Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Kanata--CarletonMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	116,651
Population, 2016¹	110,960
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.1
Total private dwellings²	43,087
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	42,054
Population density per square kilometre	153.3
Land area in square kilometres	760.74
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	116,650
0 to 14 years	21,370
0 to 4 years	5,485
5 to 9 years	7,495
10 to 14 years	8,395
15 to 64 years	76,340
15 to 19 years	7,980
20 to 24 years	6,230
25 to 29 years	5,625
30 to 34 years	6,540
35 to 39 years	7,575
40 to 44 years	8,175
45 to 49 years	8,610
50 to 54 years	8,880
55 to 59 years	9,030
60 to 64 years	7,690
65 years and over	18,945
65 to 69 years	5,895
70 to 74 years	5,145
75 to 79 years	3,415
80 to 84 years	2,320
85 years and over	2,175
85 to 89 years	1,340
90 to 94 years	625
95 to 99 years	185
100 years and over	20
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.3
15 to 64 years	65.4
65 years and over	16.2
85 years and over	1.9
Average age of the population	40.7
Median age of the population	42.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	42,055
Single-detached house	24,085
Semi-detached house	2,080
Row house	12,645
Apartment or flat in a duplex	55
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,425
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,730
Other single-attached house	5
Movable dwelling⁴	25
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	42,055
1 person	7,710
2 persons	14,060
3 persons	7,785
4 persons	8,195
5 or more persons	4,300
Number of persons in private households	115,425
Average household size	2.7
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	95,280
Married or living common-law	60,875
Married	52,925
Living common-law	7,945
Living common law - Never married	5,415
Living common law - Separated	405
Living common law - Divorced	1,920
Living common law - Widowed	205
Not married and not living common-law	34,405
Not married and not living common law - Never married	23,770
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,240
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,430
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,965
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	34,230
2 persons	15,145
3 persons	7,760
4 persons	8,130
5 or more persons	3,195
Average size of census families	3.0
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	34,225
Total couple families	29,900
Married couples	25,930
With children⁶	15,630
Without children	10,300
Common-law couples	3,970
With children⁶	1,600
Without children	2,370
Total one-parent families	4,330
in which the parent is a woman+	3,255
in which the parent is a man+	1,075
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	115,430
Total - Persons in census families	103,055
Married spouses or common-law partners	59,800
Parents in one-parent families	4,325
Children⁶	38,925
In a two-parent family	32,165
In a one-parent family	6,755
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	12,375
Living alone	7,710
Living with other relatives⁷	2,250
Living with non-relatives only	2,415
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	42,055
One-census-family households without additional persons	30,485
Couple-family households	27,045
With children⁶	15,705
Without children	11,335
One-parent-family households	3,440
Multigenerational households⁸	1,450
Multiple-census-family households⁹	250
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,085
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,070
One-person households	7,710
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	94,080
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	89,970
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	90,035
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	83,870
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	67,945
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,490
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,640
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,945
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	19,770
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	94,015
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	89,870
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	69,100
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	89,910
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,550
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,940
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	66,100
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	67,935
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	67,100
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,620
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,590
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,780
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,380
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,745
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,630
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	94,015
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	38,335
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	85,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	97,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,925
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,960
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	89.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	73.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	10.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	94,080
Without total income	4,105
With total income	89,970
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,410
$10,000 to $19,999	8,670
$20,000 to $29,999	9,335
$30,000 to $39,999	7,870
$40,000 to $49,999	7,455
$50,000 to $59,999	6,955
$60,000 to $69,999	6,655
$70,000 to $79,999	5,880
$80,000 to $89,999	5,225
$90,000 to $99,999	4,555
$100,000 and over	18,965
$100,000 to $149,999	12,765
$150,000 and over	6,200
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	94,080
Without after-tax income	4,040
With after-tax income	90,035
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,980
$10,000 to $19,999	9,055
$20,000 to $29,999	10,500
$30,000 to $39,999	9,470
$40,000 to $49,999	9,170
$50,000 to $59,999	8,695
$60,000 to $69,999	7,535
$70,000 to $79,999	6,515
$80,000 to $89,999	5,710
$90,000 to $99,999	4,285
$100,000 and over	10,115
$100,000 to $124,999	5,410
$125,000 and over	4,700
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	94,080
Without employment income	26,130
With employment income	67,950
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,570
$5,000 to $9,999	4,605
$10,000 to $19,999	6,075
$20,000 to $29,999	4,375
$30,000 to $39,999	4,125
$40,000 to $49,999	4,390
$50,000 to $59,999	4,485
$60,000 to $69,999	4,515
$70,000 to $79,999	3,935
$80,000 to $89,999	3,825
$90,000 to $99,999	3,775
$100,000 and over	15,270
$100,000 to $124,999	6,920
$125,000 and over	8,350
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	94,080
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	87,675
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	87,720
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	82,190
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	67,580
