Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	New BrunswickMore information: [Province] Remove	British ColumbiaMore information: [Province] Remove	ManitobaMore information: [Province] Remove	Nova ScotiaMore information: [Province] Remove	YukonMore information: [Territory] Remove
	Counts	Counts	Counts	Counts	Counts
	Total	Total	Total	Total	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	775,610	5,000,879	1,342,153	969,383	40,232
Population, 2016¹	747,101	4,648,055	1,278,365	923,598	35,874
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.8	7.6	5.0	5.0	12.1
Total private dwellings²	366,146	2,211,694	571,528	476,007	19,610
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	337,651	2,041,834	518,054	428,228	17,181
Population density per square kilometre	10.9	5.4	2.5	18.4	0.1
Land area in square kilometres	71,248.50	920,686.55	540,310.19	52,824.71	472,345.44
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	775,610	5,000,880	1,342,150	969,380	40,230
0 to 14 years	111,130	716,900	252,935	136,710	6,820
0 to 4 years	32,280	216,825	80,435	40,340	2,175
5 to 9 years	38,240	244,290	86,250	47,070	2,375
10 to 14 years	40,605	255,790	86,250	49,300	2,275
15 to 64 years	487,320	3,267,620	860,165	617,345	27,360
15 to 19 years	39,090	253,690	80,905	48,180	2,085
20 to 24 years	42,125	294,650	91,415	58,005	2,140
25 to 29 years	42,380	337,090	90,470	60,430	2,705
30 to 34 years	43,485	358,585	91,805	59,575	3,415
35 to 39 years	45,925	353,350	90,150	57,755	3,425
40 to 44 years	47,320	319,740	84,530	56,420	2,840
45 to 49 years	50,140	310,035	80,235	59,200	2,615
50 to 54 years	52,140	329,005	78,210	63,775	2,460
55 to 59 years	62,315	356,345	87,295	77,080	2,805
60 to 64 years	62,395	355,130	85,155	76,935	2,880
65 years and over	177,160	1,016,365	229,050	215,325	6,050
65 to 69 years	57,190	319,405	73,060	68,395	2,370
70 to 74 years	48,855	272,365	59,955	59,435	1,765
75 to 79 years	31,675	181,075	39,885	39,325	1,025
80 to 84 years	20,400	121,055	26,890	25,130	505
85 years and over	19,040	122,465	29,255	23,035	385
85 to 89 years	11,815	74,315	17,200	14,595	255
90 to 94 years	5,370	36,840	8,970	6,345	110
95 to 99 years	1,600	9,790	2,640	1,805	20
100 years and over	250	1,515	445	290	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.3	14.3	18.8	14.1	17.0
15 to 64 years	62.8	65.3	64.1	63.7	68.0
65 years and over	22.8	20.3	17.1	22.2	15.0
85 years and over	2.5	2.4	2.2	2.4	1.0
Average age of the population	44.7	43.1	39.7	44.2	39.9
Median age of the population	46.8	42.8	38.4	45.6	39.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	337,655	2,041,835	518,055	428,230	17,180
Single-detached house	228,950	866,340	343,990	272,980	10,355
Semi-detached house	13,490	62,890	18,185	21,605	1,270
Row house	9,740	168,590	19,725	11,220	1,250
Apartment or flat in a duplex	13,890	249,835	7,445	13,165	700
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	51,985	417,475	74,865	64,575	1,980
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	4,260	221,845	43,665	28,650	55
Other single-attached house	1,140	3,760	600	700	125
Movable dwelling⁴	14,195	51,100	9,590	15,345	1,445
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	337,650	2,041,835	518,055	428,225	17,185
1 person	100,545	600,705	146,225	131,850	5,615
2 persons	133,125	719,865	173,990	166,475	5,800
3 persons	49,350	296,200	74,615	61,700	2,500
4 persons	37,185	256,700	69,480	45,700	2,100
5 or more persons	17,445	168,355	53,740	22,500	1,165
Number of persons in private households	759,195	4,915,945	1,307,185	955,855	39,585
Average household size	2.3	2.4	2.5	2.2	2.3
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	664,480	4,283,980	1,089,215	832,670	33,410
Married or living common-law	385,800	2,464,130	616,260	471,570	18,280
Married	298,905	2,036,165	515,480	372,690	12,450
Living common-law	86,900	427,970	100,785	98,885	5,830
Living common law - Never married	62,670	313,560	75,340	69,735	4,625
Living common law - Separated	5,495	17,220	4,135	5,510	155
Living common law - Divorced	16,185	87,370	19,035	20,870	960
Living common law - Widowed	2,545	9,815	2,275	2,765	95
Not married and not living common-law	278,675	1,819,845	472,955	361,105	15,135
Not married and not living common law - Never married	174,335	1,202,625	330,855	230,425	10,650
Not married and not living common law - Separated	21,995	110,710	24,470	25,025	795
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	38,865	283,035	57,440	52,000	2,435
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	43,480	223,475	60,190	53,655	1,250
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	226,865	1,399,405	359,585	280,335	10,925
2 persons	134,025	763,875	179,345	166,340	5,995
3 persons	46,020	290,335	73,610	56,715	2,255
4 persons	34,240	255,295	67,475	41,255	1,900
5 or more persons	12,575	89,900	39,150	16,030	780
Average size of census families	2.7	2.8	3.0	2.7	2.8
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	1.7	1.9	1.7	1.7
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	226,860	1,399,405	359,585	280,340	10,925
Total couple families	189,695	1,190,930	298,295	231,690	8,880
Married couples	146,250	977,010	247,900	182,255	5,965
With children⁶	61,280	496,240	133,760	78,455	3,045
Without children	84,970	480,770	114,140	103,795	2,915
Common-law couples	43,445	213,925	50,390	49,435	2,915
With children⁶	18,140	64,570	20,505	17,320	1,100
Without children	25,300	149,355	29,885	32,120	1,815
Total one-parent families	37,170	208,475	61,295	48,645	2,045
in which the parent is a woman+	28,480	161,820	46,900	38,280	1,500
in which the parent is a man+	8,690	46,655	14,390	10,370	550
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	759,195	4,915,945	1,307,185	955,855	39,585
Total - Persons in census families	610,540	3,897,915	1,067,425	753,775	30,465
Married spouses or common-law partners	379,385	2,381,865	596,590	463,385	17,760
Parents in one-parent families	37,170	208,475	61,290	48,645	2,045
Children⁶	193,990	1,307,575	409,545	241,745	10,660
In a two-parent family	138,825	1,001,235	306,475	167,950	7,520
In a one-parent family	55,160	306,340	103,070	73,800	3,140
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	148,655	1,018,030	239,765	202,080	9,120
Living alone	100,545	600,705	146,225	131,850	5,615
Living with other relatives⁷	16,425	139,900	42,720	20,715	990
Living with non-relatives only	31,685	277,425	50,815	49,515	2,515
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	337,650	2,041,830	518,050	428,225	17,180
One-census-family households without additional persons	205,710	1,157,520	313,500	253,030	9,465
Couple-family households	176,405	1,002,775	268,430	214,615	7,865
With children⁶	73,840	463,945	137,200	88,670	3,690
Without children	102,565	538,825	131,230	125,945	4,175
One-parent-family households	29,305	154,745	45,070	38,415	1,605
Multigenerational households⁸	6,490	75,700	14,025	8,620	355
Multiple-census-family households⁹	1,195	20,325	2,815	1,570	115
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	8,870	79,015	17,525	11,175	690
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	14,850	108,570	23,950	21,980	945
One-person households	100,545	600,705	146,225	131,850	5,620
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	648,350	4,200,500	1,058,435	819,310	32,775
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	628,005	4,076,345	1,023,160	792,265	31,810
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	40,800	39,200	38,000	54,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	628,280	4,078,810	1,023,830	792,675	31,825
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	37,200	35,200	33,600	49,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	541,600	3,655,710	906,495	688,495	29,555
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,600	35,200	34,000	32,000	51,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	434,895	2,886,365	743,325	543,545	26,135
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	38,000	35,600	33,200	52,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	508,885	3,377,800	934,305	644,215	27,060
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,600	10,000	7,950	12,000	6,120
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	114,900	370,345	113,175	109,425	3,065
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	5,480	5,440	6,240	6,160
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	153,130	1,106,935	254,050	202,185	7,390
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	648,245	4,200,425	1,058,410	819,315	32,775
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	627,765	4,075,270	1,024,110	792,355	31,810
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,920	54,450	49,240	47,480	64,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	628,075	4,077,810	1,024,740	792,780	31,825
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	45,600	40,640	39,160	54,750
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	541,625	3,654,285	907,455	689,525	29,510
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,360	50,520	45,240	43,120	60,700
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	434,825	2,886,325	743,345	543,575	26,140
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	50,520	45,400	43,120	58,050
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	508,295	3,374,170	935,570	643,520	27,225
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,670	11,030	10,040	12,260	9,280
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	114,050	368,410	112,945	109,585	3,135
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,390	6,540	6,470	7,850	7,500
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	152,405	1,102,145	252,860	201,560	7,205
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,410	9,110	8,710	8,910	8,500
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	648,250	4,200,420	1,058,410	819,315	32,775
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	204,825	1,301,410	366,740	253,470	13,095
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,800	65,000	56,800	57,600	78,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,100	77,700	66,900	66,200	82,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	177,830	1,195,830	285,105	221,675	9,765
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,000	19,400	17,800	16,600	26,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,320	30,560	26,440	25,080	36,640
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	77.6	83.2	81.4	79.0	87.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	62.7	65.8	66.8	62.3	74.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.3	16.8	18.6	21.0	12.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	3.3	1.1	1.5	2.3	1.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4	5.6	5.5	5.6	3.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.5	4.5	4.4	4.8	3.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	648,345	4,200,500	1,058,435	819,310	32,780
Without total income	20,345	124,155	35,275	27,050	970
With total income	628,000	4,076,350	1,023,160	792,265	31,810
Under $10,000 (including loss)	48,225	385,230	101,540	65,365	2,035
$10,000 to $19,999	79,855	474,245	118,240	102,030	2,490
$20,000 to $29,999	111,820	627,895	161,905	140,270	3,670
$30,000 to $39,999	95,545	515,780	138,225	111,240	3,340
$40,000 to $49,999	84,895	442,130	124,755	96,235	3,025
$50,000 to $59,999	59,310	363,335	97,815	72,270	2,625
$60,000 to $69,999	42,020	284,130	72,980	52,910	2,570
$70,000 to $79,999	30,185	221,755	53,950	40,055	2,535
$80,000 to $89,999	23,035	172,110	41,095	32,100	2,180
$90,000 to $99,999	15,420	136,185	32,150	23,205	1,940
$100,000 and over	37,700	453,550	80,510	56,580	5,405
$100,000 to $149,999	26,865	297,440	57,310	40,070	4,095
$150,000 and over	10,835	156,105	23,195	16,510	1,310
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	648,345	4,200,500	1,058,435	819,310	32,780
Without after-tax income	20,070	121,690	34,600	26,635	955
With after-tax income	628,280	4,078,810	1,023,835	792,670	31,825
Under $10,000 (including loss)	50,965	402,375	106,400	69,720	2,130
$10,000 to $19,999	83,495	490,875	127,940	107,780	2,570
$20,000 to $29,999	132,935	705,795	191,015	164,470	4,105
$30,000 to $39,999	116,515	593,485	168,620	136,500	3,870
$40,000 to $49,999	89,015	502,775	139,790	107,015	3,470
$50,000 to $59,999	58,020	387,850	99,005	72,850	3,185
$60,000 to $69,999	37,400	283,825	66,805	50,395	3,290
$70,000 to $79,999	23,365	207,535	47,350	32,395	2,785
$80,000 to $89,999	12,930	150,155	27,130	18,025	2,165
$90,000 to $99,999	7,320	99,015	16,220	10,385	1,445
$100,000 and over	16,315	255,125	33,560	23,150	2,810
$100,000 to $124,999	8,690	127,025	17,675	12,080	1,720
$125,000 and over	7,630	128,100	15,885	11,065	1,095
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	648,345	4,200,500	1,058,435	819,310	32,780
Without employment income	213,450	1,314,135	315,110	275,765	6,640
With employment income	434,895	2,886,365	743,325	543,550	26,135
Under $5,000 (including loss)	55,130	397,640	96,985	77,555	2,920
$5,000 to $9,999	37,010	234,130	59,860	45,840	1,505
$10,000 to $19,999	59,420	339,265	92,505	71,750	2,345
$20,000 to $29,999	49,160	266,065	78,855	58,530	1,945
$30,000 to $39,999	50,625	257,235	77,580	54,505	2,020
$40,000 to $49,999	44,755	247,550	73,795	51,660	1,920
$50,000 to $59,999	34,315	230,030	59,960	40,920	1,825
$60,000 to $69,999	27,255	190,470	48,125	33,355	2,000
$70,000 to $79,999	20,855	154,990	37,685	27,430	2,020
$80,000 to $89,999	17,455	128,265	31,730	24,060	1,765
$90,000 to $99,999	11,455	105,855	25,570	17,820	1,655
$100,000 and over	27,460	334,875	60,675	40,125	4,215
$100,000 to $124,999	14,185	154,515	31,425	20,670	2,375
$125,000 and over	13,275	180,360	29,245	19,460	1,840
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	648,350	4,200,500	1,058,435	819,310	32,775
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	617,780	3,960,225	989,280	776,185	31,420
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	38,400	37,600	35,600	52,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	618,365	3,968,465	989,625	777,055	31,435
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	34,800	33,200	31,800	46,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	538,870	3,614,710	891,950	684,380	29,425
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	36,400	34,800	32,800	50,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	438,770	2,972,225	744,025	549,215	26,370
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	36,800	36,000	33,600	49,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	458,620	2,715,540	859,170	573,480	24,680
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,300	5,880	2,840	8,600	2,120
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	104,360	258,710	81,860	95,990	2,975
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,250	5,480	5,920	7,050	6,800
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	648,245	4,200,425	1,058,410	819,315	32,775
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	617,495	3,959,300	989,725	776,340	31,485
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,040	52,300	47,200	45,640	61,500
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	618,000	3,967,440	990,055	777,120	31,500
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,040	43,400	38,720	37,520	52,250
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	539,115	3,612,845	892,090	684,995	29,555
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,760	51,080	45,480	43,720	59,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	438,400	2,971,405	743,680	549,145	26,505
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,120	49,120	45,360	43,520	56,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	457,915	2,711,365	859,470	573,240	24,875
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,200	8,330	7,150	9,580	6,810
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	103,705	258,380	82,490	96,890	2,985
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,670	7,140	7,410	8,290	7,890
