Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	LaSalle, Town (T)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	32,721
Population, 2016¹	30,180
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	8.4
Total private dwellings²	11,922
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	11,644
Population density per square kilometre	503.7
Land area in square kilometres	64.96
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	32,720
0 to 14 years	5,520
0 to 4 years	1,500
5 to 9 years	1,860
10 to 14 years	2,160
15 to 64 years	21,160
15 to 19 years	2,300
20 to 24 years	2,025
25 to 29 years	1,630
30 to 34 years	1,475
35 to 39 years	1,785
40 to 44 years	2,100
45 to 49 years	2,320
50 to 54 years	2,500
55 to 59 years	2,630
60 to 64 years	2,400
65 years and over	6,045
65 to 69 years	1,885
70 to 74 years	1,620
75 to 79 years	1,130
80 to 84 years	740
85 years and over	665
85 to 89 years	405
90 to 94 years	210
95 to 99 years	55
100 years and over	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.9
15 to 64 years	64.7
65 years and over	18.5
85 years and over	2.0
Average age of the population	42.0
Median age of the population	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	11,645
Single-detached house	9,825
Semi-detached house	875
Row house	190
Apartment or flat in a duplex	50
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	485
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	210
Other single-attached house	5
Movable dwelling⁴	0
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	11,645
1 person	2,090
2 persons	3,870
3 persons	2,055
4 persons	2,310
5 or more persons	1,320
Number of persons in private households	32,480
Average household size	2.8
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	27,200
Married or living common-law	17,160
Married	15,680
Living common-law	1,475
Living common law - Never married	825
Living common law - Separated	80
Living common law - Divorced	505
Living common law - Widowed	70
Not married and not living common-law	10,045
Not married and not living common law - Never married	6,880
Not married and not living common law - Separated	455
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,250
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,460
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	9,650
2 persons	4,210
3 persons	2,095
4 persons	2,300
5 or more persons	1,040
Average size of census families	3.1
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	9,650
Total couple families	8,465
Married couples	7,730
With children⁶	4,575
Without children	3,150
Common-law couples	735
With children⁶	320
Without children	415
Total one-parent families	1,180
in which the parent is a woman+	905
in which the parent is a man+	280
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	32,480
Total - Persons in census families	29,485
Married spouses or common-law partners	16,930
Parents in one-parent families	1,185
Children⁶	11,375
In a two-parent family	9,485
In a one-parent family	1,890
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,990
Living alone	2,090
Living with other relatives⁷	565
Living with non-relatives only	340
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	11,645
One-census-family households without additional persons	8,690
Couple-family households	7,740
With children⁶	4,505
Without children	3,240
One-parent-family households	950
Multigenerational households⁸	390
Multiple-census-family households⁹	55
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	270
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	155
One-person households	2,090
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	26,960
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,840
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,860
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,995
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	19,560
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,230
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,720
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,200
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	26,960
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,835
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	65,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,865
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,145
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,560
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	59,700
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,150
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,740
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,705
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,215
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,020
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,600
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	26,960
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	9,125
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	82,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	97,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	7,310
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,640
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	26,960
Without total income	1,120
With total income	25,835
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,115
$10,000 to $19,999	2,640
$20,000 to $29,999	3,125
$30,000 to $39,999	2,700
$40,000 to $49,999	2,600
$50,000 to $59,999	2,365
$60,000 to $69,999	1,755
$70,000 to $79,999	1,565
$80,000 to $89,999	1,270
$90,000 to $99,999	1,115
$100,000 and over	4,580
$100,000 to $149,999	2,805
$150,000 and over	1,775
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	26,960
Without after-tax income	1,095
With after-tax income	25,865
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,235
$10,000 to $19,999	2,805
$20,000 to $29,999	3,550
$30,000 to $39,999	3,230
$40,000 to $49,999	3,135
$50,000 to $59,999	2,445
$60,000 to $69,999	1,955
$70,000 to $79,999	1,550
$80,000 to $89,999	1,420
$90,000 to $99,999	775
$100,000 and over	2,755
$100,000 to $124,999	1,095
$125,000 and over	1,660
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	26,960
Without employment income	7,400
With employment income	19,555
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,295
$5,000 to $9,999	1,425
$10,000 to $19,999	1,995
$20,000 to $29,999	1,445
$30,000 to $39,999	1,230
$40,000 to $49,999	1,290
$50,000 to $59,999	1,260
$60,000 to $69,999	1,060
$70,000 to $79,999	1,105
$80,000 to $89,999	895
$90,000 to $99,999	950
$100,000 and over	3,595
$100,000 to $124,999	1,510
$125,000 and over	2,085
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	26,960
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	25,260
