Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Waterloo, Regional municipality (RM)More information: Ontario [Census division]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	587,165
Population, 2016¹	535,154
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	9.7
Total private dwellings²	233,253
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	222,426
Population density per square kilometre	428.6
Land area in square kilometres	1,370.07
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	587,165
0 to 14 years	101,370
0 to 4 years	31,580
5 to 9 years	34,215
10 to 14 years	35,575
15 to 64 years	394,500
15 to 19 years	35,700
20 to 24 years	42,630
25 to 29 years	45,960
30 to 34 years	43,680
35 to 39 years	41,465
40 to 44 years	38,015
45 to 49 years	37,015
50 to 54 years	37,140
55 to 59 years	38,645
60 to 64 years	34,250
65 years and over	91,295
65 to 69 years	28,280
70 to 74 years	23,690
75 to 79 years	16,380
80 to 84 years	11,250
85 years and over	11,695
85 to 89 years	7,025
90 to 94 years	3,540
95 to 99 years	1,020
100 years and over	115
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.3
15 to 64 years	67.2
65 years and over	15.5
85 years and over	2.0
Average age of the population	39.4
Median age of the population	38.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	222,425
Single-detached house	118,890
Semi-detached house	13,235
Row house	25,630
Apartment or flat in a duplex	6,275
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	29,150
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	28,680
Other single-attached house	305
Movable dwelling⁴	260
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	222,425
1 person	54,845
2 persons	73,200
3 persons	36,150
4 persons	35,775
5 or more persons	22,455
Number of persons in private households	579,380
Average household size	2.6
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	485,795
Married or living common-law	278,045
Married	234,230
Living common-law	43,810
Living common law - Never married	31,860
Living common law - Separated	2,395
Living common law - Divorced	8,675
Living common law - Widowed	885
Not married and not living common-law	207,755
Not married and not living common law - Never married	145,320
Not married and not living common law - Separated	13,570
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	25,940
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	22,925
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	161,260
2 persons	76,600
3 persons	34,985
4 persons	34,125
5 or more persons	15,555
Average size of census families	3.0
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	161,265
Total couple families	135,685
Married couples	113,790
With children⁶	66,030
Without children	47,765
Common-law couples	21,895
With children⁶	8,015
Without children	13,885
Total one-parent families	25,575
in which the parent is a woman+	20,165
in which the parent is a man+	5,410
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	579,380
Total - Persons in census families	479,495
Married spouses or common-law partners	271,370
Parents in one-parent families	25,575
Children⁶	182,545
In a two-parent family	142,175
In a one-parent family	40,375
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	99,890
Living alone	54,845
Living with other relatives⁷	14,310
Living with non-relatives only	30,735
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	222,430
One-census-family households without additional persons	139,560
Couple-family households	119,870
With children⁶	65,765
Without children	54,105
One-parent-family households	19,690
Multigenerational households⁸	7,470
Multiple-census-family households⁹	1,495
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	7,180
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	11,875
One-person households	54,845
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	478,145
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	457,230
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	457,445
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	411,950
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	345,310
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	410,285
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,250
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	41,225
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	131,085
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	478,140
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	457,090
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,750
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	457,315
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	411,745
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	345,315
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	410,335
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,770
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	40,905
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	131,300
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,410
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	478,140
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	171,065
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	133,560
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,560
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	70.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	478,140
Without total income	20,910
With total income	457,230
Under $10,000 (including loss)	38,745
$10,000 to $19,999	53,085
$20,000 to $29,999	67,290
$30,000 to $39,999	56,395
$40,000 to $49,999	50,835
$50,000 to $59,999	43,830
$60,000 to $69,999	34,310
$70,000 to $79,999	26,085
$80,000 to $89,999	19,565
$90,000 to $99,999	15,530
$100,000 and over	51,575
$100,000 to $149,999	35,345
$150,000 and over	16,235
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	478,140
Without after-tax income	20,695
With after-tax income	457,445
Under $10,000 (including loss)	40,325
$10,000 to $19,999	55,260
$20,000 to $29,999	76,150
$30,000 to $39,999	67,555
$40,000 to $49,999	60,630
$50,000 to $59,999	46,970
$60,000 to $69,999	32,935
$70,000 to $79,999	23,275
$80,000 to $89,999	18,370
$90,000 to $99,999	10,845
$100,000 and over	25,130
$100,000 to $124,999	12,785
$125,000 and over	12,340
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	478,140
Without employment income	132,830
With employment income	345,315
Under $5,000 (including loss)	43,980
$5,000 to $9,999	26,640
$10,000 to $19,999	40,025
$20,000 to $29,999	30,375
$30,000 to $39,999	30,880
$40,000 to $49,999	32,025
$50,000 to $59,999	29,070
$60,000 to $69,999	24,020
$70,000 to $79,999	18,870
$80,000 to $89,999	15,195
$90,000 to $99,999	13,240
$100,000 and over	40,995
$100,000 to $124,999	20,285
$125,000 and over	20,710
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	478,145
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	447,055
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	447,145
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	405,690
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	343,965
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	384,170
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,640
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	30,230
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,520
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	478,140
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	447,300
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,100
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	447,395
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	405,845
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	344,300
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	384,265
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30,280
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,460
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	478,140