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	648,250	4,200,420	1,058,410	819,315	32,775
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	203,685	1,288,260	363,910	251,785	13,000
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	51,600	60,400	53,600	53,600	74,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	59,900	72,800	63,150	62,500	77,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	167,945	1,128,665	266,100	209,605	9,465
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,400	25,200	22,800	20,600	29,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,560	36,280	31,560	30,840	39,120
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.8	89.0	86.8	84.6	91.2
Employment income (%)	68.0	70.4	72.2	67.4	77.0
Government transfers (%)	17.2	10.9	13.2	15.5	8.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	3.3	0.9	1.3	2.3	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	337,650	2,041,835	518,055	428,225	17,185
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	70,000	85,000	79,500	71,500	100,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	62,000	76,000	69,000	62,400	88,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	100,545	600,705	146,225	131,850	5,620
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	43,200	41,200	36,400	51,200
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,000	39,200	36,000	32,400	46,800
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	237,105	1,441,130	371,825	296,380	11,565
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	108,000	99,000	91,000	131,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	77,500	95,000	85,000	78,000	114,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	337,650	2,041,835	518,055	428,230	17,180
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	85,400	108,600	97,300	87,900	118,900
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	72,200	91,100	80,400	72,500	101,400
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	100,470	600,425	146,310	131,820	5,620
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,160	55,600	50,040	45,240	63,000
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,920	46,680	41,480	37,760	54,250
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	237,185	1,441,410	371,745	296,405	11,560
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,300	130,800	116,000	106,800	146,200
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,100	109,600	95,800	88,000	124,400
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	337,650	2,041,835	518,055	428,225	17,180
Under $5,000	2,555	30,080	6,290	4,790	160
$5,000 to $9,999	3,550	13,160	4,145	2,660	80
$10,000 to $14,999	5,005	19,290	7,680	8,695	125
$15,000 to $19,999	5,205	41,735	7,990	7,735	305
$20,000 to $24,999	20,140	82,340	20,100	24,065	590
$25,000 to $29,999	13,035	63,830	18,985	17,035	495
$30,000 to $34,999	15,205	64,895	17,510	17,825	465
$35,000 to $39,999	16,985	75,105	19,860	19,870	475
$40,000 to $44,999	16,465	73,975	21,215	19,565	500
$45,000 to $49,999	15,135	73,180	20,700	18,950	480
$50,000 to $59,999	28,720	144,895	40,360	35,540	905
$60,000 to $69,999	26,860	139,140	38,830	33,315	1,015
$70,000 to $79,999	24,810	131,840	36,685	30,505	1,040
$80,000 to $89,999	22,570	122,530	33,840	27,540	975
$90,000 to $99,999	19,340	112,775	31,625	24,515	955
$100,000 and over	102,075	853,065	192,235	135,620	8,620
$100,000 to $124,999	36,570	235,680	62,870	46,745	2,110
$125,000 to $149,999	24,235	178,970	43,940	31,570	1,580
$150,000 to $199,999	25,140	221,175	49,315	33,750	2,490
$200,000 and over	16,125	217,240	36,110	23,565	2,435
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	337,650	2,041,835	518,055	428,225	17,180
Under $5,000	2,795	34,265	7,035	5,335	175
$5,000 to $9,999	3,625	13,550	4,245	2,750	85
$10,000 to $14,999	5,080	19,930	7,915	8,855	125
$15,000 to $19,999	5,550	43,390	8,810	8,370	305
$20,000 to $24,999	21,560	86,585	22,210	25,970	610
$25,000 to $29,999	16,020	72,515	22,280	20,455	555
$30,000 to $34,999	18,125	74,810	21,475	21,680	495
$35,000 to $39,999	19,505	85,940	24,610	23,815	585
$40,000 to $44,999	18,680	85,575	25,320	22,985	540
$45,000 to $49,999	17,375	85,000	24,380	21,995	550
$50,000 to $59,999	34,180	168,315	48,190	42,410	1,135
$60,000 to $69,999	31,255	160,070	45,970	39,910	1,280
$70,000 to $79,999	28,050	149,385	43,145	34,775	1,220
$80,000 to $89,999	23,535	136,615	38,145	29,630	1,150
$90,000 to $99,999	19,325	121,890	32,835	24,180	1,060
$100,000 and over	72,995	704,010	141,500	95,105	7,300
$100,000 to $124,999	33,440	243,560	59,905	42,740	2,130
$125,000 to $149,999	18,770	167,850	36,195	24,600	1,735
$150,000 and over	20,785	292,600	45,400	27,775	3,435
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	226,015	1,364,485	356,215	279,100	10,845
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,000	107,000	98,000	91,000	129,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	77,000	95,000	85,000	78,000	112,000
Average family size of economic families	2.8	3.0	3.1	2.8	2.9
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	103,880	562,590	133,590	127,845	4,420
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000	93,000	89,000	82,000	120,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000	83,000	76,000	71,000	104,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	80,675	561,965	155,030	97,300	4,160
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	138,000	124,000	124,000	166,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	120,000	105,000	104,000	142,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	4.0	4.2	3.9	4.0
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	34,515	188,585	54,645	45,215	1,920
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,800	70,500	64,000	60,000	83,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	54,800	65,000	58,800	55,200	76,500
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	2.6	2.9	2.6	2.7
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	132,230	878,130	197,045	181,370	8,130
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	39,200	37,200	34,000	48,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,000	36,000	33,600	30,800	44,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	225,820	1,363,860	356,080	279,025	10,860
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,600	130,400	116,200	107,400	144,400
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,200	108,900	95,700	88,100	122,600
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	103,530	561,775	133,300	127,670	4,410
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,900	115,100	106,600	97,000	136,600
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,300	96,000	86,600	79,300	115,100
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	80,950	563,000	155,485	97,420	4,190
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,800	161,800	141,000	139,400	177,000
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	111,700	133,800	115,400	112,500	149,400
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	34,265	186,930	54,305	45,155	1,870
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,100	83,400	74,000	69,100	92,500
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,100	73,100	65,300	60,750	82,200
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	132,200	875,470	197,160	181,300	7,990
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,080	50,240	45,880	42,200	59,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,360	42,720	38,400	35,600	51,500
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	759,195	4,915,940	1,307,190	955,855	39,585
0 to 17 years	134,200	866,210	296,575	165,120	8,085
0 to 5 years	39,385	264,100	95,900	49,490	2,675
18 to 64 years	458,335	3,085,015	796,825	584,500	25,750
65 years and over	166,660	964,710	213,785	206,230	5,755
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	107,975	528,870	185,145	142,180	2,990
0 to 17 years	21,345	98,830	57,935	28,510	625
0 to 5 years	7,075	29,460	21,125	9,780	230
18 to 64 years	50,945	297,960	96,515	73,130	1,610
65 years and over	35,690	132,075	30,695	40,540	760
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.2	10.8	14.2	14.9	7.6
0 to 17 years (%)	15.9	11.4	19.5	17.3	7.7
0 to 5 years (%)	18.0	11.2	22.0	19.8	8.6
18 to 64 years (%)	11.1	9.7	12.1	12.5	6.3
65 years and over (%)	21.4	13.7	14.4	19.7	13.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	750,265	4,825,465	1,244,390	943,185	0
0 to 17 years	131,660	848,955	270,600	161,185	0
0 to 5 years	38,625	259,060	87,120	48,270	0
18 to 64 years	452,815	3,033,655	763,600	577,035	0
65 years and over	165,795	942,860	210,200	204,965	0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	28,545	279,035	78,315	44,075	0
0 to 17 years	4,940	44,480	18,130	7,000	0
0 to 5 years	1,475	11,690	6,445	2,180	0
18 to 64 years	21,470	201,000	53,920	34,085	0
65 years and over	2,135	33,555	6,265	3,000	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.8	5.8	6.3	4.7	x
0 to 17 years (%)	3.8	5.2	6.7	4.3	x
0 to 5 years (%)	3.8	4.5	7.4	4.5	x
18 to 64 years (%)	4.7	6.6	7.1	5.9	x
65 years and over (%)	1.3	3.6	3.0	1.5	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	759,195	4,915,940	1,307,190	955,855	39,585
In bottom half of the distribution	459,505	2,300,730	752,545	572,455	13,990
In bottom decile	92,405	516,435	163,795	125,755	2,890
In second decile	100,770	444,845	157,385	125,480	2,625
In third decile	94,620	436,965	150,155	113,675	2,710
In fourth decile	88,080	442,745	143,855	107,485	2,680
In fifth decile	83,630	459,740	137,355	100,065	3,085
In top half of the distribution	299,685	2,615,210	554,645	383,400	25,595
In sixth decile	76,590	475,780	132,600	94,675	3,440
In seventh decile	71,410	494,480	125,730	88,660	3,965
In eighth decile	63,110	518,565	117,230	80,810	5,025
In ninth decile	51,515	550,860	101,140	67,810	6,260
In top decile	37,055	575,535	77,940	51,445	6,910
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	759,195	4,915,940	1,307,185	955,855	39,585
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.311	0.346	0.333	0.327	0.303
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.448	0.449	0.449	0.456	0.382
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.272	0.306	0.290	0.282	0.275
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	4.0	3.7	3.6	3.8
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	764,630	4,951,660	1,326,815	958,990	39,840
English only	442,430	4,461,290	1,197,535	856,200	33,950
French only	60,175	1,785	1,680	605	85
English and French	260,120	326,865	110,435	98,940	5,660
Neither English nor French	1,900	161,720	17,160	3,245	145
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	764,630	4,951,660	1,326,815	958,990	39,840
English	528,550	4,718,195	1,269,710	926,860	37,720
French	229,330	56,495	36,195	26,775	1,810
English and French	5,040	18,145	4,365	2,320	170
Neither English nor French	1,710	158,820	16,555	3,030	140
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	764,630	4,951,660	1,326,815	958,990	39,840
Single responses	745,685	4,761,600	1,268,595	941,105	38,490
Official languages	712,570	3,382,455	971,850	878,890	33,780
English	487,010	3,325,035	935,110	851,545	31,995
French	225,560	57,420	36,740	27,340	1,785
Non-official languages	33,115	1,379,145	296,745	62,220	4,705
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,715	5,490	18,885	3,230	325
Algonquian languages	1,685	820	17,565	3,175	20
Blackfoot	0	30	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	10	630	8,510	20	15
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	5	620	8,510	10	15
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	15	40	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	50	1,280	0	5
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	170	95	0	5
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	85	100	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	305	6,995	0	5
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	10	0
Naskapi	5	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	1,670	15	5	3,145	0
Mi'kmaq	1,435	10	5	3,145	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	230	5	0	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	155	9,045	5	5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	15	5,020	0	0
Ojibway languages	5	135	4,020	5	5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	10	115	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	30	1,000	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	100	2,905	5	5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	1,560	700	10	290
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	1,545	695	10	235
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	615	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	90	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	70	690	5	5
Gwich'in	0	5	0	0	55
Slavey-Hare languages	0	60	5	0	10
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	20	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	5	0	5
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	40	0	0	5
Tahltan languages	0	85	0	0	60
Kaska (Nahani)	0	5	0	0	60
Tahltan	0	80	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	10	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	35	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	460	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	5	0	0	115
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	70
Southern Tutchone	0	5	0	0	25
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	25
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	110	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	10	0	0	40
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	10
Haida	0	40	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	20	50	145	45	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	5	0	0	5
Inuinnaqtun	0	5	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	5
Inuktitut	20	35	145	45	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	10	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	5	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	30	0	0	0
Michif	0	25	95	0	5
Salish languages	0	1,080	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	180	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	100	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	180	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	265	0	0	0
Squamish	0	25	0	0	0
Straits	0	95	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	185	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	55	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	10	370	0	0
Assiniboine	0	5	0	0	0
Dakota	0	5	360	0	0
Stoney	0	5	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	1,005	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	575	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	320	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	115	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	760	0	0	0
Haisla	0	80	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	295	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	150	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	215	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	20	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	25	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	70	5	0	5
Non-Indigenous languages	31,400	1,373,655	277,865	58,990	4,380
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,860	33,195	14,095	8,935	90
Berber languages	75	110	90	20	0
Kabyle	65	70	70	10	0
Tamazight	10	25	10	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	10	10	0	0
Chadic languages	20	50	80	0	0
Hausa	10	40	70	0	0
Mina	10	10	10	0	0
Coptic	0	10	90	0	0
Cushitic languages	115	2,005	1,885	270	30
Bilen	0	30	275	0	0
Oromo	0	310	330	80	5
Somali	105	1,590	1,265	180	30
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	75	15	0	0
Semitic languages	4,645	31,020	11,945	8,645	60
Amharic	40	1,620	2,000	170	15
Arabic	4,345	22,970	6,470	7,960	40
Aramaic languages	5	1,505	5	25	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	580	5	10	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	800	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	125	0	15	0