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	25,270
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	23,635
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	19,475
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	21,705
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,105
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,320
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	26,960
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25,230
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	63,100
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25,250
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,750
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	23,765
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,900
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	19,540
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,250
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	21,575
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,760
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,175
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,760
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	26,960
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	9,080
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	77,500
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	93,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	6,865
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	38,520
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	90.8
Employment income (%)	74.0
Government transfers (%)	9.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	11,645
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	119,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	102,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	2,090
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,000
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,400
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	9,550
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	136,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	11,645
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	144,600
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	120,900
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,090
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	66,500
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,450
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	9,555
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	161,800
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	135,000
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	11,645
Under $5,000	50
$5,000 to $9,999	25
$10,000 to $14,999	60
$15,000 to $19,999	55
$20,000 to $24,999	125
$25,000 to $29,999	180
$30,000 to $34,999	180
$35,000 to $39,999	220
$40,000 to $44,999	255
$45,000 to $49,999	280
$50,000 to $59,999	650
$60,000 to $69,999	625
$70,000 to $79,999	640
$80,000 to $89,999	685
$90,000 to $99,999	655
$100,000 and over	6,955
$100,000 to $124,999	1,465
$125,000 to $149,999	1,270
$150,000 to $199,999	1,830
$200,000 and over	2,395
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	11,645
Under $5,000	65
$5,000 to $9,999	25
$10,000 to $14,999	65
$15,000 to $19,999	65
$20,000 to $24,999	130
$25,000 to $29,999	225
$30,000 to $34,999	205
$35,000 to $39,999	260
$40,000 to $44,999	340
$45,000 to $49,999	355
$50,000 to $59,999	770
$60,000 to $69,999	795
$70,000 to $79,999	825
$80,000 to $89,999	795
$90,000 to $99,999	755
$100,000 and over	5,970
$100,000 to $124,999	1,620
$125,000 to $149,999	1,295
$150,000 and over	3,055
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	9,465
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	135,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	116,000
Average family size of economic families	3.2
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	3,260
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	4,925
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	172,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	145,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,080
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	2,425
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	53,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	9,465
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	161,400
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	134,600
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,235
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	121,700
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,900
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,915
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	200,000
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	165,800
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,115
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	108,200
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	94,200
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	2,385
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	65,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	55,600
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	32,480
0 to 17 years	6,905
0 to 5 years	1,840
18 to 64 years	19,740
65 years and over	5,830
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,335
0 to 17 years	320
0 to 5 years	105
18 to 64 years	710
65 years and over	305
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	4.1
0 to 17 years (%)	4.6
0 to 5 years (%)	5.6
18 to 64 years (%)	3.6
65 years and over (%)	5.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	32,480
0 to 17 years	6,905
0 to 5 years	1,840
18 to 64 years	19,740
65 years and over	5,835
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	535
0 to 17 years	125
0 to 5 years	40
18 to 64 years	355
65 years and over	50
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	1.6
0 to 17 years (%)	1.8
0 to 5 years (%)	2.2
18 to 64 years (%)	1.8
65 years and over (%)	0.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	32,480
In bottom half of the distribution	9,650
In bottom decile	1,130
In second decile	1,580
In third decile	1,855
In fourth decile	2,315
In fifth decile	2,770
In top half of the distribution	22,825
In sixth decile	3,155
In seventh decile	3,640
In eighth decile	4,185
In ninth decile	4,990
In top decile	6,865
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	32,480
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.318
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.400
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.289
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	32,710
