Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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Age
Age characteristics
Commuting
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Place of work status
Time leaving for work
Education
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Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Ethnocultural and religious diversity
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Ethnic or cultural origin
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Families, households, and marital status
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Family characteristics
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Immigration, place of birth, and citizenship
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Pre-admission experience
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Income
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Income of economic families in 2020
Income of households in 2020
Income of individuals in 2019
Income of individuals in 2020
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Indigenous peoples
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Indigenous population
Instruction in the minority official language
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Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Labour
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Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Labour force status
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Work activity during the reference year
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Language used most often at work
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Mobility and migration
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Population and dwelling counts
Population and dwellings
Type of dwelling
Household and dwelling characteristics
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Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 20211 1,017,449 ... ... 2,794,356 ... ... 1,762,949 ... ... 36,991,981 ... ... 14,223,942 ... ...
Population, 20161 934,243 ... ... 2,731,571 ... ... 1,704,694 ... ... 35,151,728 ... ... 13,448,494 ... ...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021 8.9 ... ... 2.3 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 5.2 ... ... 5.8 ... ...
Total private dwellings2 427,113 ... ... 1,253,238 ... ... 878,542 ... ... 16,284,235 ... ... 5,929,250 ... ...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents3 407,252 ... ... 1,160,892 ... ... 816,338 ... ... 14,978,941 ... ... 5,491,201 ... ...
Population density per square kilometre 364.9 ... ... 4,427.8 ... ... 4,833.5 ... ... 4.2 ... ... 15.9 ... ...
Land area in square kilometres 2,788.20 ... ... 631.10 ... ... 364.74 ... ... 8,788,702.80 ... ... 892,411.76 ... ...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data 1,017,445 496,045 521,405 2,794,355 1,350,865 1,443,490 1,762,950 867,975 894,980 36,991,980 18,226,240 18,765,740 14,223,945 6,970,855 7,253,085
0 to 14 years 166,920 84,820 82,105 384,295 197,395 186,900 270,430 138,255 132,170 6,012,795 3,086,510 2,926,285 2,251,795 1,155,630 1,096,160
0 to 4 years 48,790 24,600 24,195 123,550 63,380 60,170 88,670 45,335 43,335 1,831,195 938,790 892,405 683,515 350,035 333,480
5 to 9 years 57,410 29,290 28,125 129,040 66,350 62,690 93,325 47,700 45,620 2,054,900 1,054,240 1,000,655 764,430 392,380 372,050
10 to 14 years 60,720 30,930 29,790 131,710 67,665 64,040 88,435 45,220 43,215 2,126,705 1,093,480 1,033,225 803,850 413,215 390,635
15 to 64 years 678,375 333,520 344,850 1,933,075 945,475 987,600 1,197,045 603,075 593,965 23,957,760 11,915,050 12,042,710 9,334,440 4,616,340 4,718,100
15 to 19 years 60,385 30,685 29,705 134,810 69,135 65,675 82,475 41,675 40,805 2,012,975 1,036,730 976,240 801,455 413,485 387,970
20 to 24 years 70,785 35,910 34,875 185,650 93,740 91,915 125,235 63,220 62,015 2,202,255 1,138,825 1,063,430 895,600 465,525 430,075
25 to 29 years 72,830 36,540 36,295 243,955 121,370 122,585 153,995 77,680 76,315 2,421,510 1,228,135 1,193,370 975,400 497,185 478,215
30 to 34 years 70,190 34,670 35,520 246,785 122,845 123,935 146,855 73,810 73,040 2,518,835 1,252,795 1,266,040 981,210 487,465 493,745
35 to 39 years 69,520 33,780 35,735 213,810 105,070 108,740 135,880 67,835 68,040 2,511,345 1,238,515 1,272,835 948,030 463,170 484,860
40 to 44 years 65,890 31,520 34,370 185,820 88,905 96,910 127,165 63,885 63,285 2,399,405 1,175,875 1,223,530 890,160 427,860 462,295
45 to 49 years 66,240 31,705 34,540 175,875 82,600 93,275 110,130 55,495 54,630 2,304,170 1,129,185 1,174,985 894,580 430,580 464,005
50 to 54 years 67,265 32,775 34,490 184,060 87,130 96,925 105,545 54,115 51,435 2,368,350 1,161,665 1,206,685 941,270 455,420 485,845
55 to 59 years 71,465 35,225 36,235 191,380 92,710 98,665 108,040 55,305 52,730 2,647,330 1,299,975 1,347,350 1,040,160 507,700 532,465
60 to 64 years 63,795 30,710 33,090 170,935 81,960 88,970 101,725 50,055 51,670 2,571,580 1,253,335 1,318,245 966,575 467,955 498,625
65 years and over 172,150 77,700 94,455 476,985 207,995 268,990 295,475 126,635 168,845 7,021,430 3,224,680 3,796,750 2,637,710 1,198,880 1,438,825
65 to 69 years 52,355 24,910 27,445 141,550 65,525 76,025 85,025 40,115 44,915 2,210,970 1,065,305 1,145,665 813,215 386,325 426,890
70 to 74 years 45,375 21,150 24,230 118,910 53,985 64,930 72,300 32,855 39,445 1,847,585 879,850 967,735 691,280 325,435 365,840
75 to 79 years 30,940 14,100 16,840 81,880 36,035 45,850 52,720 22,645 30,075 1,260,930 589,090 671,845 469,485 217,485 252,000
80 to 84 years 21,080 9,190 11,890 62,790 26,000 36,785 39,395 15,780 23,610 840,545 370,905 469,645 325,110 143,070 182,045
85 years and over 22,395 8,350 14,050 71,855 26,455 45,400 46,035 15,250 30,790 861,395 319,540 541,860 338,620 126,565 212,050
85 to 89 years 13,385 5,445 7,940 42,430 16,995 25,435 27,835 10,185 17,655 525,445 212,735 312,705 205,480 83,875 121,605
90 to 94 years 6,775 2,305 4,470 22,155 7,545 14,610 14,360 4,155 10,205 258,035 87,300 170,735 101,430 34,715 66,710
95 to 99 years 1,960 540 1,415 6,400 1,720 4,675 3,375 825 2,560 68,380 17,670 50,715 28,000 7,235 20,770
100 years and over 275 55 220 875 195 680 465 90 375 9,535 1,830 7,710 3,705 745 2,965
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 16.4 17.1 15.7 13.8 14.6 12.9 15.3 15.9 14.8 16.3 16.9 15.6 15.8 16.6 15.1
15 to 64 years 66.7 67.2 66.1 69.2 70.0 68.4 67.9 69.5 66.4 64.8 65.4 64.2 65.6 66.2 65.0
65 years and over 16.9 15.7 18.1 17.1 15.4 18.6 16.8 14.6 18.9 19.0 17.7 20.2 18.5 17.2 19.8
85 years and over 2.2 1.7 2.7 2.6 2.0 3.1 2.6 1.8 3.4 2.3 1.8 2.9 2.4 1.8 2.9
Average age of the population 40.7 39.8 41.5 41.5 40.3 42.6 40.6 39.5 41.7 41.9 41.0 42.8 41.8 40.7 42.8
Median age of the population 40.0 38.8 40.8 39.6 38.4 41.2 38.8 38.0 39.6 41.6 40.4 42.8 41.6 40.0 42.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data 407,250 ... ... 1,160,890 ... ... 816,340 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 5,491,200 ... ...
Single-detached house 169,760 ... ... 270,490 ... ... 58,065 ... ... 7,872,310 ... ... 2,942,990 ... ...
Semi-detached house 21,675 ... ... 71,955 ... ... 25,740 ... ... 746,560 ... ... 303,260 ... ...
Row house 87,045 ... ... 62,915 ... ... 26,175 ... ... 980,110 ... ... 505,265 ... ...
Apartment or flat in a duplex 7,595 ... ... 47,810 ... ... 107,565 ... ... 821,490 ... ... 181,030 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys 43,025 ... ... 162,245 ... ... 464,420 ... ... 2,738,020 ... ... 548,785 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys 76,895 ... ... 542,625 ... ... 130,615 ... ... 1,596,155 ... ... 984,665 ... ...
Other single-attached house 460 ... ... 2,770 ... ... 3,350 ... ... 34,880 ... ... 10,220 ... ...
Movable dwelling4 795 ... ... 85 ... ... 415 ... ... 189,420 ... ... 14,985 ... ...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data 407,255 ... ... 1,160,895 ... ... 816,335 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 5,491,205 ... ...
1 person 116,370 ... ... 385,765 ... ... 341,345 ... ... 4,396,015 ... ... 1,452,540 ... ...
2 persons 135,365 ... ... 353,415 ... ... 242,175 ... ... 5,124,800 ... ... 1,798,040 ... ...
3 persons 61,740 ... ... 178,225 ... ... 103,550 ... ... 2,194,825 ... ... 872,480 ... ...
4 persons 59,175 ... ... 147,360 ... ... 82,715 ... ... 2,002,455 ... ... 825,445 ... ...
5 or more persons 34,605 ... ... 96,120 ... ... 46,560 ... ... 1,260,850 ... ... 542,700 ... ...
Number of persons in private households 1,000,935 489,175 511,760 2,761,285 1,336,430 1,424,855 1,723,210 851,575 871,635 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,245 14,031,750 6,887,760 7,143,995
Average household size 2.5 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 2.1 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 2.6 ... ...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data 850,525 411,225 439,305 2,410,060 1,153,470 1,256,590 1,492,520 729,715 762,810 30,979,185 15,139,730 15,839,460 11,972,145 5,815,220 6,156,925
Married or living common-law 474,220 237,030 237,195 1,213,410 610,400 603,015 705,905 356,290 349,615 17,626,005 8,813,405 8,812,595 6,769,725 3,384,485 3,385,240
Married 390,555 194,930 195,630 1,020,980 511,485 509,505 475,835 239,100 236,735 13,725,625 6,859,755 6,865,875 5,738,390 2,866,825 2,871,565
Living common-law 83,660 42,100 41,565 192,430 98,920 93,510 230,070 117,190 112,880 3,900,375 1,953,650 1,946,725 1,031,340 517,665 513,670
Living common law - Never married 63,475 31,825 31,650 155,085 79,230 75,855 196,170 99,370 96,795 2,967,665 1,485,985 1,481,685 727,825 366,175 361,650
Living common law - Separated 3,270 1,850 1,420 5,745 3,350 2,400 2,885 1,655 1,230 123,830 65,045 58,785 55,440 29,445 25,995
Living common law - Divorced 15,380 7,720 7,665 29,020 15,200 13,825 28,550 15,015 13,530 721,715 365,760 355,950 220,445 110,510 109,935
Living common law - Widowed 1,535 705 835 2,580 1,145 1,440 2,465 1,140 1,320 87,165 36,860 50,300 27,625 11,535 16,095
Not married and not living common-law 376,305 174,200 202,110 1,196,645 543,075 653,575 786,615 373,420 413,195 13,353,180 6,326,325 7,026,860 5,202,420 2,430,735 2,771,690
Not married and not living common law - Never married 265,265 139,265 126,000 853,580 437,820 415,760 572,045 304,055 267,990 9,025,865 4,881,410 4,144,455 3,515,215 1,885,705 1,629,515
Not married and not living common law - Separated 22,900 9,375 13,525 67,320 27,225 40,095 31,535 13,590 17,945 741,135 319,045 422,090 333,775 139,675 194,100
Not married and not living common law - Divorced 48,880 17,340 31,545 154,535 55,725 98,805 113,315 41,760 71,560 1,921,880 760,425 1,161,460 695,630 266,865 428,765
Not married and not living common law - Widowed 39,265 8,220 31,045 121,210 22,300 98,910 69,720 14,020 55,700 1,664,295 365,440 1,298,855 657,800 138,495 519,305
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data5 275,395 ... ... 733,225 ... ... 428,615 ... ... 10,262,925 ... ... 3,969,670 ... ...
2 persons 135,105 ... ... 362,160 ... ... 221,015 ... ... 5,306,105 ... ... 1,936,595 ... ...
3 persons 57,890 ... ... 174,070 ... ... 92,715 ... ... 2,147,825 ... ... 877,660 ... ...
4 persons 56,630 ... ... 141,635 ... ... 77,780 ... ... 1,953,035 ... ... 811,380 ... ...
5 or more persons 25,765 ... ... 55,360 ... ... 37,105 ... ... 855,960 ... ... 344,035 ... ...
Average size of census families 2.9 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 2.9 ... ...
Average number of children in census families with children6 1.8 ... ... 1.7 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 1.8 ... ...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data 275,395 ... ... 733,220 ... ... 428,610 ... ... 10,262,925 ... ... 3,969,670 ... ...
Total couple families 231,060 ... ... 580,590 ... ... 338,830 ... ... 8,576,585 ... ... 3,291,560 ... ...
Married couples 189,255 ... ... 484,435 ... ... 223,910 ... ... 6,627,310 ... ... 2,776,165 ... ...
With children6 108,720 ... ... 288,375 ... ... 133,435 ... ... 3,481,775 ... ... 1,571,480 ... ...
Without children 80,535 ... ... 196,060 ... ... 90,475 ... ... 3,145,535 ... ... 1,204,680 ... ...
Common-law couples 41,805 ... ... 96,155 ... ... 114,915 ... ... 1,949,275 ... ... 515,395 ... ...
With children6 12,885 ... ... 24,805 ... ... 41,490 ... ... 808,645 ... ... 189,835 ... ...
Without children 28,920 ... ... 71,350 ... ... 73,430 ... ... 1,140,630 ... ... 325,560 ... ...
Total one-parent families 44,335 ... ... 152,635 ... ... 89,785 ... ... 1,686,340 ... ... 678,110 ... ...
in which the parent is a woman+ 35,065 ... ... 127,560 ... ... 72,595 ... ... 1,302,670 ... ... 538,450 ... ...
in which the parent is a man+ 9,270 ... ... 25,075 ... ... 17,190 ... ... 383,670 ... ... 139,660 ... ...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data 1,000,935 489,175 511,760 2,761,290 1,336,430 1,424,855 1,723,210 851,575 871,630 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,245 14,031,750 6,887,760 7,143,995
Total - Persons in census families 809,960 399,195 410,760 2,108,975 1,030,460 1,078,515 1,231,380 602,840 628,545 29,478,475 14,616,850 14,861,625 11,601,460 5,741,475 5,859,990
Married spouses or common-law partners 462,120 231,290 230,835 1,161,175 584,390 576,785 677,655 341,670 335,985 17,153,165 8,577,610 8,575,560 6,583,120 3,292,585 3,290,525
Parents in one-parent families 44,335 9,270 35,065 152,635 25,075 127,560 89,785 17,190 72,595 1,686,340 383,675 1,302,670 678,110 139,660 538,450
Children6 303,505 158,645 144,860 795,165 420,995 374,170 463,940 243,975 219,965 10,638,965 5,655,570 4,983,400 4,340,235 2,309,225 2,031,005
In a two-parent family 231,930 120,770 111,160 560,345 295,780 264,560 329,670 172,390 157,285 8,024,590 4,238,785 3,785,805 3,281,460 1,736,630 1,544,825
In a one-parent family 71,570 37,870 33,700 234,820 125,210 109,615 134,270 71,585 62,680 2,614,375 1,416,785 1,197,595 1,058,775 572,595 486,185
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data 190,980 89,975 101,000 652,310 305,970 346,345 491,830 248,740 243,090 6,850,005 3,320,385 3,529,620 2,430,295 1,146,280 1,284,010
Living alone 116,365 51,045 65,325 385,765 172,230 213,540 341,350 165,410 175,935 4,396,015 2,048,495 2,347,520 1,452,540 651,180 801,365
Living with other relatives7 25,225 10,585 14,640 93,005 36,350 56,655 45,070 20,400 24,670 927,345 393,085 534,260 388,780 155,465 233,320
Living with non-relatives only 49,385 28,350 21,035 173,540 97,395 76,150 105,415 62,925 42,485 1,526,645 878,800 647,840 588,970 339,640 249,325
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data 407,255 ... ... 1,160,895 ... ... 816,335 ... ... 14,978,945 ... ... 5,491,200 ... ...
One-census-family households without additional persons 245,945 ... ... 608,930 ... ... 394,155 ... ... 8,932,695 ... ... 3,347,195 ... ...
Couple-family households 210,295 ... ... 493,770 ... ... 317,105 ... ... 7,627,195 ... ... 2,841,660 ... ...
With children6 110,890 ... ... 265,950 ... ... 163,645 ... ... 3,789,795 ... ... 1,517,365 ... ...
Without children 99,405 ... ... 227,825 ... ... 153,460 ... ... 3,837,400 ... ... 1,324,295 ... ...
One-parent-family households 35,650 ... ... 115,160 ... ... 77,045 ... ... 1,305,500 ... ... 505,535 ... ...
Multigenerational households8 9,915 ... ... 40,515 ... ... 11,240 ... ... 441,745 ... ... 221,120 ... ...
Multiple-census-family households9 1,870 ... ... 9,920 ... ... 1,730 ... ... 94,235 ... ... 45,215 ... ...
One-census-family households with additional persons9 10,995 ... ... 41,030 ... ... 14,975 ... ... 450,415 ... ... 184,430 ... ...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households 22,155 ... ... 74,730 ... ... 52,900 ... ... 663,835 ... ... 240,700 ... ...
One-person households 116,370 ... ... 385,765 ... ... 341,345 ... ... 4,396,015 ... ... 1,452,540 ... ...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data10 834,205 404,450 429,755 2,377,950 1,139,545 1,238,405 1,453,280 713,595 739,685 30,336,135 14,861,555 15,474,575 11,782,845 5,733,680 6,049,160
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 799,200 386,555 412,640 2,267,990 1,084,035 1,183,950 1,396,100 685,155 710,950 29,241,810 14,316,155 14,925,660 11,294,815 5,485,375 5,809,440
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 50,000 55,600 45,600 39,200 42,000 37,200 36,800 38,800 35,600 41,200 46,400 36,800 41,200 46,000 37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 799,650 386,770 412,875 2,268,960 1,084,545 1,184,415 1,396,475 685,330 711,145 29,256,180 14,323,750 14,932,425 11,300,805 5,488,490 5,812,320
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 44,000 48,400 40,800 36,000 38,000 34,400 33,200 34,400 32,400 36,800 40,800 33,600 37,200 41,200 34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 728,470 358,275 370,195 1,971,475 961,465 1,010,015 1,227,255 612,060 615,200 26,045,500 13,010,250 13,035,250 10,010,415 4,968,685 5,041,730
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 46,800 54,000 40,800 35,600 40,400 31,600 30,200 34,000 26,600 35,200 42,400 29,200 36,000 43,200 29,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 592,955 300,705 292,250 1,628,895 818,820 810,075 1,021,705 527,390 494,315 21,127,615 10,906,485 10,221,130 8,153,180 4,198,670 3,954,510
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 47,600 52,400 42,800 38,800 42,800 34,800 32,400 35,200 29,400 37,200 43,200 32,000 38,000 43,600 32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 708,155 336,015 372,140 2,073,950 980,850 1,093,100 1,175,325 551,265 624,060 25,401,740 12,065,555 13,336,180 10,239,835 4,910,535 5,329,295
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 6,650 4,840 8,300 8,500 6,600 9,900 10,700 9,500 11,900 9,800 8,500 11,000 8,900 6,850 10,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 56,350 24,065 32,285 215,780 93,240 122,550 157,000 78,185 78,815 3,185,840 1,548,250 1,637,590 1,054,225 467,500 586,725
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 5,720 5,480 6,000 5,560 5,520 5,600 5,520 5,480 5,640 5,720 5,760 5,720 5,600 5,520 5,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 197,900 96,185 101,715 751,475 369,900 381,575 472,820 247,320 225,500 8,373,550 4,140,705 4,232,845 3,327,770 1,623,900 1,703,870
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 8,000 8,000 8,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data11 834,140 404,315 429,825 2,377,950 1,139,355 1,238,590 1,453,295 713,745 739,550 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,670 11,782,820 5,733,360 6,049,460
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 799,175 386,475 412,700 2,268,720 1,084,315 1,184,405 1,396,365 685,790 710,575 29,242,935 14,316,595 14,926,335 11,296,770 5,486,720 5,810,050
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 64,500 73,000 56,650 62,050 71,900 53,000 50,120 55,450 45,000 54,450 62,650 46,560 56,350 64,900 48,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 799,595 386,675 412,920 2,269,665 1,084,780 1,184,885 1,396,760 685,970 710,790 29,257,325 14,324,165 14,933,160 11,302,690 5,489,710 5,812,980
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 52,450 58,100 47,200 49,080 54,800 43,880 40,680 43,560 37,880 44,920 50,320 39,680 46,280 51,900 41,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 728,550 358,535 370,020 1,972,460 962,230 1,010,235 1,226,320 612,170 614,155 26,047,020 13,011,765 13,035,250 10,011,345 4,970,240 5,041,105
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 61,750 71,000 52,750 60,300 71,400 49,720 45,560 52,350 38,800 50,240 59,500 41,000 52,700 62,350 43,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 592,955 301,070 291,890 1,628,885 818,905 809,980 1,021,715 527,765 493,950 21,127,690 10,908,965 10,218,725 8,153,185 4,198,665 3,954,515
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 60,650 68,000 53,150 60,100 70,100 50,040 46,120 51,700 40,200 50,280 58,050 42,000 52,600 60,500 44,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 708,130 336,085 372,045 2,074,670 981,145 1,093,525 1,174,640 550,810 623,830 25,397,565 12,061,765 13,335,800 10,242,610 4,912,020 5,330,580
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 9,340 8,240 10,340 10,500 9,390 11,490 12,020 10,830 13,080 11,170 10,180 12,060 10,640 9,440 11,740
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 55,125 23,630 31,500 214,715 93,140 121,570 156,980 78,065 78,920 3,179,395 1,544,580 1,634,815 1,052,985 466,380 586,605
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 6,990 5,815 7,870 6,470 5,970 6,840 6,800 6,070 7,510 7,050 6,710 7,370 6,640 6,120 7,060
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 196,650 95,610 101,040 751,260 370,340 380,925 471,875 247,465 224,410 8,346,145 4,128,810 4,217,340 3,321,155 1,619,825 1,701,335
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 9,100 9,140 9,080 10,060 10,090 10,030 9,130 9,180 9,080 8,920 8,740 9,100 9,300 9,150 9,450
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data12 834,140 404,315 429,820 2,377,945 1,139,355 1,238,590 1,453,295 713,750 739,550 30,335,920 14,861,250 15,474,670 11,782,825 5,733,365 6,049,460
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 313,220 168,925 144,295 764,215 409,545 354,675 452,020 244,470 207,545 9,912,810 5,493,720 4,419,090 3,865,695 2,145,810 1,719,885
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 77,500 83,000 72,500 69,500 74,000 65,500 58,400 61,600 55,200 63,600 69,000 58,000 67,000 72,000 61,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 90,800 98,400 82,000 95,900 107,900 82,000 74,000 81,500 65,100 77,200 85,400 67,000 82,400 90,700 72,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 211,910 98,085 113,830 628,025 294,775 333,255 450,610 222,280 228,330 8,426,645 3,988,060 4,438,585 3,112,160 1,451,440 1,660,720
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 17,000 17,600 16,400 17,200 18,200 16,400 16,400 17,400 15,600 18,400 21,000 16,600 17,400 19,400 16,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 29,480 32,400 26,960 31,080 35,560 27,160 26,120 28,320 24,020 29,160 33,960 24,860 28,520 32,760 24,820
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data17 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%)18 87.2 90.2 83.6 84.6 88.2 80.0 79.8 84.4 74.4 82.2 86.4 76.8 82.8 87.0 77.8
Employment income (%)19 69.8 72.6 66.4 69.6 73.6 64.6 67.4 71.8 62.1 66.8 70.6 61.7 67.4 71.4 62.3
Government transfers (%)20 12.8 9.8 16.4 15.5 11.8 20.0 20.2 15.7 25.5 17.8 13.7 23.1 17.1 13.0 22.3
Employment insurance benefits (%) 0.8 0.5 1.1 1.0 0.7 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.9 1.4 1.2 1.7 1.1 0.8 1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%) 4.0 3.4 4.7 5.9 5.1 6.9 6.9 6.5 7.4 5.4 4.5 6.6 5.5 4.5 6.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%) 3.5 3.1 3.9 5.4 4.8 6.1 6.2 6.0 6.4 4.7 4.0 5.5 4.9 4.2 5.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data21 834,205 404,455 429,750 2,377,950 1,139,540 1,238,410 1,453,280 713,595 739,680 30,336,130 14,861,555 15,474,580 11,782,845 5,733,685 6,049,165
Without total income 35,010 17,895 17,110 109,960 55,505 54,450 57,180 28,440 28,735 1,094,320 545,400 548,915 488,030 248,310 239,725
With total income 799,195 386,555 412,645 2,267,990 1,084,035 1,183,955 1,396,100 685,155 710,945 29,241,815 14,316,150 14,925,660 11,294,815 5,485,375 5,809,440
Under $10,000 (including loss) 64,735 28,505 36,225 211,890 95,345 116,545 120,165 57,640 62,520 2,434,730 1,058,420 1,376,310 977,950 423,650 554,300
$10,000 to $19,999 81,905 35,885 46,020 278,135 128,640 149,490 179,185 83,775 95,410 3,448,185 1,445,240 2,002,945 1,383,475 596,755 786,720
$20,000 to $29,999 99,655 44,000 55,660 383,760 173,415 210,345 259,695 119,565 140,135 4,635,650 2,018,080 2,617,570 1,752,040 763,295 988,745
$30,000 to $39,999 82,070 36,275 45,795 278,910 123,895 155,015 194,585 93,585 101,000 3,723,680 1,648,300 2,075,375 1,388,215 609,735 778,480
$40,000 to $49,999 72,320 32,145 40,180 221,305 99,630 121,675 163,390 78,450 84,940 3,290,715 1,529,960 1,760,755 1,190,885 547,655 643,230
$50,000 to $59,999 65,745 29,095 36,650 177,155 80,720 96,430 123,115 58,355 64,755 2,677,465 1,302,135 1,375,330 985,270 468,060 517,205
$60,000 to $69,999 60,485 27,925 32,560 138,600 65,425 73,180 88,460 43,350 45,110 2,073,335 1,086,545 986,795 782,980 396,770 386,210
$70,000 to $79,999 51,755 25,620 26,135 111,165 54,305 56,865 64,815 33,230 31,590 1,592,465 887,985 704,480 612,620 331,080 281,545
$80,000 to $89,999 44,255 23,120 21,140 90,210 47,155 43,055 50,645 26,325 24,320 1,239,395 708,430 530,965 477,445 271,290 206,150
$90,000 to $99,999 36,745 19,310 17,430 73,405 38,500 34,900 36,060 19,280 16,785 965,950 553,435 412,510 385,830 218,395 167,435
$100,000 and over 139,520 84,675 54,845 303,450 176,995 126,450 115,980 71,595 44,385 3,160,245 2,077,620 1,082,625 1,358,115 858,695 499,415
$100,000 to $149,999 96,335 55,110 41,225 174,940 95,315 79,625 74,835 44,155 30,680 2,102,630 1,319,110 783,520 897,615 538,590 359,025
$150,000 and over 43,185 29,565 13,625 128,510 81,685 46,825 41,145 27,440 13,705 1,057,615 758,510 299,105 460,495 320,105 140,395
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data22 834,205 404,455 429,750 2,377,950 1,139,540 1,238,410 1,453,280 713,595 739,680 30,336,130 14,861,555 15,474,580 11,782,845 5,733,685 6,049,165
Without after-tax income 34,560 17,680 16,875 108,985 54,995 53,995 56,805 28,265 28,535 1,079,955 537,800 542,155 482,035 245,195 236,845
With after-tax income 799,645 386,770 412,875 2,268,965 1,084,545 1,184,420 1,396,475 685,335 711,140 29,256,180 14,323,750 14,932,430 11,300,805 5,488,490 5,812,315
Under $10,000 (including loss) 68,945 29,655 39,285 219,695 98,860 120,830 124,825 59,490 65,335 2,561,695 1,100,975 1,460,725 1,025,995 440,280 585,715
$10,000 to $19,999 85,505 37,495 48,015 290,385 135,125 155,265 188,395 88,605 99,785 3,608,250 1,521,395 2,086,855 1,442,850 625,100 817,750
$20,000 to $29,999 112,255 50,030 62,225 427,315 192,875 234,435 303,115 142,120 161,000 5,294,505 2,321,660 2,972,845 1,967,040 859,195 1,107,840
$30,000 to $39,999 96,660 43,605 53,055 317,215 143,540 173,680 231,960 113,680 118,280 4,442,970 2,035,725 2,407,250 1,621,120 733,430 887,690
$40,000 to $49,999 87,825 38,985 48,840 254,390 116,075 138,315 183,475 88,390 95,090 3,798,710 1,839,700 1,959,005 1,384,490 655,400 729,090
$50,000 to $59,999 80,210 36,915 43,295 191,895 89,410 102,485 123,490 59,975 63,515 2,833,120 1,471,200 1,361,920 1,068,365 535,895 532,470
$60,000 to $69,999 65,560 32,530 33,030 144,175 71,035 73,140 81,775 41,055 40,725 2,020,895 1,114,110 906,790 782,135 422,645 359,495
$70,000 to $79,999 53,935 28,340 25,590 107,625 56,265 51,360 52,690 27,360 25,330 1,428,520 814,645 613,875 572,210 325,895 246,315
$80,000 to $89,999 45,245 23,750 21,495 85,860 43,655 42,210 32,505 18,175 14,325 1,027,015 592,405 434,605 457,650 249,665 207,980
$90,000 to $99,999 32,110 18,430 13,680 54,710 29,750 24,955 21,155 12,260 8,890 643,700 402,325 241,380 280,640 169,480 111,160
$100,000 and over 71,395 47,035 24,360 175,685 107,950 67,735 53,090 34,210 18,885 1,596,790 1,109,610 487,185 698,310 471,495 226,815
$100,000 to $124,999 38,570 24,160 14,415 72,650 41,585 31,060 25,835 15,730 10,105 792,455 530,970 261,490 344,450 223,970 120,480
$125,000 and over 32,825 22,880 9,945 103,035 66,370 36,670 27,260 18,485 8,775 804,335 578,645 225,695 353,860 247,525 106,335
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data19 834,205 404,455 429,750 2,377,950 1,139,540 1,238,410 1,453,280 713,595 739,680 30,336,130 14,861,555 15,474,580 11,782,845 5,733,685 6,049,165
Without employment income 241,250 103,750 137,500 749,060 320,720 428,335 431,575 186,210 245,365 9,208,520 3,955,070 5,253,450 3,629,670 1,535,015 2,094,650
With employment income 592,955 300,705 292,250 1,628,890 818,815 810,070 1,021,705 527,385 494,320 21,127,615 10,906,485 10,221,125 8,153,175 4,198,665 3,954,510
Under $5,000 (including loss) 76,830 37,215 39,615 233,535 111,890 121,640 145,910 71,820 74,090 2,951,135 1,446,185 1,504,955 1,218,885 604,555 614,330
$5,000 to $9,999 44,305 20,170 24,135 149,810 68,255 81,550 99,605 47,595 52,010 1,739,570 765,825 973,750 688,670 304,845 383,825
$10,000 to $19,999 60,500 28,255 32,250 182,800 85,935 96,860 136,545 66,030 70,515 2,498,120 1,128,310 1,369,810 928,840 424,990 503,850
$20,000 to $29,999 43,960 21,040 22,915 134,370 63,055 71,310 105,255 51,415 53,840 1,960,665 902,615 1,058,050 696,570 325,510 371,065
$30,000 to $39,999 40,800 19,885 20,915 131,130 63,285 67,845 98,425 50,780 47,640 1,903,100 899,905 1,003,190 677,110 320,720 356,390
$40,000 to $49,999 40,555 19,160 21,390 128,965 61,660 67,305 94,645 47,585 47,065 1,859,845 899,795 960,055 672,005 320,925 351,080
$50,000 to $59,999 41,380 19,315 22,065 117,230 56,800 60,430 76,170 39,085 37,085 1,640,805 842,030 798,780 611,665 307,370 304,290
$60,000 to $69,999 40,990 19,215 21,775 98,370 49,625 48,745 59,460 31,825 27,635 1,367,510 754,825 612,685 519,955 278,350 241,605
$70,000 to $79,999 35,050 17,715 17,335 81,720 41,950 39,765 46,765 25,580 21,185 1,099,625 637,060 462,570 419,875 237,375 182,500
$80,000 to $89,999 32,370 17,015 15,360 69,910 38,470 31,440 40,295 21,350 18,945 929,490 539,395 390,095 352,235 207,090 145,150
$90,000 to $99,999 29,120 14,990 14,125 61,540 32,370 29,175 27,160 15,825 11,340 760,035 439,505 320,530 316,750 176,135 140,615
$100,000 and over 107,100 66,730 40,370 239,510 145,510 94,000 91,480 58,500 32,980 2,417,710 1,651,040 766,670 1,050,620 690,800 359,820
$100,000 to $124,999 51,775 29,450 22,325 94,895 52,690 42,210 40,345 24,630 15,710 1,129,445 714,235 415,210 489,720 295,720 194,005
$125,000 and over 55,320 37,280 18,040 144,610 92,825 51,790 51,135 33,870 17,270 1,288,265 936,805 351,460 560,895 395,080 165,810
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data23 834,205 404,450 429,755 2,377,950 1,139,545 1,238,405 1,453,280 713,595 739,685 30,336,135 14,861,555 15,474,575 11,782,845 5,733,680 6,049,160
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 780,535 377,120 403,405 2,210,875 1,054,040 1,156,835 1,355,225 663,385 691,840 28,598,395 13,976,715 14,621,680 11,051,405 5,357,685 5,693,725
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 47,200 53,200 42,400 36,400 39,600 33,600 33,200 35,600 31,200 39,200 45,200 34,000 39,200 44,800 34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 780,930 377,185 403,750 2,211,340 1,054,160 1,157,180 1,355,570 663,490 692,080 28,617,610 13,979,960 14,637,655 11,055,345 5,358,275 5,697,070
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 41,600 46,400 38,000 33,600 36,000 31,400 30,400 32,000 28,800 35,200 40,000 31,200 35,600 40,000 31,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 714,635 351,395 363,235 1,937,590 943,240 994,350 1,196,380 596,375 600,005 25,708,470 12,830,580 12,877,890 9,877,245 4,895,500 4,981,740
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 46,400 52,800 40,400 37,200 41,600 33,600 31,400 35,200 27,800 36,800 44,000 30,800 37,600 44,400 31,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 588,510 297,810 290,705 1,619,820 811,895 807,930 1,000,475 515,695 484,790 21,241,445 10,932,825 10,308,625 8,159,090 4,190,670 3,968,420
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 46,000 50,800 41,600 39,200 42,800 36,000 33,200 36,000 30,200 38,000 44,400 32,800 38,800 44,400 34,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 664,760 315,965 348,795 1,945,410 918,155 1,027,255 1,066,120 490,855 575,265 23,196,815 10,876,635 12,320,175 9,643,335 4,616,005 5,027,335
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 1,450 850 3,240 1,300 870 2,440 4,280 2,660 7,150 4,240 1,960 6,450 2,200 1,010 4,920
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data 40,110 16,015 24,095 112,960 44,865 68,095 104,820 51,840 52,980 2,428,800 1,182,025 1,246,770 723,990 308,550 415,450
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 6,040 5,240 6,750 6,080 5,640 6,400 5,080 4,640 5,640 5,720 5,560 5,960 5,640 5,360 5,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data24 834,140 404,315 429,825 2,377,950 1,139,355 1,238,590 1,453,295 713,745 739,550 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,670 11,782,820 5,733,360 6,049,460
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 780,035 376,805 403,230 2,211,540 1,054,250 1,157,290 1,355,285 663,595 691,695 28,599,665 13,976,240 14,623,425 11,053,285 5,358,015 5,695,270
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 60,900 69,400 52,900 59,500 70,400 49,480 46,600 52,150 41,320 52,350 61,250 43,800 53,800 62,850 45,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 780,415 376,845 403,565 2,211,955 1,054,335 1,157,620 1,355,700 663,725 691,975 28,618,280 13,979,265 14,639,015 11,057,080 5,358,540 5,698,545
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 49,440 55,200 44,080 46,960 53,600 40,920 37,760 40,880 34,720 42,920 49,000 37,160 44,080 50,120 38,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 714,295 351,445 362,855 1,937,680 943,545 994,135 1,195,295 596,055 599,245 25,709,140 12,829,990 12,879,155 9,878,270 4,896,015 4,982,255
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 60,550 69,700 51,650 61,500 73,700 49,960 45,560 52,600 38,600 51,040 60,800 41,320 53,250 63,150 43,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 588,525 297,910 290,615 1,620,165 812,015 808,145 999,875 515,515 484,355 21,242,575 10,934,760 10,307,815 8,160,870 4,191,675 3,969,185
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 58,900 66,300 51,350 60,200 70,700 49,760 46,040 51,800 39,920 50,560 58,800 41,800 52,700 60,850 44,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 664,165 315,875 348,290 1,946,775 919,240 1,027,530 1,066,040 490,710 575,335 23,191,860 10,869,800 12,322,065 9,644,415 4,616,310 5,028,100
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 6,400 5,270 7,430 6,335 5,108 7,430 8,160 6,610 9,490 7,950 6,990 8,800 7,150 5,990 8,210
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 40,730 16,350 24,380 113,735 44,895 68,835 104,790 51,525 53,260 2,430,165 1,181,385 1,248,780 725,250 308,485 416,760
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 7,840 6,305 8,860 7,670 6,680 8,310 7,380 5,970 8,740 7,560 6,880 8,210 7,340 6,410 8,030
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data25 834,140 404,315 429,820 2,377,945 1,139,355 1,238,590 1,453,295 713,750 739,550 30,335,920 14,861,250 15,474,670 11,782,825 5,733,365 6,049,460
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 310,985 167,595 143,385 753,570 403,225 350,345 446,040 241,000 205,040 9,831,805 5,446,500 4,385,305 3,830,200 2,124,710 1,705,495
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 72,500 78,500 67,000 64,000 68,000 60,000 52,800 56,400 49,600 60,000 66,000 53,600 62,800 68,500 56,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 83,700 91,500 74,700 90,200 103,200 75,200 67,700 75,300 58,700 73,200 81,900 62,250 77,800 86,600 66,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 196,430 90,730 105,700 585,965 275,395 310,575 411,950 203,780 208,170 7,934,985 3,759,675 4,175,305 2,925,680 1,365,355 1,560,325
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 21,600 22,800 20,800 24,400 25,800 23,400 21,600 23,200 20,400 24,200 28,000 21,800 23,600 26,200 21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 34,480 37,920 31,520 38,040 43,120 33,520 31,400 34,200 28,640 35,200 41,280 29,720 34,640 39,840 30,040
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%) 91.0 93.6 87.8 90.6 93.6 86.6 86.2 90.6 80.8 87.6 91.2 83.0 88.4 91.8 84.0
Employment income (%) 73.0 75.4 70.0 74.2 77.2 70.2 72.8 77.2 67.6 71.8 75.0 67.2 72.4 75.8 67.8
Government transfers (%) 9.0 6.4 12.1 9.4 6.3 13.3 13.8 9.4 19.1 12.3 8.9 16.9 11.6 8.2 16.0
Employment insurance benefits (%) 0.7 0.4 1.0 0.7 0.4 1.0 1.2 0.9 1.6 1.2 1.0 1.6 0.9 0.6 1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data26 407,255 ... ... 1,160,895 ... ... 816,335 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 5,491,205 ... ...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($) 102,000 ... ... 84,000 ... ... 63,600 ... ... 84,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 88,000 ... ... 74,000 ... ... 56,000 ... ... 73,000 ... ... 79,500 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data 116,370 ... ... 385,765 ... ... 341,345 ... ... 4,396,015 ... ... 1,452,540 ... ...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 55,600 ... ... 45,200 ... ... 37,600 ... ... 41,600 ... ... 43,600 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 48,000 ... ... 40,400 ... ... 33,600 ... ... 37,200 ... ... 39,200 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data 290,885 ... ... 775,125 ... ... 474,990 ... ... 10,582,930 ... ... 4,038,660 ... ...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 127,000 ... ... 107,000 ... ... 89,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ... 111,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 109,000 ... ... 94,000 ... ... 78,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 97,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data27 407,250 ... ... 1,160,890 ... ... 816,355 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 5,491,200 ... ...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($) 126,700 ... ... 121,200 ... ... 85,700 ... ... 106,300 ... ... 116,000 ... ...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 103,000 ... ... 96,000 ... ... 69,600 ... ... 87,700 ... ... 95,300 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data 116,230 ... ... 385,525 ... ... 341,250 ... ... 4,394,500 ... ... 1,451,915 ... ...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 64,800 ... ... 63,850 ... ... 48,400 ... ... 53,350 ... ... 57,200 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 53,100 ... ... 51,200 ... ... 39,760 ... ... 44,360 ... ... 47,320 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data 291,025 ... ... 775,365 ... ... 475,105 ... ... 10,584,445 ... ... 4,039,285 ... ...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 151,400 ... ... 149,800 ... ... 112,600 ... ... 128,200 ... ... 137,000 ... ...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 123,000 ... ... 118,300 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 105,700 ... ... 112,500 ... ...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data21 407,250 ... ... 1,160,890 ... ... 816,335 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 5,491,200 ... ...
Under $5,000 4,455 ... ... 21,975 ... ... 17,005 ... ... 165,175 ... ... 61,515 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 2,405 ... ... 10,700 ... ... 9,785 ... ... 91,750 ... ... 30,860 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 4,680 ... ... 18,325 ... ... 16,775 ... ... 178,475 ... ... 63,360 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 5,985 ... ... 23,970 ... ... 24,425 ... ... 274,140 ... ... 96,980 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 10,820 ... ... 52,135 ... ... 54,215 ... ... 637,695 ... ... 186,250 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 9,080 ... ... 40,010 ... ... 38,420 ... ... 505,875 ... ... 168,345 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 9,475 ... ... 38,210 ... ... 37,880 ... ... 488,735 ... ... 158,810 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 10,320 ... ... 39,540 ... ... 38,590 ... ... 560,950 ... ... 175,890 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 10,715 ... ... 39,320 ... ... 39,530 ... ... 572,650 ... ... 182,900 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 11,070 ... ... 39,335 ... ... 37,970 ... ... 559,155 ... ... 182,945 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 23,155 ... ... 78,920 ... ... 69,550 ... ... 1,093,185 ... ... 370,350 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 24,780 ... ... 77,155 ... ... 62,125 ... ... 1,044,715 ... ... 364,585 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 24,500 ... ... 72,540 ... ... 55,220 ... ... 986,460 ... ... 350,520 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 24,185 ... ... 68,900 ... ... 49,040 ... ... 921,205 ... ... 332,395 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 22,710 ... ... 62,465 ... ... 41,220 ... ... 844,835 ... ... 310,400 ... ...