Harari	0	15	5	0	0
Hebrew	185	2,260	540	225	5
Maltese	5	170	20	15	0
Tigrigna	45	2,455	2,875	230	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	15	25	5	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	965	34,145	4,980	965	65
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	1,530	255	10	0
Vietnamese	940	32,560	4,710	950	65
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	50	20	5	0
Austronesian languages	3,180	104,100	56,125	3,885	1,265
Bikol	5	425	170	15	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	70	1,375	565	75	20
Cebuano	225	3,585	1,150	230	80
Fijian	0	345	45	0	10
Hiligaynon	30	1,895	460	75	70
Ilocano	75	6,325	1,515	90	50
Indonesian	60	4,080	150	60	10
Kankanaey	5	200	20	5	0
Kinaray-a	0	125	40	0	0
Malagasy languages	45	35	10	0	0
Merina	25	0	5	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	30	5	0	0
Malay	15	365	10	20	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	870	1,000	10	20
Pangasinan	5	395	190	5	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,590	82,835	50,540	3,240	985
Waray-Waray	10	300	95	10	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	945	175	60	5
Creole languages	190	925	540	120	15
Haitian Creole	95	115	70	20	0
Jamaican English Creole	15	40	25	0	0
Krio	10	35	155	10	0
Morisyen	30	375	110	35	0
Sango	5	0	30	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	30	180	105	35	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	170	45	10	5
Dravidian languages	825	13,260	2,295	3,385	100
Kannada	55	565	110	90	0
Malayalam	275	4,740	1,330	1,975	75
Tamil	225	5,055	530	555	15
Telugu	270	2,810	300	750	10
Tulu	0	70	10	10	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	25	10	5	0
Georgian	5	160	10	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	85	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	14,990	657,345	166,785	28,150	2,130
Albanian	60	1,645	330	335	10
Armenian	30	1,350	60	35	0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,830	81,655	28,660	4,030	280
Baltic languages	70	1,065	130	85	5
Latvian	25	545	55	50	0
Lithuanian	45	525	70	35	5
Slavic languages	2,760	80,590	28,530	3,945	275
Belarusian	0	70	50	10	0
Bulgarian	35	2,025	150	75	0
Czech	75	5,855	500	185	70
Macedonian	20	330	135	30	0
Polish	295	15,810	5,300	870	50
Russian	1,520	28,660	9,095	1,735	75
Rusyn	0	25	10	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	300	16,425	2,265	580	20
Bosnian	60	1,655	620	130	5
Croatian	90	6,805	915	240	15
Serbian	145	7,665	690	190	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	300	40	20	0
Slovak	45	3,275	335	95	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	950	215	25	5
Ukrainian	455	7,120	10,465	330	40
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	40	15	0	5
Celtic languages	20	415	285	110	15
Irish	5	110	195	10	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	80	20	65	0
Welsh	10	200	60	20	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	30	10	15	0
Germanic languages	2,805	84,375	60,445	5,580	870
Frisian	25	200	40	30	0
High German languages	1,610	53,255	40,700	3,245	715
German	1,505	50,695	40,280	3,050	600
Pennsylvania German	55	15	45	10	0
Swiss German	50	2,330	200	165	115
Yiddish	0	215	175	25	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	980	23,295	18,230	1,890	115
Afrikaans	120	3,700	525	235	10
Dutch	820	17,345	2,060	1,395	105
Low German, n.o.s.	0	235	2,845	60	0
Low Saxon	0	110	350	40	0
Plautdietsch	15	1,580	12,245	135	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	320	215	25	0
Scandinavian languages	175	7,530	700	400	35
Danish	90	3,625	200	150	10
Icelandic	0	215	265	45	5
Norwegian	35	1,520	105	90	10
Swedish	50	2,175	125	110	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	95	775	15	5
Greek	140	5,545	1,185	710	5
Indo-Iranian languages	4,855	368,635	53,135	12,325	645
Indo-Aryan languages	4,030	306,465	49,815	10,555	620
Assamese	0	75	5	15	0
Bengali	410	4,765	2,130	890	35
Gujarati	455	8,250	5,245	1,160	45
Hindi	695	32,390	3,390	2,035	65
Kacchi	10	1,195	20	10	0
Kashmiri	0	80	10	5	0
Konkani	15	280	35	25	0
Marathi	95	1,605	170	170	5
Nepali	120	1,725	730	410	0
Oriya languages	10	110	15	10	0
Odia	5	65	10	10	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5	45	5	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,765	240,865	33,315	4,550	410
Rohingya	0	65	35	5	0
Sindhi	10	285	55	30	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	55	1,935	815	250	0
Urdu	385	12,210	3,805	965	60
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	625	45	35	0
Iranian languages	820	62,135	3,310	1,760	25
Baluchi	0	65	10	5	0
Kurdish	130	2,775	880	220	0
Parsi	0	155	0	0	0
Pashto	30	1,365	270	105	5
Persian languages	655	57,700	2,135	1,435	20
Dari	35	6,005	585	180	0
Iranian Persian	575	46,395	1,360	1,135	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	45	5,295	195	115	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	75	10	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	40	10	5	0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,240	113,685	22,675	5,025	300
Catalan	0	200	10	5	0
Italian	400	19,805	3,185	730	30
Portuguese	1,125	24,320	7,390	1,305	25
Romanian	495	8,775	545	300	10
Spanish	2,210	60,465	11,520	2,680	235
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	120	30	10	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5	35	0	5	0
Japanese	120	22,030	510	395	135
Korean	1,460	59,935	3,475	2,340	65
Mongolian	5	435	20	10	0
Niger-Congo languages	1,145	4,910	5,020	1,025	45
Akan (Twi)	25	545	205	80	5
Bamanankan	65	15	50	5	0
Edo	5	75	60	20	0
Éwé	20	110	35	35	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	55	40	70	5	0
Ga	0	50	20	15	0
Ganda	5	160	60	35	0
Gikuyu	0	70	30	15	0
Igbo	50	290	455	90	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	105	295	270	55	0
Lingala	40	90	70	5	0
Luba-Kasai	0	10	20	0	0
Mòoré	10	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	30	35	5	0
Ndebele	5	50	20	5	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	90	225	185	10	0
Shona	30	355	140	50	5
Soninke	5	5	5	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	65	10	5	5
Swahili	270	1,090	1,010	215	5
Wojenaka	15	10	0	0	0
Wolof	45	50	90	10	0
Yoruba	145	555	1,675	215	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	150	735	500	130	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	35	420	405	125	10
Dinka	0	105	175	30	5
Nuer	0	50	25	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	35	220	180	90	0
African, n.o.s.	0	45	30	5	0
Sign languages	145	1,000	380	215	10
American Sign Language	120	895	350	170	10
Quebec Sign Language	15	5	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	105	25	35	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,005	419,855	20,525	8,380	345
Chinese languages	2,950	417,290	19,940	8,350	345
Hakka	10	2,080	55	15	0
Mandarin	2,340	205,205	12,455	6,730	130
Min Dong	5	185	5	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	45	11,780	280	90	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	35	3,200	85	35	0
Yue (Cantonese)	470	192,140	6,795	1,250	200
Chinese, n.o.s.	50	2,560	260	220	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	135	10	15	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	50	2,485	565	25	0
Burmese	15	1,015	70	10	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	210	45	0	0
Karenic languages	15	725	430	0	0
S'gaw Karen	15	645	390	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	85	45	0	0
Tibetan	0	395	10	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	20	140	15	10	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	75	20	5	0
Tai-Kadai languages	80	4,395	1,020	155	30
Lao	5	1,100	755	10	0
Thai	80	3,170	260	145	30
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	120	5	0	0
Turkic languages	145	6,055	435	465	5
Azerbaijani	10	625	45	25	0
Kazakh	5	115	15	0	0
Turkish	95	4,765	295	345	5
Uyghur	0	240	10	5	0
Uzbek	10	150	35	75	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	20	165	40	10	0
Uralic languages	255	11,275	1,175	425	60
Estonian	15	575	25	50	0
Finnish	40	3,005	195	85	15
Hungarian	195	7,700	960	290	45
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	130	75	10	0
Multiple responses	18,945	190,055	58,220	17,880	1,355
English and French	12,815	17,320	7,915	6,640	440
English and non-official language(s)	4,695	150,730	44,745	9,805	785
French and non-official language(s)	655	2,395	970	315	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	345	2,960	730	375	35
Multiple non-official languages	440	16,645	3,855	745	80
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	764,630	4,951,660	1,326,815	958,990	39,840
English	500,190	3,491,395	989,765	863,700	33,040
French	183,630	11,050	9,840	9,795	740
Non-official language	9,490	464,235	82,575	17,340	955
Indigenous³⁹	285	645	2,910	1,125	15
Non-Indigenous	9,210	463,590	79,660	16,220	940
English and French	44,360	42,645	21,790	16,185	1,275
English and non-official language(s)	21,925	880,090	208,480	48,020	3,555
French and non-official language(s)	1,350	1,065	860	180	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	2,940	21,610	5,270	2,475	175
Multiple non-official languages	750	39,565	8,240	1,290	80
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	764,630	4,951,660	1,326,815	958,990	39,840
Single responses	748,940	4,753,615	1,272,180	945,155	38,955
Official languages	729,675	3,906,070	1,099,615	908,700	36,715
English	528,115	3,888,825	1,084,900	896,020	35,685
French	201,560	17,245	14,715	12,680	1,035
Non-official languages	19,265	847,550	172,570	36,450	2,235
Indigenous languages³⁹	500	1,215	7,625	2,065	25
Algonquian languages	495	130	7,015	2,050	0
Blackfoot	0	10	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	10	110	3,385	5	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	5	100	3,385	5	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	5	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	10	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	10	280	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	20	20	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	5	20	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	70	3,050	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	5	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	490	0	0	2,045	0
Mi'kmaq	440	0	0	2,045	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	45	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	10	3,625	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	2,550	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	5	1,075	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	5	25	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	240	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	815	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	465	465	0	20
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	460	465	0	15
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	215	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	20	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	20	460	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	5
Slavey-Hare languages	0	15	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	5	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	5	0	0	5
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	5
Tahltan	0	5	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	165	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	5
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	30	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	5	0	0	5
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0
Haida	0	10	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	10	30	5	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	10	30	5	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	15	5	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	10	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	5	0	0	0
Michif	0	10	20	0	0
Salish languages	0	250	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	45	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	40	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	30	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	80	0	0	0
Squamish	0	5	0	0	0
Straits	0	30	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	15	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	15	90	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	90	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	210	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	120	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	80	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	65	0	0	0
Haisla	0	10	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	5	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	20	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	30	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	30	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	18,765	846,335	164,945	34,385	2,210
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,320	19,805	9,250	5,575	40
Berber languages	25	40	60	5	0
Kabyle	15	30	45	5	0
Tamazight	0	5	10	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0	0
Chadic languages	10	10	10	0	0
Hausa	0	5	10	0	0
Mina	5	5	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	45	0	0
Cushitic languages	75	1,150	1,260	200	15
Bilen	0	25	225	0	0
Oromo	0	155	155	45	0
Somali	60	930	875	155	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	45	0	0	0
Semitic languages	3,215	18,605	7,875	5,365	25
Amharic	30	765	1,135	100	5
Arabic	3,060	13,845	4,335	4,940	15
Aramaic languages	5	1,110	5	10	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	390	5	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	600	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	120	5	15	0
Harari	0	20	5	0	0
Hebrew	85	1,030	375	140	0
Maltese	0	5	5	0	0
Tigrigna	30	1,810	2,005	170	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	10	10	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	685	21,705	3,565	665	30
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	780	115	5	0
Vietnamese	685	20,890	3,435	660	30
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	40	20	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,725	54,720	36,445	2,125	800
Bikol	0	130	65	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30	585	300	40	10
Cebuano	125	1,735	655	120	50
Fijian	0	110	20	0	5
Hiligaynon	10	865	240	40	55
Ilocano	20	3,280	720	20	20
Indonesian	5	1,375	60	10	5
Kankanaey	0	105	5	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	55	15	0	0
Malagasy languages	15	15	0	0	0
Merina	10	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	15	0	0	0
Malay	0	55	0	10	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	425	625	5	0
Pangasinan	0	130	75	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,510	45,380	33,565	1,845	645
Waray-Waray	0	115	30	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	355	80	30	0
Creole languages	95	430	270	50	0
Haitian Creole	60	25	50	5	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	25	10	10	0
Krio	0	20	70	5	0
Morisyen	10	230	65	15	0
Sango	0	0	20	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	75	40	15	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	60	20	5	0
Dravidian languages	560	8,005	1,480	2,315	85
Kannada	20	240	45	40	5
Malayalam	180	2,890	900	1,435	65
Tamil	180	3,185	330	390	15
Telugu	185	1,645	190	440	5
Tulu	0	25	0	5	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	25	10	5	0
Georgian	0	100	5	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	35	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	8,125	364,340	91,465	14,470	880
Albanian	30	690	175	145	0
Armenian	15	675	30	10	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,780	33,875	11,345	1,745	80
Baltic languages	25	225	15	10	0
Latvian	0	90	5	5	0
Lithuanian	20	135	10	5	0
Slavic languages	1,760	33,650	11,325	1,735	75
Belarusian	0	15	5	5	0
Bulgarian	5	900	70	25	0
Czech	30	1,760	110	50	20
Macedonian	10	125	85	10	0
Polish	90	5,250	1,775	235	5
Russian	1,135	16,090	5,895	1,060	45