English only	28,620
French only	15
English and French	3,725
Neither English nor French	350
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	32,710
English	31,620
French	600
English and French	150
Neither English nor French	340
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	32,710
Single responses	31,480
Official languages	25,350
English	24,720
French	635
Non-official languages	6,130
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,125
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,115
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	1,115
Amharic	0
Arabic	995
Aramaic languages	105
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	40
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	65
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	15
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	90
Khmer (Cambodian)	15
Vietnamese	75
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	130
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	5
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	115
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	5
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	145
Kannada	0
Malayalam	55
Tamil	65
Telugu	20
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	3,560
Albanian	35
Armenian	35
Balto-Slavic languages	665
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	660
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	5
Macedonian	65
Polish	215
Russian	40
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	210
Bosnian	20
Croatian	75
Serbian	110
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	70
Slovene (Slovenian)	10
Ukrainian	45
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	225
Frisian	0
High German languages	190
German	180
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	5
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30
Afrikaans	5
Dutch	20
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	5
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	10
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	110
Indo-Iranian languages	980
Indo-Aryan languages	880
Assamese	0
Bengali	30
Gujarati	105
Hindi	85
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	5
Nepali	5
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	380
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20
Urdu	240
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	95
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	10
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	85
Dari	5
Iranian Persian	75
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,515
Catalan	0
Italian	1,060
Portuguese	115
Romanian	130
Spanish	200
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	105
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	30
Akan (Twi)	5
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	5
American Sign Language	10
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	740
Chinese languages	735
Hakka	5
Mandarin	525
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	5
Yue (Cantonese)	175
Chinese, n.o.s.	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5
Lao	0
Thai	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	40
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	35
Uyghur	10
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	150
Estonian	5
Finnish	10
Hungarian	135
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	1,225
English and French	270
English and non-official language(s)	805
French and non-official language(s)	30
English, French and non-official language(s)	45
Multiple non-official languages	70
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	32,710
English	26,035
French	75
Non-official language	1,330
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	1,330
English and French	605
English and non-official language(s)	4,290
French and non-official language(s)	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	265
Multiple non-official languages	100
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	32,710
Single responses	31,715
Official languages	28,930
English	28,815
French	115
Non-official languages	2,785
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,785
Afro-Asiatic languages	535
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	535
Amharic	0
Arabic	455
Aramaic languages	80
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	30
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	40
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40
Khmer (Cambodian)	5
Vietnamese	35
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	55
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	80
Kannada	0
Malayalam	20
Tamil	45
Telugu	15
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	1,380
Albanian	5
Armenian	20
Balto-Slavic languages	240
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	240
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	20
Polish	80
Russian	20
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	85
Bosnian	10
Croatian	20
Serbian	50
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	25
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	20
Frisian	0
High German languages	15
German	10
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	35
Indo-Iranian languages	670
Indo-Aryan languages	605
Assamese	0
Bengali	20
Gujarati	90
Hindi	55
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	5
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	275
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	160
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	70
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	5
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	60
Dari	5
Iranian Persian	55
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	385
Catalan	0
Italian	200
Portuguese	25
Romanian	60
Spanish	105
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	85
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	10
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	10
American Sign Language	5
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	515
Chinese languages	515
Hakka	0
Mandarin	405
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	5
Yue (Cantonese)	90
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	25
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	20
Uyghur	5
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	50
Estonian	0
Finnish	10
Hungarian	40
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	990
English and French	75
English and non-official language(s)	870
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35
Multiple non-official languages	10
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	32,710
None	28,255
English	1,190
French	540
Non-official language	2,190