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	169,810
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	61,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	124,885
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,920
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	89.0
Employment income (%)	75.4
Government transfers (%)	11.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	222,425
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	92,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	81,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	54,845
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,800
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,000
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	167,585
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	111,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	222,425
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	112,500
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	93,700
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	54,820
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	55,800
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,800
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	167,605
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	131,200
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,100
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	222,425
Under $5,000	2,495
$5,000 to $9,999	1,060
$10,000 to $14,999	2,195
$15,000 to $19,999	3,455
$20,000 to $24,999	6,145
$25,000 to $29,999	6,435
$30,000 to $34,999	5,925
$35,000 to $39,999	6,830
$40,000 to $44,999	7,300
$45,000 to $49,999	7,635
$50,000 to $59,999	15,115
$60,000 to $69,999	15,065
$70,000 to $79,999	14,515
$80,000 to $89,999	13,790
$90,000 to $99,999	13,265
$100,000 and over	101,205
$100,000 to $124,999	28,660
$125,000 to $149,999	21,715
$150,000 to $199,999	26,510
$200,000 and over	24,315
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	222,425
Under $5,000	2,760
$5,000 to $9,999	1,105
$10,000 to $14,999	2,250
$15,000 to $19,999	3,620
$20,000 to $24,999	6,570
$25,000 to $29,999	7,315
$30,000 to $34,999	7,115
$35,000 to $39,999	7,980
$40,000 to $44,999	8,875
$45,000 to $49,999	9,030
$50,000 to $59,999	17,860
$60,000 to $69,999	17,960
$70,000 to $79,999	16,980
$80,000 to $89,999	16,295
$90,000 to $99,999	14,850
$100,000 and over	81,875
$100,000 to $124,999	29,845
$125,000 to $149,999	20,115
$150,000 and over	31,915
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	158,635
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	111,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,000
Average family size of economic families	3.1
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	55,670
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	74,425
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	23,415
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	85,575
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	158,595
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	131,800
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,300
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	55,615
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	114,200
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,500
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	74,565
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	161,200
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,200
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	23,275
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	83,400
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	85,435
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,160
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,080
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	579,385
0 to 17 years	122,190
0 to 5 years	38,300
18 to 64 years	370,980
65 years and over	86,210
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	53,710
0 to 17 years	13,145
0 to 5 years	4,480
18 to 64 years	31,285
65 years and over	9,285
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.3
0 to 17 years (%)	10.8
0 to 5 years (%)	11.7
18 to 64 years (%)	8.4
65 years and over (%)	10.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	579,380
0 to 17 years	122,190
0 to 5 years	38,295
18 to 64 years	370,980
65 years and over	86,210
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	35,690
0 to 17 years	6,455
0 to 5 years	2,120
18 to 64 years	26,695
65 years and over	2,535
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.2
0 to 17 years (%)	5.3
0 to 5 years (%)	5.5
18 to 64 years (%)	7.2
65 years and over (%)	2.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	579,385
In bottom half of the distribution	271,515
In bottom decile	52,450
In second decile	52,050
In third decile	53,865
In fourth decile	54,950
In fifth decile	58,210
In top half of the distribution	307,865
In sixth decile	59,880
In seventh decile	61,840
In eighth decile	63,460
In ninth decile	63,970
In top decile	58,715
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	579,380
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.329
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.431
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.287
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	582,210
English only	534,055
French only	260
English and French	36,705
Neither English nor French	11,185
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	582,210
English	562,960
French	5,630
English and French	2,705
Neither English nor French	10,915
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	582,210
Single responses	559,980
Official languages	408,650
English	403,060
French	5,590
Non-official languages	151,325
Indigenous languages³⁹	25
Algonquian languages	20
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	5
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	10
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	5
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	5
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	151,300
Afro-Asiatic languages	16,235
Berber languages	10
Kabyle	10
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	15
Hausa	15
Mina	0
Coptic	20
Cushitic languages	2,230
Bilen	570
Oromo	135
Somali	1,405
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	120
Semitic languages	13,965
Amharic	1,070
Arabic	9,535
Aramaic languages	510
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	315
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	100
Aramaic, n.o.s.	105
Harari	30
Hebrew	150
Maltese	55
Tigrigna	2,605
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	4,080
Khmer (Cambodian)	255
Vietnamese	3,805
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	20
Austronesian languages	3,420
Bikol	10
Bisaya, n.o.s.	100
Cebuano	140
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	70
Ilocano	145
Indonesian	200
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	10
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	35
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15
Pangasinan	15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,595
Waray-Waray	20
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	60
Creole languages	280
Haitian Creole	50
Jamaican English Creole	10
Krio	15
Morisyen	55
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	90
Creole languages, n.i.e.	60
Dravidian languages	4,770
Kannada	195
Malayalam	2,030
Tamil	1,390
Telugu	1,115
Tulu	15
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	25
Georgian	15
Hmong-Mien languages	430
Indo-European languages	98,925
Albanian	1,085
Armenian	655
Balto-Slavic languages	18,065
Baltic languages	155
Latvian	75
Lithuanian	85
Slavic languages	17,905
Belarusian	20
Bulgarian	180
Czech	590
Macedonian	245
Polish	4,915
Russian	2,295
Rusyn	140
Serbo-Croatian	7,875
Bosnian	650
Croatian	1,930
Serbian	5,175
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	115