Rusyn	0	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	150	6,745	955	240	5
Bosnian	30	720	295	55	0
Croatian	20	1,940	295	80	0
Serbian	100	4,010	355	100	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	75	10	15	0
Slovak	25	1,040	50	15	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	85	25	0	0
Ukrainian	315	1,630	2,350	95	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	45	215	40	0
Irish	0	20	195	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	5	5	35	0
Welsh	0	20	15	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	690	12,280	24,050	1,540	195
Frisian	0	10	5	5	0
High German languages	420	7,805	18,665	1,020	185
German	355	7,320	18,585	970	125
Pennsylvania German	55	5	15	0	0
Swiss German	15	480	60	50	55
Yiddish	0	5	5	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	240	3,785	4,670	450	10
Afrikaans	75	1,725	260	120	5
Dutch	160	1,485	210	145	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	60	1,115	55	0
Low Saxon	0	45	75	30	0
Plautdietsch	0	440	3,005	90	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	30	5	0	0
Scandinavian languages	20	670	60	60	0
Danish	10	220	15	15	0
Icelandic	0	50	25	20	0
Norwegian	5	95	15	5	0
Swedish	5	305	10	20	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	640	5	0
Greek	25	1,915	475	260	0
Indo-Iranian languages	3,170	263,030	43,605	8,375	495
Indo-Aryan languages	2,625	220,735	41,260	7,160	485
Assamese	0	20	0	0	0
Bengali	225	2,720	1,340	580	35
Gujarati	250	4,160	4,205	695	35
Hindi	430	17,670	2,375	1,210	35
Kacchi	0	455	5	5	0
Kashmiri	5	30	0	0	0
Konkani	15	45	10	5	0
Marathi	25	780	85	85	0
Nepali	75	1,120	530	315	0
Oriya languages	0	40	0	0	0
Odia	0	25	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	10	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,335	184,065	29,395	3,510	335
Rohingya	0	60	25	5	0
Sindhi	0	130	35	10	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	940	510	130	0
Urdu	235	8,235	2,705	595	40
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	265	35	5	0
Iranian languages	545	42,285	2,335	1,210	10
Baluchi	0	40	5	0	0
Kurdish	110	1,765	700	165	0
Parsi	0	75	0	0	0
Pashto	25	900	185	60	0
Persian languages	410	39,475	1,445	990	10
Dari	15	3,690	380	130	0
Iranian Persian	360	32,375	935	790	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	3,405	125	65	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	5	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,405	51,830	11,555	2,360	105
Catalan	0	80	0	0	0
Italian	85	4,475	780	165	5
Portuguese	800	12,670	3,695	770	0
Romanian	285	3,620	180	115	0
Spanish	1,230	30,960	6,885	1,305	100
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	35	10	5	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	5	10	0	0
Japanese	30	10,220	195	120	75
Korean	1,195	45,525	2,685	1,810	25
Mongolian	0	220	5	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	515	1,485	2,160	370	5
Akan (Twi)	5	165	105	15	0
Bamanankan	35	5	15	5	0
Edo	0	10	10	5	0
Éwé	5	45	10	10	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	15	55	0	0
Ga	0	15	0	0	0
Ganda	0	30	5	15	0
Gikuyu	0	10	5	0	0
Igbo	25	85	160	40	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	65	105	135	35	0
Lingala	10	25	50	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	10	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	5	0	0
Ndebele	0	10	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	50	130	105	0	0
Shona	15	65	25	5	0
Soninke	5	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	5	0	0	0
Swahili	165	375	580	110	0
Wojenaka	5	0	0	0	0
Wolof	30	15	70	0	0
Yoruba	30	160	700	95	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	210	120	25	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	155	175	75	10
Dinka	5	30	75	20	5
Nuer	0	20	20	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	90	75	55	0
African, n.o.s.	0	20	5	0	0
Sign languages	275	1,720	605	350	20
American Sign Language	205	1,390	520	280	10
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	5	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	60	325	75	65	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,100	310,860	15,585	6,085	225
Chinese languages	2,070	309,165	15,135	6,085	225
Hakka	0	605	10	0	0
Mandarin	1,755	162,130	9,985	5,185	75
Min Dong	0	95	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	6,285	130	30	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	2,010	55	30	0
Yue (Cantonese)	250	136,525	4,795	695	140
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	1,455	155	145	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	60	0	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	1,665	450	0	0
Burmese	10	670	45	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	170	30	0	0
Karenic languages	10	530	365	0	0
S'gaw Karen	10	475	330	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	50	35	0	0
Tibetan	0	240	5	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	60	10	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	35	10	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	1,570	555	60	5
Lao	5	500	440	0	0
Thai	10	1,010	115	60	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	60	0	0	0
Turkic languages	50	3,030	200	230	5
Azerbaijani	0	295	10	5	0
Kazakh	0	15	5	0	0
Turkish	30	2,500	135	160	5
Uyghur	0	125	5	0	0
Uzbek	10	65	20	45	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	40	20	0	0
Uralic languages	55	2,375	270	85	5
Estonian	0	65	0	10	0
Finnish	10	500	50	10	0
Hungarian	50	1,815	220	65	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	20	20	0	0
Multiple responses	15,690	198,040	54,635	13,840	885
English and French	9,245	7,210	4,330	2,645	245
English and non-official language(s)	5,485	183,010	48,350	10,725	600
French and non-official language(s)	480	535	400	90	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	365	1,525	550	210	10
Multiple non-official languages	120	5,760	1,000	170	25
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	764,630	4,951,660	1,326,815	958,990	39,840
None	707,420	4,130,200	1,128,495	902,315	35,465
English	24,035	304,845	73,880	17,980	1,260
French	19,060	34,575	14,475	11,345	800
Non-official language	9,810	379,250	86,505	20,845	1,810
Indigenous³⁹	1,065	5,140	12,015	1,960	365
Non-Indigenous	8,745	374,105	74,485	18,890	1,450
English and French	535	2,740	750	315	15
English and non-official language(s)	1,560	46,940	12,370	2,420	220
French and non-official language(s)	965	11,880	2,360	1,285	85
English, French and non-official language(s)	85	655	170	75	5
Multiple non-official languages	1,175	40,580	7,810	2,415	175
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	759,195	4,915,940	1,307,185	955,855	39,585
Official languages	757,425	4,754,865	1,290,665	952,595	39,430
English	698,025	4,753,275	1,288,945	951,945	39,345
French	317,825	327,350	111,785	99,300	5,740
Non-official languages	52,190	1,780,325	380,140	93,440	7,425
Indigenous languages³⁹	3,575	16,560	34,405	5,930	815
Algonquian languages	3,410	1,985	32,200	5,780	40
Blackfoot	0	60	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	50	1,450	16,120	80	40
Atikamekw	0	15	0	0	0
Cree languages	35	1,425	16,115	75	35
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	10	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	10	90	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	95	2,330	0	10
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	435	295	35	10
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	160	195	10	0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	745	13,310	20	25
Innu (Montagnais)	0	10	35	10	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	3,345	65	30	5,660	0
Mi'kmaq	2,605	60	30	5,650	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	765	10	0	10	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	440	16,400	60	10
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	20	20	10	0
Oji-Cree	0	25	8,910	0	0
Ojibway languages	15	400	7,595	50	10
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	80	355	20	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	50	1,690	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	15	275	5,695	25	10
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	3,540	850	20	705
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	3,490	835	25	570
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	1,530	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	205	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	205	835	10	0
Gwich'in	0	15	0	0	70
Slavey-Hare languages	0	85	0	0	20
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	25	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	10	0	0	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	55	0	0	10
Tahltan languages	0	235	0	0	200
Kaska (Nahani)	0	20	0	0	200
Tahltan	0	220	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	15	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	135	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	855	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	25	0	0	280
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	130
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	130
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	15	0	0	30
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	245	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	35	0	0	95
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	20	15	0	50
Haida	0	225	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	115	205	230	75	55
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	35	0	0	15
Inuinnaqtun	0	30	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	10
Inuktitut	115	175	230	75	40
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	15	100	10	15	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	15	90	10	15	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	190	0	0	0
Michif	65	240	305	15	0
Salish languages	0	5,145	10	0	0
Halkomelem	0	1,400	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	590	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	465	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	1,060	0	0	0
Squamish	0	345	0	0	0
Straits	0	315	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	690	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	325	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	100	900	0	0
Assiniboine	0	15	10	0	0
Dakota	0	30	885	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	50	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	2,610	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	1,120	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	1,080	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	455	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	2,145	10	0	0
Haisla	0	285	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	330	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	790	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	685	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	45	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	10	355	35	0	20
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	25	285	25	25	10
Non-Indigenous languages	48,670	1,764,475	346,060	87,610	6,625
Afro-Asiatic languages	7,130	50,895	22,735	13,180	95
Berber languages	115	235	180	40	0
Kabyle	80	140	120	20	0
Tamazight	30	65	45	0	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	35	10	0	0
Chadic languages	105	315	350	35	0
Hausa	65	285	335	30	0
Mina	40	25	20	0	0
Coptic	0	60	185	0	0
Cushitic languages	195	2,745	2,495	310	20
Bilen	0	30	380	0	0
Oromo	35	500	405	120	0
Somali	125	2,215	1,690	195	20
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	50	50	0	0
Semitic languages	6,825	48,405	20,430	12,880	70
Amharic	95	3,100	4,055	245	10
Arabic	6,090	35,595	10,275	11,745	35
Aramaic languages	20	2,270	25	80	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	895	0	45	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	1,050	10	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	20	380	10	35	0
Harari	0	20	0	0	0
Hebrew	620	6,995	3,800	805	10
Maltese	10	270	20	15	0
Tigrigna	50	3,435	4,475	160	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	60	260	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,160	44,030	6,645	1,250	70
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	2,210	380	20	0
Vietnamese	1,125	41,975	6,260	1,230	65
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	65	45	0	0
Austronesian languages	4,740	148,455	74,995	6,005	1,680
Bikol	30	810	250	20	20
Bisaya, n.o.s.	75	1,655	960	205	35
Cebuano	440	5,995	2,045	390	195
Fijian	0	1,020	65	0	30
Hiligaynon	95	3,135	820	65	115
Ilocano	160	11,285	3,395	225	105
Indonesian	155	6,810	265	145	25
Kankanaey	20	330	35	30	0
Kinaray-a	0	200	30	0	0
Malagasy languages	110	100	15	10	0
Merina	70	20	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	35	85	10	10	0
Malay	75	3,485	235	85	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	55	1,550	1,830	60	15
Pangasinan	10	925	335	35	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	4,225	133,780	73,440	5,595	1,540
Waray-Waray	20	865	265	30	25
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	145	3,590	1,240	260	30
Creole languages	785	3,230	1,580	570	25
Haitian Creole	365	470	220	75	0
Jamaican English Creole	70	265	115	70	0
Krio	55	160	395	35	0
Morisyen	105	1,070	235	100	0
Sango	15	15	50	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	95	835	335	135	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	105	555	270	165	15
Dravidian languages	1,460	20,585	3,300	5,060	195
Kannada	180	1,615	335	380	0
Malayalam	460	6,765	1,740	2,705	140
Tamil	725	9,740	1,100	1,570	45
Telugu	415	4,860	595	1,265	35
Tulu	10	205	40	10	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	45	10	0	0
Georgian	0	240	20	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	160	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	25,220	906,560	196,040	45,840	3,735
Albanian	75	2,195	495	495	0
Armenian	100	1,600	95	65	0
Balto-Slavic languages	3,625	101,395	36,420	5,595	325
Baltic languages	85	1,480	150	160	0
Latvian	0	730	90	95	0
Lithuanian	80	750	60	65	0
Slavic languages	3,590	100,340	36,340	5,465	325
Belarusian	20	330	95	35	0
Bulgarian	45	2,475	240	115	0
Czech	210	7,935	550	310	90
Macedonian	15	505	165	65	0
Polish	435	19,640	7,045	1,105	55
Russian	2,225	42,390	14,835	2,790	90
Rusyn	0	45	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	410	21,625	2,915	920	20
Bosnian	100	3,150	950	255	0
Croatian	180	11,060	1,500	460	20
Serbian	220	11,070	1,235	385	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	20	480	50	35	0
Slovak	115	4,315	425	165	45
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	1,280	315	45	20
Ukrainian	1,015	12,205	14,845	600	65
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	70	25	0	0
Celtic languages	120	2,675	310	1,035	30
Irish	35	1,665	135	190	15
Scottish Gaelic	65	260	45	635	10
Welsh	20	610	125	100	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	160	10	145	0
Germanic languages	4,825	128,605	61,790	9,805	1,340
Frisian	45	375	100	55	0
High German languages	3,340	86,275	42,555	6,770	1,105
German	3,250	84,325	41,980	6,665	1,060
Pennsylvania German	65	25	65	0	0
Swiss German	25	3,030	220	200	95
Yiddish	15	480	425	30	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,330	34,480	22,220	2,765	175
Afrikaans	195	9,755	1,000	455	0
Dutch	1,070	22,380	2,840	2,015	165
Low German, n.o.s.	0	345	3,275	90	0
Low Saxon	0	55	255	50	0
Plautdietsch	35	2,180	15,055	200	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	40	405	205	50	0
Scandinavian languages	390	12,425	1,220	730	115
Danish	175	4,950	300	260	30
Icelandic	0	330	390	65	10
Norwegian	110	3,125	335	245	40
Swedish	155	4,730	255	200	55
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	25	210	130	50	10
Greek	330	9,005	1,620	1,125	45
Indo-Iranian languages	7,050	477,485	66,340	17,345	820
Indo-Aryan languages	6,275	406,375	62,505	15,420	795
Assamese	0	100	25	30	0
Bengali	505	6,565	2,740	1,225	0
Gujarati	765	14,340	6,535	1,475	65
Hindi	3,745	134,950	26,980	10,115	465
Kacchi	30	2,925	30	20	0
Kashmiri	0	185	10	15	0
Konkani	60	775	130	75	0
Marathi	185	3,555	445	450	0
Nepali	230	2,445	805	430	15
Oriya languages	15	180	30	45	0