$100,000 and over 208,915 ... ... 477,390 ... ... 224,580 ... ... 6,053,945 ... ... 2,455,095 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 50,875 ... ... 126,785 ... ... 76,005 ... ... 1,753,485 ... ... 662,625 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 40,410 ... ... 90,785 ... ... 48,680 ... ... 1,283,445 ... ... 500,495 ... ...
$150,000 to $199,999 54,675 ... ... 112,045 ... ... 51,900 ... ... 1,545,935 ... ... 630,420 ... ...
$200,000 and over 62,955 ... ... 147,770 ... ... 47,995 ... ... 1,471,075 ... ... 661,550 ... ...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data22 407,250 ... ... 1,160,890 ... ... 816,335 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 5,491,200 ... ...
Under $5,000 4,980 ... ... 24,205 ... ... 18,250 ... ... 186,735 ... ... 69,645 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 2,470 ... ... 10,965 ... ... 10,005 ... ... 95,195 ... ... 32,100 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 4,800 ... ... 18,670 ... ... 17,050 ... ... 183,430 ... ... 65,025 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 6,240 ... ... 25,555 ... ... 26,035 ... ... 289,545 ... ... 101,865 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 11,615 ... ... 55,350 ... ... 59,285 ... ... 681,900 ... ... 197,995 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 10,425 ... ... 44,335 ... ... 46,355 ... ... 589,110 ... ... 190,225 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 11,305 ... ... 43,080 ... ... 45,485 ... ... 582,275 ... ... 183,505 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 12,425 ... ... 45,405 ... ... 47,370 ... ... 666,675 ... ... 204,300 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 13,055 ... ... 46,380 ... ... 46,995 ... ... 676,995 ... ... 215,785 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 13,980 ... ... 47,410 ... ... 43,530 ... ... 655,100 ... ... 217,105 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 29,855 ... ... 94,635 ... ... 78,470 ... ... 1,285,425 ... ... 440,280 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 29,930 ... ... 90,850 ... ... 68,975 ... ... 1,223,830 ... ... 430,860 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 29,450 ... ... 84,155 ... ... 59,285 ... ... 1,137,840 ... ... 409,865 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 28,010 ... ... 76,730 ... ... 49,000 ... ... 1,039,375 ... ... 385,295 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 26,500 ... ... 65,450 ... ... 39,955 ... ... 911,515 ... ... 343,595 ... ...
$100,000 and over 172,210 ... ... 387,715 ... ... 160,295 ... ... 4,773,995 ... ... 2,003,770 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 54,115 ... ... 125,030 ... ... 68,460 ... ... 1,757,035 ... ... 685,485 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 39,740 ... ... 84,425 ... ... 38,400 ... ... 1,152,855 ... ... 472,130 ... ...
$150,000 and over 78,355 ... ... 178,260 ... ... 53,430 ... ... 1,864,100 ... ... 846,155 ... ...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data28 274,735 ... ... 723,990 ... ... 435,310 ... ... 10,117,305 ... ... 3,875,790 ... ...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 129,000 ... ... 106,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ... 111,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 110,000 ... ... 94,000 ... ... 79,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 96,000 ... ...
Average family size of economic families 3.0 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 3.1 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data 101,595 ... ... 238,385 ... ... 156,425 ... ... 3,929,500 ... ... 1,361,615 ... ...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 118,000 ... ... 100,000 ... ... 86,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 95,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 100,000 ... ... 87,000 ... ... 73,500 ... ... 79,000 ... ... 83,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-only economic families 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data 122,135 ... ... 313,995 ... ... 175,465 ... ... 4,311,315 ... ... 1,770,030 ... ...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 162,000 ... ... 133,000 ... ... 114,000 ... ... 136,000 ... ... 141,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 137,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ... 99,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ... 121,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families 4.0 ... ... 4.0 ... ... 4.0 ... ... 4.1 ... ... 4.1 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data 41,580 ... ... 138,855 ... ... 86,340 ... ... 1,547,920 ... ... 610,815 ... ...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 82,000 ... ... 71,500 ... ... 64,000 ... ... 70,000 ... ... 73,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 73,500 ... ... 66,000 ... ... 58,800 ... ... 64,000 ... ... 67,500 ... ...
Average family size of one-parent economic families 2.7 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 2.7 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data29 165,755 79,400 86,360 559,305 269,620 289,685 446,765 228,335 218,420 5,922,660 2,927,295 2,995,365 2,041,505 990,815 1,050,690
Median total income in 2020 ($)30 46,400 45,200 47,600 39,200 38,800 39,600 34,000 34,400 33,600 38,400 40,000 36,800 38,800 40,000 38,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 41,600 40,400 42,400 35,600 35,200 36,000 30,800 31,000 30,800 34,800 36,000 33,600 35,600 36,000 35,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data31 274,750 ... ... 723,485 ... ... 435,360 ... ... 10,113,100 ... ... 3,873,665 ... ...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 153,400 ... ... 151,400 ... ... 115,400 ... ... 128,600 ... ... 137,200 ... ...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 124,100 ... ... 118,700 ... ... 92,800 ... ... 105,600 ... ... 112,200 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data 101,380 ... ... 238,080 ... ... 156,545 ... ... 3,926,040 ... ... 1,359,275 ... ...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 140,800 ... ... 142,400 ... ... 109,200 ... ... 112,500 ... ... 119,500 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 112,800 ... ... 110,100 ... ... 86,500 ... ... 92,000 ... ... 97,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data 122,400 ... ... 314,490 ... ... 175,580 ... ... 4,318,755 ... ... 1,773,005 ... ...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 186,600 ... ... 189,000 ... ... 144,000 ... ... 160,600 ... ... 168,800 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 150,000 ... ... 145,600 ... ... 114,400 ... ... 130,600 ... ... 136,600 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data 41,480 ... ... 138,050 ... ... 86,035 ... ... 1,539,580 ... ... 607,780 ... ...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 92,900 ... ... 89,200 ... ... 75,300 ... ... 82,300 ... ... 87,100 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 80,200 ... ... 77,100 ... ... 65,100 ... ... 71,800 ... ... 76,100 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data32 165,700 78,980 86,720 558,720 268,480 290,245 446,290 227,645 218,645 5,916,895 2,916,490 3,000,405 2,039,230 985,390 1,053,840
Average total income in 2020 ($)30 56,900 57,600 56,300 55,950 57,400 54,600 44,280 45,400 43,080 49,440 52,050 46,880 51,800 54,250 49,480
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 47,360 47,360 47,360 45,680 46,200 45,240 36,760 37,240 36,240 41,560 43,080 40,120 43,440 44,880 42,120
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data33 1,000,940 489,180 511,760 2,761,285 1,336,425 1,424,855 1,723,215 851,580 871,635 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,250 14,031,755 6,887,755 7,143,995
0 to 17 years 202,130 102,880 99,245 461,810 237,260 224,550 316,605 161,795 154,815 7,196,545 3,696,540 3,500,005 2,726,265 1,400,695 1,325,570
0 to 5 years 59,530 30,115 29,415 148,485 76,170 72,320 107,500 54,865 52,630 2,225,085 1,140,315 1,084,775 831,185 425,620 405,560
18 to 64 years 638,295 312,235 326,060 1,842,580 897,600 944,980 1,140,405 572,585 567,820 22,545,065 11,159,405 11,385,665 8,795,220 4,328,780 4,466,440
65 years and over 160,515 74,065 86,450 456,895 201,570 255,325 266,200 117,200 149,000 6,586,865 3,081,285 3,505,580 2,510,270 1,158,280 1,351,985
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) 89,205 41,925 47,285 363,955 170,110 193,845 299,080 143,995 155,085 4,016,065 1,881,305 2,134,765 1,420,525 664,975 755,550
0 to 17 years 21,565 10,970 10,605 67,725 34,800 32,925 49,430 25,350 24,085 854,565 439,490 415,075 314,150 161,695 152,455
0 to 5 years 7,035 3,560 3,470 22,175 11,260 10,910 17,500 8,905 8,595 282,315 144,250 138,065 102,930 52,570 50,360
18 to 64 years 52,460 24,915 27,545 218,825 104,895 113,925 184,970 93,610 91,360 2,175,755 1,050,115 1,125,640 803,215 385,100 418,120
65 years and over 15,185 6,045 9,140 77,410 30,410 47,005 64,675 25,040 39,635 985,745 391,695 594,050 303,160 118,180 184,980
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%) 8.9 8.6 9.2 13.2 12.7 13.6 17.4 16.9 17.8 11.1 10.5 11.6 10.1 9.7 10.6
0 to 17 years (%) 10.7 10.7 10.7 14.7 14.7 14.7 15.6 15.7 15.6 11.9 11.9 11.9 11.5 11.5 11.5
0 to 5 years (%) 11.8 11.8 11.8 14.9 14.8 15.1 16.3 16.2 16.3 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.4 12.4 12.4
18 to 64 years (%) 8.2 8.0 8.5 11.9 11.7 12.1 16.2 16.3 16.1 9.7 9.4 9.9 9.1 8.9 9.4
65 years and over (%) 9.5 8.2 10.6 16.9 15.1 18.4 24.3 21.4 26.6 15.0 12.7 16.9 12.1 10.2 13.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data33 1,000,935 489,175 511,760 2,761,290 1,336,430 1,424,855 1,723,210 851,575 871,630 35,837,970 17,691,535 18,146,440 13,977,120 6,860,325 7,116,790
0 to 17 years 202,125 102,880 99,250 461,805 237,255 224,550 316,610 161,790 154,815 7,043,545 3,618,040 3,425,505 2,709,120 1,391,825 1,317,290
0 to 5 years 59,525 30,110 29,410 148,485 76,165 72,315 107,500 54,870 52,635 2,175,935 1,115,010 1,060,925 825,865 422,885 402,980
18 to 64 years 638,295 312,235 326,060 1,842,585 897,605 944,975 1,140,405 572,580 567,825 22,262,940 11,019,070 11,243,865 8,763,785 4,313,030 4,450,755
65 years and over 160,515 74,060 86,455 456,895 201,565 255,330 266,195 117,200 148,995 6,531,490 3,054,420 3,477,065 2,504,220 1,155,470 1,348,745
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) 59,550 30,045 29,500 241,110 122,080 119,030 199,665 102,220 97,440 1,863,335 950,150 913,180 738,795 379,035 359,760
0 to 17 years 11,235 5,710 5,525 35,500 18,215 17,290 26,605 13,610 12,995 319,545 164,490 155,060 126,035 64,885 61,150
0 to 5 years 3,615 1,800 1,815 11,610 5,845 5,765 9,255 4,715 4,540 99,435 50,875 48,560 39,415 20,100 19,315
18 to 64 years 43,190 22,140 21,050 179,925 92,890 87,040 144,765 77,525 67,235 1,344,640 702,660 641,975 541,410 283,705 257,710
65 years and over 5,120 2,195 2,925 25,685 10,980 14,705 28,295 11,090 17,205 199,155 83,010 116,145 71,350 30,450 40,900
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%) 6.0 6.1 5.8 8.7 9.1 8.4 11.6 12.0 11.2 5.2 5.4 5.0 5.3 5.5 5.1
0 to 17 years (%) 5.6 5.6 5.6 7.7 7.7 7.7 8.4 8.4 8.4 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.7 4.7 4.6
0 to 5 years (%) 6.1 6.0 6.2 7.8 7.7 8.0 8.6 8.6 8.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.8 4.8 4.8
18 to 64 years (%) 6.8 7.1 6.5 9.8 10.4 9.2 12.7 13.5 11.8 6.0 6.4 5.7 6.2 6.6 5.8
65 years and over (%) 3.2 3.0 3.4 5.6 5.5 5.8 10.6 9.5 11.6 3.1 2.7 3.3 2.9 2.6 3.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data34The letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice. 1,000,940 489,180 511,760 2,761,285 1,336,425 1,424,855 1,723,215 851,575 871,635 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,250 14,031,755 6,887,760 7,143,995
In bottom half of the distribution 380,325 182,230 198,100 1,385,785 657,800 727,980 1,097,735 535,190 562,545 18,164,550 8,775,210 9,389,345 6,516,085 3,131,205 3,384,880
In bottom decile 86,925 42,530 44,395 348,260 169,275 178,980 278,660 138,645 140,020 3,632,735 1,759,660 1,873,070 1,318,120 643,165 674,955
In second decile 70,295 33,095 37,200 287,815 133,480 154,340 226,095 107,680 118,415 3,632,975 1,695,310 1,937,660 1,283,940 594,495 689,440
In third decile 70,060 33,670 36,390 265,075 124,965 140,110 221,215 107,370 113,845 3,632,895 1,752,160 1,880,735 1,292,030 618,405 673,625
In fourth decile 72,780 34,600 38,180 245,925 116,600 129,330 197,520 96,110 101,415 3,632,745 1,775,535 1,857,210 1,296,710 628,155 668,555
In fifth decile 80,265 38,330 41,935 238,700 113,485 125,215 174,245 85,395 88,855 3,633,205 1,792,540 1,840,670 1,325,280 646,975 678,300
In top half of the distribution 620,610 306,950 313,665 1,375,505 678,625 696,880 625,475 316,385 309,090 18,163,925 9,162,020 9,001,900 7,515,670 3,756,555 3,759,115
In sixth decile 88,850 42,775 46,070 234,350 112,690 121,660 150,945 74,795 76,155 3,632,910 1,810,370 1,822,535 1,365,960 672,380 693,580
In seventh decile 100,465 48,890 51,575 236,815 114,510 122,300 134,455 67,455 67,000 3,632,765 1,819,535 1,813,230 1,415,070 700,525 714,550
In eighth decile 117,410 57,895 59,520 245,465 120,335 125,125 121,350 61,450 59,900 3,632,555 1,829,025 1,803,530 1,482,300 739,210 743,095
In ninth decile 146,625 72,875 73,755 268,615 133,080 135,530 108,785 55,650 53,130 3,632,930 1,841,520 1,791,415 1,581,535 794,505 787,030
In top decile 167,260 84,515 82,745 390,265 198,000 192,265 109,935 57,030 52,905 3,632,765 1,861,575 1,771,195 1,670,800 849,940 820,865
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data35 1,000,935 ... ... 2,761,290 ... ... 1,723,210 ... ... 36,328,475 ... ... 14,031,755 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household total income 0.345 ... ... 0.437 ... ... 0.374 ... ... 0.347 ... ... 0.357 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household market income 0.430 ... ... 0.555 ... ... 0.516 ... ... 0.462 ... ... 0.470 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income 0.301 ... ... 0.371 ... ... 0.318 ... ... 0.302 ... ... 0.308 ... ...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income 4.0 ... ... 4.7 ... ... 4.0 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 3.9 ... ...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data36 1,006,965 491,745 515,220 2,772,630 1,341,750 1,430,880 1,741,260 859,120 882,135 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 14,099,790 6,917,920 7,181,870
English only 610,175 311,375 298,800 2,409,655 1,187,180 1,222,480 207,690 107,915 99,775 25,261,655 12,620,855 12,640,800 12,196,575 6,083,990 6,112,590
French only 14,275 5,910 8,365 2,555 1,125 1,430 473,490 215,190 258,295 4,087,895 1,914,500 2,173,390 39,310 17,190 22,125
English and French 367,035 168,485 198,545 236,915 104,325 132,595 1,018,100 519,275 498,830 6,581,680 3,244,350 3,337,330 1,519,365 678,385 840,975
Neither English nor French 15,480 5,975 9,500 123,505 49,120 74,380 41,975 16,745 25,230 689,725 284,170 405,555 344,545 138,355 206,185
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data37 1,006,965 491,745 515,220 2,772,630 1,341,750 1,430,880 1,741,260 859,120 882,135 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 14,099,790 6,917,920 7,181,870
English 824,560 408,695 415,860 2,590,345 1,265,255 1,325,090 457,725 231,930 225,795 27,643,140 13,696,115 13,947,025 13,179,535 6,510,015 6,669,520
French 141,555 65,135 76,425 38,695 18,240 20,460 1,091,480 533,590 557,890 7,828,545 3,854,435 3,974,110 484,425 227,550 256,875
English and French 25,845 12,200 13,650 22,190 10,120 12,070 151,345 77,485 73,865 476,175 237,635 238,535 98,270 45,480 52,790
Neither English nor French 15,000 5,710 9,290 121,390 48,135 73,260 40,705 16,120 24,585 673,100 275,685 397,420 337,560 134,870 202,685
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data38 1,006,965 491,745 515,220 2,772,630 1,341,750 1,430,880 1,741,260 859,120 882,135 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 14,099,790 6,917,920 7,181,870
Single responses 944,105 461,815 482,295 2,588,520 1,253,850 1,334,665 1,615,770 796,000 819,775 35,145,265 17,344,665 17,800,600 13,430,605 6,594,620 6,835,990
Official languages 711,900 351,245 360,650 1,425,805 711,505 714,295 1,044,150 518,340 525,805 27,296,445 13,583,930 13,712,510 9,642,770 4,785,140 4,857,635
English 585,865 292,780 293,085 1,391,685 695,305 696,380 225,920 115,155 110,765 20,107,200 10,036,360 10,070,835 9,179,655 4,566,580 4,613,080
French 126,030 58,470 67,565 34,115 16,200 17,920 818,225 403,185 415,040 7,189,245 3,547,565 3,641,675 463,120 218,560 244,550
Non-official languages 232,210 110,565 121,640 1,162,715 542,350 620,370 571,625 277,655 293,970 7,848,820 3,760,725 4,088,090 3,787,835 1,809,480 1,978,355
Indigenous languages39 595 240 360 265 130 145 355 125 230 148,895 71,630 77,265 14,475 6,735 7,740
Algonquian languages 205 90 115 225 105 120 190 70 120 97,125 46,545 50,580 13,545 6,360 7,185
Blackfoot 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,520 1,180 1,340 5 5 5
Cree-Innu languages 110 55 60 75 35 45 165 60 105 67,665 32,715 34,950 2,815 1,365 1,455
Atikamekw 5 0 5 0 0 0 25 5 20 5,500 2,825 2,670 10 0 5
Cree languages 105 45 55 70 35 40 95 35 60 53,070 25,645 27,430 2,800 1,360 1,440
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 5 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 155 70 85 125 55 70
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 580 300 280 0 0 0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 25 15 10 0 0 0 35 15 20 3,460 1,675 1,785 60 20 35
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 40 15 20 25 5 20 0 0 0 2,475 1,075 1,395 550 240 315
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,025 2,345 2,675 35 20 15
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 5 0 0 5 5 5 5 0 5 2,850 1,370 1,480 50 25 15
Cree, n.o.s. 30 15 15 30 15 15 50 20 30 38,535 18,810 19,725 1,975 985 990
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 10 20 8,465 3,930 4,535 0 0 5
Naskapi 5 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 625 310 315 15 5 5
Eastern Algonquian languages 20 10 10 10 5 0 10 0 10 5,155 2,415 2,745 70 35 30
Mi'kmaq 15 5 10 10 5 0 5 0 5 4,910 2,290 2,620 60 25 30
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245 125 120 10 5 0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 75 25 50 140 70 75 25 10 10 21,775 10,230 11,550 10,645 4,955 5,690
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 10 5 5 0 0 0 15 10 10 865 400 460 35 15 25
Oji-Cree 10 0 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 9,310 4,525 4,790 4,240 2,015 2,225
Ojibway languages 55 20 35 135 70 65 5 5 0 11,605 5,300 6,300 6,365 2,920 3,445
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 10 5 5 20 10 10 5 0 0 470 235 235 280 130 145
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 0 65 25 40 65 25 40
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,880 850 1,030 25 15 10
Ojibway, n.o.s. 40 15 30 105 50 50 0 5 0 9,185 4,190 4,995 6,000 2,745 3,250
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 0 5 5 0
Athabaskan languages 5 5 0 5 5 5 5 5 0 12,885 6,200 6,680 30 20 15
Northern Athabaskan languages 5 5 0 5 5 5 5 5 0 12,785 6,155 6,630 30 15 15
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 625 280 340 0 0 0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 55 60 0 0 0
Dene, n.o.s. 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,060 3,865 4,190 15 5 5
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 175 70 105 0 5 0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 0 1,505 755 755 10 5 5
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 400 195 200 5 5 0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 0 270 120 150 5 0 5
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 840 440 400 0 0 0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 80 65 0 0 0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 40 25 0 0 0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 40 40 0 0 0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,390 725 670 0 0 0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 5 30 0 0 0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 465 210 255 0 0 0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10 0 0 0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 40 85 0 0 0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 15 55 0 0 0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 15 0 0 0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 20 0 0 0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 50 65 0 0 0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 20 25 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 20 25 0 0 0
Haida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 15 25 0 0 0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 365 135 230 10 5 10 135 30 105 33,790 16,480 17,315 510 200 310
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 560 220 340 10 5 5
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 335 140 200 5 0 5
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 225 85 140 5 0 0
Inuktitut 360 135 230 15 5 10 135 30 105 33,200 16,240 16,955 505 195 305
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 10 20 5 0 0
Iroquoian languages 15 5 5 10 5 5 15 10 5 355 150 205 270 100 165
Cayuga 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 15 35 15 15
Mohawk 15 5 5 15 5 5 15 10 5 275 115 155 190 75 115
Oneida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 10 30 40 10 25
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 5 0 0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 15 15 0 0 0
Michif 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 485 220 265 20 5 15
Salish languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,095 520 575 10 5 5
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 185 90 95 0 0 0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 45 55 0 0 0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 180 100 80 0 0 0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 265 125 140 0 0 0
Squamish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 15 0 0 0
Straits 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 40 50 0 0 0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 185 80 105 0 0 0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 30 25 0 0 0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,040 485 555 10 5 5
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 40 25 0 0 0
Dakota 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 560 245 315 5 5 0
Stoney 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 365 180 190 0 0 0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 20 20 5 5 0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 1,035 515 515 10 5 5
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 590 300 290 5 0 5
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 325 155 170 0 0 5
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 60 60 0 0 0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 770 385 385 0 0 0
Haisla 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 35 55 0 0 0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 300 180 120 0 0 0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 70 80 0 0 0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 220 95 130 0 0 0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 5 15 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 25 35 5 5 5
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 5 5 0 0 0 0 180 75 100 65 30 35
Non-Indigenous languages 231,615 110,330 121,285 1,162,445 542,225 620,225 571,270 277,530 293,740 7,699,925 3,689,100 4,010,830 3,773,365 1,802,745 1,970,620
Afro-Asiatic languages 55,580 27,700 27,885 70,715 35,165 35,550 119,100 63,230 55,865 698,355 359,625 338,730 310,765 156,145 154,620
Berber languages 500 275 225 115 70 45 15,445 8,305 7,140 27,490 14,715 12,775 855 480 370
Kabyle 355 190 165 75 40 35 14,315 7,650 6,660 24,760 13,130 11,625 580 315 265
Tamazight 125 70 50 30 20 5 985 570 415 2,340 1,365 975 215 130 80
Berber languages, n.i.e. 20 15 10 10 5 5 150 85 65 395 225 170 60 35 25
Chadic languages 80 40 40 205 135 75 335 180 160 1,985 1,085 905 635 350 280
Hausa 50 30 20 190 125 65 175 100 70 1,315 740 570 560 315 245
Mina 30 15 20 15 10 5 165 80 90 675 340 335 70 35 35
Coptic 30 10 15 40 20 25 165 90 75 1,015 510 505 535 265 275
Cushitic languages 7,610 3,295 4,320 12,110 5,465 6,645 765 360 410 49,410 23,275 26,135 27,575 12,405 15,170
Bilen 90 45 45 130 75 60 20 10 10 2,020 1,085 935 930 495 440
Oromo 210 110 95 875 420 450 0 0 0 5,905 3,015 2,890 1,540 760 785
Somali 7,150 3,055 4,090 11,020 4,925 6,100 735 345 390 40,730 18,775 21,955 24,700 10,945 13,755
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 165 80 85 80 45 35 15 5 5 755 400 350 405 215 190
Semitic languages 47,365 24,080 23,285 58,240 29,480 28,765 102,380 54,295 48,085 618,450 320,045 298,405 281,160 142,645 138,515
Amharic 1,615 745 870 7,465 3,405 4,065 495 235 255 25,685 12,090 13,600 12,490 5,745 6,740
Arabic 43,645 22,255 21,395 32,985 17,385 15,600 99,450 52,790 46,660 508,410 265,350 243,060 214,230 109,870 104,360
Aramaic languages 115 55 65 5,335 2,555 2,785 120 50 65 27,690 13,465 14,220 24,105 11,685 12,420
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 65 30 40 4,195 1,975 2,220 40 15 25 17,220 8,320 8,900 15,665 7,535 8,125
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 15 15 5 945 475 470 10 5 5 8,860 4,335 4,525 7,480 3,655 3,820
Aramaic, n.o.s. 30 15 15 195 105 90 70 30 40 1,600 805 795 960 485 475
Harari 40 15 25 700 310 390 5 5 0 1,220 550 675 970 430 540
Hebrew 475 265 210 4,210 2,280 1,930 1,580 845 735 19,495 10,505 8,995 11,630 6,255 5,375
Maltese 35 15 20 1,090 525 570 5 0 5 4,425 2,080 2,340 4,120 1,950 2,175
Tigrigna 1,390 715 675 6,310 2,950 3,360 705 360 340 31,075 15,775 15,300 13,360 6,585 6,775
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 45 20 25 140 75 65 25 10 10 450 235 220 255 130 125
Austro-Asiatic languages 7,685 3,470 4,210 28,750 12,695 16,050 23,210 10,690 12,525 192,985 87,230 105,750 84,300 37,815 46,485
Khmer (Cambodian) 1,085 490 595 1,230 540 685 4,580 2,090 2,500 19,525 8,820 10,705 7,065 3,170 3,900
Vietnamese 6,590 2,980 3,610 27,445 12,125 15,320 18,595 8,585 10,005 173,000 78,180 94,820 77,085 34,585 42,505
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 5 5 5 75 35 40 35 20 15 460 230 225 140 60 80
Austronesian languages 8,640 3,295 5,345 102,870 41,175 61,695 15,495 6,045 9,455 565,375 238,875 326,500 208,395 83,860 124,535
Bikol 30 20 10 330 145 190 85 40 50 2,115 940 1,180 685 300 385
Bisaya, n.o.s. 150 55 90 1,385 580 810 305 120 180 8,215 3,425 4,790 2,735 1,115 1,625
Cebuano 340 115 220 2,750 1,095 1,660 680 250 430 18,945 7,800 11,145 5,900 2,290 3,615
Fijian 5 0 0 10 5 0 0 0 0 605 325 280 40 20 20
Hiligaynon 165 60 100 2,140 840 1,305 390 130 260 9,690 3,900 5,795 3,775 1,460 2,315
Ilocano 725 295 430 9,165 3,735 5,430 1,650 670 980 33,520 14,140 19,380 14,680 5,995 8,680
Indonesian 365 145 220 1,905 850 1,055 405 165 240 11,910 4,990 6,920 5,440 2,345 3,095
Kankanaey 20 10 15 245 110 135 15 10 5 1,100 465 640 375 160 215
Kinaray-a 15 5 15 185 75 110 25 10 15 670 275 395 275 115 160
Malagasy languages 70 30 40 20 10 15 410 185 225 2,085 990 1,090 125 55 70
Merina 20 10 15 5 0 0 285 120 160 1,245 580 670 30 10 15
Malagasy, n.o.s. 50 25 30 15 5 10 130 65 65 835 415 425 95 40 50
Malay 55 15 40 195 95 100 45 20 30 1,330 570 760 540 220 325
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 50 25 25 875 400 480 160 75 90 5,615 2,635 2,980 1,910 875 1,040
Pangasinan 20 10 10 450 180 265 90 40 50 2,050 900 1,150 750 320 430
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 6,440 2,440 3,995 82,185 32,660 49,530 10,970 4,220 6,755 461,150 194,805 266,345 168,845 67,675 101,175
Waray-Waray 40 15 25 270 105 170 40 15 20 1,625 690 935 590 240 355
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 145 50 90 755 305 450 215 100 115 4,740 2,035 2,705 1,710 690 1,020
Creole languages 4,355 1,865 2,490 2,720 1,235 1,480 36,965 16,655 20,310 78,235 35,650 42,580 11,690 5,335 6,355
Haitian Creole 3,240 1,370 1,865 720 315 405 27,145 12,010 15,135 52,435 23,355 29,085 5,160 2,260 2,905
Jamaican English Creole 25 15 10 150 65 85 10 5 5 600 315 290 435 220 210
Krio 25 15 15 100 45 60 10 10 5 795 365 435 290 115 170
Morisyen 220 110 110 565 265 300 910 440 470 6,125 3,015 3,110 1,990 955 1,035
Sango 20 15 5 0 0 0 50 25 20 580 280 300 45 25 25
Creole, n.o.s. 750 310 445 765 350 415 8,605 4,065 4,535 15,550 7,325 8,230 2,690 1,255 1,435
Creole languages, n.i.e. 65 25 40 420 200 215 230 100 125 2,135 1,000 1,140 1,080 500 580
Dravidian languages 5,840 3,050 2,785 67,995 34,355 33,640 12,090 6,330 5,765 244,165 125,180 118,990 185,145 93,855 91,285
Kannada 330 165 165 1,185 600 575 225 140 90 6,240 3,215 3,020 4,335 2,215 2,115
Malayalam 1,350 725 625 7,290 4,225 3,065 1,315 700 610 54,050 29,375 24,670 32,805 17,970 14,835
Tamil 2,920 1,465 1,455 52,905 25,655 27,250 9,175 4,555 4,615 152,850 75,010 77,845 126,640 61,665 64,970
Telugu 1,200 675 520 6,450 3,790 2,660 1,350 915 430 30,045 17,095 12,950 20,715 11,690 9,030
Tulu 25 15 15 115 60 60 15 10 5 615 310 305 415 205 210
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 15 5 10 50 25 25 10 5 10 370 170 195 235 105 130
Georgian 40 20 20 1,095 590 505 105 45 55 2,180 1,175 1,005 1,650 890 760
Hmong-Mien languages 5 0 0 10 5 5 0 0 0 565 265 305 480 225 255
Indo-European languages 97,715 46,940 50,770 571,820 274,720 297,095 289,040 139,810 149,235 4,124,860 2,018,340 2,106,520 2,119,610 1,032,375 1,087,230
Albanian 765 390 380 9,195 4,540 4,660 1,795 885 910 29,265 14,690 14,580 20,720 10,295 10,425
Armenian 450 220 230 7,615 3,645 3,970 5,565 2,645 2,920 33,720 16,335 17,385 14,680 7,060 7,620
Balto-Slavic languages 20,590 9,180 11,410 105,980 47,080 58,905 29,665 13,025 16,635 648,810 297,100 351,710 377,895 172,690 205,205
Baltic languages 405 165 240 2,645 1,030 1,610 315 125 195 10,560 4,425 6,135 7,425 3,050 4,370
Latvian 215 90 125 1,165 450 715 115 55 60 4,430 1,875 2,555 3,050 1,250 1,800
Lithuanian 185 80 105 1,480 585 895 205 70 140 6,130 2,555 3,580 4,370 1,800 2,570
Slavic languages 20,185 9,015 11,175 103,340 46,045 57,290 29,350 12,905 16,445 638,250 292,670 345,580 370,475 169,640 200,840
Belarusian 50 25 20 135 55 80 30 15 15 720 325 395 440 200 240
Bulgarian 870 405 460 3,830 1,780 2,050 3,100 1,440 1,660 19,035 9,090 9,950 8,565 4,050 4,520
Czech 780 330 445 2,410 1,075 1,335 555 255 300 20,025 9,215 10,815 9,060 4,035 5,025
Macedonian 100 45 55 5,090 2,400 2,690 95 40 55 14,795 7,075 7,720 13,620 6,490 7,130
Polish 5,110 2,240 2,865 20,795 8,965 11,835 5,875 2,530 3,345 160,170 72,120 88,050 106,275 47,780 58,495
Russian 7,295 3,220 4,075 33,770 14,690 19,080 14,020 6,080 7,940 197,905 89,100 108,800 104,310 46,870 57,440
Rusyn 0 0 0 20 10 10 5 5 0 500 240 255 225 105 115
Serbo-Croatian 3,520 1,675 1,845 19,275 9,060 10,210 2,580 1,265 1,320 116,735 56,900 59,835 77,145 37,410 39,740
Bosnian 700 340 365 1,295 620 675 340 170 175 13,820 6,785 7,040 7,140 3,495 3,650
Croatian 980 460 520 4,990 2,220 2,775 865 415 450 43,500 20,755 22,740 28,385 13,465 14,925
Serbian 1,755 845 915 12,630 6,055 6,575 1,300 645 650 57,425 28,410 29,015 40,465 19,915 20,555
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 85 40 45 365 170 190 80 35 45 1,995 945 1,045 1,160 545 610
Slovak 530 225 300 2,765 1,290 1,475 345 130 220 15,255 6,930 8,320 8,675 3,910 4,765
Slovene (Slovenian) 180 65 110 1,425 575 850 240 100 140 7,965 3,425 4,535 5,520 2,350 3,175
Ukrainian 1,755 775 980 13,740 6,100 7,640 2,490 1,045 1,440 84,705 38,005 46,695 36,340 16,285 20,055
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 65 35 30 20 10 10 440 235 205 285 150 135
Celtic languages 80 35 40 195 100 100 40 25 10 2,150 1,110 1,045 795 390 405
Irish 20 10 10 95 55 40 10 5 0 665 355 315 225 120 105
Scottish Gaelic 15 10 5 35 20 15 0 5 0 425 210 210 170 85 85
Welsh 40 20 20 50 20 35 15 10 5 825 410 420 320 140 175
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 5 0 5 15 10 5 15 5 5 230 135 95 80 45 35
Germanic languages 7,545 3,440 4,100 17,060 7,825 9,230 11,285 5,660 5,630 463,400 221,365 242,035 167,265 78,455 88,810
Frisian 30 15 15 30 15 15 5 5 0 1,570 800 775 970 465 505
High German languages 4,615 2,035 2,580 12,605 5,640 6,970 9,860 4,925 4,935 301,570 142,580 158,990 102,915 47,630 55,285
German 4,305 1,880 2,420 10,700 4,765 5,930 3,360 1,560 1,795 272,865 128,250 144,615 89,075 40,865 48,205
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 10 5 0 0 0 0 9,065 4,530 4,540 8,895 4,435 4,460
Swiss German 180 75 100 305 130 170 235 125 110 7,575 3,740 3,835 2,390 1,125 1,265
Yiddish 130 75 55 1,600 735 865 6,270 3,240 3,025 12,060 6,060 6,005 2,555 1,200 1,350
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 2,215 1,070 1,140 3,005 1,520 1,480 895 465 430 138,655 67,815 70,840 56,725 27,350 29,375
Afrikaans 210 100 105 450 245 200 65 40 25 12,270 6,175 6,095 2,865 1,460 1,405
Dutch 1,910 920 990 2,430 1,215 1,210 740 390 345 80,315 39,000 41,310 41,240 19,735 21,505
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,670 4,255 4,420 1,930 965 970
Low Saxon 5 5 0 5 0 5 5 0 0 1,270 650 625 440 210 230
Plautdietsch 25 15 10 20 10 10 5 0 5 33,200 16,410 16,785 8,610 4,275 4,340
Vlaams (Flemish) 65 30 35 100 45 50 85 35 50 2,935 1,325 1,605 1,630 700 930
Scandinavian languages 660 310 350 1,375 625 755 480 245 230 20,275 9,500 10,775 6,440 2,905 3,530
Danish 270 125 145 535 235 300 150 70 80 9,945 4,750 5,195 3,370 1,545 1,830
Icelandic 20 15 5 50 25 20 30 15 15 905 430 480 175 80 95
Norwegian 130 50 80 190 80 105 65 35 30 3,535 1,675 1,860 800 350 445
Swedish 245 125 120 610 285 330 230 120 110 5,890 2,645 3,245 2,090 930 1,160
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 25 15 10 40 20 15 45 15 30 1,330 670 660 225 105 115
Greek 1,965 1,015 950 23,540 11,110 12,435 14,410 6,805 7,605 93,335 45,860 47,470 47,970 23,270 24,700
Indo-Iranian languages 35,860 18,365 17,490 207,390 106,275 101,105 58,285 30,880 27,410 1,659,505 847,400 812,105 884,995 452,190 432,805
Indo-Aryan languages 25,015 12,975 12,040 150,130 77,905 72,230 42,700 23,120 19,580 1,358,645 697,075 661,575 715,085 367,815 347,270
Assamese 10 0 5 115 60 55 20 10 10 545 265 280 325 150 175
Bengali 3,990 1,995 1,995 31,335 16,040 15,290 9,850 5,065 4,785 87,580 45,160 42,425 54,990 27,905 27,085
Gujarati 2,810 1,615 1,195 27,090 14,195 12,895 4,805 2,565 2,235 138,985 73,335 65,655 95,785 50,450 45,340
Hindi 4,225 2,230 1,995 22,300 12,140 10,165 3,655 2,135 1,520 152,825 79,585 73,240 87,035 45,590 41,445
Kacchi 150 55 95 1,575 675 900 90 40 45 6,930 3,100 3,830 3,880 1,760 2,120
Kashmiri 30 15 15 90 45 45 25 15 5 745 395 350 460 230 230
Konkani 125 60 65 745 365 380 55 35 20 3,425 1,675 1,745 2,595 1,260 1,340
Marathi 475 235 240 3,025 1,605 1,415 345 200 145 14,145 7,330 6,810 9,460 4,875 4,585
Nepali 1,005 495 510 3,275 1,670 1,605 330 170 160 23,425 11,920 11,510 12,430 6,280 6,155
Oriya languages 80 40 40 495 275 225 45 25 20 1,775 940 835 1,325 690 630
Odia 55 25 30 305 170 135 25 15 10 1,125 615 510 830 445 380
Oriya, n.o.s. 25 15 15 190 100 90 15 10 5 645 325 320 490 245 245
Punjabi (Panjabi) 5,610 2,980 2,630 21,230 11,065 10,170 16,345 9,050 7,290 666,585 341,515 325,065 260,075 135,000 125,075
Rohingya 0 0 0 15 0 10 0 0 0 545 265 280 290 145 145
Sindhi 100 50 45 550 285 265 45 30 20 3,985 2,070 1,915 2,670 1,375 1,300
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 920 440 480 3,260 1,605 1,655 390 205 190 18,000 8,895 9,110 11,040 5,400 5,645
Urdu 5,390 2,700 2,690 34,460 17,555 16,905 6,535 3,480 3,060 235,290 118,540 116,755 170,955 85,745 85,210
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 100 55 45 575 320 255 170 95 75 3,865 2,085 1,780 1,760 955 805
Iranian languages 10,830 5,385 5,450 57,210 28,350 28,860 15,575 7,755 7,820 300,555 150,160 150,390 169,765 84,295 85,470
Baluchi 10 5 0 90 50 40 5 5 0 555 305 250 335 185 150
Kurdish 785 400 385 1,865 1,085 780 435 245 190 16,485 8,770 7,715 9,120 4,850 4,275
Parsi 20 5 10 125 70 50 25 20 10 555 310 240 330 180 145
Pashto 1,285 660 625 4,390 2,285 2,105 975 525 450 19,520 10,170 9,355 12,780 6,585 6,195
Persian languages 8,690 4,285 4,405 50,490 24,715 25,770 14,065 6,930 7,135 262,625 130,180 132,440 146,700 72,240 74,460
Dari 2,320 1,125 1,200 10,715 5,190 5,525 1,085 520 565 57,220 28,070 29,155 34,340 16,650 17,685
Iranian Persian 5,735 2,840 2,900 34,575 16,910 17,665 11,665 5,750 5,915 179,425 89,070 90,360 97,135 47,970 49,165
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 630 325 310 5,200 2,620 2,585 1,315 665 650 25,975 13,040 12,930 15,230 7,615 7,615
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 45 20 20 245 140 110 70 30 35 815 425 390 495 260 240
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 50 30 20 15 5 15 305 165 140 145 85 65
Italic (Romance) languages 30,450 14,285 16,165 200,780 94,110 106,665 167,975 79,875 88,100 1,194,290 574,295 619,995 605,070 287,915 317,155
Catalan 35 10 20 120 55 60 190 90 95 905 470 440 285 140 140
Italian 7,960 3,880 4,080 50,995 23,065 27,930 57,590 26,825 30,760 319,505 154,295 165,205 194,125 92,875 101,255
Portuguese 5,655 2,715 2,935 60,360 28,845 31,510 18,080 8,625 9,455 240,680 115,235 125,450 153,750 73,670 80,080
Romanian 2,630 1,180 1,450 10,510 4,765 5,740 12,300 5,780 6,525 93,160 44,185 48,975 38,955 18,100 20,850
Spanish 14,140 6,475 7,660 78,575 37,275 41,295 79,720 38,505 41,210 538,870 259,500 279,375 217,245 102,760 114,490
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 35 20 20 225 100 120 100 45 55 1,165 610 550 710 370 345
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 65 35 30 20 10 10 385 195 185 205 105 100
Japanese 970 300 675 6,740 2,170 4,570 1,590 475 1,115 43,850 14,205 29,650 12,880 4,245 8,635
Korean 2,660 1,155 1,500 32,805 14,550 18,250 3,810 1,650 2,160 170,400 77,075 93,325 75,220 34,160 41,065
Mongolian 45 15 35 310 145 165 100 35 65 1,850 800 1,050 535 235 305
Niger-Congo languages 7,710 3,500 4,215 14,070 6,585 7,485 13,245 6,595 6,650 108,295 52,850 55,440 42,470 19,960 22,515
Akan (Twi) 365 175 185 3,640 1,685 1,955 620 305 315 13,120 6,400 6,720 9,325 4,405 4,915
Bamanankan 115 60 50 50 25 20 665 360 310 1,855 1,000 860 185 100 85
Edo 65 30 40 550 210 345 60 25 35 1,685 745 940 1,165 475 685
Éwé 95 45 55 125 75 55 330 185 150 1,955 1,030 920 485 235 245
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 125 65 65 205 95 105 1,245 640 605 3,520 1,825 1,695 480 245 230
Ga 50 25 30 165 80 90 45 25 20 815 400 415 510 235 275
Ganda 155 65 95 645 300 345 25 10 15 1,890 885 1,010 1,195 560 635
Gikuyu 65 20 45 150 70 85 0 5 0 760 320 440 460 180 280