Slovak	500
Slovene (Slovenian)	230
Ukrainian	920
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5
Celtic languages	25
Irish	5
Scottish Gaelic	10
Welsh	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5
Germanic languages	14,885
Frisian	25
High German languages	12,150
German	9,275
Pennsylvania German	2,785
Swiss German	90
Yiddish	10
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	2,490
Afrikaans	115
Dutch	1,755
Low German, n.o.s.	130
Low Saxon	30
Plautdietsch	410
Vlaams (Flemish)	50
Scandinavian languages	205
Danish	135
Icelandic	5
Norwegian	15
Swedish	50
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10
Greek	1,265
Indo-Iranian languages	36,180
Indo-Aryan languages	29,875
Assamese	10
Bengali	1,345
Gujarati	5,670
Hindi	4,120
Kacchi	130
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	55
Marathi	380
Nepali	910
Oriya languages	25
Odia	15
Oriya, n.o.s.	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10,625
Rohingya	240
Sindhi	145
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	375
Urdu	5,755
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	80
Iranian languages	6,295
Baluchi	20
Kurdish	755
Parsi	10
Pashto	1,120
Persian languages	4,355
Dari	1,595
Iranian Persian	2,260
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	505
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	35
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10
Italic (Romance) languages	26,755
Catalan	5
Italian	1,655
Portuguese	9,955
Romanian	4,975
Spanish	10,155
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10
Japanese	475
Korean	2,680
Mongolian	10
Niger-Congo languages	1,160
Akan (Twi)	145
Bamanankan	0
Edo	15
Éwé	15
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	5
Ganda	20
Gikuyu	5
Igbo	80
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	60
Lingala	10
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	10
Ndebele	25
Rundi (Kirundi)	40
Shona	120
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	10
Swahili	190
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	15
Yoruba	245
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	140
Nilo-Saharan languages	320
Dinka	10
Nuer	115
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	185
African, n.o.s.	5
Sign languages	130
American Sign Language	115
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20
Sino-Tibetan languages	13,750
Chinese languages	13,255
Hakka	40
Mandarin	10,415
Min Dong	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	200
Wu (Shanghainese)	60
Yue (Cantonese)	2,305
Chinese, n.o.s.	220
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	480
Burmese	115
Kuki-Chin languages	205
Karenic languages	110
S'gaw Karen	95
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	15
Tibetan	15
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	40
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	15
Tai-Kadai languages	1,010
Lao	885
Thai	125
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	1,890
Azerbaijani	100
Kazakh	5
Turkish	1,700
Uyghur	35
Uzbek	20
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	30
Uralic languages	1,680
Estonian	75
Finnish	110
Hungarian	1,500
Other languages, n.i.e.	40
Multiple responses	22,230
English and French	2,145
English and non-official language(s)	17,500
French and non-official language(s)	320
English, French and non-official language(s)	420
Multiple non-official languages	1,845
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	582,210
English	421,735
French	990
Non-official language	44,740
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	44,740
English and French	4,975
English and non-official language(s)	103,235
French and non-official language(s)	155
English, French and non-official language(s)	2,905
Multiple non-official languages	3,470
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	582,210
Single responses	557,380
Official languages	469,090
English	467,460
French	1,630
Non-official languages	88,290
Indigenous languages³⁹	10
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	5
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	88,280
Afro-Asiatic languages	11,060
Berber languages	15
Kabyle	10
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	10
Hausa	10
Mina	0
Coptic	15
Cushitic languages	1,550
Bilen	525
Oromo	80
Somali	875
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	65
Semitic languages	9,480
Amharic	640
Arabic	6,290
Aramaic languages	375
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	215
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	75
Aramaic, n.o.s.	75
Harari	25
Hebrew	65
Maltese	5
Tigrigna	2,080
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,725
Khmer (Cambodian)	140
Vietnamese	2,570
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10
Austronesian languages	1,750
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	65
Cebuano	60
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	40
Ilocano	75
Indonesian	65
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	15
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,380
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25
Creole languages	125
Haitian Creole	20
Jamaican English Creole	10
Krio	15
Morisyen	20
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	45
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25
Dravidian languages	3,010
Kannada	80
Malayalam	1,400
Tamil	805
Telugu	700
Tulu	5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	180
Indo-European languages	54,590
Albanian	655
Armenian	440
Balto-Slavic languages	9,155
Baltic languages	15
Latvian	5
Lithuanian	5
Slavic languages	9,145
Belarusian	10
Bulgarian	70
Czech	175
Macedonian	120
Polish	2,120
Russian	1,370
Rusyn	85
Serbo-Croatian	4,550
Bosnian	365
Croatian	765
Serbian	3,385
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	40
Slovak	140
Slovene (Slovenian)	30
Ukrainian	475
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	5
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	5,800
Frisian	5
High German languages	5,010
German	2,715
Pennsylvania German	2,270
Swiss German	25
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	760
Afrikaans	55
Dutch	370
Low German, n.o.s.	105
Low Saxon	5
Plautdietsch	225
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	20
Danish	15
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5
Greek	450
Indo-Iranian languages	24,850
Indo-Aryan languages	20,540
Assamese	5
Bengali	785
Gujarati	3,755
Hindi	2,620
Kacchi	45
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	20
Marathi	180
Nepali	735
Oriya languages	5
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	8,130
Rohingya	185
Sindhi	95
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	195
Urdu	3,760
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	35
Iranian languages	4,310
Baluchi	15
Kurdish	435
Parsi	5
Pashto	810
Persian languages	3,020
Dari	1,045
Iranian Persian	1,585
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	390
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5
Italic (Romance) languages	13,230
Catalan	0
Italian	335
Portuguese	4,645
Romanian	2,400
Spanish	5,835
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	240
Korean	2,035
Mongolian	5
Niger-Congo languages	405
Akan (Twi)	55
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	15
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20
Lingala	10
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	15
Rundi (Kirundi)	20
Shona	45
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	85
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	70
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	55
Nilo-Saharan languages	145
Dinka	0
Nuer	65
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	80
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	215
American Sign Language	190
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25
Sino-Tibetan languages	9,460
Chinese languages	9,085
Hakka	15
Mandarin	7,635
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	75