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	2,190
English and French	30
English and non-official language(s)	180
French and non-official language(s)	150
English, French and non-official language(s)	5
Multiple non-official languages	180
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	32,475
Official languages	32,125
English	32,105
French	3,740
Non-official languages	8,315
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,310
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,770
Berber languages	10
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	1,770
Amharic	0
Arabic	1,715
Aramaic languages	85
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	20
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	65
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	25
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	125
Khmer (Cambodian)	20
Vietnamese	105
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	165
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	10
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	15
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	150
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	15
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	10
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	240
Kannada	35
Malayalam	85
Tamil	85
Telugu	45
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	4,960
Albanian	20
Armenian	65
Balto-Slavic languages	860
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	855
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	15
Macedonian	110
Polish	290
Russian	60
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	305
Bosnian	25
Croatian	120
Serbian	170
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	15
Slovak	55
Slovene (Slovenian)	10
Ukrainian	60
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	290
Frisian	0
High German languages	240
German	240
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	35
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	20
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	20
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	150
Indo-Iranian languages	1,405
Indo-Aryan languages	1,260
Assamese	0
Bengali	45
Gujarati	150
Hindi	535
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	20
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	540
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40
Urdu	465
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	140
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	20
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	130
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	120
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,270
Catalan	0
Italian	1,525
Portuguese	225
Romanian	180
Spanish	425
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	10
Korean	145
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	55
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	40
American Sign Language	40
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	815
Chinese languages	810
Hakka	0
Mandarin	615
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	15
Yue (Cantonese)	265
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10
Lao	0
Thai	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	60
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	60
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	210
Estonian	0
Finnish	50
Hungarian	160
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	32,480
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	700
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	690
First Nations (North American Indian)	295
Métis	380
Inuk (Inuit)	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	10
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0
Non-Indigenous identity	31,780
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	32,480
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	160
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	32,320
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	11,645
Owner	10,640
Renter	1,010
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	11,645
Condominium	810
Not condominium	10,830
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	11,645
No bedrooms	10
1 bedroom	290
2 bedrooms	1,630
3 bedrooms	4,815
4 or more bedrooms	4,895
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	11,645
1 to 4 rooms	1,095
5 rooms	1,495
6 rooms	1,525
7 rooms	1,765
8 or more rooms	5,765
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.7
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	11,645
One person or fewer per room	11,525
More than one person per room	115
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	11,645
Suitable	11,310
Not suitable	330
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	11,645
1960 or before	1,250
1961 to 1980	2,430
1981 to 1990	1,200
1991 to 2000	3,065
2001 to 2005	1,040
2006 to 2010	690
2011 to 2015	840
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,140
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	11,645
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	11,235
Major repairs needed	405
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	11,645
One-maintainer household	4,870
Two-maintainer household	6,440
Three-or-more-maintainer household	335
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	11,645
15 to 24 years	55
25 to 34 years	880
35 to 44 years	1,885
45 to 54 years	2,580
55 to 64 years	2,705
65 to 74 years	1,965
75 to 84 years	1,160
85 years and over	405
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	11,600
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	10,340
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,260
30% to less than 100%	1,130
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	11,645
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,885
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,170
Not suitable only	285
Major repairs needed only	320
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	30
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	60
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0
Acceptable housing	9,755
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	11,475
In core need	300
Not in core need	11,165
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,605
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	54.4
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.7
% in core housing need⁶³	1.8
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,190
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,468
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	520,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	605,500