Igbo 225 105 120 790 410 380 90 55 35 5,175 2,720 2,460 2,385 1,220 1,170
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 940 395 540 325 135 185 1,090 490 595 7,380 3,365 4,015 1,920 845 1,075
Lingala 380 160 220 215 95 120 1,680 750 930 4,260 1,925 2,335 825 350 475
Luba-Kasai 85 35 50 20 5 15 140 60 75 520 245 275 135 55 80
Mòoré 35 20 20 10 10 0 150 85 70 515 260 260 60 30 30
Mwani 40 20 15 85 45 40 20 10 10 695 365 325 345 180 165
Ndebele 20 10 10 100 45 55 30 15 20 920 420 500 335 155 180
Rundi (Kirundi) 1,885 845 1,040 240 105 130 1,320 595 720 8,660 4,035 4,625 2,705 1,225 1,480
Shona 120 50 75 370 175 190 80 40 40 3,605 1,665 1,940 1,580 710 875
Soninke 15 10 5 155 90 65 205 135 70 505 315 190 195 115 75
Sotho-Tswana languages 25 10 15 100 30 70 10 5 10 520 200 320 230 85 150
Swahili 1,420 640 775 2,255 1,050 1,210 795 385 400 16,000 7,630 8,370 6,445 3,010 3,440
Wojenaka 30 15 10 20 10 10 485 225 255 1,030 495 535 60 35 30
Wolof 145 80 65 145 70 75 1,495 800 690 4,890 2,605 2,285 460 240 220
Yoruba 640 310 330 2,495 1,195 1,295 625 325 295 15,015 7,605 7,410 7,335 3,560 3,775
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 685 315 370 1,220 575 645 2,045 1,060 980 13,000 6,405 6,590 3,655 1,710 1,940
Nilo-Saharan languages 355 175 185 360 190 170 340 190 155 6,920 3,565 3,355 1,935 955 985
Dinka 100 55 45 35 20 10 5 5 5 1,865 1,000 865 325 165 160
Nuer 70 25 40 10 10 5 0 0 0 1,090 515 570 320 150 170
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 170 90 85 240 120 120 275 150 120 3,395 1,745 1,645 1,125 555 570
African, n.o.s. 15 5 5 70 40 35 60 35 25 575 305 270 165 80 80
Sign languages 240 135 105 430 225 215 275 140 135 6,955 3,710 3,250 2,775 1,480 1,300
American Sign Language 170 100 70 365 185 180 35 20 15 4,965 2,635 2,335 2,360 1,235 1,125
Quebec Sign Language 20 15 10 0 0 0 185 90 95 990 520 465 35 20 15
Sign languages, n.i.e. 50 25 25 70 40 35 60 30 30 1,005 555 450 385 225 160
Sino-Tibetan languages 34,275 16,020 18,255 233,845 104,960 128,890 46,550 21,145 25,405 1,309,825 602,025 707,800 632,250 291,600 340,655
Chinese languages 33,415 15,610 17,800 227,685 101,945 125,740 46,390 21,080 25,315 1,292,640 593,580 699,055 621,980 286,570 335,410
Hakka 125 50 70 2,475 1,125 1,355 210 85 125 9,765 4,420 5,345 6,215 2,860 3,350
Mandarin 22,310 10,375 11,935 112,620 50,370 62,245 29,410 13,275 16,135 679,255 310,750 368,510 327,470 150,700 176,770
Min Dong 30 15 20 485 245 240 15 5 5 1,310 665 645 1,015 525 495
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 600 280 320 4,475 1,985 2,490 1,730 760 970 27,805 12,415 15,390 10,290 4,630 5,660
Wu (Shanghainese) 295 125 170 1,750 775 975 440 195 240 8,880 3,995 4,880 4,190 1,890 2,300
Yue (Cantonese) 9,675 4,565 5,110 103,530 46,375 57,150 13,690 6,300 7,390 553,380 255,540 297,835 267,425 123,440 143,990
Chinese, n.o.s. 355 190 170 2,240 1,010 1,230 855 435 420 11,610 5,500 6,110 5,080 2,385 2,690
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 25 10 20 110 50 55 45 20 25 630 295 330 300 140 160
Tibeto-Burman languages 800 380 425 6,080 2,980 3,100 120 55 70 16,600 8,160 8,445 10,000 4,905 5,095
Burmese 175 85 90 540 260 275 45 15 30 3,305 1,590 1,710 1,540 755 790
Kuki-Chin languages 205 90 115 5 0 10 0 0 0 870 400 475 440 200 240
Karenic languages 300 150 150 215 100 120 0 0 0 4,520 2,240 2,275 1,765 875 895
S'gaw Karen 285 140 145 175 80 95 0 0 0 3,900 1,940 1,960 1,530 755 775
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 15 5 5 40 15 20 0 0 0 615 305 315 235 115 120
Tibetan 60 30 30 5,155 2,535 2,620 65 30 35 7,025 3,475 3,545 5,785 2,845 2,940
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 65 25 35 165 90 75 10 10 5 890 445 440 460 230 230
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 55 25 25 80 35 45 35 15 20 585 285 295 275 130 145
Tai-Kadai languages 730 275 465 1,745 650 1,100 1,705 735 965 22,350 8,605 13,745 8,265 3,360 4,905
Lao 335 155 180 600 295 310 1,280 615 665 11,485 5,475 6,010 4,570 2,175 2,390
Thai 390 115 280 1,065 330 730 405 115 295 10,455 2,960 7,495 3,535 1,120 2,420
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 10 5 0 75 25 60 15 5 10 410 165 240 165 65 100
Turkic languages 2,980 1,585 1,390 13,515 7,230 6,290 5,370 2,745 2,625 53,520 28,385 25,135 32,270 17,020 15,250
Azerbaijani 160 85 75 1,280 705 570 250 155 95 4,490 2,460 2,030 2,870 1,545 1,325
Kazakh 25 10 15 145 65 80 25 15 15 540 230 305 255 115 135
Turkish 2,600 1,400 1,195 11,225 6,040 5,190 4,825 2,455 2,370 44,190 23,615 20,570 26,740 14,190 12,550
Uyghur 55 30 20 265 115 150 140 65 75 1,355 660 690 720 360 360
Uzbek 55 25 30 395 200 195 40 25 20 1,805 890 920 1,080 520 565
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 85 40 50 205 100 105 90 30 55 1,150 530 620 610 290 320
Uralic languages 1,740 800 935 12,495 5,505 6,990 2,190 965 1,225 68,180 31,000 37,180 42,270 19,005 23,265
Estonian 125 60 70 1,495 610 885 70 30 40 4,485 1,945 2,535 3,450 1,510 1,940
Finnish 260 105 155 1,090 405 685 140 55 85 12,200 5,075 7,120 7,650 3,210 4,445
Hungarian 1,345 640 710 9,915 4,490 5,415 1,985 880 1,105 51,500 23,980 27,525 31,170 14,290 16,875
Other languages, n.i.e. 45 25 25 170 80 85 80 40 35 1,060 540 520 460 220 240
Multiple responses 62,860 29,935 32,925 184,110 87,895 96,215 125,490 63,125 62,360 1,475,690 719,210 756,480 669,185 323,300 345,885
English and French 22,595 10,665 11,935 12,390 5,945 6,450 35,195 17,970 17,225 291,325 142,420 148,905 96,260 45,030 51,235
English and non-official language(s) 27,990 13,645 14,340 149,250 71,920 77,330 26,945 13,375 13,565 921,480 450,685 470,800 494,610 242,470 252,140
French and non-official language(s) 5,620 2,510 3,110 3,630 1,625 2,000 44,880 22,480 22,400 117,910 57,875 60,040 15,710 7,085 8,620
English, French and non-official language(s) 3,925 1,865 2,060 3,875 1,795 2,080 13,590 7,010 6,580 52,880 25,900 26,975 16,770 7,725 9,045
Multiple non-official languages 2,735 1,250 1,485 14,965 6,610 8,355 4,880 2,290 2,590 92,095 42,330 49,765 45,835 20,990 24,845
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data40 1,006,965 491,745 515,220 2,772,630 1,341,750 1,430,880 1,741,260 859,120 882,135 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 14,099,790 6,917,920 7,181,870
English 618,285 308,580 309,700 1,485,800 737,765 748,035 236,770 119,975 116,790 20,920,835 10,420,570 10,500,270 9,630,975 4,782,040 4,848,935
French 57,370 26,490 30,880 9,195 4,355 4,835 743,335 365,685 377,655 6,456,960 3,188,280 3,268,685 188,560 89,335 99,230
Non-official language 59,420 27,750 31,675 369,860 169,255 200,610 182,560 86,255 96,305 2,402,180 1,139,865 1,262,315 1,124,950 528,060 596,895
Indigenous39 85 35 50 40 15 20 70 30 40 50,460 25,385 25,080 2,630 1,260 1,375
Non-Indigenous 59,340 27,715 31,620 369,820 169,240 200,580 182,495 86,230 96,265 2,351,720 1,114,475 1,237,240 1,122,315 526,805 595,515
English and French 78,665 36,265 42,405 33,080 15,330 17,750 146,050 75,850 70,210 953,760 465,560 488,205 274,675 124,275 150,400
English and non-official language(s) 149,585 72,990 76,595 809,180 385,785 423,400 111,510 55,685 55,830 4,835,815 2,350,245 2,485,570 2,647,980 1,289,510 1,358,470
French and non-official language(s) 8,165 3,480 4,690 2,020 870 1,150 174,715 83,145 91,570 395,320 188,195 207,125 14,065 6,055 8,010
English, French and non-official language(s) 30,925 14,090 16,840 27,745 12,255 15,495 135,525 67,480 68,045 455,760 217,995 237,770 117,430 51,870 65,565
Multiple non-official languages 4,540 2,100 2,440 35,750 16,140 19,610 10,780 5,055 5,720 200,320 93,165 107,155 101,145 46,775 54,370
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data41 1,006,965 491,745 515,220 2,772,630 1,341,750 1,430,880 1,741,260 859,120 882,135 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 14,099,790 6,917,920 7,181,870
Single responses 942,180 461,005 481,175 2,569,065 1,245,330 1,323,735 1,586,665 782,610 804,055 35,057,615 17,305,575 17,752,035 13,384,695 6,573,230 6,811,465
Official languages 817,530 401,465 416,065 1,855,810 912,035 943,770 1,255,565 623,405 632,155 30,421,050 15,070,205 15,350,850 11,165,425 5,509,035 5,656,395
English 734,735 363,575 371,155 1,839,730 904,470 935,265 347,110 175,135 171,970 23,376,200 11,588,715 11,787,485 10,910,560 5,389,445 5,521,125
French 82,795 37,890 44,905 16,070 7,565 8,510 908,455 448,270 460,180 7,044,855 3,481,490 3,563,365 254,870 119,590 135,275
Non-official languages 124,650 59,540 65,110 713,255 333,295 379,960 331,100 159,200 171,905 4,636,560 2,235,370 2,401,190 2,219,265 1,064,195 1,155,070
Indigenous languages39 170 80 95 80 35 45 125 50 75 85,835 42,950 42,885 5,710 2,820 2,890
Algonquian languages 40 20 20 70 30 45 80 35 45 50,135 25,010 25,120 5,430 2,695 2,735
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 980 495 480 0 0 0
Cree-Innu languages 25 15 10 25 10 20 70 25 45 38,255 19,165 19,090 1,230 620 605
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 5 4,345 2,285 2,060 0 0 0
Cree languages 20 10 10 25 10 20 40 20 25 26,700 13,425 13,270 1,220 620 605
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 30 30 30 15 15
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 560 300 265 0 0 0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 10 5 5 0 0 0 20 10 10 2,545 1,225 1,315 15 10 5
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 5 0 5 10 5 5 0 0 0 665 305 360 135 50 85
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 0 1,455 730 725 5 0 5
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 0 830 430 405 15 10 5
Cree, n.o.s. 5 5 5 10 5 10 20 5 15 20,585 10,400 10,180 1,015 530 485
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 6,710 3,190 3,520 0 0 0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 505 260 245 5 0 5
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,650 1,250 1,395 20 10 5
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,595 1,225 1,365 20 10 5
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 25 25 0 0 0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 15 5 10 40 15 25 10 10 0 8,250 4,100 4,155 4,185 2,060 2,120
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 230 105 120 5 5 5
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 5 0 0 5 5 0 4,540 2,305 2,235 1,985 995 985
Ojibway languages 10 5 5 40 15 25 0 0 0 3,480 1,685 1,800 2,195 1,065 1,125
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 0 145 70 70 95 50 50
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 15 25 10 15
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 390 195 200 0 0 0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 10 5 10 30 15 15 0 0 0 2,925 1,405 1,515 2,070 1,005 1,065
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages 5 0 5 0 0 0 5 0 0 7,260 3,675 3,585 15 5 10
Northern Athabaskan languages 5 0 5 0 0 0 5 0 0 7,230 3,655 3,575 15 5 10
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 220 100 125 0 0 0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 10 15 0 0 0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,255 2,610 2,650 0 0 0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 20 5 0 0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 705 390 315 0 0 0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 200 110 95 0 0 0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 115 60 55 0 0 0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 395 220 175 0 0 0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 0 0 0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 0 0 0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 755 420 335 5 5 0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 165 85 75 0 0 0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 10 0 0 0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 20 20 10 0 10
Tlingit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 5 0 0 0
Haida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 5 0 0 0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 120 50 70 0 0 0 35 10 30 27,295 13,695 13,600 150 65 90
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 145 65 80 0 0 0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 45 55 0 0 0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 25 25 0 0 0
Inuktitut 115 50 70 0 0 0 30 5 25 27,140 13,625 13,520 150 65 90
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages 5 0 5 5 0 5 0 0 0 100 45 55 75 30 45
Cayuga 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 5 10 5 10
Mohawk 5 0 5 5 0 5 0 0 0 65 30 40 50 20 25
Oneida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 5 10 15 5 10
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 0 0 0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 0 0 0
Michif 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 80 70 15 5 10
Salish languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 260 130 130 5 0 0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 20 30 0 0 0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 20 20 0 0 0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 20 10 0 0 0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 40 40 0 0 0
Squamish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 0
Straits 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 15 10 0 0 0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 5 10 0 0 0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 0 0 0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 240 110 130 5 0 0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 10 0 0 0
Dakota 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 65 60 0 0 0
Stoney 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 40 55 0 0 0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 5 5 0 0 0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 220 115 105 0 0 0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 65 55 0 0 0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 40 45 0 0 0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 0 0 0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 70 25 40 0 0 0
Haisla 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 0 0 0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 0 0 0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 5 15 0 0 0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 5 15 0 0 0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 5 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 40 40 5 5 5
Non-Indigenous languages 124,480 59,465 65,015 713,175 333,260 379,915 330,975 159,150 171,830 4,550,725 2,192,420 2,358,305 2,213,555 1,061,375 1,152,180
Afro-Asiatic languages 32,290 15,555 16,735 39,890 18,995 20,900 61,235 31,705 29,525 395,840 197,010 198,830 181,660 88,245 93,420
Berber languages 210 110 105 45 30 20 6,795 3,645 3,145 11,295 5,940 5,355 365 195 170
Kabyle 145 75 70 25 15 15 6,320 3,390 2,930 10,180 5,325 4,850 220 115 100
Tamazight 60 30 30 10 5 0 360 195 165 840 455 380 100 55 45
Berber languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 15 10 5 110 55 50 280 155 130 45 25 20
Chadic languages 30 15 10 125 70 55 125 60 65 835 425 410 355 180 170
Hausa 20 10 5 115 65 45 80 45 45 635 330 305 325 165 155
Mina 10 5 5 10 5 5 40 15 25 200 95 105 30 10 15
Coptic 5 5 5 20 10 5 120 65 60 545 265 280 255 125 130
Cushitic languages 4,260 1,770 2,490 7,140 3,190 3,955 365 170 195 30,375 14,115 16,260 16,105 7,125 8,980
Bilen 55 30 25 95 55 40 10 5 10 1,645 890 760 800 440 355
Oromo 105 55 50 495 230 270 0 0 0 3,890 1,935 1,960 840 385 455
Somali 3,980 1,625 2,350 6,515 2,895 3,625 345 160 185 24,410 11,075 13,335 14,230 6,180 8,050
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 120 60 65 30 15 20 5 5 0 425 215 205 230 115 115
Semitic languages 27,780 13,655 14,120 32,565 15,700 16,865 53,825 27,770 26,060 352,790 176,270 176,520 164,590 80,620 83,970
Amharic 870 385 480 3,940 1,755 2,185 240 115 125 14,030 6,470 7,565 6,405 2,865 3,545
Arabic 25,805 12,715 13,090 18,060 8,910 9,150 52,330 27,000 25,325 285,915 143,650 142,260 124,865 61,605 63,260
Aramaic languages 70 30 35 4,345 2,080 2,265 75 30 45 20,740 9,940 10,800 18,120 8,680 9,440
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 35 15 20 3,485 1,655 1,825 35 5 25 12,935 6,150 6,785 11,870 5,645 6,225
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 15 5 10 730 355 375 5 5 5 6,585 3,185 3,400 5,550 2,685 2,865
Aramaic, n.o.s. 25 10 10 130 65 65 35 20 20 1,220 605 615 705 345 355
Harari 15 10 15 385 170 220 0 0 0 680 305 380 515 225 290
Hebrew 185 95 90 1,630 845 790 715 375 335 8,515 4,355 4,160 4,925 2,505 2,415
Maltese 5 0 5 275 125 145 0 0 0 795 360 435 770 350 420
Tigrigna 810 410 390 3,870 1,795 2,075 445 230 215 21,860 11,050 10,810 8,870 4,335 4,535
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 25 10 15 60 30 25 25 10 15 250 135 115 120 60 60
Austro-Asiatic languages 4,625 2,115 2,510 19,895 8,890 11,000 16,465 7,600 8,865 127,730 58,660 69,070 55,990 25,430 30,560
Khmer (Cambodian) 515 230 280 730 315 415 2,860 1,295 1,560 10,650 4,765 5,880 3,855 1,705 2,150
Vietnamese 4,115 1,885 2,230 19,130 8,560 10,570 13,590 6,300 7,290 116,785 53,735 63,055 52,080 23,700 28,380
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 35 15 20 15 5 10 300 160 135 55 25 30
Austronesian languages 4,440 1,920 2,520 62,525 26,740 35,790 9,325 3,930 5,395 326,245 149,550 176,700 115,225 50,755 64,470
Bikol 5 5 0 145 60 85 35 15 15 760 370 395 255 115 140
Bisaya, n.o.s. 60 20 35 735 305 430 170 75 100 4,125 1,895 2,230 1,355 600 760
Cebuano 175 75 100 1,575 670 905 425 180 250 10,195 4,720 5,480 3,140 1,380 1,760
Fijian 0 0 0 5 10 0 0 0 0 200 110 85 20 15 5
Hiligaynon 70 40 35 1,235 535 700 235 90 145 5,015 2,265 2,750 1,960 860 1,100
Ilocano 395 180 215 5,385 2,385 2,995 960 415 545 18,350 8,350 10,000 8,105 3,635 4,465
Indonesian 120 55 65 685 320 360 170 85 90 4,150 1,985 2,170 1,990 930 1,055
Kankanaey 20 5 10 130 60 70 5 0 0 585 265 320 210 100 110
Kinaray-a 10 0 5 85 45 45 20 10 5 320 150 170 110 55 60
Malagasy languages 35 10 25 0 0 0 115 55 60 725 370 355 45 15 35
Merina 15 0 15 0 0 0 65 30 35 330 165 170 15 0 15
Malagasy, n.o.s. 20 10 10 0 0 0 50 20 25 390 205 190 35 15 20
Malay 5 0 5 60 35 30 10 5 5 280 145 140 130 65 65
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 35 15 25 455 210 245 85 45 45 3,030 1,435 1,590 990 455 535
Pangasinan 10 0 5 160 70 85 25 10 15 680 310 375 250 115 140
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 3,425 1,475 1,950 51,355 21,815 29,535 6,960 2,890 4,070 275,045 125,870 149,170 95,635 41,970 53,660
Waray-Waray 20 10 15 120 40 70 10 5 5 680 325 360 230 90 140
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 55 30 30 395 175 225 95 45 50 2,100 1,000 1,105 785 355 435
Creole languages 2,235 915 1,325 1,485 650 830 17,395 7,710 9,685 35,195 15,455 19,740 6,165 2,705 3,460
Haitian Creole 1,650 670 985 400 165 235 12,640 5,455 7,185 22,610 9,620 12,990 2,640 1,115 1,525
Jamaican English Creole 5 0 0 80 30 50 5 5 5 300 125 175 195 75 115
Krio 15 5 10 50 20 25 0 0 0 360 150 210 140 60 85
Morisyen 135 65 75 430 205 225 475 225 250 3,640 1,760 1,880 1,425 685 735
Sango 10 10 5 0 0 0 10 10 5 295 135 160 30 15 15
Creole, n.o.s. 395 145 250 350 155 195 4,185 1,980 2,210 7,120 3,275 3,845 1,325 565 760
Creole languages, n.i.e. 25 15 10 175 75 100 75 40 40 870 395 475 420 195 225
Dravidian languages 3,600 1,845 1,755 49,945 24,780 25,165 9,345 4,775 4,570 169,705 85,265 84,440 129,245 64,385 64,855
Kannada 175 90 85 520 270 250 115 65 50 3,060 1,575 1,485 2,165 1,110 1,055
Malayalam 810 445 365 4,505 2,545 1,960 970 520 445 35,390 19,010 16,380 20,855 11,325 9,535
Tamil 1,915 925 995 40,825 19,600 21,225 7,425 3,635 3,790 112,335 54,240 58,095 93,165 44,735 48,425
Telugu 685 390 300 4,055 2,345 1,710 820 550 275 18,470 10,215 8,250 12,805 7,095 5,710
Tulu 5 0 5 25 10 10 10 5 5 240 120 120 145 65 75
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 10 0 5 20 5 15 5 0 5 205 105 105 110 55 60
Georgian 5 5 5 765 405 355 45 20 25 1,335 730 610 1,040 570 475
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 215 105 120 185 85 95
Indo-European languages 46,210 22,445 23,765 319,375 152,430 166,945 168,495 80,690 87,800 2,264,155 1,111,775 1,152,380 1,136,460 553,970 582,490
Albanian 355 175 175 4,390 2,170 2,225 1,050 505 540 14,110 7,005 7,100 9,880 4,875 5,005
Armenian 195 90 105 5,090 2,395 2,690 3,895 1,770 2,120 21,970 10,415 11,550 8,590 4,035 4,545
Balto-Slavic languages 9,300 4,365 4,935 53,790 24,470 29,325 17,140 7,850 9,295 303,480 143,495 159,985 181,290 84,870 96,420
Baltic languages 85 40 45 705 280 425 85 40 50 2,495 1,120 1,380 1,640 700 940
Latvian 40 20 20 285 115 175 35 20 15 880 395 485 535 225 310
Lithuanian 40 20 20 425 170 255 50 25 30 1,615 720 895 1,105 470 630
Slavic languages 9,215 4,325 4,890 53,085 24,185 28,900 17,055 7,810 9,250 300,985 142,375 158,610 179,650 84,175 95,475
Belarusian 30 20 10 40 20 20 5 5 5 215 100 115 145 70 75
Bulgarian 375 170 200 1,940 915 1,025 2,020 960 1,060 10,315 5,005 5,310 4,100 1,955 2,140
Czech 180 90 95 805 360 445 165 75 90 5,680 2,705 2,980 2,555 1,180 1,375
Macedonian 35 15 20 2,275 1,050 1,225 60 25 30 6,105 2,880 3,225 5,535 2,590 2,945
Polish 1,765 795 970 8,710 3,875 4,835 2,505 1,085 1,420 65,140 30,225 34,915 45,800 21,280 24,515
Russian 4,365 2,055 2,310 21,060 9,415 11,645 9,755 4,475 5,285 125,780 59,290 66,490 66,045 30,625 35,420
Rusyn 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 290 155 135 120 70 50
Serbo-Croatian 1,600 780 825 9,715 4,605 5,110 1,200 575 630 53,150 25,720 27,430 35,980 17,375 18,610
Bosnian 310 150 160 595 265 330 170 80 90 6,480 3,135 3,345 3,450 1,670 1,780
Croatian 320 155 165 1,815 815 1,005 365 165 200 14,925 6,965 7,960 9,990 4,660 5,335
Serbian 955 460 490 7,150 3,455 3,695 645 320 325 31,110 15,310 15,800 22,145 10,850 11,295
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 15 5 5 150 70 80 25 5 15 640 315 325 400 195 205
Slovak 155 75 75 1,475 735 740 70 30 40 5,015 2,410 2,605 3,070 1,470 1,600
Slovene (Slovenian) 25 10 15 335 130 205 85 40 45 1,375 595 785 1,000 420 580
Ukrainian 680 325 360 6,720 3,075 3,640 1,185 545 640 27,825 13,250 14,580 15,235 7,100 8,135
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 15 10 5 5 5 0 95 55 40 65 40 30
Celtic languages 10 5 5 25 15 15 5 10 0 555 295 265 140 75 65
Irish 5 0 0 15 10 5 5 5 0 310 165 145 65 35 25
Scottish Gaelic 5 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 105 55 55 25 10 15
Welsh 5 0 5 5 0 5 0 0 0 100 55 45 45 15 25
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 25 15 15 10 5
Germanic languages 730 345 385 2,160 1,015 1,145 6,300 3,280 3,020 140,450 68,575 71,875 40,600 19,895 20,700
Frisian 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 270 110 155 85 45 45
High German languages 460 205 260 1,530 700 830 6,055 3,160 2,895 103,780 50,460 53,325 28,670 14,000 14,665
German 430 185 240 1,290 590 695 510 245 270 86,820 41,815 45,005 20,680 10,015 10,670
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,270 3,640 3,630 7,180 3,590 3,590
Swiss German 25 15 15 60 30 30 20 10 10 1,750 870 875 560 280 280
Yiddish 10 5 5 185 80 100 5,525 2,905 2,615 7,950 4,140 3,810 250 115 130
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 190 95 90 430 220 215 145 70 75 33,710 16,730 16,980 11,190 5,540 5,650
Afrikaans 75 35 35 125 65 60 30 15 15 6,095 3,055 3,035 1,175 595 580
Dutch 115 60 55 290 145 145 105 55 50 8,100 3,950 4,150 4,055 2,000 2,050
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,965 2,480 2,485 1,265 630 640
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 490 240 245 185 85 100
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,845 6,895 6,945 4,415 2,185 2,235
Vlaams (Flemish) 5 5 0 10 5 5 10 0 5 220 100 120 95 40 50
Scandinavian languages 70 40 30 195 95 100 85 40 50 1,940 920 1,020 620 300 315
Danish 20 10 5 55 25 35 15 10 10 615 280 340 210 90 115
Icelandic 5 0 5 0 0 5 15 5 10 175 75 95 30 15 20
Norwegian 10 5 5 30 10 15 5 0 5 260 125 135 70 30 35
Swedish 35 25 15 110 55 55 45 20 25 890 435 450 310 160 145
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 5 5 5 0 0 0 10 0 5 740 355 390 40 15 20
Greek 570 265 310 11,130 4,965 6,165 7,530 3,370 4,165 38,300 17,490 20,810 19,065 8,615 10,455
Indo-Iranian languages 21,700 10,970 10,730 134,850 67,805 67,045 43,235 22,475 20,760 1,167,370 590,435 576,930 601,605 304,195 297,410
Indo-Aryan languages 14,950 7,725 7,220 96,005 49,180 46,825 32,115 17,085 15,025 962,820 490,815 472,000 487,535 248,975 238,560
Assamese 10 5 5 50 30 25 5 5 0 215 110 110 145 75 70
Bengali 2,425 1,190 1,235 20,505 10,255 10,250 7,290 3,630 3,660 56,750 28,435 28,315 34,830 17,260 17,570
Gujarati 1,585 910 675 18,045 9,355 8,690 3,250 1,705 1,545 92,005 47,790 44,215 63,145 32,735 30,405
Hindi 2,285 1,195 1,090 12,995 6,990 6,000 2,460 1,380 1,075 91,930 47,555 44,375 52,420 27,250 25,175
Kacchi 50 20 30 770 335 435 60 30 35 3,055 1,310 1,750 1,655 725 925
Kashmiri 5 5 5 35 15 25 0 0 0 270 130 140 145 65 75
Konkani 25 10 15 190 95 95 15 5 5 880 415 470 640 295 345
Marathi 195 100 100 1,470 760 710 160 90 70 7,460 3,800 3,660 4,975 2,540 2,440
Nepali 710 355 355 2,235 1,150 1,085 225 115 105 16,835 8,595 8,235 8,910 4,555 4,355
Oriya languages 35 20 20 270 145 120 5 5 0 795 420 375 655 345 310
Odia 25 10 15 170 90 80 5 5 0 525 275 250 420 220 200
Oriya, n.o.s. 10 5 5 95 55 40 0 0 0 270 145 130 230 125 110
Punjabi (Panjabi) 3,825 2,040 1,790 14,450 7,555 6,890 13,485 7,465 6,020 520,390 266,775 253,610 198,670 103,170 95,495
Rohingya 0 0 0 10 5 10 0 0 0 410 195 215 220 105 110
Sindhi 40 20 20 240 115 125 10 10 0 2,110 1,060 1,050 1,390 700 690
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 505 240 265 1,750 875 870 245 130 115 9,665 4,775 4,890 5,795 2,870 2,925
Urdu 3,210 1,605 1,605 22,650 11,320 11,325 4,795 2,465 2,335 158,040 78,420 79,615 113,020 55,810 57,215
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 40 20 15 340 180 165 105 55 50 2,015 1,040 975 930 470 455
Iranian languages 6,745 3,240 3,500 38,835 18,610 20,225 11,115 5,390 5,730 204,420 99,545 104,875 114,005 55,190 58,815
Baluchi 0 0 0 75 40 35 0 0 0 330 170 155 195 105 90
Kurdish 455 210 245 1,045 570 480 220 120 105 10,380 5,245 5,135 5,560 2,815 2,740
Parsi 10 5 5 60 25 40 15 5 5 280 130 150 170 80 90
Pashto 865 420 450 3,230 1,655 1,575 750 405 350 13,215 6,670 6,545 8,670 4,315 4,360
Persian languages 5,400 2,600 2,800 34,250 16,225 18,025 10,090 4,835 5,250 179,745 87,075 92,670 99,095 47,705 51,395
Dari 1,325 625 700 7,145 3,340 3,810 675 320 355 36,190 17,395 18,795 21,150 10,030 11,120
Iranian Persian 3,695 1,790 1,905 23,600 11,195 12,405 8,570 4,115 4,460 125,840 61,060 64,780 67,320 32,510 34,810
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 375 180 200 3,500 1,685 1,810 845 400 440 17,715 8,620 9,095 10,625 5,160 5,465
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 10 10 5 170 100 70 35 15 20 475 250 225 310 170 135
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 15 5 10 10 0 5 125 70 55 65 35 30
Italic (Romance) languages 13,355 6,225 7,130 107,915 49,595 58,320 89,325 41,435 47,885 577,735 273,965 303,770 275,210 127,365 147,850
Catalan 15 10 5 50 20 25 75 30 40 370 185 190 105 50 55
Italian 1,995 885 1,110 21,040 8,375 12,665 21,255 8,905 12,350 92,755 38,750 54,005 58,670 24,180 34,495
Portuguese 2,890 1,410 1,480 35,625 17,105 18,520 9,715 4,550 5,165 118,730 56,685 62,045 74,745 35,620 39,120
Romanian 1,185 535 650 4,755 2,150 2,600 7,290 3,495 3,800 48,090 23,135 24,955 17,755 8,280 9,480
Spanish 7,265 3,390 3,870 46,355 21,900 24,455 50,960 24,440 26,520 317,365 155,005 162,360 123,690 59,125 64,570
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 10 5 0 100 40 55 40 25 15 425 210 220 240 110 130
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 20 10 10 5 5 5 190 95 95 90 45 40
Japanese 380 145 235 3,105 1,280 1,825 705 285 425 20,055 8,290 11,765 5,875 2,485 3,390
Korean 1,555 715 840 23,115 10,510 12,605 2,705 1,205 1,495 125,525 58,250 67,275 53,585 24,865 28,720
Mongolian 30 10 20 185 100 90 55 25 30 1,050 505 545 290 145 145
Niger-Congo languages 3,040 1,320 1,725 5,745 2,605 3,140 4,240 2,060 2,180 38,600 18,055 20,545 16,065 7,275 8,785
Akan (Twi) 120 50 70 1,925 835 1,090 340 160 180 6,000 2,755 3,240 4,370 1,945 2,425
Bamanankan 35 15 20 30 15 15 205 100 105 560 280 280 80 40 40
Edo 20 5 15 135 50 85 20 10 10 365 150 215 270 105 170
Éwé 20 10 15 35 15 15 85 45 40 470 225 245 120 50 65
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 55 25 30 95 40 55 455 235 220 1,315 665 650 220 110 115
Ga 10 5 10 65 25 35 20 10 10 260 115 150 170 70 100
Ganda 35 15 15 200 95 110 5 0 5 555 260 295 345 160 180
Gikuyu 5 0 0 35 20 15 0 0 0 105 50 55 70 35 35
Igbo 45 25 20 215 105 115 20 10 10 1,530 770 765 660 330 330
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 415 165 250 130 60 70 335 145 190 2,720 1,205 1,520 775 330 445
Lingala 150 60 85 95 45 55 570 255 320 1,520 655 860 330 135 190
Luba-Kasai 25 5 15 5 5 5 10 5 5 90 35 60 35 10 25
Mòoré 5 5 0 0 0 0 25 10 10 70 30 35 10 5 5
Mwani 5 0 0 30 15 15 10 5 0 160 85 75 80 40 35
Ndebele 5 0 5 40 20 20 5 0 5 295 130 160 115 55 60
Rundi (Kirundi) 1,000 455 545 130 60 70 465 215 250 3,780 1,760 2,025 1,375 630 750
Shona 25 10 15 95 40 60 35 15 20 1,035 480 555 450 195 250
Soninke 10 10 5 85 55 30 95 65 30 235 145 85 105 60 40
Sotho-Tswana languages 5 0 5 35 15 20 0 0 0 130 45 85 55 20 35
Swahili 645 265 380 1,005 455 555 290 155 135 7,055 3,290 3,765 2,775 1,250 1,525
Wojenaka 20 15 5 5 5 0 130 50 80 290 130 160 35 25 15
Wolof 50 20 25 50 25 25 600 325 275 1,945 1,040 910 165 80 80
Yoruba 225 100 125 935 425 510 180 85 90 5,395 2,505 2,890 2,640 1,200 1,435
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 120 50 70 355 180 180 330 150 185 2,720 1,250 1,470 835 400 435
Nilo-Saharan languages 130 55 80 125 60 70 105 60 45 3,155 1,555 1,600 820 380 440
Dinka 30 10 15 10 10 5 0 0 0 900 485 420 125 55 70
Nuer 25 5 20 10 5 5 5 0 0 645 295 355 185 80 110
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 75 35 40 80 35 45 95 55 40 1,465 705 760 460 220 240
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 25 15 10 10 5 5 140 75 70 45 25 20
Sign languages 400 225 170 860 500 355 515 300 220 12,160 7,005 5,160 5,010 2,900 2,115
American Sign Language 295 165 130 635 385 255 90 45 40 8,175 4,660 3,515 3,920 2,240 1,680
Quebec Sign Language 20 10 10 0 0 0 305 165 140 1,475 830 645 50 30 20
Sign languages, n.i.e. 80 50 30 225 115 110 125 85 40 2,520 1,515 1,000 1,035 625 410
Sino-Tibetan languages 22,960 10,900 12,060 172,010 78,390 93,615 35,185 16,285 18,900 967,965 450,210 517,755 469,325 219,365 249,965
Chinese languages 22,375 10,620 11,760 167,280 76,080 91,200 35,100 16,245 18,855 955,685 444,115 511,565 461,870 215,705 246,165
Hakka 35 15 20 1,075 475 600 75 35 35 3,625 1,645 1,985 2,540 1,170 1,370
Mandarin 16,200 7,760 8,440 86,150 39,880 46,265 23,585 10,965 12,620 530,945 249,675 281,270 253,860 120,260 133,600
Min Dong 25 10 15 330 160 170 5 0 5 775 370 405 650 310 340
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 235 100 130 2,270 1,000 1,265 1,050 460 590 13,945 6,255 7,685 4,890 2,195 2,700
Wu (Shanghainese) 190 90 100 1,130 515 615 285 135 145 5,750 2,705 3,050 2,765 1,300 1,465
Yue (Cantonese) 5,515 2,535 2,980 74,845 33,360 41,490 9,590 4,395 5,195 393,430 180,000 213,435 193,955 88,915 105,040
Chinese, n.o.s. 175 105 75 1,430 655 770 505 250 255 6,985 3,360 3,625 3,090 1,495 1,595
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 10 0 5 45 25 20 10 5 5 225 110 115 110 55 55
Tibeto-Burman languages 535 255 280 4,700 2,305 2,400 65 30 35 11,990 5,960 6,035 7,310 3,585 3,720
Burmese 105 55 50 330 155 170 30 10 20 2,075 1,010 1,070 960 460 505
Kuki-Chin languages 140 65 80 5 0 0 0 0 0 660 320 340 305 140 165
Karenic languages 210 100 110 145 65 75 0 0 0 3,400 1,725 1,675 1,275 640 630
S'gaw Karen 200 95 100 110 55 55 0 0 0 2,960 1,500 1,460 1,105 555 550
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 30 10 15 0 0 0 440 225 210 170 85 80
Tibetan 30 10 15 4,120 2,030 2,090 35 20 15 5,395 2,680 2,705 4,540 2,245 2,300
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 40 20 20 100 50 55 0 0 0 465 225 240 225 110 115
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 50 20 25 30 10 20 20 10 15 290 135 155 145 70 80
Tai-Kadai languages 295 125 175 770 340 430 870 405 465 10,120 4,660 5,460 3,995 1,875 2,120
Lao 170 75 90 275 135 140 715 350 370 5,955 2,850 3,105 2,395 1,145 1,245
Thai 120 45 80 450 190 265 150 60 90 3,955 1,725 2,230 1,520 700 820
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 45 15 25 0 0 0 210 85 125 85 35 55
Turkic languages 1,895 1,000 890 8,360 4,310 4,045 3,575 1,790 1,780 32,490 16,530 15,960 19,965 10,165 9,800
Azerbaijani 60 30 30 690 350 335 100 60 40 2,200 1,095 1,105 1,445 715 730
Kazakh 15 5 5 10 10 5 5 0 5 105 55 50 40 20 20
Turkish 1,715 910 800 7,155 3,705 3,455 3,325 1,665 1,660 27,970 14,290 13,685 17,160 8,770 8,390
Uyghur 40 25 10 185 90 100 100 45 60 850 420 435 490 250 240
Uzbek 30 10 20 225 115 110 15 10 10 950 470 480 580 285 300
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 35 15 20 90 45 50 25 10 10 410 195 210 250 125 130
Uralic languages 380 170 210 4,940 2,240 2,700 695 285 415 18,790 8,625 10,165 12,465 5,690 6,780
Estonian 15 5 10 325 115 210 0 0 0 615 245 370 485 180 300
Finnish 25 10 15 155 70 85 20 10 15 1,880 825 1,050 1,140 500 640
Hungarian 345 160 185 4,460 2,050 2,410 675 275 400 16,295 7,550 8,745 10,835 5,000 5,835
Other languages, n.i.e. 15 5 10 75 40 40 25 10 10 390 195 195 195 90 100
Multiple responses 64,785 30,740 34,045 203,565 96,420 107,150 154,590 76,515 78,075 1,563,345 758,295 805,045 715,095 344,690 370,405
English and French 19,180 8,785 10,395 7,520 3,465 4,055 45,705 23,415 22,290 230,955 112,070 118,880 59,725 27,005 32,720
English and non-official language(s) 37,595 18,375 19,220 188,260 89,520 98,740 32,655 15,945 16,710 1,123,355 546,255 577,095 624,265 303,790 320,480
French and non-official language(s) 3,505 1,500 2,010 1,050 460 595 55,175 26,790 28,385 125,525 60,405 65,125 6,475 2,810 3,665
English, French and non-official language(s) 3,785 1,745 2,040 2,630 1,175 1,455 19,445 9,630 9,820 56,805 27,370 29,430 12,185 5,465 6,715
Multiple non-official languages 720 340 380 4,100 1,800 2,305 1,605 740 865 26,705 12,190 14,515 12,445 5,620 6,825
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data42 1,006,965 491,745 515,220 2,772,630 1,341,750 1,430,880 1,741,260 859,120 882,135 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,085 14,099,790 6,917,915 7,181,870
None 786,960 387,530 399,430 2,031,410 990,095 1,041,310 1,279,175 629,625 649,555 31,053,450 15,366,470 15,686,980 11,528,735 5,680,910 5,847,825
English 67,365 32,330 35,040 269,945 129,305 140,645 115,715 59,690 56,025 1,956,965 969,380 987,580 903,960 442,585 461,380
French 48,965 22,695 26,265 26,595 12,125 14,470 109,450 53,550 55,895 571,040 268,530 302,510 189,420 84,900 104,520
Non-official language 70,130 33,325 36,800 341,655 160,845 180,805 129,625 62,430 67,195 2,248,130 1,071,870 1,176,260 1,136,770 544,150 592,620
Indigenous39 430 165 265 325 150 175 145 55 90 63,565 29,285 34,280 9,310 4,115 5,190
Non-Indigenous 69,695 33,160 36,535 341,325 160,695 180,630 129,480 62,370 67,105 2,184,565 1,042,590 1,141,975 1,127,465 540,035 587,425
English and French 5,080 2,335 2,740 3,695 1,680 2,015 29,960 15,165 14,790 86,185 42,600 43,585 16,580 7,565 9,020
English and non-official language(s) 9,150 4,495 4,655 43,120 21,070 22,050 35,695 18,170 17,525 323,845 161,995 161,850 140,865 70,400 70,470
French and non-official language(s) 11,250 5,085 6,170 13,575 5,895 7,675 27,860 13,495 14,370 134,565 61,575 72,995 52,565 22,740 29,820
English, French and non-official language(s) 580 290 290 895 445 450 3,580 1,835 1,740 11,870 5,975 5,895 2,920 1,450 1,465
Multiple non-official languages 7,485 3,665 3,820 41,745 20,285 21,455 10,200 5,165 5,035 234,905 115,470 119,430 127,975 63,220 64,755
Knowledge of languagesThe letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice.
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data43 1,000,935 489,105 511,830 2,761,290 1,336,390 1,424,895 1,723,225 851,610 871,615 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,310 14,031,755 6,887,570 7,144,185
Official languages 985,515 483,135 502,380 2,637,775 1,287,455 1,350,320 1,681,610 834,860 846,755 35,644,660 17,656,300 17,988,360 13,688,615 6,750,410 6,938,210
English 971,415 477,215 494,200 2,635,255 1,286,345 1,348,915 1,216,575 623,125 593,455 31,628,570 15,769,105 15,859,470 13,650,230 6,733,550 6,916,680
French 379,320 173,190 206,130 238,505 104,650 133,855 1,475,945 727,525 748,420 10,563,235 5,115,365 5,447,875 1,550,545 690,530 860,020
Non-official languages 339,240 160,670 178,570 1,536,605 724,300 812,305 862,365 420,005 442,360 10,724,700 5,156,300 5,568,400 5,058,180 2,428,200 2,629,980
Indigenous languages39 1,390 630 765 870 385 490 800 315 485 243,155 116,360 126,795 29,850 13,765 16,080
Algonquian languages 625 280 340 715 300 415 365 150 210 163,815 78,135 85,675 26,775 12,415 14,355
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,680 3,120 3,560 0 0 0
Cree-Innu languages 265 120 140 190 85 100 260 100 160 105,850 50,975 54,870 5,205 2,540 2,670
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 15 6,815 3,455 3,360 15 0 15
Cree languages 245 110 135 185 85 95 150 60 90 87,875 42,340 45,530 5,155 2,520 2,640
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0 420 220 200 335 180 150
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 895 450 445 10 10 0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 50 25 30 15 10 15 65 30 40 4,880 2,320 2,555 200 70 130
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 90 45 45 50 20 25 0 0 0 4,675 2,025 2,645 1,165 510 655
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 25 10 15 25 0 25 0 0 0 12,005 5,440 6,555 135 50 90
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0 5,110 2,460 2,650 95 60 35
Cree, n.o.s. 65 20 45 75 40 35 70 25 45 61,000 29,930 31,070 3,340 1,685 1,650
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 25 60 10,745 4,935 5,805 20 15 10
Naskapi 10 10 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 1,035 515 525 20 10 15
Eastern Algonquian languages 55 35 20 55 15 40 25 10 10 10,035 4,770 5,260 295 120 170
Mi'kmaq 35 20 15 55 15 40 25 10 10 9,245 4,370 4,880 250 105 150
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 25 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 820 420 400 35 15 20
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 285 110 175 500 215 295 90 50 45 42,865 20,015 22,850 21,560 9,880 11,680
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 30 10 20 0 0 0 30 20 15 1,950 895 1,060 135 65 70
Oji-Cree 20 10 10 15 0 15 0 0 0 15,305 7,450 7,855 6,260 2,945 3,315
Ojibway languages 245 95 150 480 215 270 55 30 30 26,160 11,930 14,235 15,530 7,035 8,500
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 85 30 55 95 35 60 35 15 25 2,035 875 1,165 1,295 510 785
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0 215 80 135 210 80 130
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,625 1,670 1,955 115 65 55
Ojibway, n.o.s. 150 50 105 385 175 205 20 15 10 20,720 9,495 11,225 14,155 6,465 7,690
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 165 100 65 95 55 35
Athabaskan languages 25 20 10 25 20 10 35 20 15 20,390 9,635 10,755 115 65 50
Northern Athabaskan languages 25 20 10 20 10 0 30 20 10 20,135 9,515 10,620 105 60 45
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,550 680 870 0 0 0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 270 125 145 0 0 0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 15 10 0 0 0 0 11,560 5,470 6,085 50 30 20
