	17.5	4.8
31-33 Manufacturing	3,600	2,805	795	6.6	9.9	3.1
41 Wholesale trade	2,365	1,680	690	4.3	5.9	2.7
44-45 Retail trade	5,560	2,610	2,950	10.2	9.2	11.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,525	1,775	745	4.6	6.2	2.9
51 Information and cultural industries	515	305	210	0.9	1.1	0.8
52 Finance and insurance	1,835	605	1,230	3.4	2.1	4.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,015	535	485	1.9	1.9	1.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,355	2,340	2,010	8.0	8.2	7.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	110	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,765	995	775	3.2	3.5	3.0
61 Educational services	3,760	965	2,795	6.9	3.4	10.8
62 Health care and social assistance	6,465	1,000	5,470	11.9	3.5	21.1
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	995	455	535	1.8	1.6	2.1
72 Accommodation and food services	2,095	945	1,150	3.9	3.3	4.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,660	1,275	1,390	4.9	4.5	5.4
91 Public administration	3,805	1,905	1,905	7.0	6.7	7.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	57,665	30,075	27,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	56,605	29,660	26,945	98.2	98.6	97.7
French	145	50	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
Non-official language	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	470	150	320	0.8	0.5	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	395	185	205	0.7	0.6	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	57,665	30,075	27,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	57,545	30,035	27,500	99.8	99.9	99.7
Official languages	57,485	30,010	27,475	99.7	99.8	99.6
English	57,275	29,950	27,325	99.3	99.6	99.0
French	210	65	145	0.4	0.2	0.5
Non-official languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	120	35	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
English and French	65	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	57,665	30,075	27,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	56,875	29,745	27,125	98.6	98.9	98.3
English	95	30	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
French	335	125	210	0.6	0.4	0.8
Non-official language	305	150	160	0.5	0.5	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	300	145	150	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	49,450	25,835	23,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	10,910	4,765	6,150	22.1	18.4	26.0
Worked outside Canada	80	75	10	0.2	0.3	0.0
No fixed workplace address	6,640	5,065	1,570	13.4	19.6	6.6
Usual place of work	31,815	15,935	15,880	64.3	61.7	67.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	31,815	15,935	15,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	13,395	5,775	7,620	42.1	36.2	48.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	17,295	9,395	7,900	54.4	59.0	49.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	865	590	275	2.7	3.7	1.7
Commute to a different province or territory	270	180	85	0.8	1.1	0.5
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	38,455	21,005	17,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	35,805	19,795	16,015	93.1	94.2	91.8
Car, truck or van - as a driver	34,365	19,210	15,150	89.4	91.5	86.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,440	580	865	3.7	2.8	5.0
Public transit	780	315	460	2.0	1.5	2.6
Walked	830	370	460	2.2	1.8	2.6
Bicycle	140	105	35	0.4	0.5	0.2
Other method	905	425	480	2.4	2.0	2.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	38,455	21,005	17,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	10,680	4,760	5,920	27.8	22.7	33.9
15 to 29 minutes	15,065	8,220	6,840	39.2	39.1	39.2
30 to 44 minutes	9,395	5,730	3,665	24.4	27.3	21.0
45 to 59 minutes	2,085	1,390	695	5.4	6.6	4.0
60 minutes and over	1,235	900	340	3.2	4.3	1.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	38,455	21,005	17,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,185	2,510	670	8.3	11.9	3.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,500	5,140	2,360	19.5	24.5	13.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,810	6,170	5,640	30.7	29.4	32.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,100	3,100	4,005	18.5	14.8	22.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,105	1,540	2,565	10.7	7.3	14.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,760	2,545	2,215	12.4	12.1	12.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	21,880	11,115	10,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,775	880	890	8.1	7.9	8.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,105	10,230	9,875	91.9	92.0	91.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,935	8,535	8,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,400	690	710	8.3	8.1	8.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	705	315	385	4.2	3.7	4.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	705	375	325	4.2	4.4	3.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,530	7,840	7,690	91.7	91.9	91.5

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed January 15, 2026).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2025-12-10

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