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	72,480
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,370
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,680
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	94,015
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	87,540
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	66,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	87,580
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,100
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	82,150
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	65,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	67,535
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	65,100
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	72,540
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,090
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,995
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,040
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	94,015
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	38,035
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	80,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	90,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,125
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,840
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	92.4
Employment income (%)	76.0
Government transfers (%)	7.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	42,055
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	125,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	105,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	7,710
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	67,000
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,400
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	34,340
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	140,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	118,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	42,045
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	147,800
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	118,800
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	7,725
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	73,700
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	59,650
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	34,320
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	164,400
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	132,200
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	42,050
Under $5,000	280
$5,000 to $9,999	140
$10,000 to $14,999	190
$15,000 to $19,999	305
$20,000 to $24,999	530
$25,000 to $29,999	480
$30,000 to $34,999	520
$35,000 to $39,999	645
$40,000 to $44,999	745
$45,000 to $49,999	790
$50,000 to $59,999	1,650
$60,000 to $69,999	2,025
$70,000 to $79,999	2,165
$80,000 to $89,999	2,385
$90,000 to $99,999	2,320
$100,000 and over	26,870
$100,000 to $124,999	5,905
$125,000 to $149,999	5,080
$150,000 to $199,999	7,055
$200,000 and over	8,835
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	42,050
Under $5,000	345
$5,000 to $9,999	145
$10,000 to $14,999	215
$15,000 to $19,999	315
$20,000 to $24,999	585
$25,000 to $29,999	550
$30,000 to $34,999	635
$35,000 to $39,999	820
$40,000 to $44,999	925
$45,000 to $49,999	985
$50,000 to $59,999	2,300
$60,000 to $69,999	2,620
$70,000 to $79,999	2,920
$80,000 to $89,999	3,035
$90,000 to $99,999	3,065
$100,000 and over	22,595
$100,000 to $124,999	6,740
$125,000 to $149,999	5,055
$150,000 and over	10,800
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	33,640
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	140,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,000
Average family size of economic families	3.1
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	11,500
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	17,330
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	170,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	141,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,015
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	10,125
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	61,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	33,650
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	164,400
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	131,800
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,420
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	139,600
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	112,200
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	17,475
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	195,000
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	155,400
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,985
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	99,500
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	84,400
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	10,100
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	67,700
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	55,300
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	115,430
0 to 17 years	26,280
0 to 5 years	6,830
18 to 64 years	71,230
65 years and over	17,920
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	5,995
0 to 17 years	1,630
0 to 5 years	430
18 to 64 years	3,145
65 years and over	1,215
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.2
0 to 17 years (%)	6.2
0 to 5 years (%)	6.3
18 to 64 years (%)	4.4
65 years and over (%)	6.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	115,430
0 to 17 years	26,280
0 to 5 years	6,825
18 to 64 years	71,225
65 years and over	17,915
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,710
0 to 17 years	685
0 to 5 years	175
18 to 64 years	1,710
65 years and over	315
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.4
0 to 17 years (%)	2.6
0 to 5 years (%)	2.5
18 to 64 years (%)	2.4
65 years and over (%)	1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	115,430
In bottom half of the distribution	33,305
In bottom decile	5,390
In second decile	5,030
In third decile	6,215
In fourth decile	7,420
In fifth decile	9,250
In top half of the distribution	82,120
In sixth decile	11,150
In seventh decile	13,135
In eighth decile	15,475
In ninth decile	19,435
In top decile	22,925
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	115,430
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.312
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.377
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.270
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	115,900
English only	81,500
French only	470
English and French	32,105
Neither English nor French	1,820
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	115,900
English	104,210
French	7,555
English and French	2,365
Neither English nor French	1,770
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	115,900
Single responses	110,050
Official languages	82,670
English	75,755
French	6,910
Non-official languages	27,375
Indigenous languages³⁹	25
Algonquian languages	15
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	10
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	10
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	27,355
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,535
Berber languages	55
Kabyle	45
Tamazight	15