Wu (Shanghainese)	40
Yue (Cantonese)	1,170
Chinese, n.o.s.	140
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	365
Burmese	95
Kuki-Chin languages	150
Karenic languages	100
S'gaw Karen	85
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	10
Tibetan	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10
Tai-Kadai languages	500
Lao	455
Thai	45
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	5
Turkic languages	1,285
Azerbaijani	50
Kazakh	5
Turkish	1,200
Uyghur	20
Uzbek	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10
Uralic languages	510
Estonian	0
Finnish	5
Hungarian	505
Other languages, n.i.e.	20
Multiple responses	24,825
English and French	900
English and non-official language(s)	23,160
French and non-official language(s)	90
English, French and non-official language(s)	245
Multiple non-official languages	435
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	582,205
None	487,540
English	34,855
French	4,285
Non-official language	43,105
Indigenous³⁹	60
Non-Indigenous	43,050
English and French	425
English and non-official language(s)	5,715
French and non-official language(s)	1,365
English, French and non-official language(s)	90
Multiple non-official languages	4,825
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	579,385
Official languages	568,185
English	567,990
French	36,570
Non-official languages	194,930
Indigenous languages³⁹	140
Algonquian languages	105
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	20
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	20
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	15
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	20
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	60
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	60
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	20
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	40
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	25
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	20
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	194,830
Afro-Asiatic languages	22,445
Berber languages	45
Kabyle	35
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	70
Hausa	70
Mina	0
Coptic	75
Cushitic languages	2,930
Bilen	785
Oromo	250
Somali	1,715
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	225
Semitic languages	20,275
Amharic	2,165
Arabic	14,700
Aramaic languages	750
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	565
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	90
Aramaic, n.o.s.	110
Harari	55
Hebrew	685
Maltese	60
Tigrigna	3,960
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	95
Austro-Asiatic languages	5,485
Khmer (Cambodian)	360
Vietnamese	5,090
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	45
Austronesian languages	4,945
Bikol	20
Bisaya, n.o.s.	125
Cebuano	300
Fijian	10
Hiligaynon	145
Ilocano	220
Indonesian	295
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	30
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	110
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	40
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	4,210
Waray-Waray	55
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	190
Creole languages	1,030
Haitian Creole	205
Jamaican English Creole	95
Krio	60
Morisyen	205
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	325
Creole languages, n.i.e.	215
Dravidian languages	6,815
Kannada	415
Malayalam	2,875
Tamil	2,705
Telugu	1,695
Tulu	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	25
Georgian	30
Hmong-Mien languages	425
Indo-European languages	130,760
Albanian	1,265
Armenian	810
Balto-Slavic languages	22,110
Baltic languages	240
Latvian	120
Lithuanian	125
Slavic languages	21,910
Belarusian	95
Bulgarian	310
Czech	770
Macedonian	355
Polish	5,885
Russian	3,800
Rusyn	135
Serbo-Croatian	10,055
Bosnian	1,100
Croatian	3,435
Serbian	7,015
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	150
Slovak	680
Slovene (Slovenian)	315
Ukrainian	1,615
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10
Celtic languages	125
Irish	40
Scottish Gaelic	30
Welsh	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	20,125
Frisian	30
High German languages	16,870
German	13,955
Pennsylvania German	3,020
Swiss German	170
Yiddish	55
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	3,865
Afrikaans	285
Dutch	2,915
Low German, n.o.s.	50
Low Saxon	55
Plautdietsch	525
Vlaams (Flemish)	55
Scandinavian languages	485
Danish	245
Icelandic	10
Norwegian	80
Swedish	160
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	1,950
Indo-Iranian languages	49,170
Indo-Aryan languages	42,590
Assamese	20
Bengali	1,925
Gujarati	7,870
Hindi	19,095
Kacchi	280
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	125
Marathi	840
Nepali	990
Oriya languages	45
Odia	20
Oriya, n.o.s.	25
Punjabi (Panjabi)	16,175
Rohingya	310
Sindhi	180
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	585
Urdu	10,680
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	185
Iranian languages	7,625
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	1,105
Parsi	0
Pashto	1,475
Persian languages	5,415
Dari	1,925
Iranian Persian	3,030
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	555
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	65
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	35
Italic (Romance) languages	38,675
Catalan	35
Italian	3,495
Portuguese	13,065
Romanian	6,235
Spanish	17,295
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	55
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	45
Japanese	1,275
Korean	2,905
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	3,040
Akan (Twi)	315
Bamanankan	0
Edo	60
Éwé	45
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10
Ga	75
Ganda	25
Gikuyu	10
Igbo	410
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	40
Lingala	80
Luba-Kasai	25
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	90
Rundi (Kirundi)	25
Shona	225
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	15
Swahili	655
Wojenaka	10
Wolof	45
Yoruba	880
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	480
Nilo-Saharan languages	550
Dinka	0
Nuer	245
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	295
African, n.o.s.	30
Sign languages	990
American Sign Language	865
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	140
Sino-Tibetan languages	15,990
Chinese languages	15,460
Hakka	40
Mandarin	12,735
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	430
Wu (Shanghainese)	100
Yue (Cantonese)	3,585
Chinese, n.o.s.	230
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	535
Burmese	300
Kuki-Chin languages	250
Karenic languages	65
S'gaw Karen	60
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	45
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	60
Tai-Kadai languages	1,485
Lao	1,325
Thai	300
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	2,775
Azerbaijani	270
Kazakh	25
Turkish	2,470
Uyghur	50
Uzbek	35
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	55
Uralic languages	2,100
Estonian	110
Finnish	105
Hungarian	1,880
Other languages, n.i.e.	125
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	579,380
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	9,960
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	9,315
First Nations (North American Indian)	5,750
Métis	3,380
Inuk (Inuit)	185
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	360
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	285
Non-Indigenous identity	569,425
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	579,380
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,615
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	576,765
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	222,425
Owner	144,515
Renter	77,910
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	222,425
Condominium	30,500
Not condominium	191,925
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	222,425
No bedrooms	1,005
1 bedroom	26,190
2 bedrooms	48,570