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 295 115 180 0 0 0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10 2,330 1,140 1,190 15 10 0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 775 355 420 0 0 0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 415 195 215 0 0 0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 0 1,210 620 590 15 10 0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 480 265 220 0 0 0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245 130 115 0 0 0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 235 140 100 0 0 0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,140 1,080 1,060 0 0 0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 40 95 0 0 0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 870 400 470 0 0 0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 175 75 100 0 0 0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 320 120 190 0 0 0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 50 85 0 0 0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 140 50 85 0 0 0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 25 25 0 0 0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 290 140 150 25 10 10
Tlingit 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 150 75 75 10 10 0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 110 55 55 0 0 0
Haida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245 90 155 0 0 0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 640 275 365 40 20 25 315 75 235 42,795 20,980 21,820 1,000 445 550
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,140 505 630 25 15 10
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 795 365 430 25 15 10
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 350 145 205 0 0 0
Inuktitut 630 265 365 40 20 25 310 75 235 41,680 20,495 21,185 970 425 540
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 30 40 15 0 10
Iroquoian languages 70 25 50 50 20 30 65 50 20 2,055 880 1,175 1,625 650 980
Cayuga 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 230 95 135 210 85 125
Mohawk 50 20 30 45 20 25 60 45 20 1,605 655 950 1,220 465 755
Oneida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 210 105 110 210 105 110
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 15 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 35 25 35 10 20
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 215 90 120 0 0 0
Michif 15 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 1,905 850 1,050 135 45 85
Salish languages 15 0 0 10 10 0 10 10 0 5,305 2,555 2,755 65 45 20
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,415 670 745 0 0 0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 600 285 305 0 0 0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 510 300 215 25 10 15
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,090 510 580 10 10 0
Squamish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 350 165 185 0 0 0
Straits 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 325 135 185 0 0 0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 705 320 390 0 0 0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 360 190 175 20 15 0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,965 1,465 1,495 65 50 20
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 370 195 175 20 15 0
Dakota 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,530 715 810 15 0 10
Stoney 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 925 470 455 0 0 0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 325 180 140 30 25 0
Tsimshian languages 15 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,665 1,335 1,335 25 10 20
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,135 555 580 10 0 10
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,110 595 515 20 10 10
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 465 210 255 0 0 0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 10 10 0 10 10 0 2,205 1,010 1,200 20 20 0
Haisla 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 295 145 145 0 0 0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 335 170 170 0 0 0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 820 355 465 10 10 0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 700 315 390 0 0 0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 30 25 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 10 10 0 15 10 0 645 310 335 70 30 45
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 10 10 0 15 0 10 0 0 0 855 405 450 245 125 120
Non-Indigenous languages 338,015 160,135 177,885 1,535,860 723,970 811,890 861,690 419,765 441,925 10,485,595 5,041,770 5,443,825 5,029,345 2,414,910 2,614,440
Afro-Asiatic languages 82,330 41,340 40,990 119,095 59,300 59,800 193,965 101,880 92,090 1,100,035 565,845 534,195 481,620 242,565 239,050
Berber languages 730 365 365 305 185 120 23,765 12,670 11,095 42,835 22,775 20,060 1,570 845 725
Kabyle 520 265 260 180 105 75 21,490 11,425 10,070 37,415 19,660 17,755 950 490 460
Tamazight 205 110 95 115 70 45 2,020 1,120 900 4,735 2,720 2,015 475 270 205
Berber languages, n.i.e. 40 10 30 45 25 15 560 290 270 1,330 750 575 215 125 95
Chadic languages 400 210 195 610 325 285 1,205 655 545 7,090 3,740 3,350 2,210 1,060 1,140
Hausa 300 155 150 560 300 260 575 370 210 5,080 2,695 2,380 2,005 955 1,045
Mina 100 50 45 40 25 20 625 290 340 2,010 1,040 965 200 105 95
Coptic 155 80 70 215 110 110 745 385 360 3,690 1,790 1,900 2,130 1,000 1,130
Cushitic languages 10,730 4,890 5,840 19,090 8,780 10,315 1,160 540 615 71,930 34,430 37,500 41,520 19,095 22,425
Bilen 170 110 60 175 105 70 15 10 0 2,745 1,490 1,260 1,335 750 585
Oromo 305 145 155 1,725 840 885 10 0 0 9,635 4,860 4,780 2,950 1,400 1,550
Somali 10,040 4,510 5,535 17,155 7,790 9,370 1,115 515 600 59,005 27,735 31,270 36,825 16,695 20,135
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 295 160 135 225 125 105 50 15 40 1,400 760 645 815 445 370
Semitic languages 72,430 36,845 35,585 101,800 51,415 50,385 182,025 95,605 86,420 1,015,485 524,700 490,780 443,215 225,035 218,175
Amharic 3,125 1,545 1,580 13,295 6,275 7,020 780 375 405 48,305 23,910 24,395 22,815 11,015 11,800
Arabic 66,380 33,855 32,530 59,680 31,035 28,645 173,385 91,115 82,270 838,045 436,510 401,540 342,860 175,790 167,075
Aramaic languages 235 110 125 7,625 3,755 3,875 215 95 125 39,655 19,690 19,965 33,950 16,770 17,175
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 105 45 60 6,015 2,905 3,115 45 20 25 23,865 11,765 12,100 21,640 10,590 11,045
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 50 15 25 1,380 715 665 10 10 0 13,285 6,625 6,655 11,170 5,565 5,605
Aramaic, n.o.s. 80 50 30 350 195 155 155 70 95 3,195 1,625 1,570 1,685 860 820
Harari 85 30 50 1,090 490 595 0 0 0 2,000 925 1,075 1,610 720 890
Hebrew 2,170 1,145 1,025 19,995 10,000 9,995 7,665 4,080 3,580 83,205 42,515 40,685 47,380 24,020 23,360
Maltese 60 25 35 1,620 795 825 20 10 10 6,535 3,080 3,450 6,055 2,840 3,210
Tigrigna 2,045 1,035 1,015 9,440 4,465 4,975 820 400 420 45,970 23,120 22,845 19,755 9,645 10,105
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 130 75 60 285 185 105 75 50 25 1,760 1,065 695 685 410 270
Austro-Asiatic languages 9,935 4,585 5,345 40,125 18,090 22,035 30,875 14,470 16,405 260,030 120,035 139,995 115,355 52,805 62,550
Khmer (Cambodian) 1,520 665 855 1,830 760 1,075 6,850 3,180 3,675 28,390 13,100 15,290 10,085 4,540 5,535
Vietnamese 8,490 3,950 4,535 38,420 17,385 21,035 24,550 11,565 12,985 232,800 107,435 125,355 105,800 48,475 57,325
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 10 0 10 135 55 80 50 25 30 910 455 455 275 100 180
Austronesian languages 12,405 4,905 7,500 143,975 57,795 86,190 24,510 9,720 14,785 793,275 336,445 456,840 292,100 117,695 174,400
Bikol 20 10 15 730 315 415 175 65 110 4,260 1,975 2,275 1,345 565 785
Bisaya, n.o.s. 180 85 95 1,845 730 1,115 450 200 255 10,990 4,625 6,375 3,410 1,370 2,040
Cebuano 645 240 405 4,725 1,855 2,870 1,155 395 755 33,045 13,790 19,250 11,100 4,270 6,835
Fijian 0 0 0 90 50 40 0 0 0 1,765 900 865 210 110 100
Hiligaynon 375 175 200 3,700 1,470 2,230 765 265 500 16,385 6,650 9,735 6,435 2,535 3,900
Ilocano 1,445 570 875 16,205 6,315 9,890 2,925 1,225 1,700 61,680 25,280 36,400 26,205 10,300 15,905
Indonesian 855 380 475 2,890 1,305 1,585 805 365 440 19,815 8,895 10,915 8,175 3,680 4,495
Kankanaey 70 20 55 380 155 230 45 25 20 1,950 770 1,175 620 255 365
Kinaray-a 35 10 30 175 85 90 85 25 60 860 345 510 310 130 180
Malagasy languages 125 65 60 35 0 35 835 405 425 3,885 1,960 1,920 270 115 150
Merina 15 0 10 10 0 10 655 320 335 2,355 1,215 1,140 35 0 30
Malagasy, n.o.s. 110 60 55 25 0 25 185 90 90 1,565 785 780 235 110 125
Malay 380 160 225 1,720 800 925 355 190 165 10,770 4,995 5,775 4,370 1,965 2,410
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 60 25 40 1,620 675 950 355 165 200 10,555 4,690 5,865 3,390 1,395 1,990
Pangasinan 70 30 45 860 355 505 120 55 65 4,455 1,885 2,575 1,610 650 960
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 10,525 4,075 6,450 135,600 53,930 81,670 21,575 8,340 13,235 737,565 310,735 426,830 271,450 108,415 163,035
Waray-Waray 110 30 80 920 360 560 120 55 65 4,520 1,910 2,610 1,810 705 1,105
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 510 210 300 3,135 1,305 1,830 905 390 515 20,140 8,785 11,355 6,850 2,845 4,005
Creole languages 10,580 4,660 5,920 9,055 3,840 5,210 74,245 33,880 40,365 184,840 85,045 99,790 36,585 16,590 19,990
Haitian Creole 8,565 3,695 4,865 1,995 865 1,130 66,445 30,045 36,400 134,895 61,215 73,680 14,220 6,345 7,875
Jamaican English Creole 145 90 60 1,175 435 740 215 115 105 4,875 2,200 2,675 3,385 1,515 1,870
Krio 65 20 45 220 90 130 60 25 40 1,955 870 1,090 650 240 410
Morisyen 595 300 300 1,540 725 815 2,365 1,215 1,140 15,345 7,620 7,725 5,645 2,735 2,910
Sango 75 30 40 10 0 0 185 100 80 1,535 785 750 270 105 165
Creole, n.o.s. 1,355 580 770 3,305 1,330 1,980 11,950 5,630 6,320 31,220 14,400 16,825 10,235 4,450 5,785
Creole languages, n.i.e. 410 200 215 1,235 560 675 1,520 685 835 9,585 4,575 5,005 4,065 1,960 2,105
Dravidian languages 8,700 4,595 4,105 98,850 50,540 48,310 16,725 8,745 7,975 359,485 185,160 174,325 272,060 139,105 132,950
Kannada 840 470 370 3,625 1,880 1,750 540 325 215 18,420 9,660 8,760 12,930 6,720 6,215
Malayalam 1,920 1,075 840 11,165 6,325 4,835 1,760 935 825 77,910 42,025 35,890 48,025 26,105 21,915
Tamil 4,800 2,435 2,370 77,785 38,640 39,145 12,940 6,480 6,465 237,890 119,570 118,320 192,890 96,245 96,645
Telugu 2,150 1,160 995 11,850 6,900 4,955 2,415 1,600 815 54,685 30,575 24,110 38,190 21,290 16,905
Tulu 65 30 30 320 160 155 30 10 10 1,765 935 835 1,225 655 570
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 40 10 25 240 95 140 25 10 15 970 450 520 685 285 395
Georgian 90 40 55 1,355 670 680 150 75 70 3,015 1,565 1,445 2,170 1,110 1,060
Hmong-Mien languages 15 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0 720 365 360 555 280 275
Indo-European languages 154,980 73,655 81,320 801,510 390,560 410,955 450,480 219,660 230,825 5,849,775 2,867,575 2,982,195 2,941,400 1,441,975 1,499,430
Albanian 950 505 445 11,050 5,615 5,430 2,425 1,220 1,205 38,345 19,410 18,935 26,725 13,445 13,275
Armenian 760 400 365 9,595 4,680 4,910 7,185 3,350 3,835 44,500 21,675 22,825 19,610 9,460 10,150
Balto-Slavic languages 26,665 12,305 14,365 132,695 60,545 72,155 40,980 19,110 21,870 820,305 384,390 435,915 470,080 219,210 250,870
Baltic languages 480 200 285 3,550 1,500 2,055 530 215 315 13,890 5,900 7,985 9,715 4,055 5,665
Latvian 230 115 115 1,655 715 940 190 85 105 6,020 2,595 3,425 4,215 1,830 2,385
Lithuanian 250 90 160 1,905 785 1,120 340 135 210 7,895 3,325 4,570 5,520 2,240 3,280
Slavic languages 26,270 12,150 14,115 129,955 59,410 70,545 40,615 18,955 21,660 809,985 380,025 429,960 462,520 216,100 246,420
Belarusian 195 90 110 485 185 300 160 55 105 2,825 1,185 1,640 1,630 685 950
Bulgarian 1,075 540 535 4,900 2,350 2,550 3,765 1,820 1,945 24,210 11,805 12,400 11,310 5,545 5,765
Czech 1,345 630 720 3,625 1,665 1,960 990 455 535 28,625 13,595 15,030 13,130 6,040 7,090
Macedonian 210 95 115 7,660 3,560 4,105 215 80 135 23,015 10,965 12,050 21,070 10,020 11,045
Polish 6,645 2,990 3,660 27,850 12,460 15,390 7,925 3,535 4,390 204,460 94,135 110,325 134,980 61,800 73,180
Russian 11,590 5,520 6,070 52,840 23,965 28,870 23,995 11,285 12,705 309,235 145,375 163,860 155,340 72,230 83,115
Rusyn 0 0 0 30 10 25 0 0 0 680 345 330 295 155 140
Serbo-Croatian 4,685 2,220 2,460 25,500 12,155 13,345 3,390 1,700 1,695 155,775 76,800 78,975 102,885 50,515 52,365
Bosnian 1,385 670 715 3,320 1,625 1,695 675 315 365 25,380 12,555 12,825 13,895 6,925 6,970
Croatian 2,135 985 1,150 9,415 4,365 5,055 1,515 775 740 73,845 36,015 37,830 48,075 23,410 24,670
Serbian 2,655 1,305 1,350 18,040 8,705 9,335 1,725 840 885 83,735 41,550 42,185 58,045 28,685 29,355
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 90 50 40 715 355 360 95 60 40 3,085 1,590 1,500 1,850 950 905
Slovak 945 390 550 3,675 1,740 1,930 590 250 340 20,905 9,455 11,450 11,725 5,340 6,385
Slovene (Slovenian) 235 115 115 1,900 810 1,090 345 145 200 10,650 4,715 5,935 7,235 3,205 4,025
Ukrainian 3,170 1,375 1,795 21,345 9,400 11,945 4,905 2,155 2,745 131,655 59,230 72,425 58,355 26,140 32,215
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 20 0 20 85 45 35 40 10 30 770 385 385 500 255 250
Celtic languages 455 220 235 1,350 745 605 275 150 125 10,485 5,430 5,055 4,115 2,125 1,990
Irish 300 160 140 990 565 425 120 65 55 5,360 2,940 2,415 2,345 1,300 1,045
Scottish Gaelic 80 45 35 140 80 60 35 20 15 2,170 1,050 1,120 715 330 375
Welsh 70 20 55 135 55 85 35 20 15 2,170 1,015 1,155 810 360 450
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 15 0 15 95 60 30 85 45 45 910 495 415 285 160 125
Germanic languages 17,165 8,105 9,060 39,895 19,365 20,530 28,325 14,670 13,655 658,705 319,800 338,905 257,270 123,000 134,270
Frisian 45 20 25 55 40 10 40 20 25 2,835 1,480 1,350 1,750 895 855
High German languages 12,755 6,045 6,710 31,620 15,385 16,235 25,545 13,365 12,180 453,995 222,215 231,780 175,485 84,625 90,855
German 12,375 5,860 6,515 27,540 13,390 14,145 17,050 8,935 8,110 419,195 204,840 214,355 158,120 75,990 82,125
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,565 5,260 5,305 10,370 5,150 5,220
Swiss German 230 95 130 575 275 300 300 120 175 10,465 5,025 5,440 3,485 1,670 1,815
Yiddish 310 150 155 3,915 1,905 2,010 8,490 4,455 4,030 20,155 10,105 10,045 6,100 2,995 3,105
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 3,475 1,600 1,880 6,385 3,260 3,125 2,020 1,005 1,025 191,840 93,435 98,405 78,435 37,515 40,920
Afrikaans 660 340 330 2,095 1,140 955 205 95 105 29,670 15,335 14,335 9,255 4,785 4,470
Dutch 2,715 1,225 1,490 4,115 2,055 2,055 1,645 825 820 107,985 51,330 56,650 55,040 25,820 29,215
Low German, n.o.s. 10 10 0 20 15 10 0 0 0 10,555 5,245 5,315 2,185 1,095 1,095
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,310 640 670 595 275 310
Plautdietsch 35 25 0 50 15 35 20 0 20 41,165 20,590 20,575 10,245 5,150 5,095
Vlaams (Flemish) 115 35 85 205 100 105 175 85 90 3,985 1,825 2,155 2,040 910 1,135
Scandinavian languages 1,500 745 755 2,975 1,310 1,670 1,440 725 710 37,500 17,205 20,300 12,565 5,670 6,895
Danish 505 185 320 1,020 435 580 425 190 230 14,700 6,805 7,900 5,175 2,265 2,905
Icelandic 25 10 15 95 50 45 45 20 20 1,475 685 790 390 165 220
Norwegian 360 205 155 535 215 320 285 155 130 8,860 4,180 4,675 2,385 1,175 1,210
Swedish 685 385 300 1,530 700 830 820 445 370 14,620 6,765 7,855 5,340 2,460 2,885
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 95 30 60 95 65 30 80 30 50 1,275 720 555 480 255 225
Greek 2,965 1,530 1,440 36,620 17,545 19,070 20,685 9,850 10,830 145,060 71,685 73,375 76,320 37,385 38,945
Indo-Iranian languages 52,110 26,755 25,350 302,620 156,380 146,235 77,115 41,190 35,920 2,263,825 1,162,830 1,100,990 1,244,895 639,965 604,930
Indo-Aryan languages 39,190 20,285 18,910 236,745 123,180 113,565 58,875 31,985 26,890 1,918,570 989,350 929,220 1,049,480 542,040 507,440
Assamese 30 15 20 230 125 110 35 25 15 1,155 590 565 725 355 370
Bengali 5,420 2,800 2,620 41,750 21,390 20,355 12,945 6,685 6,255 120,605 62,330 58,270 76,980 39,455 37,525
Gujarati 4,375 2,440 1,935 42,425 22,190 20,235 6,930 3,785 3,140 209,415 110,000 99,405 143,240 75,090 68,150
Hindi 18,430 9,705 8,725 107,170 56,950 50,220 24,370 13,400 10,970 761,425 395,410 366,015 436,125 227,165 208,965
Kacchi 340 150 190 3,300 1,400 1,900 195 95 95 15,085 6,785 8,300 8,140 3,695 4,450
Kashmiri 35 15 15 280 130 150 40 25 15 1,830 965 865 1,085 570 515
Konkani 275 105 165 2,005 940 1,065 155 95 60 8,950 4,300 4,645 6,745 3,165 3,585
Marathi 1,205 590 615 8,290 4,325 3,970 780 440 340 35,230 18,210 17,020 24,775 12,710 12,065
Nepali 1,270 650 625 5,580 2,850 2,725 485 270 220 30,660 15,680 14,980 17,110 8,645 8,465
Oriya languages 100 45 55 1,010 535 475 45 20 35 3,235 1,665 1,570 2,545 1,320 1,225
Odia 65 25 40 605 340 265 30 15 15 1,710 925 785 1,430 775 655
Oriya, n.o.s. 25 20 15 410 200 210 20 0 15 1,550 755 795 1,130 560 575
Punjabi (Panjabi) 10,240 5,435 4,805 41,430 22,070 19,365 22,580 12,435 10,150 942,170 488,075 454,090 397,865 208,905 188,955
Rohingya 0 0 0 40 15 25 0 0 0 765 345 420 370 155 215
Sindhi 210 110 100 1,355 740 615 100 50 50 8,385 4,480 3,910 5,595 2,940 2,655
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 1,485 735 755 7,370 3,830 3,540 845 470 370 33,050 16,645 16,400 21,630 10,975 10,655
Urdu 10,495 5,330 5,165 65,035 33,230 31,805 11,425 6,220 5,200 414,870 211,895 202,975 295,175 149,300 145,875
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 305 185 120 1,665 950 715 500 325 180 11,320 6,280 5,040 5,965 3,315 2,650
Iranian languages 14,040 7,075 6,965 70,200 35,455 34,740 18,895 9,560 9,335 370,520 186,750 183,770 210,370 105,605 104,765
Baluchi 20 15 0 160 85 80 0 0 0 985 565 420 520 285 235
Kurdish 1,090 550 540 3,275 1,870 1,410 780 465 315 24,035 13,005 11,030 13,870 7,530 6,340
Parsi 40 25 15 230 155 70 80 35 40 1,000 535 470 525 310 215
Pashto 2,035 1,035 1,000 7,095 3,795 3,300 1,225 645 580 31,695 16,810 14,885 20,790 10,880 9,910
Persian languages 11,805 6,005 5,800 62,515 31,290 31,225 17,095 8,600 8,495 326,285 163,665 162,620 183,830 91,790 92,040
Dari 3,470 1,780 1,690 14,995 7,475 7,520 1,280 645 640 78,220 38,765 39,460 47,640 23,410 24,235
Iranian Persian 7,810 3,910 3,900 42,785 21,270 21,510 14,160 7,125 7,040 222,160 111,750 110,415 122,305 61,280 61,015
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 755 425 330 5,490 2,915 2,575 1,790 920 865 30,345 15,460 14,880 16,615 8,475 8,140
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 150 60 90 450 225 225 105 55 50 1,830 970 855 1,040 510 535
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 30 25 10 420 230 190 80 45 35 2,135 1,245 895 1,300 715 580
Italic (Romance) languages 61,090 27,150 33,940 296,705 139,660 157,045 293,340 139,795 153,545 2,054,885 975,310 1,079,575 922,975 437,590 485,385
Catalan 135 75 65 335 195 135 715 400 315 2,855 1,560 1,305 770 415 355
Italian 15,235 7,125 8,110 84,335 38,730 45,605 95,535 45,630 49,905 547,655 263,950 283,705 312,800 149,440 163,360
Portuguese 8,795 4,195 4,605 80,170 38,850 41,325 28,840 14,425 14,410 336,865 164,985 171,880 208,575 101,175 107,390
Romanian 3,310 1,420 1,895 12,920 5,785 7,140 15,245 7,225 8,020 116,520 55,570 60,950 48,315 22,450 25,865
Spanish 38,350 16,470 21,880 138,770 66,085 72,685 177,230 83,945 93,280 1,171,450 548,315 623,135 401,205 187,785 213,425
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 185 100 85 725 390 340 405 240 165 4,890 2,835 2,060 2,355 1,325 1,030
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 55 40 15 250 130 115 115 70 45 1,965 1,025 940 910 510 405
Japanese 2,835 1,345 1,485 14,220 6,085 8,130 4,585 2,190 2,400 98,070 43,380 54,690 30,705 13,895 16,810
Korean 3,615 1,590 2,020 38,895 17,235 21,665 5,035 2,200 2,835 203,885 92,275 111,605 90,475 41,165 49,310
Mongolian 95 30 70 415 180 235 180 55 120 2,545 1,085 1,455 745 315 430
Niger-Congo languages 18,815 8,510 10,310 32,875 15,155 17,720 31,565 16,015 15,555 267,520 131,495 136,025 106,850 50,070 56,780
Akan (Twi) 850 395 455 6,410 2,830 3,580 1,340 755 585 26,240 12,585 13,660 17,570 8,065 9,510
Bamanankan 360 210 145 240 115 125 1,540 790 745 4,950 2,570 2,380 760 395 365
Edo 200 95 110 1,305 525 780 245 115 125 4,945 2,315 2,630 3,210 1,370 1,835
Éwé 235 110 125 345 190 155 865 505 360 4,645 2,490 2,165 1,195 610 580
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 315 145 170 305 175 130 2,730 1,485 1,245 7,840 4,100 3,740 1,010 530 480
Ga 195 90 110 520 185 335 220 145 75 3,255 1,565 1,685 1,870 785 1,080
Ganda 385 155 230 1,490 615 875 75 40 30 4,650 2,055 2,600 2,760 1,145 1,615
Gikuyu 90 25 65 365 135 230 45 0 40 1,850 750 1,100 1,080 420 660
Igbo 1,085 520 570 2,020 935 1,080 485 280 205 18,365 9,345 9,020 8,115 3,985 4,130
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 2,030 845 1,185 655 245 415 1,825 855 970 13,515 6,305 7,210 4,020 1,705 2,315
Lingala 3,105 1,270 1,840 1,665 765 900 7,315 3,405 3,910 25,720 12,260 13,460 7,315 3,255 4,065
Luba-Kasai 510 230 280 175 65 110 520 225 295 2,695 1,300 1,395 1,050 480 570
Mòoré 125 80 50 40 25 20 620 340 280 2,085 1,055 1,035 235 135 100
Mwani 35 25 10 150 80 65 20 15 10 1,080 585 490 520 265 255
Ndebele 85 35 45 210 95 115 115 70 40 2,425 1,140 1,285 855 380 475
Rundi (Kirundi) 3,185 1,430 1,755 540 260 280 2,045 1,010 1,035 14,825 7,070 7,755 4,895 2,250 2,650
Shona 275 95 185 715 315 405 245 150 95 7,280 3,440 3,845 3,040 1,345 1,695
Soninke 0 0 0 245 155 90 465 310 155 1,010 650 360 290 185 105
Sotho-Tswana languages 75 25 45 270 110 160 45 15 30 1,305 580 725 630 265 365
Swahili 5,310 2,495 2,815 7,620 3,630 3,990 3,405 1,710 1,695 57,295 28,950 28,340 24,360 11,850 12,510
Wojenaka 115 55 60 75 40 35 1,005 510 495 2,820 1,440 1,380 260 130 130
Wolof 405 205 205 485 240 255 4,030 2,185 1,840 12,940 6,925 6,015 1,495 740 755
Yoruba 2,250 1,115 1,140 7,235 3,365 3,865 2,040 1,025 1,015 50,935 25,265 25,675 24,375 11,775 12,600
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 2,945 1,450 1,495 3,620 1,785 1,835 7,005 3,630 3,375 43,625 21,935 21,685 12,825 6,130 6,695
Nilo-Saharan languages 700 315 390 555 290 265 705 390 315 11,090 5,570 5,530 3,210 1,560 1,645
Dinka 155 75 70 55 35 25 10 0 0 2,815 1,470 1,345 470 255 215
Nuer 100 25 75 10 10 0 0 0 0 1,490 685 805 585 260 325
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 450 210 240 490 245 235 690 385 310 6,815 3,425 3,385 2,155 1,040 1,115
African, n.o.s. 175 75 105 305 145 160 425 225 200 2,760 1,485 1,275 835 415 415
Sign languages 2,095 780 1,320 2,860 1,240 1,620 1,985 795 1,185 49,535 19,685 29,850 18,990 7,515 11,475
American Sign Language 1,820 640 1,180 2,575 1,080 1,490 495 160 330 37,620 14,430 23,195 16,685 6,460 10,225
Quebec Sign Language 145 70 75 20 10 10 1,345 510 830 6,195 2,525 3,670 380 155 225
Sign languages, n.i.e. 235 115 120 370 185 190 340 210 130 7,450 3,515 3,940 2,600 1,185 1,420
Sino-Tibetan languages 41,125 19,215 21,910 275,670 125,525 150,150 56,545 26,095 30,455 1,550,930 721,520 829,410 747,160 348,570 398,590
Chinese languages 40,240 18,760 21,480 267,745 121,665 146,080 56,370 26,025 30,340 1,528,860 710,700 818,160 734,190 342,245 391,950
Hakka 225 100 125 3,630 1,695 1,935 335 170 160 14,830 6,845 7,980 8,760 4,120 4,640
Mandarin 29,995 13,735 16,265 162,950 72,885 90,065 41,405 18,880 22,525 987,300 452,995 534,305 467,415 214,895 252,520
Min Dong 40 10 30 645 295 350 35 20 20 1,825 840 980 1,450 690 765
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 1,035 455 580 7,830 3,510 4,320 2,725 1,170 1,560 51,755 22,840 28,920 18,020 8,040 9,985
Wu (Shanghainese) 490 215 280 2,730 1,225 1,505 695 310 390 13,660 6,060 7,600 6,720 3,010 3,710
Yue (Cantonese) 13,630 6,420 7,215 134,810 61,065 73,745 19,045 8,640 10,405 724,925 335,185 389,740 352,135 163,575 188,560
Chinese, n.o.s. 435 220 215 2,245 1,050 1,195 860 455 410 11,720 5,695 6,020 5,200 2,505 2,690
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 70 35 35 200 90 110 105 50 55 1,185 560 625 515 245 275
Tibeto-Burman languages 875 450 425 8,080 3,925 4,150 180 60 115 22,300 10,955 11,345 13,135 6,410 6,735
Burmese 310 155 150 875 435 440 65 10 60 5,935 2,910 3,025 2,570 1,255 1,315
Kuki-Chin languages 280 120 160 55 10 45 0 0 0 1,140 520 620 600 265 330
Karenic languages 360 195 170 225 100 125 0 0 0 5,705 2,790 2,915 2,255 1,120 1,135
S'gaw Karen 345 185 155 155 75 80 0 0 0 5,030 2,490 2,545 1,970 1,005 965
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 70 30 40 0 0 0 845 395 450 385 170 215
Tibetan 45 20 25 6,655 3,265 3,385 95 50 50 9,160 4,565 4,590 7,475 3,675 3,800
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 70 35 35 445 205 245 15 0 10 1,940 890 1,050 980 445 540
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 55 20 35 220 90 125 55 30 30 1,220 540 680 565 250 315
Tai-Kadai languages 1,220 465 755 2,865 1,195 1,670 2,755 1,240 1,520 33,705 14,255 19,440 12,655 5,555 7,105
Lao 475 200 275 1,045 480 565 1,985 965 1,020 17,630 8,320 9,310 7,370 3,450 3,915
Thai 880 325 550 1,840 735 1,100 1,085 390 695 18,575 6,955 11,615 6,200 2,485 3,720
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 25 10 10 170 70 100 30 15 20 800 330 465 335 135 195
Turkic languages 4,425 2,280 2,145 20,920 11,110 9,815 9,265 4,570 4,695 91,375 47,575 43,800 52,195 27,335 24,860
Azerbaijani 385 250 140 2,425 1,320 1,095 520 325 200 9,875 5,380 4,490 5,910 3,215 2,695
Kazakh 170 80 90 325 150 175 60 35 25 1,415 600 815 710 320 395
Turkish 3,820 1,945 1,875 18,110 9,650 8,455 8,445 4,105 4,340 78,500 41,130 37,365 44,815 23,570 21,245
Uyghur 105 75 30 240 95 145 205 95 110 1,660 790 875 825 430 400
Uzbek 160 65 95 790 390 400 140 85 55 3,290 1,645 1,640 2,095 1,040 1,055
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 100 45 55 370 170 195 205 90 115 2,150 980 1,165 1,075 465 610
Uralic languages 2,410 1,105 1,300 14,670 6,580 8,095 3,265 1,435 1,835 85,055 39,290 45,765 52,025 23,840 28,185
Estonian 210 85 125 1,680 675 1,005 85 35 50 5,315 2,320 2,990 4,010 1,745 2,260
Finnish 435 195 240 1,405 495 910 245 120 125 15,325 6,735 8,590 9,455 4,035 5,420
Hungarian 1,775 830 950 11,650 5,430 6,220 2,945 1,280 1,660 64,625 30,320 34,300 38,690 18,095 20,600
Other languages, n.i.e. 300 140 160 575 260 315 425 215 205 5,545 2,750 2,790 2,145 990 1,155
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 1,000,935 489,105 511,830 2,761,285 1,336,390 1,424,895 1,723,230 851,610 871,615 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 14,031,750 6,887,570 7,144,185
Indigenous identity45 26,395 12,465 13,930 22,925 10,785 12,135 15,315 7,080 8,235 1,807,250 877,645 929,605 406,585 195,100 211,495
Single Indigenous responses46 25,110 11,875 13,230 21,475 10,085 11,385 14,315 6,630 7,685 1,743,165 847,385 895,785 389,955 187,485 202,470
First Nations (North American Indian) 13,300 6,280 7,015 13,800 6,590 7,215 8,065 3,655 4,415 1,048,405 506,515 541,890 251,030 120,545 130,485
Métis 10,545 5,015 5,530 7,440 3,400 4,035 5,705 2,835 2,870 624,220 306,220 318,000 134,615 64,850 69,765
Inuk (Inuit) 1,270 585 685 240 100 135 545 135 405 70,540 34,645 35,895 4,310 2,090 2,220
Multiple Indigenous responses47 665 295 365 645 275 375 305 150 155 28,855 13,645 15,215 7,115 3,225 3,890
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere48 620 295 325 800 420 380 695 305 385 35,225 16,620 18,610 9,515 4,385 5,130
Non-Indigenous identity 974,540 476,640 497,905 2,738,365 1,325,610 1,412,760 1,707,915 844,530 863,385 34,521,230 17,059,520 17,461,710 13,625,165 6,692,470 6,932,695
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 1,000,935 489,105 511,830 2,761,285 1,336,390 1,424,895 1,723,230 851,610 871,615 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 14,031,750 6,887,570 7,144,185
Registered or Treaty Indian49 6,635 3,155 3,475 7,730 3,705 4,025 3,465 1,570 1,890 831,720 402,310 429,405 172,535 82,960 89,580
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian 994,300 485,945 508,350 2,753,555 1,332,685 1,420,870 1,719,765 850,040 869,730 35,496,755 17,534,850 17,961,905 13,859,215 6,804,610 7,054,605
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data50 407,250 ... ... 1,160,890 ... ... 816,355 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 5,491,200 ... ...
Owner 260,220 ... ... 602,925 ... ... 297,340 ... ... 9,955,975 ... ... 3,755,720 ... ...
Renter 147,030 ... ... 557,970 ... ... 519,020 ... ... 4,953,840 ... ... 1,724,970 ... ...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 69,130 ... ... 10,510 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data51 407,250 ... ... 1,160,890 ... ... 816,355 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 5,491,200 ... ...
Condominium 65,705 ... ... 353,215 ... ... 178,700 ... ... 2,248,280 ... ... 822,780 ... ...
Not condominium 341,550 ... ... 807,670 ... ... 637,660 ... ... 12,730,660 ... ... 4,668,425 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data52 407,250 ... ... 1,160,890 ... ... 816,355 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 5,491,200 ... ...
No bedrooms 3,830 ... ... 28,765 ... ... 19,020 ... ... 132,060 ... ... 48,740 ... ...
1 bedroom 59,775 ... ... 330,340 ... ... 254,075 ... ... 2,124,485 ... ... 769,570 ... ...
2 bedrooms 85,345 ... ... 334,320 ... ... 284,300 ... ... 3,829,965 ... ... 1,205,540 ... ...
3 bedrooms 150,190 ... ... 268,505 ... ... 194,410 ... ... 4,982,900 ... ... 1,918,935 ... ...
4 or more bedrooms 108,110 ... ... 198,960 ... ... 64,550 ... ... 3,909,525 ... ... 1,548,420 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data53 407,250 ... ... 1,160,890 ... ... 816,355 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 5,491,200 ... ...
1 to 4 rooms 117,090 ... ... 617,005 ... ... 473,475 ... ... 4,662,125 ... ... 1,579,320 ... ...
5 rooms 54,625 ... ... 152,950 ... ... 155,105 ... ... 2,323,910 ... ... 775,580 ... ...
6 rooms 57,030 ... ... 113,715 ... ... 69,335 ... ... 2,037,185 ... ... 791,100 ... ...
7 rooms 54,520 ... ... 90,775 ... ... 48,130 ... ... 1,796,855 ... ... 708,205 ... ...
8 or more rooms 123,985 ... ... 186,440 ... ... 70,315 ... ... 4,158,855 ... ... 1,636,990 ... ...
Average number of rooms per dwelling 6.3 ... ... 4.9 ... ... 4.5 ... ... 6.1 ... ... 6.2 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data54 407,250 ... ... 1,160,890 ... ... 816,355 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 5,491,200 ... ...
One person or fewer per room 398,225 ... ... 1,093,085 ... ... 789,745 ... ... 14,625,230 ... ... 5,328,575 ... ...
More than one person per room 9,030 ... ... 67,805 ... ... 26,615 ... ... 353,715 ... ... 162,625 ... ...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data55 407,250 ... ... 1,160,890 ... ... 816,355 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 5,491,200 ... ...
Suitable 385,180 ... ... 1,016,350 ... ... 745,905 ... ... 14,173,290 ... ... 5,122,185 ... ...
Not suitable 22,070 ... ... 144,545 ... ... 70,450 ... ... 805,650 ... ... 369,015 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data56 407,250 ... ... 1,160,890 ... ... 816,355 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 5,491,200 ... ...
1960 or before 64,815 ... ... 340,185 ... ... 293,880 ... ... 3,027,045 ... ... 1,247,430 ... ...
1961 to 1980 115,070 ... ... 333,990 ... ... 248,030 ... ... 4,171,840 ... ... 1,456,110 ... ...
1981 to 1990 63,195 ... ... 109,780 ... ... 89,700 ... ... 1,982,515 ... ... 711,940 ... ...
1991 to 2000 46,095 ... ... 92,985 ... ... 57,865 ... ... 1,805,985 ... ... 644,080 ... ...
2001 to 2005 28,865 ... ... 58,975 ... ... 28,770 ... ... 959,860 ... ... 385,045 ... ...
2006 to 2010 29,380 ... ... 63,995 ... ... 30,795 ... ... 1,034,925 ... ... 348,760 ... ...
2011 to 2015 28,490 ... ... 75,980 ... ... 33,075 ... ... 967,540 ... ... 328,735 ... ...
2016 to 202157 31,355 ... ... 85,005 ... ... 34,235 ... ... 1,029,220 ... ... 369,095 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data58 407,250 ... ... 1,160,890 ... ... 816,355 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 5,491,200 ... ...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed 385,390 ... ... 1,086,415 ... ... 746,280 ... ... 14,059,395 ... ... 5,177,155 ... ...
Major repairs needed 21,860 ... ... 74,480 ... ... 70,075 ... ... 919,545 ... ... 314,050 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data59 407,250 ... ... 1,160,890 ... ... 816,355 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 5,491,200 ... ...
One-maintainer household 198,960 ... ... 634,725 ... ... 494,140 ... ... 7,659,700 ... ... 2,677,880 ... ...
Two-maintainer household 189,175 ... ... 447,155 ... ... 291,245 ... ... 6,631,755 ... ... 2,506,110 ... ...
Three-or-more-maintainer household 19,115 ... ... 79,010 ... ... 30,970 ... ... 687,485 ... ... 307,210 ... ...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data60 407,250 ... ... 1,160,890 ... ... 816,355 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 5,491,200 ... ...
15 to 24 years 14,640 ... ... 34,350 ... ... 39,665 ... ... 424,695 ... ... 126,385 ... ...
25 to 34 years 62,300 ... ... 202,225 ... ... 154,835 ... ... 2,077,895 ... ... 727,305 ... ...
35 to 44 years 72,630 ... ... 210,570 ... ... 156,945 ... ... 2,600,000 ... ... 930,410 ... ...
45 to 54 years 76,580 ... ... 204,790 ... ... 137,925 ... ... 2,646,945 ... ... 1,013,210 ... ...
55 to 64 years 80,140 ... ... 215,740 ... ... 137,110 ... ... 3,046,560 ... ... 1,149,345 ... ...
65 to 74 years 58,720 ... ... 158,850 ... ... 105,800 ... ... 2,432,140 ... ... 876,960 ... ...
75 to 84 years 31,270 ... ... 90,900 ... ... 59,160 ... ... 1,292,805 ... ... 481,250 ... ...
85 years and over 10,970 ... ... 43,455 ... ... 24,920 ... ... 457,900 ... ... 186,330 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data61 404,915 ... ... 1,151,795 ... ... 808,950 ... ... 14,687,350 ... ... 5,415,420 ... ...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs 323,340 ... ... 777,835 ... ... 612,990 ... ... 11,612,640 ... ... 4,103,320 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs 81,575 ... ... 373,965 ... ... 195,960 ... ... 3,074,715 ... ... 1,312,095 ... ...
30% to less than 100% 72,595 ... ... 321,675 ... ... 171,990 ... ... 2,742,920 ... ... 1,169,040 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data62 407,250 ... ... 1,160,895 ... ... 816,355 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 5,491,205 ... ...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed' 114,035 ... ... 522,150 ... ... 301,530 ... ... 4,379,420 ... ... 1,802,285 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only 71,850 ... ... 315,735 ... ... 168,425 ... ... 2,728,995 ... ... 1,150,405 ... ...
Not suitable only 16,150 ... ... 98,270 ... ... 52,965 ... ... 595,110 ... ... 262,900 ... ...
Major repairs needed only 14,840 ... ... 39,905 ... ... 46,120 ... ... 645,465 ... ... 201,870 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' 4,180 ... ... 33,670 ... ... 10,065 ... ... 135,770 ... ... 74,930 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed' 5,275 ... ... 21,965 ... ... 16,530 ... ... 199,355 ... ... 80,990 ... ...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 1,475 ... ... 10,015 ... ... 6,480 ... ... 64,095 ... ... 25,420 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 275 ... ... 2,595 ... ... 940 ... ... 10,630 ... ... 5,765 ... ...
Acceptable housing 293,215 ... ... 638,740 ... ... 514,825 ... ... 10,599,520 ... ... 3,688,915 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data63 395,940 ... ... 1,099,505 ... ... 784,980 ... ... 14,355,555 ... ... 5,272,360 ... ...
In core need 44,435 ... ... 215,225 ... ... 82,165 ... ... 1,451,025 ... ... 639,805 ... ...
Not in core need 351,505 ... ... 884,285 ... ... 702,815 ... ... 12,904,530 ... ... 4,632,550 ... ...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 259,630 ... ... 602,915 ... ... 297,340 ... ... 9,807,720 ... ... 3,718,255 ... ...
% of owner households with a mortgage64 59.8 ... ... 56.6 ... ... 61.5 ... ... 60.0 ... ... 59.7 ... ...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 11.7 ... ... 25.6 ... ... 18.0 ... ... 14.8 ... ... 17.7 ... ...
% in core housing need63 4.6 ... ... 10.8 ... ... 3.5 ... ... 5.3 ... ... 6.4 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 1,560 ... ... 1,740 ... ... 1,360 ... ... 1,240 ... ... 1,440 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 1,668 ... ... 2,038 ... ... 1,532 ... ... 1,498 ... ... 1,700 ... ...
Median value of dwellings ($)66 624,000 ... ... 900,000 ... ... 500,000 ... ... 472,000 ... ... 700,000 ... ...
Average value of dwellings ($)66 672,000 ... ... 1,131,000 ... ... 584,500 ... ... 618,500 ... ... 807,000 ... ...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 146,985 ... ... 557,975 ... ... 519,015 ... ... 4,936,850 ... ... 1,722,000 ... ...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing67 14.1 ... ... 14.2 ... ... 8.6 ... ... 11.7 ... ... 13.7 ... ...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 35.1 ... ... 40.0 ... ... 27.8 ... ... 33.2 ... ... 38.4 ... ...
% in core housing need63 23.3 ... ... 29.3 ... ... 14.6 ... ... 20.0 ... ... 24.9 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 1,380 ... ... 1,500 ... ... 870 ... ... 1,070 ... ... 1,300 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 1,422 ... ... 1,562 ... ... 969 ... ... 1,209 ... ... 1,408 ... ...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 69,130 ... ... 10,510 ... ...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs61 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 5.9 ... ... 8.7 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 284 ... ... 324 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 327 ... ... 380 ... ...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data68 1,000,935 489,105 511,835 2,761,285 1,336,390 1,424,895 1,723,230 851,615 871,620 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,315 14,031,755 6,887,570 7,144,185
Indigenous ancestry (only)69 8,200 3,800 4,400 6,060 2,720 3,345 8,560 3,785 4,780 985,200 480,950 504,245 169,090 81,790 87,305
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)70 7,950 3,690 4,255 5,870 2,660 3,215 8,395 3,715 4,680 963,705 470,850 492,855 166,095 80,470 85,625
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry 5,255 2,460 2,790 4,835 2,175 2,655 7,165 3,225 3,935 763,230 371,400 391,825 136,445 65,890 70,555
Métis single ancestry 1,945 905 1,040 975 450 525 880 380 500 146,010 72,680 73,325 27,835 13,715 14,120
Inuit single ancestry 750 325 425 60 30 30 350 110 240 54,475 26,770 27,700 1,810 860 955
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)71 255 105 145 190 65 125 170 70 100 21,490 10,095 11,395 3,000 1,320 1,675
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only 200 75 120 170 65 110 90 45 45 17,665 8,215 9,450 2,660 1,165 1,495
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only 35 20 15 15 0 15 70 20 55 2,430 1,185 1,250 175 75 100
Métis and Inuit ancestry only 20 10 10 0 0 0 10 10 0 1,070 530 535 115 55 60
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 320 165 155 50 30 20
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries72 33,190 15,520 17,675 24,150 11,520 12,635 28,175 12,775 15,400 1,219,285 585,590 633,690 351,395 168,170 183,220
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries73 32,460 15,245 17,220 23,505 11,250 12,255 27,945 12,705 15,240 1,183,350 568,980 614,365 342,985 164,410 178,575