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	5
Cushitic languages	235
Bilen	0
Oromo	10
Somali	220
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	3,245
Amharic	80
Arabic	3,010
Aramaic languages	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	80
Maltese	5
Tigrigna	55
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,130
Khmer (Cambodian)	190
Vietnamese	940
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	725
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15
Cebuano	30
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	10
Ilocano	50
Indonesian	60
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	540
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10
Creole languages	170
Haitian Creole	130
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	15
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	25
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	890
Kannada	70
Malayalam	185
Tamil	470
Telugu	160
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	11,930
Albanian	95
Armenian	55
Balto-Slavic languages	3,490
Baltic languages	60
Latvian	35
Lithuanian	25
Slavic languages	3,430
Belarusian	15
Bulgarian	115
Czech	105
Macedonian	15
Polish	675
Russian	1,780
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	360
Bosnian	110
Croatian	80
Serbian	165
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	105
Slovene (Slovenian)	20
Ukrainian	250
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	5
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	5
Welsh	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	900
Frisian	5
High German languages	555
German	525
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	20
Yiddish	5
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	265
Afrikaans	55
Dutch	200
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	5
Scandinavian languages	80
Danish	35
Icelandic	5
Norwegian	10
Swedish	25
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	150
Indo-Iranian languages	4,370
Indo-Aryan languages	3,140
Assamese	0
Bengali	310
Gujarati	260
Hindi	770
Kacchi	10
Kashmiri	15
Konkani	10
Marathi	75
Nepali	25
Oriya languages	20
Odia	10
Oriya, n.o.s.	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	675
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	20
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	75
Urdu	850
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25
Iranian languages	1,225
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	65
Parsi	10
Pashto	60
Persian languages	1,095
Dari	120
Iranian Persian	915
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	55
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,865
Catalan	0
Italian	475
Portuguese	555
Romanian	480
Spanish	1,350
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	115
Korean	350
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	330
Akan (Twi)	45
Bamanankan	15
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5
Ga	5
Ganda	10
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	15
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	30
Lingala	5
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	50
Shona	20
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	35
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	5
Yoruba	40
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	15
American Sign Language	10
Quebec Sign Language	5
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	6,990
Chinese languages	6,970
Hakka	20
Mandarin	5,390
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	105
Wu (Shanghainese)	55
Yue (Cantonese)	1,345
Chinese, n.o.s.	45
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	15
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	10
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	145
Lao	95
Thai	45
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	5
Turkic languages	795
Azerbaijani	30
Kazakh	0
Turkish	740
Uyghur	5
Uzbek	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15
Uralic languages	230
Estonian	5
Finnish	45
Hungarian	175
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	5,850
English and French	1,830
English and non-official language(s)	3,090
French and non-official language(s)	280
English, French and non-official language(s)	350
Multiple non-official languages	300
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	115,900
English	79,385
French	1,965
Non-official language	7,220
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	7,220
English and French	5,375
English and non-official language(s)	18,660
French and non-official language(s)	315
English, French and non-official language(s)	2,435
Multiple non-official languages	535
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	115,900
Single responses	109,850
Official languages	94,245
English	91,125
French	3,120
Non-official languages	15,605
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	15,600
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,945
Berber languages	30
Kabyle	20
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	85
Bilen	0
Oromo	10
Somali	75
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	1,830
Amharic	35
Arabic	1,720
Aramaic languages	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	40
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	30
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	620
Khmer (Cambodian)	95
Vietnamese	525
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	290
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	15
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	30
Indonesian	15
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	230
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	80
Haitian Creole	60
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	15
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	565
Kannada	40
Malayalam	100
Tamil	320
Telugu	100
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	6,055
Albanian	40
Armenian	25
Balto-Slavic languages	1,910
Baltic languages	10
Latvian	5
Lithuanian	5
Slavic languages	1,900
Belarusian	10
Bulgarian	45
Czech	30
Macedonian	5
Polish	270
Russian	1,205
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	175
Bosnian	45
Croatian	35
Serbian	95
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	40
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	115
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	90
Frisian	0
High German languages	40
German	35
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	5
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40
Afrikaans	15
Dutch	25
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	10
Danish	5
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	30
Indo-Iranian languages	2,590
Indo-Aryan languages	1,770
Assamese	0
Bengali	180
Gujarati	125
Hindi	385
Kacchi	10
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	30
Nepali	10
Oriya languages	10
Odia	5
Oriya, n.o.s.	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	410
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40
Urdu	535
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10
Iranian languages	820
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	25
Parsi	5
Pashto	30
Persian languages	760
Dari	90
Iranian Persian	640
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,365
Catalan	0
Italian	40
Portuguese	325
Romanian	240
Spanish	755
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	45
Korean	235