3 bedrooms	91,120
4 or more bedrooms	55,540
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	222,425
1 to 4 rooms	57,935
5 rooms	32,445
6 rooms	35,105
7 rooms	29,150
8 or more rooms	67,790
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	222,425
One person or fewer per room	216,430
More than one person per room	5,995
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	222,425
Suitable	209,150
Not suitable	13,275
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	222,425
1960 or before	40,845
1961 to 1980	58,570
1981 to 1990	30,460
1991 to 2000	28,485
2001 to 2005	18,555
2006 to 2010	14,935
2011 to 2015	13,030
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	17,550
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	222,425
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	212,425
Major repairs needed	10,000
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	222,425
One-maintainer household	102,745
Two-maintainer household	107,080
Three-or-more-maintainer household	12,605
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	222,425
15 to 24 years	7,980
25 to 34 years	36,370
35 to 44 years	41,490
45 to 54 years	41,700
55 to 64 years	42,160
65 to 74 years	30,055
75 to 84 years	16,695
85 years and over	5,975
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	220,640
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	172,450
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	48,190
30% to less than 100%	43,455
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	222,425
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	65,520
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	43,125
Not suitable only	9,975
Major repairs needed only	6,625
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	2,410
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	2,490
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	730
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	155
Acceptable housing	156,910
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	215,910
In core need	19,355
Not in core need	196,550
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	143,655
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	62.8
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	13.8
% in core housing need⁶³	3.7
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,530
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,610
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	700,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	733,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	77,875
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.4
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	36.7
% in core housing need⁶³	18.9
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,300
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,350
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	579,380
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,625
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,515
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,855
Métis single ancestry	560
Inuit single ancestry	100
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	110
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	75
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	11,935
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	11,665
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	8,800
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,650
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	210
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	275
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	215
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	564,820
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	579,385
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	513,965
Canadian citizens aged under 18	113,465
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	400,505
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	65,415
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	579,385
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	409,920
Immigrants⁸¹	147,190
Before 1980	28,875
1980 to 1990	16,935
1991 to 2000	25,085
2001 to 2010	31,590
2011 to 2021⁸²	44,705
2011 to 2015	16,865
2016 to 2021	27,840
Non-permanent residents⁸³	22,270
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	147,190
Under 5 years	15,520
5 to 14 years	27,935
15 to 24 years	28,680
25 to 44 years	63,825
45 years and over	11,230
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	147,190
Americas	20,975
Brazil	1,220
Colombia	2,120
El Salvador	2,070
Guyana	2,405
Haiti	145
Jamaica	2,335
Mexico	1,060
Peru	155
Trinidad and Tobago	885
United States of America	4,420
Other places of birth in Americas	4,165
Europe	47,965
Bosnia and Herzegovina	2,890
Croatia	2,015
France	425
Germany	3,845
Greece	555
Hungary	675
Italy	1,155
Netherlands	1,345
Poland	4,025
Portugal	6,590
Romania	4,720
Russian Federation	990
Serbia⁸⁶	2,420
Ukraine	1,015
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10,235
Other places of birth in Europe	5,080
Africa	13,795
Algeria	60
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	215
Egypt	1,335
Eritrea	3,125
Ethiopia	1,665
Morocco	55
Nigeria	1,465
Somalia	930
South Africa, Republic of	755
Other places of birth in Africa	4,190
Asia	63,975
Afghanistan	1,430
Iran⁸⁸	2,240
Iraq	2,325
Lebanon	910
Syria⁸⁹	3,525
Turkey	1,210
China⁹⁰	7,120
Hong Kong⁹¹	860
Korea, South⁹²	1,650
Taiwan	475
Philippines	4,170
Viet Nam	3,525
Bangladesh	1,000
India	18,280
Pakistan	6,140
Sri Lanka	870
Other places of birth in Asia	8,250
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	480
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	27,840
Americas	2,805
Brazil	695
Colombia	260
Haiti	20
Jamaica	310
Mexico	115
United States of America	595
Venezuela⁹⁵	200
Other places of birth in Americas	610
Europe	2,005
France	55
Germany	175
Ireland⁹⁶	45
Italy	30
Russian Federation	210
Ukraine	325
United Kingdom⁸⁷	235
Other places of birth in Europe	925
Africa	5,525
Algeria	0
Burundi	10
Cameroon	65
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	95
Côte d'Ivoire	15
Egypt	220
Eritrea	2,215
Ethiopia	480
Morocco	10
Nigeria	945
Somalia	260
South Africa, Republic of	200
Sudan⁹⁷	325
Tunisia	30
Other places of birth in Africa	660
Asia	17,410
Afghanistan	285
Bangladesh	195
China⁹⁰	1,440
Hong Kong⁹¹	45
India	6,580
Iran⁸⁸	400
Iraq	545
Israel	295
Japan	85
Jordan	220
Korea, South⁹²	280
Lebanon	180
Nepal	45
Pakistan	1,000
Philippines	1,015
Saudi Arabia	320
Sri Lanka	95
Syria⁸⁹	2,500
Turkey	755
United Arab Emirates	245
Viet Nam	300
Other places of birth in Asia	575
Oceania and other⁹³	100
Australia	75
Other places of birth⁹⁸	25
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	579,385
First generation¹⁰⁰	174,480
Second generation¹⁰¹	120,375
Third generation or more¹⁰²	284,530
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	118,320
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	52,915
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	21,550
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	31,370
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	31,640
Refugees¹⁰⁸	32,725
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	1,035
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	118,320
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	6,735
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	9,110
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	2,955
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	6,825
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	535
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	92,155
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	579,380
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	159,060
South Asian	55,380
Chinese	17,235
Black	26,590
Filipino	5,990
Arab	10,960
Latin American	12,810
Southeast Asian	10,535
West Asian	6,040