Odia	0	95	10	20	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	85	20	25	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,475	315,000	42,820	6,730	490
Rohingya	0	55	0	0	0
Sindhi	50	645	130	75	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	150	3,440	1,205	380	10
Urdu	985	25,780	6,800	1,810	135
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	70	1,645	200	90	0
Iranian languages	820	73,745	4,175	2,125	30
Baluchi	0	155	30	0	0
Kurdish	55	3,875	1,210	360	10
Parsi	0	290	0	0	0
Pashto	35	2,645	495	215	0
Persian languages	730	68,960	2,615	1,570	15
Dari	40	8,235	860	155	0
Iranian Persian	620	55,745	1,590	1,280	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	70	5,780	235	150	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	200	25	35	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	210	35	35	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10,140	211,725	37,540	12,180	1,320
Catalan	15	565	35	30	0
Italian	1,305	36,370	5,230	2,120	60
Portuguese	1,450	33,005	9,590	1,770	25
Romanian	555	11,210	665	360	30
Spanish	7,580	143,900	23,435	8,675	1,235
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	655	80	65	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	320	35	35	10
Japanese	485	41,835	1,505	1,305	185
Korean	1,665	69,935	4,330	2,825	80
Mongolian	15	565	45	10	0
Niger-Congo languages	3,325	13,290	14,260	3,110	125
Akan (Twi)	50	1,365	435	185	0
Bamanankan	225	65	180	30	0
Edo	20	175	255	35	15
Éwé	65	290	70	65	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	200	85	160	30	0
Ga	15	215	60	45	0
Ganda	35	415	190	105	10
Gikuyu	0	130	90	15	0
Igbo	240	980	1,680	430	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	220	605	475	115	0
Lingala	480	475	550	100	0
Luba-Kasai	45	60	70	25	0
Mòoré	50	15	25	0	0
Mwani	0	10	50	0	0
Ndebele	20	190	60	15	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	190	335	430	45	0
Shona	80	725	305	135	20
Soninke	25	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	105	45	20	0
Swahili	855	5,205	3,005	715	15
Wojenaka	95	25	70	0	0
Wolof	145	165	335	80	0
Yoruba	705	1,815	6,075	1,045	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	545	2,275	1,790	495	55
Nilo-Saharan languages	85	670	550	370	0
Dinka	0	115	260	110	0
Nuer	0	60	30	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	85	490	265	255	0
African, n.o.s.	55	130	95	40	10
Sign languages	990	7,965	2,570	1,765	75
American Sign Language	855	7,020	2,370	1,505	70
Quebec Sign Language	10	15	0	10	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	145	1,105	260	290	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,695	491,660	23,835	9,850	485
Chinese languages	3,625	488,465	23,215	9,775	485
Hakka	10	3,615	70	40	0
Mandarin	3,180	312,625	16,765	8,525	260
Min Dong	0	215	15	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	45	24,065	490	145	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	90	4,760	85	60	0
Yue (Cantonese)	585	246,045	8,920	1,805	285
Chinese, n.o.s.	65	2,215	215	225	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	255	25	25	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	65	3,375	635	70	0
Burmese	0	1,730	165	10	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	295	45	0	0
Karenic languages	50	770	415	0	0
S'gaw Karen	30	705	385	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	25	85	35	0	0
Tibetan	0	590	0	10	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	275	50	50	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	215	10	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	100	6,725	1,645	200	25
Lao	15	1,635	1,210	20	10
Thai	95	5,310	620	185	25
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	170	15	0	0
Turkic languages	310	10,910	735	925	25
Azerbaijani	25	1,665	125	45	0
Kazakh	0	230	0	0	0
Turkish	275	9,230	635	680	25
Uyghur	0	235	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	275	10	140	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	30	295	40	70	0
Uralic languages	380	13,510	1,510	520	80
Estonian	25	695	40	40	0
Finnish	115	3,635	210	105	15
Hungarian	240	9,230	1,255	375	60
Other languages, n.i.e.	35	585	320	250	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	759,195	4,915,945	1,307,190	955,855	39,590
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	33,295	290,210	237,185	52,430	8,810
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	31,810	279,670	232,345	50,245	8,485
First Nations (North American Indian)	20,960	180,085	134,890	28,050	6,935
Métis	10,170	97,860	96,725	21,090	1,285
Inuk (Inuit)	685	1,720	725	1,100	260
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	485	5,980	2,935	885	190
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	995	4,560	1,905	1,300	135
Non-Indigenous identity	725,900	4,625,735	1,069,995	903,430	30,780
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	759,195	4,915,945	1,307,190	955,855	39,590
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	15,285	136,875	127,205	18,450	6,145
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	743,910	4,779,065	1,179,985	937,405	33,445
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	337,650	2,041,835	518,055	428,230	17,180
Owner	246,455	1,363,190	349,325	285,995	11,065
Renter	88,455	669,450	156,490	139,415	5,530
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	2,745	9,190	12,240	2,820	585
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	337,650	2,041,835	518,055	428,230	17,180
Condominium	13,175	482,755	41,700	16,130	2,055
Not condominium	324,480	1,559,075	476,355	412,095	15,125
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	337,650	2,041,835	518,055	428,230	17,180
No bedrooms	1,155	30,855	5,050	2,070	245
1 bedroom	32,570	354,020	67,100	52,160	2,885
2 bedrooms	97,215	569,180	129,795	117,275	4,705
3 bedrooms	128,185	539,910	184,620	162,095	5,995
4 or more bedrooms	78,525	547,870	131,485	94,630	3,355
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	337,650	2,041,835	518,055	428,230	17,180
1 to 4 rooms	77,525	766,380	151,270	106,425	6,360
5 rooms	60,295	300,895	88,535	68,795	3,025
6 rooms	56,105	248,045	81,220	68,430	2,615
7 rooms	45,110	205,105	64,300	58,805	1,945
8 or more rooms	98,615	521,410	132,725	125,765	3,230
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	5.8	6.0	6.3	5.5
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	337,650	2,041,835	518,055	428,230	17,180
One person or fewer per room	335,255	1,984,655	499,415	423,980	16,775
More than one person per room	2,400	57,180	18,640	4,250	400
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	337,650	2,041,835	518,055	428,230	17,180
Suitable	328,595	1,919,140	481,860	413,020	16,260
Not suitable	9,060	122,700	36,195	15,210	920
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	337,650	2,041,835	518,055	428,230	17,180
1960 or before	74,095	256,175	137,225	110,850	1,275
1961 to 1980	101,070	550,690	157,190	116,750	4,705
1981 to 1990	47,310	289,940	65,060	59,840	2,365
1991 to 2000	42,140	336,315	43,790	52,820	2,820
2001 to 2005	18,995	122,855	21,035	23,290	990
2006 to 2010	21,755	164,165	26,890	22,740	1,420
2011 to 2015	17,470	135,725	30,920	19,850	1,625
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	14,820	185,965	35,935	22,085	1,975
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	337,650	2,041,835	518,055	428,230	17,180
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	311,405	1,922,640	478,435	393,015	15,075
Major repairs needed	26,245	119,195	39,615	35,215	2,105
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	337,650	2,041,835	518,055	428,230	17,180
One-maintainer household	179,355	1,003,245	266,615	226,285	9,080
Two-maintainer household	149,280	904,960	229,405	187,565	7,200
Three-or-more-maintainer household	9,020	133,630	22,035	14,380	900
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	337,650	2,041,835	518,055	428,230	17,180
15 to 24 years	10,740	57,980	19,175	14,490	425
25 to 34 years	40,195	282,195	77,045	56,105	2,795
35 to 44 years	50,205	343,380	92,145	62,340	3,345
45 to 54 years	56,585	354,340	88,630	70,065	3,050
55 to 64 years	71,225	407,735	100,500	89,710	3,645
65 to 74 years	64,275	347,335	80,845	78,645	2,725
75 to 84 years	33,670	182,155	43,190	42,555	935
85 years and over	10,755	66,710	16,520	14,330	260
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	332,185	1,988,210	492,925	421,920	16,490
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	289,265	1,481,365	407,560	346,445	13,825
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	42,920	506,850	85,365	75,475	2,665
30% to less than 100%	39,425	434,390	75,790	66,865	2,470
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	337,650	2,041,830	518,055	428,230	17,180
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	72,620	683,985	145,805	114,325	5,190
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	38,410	451,550	74,850	65,710	2,280
Not suitable only	7,360	89,300	26,905	11,185	725
Major repairs needed only	21,335	80,200	28,995	26,055	1,655
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	605	23,945	4,435	2,210	80
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	3,815	29,585	5,770	7,345	330
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	1,000	7,640	4,540	1,610	105
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	85	1,770	310	200	10
Acceptable housing	265,035	1,357,845	372,245	313,900	11,995
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	328,690	1,915,755	483,350	413,315	16,295
In core need	20,245	257,090	48,810	41,465	2,135
Not in core need	308,450	1,658,665	434,535	371,845	14,160
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	245,105	1,330,795	338,920	283,280	11,000
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	54.6	57.5	61.1	54.3	59.4
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	7.5	19.3	9.9	9.7	11.8
% in core housing need⁶³	3.4	8.0	4.8	5.0	8.0
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	770	1,320	1,100	870	1,460
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	935	1,668	1,225	1,070	1,560
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	180,000	785,000	304,000	250,000	500,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	207,800	983,000	338,800	295,600	488,800
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	88,190	663,870	155,090	138,920	5,530
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	13.2	11.0	17.0	11.3	24.0
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	28.0	37.8	33.5	34.7	24.9
% in core housing need⁶³	13.9	24.7	22.0	20.7	23.4
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	830	1,370	1,040	1,000	1,180
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	870	1,494	1,074	1,083	1,290
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,745	9,190	12,240	2,820	585
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	1.1	11.4	3.7	4.4	6.0
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	0	368	200	184	324
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	112	446	228	245	420
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	759,195	4,915,940	1,307,185	955,860	39,585
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	19,065	120,245	138,505	21,315	4,750
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	18,870	118,210	135,665	20,960	4,565
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	15,490	100,805	111,560	16,710	4,275
Métis single ancestry	3,040	16,830	23,765	3,730	155
Inuit single ancestry	340	570	335	520	135
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	200	2,040	2,840	355	190
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	150	1,870	2,740	290	120
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	35	70	55	40	60
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	15	60	50	25	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	35	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	28,105	191,640	100,900	44,500	4,395
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	27,515	184,975	96,245	43,525	4,300
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	21,290	123,735	38,520	29,010	3,305
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	5,790	59,905	57,175	13,390	885
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	440	1,330	545	1,125	105
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	595	6,665	4,660	975	95
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	395	6,390	4,495	820	65
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	140	170	90	105	25
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	80	70	45	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	20	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	712,025	4,604,055	1,067,785	890,045	30,440
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	759,195	4,915,940	1,307,185	955,860	39,585
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	726,255	4,359,045	1,175,775	903,570	36,545
Canadian citizens aged under 18	127,475	812,305	275,095	157,470	7,910
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	598,780	3,546,745	900,680	746,105	28,640
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	32,945	556,895	131,410	52,285	3,045
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	759,195	4,915,940	1,307,185	955,860	39,585
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	704,215	3,319,230	1,015,280	861,945	33,280
Immigrants⁸¹	44,120	1,425,710	257,620	71,565	5,385
Before 1980	10,030	280,160	38,780	16,790	1,100
1980 to 1990	2,750	164,445	21,210	5,465	390
1991 to 2000	2,955	299,115	21,305	6,685	680
2001 to 2010	6,605	316,915	65,555	12,375	1,055
2011 to 2021⁸²	21,785	365,075	110,770	30,255	2,160
2011 to 2015	5,745	167,650	52,400	8,875	1,030
2016 to 2021	16,040	197,425	58,370	21,385	1,125
Non-permanent residents⁸³	10,860	171,000	34,290	22,345	925
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	44,125	1,425,715	257,620	71,565	5,385
Under 5 years	5,660	117,555	26,725	8,390	455
5 to 14 years	9,190	226,910	50,695	13,180	840
15 to 24 years	6,485	275,435	45,575	10,940	1,030
25 to 44 years	19,090	639,200	113,910	32,955	2,610
45 years and over	3,705	166,605	20,710	6,095	445
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	44,125	1,425,715	257,620	71,565	5,385
Americas	9,535	126,075	32,020	12,150	775
Brazil	240	8,765	1,810	440	10
Colombia	250	5,450	1,140	270	15
El Salvador	70	5,770	2,575	85	0
Guyana	110	1,400	1,190	255	0
Haiti	260	490	190	55	0
Jamaica	395	4,295	2,110	760	40
Mexico	345	13,385	5,845	350	65
Peru	85	3,510	250	115	0
Trinidad and Tobago	155	2,725	1,630	290	10
United States of America	6,475	59,920	6,705	7,570	530
Other places of birth in Americas	1,150	20,355	8,570	1,960	100
Europe	12,295	307,495	53,125	23,295	1,890
Bosnia and Herzegovina	95	4,510	940	265	0
Croatia	75	5,390	765	250	20
France	1,070	7,025	975	485	175
Germany	1,400	30,910	9,360	2,370	475
Greece	70	3,350	770	300	10
Hungary	115	5,115	625	215	25
Italy	305	13,410	2,470	490	10
Netherlands	740	16,070	2,055	1,465	100
Poland	215	14,305	4,395	765	35
Portugal	140	7,785	4,040	235	10
Romania	440	9,370	615	315	30
Russian Federation	465	12,170	4,235	710	40
Serbia⁸⁶	120	4,565	405	155	0
Ukraine	710	9,450	5,370	615	20
United Kingdom⁸⁷	4,910	116,525	10,995	11,935	525
Other places of birth in Europe	1,425	47,545	5,105	2,745	430
Africa	5,600	53,330	27,150	6,575	200
Algeria	230	510	345	75	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	615	1,005	1,425	265	0
Egypt	610	3,310	1,315	970	10
Eritrea	65	2,485	2,940	120	10
Ethiopia	75	2,590	2,945	275	15
Morocco	460	1,270	480	150	10
Nigeria	975	3,585	8,550	1,745	30
Somalia	70	1,240	880	130	15
South Africa, Republic of	300	15,380	1,180	705	15
Other places of birth in Africa	2,190	21,955	7,090	2,135	100
Asia	16,375	905,585	144,495	28,940	2,380
Afghanistan	30	6,245	845	125	0
Iran⁸⁸	520	45,970	1,105	1,045	10
Iraq	150	7,000	1,295	435	0
Lebanon	500	2,455	345	1,565	0
Syria⁸⁹	1,890	6,545	1,905	2,415	0
Turkey	135	3,095	255	315	15
China⁹⁰	2,125	217,970	10,250	4,320	230
Hong Kong⁹¹	155	78,855	1,255	355	30
Korea, South⁹²	1,180	47,520	2,955	1,220	65
Taiwan	50	40,445	285	180	15
Philippines	3,780	131,645	70,265	4,760	1,405
Viet Nam	710	32,390	4,575	675	40