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	80
Akan (Twi)	5
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	35
Shona	10
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	5
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	35
American Sign Language	30
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,915
Chinese languages	4,895
Hakka	0
Mandarin	4,075
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40
Wu (Shanghainese)	30
Yue (Cantonese)	730
Chinese, n.o.s.	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	15
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	70
Lao	60
Thai	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10
Turkic languages	610
Azerbaijani	20
Kazakh	0
Turkish	580
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5
Uralic languages	60
Estonian	0
Finnish	10
Hungarian	50
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	6,050
English and French	1,205
English and non-official language(s)	4,375
French and non-official language(s)	130
English, French and non-official language(s)	245
Multiple non-official languages	90
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	115,900
None	93,335
English	7,455
French	3,925
Non-official language	8,005
Indigenous³⁹	15
Non-Indigenous	7,990
English and French	480
English and non-official language(s)	940
French and non-official language(s)	960
English, French and non-official language(s)	35
Multiple non-official languages	775
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	115,515
Official languages	113,730
English	113,225
French	32,575
Non-official languages	37,060
Indigenous languages³⁹	65
Algonquian languages	30
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	10
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	10
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	15
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	15
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	15
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	37,005
Afro-Asiatic languages	5,285
Berber languages	115
Kabyle	90
Tamazight	15
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	315
Bilen	0
Oromo	45
Somali	275
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	5,005
Amharic	185
Arabic	4,505
Aramaic languages	35
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	25
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	300
Maltese	10
Tigrigna	40
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,465
Khmer (Cambodian)	260
Vietnamese	1,220
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	990
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	45
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	20
Ilocano	75
Indonesian	120
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	45
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	820
Waray-Waray	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10
Creole languages	410
Haitian Creole	335
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	25
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	60
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15
Dravidian languages	1,445
Kannada	180
Malayalam	300
Tamil	885
Telugu	340
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	17,820
Albanian	50
Armenian	105
Balto-Slavic languages	4,355
Baltic languages	60
Latvian	25
Lithuanian	35
Slavic languages	4,300
Belarusian	45
Bulgarian	130
Czech	255
Macedonian	20
Polish	895
Russian	2,405
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	510
Bosnian	255
Croatian	195
Serbian	215
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	240
Slovene (Slovenian)	15
Ukrainian	495
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	45
Irish	40
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	1,815
Frisian	10
High German languages	1,310
German	1,265
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	35
Yiddish	25
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	420
Afrikaans	120
Dutch	300
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	15
Vlaams (Flemish)	10
Scandinavian languages	130
Danish	50
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	25
Swedish	60
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	245
Indo-Iranian languages	6,960
Indo-Aryan languages	5,225
Assamese	0
Bengali	430
Gujarati	490
Hindi	2,430
Kacchi	45
Kashmiri	10
Konkani	35
Marathi	230
Nepali	75
Oriya languages	25
Odia	25
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,310
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	40
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	145
Urdu	1,630
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	50
Iranian languages	1,820
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	45
Parsi	0
Pashto	100
Persian languages	1,700
Dari	285
Iranian Persian	1,395
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	50
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,845
Catalan	20
Italian	790
Portuguese	775
Romanian	620
Spanish	2,995
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	315
Korean	450
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	825
Akan (Twi)	35
Bamanankan	25
Edo	0
Éwé	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	70
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	95
Lingala	85
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	90
Shona	35
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	155
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	40
Yoruba	140
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	115
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	195
American Sign Language	185
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	8,295
Chinese languages	8,245
Hakka	30
Mandarin	6,740
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	140
Wu (Shanghainese)	100
Yue (Cantonese)	1,995
Chinese, n.o.s.	65
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	25
Tibeto-Burman languages	50
Burmese	15
Kuki-Chin languages	50
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	140
Lao	85
Thai	75
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	875
Azerbaijani	95
Kazakh	25
Turkish	775
Uyghur	35
Uzbek	25
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10
Uralic languages	435
Estonian	15
Finnish	120
Hungarian	300
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	115,515
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,610
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,500
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,390
Métis	1,075
Inuk (Inuit)	35
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	40
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	70
Non-Indigenous identity	112,905
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	115,515
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	680
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	114,840
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	42,045
Owner	34,770
Renter	7,275
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	42,045
Condominium	3,970
Not condominium	38,075
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	42,045
No bedrooms	85
1 bedroom	1,445
2 bedrooms	5,150
3 bedrooms	20,155
4 or more bedrooms	15,210
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	42,045
1 to 4 rooms	4,695
5 rooms	5,310
6 rooms	7,085
7 rooms	7,395
8 or more rooms	17,560
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.2
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	42,045