Korean	3,155
Japanese	1,245
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	4,065
Multiple visible minorities	5,070
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	420,325
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	579,385
Canadian	74,710
English	105,330
Irish	86,040
Scottish	86,380
French, n.o.s.¹²²	36,810
German	102,780
Chinese	18,290
Italian	19,730
Indian (India)	31,080
Ukrainian	12,735
Dutch	23,815
Polish	23,490
Québécois	905
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	21,955
Filipino	6,010
French Canadian	6,005
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	9,370
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	4,595
Métis	3,570
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	8,600
Russian	6,230
Norwegian	2,285
Welsh	8,355
Portuguese	19,995
American	5,960
Spanish	5,400
Swedish	2,325
Hungarian	8,325
Acadian	1,360
Pakistani	8,035
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	4,760
Jewish	2,040
Punjabi	4,620
Vietnamese	6,005
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	4,745
Greek	3,710
Jamaican	5,155
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	2,995
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	445
Korean	3,050
Romanian	9,145
Lebanese	1,845
Iranian	2,775
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	3,475
Danish	2,330
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	2,000
Sikh	2,805
Austrian	4,085
Belgian	2,455
Haitian	195
Hindu	4,065
Mexican	2,040
Mennonite	5,840
Swiss	8,130
Finnish	1,855
Sri Lankan	970
Croatian	5,030
Japanese	1,535
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	2,315
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	1,395
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,315
Muslim	3,045
Egyptian	1,760
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	2,660
Tamil	910
Icelandic	555
Colombian	2,305
Moroccan	95
Czech	2,240
Syrian	2,525
Guyanese	3,025
Afghan	2,360
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	1,410
Serbian	6,820
Ojibway	870
Newfoundlander	2,875
Hong Konger	470
Ontarian	3,070
Persian	1,320
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	1,465
Turkish	2,380
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	405
Bangladeshi	1,195
Algerian	70
Brazilian	1,940
Nigerian	1,340
Armenian	1,335
Slovak	1,800
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	1,325
Somali	1,795
Taiwanese	585
Iraqi	1,680
Salvadorean	2,250
African Caribbean	665
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	1,035
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	1,505
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	805
Algonquin	345
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	1,005
Lithuanian	960
South African	740
Australian	635
Palestinian	1,220
Chilean	510
Congolese	350
Nova Scotian	505
Ethiopian	1,585
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	1,005
Peruvian	305
Yoruba	825
Cambodian (Khmer)	600
Berber	155
Albanian	1,135
Maltese	790
Macedonian	730
Slovenian	1,120
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	615
New Brunswicker	295
Gujarati	1,785
Eritrean	3,240
African Canadian	465
Israeli	360
Mohawk	445
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	560
Bulgarian	635
Albertan	55
Ghanaian	495
Barbadian	585
African American	290
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	1,145
Tunisian	55
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	655
Cuban	550
Bosnian	1,485
Venezuelan	370
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	25
Latvian	550
Bengali	445
Cameroonian	120
Guatemalan	840
Indonesian	355
Laotian	1,970
Ilocano	160
Northern Irish	625
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	300
British Columbian	50
Ecuadorian	275
Franco Ontarian	245
Argentinian	365
Estonian	555
Kurdish	910
Fijian	30
Jatt	335
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	375
Coptic	420
Thai	465
Dominican	375
Nepali	555
Kabyle	25
Assyrian	375
Igbo	240
Byelorussian	320
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	105
Abenaki	40
Moldovan	290
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	100
New Zealander	240
Sudanese	810
Breton	25
Pennsylvania Dutch	1,900
Malaysian	205
Plains Cree	10
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	105
Huron (Wendat)	50
Saskatchewanian	45
Buddhist	350
Gaspesian	35
Norman	75
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	355
Ivorian	20
Saulteaux	15
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	155
Burundian	35
Tigrinya	1,095
Nicaraguan	835
Mauritian	135
Kenyan	265
Oji-Cree	10
Vincentian	160
Jordanian	365
Manitoban	55
Cape Bretoner	220
Rwandan	65
Grenadian	140
Malayali	450
Chaldean	130
Sinhalese	190
Mayan	285
Honduran	230
Cherokee	95
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	110
Indo-Caribbean	270
Flemish	155
United Empire Loyalist	245
Senegalese	20
Azerbaijani	200
Sicilian	175
Pashtun	445
Malay	85
Goan	140
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	50
Tibetan	25
Zimbabwean	245
Burmese	480
Mongolian	75
Azorean	575
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	270
Ugandan	100
Oromo	305
Tanzanian	135
Yemeni	130
Central African	30
Libyan	375
Basque	50
Uruguayan	115
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	140
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	135
Igorot	65
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	15
Guinean	40
St. Lucian	125
Prince Edward Islander	75
Maliseet	15
Beninese	0
Telugu	140
Roma	135
Costa Rican	140
African Nova Scotian	45
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	70
Singaporean	80
Karen	65
Edo	115
Tajik	185
Amhara	285
Paraguayan	70
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	579,380
Buddhist	5,600
Christian	307,540
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	50,360
Anabaptist	12,540
Anglican	17,280
Baptist	8,360
Catholic	131,270
Christian Orthodox	16,220
Jehovah's Witness	1,975
Latter Day Saints	865
Lutheran	16,740
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	1,840
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	8,070
Presbyterian	9,980
Reformed	1,775
United Church	17,810
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	12,445
Hindu	19,595
Jewish	1,490
Muslim	38,675
Sikh	12,310
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	125
Other religions and spiritual traditions	4,460
No religion and secular perspectives	189,585
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	573,405
Non-movers	496,640
Movers	76,765
Non-migrants	40,145
Migrants	36,620
Internal migrants	30,890
Intraprovincial migrants	28,865
Interprovincial migrants	2,020
External migrants	5,735
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	547,965
Non-movers	321,625
Movers	226,330
Non-migrants	79,560
Migrants	146,775
Internal migrants	107,635
Intraprovincial migrants	98,235
Interprovincial migrants	9,400
External migrants	39,140
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	478,140
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	85,125
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	393,015
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	314,490
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	34,285
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	280,205
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	478,145
No certificate, diploma or degree	78,015
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	132,725
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	267,400
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	130,665
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	24,750
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	11,200
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	13,550
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	96,815
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	9,105
Bachelor's degree or higher	136,735
Bachelor's degree	89,560
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	7,805