Bangladesh	310	3,035	1,295	540	0
India	2,265	197,115	32,155	5,605	360
Pakistan	520	13,345	4,170	900	55
Sri Lanka	145	5,375	1,125	375	15
Other places of birth in Asia	1,900	66,580	10,410	4,100	125
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	325	33,225	830	605	140
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	16,040	197,420	58,370	21,385	1,125
Americas	1,640	22,835	5,285	2,110	140
Brazil	160	5,130	1,435	265	0
Colombia	30	1,075	290	45	0
Haiti	75	35	50	0	0
Jamaica	205	1,005	435	325	15
Mexico	200	3,045	660	85	40
United States of America	610	8,760	1,035	880	40
Venezuela⁹⁵	70	530	45	25	0
Other places of birth in Americas	295	3,265	1,340	490	35
Europe	1,955	25,290	4,380	2,145	260
France	390	1,730	160	80	40
Germany	65	1,380	565	185	75
Ireland⁹⁶	10	2,420	155	115	0
Italy	40	995	130	40	0
Russian Federation	190	2,075	655	205	0
Ukraine	475	1,935	1,305	265	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	255	7,675	405	735	55
Other places of birth in Europe	535	7,090	1,010	530	80
Africa	3,500	10,465	11,065	3,395	60
Algeria	145	65	250	30	0
Burundi	95	110	90	20	0
Cameroon	130	120	100	20	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	365	340	445	160	0
Côte d'Ivoire	85	40	75	40	0
Egypt	440	610	280	375	0
Eritrea	35	1,515	1,445	50	0
Ethiopia	25	620	680	100	0
Morocco	275	275	220	45	0
Nigeria	905	1,770	5,105	1,440	15
Somalia	50	255	385	95	0
South Africa, Republic of	100	1,965	270	220	0
Sudan⁹⁷	155	235	390	155	0
Tunisia	110	115	100	25	0
Other places of birth in Africa	595	2,420	1,235	615	20
Asia	8,880	134,395	37,420	13,620	630
Afghanistan	0	1,325	135	30	0
Bangladesh	195	655	580	350	0
China⁹⁰	970	31,450	3,585	2,045	30
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	2,515	210	45	0
India	1,370	39,390	13,340	3,665	260
Iran⁸⁸	165	5,850	265	220	0
Iraq	55	1,545	655	95	0
Israel	185	605	505	180	0
Japan	20	2,090	80	40	40
Jordan	140	395	145	170	0
Korea, South⁹²	255	7,220	870	580	25
Lebanon	130	395	180	170	0
Nepal	115	405	100	65	0
Pakistan	225	2,390	1,210	370	25
Philippines	2,330	21,220	11,705	2,325	230
Saudi Arabia	110	565	130	225	0
Sri Lanka	60	710	190	60	0
Syria⁸⁹	1,705	4,955	1,575	2,140	0
Turkey	60	1,025	120	110	0
United Arab Emirates	245	620	175	110	0
Viet Nam	315	2,845	580	205	0
Other places of birth in Asia	240	6,215	1,075	410	15
Oceania and other⁹³	65	4,440	215	110	35
Australia	60	3,280	105	75	25
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	1,160	115	40	10
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	759,195	4,915,940	1,307,190	955,855	39,585
First generation¹⁰⁰	61,085	1,657,625	302,745	102,490	6,650
Second generation¹⁰¹	45,550	1,068,600	202,165	75,240	6,335
Third generation or more¹⁰²	652,555	2,189,720	802,280	778,125	26,600
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	34,090	1,145,550	218,840	54,775	4,285
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	22,310	661,395	147,400	34,640	2,955
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	8,870	273,695	57,330	14,670	1,580
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	13,440	387,700	90,070	19,970	1,375
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	6,985	372,185	45,750	12,730	1,155
Refugees¹⁰⁸	4,595	97,720	24,560	7,000	140
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	200	14,250	1,130	410	30
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	34,090	1,145,550	218,840	54,775	4,285
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	430	27,320	2,360	1,025	85
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	5,515	138,760	16,195	8,380	1,230
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,450	40,690	4,360	2,305	85
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	2,390	71,860	11,250	4,995	385
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	315	5,145	1,235	430	15
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	23,995	861,775	183,440	37,650	2,480
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	759,195	4,915,945	1,307,190	955,855	39,590
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	44,205	1,689,490	290,735	93,430	5,065
South Asian	8,630	473,965	71,215	21,655	1,035
Chinese	4,085	550,590	25,390	11,600	640
Black	12,155	61,760	46,485	28,220	560
Filipino	5,190	174,280	94,315	6,615	1,945
Arab	5,060	28,010	7,820	10,610	20
Latin American	2,450	65,970	12,835	2,915	235
Southeast Asian	1,890	71,785	11,370	2,400	170
West Asian	915	69,270	3,450	1,875	25
Korean	1,655	72,815	4,325	2,845	85
Japanese	250	44,120	1,860	985	175
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	550	18,080	3,220	970	25
Multiple visible minorities	1,375	58,840	8,455	2,750	140
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	714,990	3,226,450	1,016,450	862,425	34,520
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	759,195	4,915,940	1,307,185	955,855	39,585
Canadian	174,910	459,320	109,195	151,300	4,680
English	137,145	1,019,250	210,285	217,910	9,105
Irish	155,915	627,920	144,420	195,665	7,440
Scottish	134,350	774,455	189,650	257,205	8,375
French, n.o.s.¹²²	118,205	312,750	121,095	113,635	4,245
German	33,200	539,145	177,355	86,860	5,325
Chinese	4,600	517,805	29,550	11,515	835
Italian	8,255	162,485	22,835	16,575	710
Indian (India)	5,655	275,975	38,825	14,310	710
Ukrainian	4,600	210,100	165,305	9,630	1,975
Dutch	13,310	189,985	43,390	27,375	1,825
Polish	3,815	134,635	78,860	11,295	985
Québécois	5,415	6,240	1,270	1,815	155
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	16,630	191,025	26,990	32,185	1,330
Filipino	4,960	172,915	90,945	5,790	1,780
French Canadian	18,650	39,930	12,435	6,065	600
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	40,845	82,175	17,290	57,655	940
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	13,550	105,005	58,255	13,635	3,545
Métis	9,445	85,205	88,300	18,310	1,235
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	11,565	102,475	14,900	45,180	955
Russian	2,600	121,755	48,570	4,490	660
Norwegian	3,640	137,170	19,115	6,010	1,490
Welsh	11,500	104,225	17,180	18,140	1,150
Portuguese	2,095	39,755	13,395	2,990	95
American	7,185	71,530	8,345	6,880	655
Spanish	3,060	54,365	10,845	4,015	395
Swedish	2,710	103,630	21,165	4,065	865
Hungarian	1,370	51,915	10,175	2,985	400
Acadian	108,375	7,025	1,465	49,205	260
Pakistani	835	19,050	5,030	1,285	85
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	3,255	18,520	8,460	8,335	80
Jewish	1,685	34,395	11,745	3,655	230
Punjabi	575	93,395	13,790	1,715	145
Vietnamese	1,295	51,890	7,290	1,375	90
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	1,955	12,590	3,245	3,445	40
Greek	1,260	23,300	3,795	3,175	65
Jamaican	835	9,865	4,475	1,860	70
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,150	47,650	9,280	3,115	200
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	720	24,875	40,225	1,320	455
Korean	1,480	72,025	4,250	2,545	100
Romanian	1,025	30,195	5,510	1,270	180
Lebanese	3,440	8,440	1,505	7,285	85
Iranian	630	49,390	1,455	1,205	20
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	3,025	13,865	5,240	2,460	65
Danish	4,170	54,865	7,700	3,730	440
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	5,675	24,140	17,400	6,290	500
Sikh	475	69,100	9,095	1,090	115
Austrian	945	45,280	11,440	1,995	310
Belgian	1,500	19,505	20,580	2,975	305
Haitian	465	1,215	390	200	10
Hindu	570	19,405	4,560	1,500	45
Mexican	985	28,445	7,425	935	145
Mennonite	320	20,925	51,200	710	235
Swiss	995	28,520	5,255	2,905	435
Finnish	850	33,680	4,100	1,295	370
Sri Lankan	210	6,440	1,180	530	20
Croatian	365	23,750	3,080	1,000	130
Japanese	440	54,640	2,770	1,125	275
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	205	20,125	1,730	1,045	20
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	12,655	4,840	1,115	21,305	55
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,930	30,950	4,505	3,995	245
Muslim	640	8,220	1,895	780	35
Egyptian	840	5,810	1,635	1,390	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	360	11,730	2,755	860	25
Tamil	260	3,380	350	380	10
Icelandic	400	25,910	31,105	785	245
Colombian	300	7,315	1,380	525	25
Moroccan	575	2,020	540	280	0
Czech	395	22,425	4,330	1,065	220
Syrian	1,835	6,550	1,680	2,650	0
Guyanese	170	2,420	1,375	530	20
Afghan	55	9,605	1,240	240	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	1,120	4,515	2,175	4,420	60
Serbian	280	12,660	1,335	425	25
Ojibway	365	5,145	24,885	735	100
Newfoundlander	2,385	4,530	830	7,540	135
Hong Konger	55	30,020	1,020	230	0
Ontarian	795	3,315	530	1,405	85
Persian	215	19,155	555	440	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	365	4,120	2,460	510	20
Turkish	320	8,070	885	665	15
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	990	2,120	1,140	1,800	190
Bangladeshi	320	3,740	1,850	735	0
Algerian	260	915	290	40	20
Brazilian	705	12,435	2,110	705	10
Nigerian	640	4,110	5,580	1,070	45
Armenian	275	4,040	410	300	15
Slovak	255	11,565	2,135	615	115
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	580	11,810	2,975	1,710	95
Somali	135	2,665	1,490	200	20
Taiwanese	45	37,530	435	300	25
Iraqi	175	4,590	740	305	15
Salvadorean	115	6,580	2,575	120	0
African Caribbean	325	1,640	820	775	10
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	165	10,735	2,060	695	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	330	5,140	715	1,935	20
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	235	2,715	1,240	520	0
Algonquin	270	1,880	525	300	100
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	250	1,855	1,150	600	30
Lithuanian	390	7,330	1,330	825	100
South African	325	13,965	1,195	685	20
Australian	395	18,505	895	545	80
Palestinian	190	2,750	555	760	0
Chilean	230	6,220	1,580	265	75
Congolese	720	1,500	1,410	375	0
Nova Scotian	1,680	2,015	305	25,505	65
Ethiopian	135	2,720	2,975	345	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	170	5,295	1,130	250	25
Peruvian	140	4,260	345	195	0
Yoruba	575	1,350	4,885	985	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	85	3,350	815	60	0
Berber	100	605	235	60	10
Albanian	115	2,455	485	510	0
Maltese	125	2,750	375	510	40
Macedonian	125	1,235	260	140	20
Slovenian	80	5,340	990	225	30
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	840	7,865	825	2,130	45
New Brunswicker	22,365	875	135	1,380	30
Gujarati	50	2,670	1,250	265	25
Eritrean	115	2,245	3,345	135	0
African Canadian	640	1,535	610	5,760	0
Israeli	285	3,645	1,435	475	10
Mohawk	200	2,355	470	515	70
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	125	6,545	1,645	455	30
Bulgarian	275	3,720	350	380	15
Albertan	85	3,430	170	250	30
Ghanaian	135	1,670	565	235	75
Barbadian	165	1,950	515	705	10
African American	735	4,500	860	1,270	25
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	125	5,580	860	310	35
Tunisian	190	550	170	75	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	180	5,285	1,175	380	80
Cuban	215	1,770	260	255	0
Bosnian	85	3,785	1,040	295	0
Venezuelan	115	1,835	190	210	10
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	105	180	75	175	0
Latvian	180	4,860	1,310	495	40
Bengali	90	1,370	495	210	0
Cameroonian	430	335	240	55	35
Guatemalan	120	2,415	505	115	0
Indonesian	225	8,440	605	280	80
Laotian	25	2,485	1,840	30	0
Ilocano	95	4,765	1,365	65	55
Northern Irish	305	4,550	645	465	65
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	900	5,445	635	2,110	90
British Columbian	75	20,450	110	190	40
Ecuadorian	80	1,135	280	130	0
Franco Ontarian	105	360	80	145	0
Argentinian	100	2,625	625	100	10
Estonian	195	4,695	320	325	10
Kurdish	40	3,375	590	295	10
Fijian	30	16,120	120	10	35
Jatt	25	8,370	1,240	85	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	890	2,695	520	890	30
Coptic	65	760	615	50	0
Thai	135	5,745	820	200	45
Dominican	125	860	260	190	0
Nepali	155	2,305	625	230	0
Kabyle	90	75	60	0	0
Assyrian	10	695	15	65	0
Igbo	220	890	1,715	310	0
Byelorussian	140	2,610	775	190	15
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	20	1,025	1,370	115	40
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	180	2,015	455	350	50
Abenaki	135	215	10	165	15
Moldovan	95	1,415	235	60	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	135	1,285	215	230	20
New Zealander	160	7,840	270	260	50
Sudanese	240	945	355	125	0
Breton	180	365	290	40	25
Pennsylvania Dutch	105	1,655	380	165	0
Malaysian	95	5,420	330	140	0
Plains Cree	15	715	295	35	15
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	115	780	190	180	0
Huron (Wendat)	100	390	145	115	10
Saskatchewanian	75	2,890	395	155	25
Buddhist	30	2,950	400	115	0
Gaspesian	250	90	0	40	0
Norman	245	745	115	165	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	30	1,830	410	75	0
Ivorian	155	135	130	20	0
Saulteaux	35	845	3,445	10	20
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	60	935	3,585	100	10
Burundian	150	380	385	30	0
Tigrinya	0	1,145	1,400	45	0
Nicaraguan	25	1,890	405	30	0
Mauritian	95	1,160	230	80	0
Kenyan	50	2,215	485	245	0
Oji-Cree	0	250	5,665	10	0
Vincentian	40	345	130	20	0
Jordanian	75	925	175	215	0
Manitoban	45	1,760	7,155	105	25
Cape Bretoner	530	420	65	7,830	0
Rwandan	185	635	365	90	10
Grenadian	30	350	115	45	0
Malayali	105	980	310	315	0
Chaldean	0	850	0	0	0
Sinhalese	60	1,285	615	85	0
Mayan	70	1,855	605	80	0
Honduran	60	1,500	560	15	0
Cherokee	170	2,920	310	390	40
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	140	150	55	810	0
Indo-Caribbean	75	385	215	120	15
Flemish	185	1,540	1,095	220	0
United Empire Loyalist	670	905	155	515	15
Senegalese	75	105	100	30	0
Azerbaijani	10	1,400	130	75	0
Sicilian	65	935	370	65	0
Pashtun	0	945	135	60	0
Malay	60	2,625	455	90	10
Goan	15	750	80	30	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	165	320	325	110	0
Tibetan	0	715	10	20	0
Zimbabwean	60	1,240	235	125	35
Burmese	30	2,225	260	90	0
Mongolian	80	1,955	195	165	10
Azorean	10	380	205	20	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	215	55	15	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	15	75	130	30	0
Ugandan	40	1,145	225	110	10
Oromo	0	575	485	115	0
Tanzanian	35	945	130	60	0
Yemeni	20	420	150	160	0
Central African	115	35	210	55	0
Libyan	155	650	250	445	0
Basque	190	1,165	75	255	10
Uruguayan	0	515	60	35	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	40	405	115	65	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	35	655	280	250	0
Igorot	20	1,330	195	120	25
Fulani	160	85	205	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	105	250	0	0
Guinean	130	135	60	0	0
St. Lucian	0	180	70	65	0
Prince Edward Islander	405	280	20	695	0
Maliseet	2,985	100	30	255	0
Beninese	110	100	105	40	0
Telugu	65	615	90	110	0
Roma	55	1,205	230	140	25
Costa Rican	35	1,075	140	25	20
African Nova Scotian	150	145	40	3,805	10
Malagasy	125	110	70	15	0
Kashmiri	0	545	65	30	0
Singaporean	10	2,630	40	45	0
Karen	55	980	460	0	0
Edo	0	205	400	35	0
Tajik	0	665	55	15	0
Amhara	0	305	455	45	0
Paraguayan	0	1,095	3,210	15	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	759,195	4,915,945	1,307,190	955,855	39,590
Buddhist	1,120	83,860	7,440	2,955	260
Christian	512,645	1,684,870	708,850	556,115	13,860
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	42,360	434,920	149,880	45,030	2,560
Anabaptist	425	21,275	31,000	815	50
Anglican	35,830	137,485	42,660	73,015	1,995
Baptist	48,540	57,265	14,260	53,800	645
Catholic	305,520	588,140	276,925	245,305	5,690
Christian Orthodox	1,905	45,135	17,445	4,325	130
Jehovah's Witness	2,600	25,715	3,985	3,740	135
Latter Day Saints	800	12,875	1,640	1,685	70
Lutheran	970	46,395	27,775	6,175	395
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	5,675	7,290	1,860	5,460	105
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	14,290	41,140	20,465	7,525	270
Presbyterian	5,460	28,040	5,725	16,935	125
Reformed	110	12,455	2,430	505	35
United Church	35,205	129,000	75,425	71,620	955
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	12,955	97,745	37,380	20,185	700
Hindu	3,340	81,320	18,355	8,460	265
Jewish	1,000	26,850	11,565	2,195	70
Muslim	9,190	125,915	26,430	14,715	185
Sikh	1,780	290,870	35,470	4,735	380
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	1,005	11,570	10,190	1,090	325
Other religions and spiritual traditions	3,990	51,440	8,570	6,195	600
No religion and secular perspectives	225,125	2,559,250	480,315	359,395	23,640