One person or fewer per room	41,585
More than one person per room	460
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	42,045
Suitable	40,740
Not suitable	1,305
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	42,045
1960 or before	1,470
1961 to 1980	7,730
1981 to 1990	7,295
1991 to 2000	8,405
2001 to 2005	4,920
2006 to 2010	4,590
2011 to 2015	4,465
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,165
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	42,045
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	40,565
Major repairs needed	1,480
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	42,045
One-maintainer household	17,430
Two-maintainer household	22,885
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,730
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	42,045
15 to 24 years	330
25 to 34 years	4,250
35 to 44 years	8,095
45 to 54 years	9,510
55 to 64 years	9,445
65 to 74 years	6,185
75 to 84 years	3,245
85 years and over	985
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	41,750
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	35,575
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,180
30% to less than 100%	5,505
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	42,045
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,380
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,670
Not suitable only	1,055
Major repairs needed only	1,075
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	175
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	330
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	70
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0
Acceptable housing	33,665
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	41,075
In core need	2,610
Not in core need	38,470
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	34,575
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.4
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.1
% in core housing need⁶³	4.0
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,550
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,624
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	650,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	674,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,275
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.3
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	37.3
% in core housing need⁶³	17.8
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,900
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,806
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	115,515
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	610
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	605
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	430
Métis single ancestry	135
Inuit single ancestry	35
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,640
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,605
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,680
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	910
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	30
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	111,270
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	115,515
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	106,270
Canadian citizens aged under 18	24,535
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	81,735
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	9,245
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	115,515
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	83,425
Immigrants⁸¹	30,430
Before 1980	4,445
1980 to 1990	3,475
1991 to 2000	6,870
2001 to 2010	6,915
2011 to 2021⁸²	8,730
2011 to 2015	3,520
2016 to 2021	5,210
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,660
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	30,430
Under 5 years	2,870
5 to 14 years	4,965
15 to 24 years	4,775
25 to 44 years	15,115
45 years and over	2,710
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	30,430
Americas	3,365
Brazil	345
Colombia	195
El Salvador	230
Guyana	120
Haiti	280
Jamaica	220
Mexico	220
Peru	55
Trinidad and Tobago	120
United States of America	1,055
Other places of birth in Americas	525
Europe	7,270
Bosnia and Herzegovina	195
Croatia	70
France	200
Germany	425
Greece	40
Hungary	85
Italy	170
Netherlands	185
Poland	525
Portugal	50
Romania	460
Russian Federation	690
Serbia⁸⁶	80
Ukraine	510
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,445
Other places of birth in Europe	1,135
Africa	2,965
Algeria	175
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	150
Egypt	600
Eritrea	35
Ethiopia	130
Morocco	205
Nigeria	300
Somalia	145
South Africa, Republic of	200
Other places of birth in Africa	1,025
Asia	16,750
Afghanistan	210
Iran⁸⁸	1,090
Iraq	250
Lebanon	575
Syria⁸⁹	395
Turkey	425
China⁹⁰	4,755
Hong Kong⁹¹	575
Korea, South⁹²	280
Taiwan	125
Philippines	875
Viet Nam	970
Bangladesh	255
India	2,810
Pakistan	715
Sri Lanka	390
Other places of birth in Asia	2,065
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	75
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	5,210
Americas	485
Brazil	145
Colombia	10
Haiti	40
Jamaica	0
Mexico	35
United States of America	185
Venezuela⁹⁵	15
Other places of birth in Americas	50
Europe	670
France	40
Germany	20
Ireland⁹⁶	15
Italy	0
Russian Federation	125
Ukraine	160
United Kingdom⁸⁷	130
Other places of birth in Europe	180
Africa	610
Algeria	0
Burundi	25
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20
Côte d'Ivoire	25
Egypt	110
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	60
Nigeria	170
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	40
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	65
Other places of birth in Africa	80
Asia	3,440
Afghanistan	45
Bangladesh	30
China⁹⁰	930
Hong Kong⁹¹	15
India	1,015
Iran⁸⁸	185
Iraq	50
Israel	60
Japan	10
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	55
Lebanon	75
Nepal	15
Pakistan	90
Philippines	90
Saudi Arabia	35
Sri Lanka	20
Syria⁸⁹	170
Turkey	230
United Arab Emirates	60
Viet Nam	65
Other places of birth in Asia	185
Oceania and other⁹³	0
Australia	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	115,515
First generation¹⁰⁰	33,580
Second generation¹⁰¹	24,835
Third generation or more¹⁰²	57,100
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	25,985
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	15,475
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	6,640
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	8,835
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	6,595
Refugees¹⁰⁸	3,685
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	230
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	25,985
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,490
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,500
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,110
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	2,035
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	150
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	18,690
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	115,515
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	34,580
South Asian	8,115
Chinese	9,235
Black	4,340
Filipino	1,195
Arab	3,970
Latin American	1,495
Southeast Asian	2,045
West Asian	1,960
Korean	605
Japanese	235