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,750
Master's degree	30,315
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	6,305
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	314,490
No certificate, diploma or degree	30,300
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	74,935
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	209,260
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	98,655
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	16,940
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	7,450
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	9,485
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	75,305
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,410
Bachelor's degree or higher	110,600
Bachelor's degree	70,740
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	6,270
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,285
Master's degree	26,110
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	5,200
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	478,145
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	210,740
Education	13,185
13. Education	13,185
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	8,370
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	780
50. Visual and performing arts	7,590
Humanities	17,395
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	1,230
23. English language and literature/letters	4,450
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	4,680
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	430
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,355
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,080
54. History	2,330
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	845
Social and behavioural sciences and law	32,845
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	405
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	4,185
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	5,925
22. Legal professions and studies	3,970
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	940
42. Psychology	5,590
45. Social sciences	11,830
Business, management and public administration	52,805
30.16 Accounting and computer science	100
44. Public administration and social service professions	4,630
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	48,075
Physical and life sciences and technologies	12,105
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	4,815
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	2,840
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	195
40. Physical sciences	3,770
41. Science technologies/technicians	490
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	18,440
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	13,345
25. Library science	705
27. Mathematics and statistics	3,795
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	595
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	58,055
04. Architecture and related services	1,865
14. Engineering	19,595
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	13,600
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	7,665
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	8,260
48. Precision production	7,070
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	5,600
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	3,475
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,120
Health and related fields	34,285
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	4,075
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	29,510
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	105
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	595
Personal, protective and transportation services	13,970
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	7,430
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	70
43. Security and protective services	4,460
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,000
Other¹⁷⁹	360
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	314,490
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	105,235
Education	9,600
13. Education	9,600
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	6,640
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	555
50. Visual and performing arts	6,080
Humanities	13,020
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	925
23. English language and literature/letters	3,445
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,410
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	310
38. Philosophy and religious studies	980
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,495
54. History	1,845
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	605
Social and behavioural sciences and law	26,045
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	345
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	3,540
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	4,740
22. Legal professions and studies	3,240
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	755
42. Psychology	4,075
45. Social sciences	9,350
Business, management and public administration	42,205
30.16 Accounting and computer science	75
44. Public administration and social service professions	3,755
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	38,375
Physical and life sciences and technologies	9,360
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	3,810
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	2,105
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	165
40. Physical sciences	2,935
41. Science technologies/technicians	340
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15,360
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	11,580
25. Library science	500
27. Mathematics and statistics	2,815
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	455
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	44,970
04. Architecture and related services	1,560
14. Engineering	16,220
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10,795
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10
46. Construction trades	5,430
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	5,960
48. Precision production	5,000
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	4,455
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	2,680
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,775
Health and related fields	26,320
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	3,225
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	22,535
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	100
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	460
Personal, protective and transportation services	11,005
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	5,685
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30
43. Security and protective services	3,750
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,535
Other¹⁷⁹	285
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	314,490
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	105,235
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	209,255
Location of study inside Canada	164,165
Same as province or territory of residence	155,615
Different than province or territory of residence	8,560
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	45,090
Americas	8,970
United States of America	5,170
Mexico	380
Cuba	160
Haiti	10
Jamaica	245
Brazil	1,065
Colombia	865
Peru	40
Venezuela⁹⁵	130
Other locations of study in Americas	900
Europe	9,295
Belgium	25
France	280
Germany	460
Netherlands	170
Switzerland	75
Hungary	145
Moldova¹⁸³	100
Poland	700
Romania	1,525
Russian Federation	445
Ukraine	500
Ireland⁹⁶	155
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,485
Bosnia and Herzegovina	450
Italy	105
Serbia⁸⁶	505
Other locations of study in Europe	1,170
Africa	2,670
Nigeria	640
Algeria	30
Morocco	40
Tunisia	25
Egypt	585
South Africa, Republic of	245
Other locations of study in Africa	1,105
Asia	23,320
Iran⁸⁸	720