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	752,990	4,875,955	1,291,715	948,430	39,175
Non-movers	669,160	4,169,710	1,131,315	832,560	33,205
Movers	83,825	706,245	160,395	115,865	5,965
Non-migrants	44,035	395,215	107,815	69,070	3,895
Migrants	39,795	311,030	52,580	46,795	2,070
Internal migrants	36,285	251,245	43,010	40,825	1,825
Intraprovincial migrants	21,775	187,990	28,745	17,815	480
Interprovincial migrants	14,510	63,250	14,260	23,015	1,340
External migrants	3,505	59,785	9,575	5,970	245
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	726,925	4,699,740	1,228,155	915,520	37,410
Non-movers	468,780	2,639,500	754,005	581,165	20,500
Movers	258,145	2,060,245	474,145	334,365	16,910
Non-migrants	86,035	757,040	249,915	155,120	7,920
Migrants	172,110	1,303,200	224,235	179,245	8,990
Internal migrants	150,300	1,016,025	154,275	143,135	7,490
Intraprovincial migrants	104,965	799,455	122,120	76,050	2,465
Interprovincial migrants	45,335	216,565	32,155	67,085	5,020
External migrants	21,810	287,175	69,960	36,110	1,505
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	648,250	4,200,425	1,058,410	819,310	32,775
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	135,565	643,330	220,975	157,255	5,840
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	512,680	3,557,095	837,440	662,060	26,940
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	401,000	2,691,860	675,695	507,465	22,895
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	49,300	259,010	93,765	60,130	2,815
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	351,705	2,432,850	581,930	447,335	20,075
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	648,245	4,200,425	1,058,415	819,315	32,775
No certificate, diploma or degree	122,485	565,665	199,845	137,525	4,860
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	193,240	1,238,000	326,725	220,205	8,370
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	332,520	2,396,755	531,840	461,580	19,555
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	209,655	1,197,050	289,775	262,860	10,585
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	50,500	323,635	70,655	70,140	3,145
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	26,050	133,020	33,000	37,420	1,095
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	24,450	190,615	37,655	32,720	2,050
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	146,815	711,810	187,205	173,685	6,270
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	12,335	161,600	31,915	19,035	1,170
Bachelor's degree or higher	122,865	1,199,710	242,070	198,725	8,965
Bachelor's degree	85,425	775,145	170,835	131,470	5,625
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	7,400	84,000	19,020	12,185	520
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	3,070	32,985	6,605	5,045	160
Master's degree	23,265	264,145	39,155	43,285	2,415
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	3,705	43,440	6,460	6,745	245
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	401,005	2,691,860	675,695	507,465	22,895
No certificate, diploma or degree	44,010	216,660	82,960	50,650	2,230
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	114,985	694,785	191,820	124,015	5,180
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	242,005	1,780,415	400,915	332,805	15,490
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	147,860	838,680	206,375	181,530	7,950
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	31,475	217,350	48,360	44,840	2,195
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	16,715	88,765	21,795	23,700	740
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	14,760	128,590	26,560	21,145	1,460
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	108,710	507,405	136,480	125,220	4,855
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,670	113,915	21,540	11,470	900
Bachelor's degree or higher	94,140	941,735	194,545	151,270	7,540
Bachelor's degree	65,465	610,735	138,130	100,175	4,695
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	5,475	63,310	14,055	9,025	445
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,440	24,675	5,440	3,840	125
Master's degree	18,170	212,745	32,255	33,605	2,090
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	2,595	30,275	4,665	4,625	185
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	648,245	4,200,425	1,058,410	819,315	32,780
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	315,730	1,803,665	526,565	357,735	13,225
Education	25,985	158,060	46,425	32,930	1,635
13. Education	25,985	158,060	46,425	32,930	1,635
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	7,240	109,100	13,220	11,875	530
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	970	13,390	1,400	1,640	40
50. Visual and performing arts	6,270	95,715	11,820	10,235	490
Humanities	13,325	143,340	26,260	21,855	1,075
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	1,035	16,850	1,910	1,250	110
23. English language and literature/letters	2,545	35,465	4,390	6,125	200
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,475	48,620	8,810	5,015	355
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	375	2,860	520	620	20
38. Philosophy and religious studies	920	7,705	1,810	1,510	50
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,145	12,220	4,670	2,365	110
54. History	2,065	16,035	3,250	3,915	180
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	760	3,580	890	1,055	35
Social and behavioural sciences and law	28,985	288,970	53,520	46,965	2,600
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	265	5,140	1,105	715	60
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,460	31,375	4,755	4,635	280
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	7,485	39,140	11,430	10,015	455
22. Legal professions and studies	4,530	44,255	7,840	6,710	295
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	610	6,625	1,425	1,060	105
42. Psychology	6,135	52,080	9,330	9,695	350
45. Social sciences	7,500	110,350	17,630	14,135	1,055
Business, management and public administration	73,975	493,290	109,380	101,875	3,495
30.16 Accounting and computer science	170	645	285	210	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	6,840	30,855	9,140	7,570	605
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	66,960	461,790	99,955	94,100	2,890
Physical and life sciences and technologies	9,440	106,515	18,690	19,060	975
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	3,850	44,910	7,670	8,440	450
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	2,255	25,655	5,710	4,585	190
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	415	1,880	650	410	35
40. Physical sciences	2,085	30,600	3,680	5,030	250
41. Science technologies/technicians	835	3,470	990	600	50
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	13,215	105,555	23,790	18,170	480
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	11,550	83,795	20,040	14,910	350
25. Library science	705	6,145	1,190	1,320	65
27. Mathematics and statistics	825	13,030	2,300	1,670	55
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	140	2,580	255	270	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	72,895	458,590	101,835	96,510	3,880
04. Architecture and related services	660	19,025	2,910	1,825	170
14. Engineering	9,640	119,995	20,020	15,205	605
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	16,310	83,585	22,455	21,045	625
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	115	10	15	10
46. Construction trades	18,740	104,445	23,215	25,495	1,255
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	17,500	86,325	23,255	21,920	965
48. Precision production	10,045	45,110	9,980	11,010	255
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	8,175	60,510	17,715	9,905	1,070
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	4,465	31,920	14,210	5,965	260
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,720	28,595	3,510	3,945	810
Health and related fields	52,900	350,930	92,705	70,550	2,475
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	3,060	27,000	4,550	4,330	300
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	48,505	312,980	85,955	64,255	2,120
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	175	725	190	180	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	1,160	10,230	2,005	1,775	45
Personal, protective and transportation services	26,300	121,210	28,215	31,815	1,335
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	13,475	76,425	17,270	17,520	710
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	145	505	130	250	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	325	1,025	170	730	0
43. Security and protective services	5,700	15,820	5,055	4,760	290
49. Transportation and materials moving	6,650	27,425	5,590	8,560	330
Other¹⁷⁹	85	685	85	75	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	401,000	2,691,865	675,695	507,465	22,895
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	158,995	911,450	274,780	174,660	7,405
Education	15,520	99,640	31,325	20,200	1,255
13. Education	15,520	99,640	31,325	20,200	1,255
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	5,685	85,350	9,955	9,295	415
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	670	9,815	910	1,250	35
50. Visual and performing arts	5,010	75,530	9,040	8,045	385
Humanities	9,310	103,360	18,715	15,170	780
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	845	12,735	1,605	865	80
23. English language and literature/letters	1,845	25,770	3,280	4,320	150
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,455	35,310	6,415	3,570	240
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	240	1,895	355	420	20
38. Philosophy and religious studies	615	5,780	1,310	1,090	40
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,320	7,845	3,060	1,350	75
54. History	1,470	11,615	2,120	2,785	145
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	520	2,410	575	770	30
Social and behavioural sciences and law	22,760	226,805	42,590	37,160	2,165
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	195	4,220	945	515	45
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,130	26,730	4,080	3,995	245
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	5,880	29,960	9,110	8,070	335
22. Legal professions and studies	3,550	34,935	6,550	5,285	255
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	410	5,150	1,170	780	100
42. Psychology	4,895	39,250	6,975	7,590	295
45. Social sciences	5,700	86,555	13,760	10,925	885
Business, management and public administration	55,485	379,485	83,775	73,450	2,775
30.16 Accounting and computer science	135	445	245	145	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,370	22,625	6,845	5,700	480
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	49,990	356,415	76,680	67,610	2,295
Physical and life sciences and technologies	6,765	77,340	13,795	13,285	825
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,875	33,945	5,835	6,020	395
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,495	18,520	4,110	3,235	160
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	320	1,545	575	340	20
40. Physical sciences	1,520	21,390	2,685	3,415	205
41. Science technologies/technicians	560	1,935	595	280	40
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	11,310	87,185	19,205	14,780	435
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10,200	72,700	16,540	12,590	320
25. Library science	475	3,600	710	855	55
27. Mathematics and statistics	515	8,865	1,745	1,090	45
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	120	2,010	200	240	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	50,145	327,735	75,965	67,440	2,825
04. Architecture and related services	505	14,690	2,355	1,330	140
14. Engineering	7,375	93,760	17,060	11,245	510
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	11,895	57,590	16,245	14,625	440
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	100	10	0	0
46. Construction trades	12,295	74,045	16,955	17,745	915
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	11,460	57,950	16,450	15,140	685
48. Precision production	6,620	29,605	6,895	7,350	135
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	6,115	45,705	13,630	7,525	905
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	3,395	23,700	10,770	4,460	210
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,720	22,005	2,865	3,065	695
Health and related fields	39,225	258,665	71,165	50,935	2,070
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	2,325	20,980	3,525	3,230	255
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	35,775	229,855	65,865	46,265	1,785
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	175	580	155	155	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	940	7,245	1,625	1,285	30
Personal, protective and transportation services	19,605	88,615	20,725	23,515	1,050
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	9,855	56,165	12,365	12,840	560
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	110	305	110	190	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	190	450	105	405	0
43. Security and protective services	4,365	12,270	4,075	3,795	250
49. Transportation and materials moving	5,085	19,425	4,070	6,290	245
Other¹⁷⁹	80	535	65	60	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	401,000	2,691,865	675,695	507,465	22,895
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	158,995	911,450	274,780	174,660	7,405
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	242,005	1,780,415	400,920	332,805	15,490
Location of study inside Canada	222,915	1,316,405	313,465	301,970	12,730
Same as province or territory of residence	172,485	1,029,000	273,970	233,890	2,880
Different than province or territory of residence	50,430	287,405	39,495	68,085	9,850
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	19,090	464,010	87,445	30,835	2,760
Americas	5,125	84,155	11,310	6,980	490
United States of America	3,595	57,255	6,955	5,280	405
Mexico	245	8,850	435	290	35
Cuba	95	310	100	100	0
Haiti	30	20	25	0	0
Jamaica	135	655	330	230	0
Brazil	505	8,395	1,315	465	0
Colombia	110	2,315	555	155	0
Peru	30	945	90	50	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	85	815	80	50	0
Other locations of study in Americas	290	4,590	1,425	370	20
Europe	4,185	92,195	11,290	7,560	920
Belgium	125	755	100	85	40
France	585	5,075	460	280	155
Germany	315	5,805	1,860	790	215
Netherlands	185	2,315	300	230	50
Switzerland	40	1,915	145	175	75
Hungary	45	945	50	40	0
Moldova¹⁸³	45	455	115	25	0
Poland	35	2,960	510	160	10
Romania	140	3,515	115	140	0
Russian Federation	275	5,880	1,150	400	15
Ukraine	565	4,345	2,255	285	15
Ireland⁹⁶	40	5,665	245	250	15
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,360	38,270	2,600	3,820	205
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	840	140	40	0
Italy	55	1,610	145	105	0
Serbia⁸⁶	50	1,565	90	50	0
Other locations of study in Europe	320	10,275	1,010	675	130
Africa	2,095	12,250	7,235	2,050	65
Nigeria	430	1,315	3,665	680	30
Algeria	135	130	145	0	0
Morocco	240	470	185	60	0
Tunisia	110	160	95	20	0
Egypt	330	1,490	690	530	10
South Africa, Republic of	155	5,860	515	330	0
Other locations of study in Africa	705	2,825	1,935	425	25
Asia	7,335	258,905	56,830	13,500	1,160
Iran⁸⁸	185	16,325	425	410	0
Iraq	25	1,465	175	110	0
Israel	160	1,345	770	290	0
Lebanon	50	550	40	300	0
Syria⁸⁹	130	805	130	260	0
Turkey	40	1,680	160	145	20
China⁹⁰	925	59,350	3,920	1,530	40
Taiwan	20	8,905	140	75	20
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	7,025	435	80	0
Japan	60	8,185	240	180	45
Korea, South⁹²	630	19,605	1,220	945	20
Philippines	2,325	55,140	28,440	2,835	730
Viet Nam	265	2,145	560	195	15
Bangladesh	115	1,135	580	225	0
Sri Lanka	45	975	310	175	0
India	1,800	60,565	16,235	4,860	200
Pakistan	195	3,935	1,575	340	35
Other locations of study in Asia	360	9,780	1,455	560	30
Oceania	345	16,505	785	735	130
Australia	270	12,315	665	600	95
New Zealand	70	3,340	105	140	10
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	855	20	0	20
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	648,245	4,200,425	1,058,415	819,315	32,775
In the labour force	389,465	2,657,275	681,505	487,260	23,515
Employed	349,215	2,433,600	625,115	425,190	21,905