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	315
Multiple visible minorities	1,060
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	80,930
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	115,515
Canadian	13,345
English	21,185
Irish	26,110
Scottish	21,610
French, n.o.s.¹²²	14,630
German	10,040
Chinese	9,350
Italian	4,285
Indian (India)	4,345
Ukrainian	3,015
Dutch	3,410
Polish	4,170
Québécois	395
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	5,095
Filipino	1,210
French Canadian	2,945
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,880
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,280
Métis	1,080
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,690
Russian	1,995
Norwegian	595
Welsh	2,235
Portuguese	745
American	1,260
Spanish	1,180
Swedish	820
Hungarian	1,225
Acadian	790
Pakistani	1,250
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,075
Jewish	965
Punjabi	470
Vietnamese	1,330
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	1,805
Greek	535
Jamaican	505
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	655
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	120
Korean	610
Romanian	930
Lebanese	1,375
Iranian	1,265
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	575
Danish	615
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	385
Sikh	275
Austrian	555
Belgian	470
Haitian	340
Hindu	625
Mexican	330
Mennonite	110
Swiss	410
Finnish	585
Sri Lankan	385
Croatian	355
Japanese	325
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	410
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	240
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	440
Muslim	720
Egyptian	1,050
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	310
Tamil	415
Icelandic	175
Colombian	280
Moroccan	195
Czech	490
Syrian	465
Guyanese	160
Afghan	320
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	305
Serbian	225
Ojibway	175
Newfoundlander	355
Hong Konger	175
Ontarian	615
Persian	485
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	225
Turkish	835
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	55
Bangladeshi	275
Algerian	155
Brazilian	345
Nigerian	295
Armenian	235
Slovak	420
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	340
Somali	270
Taiwanese	185
Iraqi	265
Salvadorean	225
African Caribbean	150
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	200
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	345
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	210
Algonquin	390
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	80
Lithuanian	260
South African	325
Australian	105
Palestinian	515
Chilean	10
Congolese	255
Nova Scotian	120
Ethiopian	175
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	160
Peruvian	60
Yoruba	80
Cambodian (Khmer)	430
Berber	100
Albanian	70
Maltese	60
Macedonian	45
Slovenian	85
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	200
New Brunswicker	40
Gujarati	165
Eritrean	55
African Canadian	75
Israeli	130
Mohawk	225
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	105
Bulgarian	180
Albertan	10
Ghanaian	60
Barbadian	80
African American	60
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	100
Tunisian	95
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	200
Cuban	100
Bosnian	225
Venezuelan	95
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	25
Latvian	130
Bengali	135
Cameroonian	20
Guatemalan	35
Indonesian	160
Laotian	125
Ilocano	30
Northern Irish	140
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	85
British Columbian	30
Ecuadorian	0
Franco Ontarian	265
Argentinian	95
Estonian	80
Kurdish	90
Fijian	0
Jatt	20
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	80
Coptic	85
Thai	150
Dominican	85
Nepali	75
Kabyle	45
Assyrian	40
Igbo	85
Byelorussian	165
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	45
Abenaki	15
Moldovan	60
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	40
New Zealander	50
Sudanese	30
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	40
Malaysian	60
Plains Cree	30
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	105
Huron (Wendat)	20
Saskatchewanian	20
Buddhist	100
Gaspesian	15
Norman	20
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	35
Ivorian	35
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	35
Burundian	145
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	45
Mauritian	40
Kenyan	30
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	55
Manitoban	30
Cape Bretoner	40
Rwandan	45
Grenadian	20
Malayali	50
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	35
Mayan	30
Honduran	25
Cherokee	75
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	25
Indo-Caribbean	10
Flemish	50
United Empire Loyalist	45
Senegalese	30
Azerbaijani	50
Sicilian	0
Pashtun	50
Malay	15
Goan	25
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	25
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	50
Burmese	35
Mongolian	50
Azorean	30
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	20
Oromo	30
Tanzanian	35
Yemeni	60
Central African	10
Libyan	70
Basque	45
Uruguayan	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	35
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	55
Igorot	0
Fulani	15
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	20
St. Lucian	20
Prince Edward Islander	40
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	25
Roma	10
Costa Rican	15
African Nova Scotian	15
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	20
Singaporean	15
Karen	0
Edo	25
Tajik	15
Amhara	25
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	115,515
Buddhist	1,405
Christian	59,100
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,920
Anabaptist	80
Anglican	6,265
Baptist	1,005
Catholic	30,420
Christian Orthodox	2,475
Jehovah's Witness	270
Latter Day Saints	125
Lutheran	940
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	400
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,040
Presbyterian	1,440
Reformed	145
United Church	5,100
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,485
Hindu	3,040
Jewish	835
Muslim	8,890
Sikh	860
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	35
Other religions and spiritual traditions	815
No religion and secular perspectives	40,530
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	114,560
Non-movers	103,505
Movers	11,050
Non-migrants	7,435
Migrants	3,615
Internal migrants	2,495
Intraprovincial migrants	1,540
Interprovincial migrants	950
External migrants	1,125
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	109,910
Non-movers	72,075
Movers	37,835
Non-migrants	22,320
Migrants	15,510
Internal migrants	9,965
Intraprovincial migrants	5,705
Interprovincial migrants	4,260
External migrants	5,550
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	94,015
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,410
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	84,600
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	61,980
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,410
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	59,570
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	94,015
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,660
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	21,110
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	64,250
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,955
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,250
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,640