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only 23,370 10,935 12,430 17,670 8,505 9,165 25,185 11,485 13,695 801,630 384,550 417,075 246,415 118,170 128,245
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 8,340 3,935 4,400 5,665 2,665 2,995 2,455 1,140 1,310 362,130 174,975 187,150 93,245 44,675 48,575
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 755 365 390 170 75 100 310 80 235 19,595 9,450 10,150 3,325 1,570 1,755
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries74 730 275 450 645 270 375 225 70 160 35,930 16,605 19,320 8,405 3,760 4,640
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 640 255 385 605 255 345 195 60 130 31,815 14,790 17,025 7,595 3,465 4,125
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 55 10 50 40 15 25 15 0 15 2,785 1,190 1,595 535 205 335
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,005 500 505 215 80 135
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 15 0 15 0 0 0 20 0 15 330 125 210 60 10 45
Non-Indigenous ancestry only75 959,545 469,790 489,755 2,731,070 1,322,155 1,408,920 1,686,490 835,050 851,435 34,124,000 16,870,625 17,253,375 13,511,270 6,637,605 6,873,660
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data76 1,000,940 489,105 511,830 2,761,285 1,336,395 1,424,895 1,723,230 851,610 871,615 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,310 14,031,755 6,887,565 7,144,185
Canadian citizens77 905,590 442,065 463,525 2,284,055 1,102,560 1,181,495 1,434,570 703,030 731,545 33,143,225 16,360,910 16,782,315 12,633,260 6,196,980 6,436,280
Canadian citizens aged under 18 185,345 94,095 91,250 413,995 213,200 200,795 279,730 142,810 136,925 6,784,875 3,486,545 3,298,330 2,554,125 1,312,480 1,241,645
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over 720,250 347,970 372,280 1,870,055 889,360 980,700 1,154,835 560,215 594,620 26,358,355 12,874,365 13,483,990 10,079,140 4,884,505 5,194,635
Not Canadian citizens78 95,345 47,040 48,305 477,230 233,830 243,400 288,660 148,585 140,075 3,185,250 1,576,255 1,608,995 1,398,490 690,590 707,905
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data79 1,000,940 489,105 511,830 2,761,285 1,336,395 1,424,895 1,723,230 851,610 871,615 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,310 14,031,755 6,887,565 7,144,185
Non-immigrants80 712,100 351,370 360,735 1,329,905 666,890 663,015 1,017,325 502,500 514,820 27,042,120 13,461,515 13,580,610 9,437,320 4,691,825 4,745,495
Immigrants81 259,215 122,255 136,960 1,286,140 593,225 692,915 576,120 278,025 298,100 8,361,505 3,976,160 4,385,340 4,206,585 1,984,980 2,221,605
Before 1980 42,685 20,520 22,160 222,935 100,655 122,280 87,415 40,730 46,685 1,540,610 731,340 809,265 860,305 403,270 457,030
1980 to 1990 29,930 14,095 15,835 156,460 73,005 83,455 59,835 29,275 30,555 924,320 443,805 480,520 506,195 241,800 264,390
1991 to 2000 51,775 24,130 27,645 273,985 124,465 149,520 95,220 45,340 49,880 1,511,475 708,315 803,165 852,765 399,470 453,295
2001 to 2010 56,115 25,335 30,785 290,400 132,935 157,470 139,575 67,480 72,090 1,930,525 911,190 1,019,340 941,630 439,390 502,240
2011 to 202182 78,715 38,175 40,540 342,360 162,170 180,195 194,080 95,195 98,885 2,454,570 1,181,515 1,273,055 1,045,695 501,050 544,645
2011 to 2015 31,305 14,655 16,650 144,320 66,410 77,910 90,040 43,785 46,255 1,126,330 536,615 589,715 461,010 216,545 244,470
2016 to 2021 47,415 23,520 23,890 198,040 95,755 102,285 104,040 51,410 52,630 1,328,240 644,900 683,335 584,680 284,505 300,175
Non-permanent residents83 29,620 15,485 14,135 145,240 76,280 68,965 129,780 71,085 58,695 924,850 499,490 425,365 387,850 210,765 177,085
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data84 259,220 122,255 136,960 1,286,140 593,220 692,920 576,125 278,025 298,100 8,361,505 3,976,160 4,385,345 4,206,585 1,984,980 2,221,610
Under 5 years 25,575 12,690 12,885 91,030 45,045 45,985 45,920 23,340 22,575 748,265 377,795 370,470 375,395 188,360 187,030
5 to 14 years 46,995 23,865 23,135 203,840 101,550 102,295 90,130 45,385 44,740 1,438,440 730,675 707,765 734,680 369,755 364,925
15 to 24 years 47,450 21,275 26,175 247,955 110,365 137,595 104,655 46,955 57,705 1,594,290 720,630 873,660 840,165 375,990 464,175
25 to 44 years 116,090 53,990 62,100 605,575 276,620 328,960 290,245 141,865 148,380 3,783,335 1,782,805 2,000,525 1,851,675 869,160 982,515
45 years and over 23,105 10,435 12,665 137,730 59,650 78,080 45,170 20,475 24,700 797,180 364,260 432,920 404,670 181,710 222,955
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data85 259,220 122,255 136,960 1,286,140 593,220 692,920 576,125 278,025 298,100 8,361,505 3,976,160 4,385,345 4,206,585 1,984,980 2,221,610
Americas 36,600 16,125 20,475 210,980 92,905 118,075 127,690 58,995 68,690 1,203,180 546,325 656,855 629,550 280,635 348,910
Brazil 1,980 930 1,050 10,175 4,815 5,355 3,760 1,770 1,990 48,450 22,405 26,050 23,125 10,700 12,420
Colombia 1,755 760 995 8,695 3,905 4,795 8,195 3,835 4,360 80,570 36,675 43,900 32,520 14,630 17,890
El Salvador 2,045 960 1,090 6,495 3,135 3,360 6,400 3,265 3,130 49,450 24,430 25,015 21,780 10,575 11,200
Guyana 1,255 545 710 31,025 13,325 17,700 1,350 660 690 85,530 37,870 47,660 77,635 34,275 43,360
Haiti 6,705 2,795 3,915 1,660 740 915 47,555 21,110 26,445 99,945 44,585 55,360 11,375 5,000 6,380
Jamaica 3,175 1,360 1,815 42,650 17,285 25,370 2,670 1,090 1,585 145,360 63,430 81,925 122,770 52,770 70,000
Mexico 1,710 680 1,035 9,340 4,355 4,985 8,225 4,005 4,220 90,585 42,215 48,370 33,380 15,340 18,040
Peru 790 310 475 4,105 1,820 2,280 6,715 3,060 3,660 31,420 13,925 17,490 11,455 5,025 6,435
Trinidad and Tobago 1,280 520 760 18,280 7,865 10,415 2,120 970 1,155 65,035 29,110 35,930 52,750 23,490 29,260
United States of America 8,795 4,110 4,690 25,220 12,190 13,030 10,180 5,260 4,920 256,090 115,380 140,705 111,390 49,035 62,355
Other places of birth in Americas 7,110 3,160 3,955 53,330 23,465 29,865 30,520 13,985 16,535 250,760 116,305 134,460 131,370 59,810 71,560
Europe 54,405 25,760 28,645 266,210 124,220 141,995 137,155 66,390 70,765 1,967,620 955,840 1,011,785 1,049,725 500,520 549,205
Bosnia and Herzegovina 1,630 795 840 4,910 2,325 2,585 780 390 385 35,925 17,705 18,220 21,150 10,365 10,780
Croatia 780 330 450 4,200 1,925 2,280 760 390 375 36,675 18,115 18,560 24,270 11,860 12,405
France 2,665 1,195 1,465 5,820 2,895 2,920 39,280 20,790 18,485 121,525 63,845 57,685 15,240 7,305 7,930
Germany 3,390 1,535 1,860 8,915 4,110 4,805 2,480 1,285 1,200 126,470 60,560 65,915 54,275 25,665 28,610
Greece 800 415 380 16,510 7,720 8,795 7,730 3,445 4,285 54,715 27,050 27,665 31,650 15,385 16,265
Hungary 700 320 375 6,135 2,795 3,335 1,365 650 720 31,050 14,595 16,450 18,530 8,555 9,975
Italy 4,625 2,315 2,310 37,700 17,310 20,395 30,215 14,095 16,120 204,065 101,445 102,625 135,640 66,885 68,750
Netherlands 1,640 800 840 2,130 1,055 1,070 500 310 190 75,830 39,020 36,810 39,490 20,295 19,195
Poland 3,965 1,690 2,270 18,245 8,015 10,230 4,685 1,965 2,720 135,030 60,660 74,370 88,785 39,620 49,160
Portugal 1,995 1,015 975 34,360 16,435 17,925 7,715 3,520 4,195 128,795 62,880 65,910 95,490 46,635 48,855
Romania 2,550 1,105 1,450 11,200 4,900 6,305 9,655 4,440 5,215 86,770 40,820 45,955 40,475 18,690 21,780
Russian Federation 3,245 1,420 1,820 15,820 6,555 9,260 5,520 2,235 3,290 81,840 35,185 46,650 44,165 19,010 25,155
Serbia86 770 350 420 7,740 3,605 4,135 675 320 350 31,925 15,480 16,450 22,295 10,790 11,505
Ukraine 2,460 1,100 1,360 15,845 7,000 8,840 4,385 1,940 2,445 81,135 36,840 44,295 43,070 19,255 23,820
United Kingdom87 14,765 7,490 7,275 35,585 17,855 17,735 4,005 2,245 1,755 464,135 229,710 234,430 239,485 115,580 123,910
Other places of birth in Europe 8,420 3,870 4,550 41,100 19,715 21,380 17,395 8,365 9,030 271,725 131,935 139,790 135,725 64,620 71,100
Africa 44,290 21,085 23,205 88,020 42,020 46,005 140,555 71,665 68,890 821,735 412,365 409,375 287,920 140,080 147,840
Algeria 1,905 945 960 940 475 465 43,840 22,680 21,165 79,660 41,065 38,600 4,355 2,160 2,195
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 3,975 1,720 2,260 2,130 925 1,210 6,025 2,765 3,265 33,110 15,775 17,340 10,220 4,585 5,640
Egypt 4,410 2,340 2,070 6,420 3,415 3,010 9,400 4,720 4,685 73,710 38,730 34,980 39,345 20,480 18,865
Eritrea 1,535 850 680 6,485 3,170 3,315 495 250 250 31,385 16,575 14,815 14,200 7,255 6,950
Ethiopia 2,815 1,355 1,465 10,900 4,980 5,915 660 305 355 41,715 19,955 21,760 19,415 9,050 10,365
Morocco 2,640 1,350 1,290 2,385 1,070 1,315 33,005 16,490 16,515 81,775 41,085 40,685 8,105 3,805 4,300
Nigeria 3,220 1,660 1,560 10,015 5,010 5,005 1,200 630 565 81,290 41,665 39,620 37,420 18,840 18,580
Somalia 4,520 1,780 2,740 10,190 4,390 5,795 400 200 200 32,500 14,600 17,900 20,335 8,590 11,745
South Africa, Republic of 1,235 570 665 6,000 3,050 2,955 415 275 140 51,590 25,740 25,855 21,540 10,620 10,915
Other places of birth in Africa 18,035 8,520 9,510 32,555 15,535 17,020 45,115 23,355 21,760 314,995 157,170 157,825 112,985 54,690 58,290
Asia 123,015 58,815 64,205 716,885 331,980 384,910 169,860 80,480 89,375 4,307,000 2,030,575 2,276,420 2,225,590 1,056,605 1,168,985
Afghanistan 2,850 1,405 1,445 12,920 6,475 6,445 1,100 570 535 62,450 30,940 31,515 38,580 19,100 19,480
Iran88 6,000 3,040 2,965 37,190 18,570 18,620 9,815 4,825 4,990 182,940 92,300 90,645 103,795 52,260 51,535
Iraq 4,460 2,270 2,190 11,350 5,720 5,630 1,610 890 725 84,130 42,660 41,465 63,255 31,725 31,525
Lebanon 11,905 6,115 5,785 6,490 3,460 3,035 17,455 9,230 8,220 95,725 50,675 45,055 38,170 19,650 18,515
Syria89 6,365 3,250 3,120 8,240 4,150 4,085 12,040 6,095 5,940 97,590 49,855 47,735 45,685 22,995 22,695
Turkey 1,655 865 785 8,500 4,590 3,910 4,010 2,020 1,995 35,270 18,835 16,435 20,795 11,105 9,690
China90 20,320 8,865 11,450 129,755 56,810 72,940 26,330 11,650 14,680 715,835 317,970 397,860 355,955 159,035 196,925
Hong Kong91 3,205 1,595 1,605 36,850 16,655 20,200 2,375 1,130 1,245 213,855 100,480 113,375 108,480 50,730 57,750
Korea, South92 2,195 990 1,210 27,505 12,310 15,200 2,680 1,185 1,495 138,355 63,025 75,325 62,750 28,690 34,060
Taiwan 1,025 465 560 7,985 3,350 4,635 1,265 540 725 65,365 28,725 36,635 18,105 7,825 10,275
Philippines 10,505 4,100 6,405 132,980 53,880 79,100 20,475 7,940 12,535 719,580 305,115 414,460 268,580 109,035 159,545
Viet Nam 6,155 2,820 3,335 31,675 14,230 17,445 16,395 7,460 8,935 182,095 82,670 99,425 86,315 39,175 47,140
Bangladesh 3,270 1,655 1,610 27,135 13,795 13,335 7,035 3,560 3,475 70,090 35,675 34,415 46,260 23,520 22,740
India 16,195 8,385 7,810 102,155 52,455 49,700 13,570 7,040 6,525 898,050 451,120 446,930 495,750 249,975 245,780
Pakistan 5,500 2,725 2,775 34,140 17,275 16,865 5,730 3,040 2,690 234,105 118,390 115,715 165,530 83,050 82,475
Sri Lanka 2,885 1,400 1,485 47,895 22,985 24,905 6,965 3,425 3,540 136,240 66,215 70,030 112,730 54,625 58,100
Other places of birth in Asia 18,530 8,865 9,665 54,130 25,260 28,865 21,010 9,890 11,120 375,340 175,930 199,410 194,855 94,100 100,750
Oceania and other places of birth93 905 475 430 4,045 2,105 1,940 860 485 375 61,965 31,055 30,910 13,810 7,140 6,670
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data94 47,415 23,520 23,890 198,040 95,760 102,285 104,040 51,410 52,625 1,328,240 644,900 683,340 584,680 284,500 300,180
Americas 5,050 2,405 2,650 25,025 11,935 13,090 15,850 7,650 8,205 154,490 74,275 80,215 68,450 32,815 35,635
Brazil 740 380 360 4,200 2,015 2,190 1,105 455 645 19,895 9,340 10,560 8,725 4,095 4,625
Colombia 270 105 160 1,195 485 715 1,260 575 685 11,455 5,090 6,365 4,260 1,825 2,440
Haiti 985 420 570 275 150 120 5,495 2,700 2,795 10,550 5,155 5,400 1,550 705 845
Jamaica 200 110 90 3,145 1,570 1,580 135 70 60 15,155 7,740 7,420 9,970 5,205 4,770
Mexico 325 150 180 2,330 1,075 1,260 1,320 690 625 17,150 8,405 8,745 5,810 2,740 3,065
United States of America 1,565 805 760 5,125 2,610 2,520 2,255 1,165 1,090 39,875 19,790 20,085 17,945 8,895 9,045
Venezuela95 120 50 65 1,535 740 790 915 355 555 7,060 2,980 4,075 3,400 1,500 1,900
Other places of birth in Americas 855 390 460 7,215 3,290 3,925 3,375 1,630 1,740 33,350 15,785 17,570 16,795 7,840 8,955
Europe 3,680 1,875 1,800 20,690 10,515 10,175 17,760 9,335 8,425 134,425 69,310 65,120 47,295 23,945 23,345
France 505 240 260 1,940 985 955 11,735 6,290 5,445 27,175 14,560 12,610 3,225 1,665 1,560
Germany 180 125 55 650 355 300 235 130 105 5,365 2,660 2,705 1,685 885 795
Ireland96 130 100 30 1,365 870 495 55 45 10 6,355 4,000 2,350 2,225 1,465 760
Italy 65 40 20 835 480 355 420 260 160 4,240 2,470 1,770 1,770 1,040 730
Russian Federation 475 205 265 2,240 855 1,385 625 235 390 10,905 4,335 6,570 5,150 2,010 3,135
Ukraine 505 245 260 2,490 1,155 1,335 750 355 395 14,515 6,570 7,945 6,035 2,675 3,360
United Kingdom87 710 410 300 2,615 1,560 1,055 480 290 185 22,755 13,550 9,200 8,000 4,820 3,180
Other places of birth in Europe 1,120 515 605 8,550 4,260 4,290 3,465 1,725 1,740 43,120 21,160 21,960 19,200 9,375 9,830
Africa 12,725 6,285 6,435 18,720 9,485 9,240 34,835 17,255 17,575 206,965 102,875 104,090 64,910 32,295 32,615
Algeria 625 315 315 210 95 115 10,085 4,925 5,160 15,745 7,530 8,220 1,130 545 585
Burundi 1,300 600 705 125 35 90 715 385 335 4,935 2,420 2,510 1,790 815 970
Cameroon 480 230 245 500 265 240 3,555 1,730 1,825 11,795 5,545 6,250 1,585 750 830
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 1,060 480 580 360 150 210 1,490 645 845 8,915 4,200 4,720 2,275 1,020 1,260
Côte d'Ivoire 275 115 155 235 100 140 1,625 785 835 7,915 3,795 4,125 1,085 495 595
Egypt 670 360 310 995 520 475 1,470 795 675 12,120 6,285 5,835 6,370 3,230 3,145
Eritrea 580 300 275 2,775 1,495 1,280 275 145 125 16,330 8,755 7,575 7,145 3,795 3,350
Ethiopia 440 200 235 1,955 910 1,045 90 40 45 9,385 4,415 4,970 3,480 1,595 1,880
Morocco 955 495 460 520 245 280 5,375 2,535 2,835 12,835 6,025 6,810 1,890 910 980
Nigeria 1,790 915 870 4,535 2,280 2,255 550 310 240 40,360 20,575 19,780 16,570 8,335 8,230
Somalia 570 295 275 1,575 895 685 40 25 20 6,315 3,240 3,075 3,345 1,775 1,570
South Africa, Republic of 345 150 195 675 350 325 105 55 50 8,510 4,290 4,220 2,915 1,455 1,460
Sudan97 175 120 55 480 250 230 70 40 35 4,690 2,375 2,315 2,095 1,075 1,015
Tunisia 450 220 235 120 60 60 3,360 1,755 1,610 8,155 4,185 3,975 820 390 430
Other places of birth in Africa 3,005 1,480 1,530 3,650 1,830 1,815 6,015 3,075 2,945 38,960 19,250 19,715 12,405 6,105 6,305
Asia 25,825 12,890 12,935 132,735 63,325 69,410 35,290 16,975 18,315 823,205 393,110 430,090 401,940 194,220 207,725
Afghanistan 755 380 375 3,180 1,580 1,600 180 95 85 12,730 6,290 6,440 7,225 3,550 3,675
Bangladesh 580 250 330 4,760 2,465 2,290 960 465 495 13,185 6,670 6,515 7,710 3,970 3,735
China90 3,225 1,415 1,805 18,525 7,360 11,170 4,960 2,085 2,875 118,035 50,365 67,665 54,645 22,895 31,750
Hong Kong91 90 40 50 655 240 410 55 10 40 6,495 2,880 3,620 2,620 1,095 1,525
India 5,645 3,100 2,545 40,200 21,455 18,745 5,690 3,035 2,655 246,995 128,205 118,790 139,660 73,185 66,470
Iran88 825 425 400 5,225 2,485 2,745 2,275 1,025 1,250 25,650 12,310 13,340 13,215 6,335 6,880
Iraq 955 490 465 2,265 1,130 1,130 245 145 100 17,715 8,835 8,875 12,940 6,415 6,525
Israel 145 85 55 640 345 295 145 90 60 4,850 2,565 2,290 2,270 1,175 1,100
Japan 60 15 45 860 215 645 185 55 130 4,445 1,035 3,410 1,460 345 1,115
Jordan 340 150 195 385 225 155 355 160 195 4,635 2,375 2,260 2,610 1,340 1,270
Korea, South92 315 125 185 3,120 1,185 1,935 750 320 435 20,985 8,790 12,200 6,935 2,855 4,075
Lebanon 1,045 555 485 960 510 455 1,710 930 775 9,980 5,120 4,860 4,365 2,185 2,175
Nepal 110 45 65 1,235 640 600 180 110 75 4,890 2,475 2,415 2,445 1,240 1,200
Pakistan 925 455 470 5,740 2,925 2,820 1,030 520 505 36,255 18,070 18,190 23,970 11,805 12,170
Philippines 2,105 915 1,190 24,905 10,720 14,190 5,730 2,455 3,280 151,490 66,720 84,765 45,235 19,170 26,070
Saudi Arabia 580 315 265 1,870 1,070 800 860 540 325 9,560 5,195 4,365 6,110 3,300 2,805
Sri Lanka 260 115 150 2,710 1,295 1,415 500 205 295 8,480 4,010 4,465 5,895 2,770 3,120
Syria89 4,450 2,315 2,130 4,680 2,425 2,260 5,895 3,065 2,835 63,130 32,725 30,410 30,180 15,370 14,805
Turkey 695 365 330 2,670 1,515 1,150 520 295 225 10,150 5,520 4,635 7,060 3,835 3,225
United Arab Emirates 570 290 275 940 460 480 580 290 290 8,405 4,325 4,085 5,310 2,785 2,520
Viet Nam 460 190 270 2,395 885 1,510 910 395 515 14,725 5,605 9,125 6,020 2,205 3,815
Other places of birth in Asia 1,705 840 860 4,810 2,195 2,620 1,565 680 880 30,410 13,035 17,375 14,075 6,380 7,700
Oceania and other93 130 65 65 875 505 370 305 195 110 9,160 5,335 3,825 2,090 1,230 855
Australia 95 50 45 720 410 310 195 125 65 6,535 3,845 2,685 1,620 985 640
Other places of birth98 35 10 20 160 95 60 110 70 45 2,625 1,490 1,135 470 250 220
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data99 1,000,935 489,105 511,830 2,761,285 1,336,390 1,424,895 1,723,225 851,610 871,615 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 14,031,755 6,887,570 7,144,185
First generation100 303,690 145,105 158,585 1,462,090 684,355 777,735 725,270 358,390 366,885 9,606,595 4,631,905 4,974,690 4,725,795 2,259,845 2,465,955
Second generation101 209,590 104,920 104,675 741,035 372,030 369,010 361,130 181,485 179,645 6,393,310 3,207,980 3,185,330 3,180,170 1,594,980 1,585,195
Third generation or more102 487,660 239,080 248,570 558,160 280,005 278,155 636,825 311,740 325,090 20,328,565 10,097,280 10,231,290 6,125,785 3,032,745 3,093,040
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data103 216,530 101,735 114,800 1,063,205 492,575 570,640 488,705 237,295 251,410 6,820,895 3,244,820 3,576,075 3,346,285 1,581,710 1,764,575
Economic immigrants104 104,175 52,225 51,945 532,155 254,780 277,375 267,215 137,555 129,660 3,673,705 1,837,625 1,836,090 1,669,195 831,060 838,135
Principal applicants105 44,555 27,060 17,490 240,950 128,285 112,665 135,610 78,460 57,150 1,556,675 935,790 620,885 697,905 424,975 272,930
Secondary applicants106 59,620 25,165 34,455 291,205 126,495 164,710 131,610 59,100 72,515 2,117,030 901,835 1,215,200 971,295 406,090 565,205
Immigrants sponsored by family107 56,285 22,245 34,040 323,950 131,385 192,565 133,215 54,390 78,825 2,016,010 821,325 1,194,685 1,037,680 420,725 616,955
Refugees108 52,950 25,975 26,975 186,825 97,565 89,265 79,320 41,035 38,285 1,039,275 543,725 495,550 587,735 306,430 281,310
Other immigrants109 3,125 1,295 1,835 20,280 8,845 11,435 8,955 4,310 4,645 91,900 42,145 49,755 51,675 23,490 28,180
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data110 216,530 101,735 114,800 1,063,205 492,575 570,640 488,705 237,295 251,410 6,820,895 3,244,820 3,576,075 3,346,285 1,581,710 1,764,575
Asylum claim before admission111 20,290 9,650 10,640 102,210 53,850 48,355 50,275 26,560 23,710 416,105 222,895 193,205 262,835 139,045 123,790
Work permits only before admission112 18,040 7,960 10,080 111,095 46,175 64,920 50,365 23,725 26,640 705,405 324,370 381,035 289,330 131,810 157,520
Study permits only before admission113 6,945 3,595 3,345 24,490 11,975 12,510 11,765 6,105 5,655 183,250 92,135 91,110 79,320 39,275 40,050
Work and study permits before admission114 14,565 7,575 6,990 65,870 27,080 38,790 25,200 14,095 11,105 377,130 188,535 188,590 179,715 85,115 94,595
Other permits before admission115 1,390 535 860 5,180 1,985 3,195 4,400 1,875 2,525 39,540 15,685 23,855 19,030 7,670 11,360
No pre-admission experience116 155,295 72,415 82,880 754,355 351,500 402,865 346,705 164,930 181,775 5,099,470 2,401,190 2,698,280 2,516,055 1,178,800 1,337,255
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data117 1,000,935 489,105 511,830 2,761,285 1,336,390 1,424,895 1,723,230 851,610 871,615 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 14,031,750 6,887,570 7,144,185
Total visible minority population118 324,960 157,890 167,070 1,537,285 732,690 804,595 668,975 330,800 338,175 9,639,205 4,712,790 4,926,415 4,817,360 2,350,135 2,467,230
South Asian 57,820 29,940 27,880 385,440 198,065 187,375 79,670 42,620 37,050 2,571,400 1,324,120 1,247,275 1,515,295 779,270 736,020
Chinese 46,170 21,615 24,560 296,225 137,460 158,765 56,935 26,075 30,860 1,715,770 808,745 907,035 820,245 388,310 431,935
Black 84,765 40,255 44,515 265,005 122,060 142,950 198,610 96,350 102,255 1,547,870 754,100 793,765 768,740 365,800 402,940
Filipino 14,320 6,055 8,270 170,355 72,915 97,440 27,355 11,555 15,805 957,355 427,755 529,600 363,650 157,580 206,070
Arab 58,180 29,880 28,305 42,040 22,085 19,955 141,935 74,355 67,585 694,015 362,845 331,170 284,215 146,815 137,395
Latin American 14,350 6,585 7,765 92,455 44,590 47,865 78,150 38,450 39,705 580,235 281,030 299,200 249,190 119,360 129,830
Southeast Asian 14,960 7,065 7,895 53,905 24,980 28,925 37,905 17,950 19,955 390,340 184,120 206,220 167,845 79,270 88,580
West Asian 13,255 6,695 6,560 69,320 34,925 34,395 17,500 8,735 8,765 360,495 181,795 178,695 212,185 106,670 105,520
Korean 4,125 1,915 2,210 42,190 19,485 22,705 5,245 2,365 2,880 218,140 101,855 116,285 99,425 46,800 52,625
Japanese 2,315 995 1,320 13,210 5,365 7,845 2,645 1,045 1,600 98,890 42,315 56,575 31,420 13,690 17,730
Visible minority, n.i.e.119 3,780 1,745 2,040 42,435 19,845 22,585 5,470 2,675 2,795 172,885 83,310 89,580 124,120 59,280 64,835
Multiple visible minorities 10,910 5,160 5,750 64,700 30,915 33,785 17,540 8,615 8,920 331,805 160,790 171,010 181,025 87,280 93,750
Not a visible minority120 675,975 331,215 344,765 1,224,000 603,700 620,300 1,054,255 520,810 533,445 26,689,275 13,224,375 13,464,900 9,214,395 4,537,435 4,676,955
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data121 1,000,940 489,100 511,830 2,761,290 1,336,390 1,424,895 1,723,230 851,610 871,615 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,310 14,031,755 6,887,570 7,144,185
Canadian 114,205 57,380 56,830 165,640 84,370 81,270 216,645 104,085 112,565 5,677,205 2,836,675 2,840,530 1,621,655 815,240 806,415
English 156,485 77,185 79,300 244,995 122,460 122,530 43,185 22,080 21,110 5,322,830 2,600,245 2,722,580 2,347,685 1,145,055 1,202,630
Irish 192,250 91,835 100,410 226,865 109,935 116,930 80,635 38,520 42,120 4,413,120 2,102,610 2,310,505 1,999,985 952,395 1,047,595
Scottish 160,250 78,815 81,440 211,175 103,555 107,625 44,880 21,650 23,230 4,392,200 2,131,620 2,260,580 1,937,010 938,335 998,680
French, n.o.s.122 140,710 67,935 72,780 85,715 41,845 43,865 307,670 155,535 152,135 3,985,945 1,964,695 2,021,250 1,039,385 500,570 538,815
German 73,625 36,175 37,450 107,475 52,985 54,495 31,730 15,215 16,510 2,955,695 1,449,465 1,506,230 1,058,075 517,665 540,410
Chinese 47,925 22,335 25,590 297,725 138,260 159,465 61,715 28,350 33,365 1,713,870 806,365 907,500 821,835 388,045 433,795
Italian 45,685 22,695 22,985 167,460 82,010 85,450 135,430 66,225 69,205 1,546,390 774,250 772,140 905,105 453,765 451,335
Indian (India) 31,385 16,215 15,175 182,115 93,540 88,580 36,920 19,740 17,180 1,347,715 691,535 656,185 764,435 392,845 371,585
Ukrainian 23,840 11,510 12,320 61,560 29,005 32,550 14,865 7,080 7,785 1,258,635 612,455 646,175 342,260 164,565 177,690
Dutch 25,770 12,400 13,370 34,360 16,410 17,955 6,520 3,225 3,295 988,585 489,045 499,545 478,860 236,645 242,210
Polish 30,300 14,425 15,870 85,255 41,015 44,235 23,515 11,460 12,060 982,820 472,290 510,525 461,090 221,095 240,000
Québécois 6,730 3,200 3,535 2,620 1,225 1,390 103,145 51,885 51,265 981,635 490,130 491,510 28,035 13,475 14,555
British Isles, n.o.s.123 38,750 18,815 19,935 66,395 32,770 33,630 11,665 6,000 5,670 938,950 462,420 476,530 462,995 225,610 237,385
Filipino 14,365 6,115 8,255 161,495 69,185 92,310 26,105 11,050 15,045 925,490 414,915 510,570 355,680 154,820 200,860
French Canadian 32,825 15,350 17,480 15,450 7,195 8,255 59,380 28,470 30,910 906,315 441,610 464,705 199,845 94,210 105,630
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.124 20,120 9,920 10,195 32,230 16,160 16,075 19,910 10,385 9,530 691,260 347,080 344,175 221,315 110,260 111,055
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.125 11,410 5,415 5,995 9,350 4,380 4,970 15,970 7,210 8,760 632,340 304,220 328,120 160,660 76,990 83,670
Métis 11,175 5,195 5,975 7,420 3,435 3,985 3,645 1,645 2,000 560,335 271,985 288,350 131,780 63,205 68,580
European, n.o.s.126 15,605 7,760 7,835 35,895 17,620 18,270 22,450 11,380 11,070 551,910 278,060 273,850 182,785 90,865 91,920
Russian 13,005 6,075 6,935 56,130 25,725 30,405 20,180 9,420 10,760 548,140 260,075 288,065 187,460 87,560 99,900
Norwegian 6,875 3,420 3,455 8,670 4,100 4,565 2,370 1,150 1,220 466,500 224,290 242,210 62,840 30,300 32,535
Welsh 16,410 8,135 8,275 23,795 11,125 12,675 3,345 1,715 1,630 455,720 216,490 239,230 188,980 89,555 99,425
Portuguese 9,695 4,800 4,895 85,165 41,805 43,360 23,120 11,280 11,840 448,305 222,770 225,535 300,600 149,460 151,145
American 11,045 5,345 5,700 21,905 10,885 11,015 11,970 5,910 6,055 353,495 172,240 181,255 129,750 62,895 66,855
Spanish 10,990 5,030 5,960 44,625 20,895 23,730 31,535 15,600 15,940 342,040 160,475 181,570 143,840 66,950 76,890
Swedish 6,575 3,270 3,305 9,415 4,405 5,005 2,500 1,180 1,320 334,505 156,840 177,665 68,260 31,655 36,600
Hungarian 8,230 3,970 4,255 25,910 12,385 13,530 9,065 4,385 4,680 320,150 155,755 164,395 149,040 72,070 76,970
Acadian 7,460 3,570 3,890 3,935 1,775 2,160 11,725 5,325 6,400 305,170 145,500 159,675 34,125 16,055 18,070
Pakistani 7,485 3,735 3,750 41,705 21,145 20,555 9,080 4,870 4,210 303,260 154,435 148,825 212,650 107,640 105,015
African, n.o.s.127 15,090 7,240 7,850 50,400 23,975 26,425 33,155 16,460 16,695 301,955 148,335 153,625 149,265 72,095 77,175
Jewish 10,700 5,485 5,215 74,080 37,140 36,940 26,680 13,550 13,135 282,015 141,530 140,490 155,180 77,755 77,425
Punjabi 3,420 1,835 1,585 11,980 6,345 5,635 5,655 3,385 2,270 279,950 145,620 134,330 119,085 62,110 56,985
Vietnamese 10,085 4,815 5,270 42,190 19,685 22,510 26,955 12,890 14,070 275,530 131,075 144,445 122,735 58,135 64,590
Arab, n.o.s.128 21,480 10,985 10,495 18,385 9,645 8,740 52,935 28,050 24,885 263,710 138,210 125,500 110,250 56,985 53,270
Greek 7,290 3,835 3,455 51,985 26,040 25,945 26,980 13,250 13,725 262,140 132,975 129,160 143,065 72,455 70,605
Jamaican 6,675 3,290 3,385 62,015 28,165 33,850 5,905 2,760 3,140 249,070 119,265 129,805 201,945 95,525 106,420
Asian, n.o.s.129 5,085 2,390 2,690 39,880 18,735 21,145 8,475 3,860 4,610 226,220 107,785 118,435 110,750 53,190 57,565
Cree, n.o.s.130 1,815 845 970 1,380 695 680 780 355 430 219,855 105,825 114,030 20,025 9,580 10,445
Korean 4,265 2,010 2,260 42,195 19,625 22,575 5,445 2,485 2,960 217,650 101,805 115,845 100,025 47,215 52,810
Romanian 5,620 2,595 3,025 20,010 9,315 10,695 16,255 7,785 8,470 215,885 103,720 112,165 86,435 41,425 45,005
Lebanese 23,990 11,990 12,000 11,530 5,790 5,745 30,115 15,635 14,475 210,605 107,990 102,615 80,345 40,555 39,790
Iranian 7,265 3,680 3,585 37,895 19,030 18,865 12,890 6,310 6,575 200,465 100,790 99,675 109,410 55,025 54,385
Christian, n.i.e.131 4,845 2,360 2,490 15,030 7,120 7,910 11,615 5,780 5,835 200,340 99,800 100,540 73,665 35,960 37,705
Danish 5,015 2,415 2,600 7,120 3,525 3,595 1,820 845 970 196,945 96,220 100,725 52,170 25,415 26,755
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.132 4,065 1,895 2,170 3,925 1,845 2,085 3,710 1,705 2,005 194,840 94,035 100,810 61,790 29,610 32,175
Sikh 1,755 935 815 4,850 2,575 2,270 3,335 1,775 1,560 194,640 101,255 93,385 77,805 40,720 37,085
Austrian 4,670 2,280 2,390 11,700 5,695 6,010 3,485 1,725 1,755 189,535 92,740 96,800 63,920 31,280 32,640
Belgian 4,230 2,025 2,205 4,575 2,255 2,320 10,940 5,520 5,420 182,175 90,150 92,030 56,860 28,120 28,745
Haitian 9,780 4,470 5,310 2,820 1,285 1,530 80,485 37,710 42,775 178,990 84,510 94,490 17,930 8,440 9,495
Hindu 4,180 2,335 1,845 26,510 13,990 12,515 5,610 3,195 2,420 166,160 87,665 78,495 106,970 56,425 50,545
Mexican 3,200 1,400 1,805 15,440 7,570 7,870 15,365 7,685 7,680 155,495 77,435 78,055 54,725 27,070 27,655
Mennonite 1,190 610 580 1,740 820 920 385 195 195 155,095 77,735 77,360 38,095 19,075 19,025
Swiss 3,790 1,760 2,030 6,710 3,305 3,405 5,470 2,695 2,775 145,570 72,015 73,555 56,510 27,790 28,720
Finnish 4,090 2,080 2,010 7,710 3,550 4,165 1,000 425 580 144,055 69,270 74,785 76,275 36,805 39,465
Sri Lankan 2,960 1,450 1,500 43,495 21,320 22,170 7,720 3,820 3,905 132,410 65,175 67,240 105,765 51,825 53,940
Croatian 3,375 1,690 1,685 12,420 5,930 6,495 2,230 1,080 1,155 130,820 64,915 65,905 79,240 39,340 39,900
Japanese 3,105 1,310 1,790 17,115 7,165 9,950 3,565 1,490 2,075 129,425 56,850 72,580 42,250 18,715 23,530
South Asian, n.o.s.133 3,335 1,750 1,575 25,660 13,120 12,540 1,770 970 800 120,125 60,575 59,550 83,435 42,105 41,335
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.134 2,315 1,120 1,195 2,195 995 1,200 2,310 1,015 1,300 111,605 53,700 57,905 21,650 10,225 11,420
Northern European, n.o.s.135 3,290 1,585 1,710 4,345 2,185 2,160 1,300 685 615 110,735 54,730 56,005 31,395 15,385 16,005
Muslim 5,230 2,530 2,695 15,950 8,065 7,880 8,530 4,530 3,995 105,620 54,095 51,525 62,780 31,910 30,865
Egyptian 6,920 3,585 3,330 9,725 5,120 4,605 13,040 6,810 6,230 105,245 55,230 50,020 54,210 28,345 25,855
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.136 3,200 1,525 1,675 17,735 8,680 9,060 12,215 6,250 5,965 104,765 51,375 53,395 48,595 23,670 24,920
Tamil 2,350 1,235 1,115 35,070 17,375 17,695 4,835 2,245 2,585 102,170 51,165 51,005 86,580 43,270 43,310
Icelandic 1,460 740 715 2,560 1,305 1,255 345 205 145 101,990 50,370 51,620 13,915 6,875 7,045
Colombian 2,360 1,060 1,300 10,340 4,845 5,490 11,580 5,525 6,055 100,555 47,995 52,560 39,420 18,730 20,690
Moroccan 2,910 1,485 1,425 3,905 1,895 2,005 37,360 19,125 18,235 99,980 50,835 49,150 12,300 5,935 6,365
Czech 3,215 1,525 1,690 7,745 3,630 4,115 2,395 1,080 1,315 98,925 47,495 51,430 39,400 18,745 20,655
Syrian 6,610 3,290 3,325 6,785 3,285 3,495 13,935 6,830 7,105 98,250 49,385 48,865 42,525 21,170 21,365
Guyanese 2,010 915 1,095 27,780 12,870 14,910 1,650 815 835 97,210 46,270 50,940 85,455 40,520 44,935
Afghan 4,475 2,255 2,220 18,760 9,300 9,460 1,885 1,005 885 96,810 48,255 48,550 61,255 30,315 30,940
Black, n.o.s.137 4,085 1,955 2,125 22,590 9,570 13,030 7,275 3,530 3,740 94,585 44,335 50,250 59,655 27,150 32,505
Serbian 2,535 1,220 1,320 17,775 8,655 9,120 1,755 835 920 93,360 46,945 46,410 64,415 32,230 32,175
Ojibway 1,320 625 695 2,405 1,185 1,225 250 130 125 92,220 44,610 47,600 52,770 25,660 27,110
Newfoundlander 2,465 1,200 1,265 3,370 1,640 1,735 390 230 160 91,670 45,665 46,005 29,950 14,735 15,215
Hong Konger 1,200 605 595 12,835 6,050 6,785 1,000 460 540 81,680 39,485 42,195 41,120 19,885 21,235
Ontarian 5,400 2,575 2,825 4,725 2,365 2,360 795 370 430 80,555 39,675 40,880 64,245 31,915 32,335
Persian 3,095 1,605 1,490 15,215 7,895 7,330 4,285 2,325 1,955 80,340 41,415 38,925 46,445 23,795 22,650
Trinidadian/Tobagonian 2,090 1,000 1,095 17,350 8,165 9,180 2,925 1,500 1,425 77,405 37,655 39,750 59,110 28,445 30,670
Turkish 4,175 2,125 2,050 15,770 8,275 7,490 8,160 4,055 4,105 76,745 39,955 36,795 43,555 22,580 20,970
Inuit, n.o.s.138 1,635 730 905 285 110 170 775 220 555 76,675 37,315 39,365 6,160 2,810 3,350
Bangladeshi 3,680 1,850 1,830 26,650 13,640 13,010 8,790 4,475 4,310 75,425 39,085 36,335 47,195 24,190 23,000
Algerian 2,015 1,015 1,005 1,290 610 680 40,570 21,135 19,435 73,770 38,035 35,740 4,970 2,450 2,510
Brazilian 2,550 1,315 1,235 14,860 7,215 7,640 6,440 3,085 3,355 71,755 34,670 37,085 33,905 16,455 17,450
Nigerian 3,850 1,845 2,005 10,870 5,165 5,700 1,780 820 955 69,540 34,680 34,860 36,750 17,890 18,865
Armenian 1,670 880 785 11,885 5,830 6,055 10,715 5,120 5,595 68,850 34,105 34,745 30,860 15,245 15,610
Slovak 2,665 1,225 1,440 7,065 3,435 3,630 1,375 640 735 68,210 33,475 34,740 37,165 18,390 18,780
Eastern European, n.o.s.139 2,630 1,200 1,430 11,345 5,360 5,990 2,990 1,430 1,555 66,780 31,525 35,255 32,880 15,745 17,135
Somali 10,500 4,795 5,705 19,810 9,465 10,345 1,155 550 610 65,555 31,555 33,995 41,640 19,575 22,070
Taiwanese 1,270 600 675 7,955 3,510 4,445 1,860 860 1,000 64,020 29,280 34,740 17,960 8,150 9,810
Iraqi 3,890 1,950 1,945 7,490 3,690 3,800 1,770 975 800 59,300 29,865 29,435 42,980 21,520 21,460
Salvadorean 2,030 990 1,045 7,195 3,480 3,715 9,125 4,430 4,700 59,280 29,150 30,130 24,740 11,925 12,815
African Caribbean 2,575 1,110 1,465 15,300 6,390 8,910 5,045 2,265 2,780 59,050 26,385 32,670 43,475 19,070 24,405
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.140 1,710 825 885 13,395 6,145 7,250 1,775 775 995 58,870 27,845 31,025 32,785 15,515 17,265
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.141 5,030 2,615 2,415 7,875 4,175 3,705 3,005 1,655 1,355 58,840 30,560 28,280 38,000 19,570 18,430
Caribbean, n.o.s.142 2,395 1,075 1,320 14,565 6,230 8,335 4,900 2,065 2,835 57,195 25,715 31,475 39,165 17,615 21,555
Algonquin 4,015 1,710 2,300 625 295 330 1,725 860 865 56,070 27,025 29,040 20,910 9,815 11,090
West Indian, n.o.s.143 1,075 510 565 14,825 6,495 8,330 1,900 775 1,120 52,085 23,685 28,395 42,575 19,380 23,200
Lithuanian 2,130 1,015 1,120 8,190 3,890 4,300 2,110 930 1,180 52,040 24,510 27,530 29,870 14,165 15,705
South African 1,540 735 805 5,505 2,790 2,715 465 220 245 49,840 24,885 24,955 21,965 11,055 10,910
Australian 1,285 635 650 3,480 1,850 1,630 830 405 425 46,765 24,165 22,595 14,775 7,780 6,995
Palestinian 4,915 2,520 2,400 4,020 2,010 2,015 3,525 1,890 1,640 45,905 23,930 21,975 30,365 15,605 14,755
Chilean 865 415 455 5,165 2,405 2,755 6,025 2,985 3,040 45,685 22,520 23,165 14,370 6,800 7,570
Congolese 5,130 2,260 2,875 2,705 1,235 1,465 9,965 4,820 5,140 45,260 22,000 23,260 12,815 5,870 6,945
Nova Scotian 1,185 575 610 1,170 585 585 505 225 280 44,720 21,700 23,025 10,195 5,000 5,190
Ethiopian 2,600 1,355 1,245 11,065 5,170 5,895 965 495 475 42,545 20,675 21,875 20,625 9,970 10,665
Hispanic, n.o.s.144 1,255 585 670 7,945 3,730 4,220 3,165 1,615 1,550 42,405 20,105 22,300 22,825 10,645 12,180
Peruvian 1,325 640 685 5,235 2,510 2,720 8,415 3,870 4,545 42,295 19,925 22,370 15,260 7,295 7,965
Yoruba 1,815 990 825 5,395 2,800 2,595 1,710 940 770 42,075 21,740 20,330 19,350 9,870 9,475
Cambodian (Khmer) 2,375 1,065 1,310 2,800 1,250 1,555 8,775 4,125 4,650 41,950 19,835 22,115 15,155 7,065 8,095
Berber 1,310 685 630 505 265 245 19,835 10,545 9,290 41,700 22,325 19,370 3,055 1,585 1,470
Albanian 1,160 625 535 12,250 6,200 6,050 2,560 1,300 1,260 41,620 21,050 20,570 29,575 14,865 14,715
Maltese 605 280 325 6,400 3,110 3,295 360 200 160 40,670 20,210 20,455 33,825 16,710 17,110
Macedonian 535 230 300 11,600 5,800 5,805 325 165 160 39,440 19,500 19,940 35,925 17,810 18,115
Slovenian 1,015 530 485 4,805 2,310 2,495 825 365 455 38,595 18,785 19,815 25,085 12,325 12,760
Western European, n.o.s.145 1,620 780 840 2,575 1,275 1,305 2,185 1,225 960 38,520 18,935 19,585 13,170 6,310 6,855
New Brunswicker 855 370 490 525 215 310 850 430 425 37,670 18,235 19,435 5,865 2,750 3,115
Gujarati 1,025 525 495 6,650 3,465 3,190 880 475 405 36,970 19,580 17,385 25,995 13,705 12,285
Eritrean 2,095 1,085 1,010 8,355 3,975 4,380 615 305 310 36,290 18,185 18,110 17,165 8,390 8,770
African Canadian 1,170 530 640 6,015 2,910 3,105 1,290 680 610 35,395 17,140 18,250 20,025 9,540 10,485
Israeli 955 455 500 7,415 3,890 3,525 2,760 1,485 1,275 35,345 18,410 16,940 20,570 10,745 9,825
Mohawk 1,780 835 945 1,275 600 675 1,345 600 740 33,330 16,485 16,845 20,595 10,170 10,425
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.146 665 325 340 1,750 790 960 550 235 315 33,135 15,355 17,775 12,115 5,600 6,505
Bulgarian 1,525 735 790 5,830 2,845 2,980 4,040 1,955 2,085 33,085 16,235 16,850 15,900 7,810 8,095
Albertan 220 135 85 165 90 75 100 35 65 32,575 16,525 16,055 1,185 580 600
Ghanaian 1,195 595 600 7,550 3,545 4,005 1,735 925 810 31,720 15,650 16,065 20,935 10,015 10,915
Barbadian 1,130 555 570 6,340 2,785 3,550 2,410 1,195 1,215 31,440 15,265 16,175 21,205 10,175 11,035
African American 780 390 390 4,410 2,080 2,330 1,600 790 810 31,430 15,700 15,730 16,380 7,985 8,395
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.147 800 370 435 2,855 1,260 1,590 825 450 375 30,565 14,635 15,930 16,400 7,800 8,605
Tunisian 885 440 445 485 255 230 11,510 6,360 5,150 30,465 16,585 13,875 2,430 1,240 1,190
Slavic, n.o.s.148 1,420 700 715 4,710 2,265 2,450 1,350 615 725 30,220 15,225 14,995 15,800 7,910 7,890
Cuban 1,245 585 665 4,760 2,310 2,450 3,770 1,915 1,850 30,065 14,830 15,235 14,785 7,185 7,600
Bosnian 1,365 675 690 3,255 1,670 1,585 510 245 270 28,490 14,320 14,170 16,065 8,070 7,995
Venezuelan 1,045 490 560 4,130 1,930 2,195 3,895 1,730 2,160 28,395 13,220 15,175 12,885 6,015 6,865
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.149 325 155 165 50 20 30 1,610 705 905 28,225 13,490 14,735 1,010 440 575
Latvian 1,110 565 545 4,915 2,355 2,550 625 330 295 28,140 13,515 14,620 16,070 7,545 8,525
Bengali 1,255 670 585 9,230 4,795 4,435 3,570 1,775 1,800 26,675 13,830 12,850 16,665 8,635 8,030
Cameroonian 1,185 625 555 1,020 470 545 6,740 3,360 3,380 26,535 12,960 13,580 4,295 2,060 2,230
Guatemalan 405 190 215 2,980 1,465 1,515 4,875 2,545 2,330 26,460 13,920 12,540 10,175 5,045 5,130
Indonesian 970 445 525 3,330 1,490 1,845 1,000 455 540 26,330 11,910 14,415 10,645 4,835 5,820
Laotian 815 370 445 1,670 735 930 2,510 1,280 1,235 25,875 12,500 13,375 10,870 5,165 5,695
Ilocano 455 230 235 6,220 2,805 3,415 1,085 525 565 25,575 11,860 13,715 10,560 4,790 5,775
Northern Irish 1,005 500 515 2,625 1,440 1,185 310 160 150 25,200 12,495 12,710 14,875 7,390 7,480
Celtic, n.o.s.150 1,205 615 595 2,180 1,085 1,095 585 295 290 24,420 12,265 12,155 10,135 5,135 5,005
British Columbian 225 105 115 165 70 90 90 40 50 24,325 12,230 12,095 1,020 460 565
Ecuadorian 350 130 215 8,450 4,020 4,430 1,190 565 630 24,255 11,510 12,745 18,835 8,955 9,880
Franco Ontarian 6,225 2,875 3,355 795 430 365 675 355 315 24,110 11,540 12,570 18,755 8,900 9,855
Argentinian 505 230 280 4,015 2,030 1,980 2,545 1,310 1,230 23,500 11,665 11,840 11,950 5,935 6,015
Estonian 865 415 445 3,840 1,745 2,095 365 215 150 23,455 11,080 12,375 14,025 6,585 7,440
Kurdish 1,140 585 555 3,825 2,195 1,630 1,470 840 635 23,130 12,670 10,460 13,495 7,445 6,050
Fijian 50 15 40 545 250 295 15 0 10 23,020 11,040 11,980 2,345 1,080 1,265
Jatt 185 95 95 660 340 320 390 185 205 22,785 11,695 11,090 9,195 4,725 4,470
North American, n.o.s.151 470 240 230 1,050 530 515 715 370 345 22,785 11,680 11,105 8,040 4,020 4,025
Coptic 1,050 510 540 1,645 835 810 2,240 1,170 1,070 22,570 11,405 11,165 14,845 7,400 7,440
Thai 1,015 375 640 2,220 890 1,335 1,150 395 755 22,275 8,525 13,750 7,850 3,215 4,640
Dominican 805 375 430 3,140 1,465 1,675 5,245 2,460 2,790 22,125 10,615 11,510 8,585 4,185 4,400
Nepali 915 475 450 3,310 1,665 1,645 430 240 185 21,975 11,215 10,765 11,585 5,890 5,690
Kabyle 320 150 170 60 15 45 10,940 5,660 5,275 20,565 10,595 9,975 570 255 320
Assyrian 230 105 125 4,055 1,975 2,085 345 150 200 19,685 9,730 9,955 17,080 8,360 8,720
Igbo 1,340 650 685 2,025 955 1,065 565 325 240 19,305 9,890 9,415 8,595 4,175 4,420
Byelorussian 945 435 510 2,725 1,330 1,395 1,090 555 535 18,850 9,055 9,795 9,730 4,630 5,095
Dene, n.o.s.152 25 10 15 55 35 15 25 10 15 18,745 9,030 9,710 285 110 175
Blackfoot, n.o.s.153 325 150 175 265 135 125 100 45 50 18,545 8,975 9,570 3,445 1,675 1,760
Abenaki 225 115 110 45 20 15 1,685 750 935 18,420 8,545 9,870 1,300 590 710
Moldovan 375 155 225 1,170 580 590 3,295 1,630 1,665 18,190 8,850 9,340 4,295 2,065 2,225
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.154 515 215 295 300 145 150 1,120 500 615 17,955 8,625 9,330 5,550 2,640 2,910