Unemployed	40,255	223,675	56,390	62,070	1,610
Not in the labour force	258,780	1,543,145	376,905	332,055	9,260
Participation rate	60.1	63.3	64.4	59.5	71.7
Employment rate	53.9	57.9	59.1	51.9	66.8
Unemployment rate	10.3	8.4	8.3	12.7	6.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	648,245	4,200,425	1,058,410	819,315	32,780
Did not work¹⁸⁶	252,745	1,563,830	379,950	323,335	8,935
Worked	395,505	2,636,595	678,460	495,980	23,845
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	209,200	1,350,335	376,840	260,795	13,415
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	186,295	1,286,260	301,625	235,185	10,430
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.6	40.9	41.9	40.7	41.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	389,470	2,657,275	681,505	487,260	23,520
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	7,970	54,165	15,625	10,965	380
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	381,500	2,603,110	665,880	476,290	23,140
Employee	343,625	2,144,475	582,575	421,080	19,945
Permanent position	269,290	1,788,175	490,370	337,140	15,505
Temporary position	74,330	356,305	92,210	83,945	4,440
Fixed term (1 year or more)	16,785	116,190	27,250	22,645	1,395
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	57,545	240,110	64,960	61,295	3,050
Self-employed¹⁹²	37,875	458,635	83,305	55,210	3,190
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	389,470	2,657,275	681,505	487,260	23,520
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	7,970	54,165	15,625	10,965	380
All occupations¹⁹¹	381,500	2,603,110	665,880	476,290	23,140
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	3,630	32,255	6,440	5,065	420
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	58,480	446,160	106,520	73,305	4,215
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	24,220	209,185	39,030	32,455	1,635
3 Health occupations	34,745	199,185	57,585	45,420	1,525
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	51,285	309,360	91,725	66,135	4,420
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	7,685	110,585	15,375	13,070	805
6 Sales and service occupations	101,215	666,705	160,900	123,130	4,735
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	67,570	469,450	124,140	80,775	4,270
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	13,690	72,075	29,805	17,745	715
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	18,970	88,155	34,355	19,200	400
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	389,470	2,657,275	681,505	487,260	23,520
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	7,970	54,165	15,625	10,965	380
All industries¹⁹¹	381,500	2,603,110	665,880	476,290	23,140
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	14,815	60,320	27,485	17,880	365
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	3,295	24,955	5,045	3,065	675
22 Utilities	3,935	14,820	6,655	3,655	215
23 Construction	27,805	234,345	52,245	35,720	2,045
31-33 Manufacturing	30,525	152,790	56,805	31,210	300
41 Wholesale trade	9,265	80,165	18,970	11,400	290
44-45 Retail trade	45,920	301,060	72,205	58,985	2,230
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	18,515	142,230	41,485	19,930	865
51 Information and cultural industries	6,530	71,295	9,760	8,260	555
52 Finance and insurance	13,155	95,560	25,885	16,490	320
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	4,095	59,155	8,410	6,570	300
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	19,215	238,650	32,425	31,400	1,240
55 Management of companies and enterprises	580	5,785	1,000	655	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	16,885	110,215	26,870	21,530	610
61 Educational services	28,650	192,855	57,480	38,425	1,730
62 Health care and social assistance	56,515	319,525	99,895	70,595	2,745
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	6,020	60,775	12,075	9,045	635
72 Accommodation and food services	23,345	182,105	37,515	30,010	1,285
81 Other services (except public administration)	17,185	113,780	28,120	19,395	945
91 Public administration	35,260	142,730	45,555	42,070	5,785
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	423,255	2,855,890	727,130	530,410	25,520
English	284,045	2,617,625	680,505	506,775	24,080
French	63,250	3,090	3,730	3,405	225
Non-official language	390	52,925	3,570	1,180	60
Indigenous³⁹	50	140	300	310	0
Non-Indigenous	345	52,790	3,265	870	60
English and French	72,790	21,550	14,225	13,145	705
English and non-official language(s)	2,330	154,255	24,415	5,605	425
French and non-official language(s)	15	80	40	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	415	2,520	440	270	30
Multiple non-official languages	15	3,840	200	20	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	423,255	2,855,890	727,130	530,410	25,520
Single responses	406,995	2,820,225	719,895	527,715	25,380
Official languages	406,235	2,726,710	711,975	525,370	25,290
English	317,530	2,720,275	705,145	519,550	24,970
French	88,700	6,430	6,825	5,825	315
Non-official languages	765	93,520	7,925	2,340	95
Indigenous languages³⁹	150	290	1,375	675	15
Algonquian languages	150	0	1,250	675	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	735	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	730	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	50	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	10	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	675	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	145	0	0	670	0
Mi'kmaq	130	0	0	670	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	10	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	515	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	405	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	105	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	10	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	20	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	75	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	55	100	0	15
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	55	100	0	10
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	20	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	100	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	10
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	30	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	10
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	10	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	10	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	10	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	125	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	35	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	30	0	0	0
Squamish	0	10	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	20	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	15	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	10	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	10	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	40	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	20	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	40	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	10	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	15	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	10	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	610	93,230	6,550	1,670	75
Afro-Asiatic languages	40	520	195	125	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	10	25	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	10	20	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	40	500	165	125	0
Amharic	0	20	20	0	0
Arabic	30	355	60	115	0
Aramaic languages	0	25	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	60	30	0	0
Tigrigna	0	45	55	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	2,720	220	50	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	30	0	0	0
Vietnamese	40	2,695	220	50	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	20	855	770	35	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	20	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	40	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	85	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	680	765	25	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	15	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	75	10	10	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	15	0	10	0
Tamil	0	55	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	275	30,820	3,530	680	25
Albanian	0	20	0	0	0
Armenian	0	20	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	915	330	25	0
Baltic languages	0	15	0	0	0
Latvian	0	15	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	25	900	325	25	0
Bulgarian	0	10	0	0	0
Czech	0	25	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	85	40	0	0
Russian	20	645	175	20	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	90	10	0	0
Bosnian	0	10	0	0	0
Croatian	0	10	0	0	0
Serbian	0	75	10	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	30	85	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	10	0	25	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	10	0	25	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	55	680	1,065	330	15
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	25	450	700	265	15
German	25	400	700	265	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	50	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	195	340	55	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	30	85	15	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	95	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	105	215	50	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	35	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	20	0	0	0
Swedish	0	15	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	20	0	0
Greek	0	50	15	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages	60	25,450	1,670	120	0
Indo-Aryan languages	35	23,425	1,630	100	0
Bengali	0	10	40	0	0
Gujarati	0	10	40	0	0
Hindi	0	555	55	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	10	0	35	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	22,730	1,465	40	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	10	0
Urdu	0	100	25	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	20	2,020	40	15	0
Kurdish	0	25	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	15	1,985	35	15	0
Dari	0	110	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	15	1,710	30	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	170	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	135	3,675	450	165	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	120	10	0	0
Portuguese	10	555	90	45	0
Romanian	0	60	0	0	0
Spanish	115	2,940	355	120	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	2,015	20	10	0
Korean	70	6,855	170	75	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	15	25	30	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	10	25	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	35	300	130	65	0
American Sign Language	30	285	130	55	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	15	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	135	48,730	1,450	550	50
Chinese languages	135	48,670	1,450	550	50
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	120	28,465	860	440	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	235	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	15	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	19,865	590	90	45
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	85	0	20	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	60	0	0	0
Burmese	0	30	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	205	15	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	200	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	60	10	15	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	55	10	15	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	50	0	10	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	20	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	30	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	16,255	35,660	7,230	2,700	140
English and French	15,615	2,470	2,110	1,650	90
English and non-official language(s)	600	32,195	5,020	1,030	50
French and non-official language(s)	10	35	20	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	130	30	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	825	55	15	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	423,255	2,855,890	727,130	530,410	25,520
None	363,825	2,703,945	694,535	513,950	24,485
English	25,730	36,055	7,010	3,510	125
French	31,880	16,140	9,175	9,110	540
Non-official language	1,430	79,300	14,510	3,290	345
Indigenous³⁹	320	1,320	2,975	655	125
Non-Indigenous	1,105	77,980	11,530	2,635	220
English and French	10	70	10	15	0
English and non-official language(s)	55	4,745	265	40	0
French and non-official language(s)	210	1,945	265	225	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	10	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	110	13,685	1,360	270	10
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	349,215	2,433,600	625,115	425,195	21,905
Worked at home	55,620	549,845	106,565	88,135	2,495
Worked outside Canada	870	10,065	1,450	1,040	15
No fixed workplace address	46,450	373,475	78,405	57,310	2,615
Usual place of work	246,275	1,500,215	438,705	278,705	16,785
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	246,275	1,500,215	438,705	278,705	16,780
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	115,805	774,620	328,415	201,500	13,810
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	84,010	638,825	46,100	47,015	2,205
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	43,000	77,845	61,140	25,755	0
Commute to a different province or territory	3,465	8,920	3,055	4,435	770
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	292,725	1,873,690	517,110	336,015	19,395
Car, truck or van	269,215	1,497,765	445,070	293,665	16,410
Car, truck or van - as a driver	245,720	1,376,410	401,745	267,755	15,050
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	23,500	121,350	43,325	25,910	1,360
Public transit	4,345	174,045	29,345	13,895	485
Walked	12,305	121,550	27,440	18,975	1,675
Bicycle	1,130	36,790	5,395	1,605	470
Other method	5,725	43,535	9,855	7,870	360
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	292,725	1,873,690	517,110	336,015	19,395
Less than 15 minutes	131,495	595,470	187,385	128,935	10,020
15 to 29 minutes	104,705	637,130	191,315	123,315	7,180
30 to 44 minutes	34,810	369,645	90,020	51,690	1,275
45 to 59 minutes	11,180	137,115	25,475	15,840	435
60 minutes and over	10,530	134,330	22,915	16,230	485
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	292,725	1,873,690	517,110	336,015	19,395
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	16,430	125,470	26,980	21,490	520
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	47,295	298,120	87,745	65,525	2,060
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	97,985	449,315	143,110	98,970	6,045
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	63,160	418,635	116,395	70,820	6,875
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	26,670	303,745	59,845	33,295	2,120
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	41,180	278,405	83,035	45,920	1,780
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	137,000	884,130	302,080	168,465	8,210
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	49,335	55,575	30,475	16,800	1,160
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	87,660	828,550	271,605	151,660	7,050
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	102,270	651,050	217,225	124,910	5,845
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	37,215	43,010	23,030	12,745	810
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	29,975	23,960	14,755	8,070	575
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	7,235	19,050	8,280	4,680	235
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	65,055	608,040	194,195	112,165	5,030

Symbol legend

x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 13, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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