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,610
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	19,865
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,840
Bachelor's degree or higher	39,295
Bachelor's degree	24,100
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,975
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	825
Master's degree	10,320
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	2,080
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	61,980
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,945
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,220
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	49,820
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,295
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,145
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,070
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,075
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,875
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,280
Bachelor's degree or higher	31,520
Bachelor's degree	19,105
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,520
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	640
Master's degree	8,700
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,560
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	94,015
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	29,765
Education	3,030
13. Education	3,030
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,705
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	195
50. Visual and performing arts	1,510
Humanities	3,245
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	535
23. English language and literature/letters	825
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	765
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	75
38. Philosophy and religious studies	135
39. Theology and religious vocations	210
54. History	495
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	200
Social and behavioural sciences and law	9,585
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	130
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,065
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,205
22. Legal professions and studies	1,390
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	225
42. Psychology	1,680
45. Social sciences	3,890
Business, management and public administration	12,195
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20
44. Public administration and social service professions	820
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,355
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,650
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,650
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	585
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30
40. Physical sciences	1,275
41. Science technologies/technicians	110
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,975
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,950
25. Library science	240
27. Mathematics and statistics	575
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	210
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	14,370
04. Architecture and related services	605
14. Engineering	7,945
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,175
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	1,130
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,070
48. Precision production	440
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,085
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	730
03. Natural resources and conservation	350
Health and related fields	7,180
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	735
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,270
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	160
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,225
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,050
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	95
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	80
43. Security and protective services	770
49. Transportation and materials moving	235
Other¹⁷⁹	15
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	61,985
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	12,165
Education	2,035
13. Education	2,035
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,305
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	145
50. Visual and performing arts	1,170
Humanities	2,295
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	420
23. English language and literature/letters	595
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	520
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	65
38. Philosophy and religious studies	95
39. Theology and religious vocations	135
54. History	335
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	130
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,535
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	105
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	885
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	915
22. Legal professions and studies	1,120
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	175
42. Psychology	1,280
45. Social sciences	3,055
Business, management and public administration	9,705
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20
44. Public administration and social service professions	600
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,080
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,560
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,205
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	455
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30
40. Physical sciences	825
41. Science technologies/technicians	55
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,090
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,350
25. Library science	100
27. Mathematics and statistics	455
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	190
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,210
04. Architecture and related services	445
14. Engineering	6,550
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,410
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	795
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	750
48. Precision production	270
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	815
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	540
03. Natural resources and conservation	275
Health and related fields	5,470
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	590
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,765
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	105
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,785
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	845
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	80
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	35
43. Security and protective services	640
49. Transportation and materials moving	180
Other¹⁷⁹	15
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	61,985
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,165
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	49,820
Location of study inside Canada	39,170
Same as province or territory of residence	32,860
Different than province or territory of residence	6,310
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	10,645