New Zealander 490 290 200 1,235 600 635 265 150 115 17,755 9,275 8,470 4,865 2,645 2,220
Sudanese 795 390 410 2,195 1,075 1,115 300 155 145 17,485 8,825 8,665 9,200 4,570 4,630
Breton 160 80 75 140 80 60 3,775 1,765 2,010 17,465 8,710 8,755 650 325 325
Pennsylvania Dutch 270 95 180 750 350 400 45 20 25 17,315 7,300 10,020 12,085 5,180 6,900
Malaysian 635 305 330 2,720 1,225 1,500 375 205 165 17,050 7,935 9,115 7,360 3,380 3,990
Plains Cree 60 25 40 70 35 35 35 15 20 16,570 8,255 8,310 365 180 185
North African, n.o.s.155 1,095 560 535 1,080 535 550 5,440 2,890 2,545 16,315 8,565 7,750 3,660 1,850 1,810
Huron (Wendat) 390 210 190 150 60 85 1,425 655 770 15,910 7,715 8,195 2,070 1,000 1,075
Saskatchewanian 400 160 235 170 75 95 70 25 45 15,780 7,505 8,280 1,755 720 1,040
Buddhist 415 170 250 2,880 1,390 1,485 690 295 400 15,660 7,485 8,175 8,440 4,045 4,400
Gaspesian 60 35 25 50 25 25 1,565 705 860 15,650 7,290 8,360 700 335 365
Norman 450 240 215 330 185 145 1,850 905 940 15,340 8,155 7,190 2,250 1,330 925
Southern or East African, n.o.s.156 785 380 410 3,390 1,560 1,835 260 105 155 15,055 7,180 7,875 9,250 4,355 4,895
Ivorian 785 370 415 495 200 295 3,370 1,610 1,760 15,010 7,255 7,755 2,270 1,040 1,230
Saulteaux 70 30 40 130 55 75 35 10 15 14,265 6,730 7,535 735 340 390
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.157 445 195 250 560 265 300 140 60 85 14,260 6,525 7,735 6,980 3,250 3,735
Burundian 2,695 1,275 1,415 435 210 230 2,120 1,025 1,090 14,110 6,810 7,295 4,105 1,940 2,165
Tigrinya 405 220 180 2,450 1,225 1,220 370 210 160 13,910 7,435 6,470 5,290 2,750 2,535
Nicaraguan 615 285 335 2,135 935 1,200 1,255 630 625 13,840 6,730 7,120 6,575 3,055 3,520
Mauritian 635 310 325 1,430 695 740 1,955 1,080 870 13,755 7,020 6,730 5,050 2,540 2,510
Kenyan 630 240 385 2,195 960 1,235 210 95 115 13,565 6,510 7,055 6,970 3,290 3,680
Oji-Cree 70 20 45 75 30 45 0 0 0 13,525 6,610 6,915 7,300 3,560 3,745
Vincentian 270 95 175 4,130 1,700 2,430 2,215 885 1,330 13,245 5,800 7,445 9,080 4,010 5,070
Jordanian 1,505 790 715 1,365 755 615 770 430 340 13,225 7,055 6,170 9,040 4,825 4,215
Manitoban 255 135 115 170 65 100 110 45 60 13,095 6,530 6,565 1,505 700 800
Cape Bretoner 330 145 185 285 140 140 50 15 35 13,065 6,175 6,885 3,040 1,440 1,595
Rwandan 1,530 705 825 630 285 355 2,125 975 1,155 12,890 6,150 6,740 3,450 1,580 1,865
Grenadian 280 145 140 5,060 2,125 2,930 910 350 560 12,890 5,965 6,930 10,250 4,820 5,430
Malayali 550 300 250 1,850 1,015 840 335 185 150 12,490 6,580 5,910 8,100 4,245 3,860
Chaldean 55 30 25 1,270 685 585 110 40 75 12,115 6,080 6,035 10,280 5,185 5,090
Sinhalese 660 340 320 2,320 1,115 1,200 310 150 165 12,080 5,905 6,170 8,060 3,985 4,075
Mayan 290 120 175 1,250 620 625 1,695 900 795 11,710 5,980 5,730 4,085 2,065 2,025
Honduran 260 140 120 1,040 510 530 2,260 1,015 1,240 10,920 5,370 5,550 3,735 1,870 1,865
Cherokee 315 125 190 305 160 140 195 90 100 10,825 5,080 5,745 3,555 1,630 1,920
Qalipu Mi'kmaq 160 55 105 90 45 45 15 10 0 10,750 5,130 5,620 1,350 585 765
Indo-Caribbean 290 110 185 2,975 1,320 1,655 280 135 140 10,490 4,710 5,775 8,830 3,915 4,920
Flemish 345 170 180 470 250 220 520 265 255 10,275 4,950 5,325 3,565 1,770 1,790
United Empire Loyalist 595 265 325 800 410 380 90 45 50 10,015 4,975 5,045 6,730 3,345 3,390
Senegalese 440 225 215 300 160 140 3,165 1,585 1,580 9,955 5,115 4,840 1,155 610 550
Azerbaijani 310 170 140 2,375 1,210 1,160 510 260 245 9,915 5,165 4,750 6,235 3,235 3,005
Sicilian 270 145 130 1,005 485 525 970 495 470 9,835 5,135 4,695 5,840 3,075 2,760
Pashtun 540 295 245 1,755 965 790 475 245 220 9,825 5,195 4,625 6,385 3,395 2,990
Malay 110 45 65 1,715 815 895 300 135 165 9,795 4,725 5,065 3,910 1,930 1,980
Goan 315 145 170 2,105 970 1,135 115 55 60 9,700 4,710 4,990 7,930 3,830 4,100
Bantu, n.o.s.158 830 395 435 940 420 520 1,635 815 815 9,455 4,705 4,755 3,150 1,535 1,615
Tibetan 55 25 25 6,335 3,145 3,190 135 65 70 9,350 4,650 4,700 7,380 3,630 3,745
Zimbabwean 320 125 200 745 340 400 180 105 75 9,165 4,435 4,725 3,780 1,780 2,005
Burmese 465 210 265 1,220 555 665 225 105 120 9,150 4,385 4,760 4,290 1,980 2,310
Mongolian 425 170 255 1,255 530 720 480 210 270 9,090 4,240 4,850 3,585 1,635 1,950
Azorean 165 85 80 1,470 660 810 730 310 415 8,970 4,235 4,735 6,085 2,875 3,210
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0 0 0 325 145 180 8,400 4,270 4,125 85 35 45
Bamileke 380 195 185 315 165 150 2,160 1,115 1,040 8,315 4,220 4,090 1,100 570 530
Indo-Guyanese 220 115 105 2,765 1,150 1,615 125 60 65 8,310 3,765 4,545 7,605 3,425 4,180
Ugandan 590 305 285 2,190 995 1,190 100 55 50 8,285 3,910 4,375 4,685 2,225 2,460
Oromo 410 220 190 1,785 945 840 50 25 25 8,255 4,425 3,830 3,015 1,570 1,445
Tanzanian 380 180 200 1,810 815 990 175 85 90 8,140 3,945 4,195 4,865 2,285 2,580
Yemeni 985 485 500 1,635 790 845 515 275 240 8,115 3,995 4,130 5,300 2,585 2,715
Central African 630 290 340 155 105 50 1,415 675 740 8,080 3,830 4,250 1,630 770 860
Libyan 1,430 725 705 575 310 260 590 320 270 7,945 4,265 3,680 4,200 2,155 2,050
Basque 335 160 175 355 215 145 980 515 465 7,745 4,030 3,710 1,515 835 680
Uruguayan 135 55 80 1,475 755 715 785 450 335 7,660 3,870 3,790 4,720 2,335 2,390
Akan, n.o.s.159 290 155 135 1,125 585 545 545 270 270 7,640 3,835 3,805 4,055 2,045 2,010
Central or West African, n.o.s.160 450 205 245 1,390 635 750 870 500 370 7,635 3,690 3,950 3,605 1,650 1,955
Igorot 195 95 100 1,125 445 675 290 105 185 7,535 3,305 4,230 2,245 950 1,300
Fulani 310 150 155 400 225 175 2,380 1,260 1,120 7,480 3,865 3,620 1,165 605 565
Woodland Cree 0 0 0 15 10 0 0 0 0 7,415 3,615 3,800 275 150 125
Guinean 320 130 185 290 165 120 2,670 1,375 1,290 7,390 3,700 3,695 1,120 530 590
St. Lucian 635 265 375 2,450 1,020 1,430 255 100 155 7,285 3,340 3,945 5,850 2,660 3,190
Prince Edward Islander 230 120 110 315 135 180 0 0 0 7,225 3,355 3,875 1,900 890 1,010
Maliseet 135 60 75 35 10 30 200 70 135 7,220 3,515 3,705 615 285 335
Beninese 240 145 95 470 200 270 2,000 1,140 865 6,810 3,630 3,180 1,325 630 695
Telugu 220 115 110 1,440 840 595 180 125 55 6,670 3,730 2,945 4,755 2,665 2,090
Roma 150 65 80 1,500 815 685 235 110 125 6,545 3,225 3,320 3,470 1,735 1,735
Costa Rican 175 90 85 890 440 455 720 425 295 6,500 3,265 3,230 2,735 1,390 1,345
African Nova Scotian 200 95 105 570 215 355 215 105 115 6,480 2,945 3,535 1,650 725 925
Malagasy 220 115 100 135 65 75 1,625 755 865 6,255 3,085 3,170 555 265 290
Kashmiri 130 70 65 890 390 495 75 40 30 6,165 3,020 3,145 3,905 1,900 2,000
Singaporean 165 65 100 860 390 475 75 55 15 6,060 2,755 3,305 2,320 1,070 1,250
Karen 385 215 170 265 120 140 10 0 0 6,050 3,065 2,985 2,365 1,185 1,180
Edo 310 140 170 1,250 630 625 290 130 155 5,985 2,995 2,995 3,515 1,705 1,810
Tajik 370 200 170 1,545 760 785 100 45 55 5,980 2,965 3,015 4,150 2,065 2,080
Amhara 415 190 225 1,985 990 995 95 45 45 5,945 3,010 2,930 3,135 1,560 1,575
Paraguayan 60 30 35 205 75 130 90 35 60 5,925 2,855 3,075 855 365 490
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data161 1,000,935 489,105 511,830 2,761,285 1,336,390 1,424,895 1,723,230 851,610 871,620 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 14,031,750 6,887,570 7,144,185
Buddhist 10,800 4,740 6,060 62,475 27,945 34,530 26,395 11,650 14,745 356,975 157,435 199,540 164,215 73,715 90,500
Christian 528,700 244,560 284,140 1,274,450 580,640 693,810 853,205 397,365 455,840 19,373,325 9,131,320 10,242,005 7,315,810 3,410,290 3,905,520
Christian, n.o.s.162 64,320 29,935 34,385 230,275 105,035 125,240 105,435 50,405 55,035 2,760,760 1,319,760 1,440,995 1,070,190 503,135 567,055
Anabaptist 885 360 525 1,415 685 730 195 80 120 144,145 70,095 74,050 57,795 28,065 29,725
Anglican 41,175 19,000 22,180 66,495 29,145 37,350 9,480 4,260 5,220 1,134,315 515,270 619,045 525,425 236,080 289,345
Baptist 7,600 3,435 4,170 22,180 9,535 12,645 11,620 5,335 6,290 436,940 200,325 236,615 165,400 75,170 90,230
Catholic 303,820 141,215 162,605 669,320 309,400 359,920 602,630 280,655 321,975 10,880,360 5,193,345 5,687,010 3,654,825 1,729,760 1,925,070
Christian Orthodox 21,350 10,220 11,125 110,665 52,095 58,565 55,730 26,490 29,235 623,010 301,055 321,955 329,850 158,655 171,200
Jehovah's Witness 3,015 1,290 1,730 8,550 3,400 5,155 6,790 2,720 4,070 137,255 59,505 77,750 48,290 20,680 27,610
Latter Day Saints 1,175 575 600 1,855 920 940 1,140 520 620 87,725 41,365 46,360 16,420 7,710 8,710
Lutheran 6,350 2,890 3,460 10,485 4,615 5,870 1,510 685 825 328,045 150,115 177,925 114,810 52,600 62,215
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness) 1,995 915 1,080 5,080 2,140 2,940 840 400 440 100,655 46,640 54,020 35,320 15,890 19,430
Pentecostal and other Charismatic 11,585 5,100 6,490 32,900 13,615 19,280 14,860 6,485 8,380 399,025 180,870 218,155 174,605 77,250 97,360
Presbyterian 9,245 4,370 4,880 24,760 11,085 13,670 2,615 1,230 1,380 301,400 136,440 164,960 202,275 91,710 110,560
Reformed 1,115 525 590 1,175 560 615 310 150 165 79,870 39,250 40,620 47,400 23,275 24,120
United Church 34,445 15,285 19,160 43,465 18,265 25,195 3,950 1,655 2,295 1,214,185 531,740 682,445 570,830 251,315 319,520
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions 20,610 9,445 11,165 45,840 20,140 25,705 36,100 16,305 19,790 745,650 345,540 400,110 302,375 138,995 163,385
Hindu 20,300 10,690 9,610 171,980 88,440 83,540 30,430 16,600 13,835 828,195 430,135 398,060 573,700 295,980 277,720
Jewish 10,600 5,260 5,340 99,390 48,285 51,105 35,930 17,990 17,940 335,295 164,220 171,070 196,100 96,075 100,020
Muslim 98,920 49,570 49,350 264,155 133,135 131,025 218,395 113,570 104,820 1,775,715 904,205 871,510 942,990 474,965 468,025
Sikh 6,375 3,315 3,065 21,545 10,985 10,565 15,630 8,360 7,265 771,790 394,345 377,445 300,435 155,390 145,040
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality 445 185 265 935 425 510 205 80 130 80,685 38,460 42,230 15,985 7,400 8,580
Other religions and spiritual traditions 8,055 3,395 4,660 20,730 9,250 11,480 8,860 4,145 4,710 229,015 97,645 131,370 88,845 37,840 51,000
No religion and secular perspectives 316,740 167,400 149,340 845,615 437,290 408,325 534,180 281,845 252,340 12,577,475 6,619,395 5,958,080 4,433,675 2,335,900 2,097,770
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data163 992,100 484,685 507,410 2,736,910 1,324,065 1,412,845 1,706,230 842,970 863,255 35,986,480 17,761,880 18,224,600 13,904,805 6,823,190 7,081,615
Non-movers 860,725 419,245 441,485 2,382,090 1,148,830 1,233,265 1,471,775 723,745 748,030 31,600,930 15,595,875 16,005,050 12,295,685 6,023,840 6,271,855
Movers 131,375 65,445 65,930 354,820 175,235 179,585 234,450 119,225 115,230 4,385,555 2,166,005 2,219,550 1,609,120 799,355 809,765
Non-migrants 94,310 47,145 47,160 261,975 129,440 132,540 174,665 88,775 85,895 2,572,400 1,270,395 1,302,005 914,170 454,180 459,990
Migrants 37,060 18,295 18,770 92,845 45,800 47,045 59,790 30,455 29,335 1,813,155 895,610 917,550 694,950 345,175 349,775
Internal migrants 26,175 12,765 13,415 52,170 25,705 26,465 31,510 15,825 15,685 1,519,200 748,025 771,180 570,275 282,115 288,165
Intraprovincial migrants 15,845 7,690 8,160 42,095 20,635 21,460 22,730 11,190 11,535 1,250,235 612,810 637,425 516,425 255,130 261,300
Interprovincial migrants 10,335 5,080 5,260 10,070 5,065 5,005 8,780 4,635 4,145 268,965 135,215 133,750 53,850 26,985 26,865
External migrants 10,885 5,530 5,360 40,675 20,095 20,580 28,280 14,630 13,650 293,955 147,585 146,370 124,670 63,060 61,610
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data164 952,255 464,540 487,715 2,637,900 1,273,360 1,364,545 1,634,705 806,720 827,980 34,504,330 17,002,250 17,502,080 13,349,180 6,539,010 6,810,170
Non-movers 561,640 272,320 289,320 1,664,210 792,965 871,240 890,430 431,050 459,385 21,061,090 10,370,425 10,690,660 8,361,770 4,077,100 4,284,665
Movers 390,615 192,220 198,395 973,695 480,390 493,300 744,270 375,675 368,595 13,443,240 6,631,825 6,811,420 4,987,410 2,461,910 2,525,505
Non-migrants 226,395 111,260 115,130 530,780 259,585 271,200 416,555 207,830 208,725 5,773,890 2,840,425 2,933,460 2,087,055 1,023,085 1,063,965
Migrants 164,220 80,960 83,260 442,910 220,810 222,105 327,720 167,840 159,875 7,669,355 3,791,400 3,877,955 2,900,355 1,438,815 1,461,540
Internal migrants 102,750 49,970 52,780 200,725 97,915 102,810 145,860 72,315 73,545 5,976,960 2,932,205 3,044,755 2,167,365 1,064,190 1,103,170
Intraprovincial migrants 60,055 28,950 31,110 157,040 76,340 80,700 118,675 58,715 59,960 5,055,615 2,472,510 2,583,105 1,938,720 949,475 989,250
Interprovincial migrants 42,695 21,025 21,670 43,685 21,575 22,115 27,185 13,600 13,580 921,345 459,695 461,650 228,640 114,715 113,925
External migrants 61,470 30,985 30,485 242,185 122,895 119,295 181,860 95,525 86,335 1,692,390 859,195 833,200 732,990 374,630 358,365
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 834,140 404,315 429,820 2,377,945 1,139,355 1,238,590 1,453,295 713,745 739,550 30,335,920 14,861,250 15,474,670 11,782,825 5,733,360 6,049,460
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 100,305 49,975 50,330 364,050 174,890 189,165 253,885 125,810 128,075 5,474,175 2,907,175 2,567,000 1,969,920 1,007,805 962,115
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 733,835 354,340 379,495 2,013,895 964,460 1,049,430 1,199,415 587,940 611,470 24,861,745 11,954,065 12,907,675 9,812,905 4,725,555 5,087,350
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 543,310 264,050 279,255 1,602,620 776,280 826,335 981,205 492,180 489,025 19,568,265 9,620,340 9,947,925 7,584,645 3,700,540 3,884,105
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 35,045 18,430 16,615 151,430 78,530 72,905 115,240 62,335 52,905 2,271,360 1,309,215 962,140 757,455 418,970 338,485
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 508,265 245,620 262,645 1,451,180 697,755 753,435 865,970 429,855 436,115 17,296,905 8,311,120 8,985,780 6,827,190 3,281,570 3,545,615
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 834,135 404,315 429,825 2,377,950 1,139,355 1,238,595 1,453,295 713,745 739,550 30,335,915 14,861,245 15,474,670 11,782,820 5,733,360 6,049,460
No certificate, diploma or degree 92,035 45,570 46,465 339,500 161,330 178,165 228,310 111,220 117,090 4,899,580 2,534,175 2,365,395 1,799,890 904,590 895,300
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 192,100 96,810 95,290 555,590 281,045 274,545 281,440 143,785 137,655 8,097,295 4,022,790 4,074,505 3,204,170 1,608,155 1,596,015
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 550,000 261,940 288,060 1,482,860 696,980 785,885 943,545 458,740 484,805 17,339,045 8,304,275 9,034,770 6,778,765 3,220,615 3,558,155
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 204,535 98,395 106,140 506,235 237,545 268,695 420,630 208,325 212,310 9,252,800 4,623,985 4,628,815 3,250,175 1,592,945 1,657,230
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 29,735 18,835 10,900 80,935 51,140 29,800 135,320 75,570 59,755 2,641,555 1,811,500 830,055 592,485 426,550 165,935
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 16,420 9,130 7,295 46,255 26,680 19,575 98,575 50,165 48,415 1,458,160 827,980 630,185 287,155 178,555 108,605
Apprenticeship certificate169 13,315 9,710 3,605 34,680 24,460 10,225 36,750 25,405 11,335 1,183,395 983,525 199,870 305,330 248,000 57,325
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 157,470 72,260 85,215 356,760 156,325 200,435 226,630 107,020 119,610 5,714,490 2,439,925 3,274,560 2,389,205 1,046,345 1,342,855
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 17,325 7,300 10,030 68,545 30,085 38,460 58,675 25,735 32,945 896,755 372,560 524,195 268,480 120,040 148,440
Bachelor's degree or higher 345,465 163,545 181,925 976,620 459,435 517,190 522,915 250,415 272,500 8,086,245 3,680,285 4,405,955 3,528,600 1,627,675 1,900,925
Bachelor's degree 208,395 95,085 113,310 615,160 284,465 330,695 294,530 137,550 156,980 5,295,360 2,339,045 2,956,315 2,307,685 1,034,000 1,273,685
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 18,710 8,060 10,655 62,665 28,715 33,955 51,000 23,685 27,315 556,510 243,200 313,310 224,820 99,320 125,500
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 8,015 3,725 4,290 24,940 12,115 12,820 13,135 6,300 6,830 214,105 108,000 106,105 90,530 45,085 45,445
Master's degree 91,830 45,080 46,745 238,415 114,030 124,385 138,940 68,590 70,355 1,740,605 824,250 916,355 786,440 377,795 408,640
Earned doctorate171 18,520 11,590 6,925 35,445 20,110 15,330 25,315 14,295 11,025 279,660 165,795 113,870 119,125 71,465 47,655
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 543,305 264,050 279,255 1,602,615 776,280 826,335 981,210 492,185 489,025 19,568,260 9,620,335 9,947,920 7,584,645 3,700,540 3,884,105
No certificate, diploma or degree 30,180 16,000 14,180 137,130 71,175 65,950 97,670 52,760 44,910 1,931,855 1,094,855 837,000 667,665 367,715 299,945
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 95,710 51,705 44,005 304,135 163,550 140,590 146,020 79,740 66,280 4,501,365 2,349,540 2,151,825 1,770,810 938,035 832,775
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 417,415 196,340 221,070 1,161,345 541,550 619,795 737,515 359,680 377,835 13,135,045 6,175,940 6,959,105 5,146,170 2,394,785 2,751,385
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 148,475 72,405 76,070 370,020 173,795 196,220 302,205 152,275 149,925 6,703,100 3,338,215 3,364,885 2,356,375 1,142,180 1,214,195
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 19,900 12,550 7,350 53,060 33,500 19,560 103,365 56,740 46,625 1,886,510 1,280,245 606,260 384,770 276,165 108,600
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 10,930 6,050 4,885 30,330 17,550 12,780 76,115 38,060 38,055 1,050,285 586,420 463,865 184,665 114,510 70,155
Apprenticeship certificate169 8,965 6,505 2,460 22,730 15,950 6,785 27,250 18,680 8,565 836,220 693,830 142,395 200,110 161,655 38,450
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 117,225 54,875 62,350 268,055 118,975 149,080 155,015 75,780 79,230 4,193,505 1,796,935 2,396,575 1,787,580 784,340 1,003,235
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 11,355 4,980 6,370 48,905 21,325 27,575 43,825 19,755 24,070 623,090 261,035 362,050 184,030 81,665 102,360
Bachelor's degree or higher 268,935 123,940 145,000 791,330 367,755 423,575 435,315 207,405 227,905 6,431,940 2,837,720 3,594,215 2,789,795 1,252,610 1,537,190
Bachelor's degree 160,030 72,300 87,730 491,215 226,820 264,395 239,785 112,440 127,345 4,177,455 1,808,555 2,368,900 1,798,010 793,045 1,004,965
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 13,910 5,590 8,315 49,305 21,930 27,375 42,855 19,650 23,205 430,875 179,230 251,645 173,205 72,790 100,420
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 6,290 2,590 3,700 19,385 8,515 10,870 10,470 4,595 5,875 167,730 75,120 92,615 71,055 31,530 39,525
Master's degree 75,160 35,605 39,555 204,360 96,085 108,270 121,575 59,570 62,010 1,446,435 659,295 787,145 658,060 305,270 352,785
Earned doctorate171 13,545 7,850 5,700 27,070 14,400 12,670 20,630 11,160 9,475 209,445 115,530 93,915 89,470 49,975 39,490
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data172 834,135 404,315 429,820 2,377,945 1,139,350 1,238,595 1,453,300 713,750 739,550 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,675 11,782,820 5,733,360 6,049,460
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 284,135 142,380 141,760 895,085 442,375 452,710 509,755 255,010 254,740 12,996,870 6,556,970 6,439,900 5,004,055 2,512,745 2,491,305
Education 27,600 6,120 21,485 67,760 14,880 52,875 47,580 11,515 36,060 1,113,015 258,365 854,655 358,255 79,480 278,775
13. Education 27,600 6,120 21,485 67,760 14,880 52,875 47,580 11,515 36,060 1,113,015 258,365 854,655 358,255 79,480 278,775
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 18,020 7,620 10,395 87,485 38,700 48,785 63,605 30,650 32,955 631,255 274,065 357,190 258,480 110,905 147,580
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 2,425 1,665 760 7,235 4,900 2,335 7,690 5,340 2,350 74,785 53,390 21,395 26,160 18,830 7,330
50. Visual and performing arts 15,590 5,955 9,635 80,250 33,795 46,450 55,915 25,310 30,600 556,470 220,680 335,790 232,325 92,080 140,250
Humanities 35,490 13,000 22,490 100,310 36,665 63,645 69,055 27,655 41,405 926,560 354,120 572,440 388,160 139,895 248,265
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 5,855 1,290 4,565 12,225 2,715 9,510 13,280 3,420 9,860 106,345 23,460 82,885 40,335 8,230 32,110
23. English language and literature/letters 8,820 2,575 6,250 29,600 9,275 20,325 7,005 2,310 4,695 184,600 53,020 131,580 99,000 27,245 71,755
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 6,885 2,350 4,540 25,940 8,620 17,325 24,785 10,755 14,030 316,050 119,215 196,830 112,250 37,775 74,470
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 1,025 435 585 2,610 950 1,660 750 270 485 18,935 6,835 12,095 10,520 3,610 6,915
38. Philosophy and religious studies 2,640 1,575 1,070 8,140 4,720 3,415 4,470 2,710 1,765 57,745 33,040 24,700 26,705 14,590 12,115
39. Theology and religious vocations 1,795 1,035 765 4,915 2,875 2,040 1,895 1,240 655 77,510 46,140 31,365 28,715 17,275 11,440
54. History 6,250 3,295 2,945 13,460 6,855 6,600 5,890 3,170 2,720 108,935 58,310 50,620 54,415 28,500 25,910
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 2,215 445 1,770 3,420 650 2,775 10,980 3,785 7,195 56,440 14,090 42,345 16,220 2,670 13,555
Social and behavioural sciences and law 104,360 39,200 65,160 235,830 88,040 147,790 135,105 49,230 85,875 2,016,125 670,770 1,345,360 928,970 308,755 620,210
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 1,635 450 1,185 4,165 955 3,210 1,930 580 1,345 29,430 7,065 22,365 12,940 2,725 10,220
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 11,740 4,305 7,435 33,725 13,160 20,570 21,825 7,570 14,260 233,400 88,205 145,200 106,350 42,040 64,305
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 10,185 915 9,265 26,820 2,950 23,870 16,140 1,820 14,315 344,150 27,905 316,240 154,370 12,575 141,795
22. Legal professions and studies 15,980 6,220 9,760 41,920 17,845 24,075 24,300 9,690 14,610 325,785 115,335 210,445 144,535 50,355 94,180
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 3,410 1,285 2,125 5,720 2,055 3,670 3,725 1,115 2,610 49,855 16,000 33,850 24,040 7,835 16,205
42. Psychology 15,385 3,630 11,760 31,470 7,995 23,475 18,040 4,375 13,670 327,965 79,295 248,665 142,265 33,385 108,885
45. Social sciences 46,020 22,390 23,630 92,005 43,085 48,915 49,145 24,080 25,070 705,540 336,960 368,580 344,465 159,850 184,620
Business, management and public administration 110,230 48,455 61,775 361,525 167,130 194,400 212,570 93,910 118,660 3,758,250 1,488,175 2,270,075 1,472,490 630,535 841,955
30.16 Accounting and computer science 170 65 105 550 185 365 195 110 85 5,335 1,705 3,630 2,340 850 1,490
44. Public administration and social service professions 11,785 3,555 8,230 24,100 5,445 18,655 10,270 2,590 7,675 272,240 55,995 216,245 123,510 24,630 98,885
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 98,275 44,835 53,445 336,875 161,495 175,380 202,105 91,205 110,895 3,480,675 1,430,475 2,050,200 1,346,635 605,055 741,585
Physical and life sciences and technologies 30,225 14,850 15,375 72,985 33,565 39,420 48,295 25,025 23,270 719,715 353,540 366,175 303,310 141,260 162,050
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 14,880 5,985 8,895 34,380 13,670 20,705 19,755 8,140 11,615 297,055 121,615 175,435 133,895 52,610 81,285
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 4,840 2,185 2,650 15,710 6,790 8,920 7,970 4,260 3,710 155,955 72,245 83,705 69,195 30,195 38,995
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 405 105 305 2,105 620 1,485 4,885 2,495 2,400 35,380 14,950 20,430 6,440 1,795 4,640
40. Physical sciences 9,330 6,290 3,040 18,470 11,680 6,790 14,030 9,170 4,855 196,620 130,745 65,875 80,200 51,680 28,525
41. Science technologies/technicians 770 295 480 2,325 805 1,520 1,650 965 690 34,710 13,985 20,730 13,585 4,980 8,605
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 40,150 27,220 12,930 94,200 60,675 33,530 58,555 41,475 17,080 804,230 531,435 272,795 367,845 240,245 127,600
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 31,300 22,805 8,490 70,775 48,840 21,935 47,925 35,890 12,030 643,145 454,370 188,775 284,925 198,705 86,220
25. Library science 2,545 550 1,995 3,770 655 3,115 3,205 810 2,400 43,085 7,100 35,985 16,090 2,620 13,475
27. Mathematics and statistics 4,980 2,950 2,030 16,295 9,155 7,145 6,060 3,785 2,280 99,360 57,560 41,800 56,120 31,880 24,245
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 1,325 915 410 3,355 2,020 1,335 1,365 995 375 18,640 12,400 6,240 10,705 7,040 3,660
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 88,310 74,715 13,595 223,100 181,895 41,205 153,375 127,040 26,335 3,506,120 3,131,220 374,900 1,274,815 1,122,875 151,940
04. Architecture and related services 5,325 3,270 2,055 20,870 12,275 8,590 11,945 6,400 5,550 135,020 81,930 53,090 61,850 39,075 22,780
14. Engineering 43,170 34,265 8,905 108,445 83,425 25,020 67,700 52,785 14,915 900,475 723,080 177,395 414,085 329,125 84,960
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 19,460 17,320 2,135 38,525 32,730 5,795 24,350 20,890 3,460 726,155 638,355 87,800 278,410 247,630 30,775
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 50 10 45 30 0 25 65 25 45 580 190 390 185 35 150
46. Construction trades 8,690 8,530 160 23,760 23,195 560 19,805 18,840 970 703,905 683,060 20,845 197,795 193,595 4,205
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 8,370 8,220 145 21,430 20,795 640 18,350 17,680 675 659,480 640,895 18,590 208,980 204,525 4,450
48. Precision production 3,250 3,095 155 10,040 9,465 575 11,150 10,425 725 380,505 363,710 16,795 113,510 108,890 4,625
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 8,755 4,170 4,595 17,550 8,375 9,175 10,155 5,040 5,115 407,545 234,360 173,175 132,765 73,065 59,705
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 5,145 2,360 2,785 10,125 4,905 5,215 6,670 3,340 3,330 262,580 140,520 122,070 86,885 46,085 40,795
03. Natural resources and conservation 3,610 1,805 1,805 7,430 3,470 3,960 3,490 1,700 1,785 144,960 93,845 51,115 45,885 26,975 18,910
Health and related fields 64,635 14,645 49,990 171,920 42,815 129,100 106,500 26,315 80,185 2,444,500 485,615 1,958,885 939,610 194,715 744,900
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 20 0 20 0 0 0 40 10 30 25 0 25
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 5,930 2,820 3,110 13,175 6,990 6,185 6,050 3,110 2,945 180,785 89,005 91,780 84,485 41,350 43,135
51. Health professions and related programs178 55,880 10,480 45,395 150,945 31,730 119,210 95,775 20,920 74,855 2,194,395 360,540 1,833,855 828,240 139,360 688,880
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 125 30 95 435 155 280 170 75 100 5,255 1,425 3,825 2,335 585 1,750
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 2,700 1,315 1,385 7,340 3,940 3,405 4,505 2,215 2,290 64,030 34,630 29,400 24,520 13,410 11,110
Personal, protective and transportation services 22,090 11,910 10,185 49,840 24,160 25,680 38,585 20,835 17,750 1,006,425 520,970 485,455 351,505 178,155 173,350
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 11,455 3,685 7,765 32,100 11,215 20,885 24,500 9,050 15,445 548,520 151,115 397,410 181,985 49,755 132,230
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 895 795 100 210 185 30 20 20 0 3,965 3,520 445 2,135 1,895 240
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 435 380 50 255 220 30 160 160 0 6,900 6,210 690 2,200 2,010 195
43. Security and protective services 7,000 4,935 2,060 10,390 6,860 3,530 6,385 4,920 1,465 227,835 160,930 66,905 110,890 75,460 35,430
49. Transportation and materials moving 2,315 2,110 205 6,885 5,685 1,200 7,525 6,685 840 219,205 199,190 20,010 54,295 49,040 5,255
Other179 130 35 90 355 80 275 165 45 120 5,305 1,640 3,665 2,555 725 1,830
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data172 543,305 264,050 279,255 1,602,615 776,280 826,335 981,205 492,180 489,025 19,568,260 9,620,340 9,947,925 7,584,650 3,700,540 3,884,105
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 125,895 67,710 58,190 441,270 234,730 206,540 243,690 132,500 111,190 6,433,215 3,444,395 2,988,825 2,438,475 1,305,750 1,132,720
Education 18,440 3,890 14,550 46,545 10,355 36,190 33,780 8,105 25,675 742,175 158,185 583,990 242,725 50,715 192,005
13. Education 18,440 3,890 14,550 46,545 10,355 36,190 33,780 8,105 25,675 742,175 158,185 583,990 242,725 50,715 192,005
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 13,675 5,690 7,985 70,870 31,695 39,175 50,935 25,035 25,900 490,455 210,500 279,955 199,945 84,310 115,635
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 1,780 1,165 615 5,650 3,835 1,815 6,360 4,440 1,920 54,645 38,170 16,475 18,425 12,920 5,505
50. Visual and performing arts 11,895 4,520 7,375 65,220 27,860 37,360 44,575 20,595 23,980 435,815 172,330 263,480 181,520 71,390 110,130
Humanities 24,905 8,920 15,985 74,315 26,970 47,345 46,970 18,990 27,980 649,695 241,235 408,465 279,505 97,835 181,670
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 4,275 880 3,395 8,900 1,850 7,045 10,150 2,655 7,500 79,235 16,400 62,835 29,620 5,455 24,165
23. English language and literature/letters 6,325 1,890 4,440 22,195 6,935 15,255 5,430 1,810 3,620 134,815 37,610 97,210 71,745 19,350 52,390
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 4,755 1,590 3,165 19,740 6,600 13,130 14,680 6,710 7,965 216,725 80,505 136,220 83,455 27,595 55,860
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 710 290 415 1,840 655 1,190 530 180 345 12,910 4,540 8,370 7,195 2,395 4,805
38. Philosophy and religious studies 1,880 1,095 785 6,305 3,650 2,650 3,255 1,965 1,290 41,640 23,645 17,990 19,380 10,610 8,765
39. Theology and religious vocations 1,170 675 490 3,215 1,955 1,255 1,090 765 325 48,920 29,245 19,675 18,420 11,085 7,335
54. History 4,480 2,265 2,215 9,965 4,950 5,015 4,355 2,340 2,015 78,415 40,800 37,615 39,275 19,895 19,380
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 1,310 225 1,090 2,165 370 1,795 7,470 2,560 4,910 37,045 8,490 28,555 10,415 1,445 8,970
Social and behavioural sciences and law 81,765 29,835 51,930 189,885 69,450 120,435 106,455 38,085 68,370 1,588,720 502,835 1,085,885 729,685 232,410 497,275
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 1,330 345 980 3,445 770 2,675 1,550 480 1,065 23,895 5,520 18,370 10,515 2,085 8,430
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 9,625 3,485 6,135 28,960 11,160 17,800 18,665 6,420 12,245 196,475 72,125 124,350 88,895 34,255 54,645
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 7,665 675 6,985 20,265 2,110 18,160 12,815 1,340 11,475 270,970 20,095 250,875 119,090 8,825 110,265
22. Legal professions and studies 13,035 4,625 8,415 34,535 13,690 20,845 19,485 7,385 12,100 261,265 82,850 178,420 117,900 37,130 80,775
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 2,560 980 1,580 4,755 1,725 3,030 2,760 840 1,925 37,830 12,160 25,670 18,585 6,035 12,555
42. Psychology 11,700 2,740 8,960 24,385 6,120 18,265 13,520 3,205 10,310 249,205 55,840 193,365 107,035 23,715 83,320
45. Social sciences 35,855 16,970 18,880 73,530 33,880 39,655 37,670 18,415 19,255 549,090 254,250 294,840 267,660 120,375 147,285
Business, management and public administration 85,840 36,925 48,910 293,645 135,030 158,615 173,115 76,040 97,075 2,941,315 1,140,050 1,801,260 1,161,875 487,235 674,650
30.16 Accounting and computer science 120 45 70 435 140 290 165 90 65 3,995 1,335 2,665 1,785 655 1,130
44. Public administration and social service professions 9,370 2,820 6,550 19,060 4,280 14,770 8,055 2,070 5,980 213,140 40,230 172,910 98,675 18,325 80,355
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 76,350 34,060 42,290 274,155 130,605 143,550 164,900 73,875 91,030 2,724,175 1,098,490 1,625,685 1,061,420 468,255 593,165
Physical and life sciences and technologies 22,000 10,160 11,840 53,685 24,305 29,380 32,990 16,980 16,010 513,555 241,780 271,785 220,805 97,905 122,895
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 11,405 4,350 7,055 26,230 10,580 15,645 16,185 6,735 9,450 227,460 90,390 137,075 100,550 38,595 61,955
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 3,485 1,525 1,960 11,360 4,770 6,590 3,955 2,115 1,840 108,350 48,075 60,280 50,505 21,085 29,425
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 330 95 240 1,585 495 1,085 1,310 725 585 14,270 5,690 8,580 5,100 1,410 3,690
40. Physical sciences 6,295 4,030 2,265 12,950 7,950 5,000 10,390 6,710 3,680 140,510 88,540 51,970 55,565 33,765 21,800
41. Science technologies/technicians 480 160 320 1,565 505 1,055 1,150 700 450 22,960 9,090 13,870 9,090 3,055 6,035
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 32,695 22,470 10,225 79,160 51,430 27,735 48,495 34,620 13,875 667,305 445,970 221,330 304,045 200,360 103,685
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 26,615 19,460 7,155 61,940 42,630 19,305 40,770 30,640 10,130 554,185 392,835 161,350 244,700 170,900 73,800
25. Library science 1,500 330 1,165 2,225 460 1,765 2,310 595 1,715 27,610 4,720 22,885 9,860 1,740 8,120
27. Mathematics and statistics 3,480 1,945 1,530 12,265 6,690 5,575 4,525 2,760 1,765 70,940 39,000 31,940 40,875 22,115 18,760
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 1,095 730 370 2,730 1,645 1,085 890 625 265 14,565 9,415 5,155 8,610 5,605 3,005
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 66,285 55,055 11,225 168,335 134,005 34,325 123,175 100,630 22,545 2,611,205 2,292,785 318,420 932,505 805,990 126,515
04. Architecture and related services 3,950 2,315 1,640 16,260 9,110 7,155 10,010 5,255 4,750 105,845 61,230 44,605 48,030 29,245 18,785
14. Engineering 33,720 26,175 7,545 86,455 64,980 21,475 57,935 44,795 13,135 724,235 568,385 155,850 326,190 252,675 73,515
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 14,425 12,780 1,645 28,170 23,820 4,350 18,540 15,920 2,620 536,600 464,510 72,090 202,375 178,135 24,240
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 50 10 40 30 0 30 65 25 45 510 160 350 165 35 130
46. Construction trades 6,200 6,070 135 16,935 16,435 495 15,040 14,235 805 510,105 493,000 17,100 137,150 133,905 3,240
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 5,845 5,735 110 14,425 13,970 455 13,695 13,120 575 467,225 452,385 14,840 143,480 140,190 3,290
48. Precision production 2,085 1,970 110 6,060 5,685 375 7,890 7,285 605 266,690 253,110 13,585 75,115 71,805 3,310
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 6,675 2,975 3,700 13,890 6,370 7,520 8,675 4,150 4,525 314,120 170,440 143,680 100,525 52,065 48,460
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 3,705 1,555 2,145 7,600 3,515 4,090 5,650 2,705 2,950 199,335 99,700 99,635 64,365 31,780 32,585
03. Natural resources and conservation 2,970 1,415 1,555 6,285 2,860 3,430 3,020 1,445 1,575 114,780 70,745 44,040 36,155 20,290 15,875
Health and related fields 48,185 11,265 36,910 132,700 33,030 99,670 82,510 20,560 61,950 1,839,975 371,180 1,468,795 703,890 148,295 555,600
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 20 0 20 0 0 0 30 0 30 30 0 30
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 4,605 2,175 2,430 10,095 5,380 4,720 4,900 2,500 2,395 139,280 67,885 71,385 64,360 31,305 33,055
51. Health professions and related programs178 41,505 8,220 33,285 116,830 24,900 91,920 73,950 16,430 57,525 1,648,120 279,090 1,369,030 619,520 107,760 511,760
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 105 15 85 375 115 260 145 50 95 4,430 945 3,485 1,960 375 1,580
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 1,970 860 1,110 5,385 2,640 2,745 3,510 1,570 1,940 48,115 23,255 24,860 18,030 8,855 9,175
Personal, protective and transportation services 16,855 9,115 7,745 38,050 18,845 19,210 30,275 16,455 13,825 772,450 399,835 372,615 268,815 137,235 131,575
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 8,590 2,775 5,815 24,395 8,670 15,725 19,020 6,985 12,035 414,520 112,935 301,590 136,310 37,500 98,810
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 720 630 90 150 130 20 20 20 0 2,955 2,575 375 1,600 1,400 200
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 250 220 25 125 110 15 95 95 0 3,850 3,415 435 1,180 1,070 110
43. Security and protective services 5,575 3,925 1,645 8,240 5,480 2,760 5,050 3,915 1,135 183,025 128,295 54,725 89,470 60,610 28,855
49. Transportation and materials moving 1,720 1,555 160 5,140 4,455 690 6,095 5,435 655 168,105 152,620 15,485 40,255 36,655 3,600
Other179 95 35 60 260 70 190 135 30 105 4,075 1,150 2,930 1,860 435 1,420
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data180 543,305 264,050 279,255 1,602,615 776,280 826,335 981,205 492,180 489,025 19,568,260 9,620,340 9,947,925 7,584,650 3,700,540 3,884,105
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 125,895 67,710 58,190 441,270 234,730 206,540 243,690 132,500 111,190 6,433,215 3,444,395 2,988,825 2,438,475 1,305,750 1,132,720
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree181 417,410 196,340 221,070 1,161,345 541,555 619,795 737,515 359,685 377,835 13,135,040 6,175,940 6,959,100 5,146,175 2,394,790 2,751,385
Location of study inside Canada 338,690 159,815 178,880 776,130 362,085 414,040 529,195 254,400 274,795 10,490,520 4,926,390 5,564,130 3,921,795 1,818,550 2,103,240
Same as province or territory of residence 279,830 131,870 147,965 707,130 328,080 379,050 503,230 241,010 262,225 9,251,025 4,324,195 4,926,830 3,634,290 1,680,865 1,953,420
Different than province or territory of residence 58,860 27,950 30,915 69,005 34,010 34,995 25,965 13,390 12,570 1,239,495 602,195 637,300 287,505 137,685 149,820
Location of study outside Canada182 78,720 36,530 42,190 385,220 179,465 205,750 208,320 105,280 103,040 2,644,520 1,249,550 1,394,970 1,224,380 576,235 648,140
Americas 15,750 7,895 7,855 72,910 36,500 36,415 36,730 18,600 18,130 483,810 238,040 245,775 229,280 113,350 115,930
United States of America 9,810 5,285 4,520 39,810 21,035 18,770 10,760 6,075 4,690 279,005 143,575 135,435 140,770 72,740 68,035
Mexico 735 275 460 5,370 2,555 2,820 4,800 2,245 2,555 36,400 16,175 20,230 11,625 5,075 6,545
Cuba 365 175 190 1,325 685 640 1,340 685 660 8,345 4,275 4,070 3,715 1,875 1,840
Haiti 780 365 410 145 70 75 5,065 2,775 2,295 10,620 5,645 4,970 1,250 620 630
Jamaica 250 125 130 2,585 1,290 1,290 110 70 45 12,780 6,110 6,670 9,200 4,480 4,720
Brazil 1,450 680 770 8,995 4,170 4,825 3,765 1,800 1,960 40,050 18,445 21,605 17,755 8,105 9,645
Colombia 720 290 435 3,340 1,475 1,865 3,560 1,695 1,870 31,165 13,875 17,295 12,705 5,495 7,205
Peru 175 70 95 970 385 590 1,375 580 795 7,780 3,025 4,750 2,750 1,050 1,700
Venezuela95 285 100 180 2,055 875 1,180 1,680 680 995 12,655 5,330 7,320 5,530 2,340 3,190
Other locations of study in Americas 1,180 515 665 8,310 3,960 4,355 4,265 1,995 2,270 45,000 21,575 23,425 23,985 11,560 12,425
Europe 18,820 9,640 9,180 74,860 37,145 37,705 68,060 36,130 31,930 543,725 281,205 262,520 224,050 113,485 110,560
Belgium 285 160 130 530 255 275 1,775 910 865 7,795 4,260 3,535 1,650 885 765
France 2,245 1,230 1,020 5,560 2,925 2,635 41,640 22,775 18,860 97,770 53,930 43,840 11,580 6,190 5,390
Germany 670 365 305 2,035 1,125 915 1,035 560 475 22,450 12,070 10,380 7,115 3,880 3,240
Netherlands 375 195 180 990 540 445 465 260 205 10,825 6,065 4,765 4,345 2,410 1,935
Switzerland 255 120 135 810 415 400 965 570 400 8,470 4,420 4,050 2,525 1,265 1,255
Hungary 160 65 100 1,035 515 520 195 105 95 5,160 2,465 2,700 2,960 1,425 1,535