Iraq	485
Israel	105
Lebanon	180
Syria⁸⁹	485
Turkey	420
China⁹⁰	2,395
Taiwan	105
Hong Kong⁹¹	110
Japan	245
Korea, South⁹²	940
Philippines	2,030
Viet Nam	230
Bangladesh	315
Sri Lanka	195
India	11,350
Pakistan	1,840
Other locations of study in Asia	1,165
Oceania	835
Australia	730
New Zealand	105
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	478,145
In the labour force	317,990
Employed	283,810
Unemployed	34,175
Not in the labour force	160,155
Participation rate	66.5
Employment rate	59.4
Unemployment rate	10.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	478,145
Did not work¹⁸⁶	160,700
Worked	317,445
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	176,075
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	141,370
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	317,990
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	7,635
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	310,350
Employee	271,655
Permanent position	233,765
Temporary position	37,895
Fixed term (1 year or more)	12,735
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	25,160
Self-employed¹⁹²	38,695
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	317,990
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	7,635
All occupations¹⁹¹	310,350
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	3,655
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	51,635
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	35,725
3 Health occupations	19,660
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	34,830
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	8,115
6 Sales and service occupations	71,920
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	51,655
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	5,975
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	27,180
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	317,990
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	7,635
All industries¹⁹¹	310,350
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	4,440
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	370
22 Utilities	1,495
23 Construction	22,600
31-33 Manufacturing	47,950
41 Wholesale trade	11,415
44-45 Retail trade	33,030
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	15,035
51 Information and cultural industries	8,385
52 Finance and insurance	18,065
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	4,865
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	29,350
55 Management of companies and enterprises	1,140
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	13,110
61 Educational services	27,060
62 Health care and social assistance	31,820
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	4,025
72 Accommodation and food services	15,400
81 Other services (except public administration)	10,790
91 Public administration	10,005
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	339,565
English	324,190
French	525
Non-official language	2,710
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	2,710
English and French	3,605
English and non-official language(s)	8,260
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	210
Multiple non-official languages	65
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	339,565
Single responses	337,660
Official languages	333,330
English	332,285
French	1,050
Non-official languages	4,330
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,330
Afro-Asiatic languages	295
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	15
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	280
Amharic	0
Arabic	235
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	35
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	150
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	150
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	40
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	20
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	10
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	2,830
Albanian	25
Armenian	10
Balto-Slavic languages	260
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	255
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	50
Russian	60
Serbo-Croatian	85
Bosnian	10
Croatian	10
Serbian	65
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	50
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	1,620
Frisian	0
High German languages	1,530
German	680
Pennsylvania German	835
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	85
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	85
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	420
Indo-Aryan languages	370
Bengali	0
Gujarati	30
Hindi	55
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	245
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	25
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	55
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	40
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	40
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	500
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	160
Romanian	70
Spanish	275
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	35
Korean	90
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	60
American Sign Language	55
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	775
Chinese languages	775
Hakka	0
Mandarin	690
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	70
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	25
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	25
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	1,895
English and French	515
English and non-official language(s)	1,365
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15
Multiple non-official languages	15
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	339,565
None	329,105
English	1,990
French	2,595
Non-official language	4,890
Indigenous³⁹	20
Non-Indigenous	4,870
English and French	10
English and non-official language(s)	90
French and non-official language(s)	160
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	725
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	283,815
Worked at home	82,225
Worked outside Canada	995
No fixed workplace address	29,020
Usual place of work	171,575
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	171,575
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	81,150
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	58,690
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	31,430
Commute to a different province or territory	305
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	200,590
Car, truck or van	178,625
Car, truck or van - as a driver	163,280
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	15,345
Public transit	9,110
Walked	7,365
Bicycle	1,420
Other method	4,065
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	200,590
Less than 15 minutes	64,350
15 to 29 minutes	83,390
30 to 44 minutes	30,100
45 to 59 minutes	9,890
60 minutes and over	12,860
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	200,590
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	17,645
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	38,690
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	45,045
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	38,500
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	23,650
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	37,060
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	124,585
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,880
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	115,705
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	90,680
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,820
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	4,125
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,695
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	83,865

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 6, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table