Americas	1,750
United States of America	1,135
Mexico	110
Cuba	35
Haiti	20
Jamaica	20
Brazil	215
Colombia	105
Peru	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	40
Other locations of study in Americas	55
Europe	2,695
Belgium	35
France	175
Germany	120
Netherlands	45
Switzerland	15
Hungary	20
Moldova¹⁸³	25
Poland	115
Romania	215
Russian Federation	355
Ukraine	225
Ireland⁹⁶	80
United Kingdom⁸⁷	845
Bosnia and Herzegovina	50
Italy	10
Serbia⁸⁶	50
Other locations of study in Europe	320
Africa	760
Nigeria	100
Algeria	50
Morocco	40
Tunisia	35
Egypt	320
South Africa, Republic of	75
Other locations of study in Africa	145
Asia	5,270
Iran⁸⁸	270
Iraq	70
Israel	130
Lebanon	95
Syria⁸⁹	120
Turkey	185
China⁹⁰	1,675
Taiwan	55
Hong Kong⁹¹	40
Japan	80
Korea, South⁹²	180
Philippines	420
Viet Nam	50
Bangladesh	80
Sri Lanka	20
India	1,305
Pakistan	175
Other locations of study in Asia	300
Oceania	175
Australia	150
New Zealand	30
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	94,015
In the labour force	63,175
Employed	57,415
Unemployed	5,760
Not in the labour force	30,840
Participation rate	67.2
Employment rate	61.1
Unemployment rate	9.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	94,015
Did not work¹⁸⁶	30,240
Worked	63,775
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	39,240
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	24,535
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	63,175
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,465
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	61,710
Employee	53,920
Permanent position	45,870
Temporary position	8,055
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,715
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,340
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,785
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	63,175
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,465
All occupations¹⁹¹	61,710
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	965
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	11,930
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	14,135
3 Health occupations	4,235
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,865
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,065
6 Sales and service occupations	11,570
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,140
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	780
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,025
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	63,175
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,465
All industries¹⁹¹	61,710
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	400
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	75
22 Utilities	265
23 Construction	3,620
31-33 Manufacturing	3,105
41 Wholesale trade	2,330
44-45 Retail trade	5,875
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,675
51 Information and cultural industries	1,740
52 Finance and insurance	1,970
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,035
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	9,955
55 Management of companies and enterprises	80
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,170
61 Educational services	4,320
62 Health care and social assistance	6,500
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,000
72 Accommodation and food services	2,490
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,040
91 Public administration	11,060
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	67,145
English	57,235
French	510
Non-official language	265
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	265
English and French	7,880
English and non-official language(s)	1,060
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	190
Multiple non-official languages	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	67,145
Single responses	66,025
Official languages	65,570
English	64,455
French	1,115
Non-official languages	455
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	455
Afro-Asiatic languages	45
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	45
Amharic	0
Arabic	45
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	10
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	140
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	65
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	65
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	10
Russian	60
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	25
Indo-Aryan languages	15
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	35
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	15
Romanian	0
Spanish	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	25
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	195
Chinese languages	195
Hakka	0
Mandarin	170
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	30
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	20
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	20
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	1,120
English and French	925
English and non-official language(s)	190
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	67,145
None	59,090
English	780
French	6,380
Non-official language	655
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	650
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	150
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	80
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	57,420
Worked at home	26,950
Worked outside Canada	150
No fixed workplace address	4,635
Usual place of work	25,690
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	25,690
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	24,110
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,205
Commute to a different province or territory	370
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	30,320
Car, truck or van	26,440
Car, truck or van - as a driver	23,905
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,530
Public transit	1,465
Walked	1,155
Bicycle	220
Other method	1,035
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	30,320
Less than 15 minutes	8,405
15 to 29 minutes	11,545
30 to 44 minutes	6,485
45 to 59 minutes	2,285
60 minutes and over	1,600
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	30,320
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,660
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,700
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	7,920
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,510
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,225
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,305
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	26,835
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,525
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,315
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	20,915
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,135
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	3,485
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,650
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,780

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed March 8, 2026).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2025-12-10

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Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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