Moldova183 190 75 115 525 230 295 1,825 870 955 9,055 4,165 4,890 2,080 880 1,205
Poland 755 295 465 3,140 1,400 1,740 815 285 530 25,215 11,115 14,100 16,450 7,365 9,090
Romania 885 430 455 4,040 1,965 2,080 3,250 1,665 1,585 32,250 16,190 16,060 14,985 7,380 7,605
Russian Federation 1,385 665 720 6,665 2,950 3,720 2,410 1,105 1,305 36,095 16,250 19,845 19,185 8,720 10,460
Ukraine 995 475 520 6,705 3,040 3,670 2,045 895 1,150 36,405 16,635 19,775 18,225 8,245 9,985
Ireland96 560 265 290 3,470 2,030 1,435 285 190 95 16,040 9,175 6,865 6,925 3,920 3,000
United Kingdom87 6,985 3,750 3,240 22,330 11,445 10,885 4,680 2,520 2,160 151,900 81,980 69,920 72,655 39,105 33,550
Bosnia and Herzegovina 330 125 205 950 420 525 130 75 55 6,030 2,915 3,115 3,415 1,600 1,820
Italy 280 185 95 1,695 885 810 1,325 760 565 8,895 5,055 3,840 3,895 2,230 1,660
Serbia86 320 155 160 2,530 1,215 1,310 115 40 75 8,745 4,470 4,280 5,750 2,910 2,840
Other locations of study in Europe 2,145 1,085 1,055 11,840 5,800 6,035 5,105 2,535 2,570 60,615 30,055 30,560 30,300 15,075 15,225
Africa 9,755 4,515 5,245 16,935 8,615 8,315 48,445 25,700 22,745 216,815 111,010 105,805 65,145 31,940 33,205
Nigeria 1,440 625 815 4,375 2,115 2,265 1,230 655 575 33,280 16,395 16,880 15,165 7,355 7,810
Algeria 715 275 440 355 180 175 19,210 9,980 9,230 33,230 17,020 16,210 1,550 685 860
Morocco 790 370 425 620 285 340 9,515 4,945 4,575 23,640 12,125 11,510 2,180 960 1,215
Tunisia 330 150 170 165 85 80 4,555 2,570 1,990 12,655 7,100 5,555 805 375 430
Egypt 1,870 880 990 2,370 1,275 1,100 3,025 1,615 1,410 30,255 15,145 15,115 17,195 8,445 8,755
South Africa, Republic of 505 265 245 1,630 855 775 250 110 145 19,060 9,900 9,160 6,770 3,545 3,225
Other locations of study in Africa 4,105 1,950 2,155 7,420 3,830 3,590 10,660 5,840 4,825 64,700 33,325 31,385 21,480 10,570 10,905
Asia 32,895 13,760 19,135 214,675 94,285 120,390 53,780 24,120 29,655 1,352,215 594,805 757,410 686,295 308,075 378,220
Iran88 1,625 710 915 12,745 5,630 7,120 5,230 2,440 2,790 66,630 30,180 36,450 35,535 16,145 19,390
Iraq 875 475 400 1,590 805 785 330 180 150 16,515 8,250 8,265 12,270 6,020 6,250
Israel 405 200 210 1,820 940 880 520 285 235 11,355 5,725 5,630 6,675 3,365 3,310
Lebanon 1,850 830 1,030 1,600 765 830 4,185 2,105 2,075 19,565 9,355 10,210 7,235 3,350 3,885
Syria89 1,110 510 595 1,330 600 730 3,120 1,480 1,640 16,405 7,885 8,520 7,515 3,610 3,905
Turkey 715 380 335 3,375 1,875 1,495 695 400 295 11,855 6,595 5,260 7,585 4,105 3,475
China90 5,820 2,455 3,360 28,050 12,205 15,840 9,950 4,420 5,540 201,100 87,370 113,720 92,585 41,055 51,530
Taiwan 215 65 150 1,445 415 1,035 365 150 220 14,520 4,750 9,770 3,535 1,125 2,410
Hong Kong91 185 50 135 2,390 915 1,475 230 110 120 18,325 7,445 10,875 8,875 3,660 5,210
Japan 495 160 335 3,195 1,005 2,190 800 300 500 18,605 5,280 13,325 6,310 2,145 4,160
Korea, South92 870 275 595 8,180 3,015 5,165 1,265 435 825 53,575 20,575 33,000 21,145 8,075 13,070
Philippines 4,625 1,505 3,115 54,175 18,860 35,315 8,890 2,860 6,030 305,795 115,370 190,420 109,885 38,390 71,495
Viet Nam 445 170 270 1,950 670 1,280 1,125 415 710 12,500 4,490 8,005 5,120 1,845 3,280
Bangladesh 935 385 560 10,280 4,740 5,540 2,020 1,065 955 25,000 11,360 13,645 16,250 7,315 8,945
Sri Lanka 365 155 210 4,275 1,905 2,375 645 240 410 15,085 7,090 7,995 11,075 5,125 5,950
India 7,625 3,530 4,095 57,290 29,835 27,460 9,500 4,925 4,575 405,850 199,380 206,475 245,655 121,625 124,035
Pakistan 1,530 640 890 10,330 5,065 5,260 1,165 575 590 75,155 35,055 40,100 53,750 24,970 28,780
Other locations of study in Asia 3,205 1,255 1,940 10,655 5,045 5,615 3,745 1,750 1,995 64,385 28,650 35,735 35,295 16,145 19,150
Oceania 1,495 720 775 5,840 2,920 2,920 1,305 730 575 47,960 24,495 23,460 19,605 9,380 10,220
Australia 1,245 610 640 5,000 2,490 2,510 1,095 610 490 38,525 19,270 19,250 16,965 8,040 8,925
New Zealand 250 110 135 795 410 385 165 100 70 7,785 4,300 3,485 2,445 1,240 1,200
Other locations of study in Oceania 0 0 0 45 20 25 50 25 20 1,655 930 730 200 100 95
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data184 834,135 404,315 429,825 2,377,950 1,139,355 1,238,590 1,453,295 713,745 739,550 30,335,915 14,861,245 15,474,670 11,782,820 5,733,360 6,049,460
In the labour force 549,990 281,605 268,375 1,518,420 776,175 742,245 959,135 498,125 461,010 19,310,345 10,056,270 9,254,070 7,399,200 3,847,325 3,551,880
Employed 493,140 254,615 238,530 1,308,110 675,505 632,610 859,920 445,255 414,665 17,321,695 9,056,680 8,265,025 6,492,895 3,416,955 3,075,940
Unemployed 56,845 26,995 29,850 210,305 100,670 109,635 99,210 52,870 46,345 1,988,645 999,600 989,045 906,310 430,365 475,940
Not in the labour force 284,150 122,705 161,440 859,530 363,180 496,350 494,165 215,620 278,540 11,025,575 4,804,970 6,220,605 4,383,620 1,886,035 2,497,580
Participation rate 65.9 69.6 62.4 63.9 68.1 59.9 66.0 69.8 62.3 63.7 67.7 59.8 62.8 67.1 58.7
Employment rate 59.1 63.0 55.5 55.0 59.3 51.1 59.2 62.4 56.1 57.1 60.9 53.4 55.1 59.6 50.8
Unemployment rate 10.3 9.6 11.1 13.9 13.0 14.8 10.3 10.6 10.1 10.3 9.9 10.7 12.2 11.2 13.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data185 834,135 404,315 429,825 2,377,945 1,139,350 1,238,595 1,453,300 713,750 739,550 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,675 11,782,820 5,733,360 6,049,460
Did not work186 285,610 123,940 161,675 905,995 390,250 515,745 508,670 222,700 285,970 11,140,775 4,889,605 6,251,170 4,469,170 1,946,590 2,522,580
Worked 548,525 280,380 268,150 1,471,950 749,100 722,850 944,630 491,050 453,580 19,195,145 9,971,640 9,223,500 7,313,650 3,786,770 3,526,880
Worked full year full time187 321,175 174,010 147,165 791,335 426,490 364,845 464,805 252,405 212,400 10,215,385 5,685,910 4,529,475 3,982,300 2,219,290 1,763,015
Worked part year and/or part time188 227,350 106,370 120,985 680,620 322,610 358,010 479,820 238,645 241,180 8,979,760 4,285,730 4,694,025 3,331,350 1,567,480 1,763,870
Average weeks worked in reference year 42.2 42.9 41.4 40.2 41.0 39.4 39.7 40.1 39.2 41.0 41.7 40.3 41.1 41.9 40.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data189 549,985 281,610 268,380 1,518,420 776,170 742,245 959,130 498,125 461,010 19,310,340 10,056,275 9,254,070 7,399,205 3,847,325 3,551,880
Class of worker - not applicable190 14,025 6,770 7,255 54,835 25,700 29,135 28,560 13,975 14,585 486,865 237,950 248,915 212,505 102,580 109,925
All classes of workers191 535,960 274,840 261,120 1,463,580 750,475 713,110 930,570 484,150 446,425 18,823,480 9,818,325 9,005,160 7,186,695 3,744,745 3,441,950
Employee 470,435 235,425 235,015 1,223,655 603,235 620,425 811,850 411,090 400,750 16,103,455 8,139,075 7,964,375 6,109,070 3,071,915 3,037,155
Permanent position 386,980 196,595 190,390 1,020,130 508,550 511,585 661,995 340,865 321,135 13,431,685 6,866,375 6,565,310 5,166,275 2,627,415 2,538,865
Temporary position 83,450 38,825 44,620 203,525 94,685 108,835 149,850 70,230 79,620 2,671,765 1,272,700 1,399,065 942,795 444,505 498,290
Fixed term (1 year or more) 30,765 14,135 16,635 82,620 37,450 45,170 63,645 28,710 34,935 867,740 386,965 480,775 324,250 147,125 177,125
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year) 52,685 24,695 27,990 120,905 57,235 63,670 86,205 41,520 44,685 1,804,030 885,740 918,285 618,540 297,380 321,160
Self-employed192 65,530 39,420 26,110 239,925 147,240 92,690 118,725 73,050 45,670 2,720,025 1,679,250 1,040,780 1,077,625 672,825 404,800
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data193 549,985 281,610 268,380 1,518,420 776,170 742,245 959,130 498,125 461,010 19,310,340 10,056,275 9,254,070 7,399,205 3,847,325 3,551,880
Occupation - not applicable190 14,025 6,770 7,255 54,835 25,700 29,135 28,560 13,975 14,585 486,865 237,950 248,915 212,505 102,580 109,925
All occupations191 535,960 274,840 261,120 1,463,580 750,475 713,110 930,570 484,150 446,425 18,823,480 9,818,325 9,005,160 7,186,695 3,744,745 3,441,950
0 Legislative and senior management occupations 8,485 5,575 2,910 24,775 16,880 7,895 14,540 10,000 4,545 254,760 177,450 77,315 95,240 66,160 29,080
1 Business, finance and administration occupations 109,065 38,740 70,325 315,270 123,350 191,920 180,355 69,570 110,785 3,303,180 1,062,425 2,240,755 1,328,155 449,705 878,445
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 81,345 60,350 20,990 159,770 114,560 45,210 101,555 76,005 25,555 1,587,980 1,199,390 388,595 685,390 513,025 172,365
3 Health occupations 39,930 9,405 30,525 105,465 25,500 79,965 75,605 18,730 56,870 1,504,100 298,960 1,205,135 543,565 110,185 433,380
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services 95,710 36,600 59,115 181,940 62,415 119,525 124,755 41,025 83,730 2,322,345 752,280 1,570,075 871,260 289,220 582,035
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 20,320 8,780 11,535 83,130 40,595 42,535 56,870 29,555 27,310 596,785 275,420 321,360 232,200 105,695 126,505
6 Sales and service occupations 114,705 57,375 57,330 350,245 166,460 183,780 234,485 120,480 114,005 4,616,050 2,072,110 2,543,945 1,735,930 782,170 953,760
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 54,825 49,335 5,480 175,505 157,380 18,120 98,535 89,140 9,395 3,239,500 2,950,915 288,585 1,175,410 1,063,670 111,740
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations 5,320 4,160 1,160 8,350 6,800 1,550 5,025 3,855 1,170 541,235 416,960 124,270 148,055 111,985 36,075
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities 6,280 4,530 1,750 59,140 36,535 22,610 38,850 25,795 13,060 857,540 612,415 245,120 371,490 252,930 118,560
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data194 549,985 281,610 268,380 1,518,420 776,170 742,245 959,130 498,125 461,010 19,310,340 10,056,275 9,254,070 7,399,205 3,847,325 3,551,880
Industry - not applicable190 14,025 6,770 7,255 54,835 25,700 29,135 28,560 13,975 14,585 486,865 237,950 248,915 212,505 102,580 109,925
All industries191 535,960 274,840 261,120 1,463,580 750,475 713,110 930,570 484,150 446,425 18,823,480 9,818,325 9,005,160 7,186,695 3,744,745 3,441,950
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 2,455 1,500 955 2,565 1,480 1,085 2,920 1,730 1,185 434,800 295,160 139,640 104,895 66,330 38,565
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 550 450 100 1,985 1,335 660 1,195 805 390 239,030 195,605 43,425 34,360 29,285 5,080
22 Utilities 1,605 1,110 495 6,115 4,075 2,040 5,150 3,245 1,905 147,750 109,475 38,270 55,230 41,785 13,445
23 Construction 28,080 23,870 4,210 83,035 72,070 10,965 33,445 28,300 5,150 1,469,085 1,269,060 200,025 538,340 466,825 71,515
31-33 Manufacturing 16,225 11,435 4,795 97,580 63,450 34,135 76,115 51,395 24,725 1,540,490 1,095,160 445,330 655,935 457,795 198,135
41 Wholesale trade 10,925 7,960 2,965 45,380 27,730 17,650 33,845 20,380 13,470 610,295 406,960 203,335 244,910 157,760 87,155
44-45 Retail trade 53,365 27,595 25,760 141,575 68,155 73,420 98,705 49,745 48,960 2,149,640 1,027,160 1,122,480 798,090 383,965 414,135
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 18,585 14,500 4,085 67,330 51,520 15,810 49,075 38,320 10,755 981,030 742,515 238,515 379,485 282,295 97,190
51 Information and cultural industries 12,790 7,900 4,885 60,845 34,705 26,140 40,020 24,295 15,730 400,460 237,940 162,520 169,120 98,930 70,190
52 Finance and insurance 18,410 9,085 9,325 123,495 63,060 60,435 47,065 23,830 23,235 815,225 358,145 457,080 399,030 185,100 213,935
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 8,765 4,780 3,980 41,040 22,165 18,880 16,780 9,730 7,045 343,940 186,230 157,710 152,050 80,630 71,420
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 61,835 38,045 23,790 205,880 114,915 90,965 113,755 65,950 47,800 1,571,160 877,780 693,380 681,235 384,400 296,835
55 Management of companies and enterprises 840 430 405 9,175 4,465 4,715 1,720 850 875 45,455 21,495 23,955 26,240 12,465 13,780
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 22,300 13,835 8,465 75,095 40,480 34,610 45,325 27,460 17,860 792,600 457,880 334,725 324,285 183,445 140,835
61 Educational services 42,010 13,800 28,210 107,480 37,805 69,670 84,380 31,030 53,350 1,413,320 436,645 976,670 531,260 165,080 366,175
62 Health care and social assistance 62,860 14,360 48,500 163,465 37,860 125,610 128,175 32,195 95,980 2,446,370 470,340 1,976,030 859,910 163,580 696,335
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 9,670 4,875 4,800 33,405 17,430 15,975 20,970 10,860 10,105 350,710 180,205 170,500 130,490 67,705 62,785
72 Accommodation and food services 27,965 13,895 14,075 82,155 40,030 42,130 53,745 29,185 24,555 1,085,270 478,000 607,270 390,675 171,925 218,745
81 Other services (except public administration) 20,510 8,790 11,725 61,015 23,190 37,825 39,595 16,105 23,490 797,935 373,775 424,165 283,115 131,210 151,905
91 Public administration 116,235 56,630 59,600 54,970 24,565 30,400 38,595 18,740 19,850 1,188,915 598,780 590,135 428,030 214,245 213,785
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data195 583,615 297,605 286,010 1,602,165 814,875 787,295 1,016,810 527,690 489,125 20,630,520 10,690,035 9,940,490 7,885,710 4,072,735 3,812,975
English 437,365 233,310 204,055 1,449,315 741,665 707,650 161,015 89,010 72,005 14,942,170 7,807,315 7,134,855 7,181,805 3,743,490 3,438,320
French 13,590 4,735 8,855 3,430 1,010 2,420 399,340 197,680 201,660 3,164,890 1,592,470 1,572,420 52,565 18,880 33,680
Non-official language 2,245 1,095 1,145 26,500 13,755 12,735 7,340 3,600 3,735 169,205 89,515 79,685 74,365 39,275 35,090
Indigenous39 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 6,935 3,590 3,345 305 160 150
Non-Indigenous 2,245 1,095 1,145 26,495 13,755 12,735 7,330 3,600 3,725 162,265 85,925 76,345 74,060 39,120 34,940
English and French 115,695 51,425 64,275 29,995 12,340 17,655 405,305 214,915 190,385 1,682,510 859,635 822,870 285,005 121,875 163,125
English and non-official language(s) 11,465 5,565 5,900 87,670 43,410 44,255 10,790 6,090 4,695 570,220 291,000 279,220 275,330 141,295 134,035
French and non-official language(s) 165 75 85 70 30 40 7,145 3,405 3,745 20,935 9,955 10,980 355 150 210
English, French and non-official language(s) 3,015 1,360 1,660 3,010 1,500 1,515 25,465 12,730 12,735 69,340 34,190 35,145 10,820 4,890 5,925
Multiple non-official languages 75 40 35 2,175 1,160 1,020 420 260 160 11,265 5,960 5,305 5,475 2,885 2,585
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data196 583,615 297,605 286,010 1,602,165 814,875 787,295 1,016,810 527,690 489,125 20,630,520 10,690,035 9,940,490 7,885,710 4,072,735 3,812,975
Single responses 562,790 288,185 274,600 1,580,025 804,355 775,670 908,980 471,095 437,880 20,176,640 10,458,830 9,717,810 7,783,760 4,024,730 3,759,025
Official languages 558,345 286,135 272,210 1,533,090 780,510 752,575 895,835 464,520 431,315 19,866,180 10,297,010 9,569,175 7,649,065 3,955,095 3,693,975
English 532,150 276,455 255,690 1,525,910 778,320 747,595 286,010 155,790 130,215 15,879,850 8,272,750 7,607,105 7,555,160 3,920,680 3,634,480
French 26,195 9,675 16,520 7,180 2,195 4,980 609,825 308,725 301,095 3,986,330 2,024,260 1,962,070 93,910 34,410 59,495
Non-official languages 4,445 2,055 2,395 46,940 23,845 23,095 13,145 6,580 6,565 310,455 161,825 148,635 134,690 69,640 65,050
Indigenous languages39 20 15 10 15 0 15 20 0 20 19,435 9,725 9,710 1,240 610 630
Algonquian languages 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0 11,600 6,020 5,575 1,185 590 595
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 35 25 0 0 0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,115 4,715 4,400 155 75 80
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,015 585 430 0 0 0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,985 3,170 2,815 155 75 80
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 110 65 40 0 0 0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 765 385 385 0 0 0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 45 40 0 0 0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 190 110 85 0 0 0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 140 80 65 0 0 0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,695 2,500 2,205 145 75 70
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,955 875 1,075 0 0 0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 155 80 80 0 0 0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 835 435 400 0 0 0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 825 430 395 0 0 0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 15 0 10 0 0 0 1,585 830 755 1,030 515 510
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 20 0 0 0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 875 490 385 465 250 215
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 15 0 10 0 0 0 695 340 355 560 265 300
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 20 20 25 10 15
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 25 10 0 0 0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 610 295 320 535 250 285
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 895 410 480 0 0 0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 890 410 475 0 0 0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 15 0 0 0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 535 255 280 0 0 0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 155 70 90 0 0 0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 15 0 0 0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 15 0 0 0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 45 55 0 0 0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 130 75 55 0 0 0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 10 25 0 0 0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 20 15 10 0 0 0 15 0 15 6,630 3,200 3,425 30 15 15
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 20 0 0 0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Inuktitut 20 15 10 0 0 0 15 0 15 6,605 3,200 3,405 30 15 15
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 25 20 0 25
Mohawk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 25 20 0 25
Oneida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Michif 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 10 0 0 0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 125 50 80 0 0 0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 20 0 0 0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 25 0 0 0
Squamish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0
Straits 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 15 0 0 0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 10 0 0 0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 10 20 0 0 0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dakota 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Stoney 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10 0 0 0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 15 30 0 0 0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 0 0 0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10 0 0 0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 0 35 0 0 0
Haisla 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Non-Indigenous languages 4,425 2,040 2,385 46,925 23,845 23,085 13,120 6,580 6,545 291,025 152,095 138,925 133,450 69,030 64,420
Afro-Asiatic languages 795 410 385 1,075 620 455 1,295 720 575 9,265 5,300 3,955 4,830 2,800 2,035
Berber languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 15 0 45 35 10 0 0 0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 15 0 30 20 10 0 0 0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Coptic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cushitic languages 55 25 30 120 55 70 0 0 0 415 185 235 210 90 120
Bilen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0
Oromo 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0 40 20 15 10 10 0
Somali 55 25 30 110 40 70 0 0 0 365 155 210 190 80 110
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Semitic languages 745 390 355 950 565 385 1,275 710 570 8,785 5,080 3,705 4,615 2,700 1,915
Amharic 10 0 10 40 25 20 0 0 0 215 95 120 60 25 35
Arabic 730 380 350 570 330 235 1,190 670 520 7,190 4,250 2,940 3,735 2,195 1,540
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 155 115 40 0 0 0 460 325 130 410 305 110
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 120 95 30 0 0 0 330 240 90 320 235 85
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 35 25 0 0 0 0 90 70 25 85 65 25
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 20 20 0 0 0
Hebrew 10 10 0 145 70 75 70 30 40 585 240 340 315 130 185
Tigrigna 0 0 0 30 25 10 0 0 0 325 165 160 90 45 40
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 10 15 0 10
Austro-Asiatic languages 180 85 95 1,305 590 705 1,220 535 685 9,770 4,135 5,635 3,365 1,510 1,855
Khmer (Cambodian) 15 0 10 20 10 10 175 70 100 495 215 285 140 60 80
Vietnamese 175 80 90 1,285 585 695 1,045 460 585 9,260 3,905 5,350 3,225 1,450 1,775
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 15 0 0 0 0
Austronesian languages 60 30 30 880 405 470 120 60 55 4,760 2,180 2,580 1,530 655 875
Bikol 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 15 25 0 0 0
Cebuano 0 0 0 20 0 20 0 0 0 95 45 50 55 20 35
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10 0 0 0
Ilocano 0 0 0 35 15 15 10 10 0 165 90 70 40 20 20
Indonesian 20 10 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 170 90 80 65 40 25
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Malay 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 10 0 10
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 35 20 15 790 370 420 90 50 45 4,205 1,895 2,310 1,330 555 780
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 10 10 0 15 0 10 50 30 20 25 20 0
Creole languages 25 10 15 10 10 0 210 95 110 390 185 210 50 25 25
Haitian Creole 25 10 15 0 0 0 210 95 110 375 170 205 35 15 20
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0
Dravidian languages 25 10 15 1,310 625 685 80 25 55 3,010 1,410 1,605 2,660 1,255 1,410
Kannada 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Malayalam 15 0 10 35 20 20 10 0 10 250 140 110 160 95 65
Tamil 10 0 10 1,260 600 660 75 25 45 2,685 1,255 1,425 2,440 1,150 1,295
Telugu 0 0 0 15 0 10 0 0 0 70 15 55 55 10 45
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Georgian 0 0 0 35 25 0 0 0 0 80 45 35 70 35 35
Indo-European languages 1,365 595 770 14,165 7,610 6,555 6,260 3,210 3,055 112,395 64,055 48,335 50,205 27,580 22,620
Albanian 0 0 0 105 55 50 10 0 0 315 170 140 270 155 115
Armenian 0 0 0 145 60 85 80 60 25 530 295 235 195 90 105
Balto-Slavic languages 255 75 185 2,190 1,010 1,185 550 180 370 10,085 4,390 5,695 6,865 3,075 3,790
Baltic languages 0 0 0 50 10 45 0 0 0 95 15 75 65 15 60
Latvian 0 0 0 30 10 20 0 0 0 50 10 35 30 10 20
Lithuanian 0 0 0 20 0 20 0 0 0 45 10 40 40 0 40
Slavic languages 255 75 185 2,145 1,000 1,145 550 180 370 9,995 4,375 5,620 6,790 3,065 3,730
Bulgarian 10 10 0 30 15 10 15 0 15 145 55 90 60 25 30
Czech 10 0 10 15 0 10 0 0 0 105 50 55 40 10 25
Macedonian 0 0 0 35 25 10 0 0 0 75 60 15 75 60 15
Polish 25 0 20 385 175 215 90 30 65 2,265 1,000 1,265 1,765 815 950
Russian 180 50 130 1,100 500 605 385 130 250 5,240 2,085 3,155 3,295 1,335 1,965
Serbo-Croatian 15 0 10 120 55 70 10 0 0 835 485 355 605 360 250
Bosnian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 80 40 85 65 15
Croatian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 155 95 65 135 80 55
Serbian 10 0 0 120 50 70 0 0 0 555 310 245 395 220 180
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slovak 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 10 25 20 0 15
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0
Ukrainian 20 10 10 440 215 230 35 10 25 1,265 620 650 910 435 475
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 0 15 10 0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 30 30 0 0 0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 25 30 0 0 0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Germanic languages 130 45 90 245 100 150 825 405 425 14,250 8,060 6,190 7,320 3,975 3,345
Frisian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 10 0 0 0
High German languages 90 25 65 195 90 110 790 385 405 10,480 5,695 4,790 5,945 3,185 2,760
German 90 25 65 150 55 95 95 65 35 6,615 3,655 2,970 3,210 1,685 1,525
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,560 1,405 1,150 2,555 1,400 1,150
Swiss German 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 255 115 135 135 65 75
Yiddish 0 0 0 50 35 15 695 325 375 1,050 520 530 50 35 15
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 20 0 15 35 0 35 10 0 10 3,540 2,245 1,290 1,275 735 540
Afrikaans 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 20 40 25 10 15
Dutch 20 0 10 35 0 30 10 0 10 965 515 440 680 360 320
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 560 420 140 55 40 10
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,940 1,275 670 515 320 195
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0
Scandinavian languages 15 10 0 15 10 10 25 15 15 190 100 85 90 45 40
Danish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 15 15 0 15
Icelandic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 20 0 0 0 0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 55 30 25 15 10 0
Swedish 10 10 0 10 10 0 15 0 0 90 45 45 50 30 20
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10 0 0 0
Greek 10 0 10 230 130 105 175 55 120 875 445 430 355 200 155
Indo-Iranian languages 355 190 165 3,580 1,930 1,650 1,695 935 755 55,455 32,965 22,490 19,460 11,125 8,335
Indo-Aryan languages 210 105 100 1,935 1,035 905 1,405 760 650 48,020 28,910 19,100 15,015 8,755 6,260
Bengali 20 15 0 325 155 165 85 25 55 645 290 355 440 205 235
Gujarati 15 10 0 305 160 145 20 0 20 1,115 515 600 850 410 445
Hindi 50 30 15 200 95 105 120 55 60 2,235 1,145 1,090 1,145 545 600
Kacchi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0
Marathi 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0 20 0 15 15 0 15
Nepali 0 0 0 40 20 25 0 0 0 275 125 145 150 70 75
Punjabi (Panjabi) 70 30 40 585 380 210 1,080 615 465 40,840 25,480 15,365 10,235 6,485 3,755
Sindhi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 20 10 0 10
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 80 25 75 60 10
Urdu 45 15 30 455 220 235 100 55 45 2,725 1,265 1,465 2,080 975 1,105
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 15 15 0 10
Iranian languages 145 80 65 1,640 895 745 285 175 110 7,430 4,045 3,385 4,435 2,360 2,075
Kurdish 15 10 0 40 35 0 0 0 0 175 145 35 125 100 25
Pashto 0 0 0 50 30 20 25 20 0 130 70 60 85 50 35
Persian languages 125 65 60 1,540 830 710 255 150 105 7,110 3,825 3,285 4,210 2,200 2,005
Dari 30 0 25 115 80 35 20 10 10 800 445 360 415 220 200
Iranian Persian 85 50 35 1,305 665 635 225 130 95 5,715 2,980 2,735 3,415 1,735 1,675
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 10 10 0 120 75 45 10 10 0 595 400 195 380 250 125
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 10 10 0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 10 10 0
Italic (Romance) languages 600 290 310 7,675 4,335 3,340 2,925 1,575 1,355 30,795 17,685 13,105 15,735 8,955 6,780
Catalan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 0 0 0 0
Italian 40 35 10 425 175 245 310 160 150 1,625 730 900 1,005 420 585
Portuguese 135 50 85 3,740 2,330 1,410 245 90 155 6,970 4,070 2,895 5,645 3,510 2,140
Romanian 10 0 0 55 25 30 80 50 30 680 375 310 300 155 140
Spanish 420 210 210 3,460 1,800 1,655 2,290 1,265 1,025 21,455 12,465 8,990 8,765 4,860 3,910
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 35 10 15 10 0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 20 0 0 0
Japanese 40 10 30 695 260 435 125 25 105 3,560 1,225 2,340 1,075 400 675
Korean 165 60 105 2,715 1,325 1,395 240 100 145 14,345 7,125 7,225 5,460 2,620 2,835
Mongolian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10 0 0 0
Niger-Congo languages 20 20 0 70 25 40 45 25 15 410 210 200 170 75 90
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 20 10 10 0 0 0 30 10 20 30 10 20
Edo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10 0 0 0
Ga 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ganda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Igbo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 15 10 15 10 0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 0 0 0
Lingala 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 0 20 15 0 0 0 0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10 0 0 0
Shona 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Swahili 10 10 0 30 15 10 10 10 0 150 95 55 60 35 30
Wolof 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Yoruba 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 65 20 45 30 15 20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 10 20 10 0 10
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 10 0 0
Dinka 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 10 0 0
Sign languages 40 25 15 120 50 70 85 30 55 2,010 795 1,210 845 320 525
American Sign Language 35 25 10 115 50 65 15 10 10 1,590 620 970 795 300 490
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 20 40 285 110 180 10 0 10
Sign languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 65 65 40 15 30
Sino-Tibetan languages 1,550 735 820 23,815 11,910 11,905 3,325 1,700 1,635 128,375 64,180 64,190 61,525 30,930 30,595
Chinese languages 1,540 725 815 23,730 11,870 11,865 3,325 1,700 1,635 128,045 63,990 64,055 61,360 30,840 30,520
Hakka 0 0 0 20 10 0 0 0 0 45 25 25 45 20 25
Mandarin 1,085 490 595 14,385 7,265 7,120 2,100 1,110 995 76,040 37,760 38,280 37,260 18,740 18,525
Min Dong 0 0 0 20 0 15 0 0 0 35 20 20 35 20 20
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 0 0 0 60 30 30 60 25 40 485 210 270 150 60 90
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 15 0 0 0
Yue (Cantonese) 435 220 210 9,100 4,500 4,600 1,140 550 590 50,950 25,725 25,225 23,610 11,880 11,730
Chinese, n.o.s. 15 15 0 145 55 90 25 15 10 460 240 220 250 115 135
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tibeto-Burman languages 10 10 0 85 40 45 0 0 0 295 175 125 135 80 55
Burmese 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 40 20 15 0 0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 85 50 45 35 15
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 80 45 35 30 0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 10 0 0 0
Tibetan 0 0 0 80 35 45 0 0 0 90 45 45 80 35 45
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 10 15 25 10 15
Tai-Kadai languages 40 15 25 110 60 50 15 0 10 765 310 450 330 170 160
Lao 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0 80 30 50 50 15 30
Thai 40 15 25 95 60 35 15 0 10 670 275 395 275 150 125
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10 0 0 0
Turkic languages 95 35 55 460 245 210 85 45 30 1,345 695 650 970 480 490
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 25 35 0 25
Turkish 95 35 55 440 240 200 80 50 30 1,270 660 615 905 455 450
Uyghur 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 20 15 30 20 15
Uzbek 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0
Uralic languages 20 0 20 165 75 90 15 0 15 485 215 270 350 165 180
Estonian 0 0 0 40 15 25 0 0 0 70 15 50 65 15 45
Finnish 0 0 0 20 0 15 0 0 0 90 25 65 55 20 35
Hungarian 0 0 0 100 60 40 15 0 10 330 170 160 230 130 100
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 15 10 10 10 0
Multiple responses 20,825 9,420 11,405 22,140 10,515 11,625 107,830 56,590 51,240 453,880 231,205 222,675 101,955 48,010 53,945
English and French 18,230 8,230 10,005 4,655 1,835 2,820 99,075 52,050 47,030 321,975 163,305 158,675 46,525 19,475 27,055
English and non-official language(s) 2,210 1,020 1,185 16,820 8,365 8,450 3,105 1,760 1,350 115,955 60,210 55,745 53,330 27,575 25,755
French and non-official language(s) 95 45 50 15 0 10 2,345 1,085 1,255 6,280 2,795 3,485 155 70 85
English, French and non-official language(s) 280 125 155 240 125 110 3,255 1,680 1,575 7,405 3,795 3,605 880 395 485
Multiple non-official languages 15 0 0 420 190 230 45 10 35 2,265 1,100 1,165 1,060 490 565
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data197 583,615 297,605 286,010 1,602,165 814,875 787,295 1,016,810 527,690 489,125 20,630,520 10,690,035 9,940,490 7,885,710 4,072,735 3,812,975
None 473,205 248,225 224,975 1,498,610 765,630 732,975 667,690 342,985 324,705 18,696,980 9,704,050 8,992,935 7,400,850 3,844,820 3,556,035
English 14,330 5,680 8,650 19,980 9,170 10,810 201,200 106,725 94,480 902,625 474,755 427,875 89,345 39,850 49,495
French 85,670 38,575 47,095 22,095 9,555 12,540 115,950 61,585 54,365 589,755 288,955 300,800 199,430 87,785 111,645
Non-official language 7,275 3,615 3,655 48,965 24,500 24,465 14,925 7,790 7,135 331,375 168,035 163,335 154,150 79,615 74,535
Indigenous39 185 80 105 55 25 35 65 20 45 18,190 7,740 10,450 2,895 1,115 1,785
Non-Indigenous 7,085 3,535 3,550 48,905 24,475 24,430 14,860 7,770 7,095 313,185 160,295 152,885 151,255 78,510 72,750
English and French 100 45 60 50 25 25 1,155 540 610 2,940 1,445 1,495 270 100 170
English and non-official language(s) 225 100 135 2,320 1,055 1,260 8,605 4,110 4,490 33,125 15,680 17,445 7,395 3,425 3,970
French and non-official language(s) 1,885 890 995 2,260 1,125 1,135 5,480 2,970 2,510 22,615 11,475 11,135 7,510 3,515 3,995
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 25 25 0 165 85 80 360 210 150 50 45 0
Multiple non-official languages 920 465 450 7,875 3,790 4,085 1,645 895 745 50,740 25,425 25,315 26,705 13,575 13,125
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data198 493,140 254,615 238,530 1,308,110 675,505 632,605 859,920 445,255 414,665 17,321,700 9,056,680 8,265,020 6,492,895 3,416,955 3,075,940
Worked at home 215,705 104,575 111,125 510,240 245,515 264,720 260,415 132,065 128,355 4,214,860 2,000,150 2,214,705 1,929,760 904,345 1,025,415
Worked outside Canada 1,745 1,125 620 6,395 3,990 2,410 2,775 1,725 1,045 58,335 40,295 18,035 29,740 19,860 9,875
No fixed workplace address 43,070 32,430 10,645 142,290 102,345 39,945 81,290 57,160 24,130 2,201,745 1,660,325 541,415 765,180 576,300 188,880
Usual place of work 232,625 116,485 116,145 649,185 323,655 325,525 515,440 254,310 261,130 10,846,770 5,355,910 5,490,860 3,768,210 1,916,445 1,851,765
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data199 232,625 116,485 116,140 649,185 323,655 325,525 515,440 254,310 261,135 10,846,770 5,355,905 5,490,860 3,768,210 1,916,445 1,851,765
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence 219,180 108,995 110,185 514,695 239,280 275,405 413,515 195,935 217,580 6,397,120 2,970,205 3,426,915 2,212,620 1,041,890 1,170,730
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence 0 0 0 0 0 0 46,495 24,705 21,790 2,343,640 1,185,830 1,157,810 653,055 340,750 312,310
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence 7,025 3,980 3,045 132,960 83,500 49,460 53,810 32,610 21,200 2,007,950 1,139,665 868,285 885,485 523,590 361,890
Commute to a different province or territory 6,420 3,510 2,910 1,530 870 665 1,620 1,060 565 98,060 60,210 37,850 17,050 10,215 6,835
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data200 275,700 148,915 126,785 791,470 426,000 365,475 596,730 311,465 285,265 13,048,510 7,016,230 6,032,275 4,533,390 2,492,745 2,040,645
Car, truck or van 211,755 118,880 92,880 482,480 293,140 189,340 338,295 197,990 140,305 10,950,750 6,060,925 4,889,825 3,790,545 2,161,945 1,628,600
Car, truck or van - as a driver 190,190 110,600 79,585 424,985 273,250 151,745 313,045 188,685 124,360 10,106,595 5,717,830 4,388,770 3,451,650 2,022,010 1,429,635
Car, truck or van - as a passenger 21,565 8,275 13,290 57,490 19,890 37,595 25,245 9,300 15,940 844,155 343,100 501,050 338,895 139,935 198,960
Public transit 31,015 14,075 16,940 207,680 84,505 123,170 169,380 71,050 98,330 1,000,510 422,270 578,235 390,140 163,395 226,745
Walked 19,395 9,065 10,335 60,615 26,845 33,770 57,390 24,650 32,735 672,815 296,610 376,205 208,380 94,020 114,370
Bicycle 4,260 2,850 1,410 15,750 10,310 5,445 20,425 11,990 8,430 138,615 92,195 46,415 37,665 26,230 11,440
Other method 9,265 4,045 5,220 24,945 11,195 13,750 11,255 5,785 5,470 285,820 144,225 141,595 106,655 47,160 59,495
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data201 275,700 148,915 126,785 791,470 426,000 365,475 596,730 311,465 285,265 13,048,510 7,016,230 6,032,275 4,533,390 2,492,745 2,040,645
Less than 15 minutes 74,060 36,900 37,160 130,355 65,125 65,225 106,580 52,520 54,070 4,178,570 1,993,385 2,185,185 1,283,185 621,485 661,700
15 to 29 minutes 116,260 63,410 52,850 251,795 135,775 116,025 211,950 113,835 98,115 4,546,195 2,418,910 2,127,285 1,527,580 823,940 703,640
30 to 44 minutes 55,365 32,310 23,060 222,015 126,665 95,345 161,385 87,950 73,435 2,487,010 1,462,340 1,024,670 934,230 555,195 379,030
45 to 59 minutes 15,975 8,700 7,280 88,655 46,465 42,190 62,880 30,620 32,255 910,610 542,485 368,125 375,215 226,980 148,230
60 minutes and over 14,030 7,595 6,435 98,655 51,970 46,690 53,935 26,540 27,400 926,120 599,115 327,005 413,180 265,140 148,040
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data202 275,700 148,915 126,785 791,470 426,000 365,475 596,730 311,465 285,265 13,048,510 7,016,230 6,032,275 4,533,390 2,492,745 2,040,645
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m. 14,400 10,510 3,890 43,645 31,190 12,445 35,870 26,330 9,540 938,820 701,960 236,865 351,800 257,455 94,350
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m. 48,325 29,145 19,185 113,320 69,900 43,420 86,515 50,895 35,625 2,274,845 1,465,860 808,985 797,475 512,385 285,090
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m. 71,860 36,380 35,475 167,655 86,135 81,520 147,765 69,890 77,880 3,435,740 1,776,900 1,658,845 1,066,580 572,020 494,565
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m. 60,385 29,850 30,540 181,860 87,770 94,085 130,185 59,500 70,680 2,711,355 1,189,065 1,522,290 938,175 426,175 511,995
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m. 37,570 18,985 18,575 148,245 73,580 74,670 93,190 44,255 48,935 1,661,340 740,915 920,430 632,825 298,665 334,160
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m. 43,155 24,040 19,120 136,755 77,420 59,330 103,205 60,595 42,610 2,026,405 1,141,540 884,865 746,530 426,045 320,485
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data203 206,290 105,040 101,250 471,030 241,970 229,065 321,810 164,440 157,375 7,335,800 3,768,210 3,567,595 2,781,415 1,429,175 1,352,240
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 72,675 36,680 35,995 45,395 23,075 22,320 80,715 41,690 39,030 897,205 456,120 441,085 349,875 176,750 173,120
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 133,615 68,365 65,250 425,635 218,895 206,740 241,095 122,750 118,345 6,438,595 3,312,090 3,126,505 2,431,540 1,252,420 1,179,120
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data204 153,795 78,500 75,295 339,085 174,355 164,730 226,825 115,930 110,890 5,372,330 2,761,965 2,610,365 2,047,210 1,053,155 994,055
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 55,250 27,845 27,405 34,720 17,580 17,140 60,615 31,295 29,320 682,190 346,420 335,770 268,250 135,205 133,045
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 41,170 20,350 20,820 22,430 11,100 11,330 48,760 25,220 23,545 467,685 234,475 233,215 179,995 88,815 91,175
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 14,085 7,495 6,585 12,290 6,480 5,810 11,855 6,080 5,775 214,500 111,950 102,550 88,260 46,390 41,870
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 98,550 50,655 47,890 304,365 156,775 147,590 166,210 84,635 81,575 4,690,140 2,415,545 2,274,595 1,778,960 917,950 861,010

Symbol legend

Note: Gender

Gender refers to an individual's personal and social identity as a man, woman or non-binary person (a person who is not exclusively a man or a woman).

Gender includes the following concepts:

  • gender identity, which refers to the gender that a person feels internally and individually;
  • gender expression, which refers to the way a person presents their gender, regardless of their gender identity, through body language, aesthetic choices or accessories (e.g., clothes, hairstyle and makeup), which may have traditionally been associated with a specific gender.

A person's gender may differ from their sex at birth, and from what is indicated on their current identification or legal documents such as their birth certificate, passport or driver's licence. A person's gender may change over time.

Some people may not identify with a specific gender.

Given that the non-binary population is small, data aggregation to a two-category gender variable is sometimes necessary to protect the confidentiality of responses provided. In these cases, individuals in the category "non-binary persons" are distributed into the other two gender categories and are denoted by the "＋" symbol.

"Men＋" includes men (and/or boys), as well as some non-binary persons.

"Women＋" includes women (and/or girls), as well as some non-binary persons.

Source

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2021 and 2016 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

Private dwelling refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

A private dwelling occupied by usual residents refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 11, 2021.

Footnote 4

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Footnote 5

A census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children), a common-law couple (with or without children) or a one-parent family. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Footnote 6

There is no age restriction on children. Includes children living with a grandparent or grandparents without a parent present.

Footnote 7

Includes foster children.

Footnote 8

Multigenerational households represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the grandparent of a person in the household and the parent of another person in the same household. They also represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the child of a person in the household and the grandchild of another person in the same household. In previous censuses, multigenerational households were only created based on the former definition, not the latter. As a result, there may be small differences in counts for 2011 and 2016 in archived tables.

Footnote 9

Excludes multigenerational households.

Footnote 10

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 11

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 12

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 13

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 14

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 16

Part year or part time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week) or 48 weeks or less during 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 17

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 18

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 19

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 20

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 22

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 23

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 24

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 25

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. The reference period for this variable is calendar year 2019. The variable is intended for comparison with its 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Footnote 26

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 27

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 28

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 29

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 30

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Footnote 31

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
    • - income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 32

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 33

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Footnote 34

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 35

The Gini coefficient, or Gini index, is a measure of inequality that indicates how equally income is distributed for a given population. It measures how much an income distribution deviates from perfect equality. Values of the Gini coefficient can range from 0 to 1. A value of 0 indicates that income is equally divided among the population, with all units receiving exactly the same amount of income. At the opposite extreme, a Gini coefficient of 1 denotes a perfectly unequal distribution, where one unit has all of the income in the economy.

For the census, Gini coefficients are calculated for three types of adjusted household income—market income, total income and after tax income. Adjusted income is computed by dividing the household income by a factor equal to the square root of the household size (known as the equivalence scale). This adjustment for different household sizes takes into account economies of scale. It reflects the fact that the needs of a household increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

The P90/P10 ratio is a measure of inequality. It is the ratio of the 90th and the 10th percentile of the adjusted household after-tax income. The 90th percentile means 90% of the population has income that falls below this threshold. The 10th percentile means 10% of the population has income that falls below this threshold.

Footnote 36

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 37

First official language spoken refers to the first official language (English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 38

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned more than one language at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has more than one mother tongue only if they learned these languages at the same time, and still understands them. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. A child who has not yet learned to speak has more than one mother tongue only if these languages are spoken to them equally often so that the child learns these languages at the same time.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 39

Users should be aware that estimates associated with Indigenous languages are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

Footnote 40

All languages spoken at home refers to all languages that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 41

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as "spoken most often at home" if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which they feel most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where more than one language is spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If more than one language is spoken equally often to the child, then these languages are included here.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 42

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the language(s), if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language(s) they speak most often at home.

Comparisons to previous Census data is not recommended for the 'Other languages spoken regularly at home' variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 43

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

Knowledge of non-official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 44

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 45

This category includes persons who identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who report being Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada), and/or those who report having membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 46

This category includes persons who identify as only one Indigenous group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 47

This category includes persons who identify as any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 48

This category includes persons who do not identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who report having Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 49

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 50

Tenure refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, 'dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band,' has been created for census purposes.

Footnote 51

Condominium status refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

Footnote 52

Bedrooms refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

Footnote 53

Rooms refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year round living. The number of rooms in a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms in a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

Footnote 54

Number of persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

Footnote 55

Housing suitability refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

'Housing suitability' assesses the required number of bedrooms for a household based on the age, sex, and relationships among household members. An alternative variable, 'persons per room,' considers all rooms in a private dwelling and the number of household members.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

Footnote 56

Period of construction refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed.

This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodeling, additions or conversions.

For properties having multiple residential structures, this refers to the period in which the most recent structure was completed.

Footnote 57

Includes data up to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 58

Dwelling condition refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

Footnote 59

Refers to whether or not a person residing in the household is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making such payments, the reference person is identified by default.

Footnote 60

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

Footnote 61

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2021, while household total income is reported for the year 2020. As well, for some households, the 2020 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

Footnote 62

Acceptable housing refers to whether a household meets each of the three indicator thresholds established by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation for housing adequacy, suitability and affordability.

Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows:

  • Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs.
  • Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income.
  • Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives.

Acceptable housing identifies which thresholds the household falls below, if any. Housing that is adequate in condition, suitable in size and affordable is considered to be acceptable.

Households below and above the thresholds are based on the indicators for which individual households can be assessed. Farm and on-reserve households whose housing does not meet either or both of the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households below the thresholds. Farm and on-reserve households who live in housing that meets both the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households above the thresholds (even though it is not possible to assess housing affordability for these households). Farm households and on-reserve households cannot be assessed for housing affordability because the concept is not applicable.

Housing affordability is assessed for owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings.

Footnote 63

Core housing need refers to whether a private household's housing falls below at least one of the indicator thresholds for housing adequacy, affordability or suitability, and would have to spend 30% or more of its total before-tax income to pay the median rent of alternative local housing that is acceptable (attains all three housing indicator thresholds). Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows: Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs. Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income. Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives. Only private, non-farm, non-reserve and owner- or renter-households with incomes greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratios less than 100% are assessed for 'core housing need.' Non-family households with at least one maintainer aged 15 to 29 attending school are considered not to be in 'core housing need' regardless of their housing circumstances. Attending school is considered a transitional phase, and low incomes earned by student households are viewed as being a temporary condition.

Footnote 64

Presence of mortgage payments refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

Footnote 65

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band, shelter costs include, where applicable, the monthly use or occupancy payment and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

Footnote 66

Value (owner estimated) refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

Footnote 67

Subsidized housing refers to whether a renter household lives in a dwelling that is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

Footnote 68

'Indigenous ancestry' refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Indigenous peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and/or Inuit. Aboriginal peoples (referred to here as Indigenous peoples) of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, Section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. The term 'Aboriginal' has been replaced with the updated term of 'Indigenous' when referring to individuals who identify themselves as First Nations people, Métis and/or Inuit. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 69

'Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 70

'Single Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 71

'Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 72

'Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 73

'Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 74

'Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 75

'Non-Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Indigenous ancestry only.

Footnote 76

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 77

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 78

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 79

'Immigrant status' refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

'Period of immigration' refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 80

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 81

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 82

Includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 83

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country with a usual place of residence in Canada and who have a work or study permit or who have claimed refugee status (asylum claimants). Family members living with work or study permit holders are also included, unless these family members are already Canadian citizens, landed immigrants or permanent residents.

Footnote 84

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 85

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 86

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 87

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 88

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 89

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 90

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 91

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 92

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 93

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 94

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2016 and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 95

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 96

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 97

The full name of Sudan is the Republic of the Sudan.

Footnote 98

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 99

'Generation status' refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 100

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 101

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 102

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with all parents born in Canada.

Footnote 103

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on their application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 104

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 105

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 106

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 107

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 108

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 109

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 110

'Pre-admission experience' refers to the category under which an immigrant was authorized to enter Canada for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

In the 2021 Census of Population, data on pre-admission experience are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980, and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 111

This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim with a work and/or study permit before admission.

Footnote 112

This category includes immigrants who had a work permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A work permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to work on a temporary basis in Canada. Work permits set out conditions for the worker, such as the type of work and employer, location of work, and timeline of work.

Footnote 113

This category includes immigrants who had a study permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A study permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to study at an educational institution in Canada for the duration of the program of study.

Footnote 114

This category includes immigrants who had both a work and a study permit before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 115

This category includes immigrants who had a permit other than a work permit, study permit, or asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 116

This category includes immigrants who did not have a permit for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 117

'Visible minority' refers to whether a person is a visible minority or not, as defined by the Employment Equity Act. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Arab, Latin American, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

For more information on visible minority and population group variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 118

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

Footnote 119

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes persons who provided responses that are classified as a visible minority, but that cannot be classified with a specific visible minority group. Such responses include, for example, "Guyanese," "Pacific Islander," "Polynesian," "Tibetan" and "West Indian."

Footnote 120

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, this category is referred to as "the rest of the population."

Footnote 121

'Ethnic or cultural origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. Ancestors may have Indigenous origins, origins that refer to different countries or other origins that may not refer to different countries.

The sum of the ethnic or cultural origins in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic or cultural origin in the census.

The ethnic groups selected are the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

For more information on ethnic or cultural origin variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Ethnic or Cultural Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 122

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating French origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "French").

Footnote 123

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating British Isles origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "British," "United Kingdom").

Footnote 124

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caucasian (White) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caucasian").

Footnote 125

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating First Nations (North American Indian) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "First Nations," "North American Indian").

Footnote 126

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "European").

Footnote 127

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "African").

Footnote 128

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Arab origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Arab").

Footnote 129

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Asian").

Footnote 130

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Cree origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Cree").

Footnote 131

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes responses indicating Christian origins, not included elsewhere (e.g., "Christian," "Baptist," "Catholic").

Footnote 132

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American Indigenous origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Aboriginal," "Indigenous").

Footnote 133

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating South Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "South Asian").

Footnote 134

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Mi'kmaq origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Mi'kmaq").

Footnote 135

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Northern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Northern European," "Scandinavian").

Footnote 136

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Latin American," "South American").

Footnote 137

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Black origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Black").

Footnote 138

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Inuit origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Inuit").

Footnote 139

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Eastern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Eastern European").

Footnote 140

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating East or Southeast Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East Asian," "Southeast Asian").

Footnote 141

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central Asian," "Middle Eastern," "West Asian").

Footnote 142

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caribbean origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caribbean").

Footnote 143

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West Indian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "West Indian").

Footnote 144

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Hispanic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Hispanic").

Footnote 145

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Western European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Western European").

Footnote 146

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Czechoslovakian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Czechoslovakian").

Footnote 147

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Yugoslavian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Yugoslavian").

Footnote 148

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Slavic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Slavic").

Footnote 149

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Innu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Innu," "Montagnais").

Footnote 150

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Celtic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Celtic").

Footnote 151

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North American").

Footnote 152

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Dene origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Dene").

Footnote 153

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Blackfoot origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Blackfoot").

Footnote 154

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Iroquoian (Haudenosaunee) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Iroquois," "Haudenosaunee").

Footnote 155

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North African").

Footnote 156

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Southern or East African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East African").

Footnote 157

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified.' This category includes responses indicating Anishinaabe origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Anishinaabe").

Footnote 158

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Bantu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Bantu").

Footnote 159

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Akan origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Akan").

Footnote 160

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Central or West African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central African," "West African").

Footnote 161

'Religion' refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination, group, body, or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a religious organization or group. This variable shows the aggregated responses to the religion question. For infants or children, religion refers to the specific religious group or denomination in which they are being raised, if any. Persons without a religious connection or affiliation can self-identify as atheist, agnostic or humanist, or can provide another applicable response. For more information on religion variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Religion Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 162

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses of "Christian," not otherwise specified (e.g., "Christian," "Christianity").

Footnote 163

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 164

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 165

For information on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 166

This includes all persons with a high school diploma or equivalency certificate, regardless of whether they also completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 167

'High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational credential. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 168

'Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions. It also includes qualifications from vocational training programs in the province of Quebec such as the Diplôme d'études professionnelles (DEP)/Diploma of Vocational Studies (DVS).

Footnote 169

'Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificates of Apprenticeship, Certificates of Qualification and Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 170

College, CEGEP and other non-university certificates and diplomas obtained from programs that are typically completed in less than three months are not included in this category.

Footnote 171

'Earned doctorate' does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 172

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2021 - Alternative primary groupings,' with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada, 2021. For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 173

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' is made up of persons who have not completed any credentials above a high school diploma.

Footnote 174

Includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies,' '30.29 Maritime studies,' '30.45 History and language/literature,' '30.47 Linguistics and anthropology,' '30.51 Integrated philosophy, politics, and economics,' '30.52 Digital humanities and textual studies,' and '30.53 Thanatology.'

Footnote 175

Includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/globalization studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction,' '30.33 Sustainability studies,' '30.34 Anthrozoology,' '30.36 Cultural studies and comparative literature,' '30.40 Economics and foreign language/literature,' '30.44 Geography and environmental studies,' and '30.46 History and political science.'

Footnote 176

Includes '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology,' '30.32 Marine sciences,' '30.35 Climate science,' '30.38 Earth systems science,' '30.41 Environmental geosciences,' '30.42 Geoarchaeology,' '30.43 Geobiology,' and '30.50 Mathematics and atmospheric/oceanic science.'

Footnote 177

Includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science,' '30.30 Computational science,' '30.39 Economics and computer science,' '30.48 Linguistics and computer science,' '30.49 Mathematical economics,' '30.70 Data science' and '30.71 Data analytics.'

Footnote 178

Veterinary medicine, veterinary science, veterinary technology, and veterinary administrative support services, which were included in series '51. Health professions and related programs' in CIP 2016, are now included in series '01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields' in CIP 2021.

Footnote 179

Includes '30.00 Inclusive postsecondary education' and '30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 180

For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 181

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 182

The location of study is not compared with the location of residence for persons who studied outside Canada. The locations of study outside Canada that are listed here are those which were the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

Footnote 183

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 184

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 2 to Saturday, May 8, 2021.

For information on the comparability of the 2021 Census labour force status data with those of the Labour Force Survey, see Appendix 2.11 of the Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 185

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2020 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 186

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2020 and persons who worked in 2021, but not in 2020.

Footnote 187

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2020.

Footnote 188

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year either mostly full time or mostly part time in 2020. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 189

Class of worker including job permanency refers to whether a person is a paid employee or is self-employed. Employees' positions are further classified as either permanent or temporary.

Footnote 190

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2020.

Footnote 191

Includes persons aged 15 years and over in the labour force who have worked at some point in time between January 1, 2020 and May 8, 2021.

Footnote 192

Includes self-employed persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business and with or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Footnote 193

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the National Occupational Classification [NOC] 2021 Version 1.0.

Footnote 194

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The industry data are produced according to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Canada 2017 Version 3.0.

Footnote 195

"All languages used at work" refers to all languages that the person uses in their job on a regular basis.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 196

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as "used most often at work" if the languages are used equally often.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 197

"Other language(s) used regularly at work" refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages they use most often at work.

Comparisons to previous census data is not recommended for the ‘Other languages used regularly at work’ variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 198

Place of work status refers to whether a person worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address, or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 199

Commuting destination refers to whether or not a person commutes to another municipality (i.e., census subdivision), another census division or another province or territory. Commuting refers to the travel of a person to their usual place of work.

Footnote 200

Main mode of commuting refers to the main mode of transportation a person uses to travel to their place of work.

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 201

Commuting duration refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel to their place of work.

Footnote 202

Time leaving for work refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves to go to their place of work.

Footnote 203

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

Footnote 204

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020. However, the total population for this profile is school-aged children born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive), representing children 5 to 17 years of age on December 31, 2020.

For residents of Quebec, instruction in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in an English-language school (including in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada. For residents of Canada outside Quebec, it refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in a regular French program in a French-language school (excluding in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

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