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,005
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.5
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.5
% in core housing need⁶³	11.3
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,390
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,416
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	32,480
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	75
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	75
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	25
Métis single ancestry	50
Inuit single ancestry	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	895
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	895
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	625
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	255
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	31,505
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	32,475
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	31,110
Canadian citizens aged under 18	6,710
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	24,400
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,370
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	32,475
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	25,785
Immigrants⁸¹	6,535
Before 1980	1,910
1980 to 1990	730
1991 to 2000	1,225
2001 to 2010	1,475
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,190
2011 to 2015	490
2016 to 2021	695
Non-permanent residents⁸³	160
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	6,535
Under 5 years	695
5 to 14 years	1,350
15 to 24 years	1,375
25 to 44 years	2,605
45 years and over	510
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	6,535
Americas	965
Brazil	55
Colombia	20
El Salvador	25
Guyana	15
Haiti	0
Jamaica	25
Mexico	35
Peru	10
Trinidad and Tobago	0
United States of America	710
Other places of birth in Americas	75
Europe	2,210
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20
Croatia	100
France	45
Germany	95
Greece	90
Hungary	45
Italy	700
Netherlands	40
Poland	185
Portugal	70
Romania	160
Russian Federation	20
Serbia⁸⁶	95
Ukraine	25
United Kingdom⁸⁷	350
Other places of birth in Europe	185
Africa	365
Algeria	15
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Egypt	45
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	70
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	40
Other places of birth in Africa	195
Asia	2,980
Afghanistan	0
Iran⁸⁸	95
Iraq	190
Lebanon	305
Syria⁸⁹	50
Turkey	45
China⁹⁰	445
Hong Kong⁹¹	95
Korea, South⁹²	120
Taiwan	0
Philippines	160
Viet Nam	80
Bangladesh	10
India	650
Pakistan	290
Sri Lanka	55
Other places of birth in Asia	365
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	15
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	700
Americas	195
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Mexico	0
United States of America	160
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	15
Europe	75
France	0
Germany	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0
Italy	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0
Other places of birth in Europe	70
Africa	50
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	35
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0
Asia	375
Afghanistan	0
Bangladesh	0
China⁹⁰	75
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	175
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	25
Israel	0
Japan	0
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	10
Lebanon	0
Nepal	0
Pakistan	25
Philippines	0
Saudi Arabia	0
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	10
Turkey	10
United Arab Emirates	20
Viet Nam	0
Other places of birth in Asia	10
Oceania and other⁹³	0
Australia	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	32,480
First generation¹⁰⁰	7,295
Second generation¹⁰¹	7,660
Third generation or more¹⁰²	17,525
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	4,625
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,240
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	865
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,375
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,640
Refugees¹⁰⁸	665
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	80
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	4,625
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	260
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	405
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	170
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	210
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	45
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,530
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	32,480
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	6,110
South Asian	1,785
Chinese	940
Black	460
Filipino	330
Arab	1,630
Latin American	180
Southeast Asian	210
West Asian	150
Korean	130
Japanese	25
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	60
Multiple visible minorities	205
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	26,370
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	32,475
Canadian	4,145
English	6,125
Irish	4,525
Scottish	3,965
French, n.o.s.¹²²	6,455
German	2,795
Chinese	910
Italian	5,380
Indian (India)	905
Ukrainian	825
Dutch	900
Polish	1,540
Québécois	45
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	875
Filipino	335
French Canadian	875
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	320
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	375
Métis	305
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	240
Russian	275
Norwegian	115
Welsh	505
Portuguese	430
American	505
Spanish	230
Swedish	165
Hungarian	890
Acadian	15
Pakistani	390
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	205
Jewish	90
Punjabi	120
Vietnamese	155
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	620
Greek	350
Jamaican	75
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	165
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0
Korean	125
Romanian	420
Lebanese	1,110
Iranian	140
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	195
Danish	30
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	110
Sikh	100
Austrian	170
Belgian	180
Haitian	10
Hindu	115
Mexican	65
Mennonite	30
Swiss	80
Finnish	120
Sri Lankan	85
Croatian	330
Japanese	30
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	110
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	10
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	30
Muslim	195
Egyptian	95
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	30
Tamil	45
Icelandic	15
Colombian	20
Moroccan	0
Czech	110
Syrian	60
Guyanese	15
Afghan	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	55
Serbian	385
Ojibway	15
Newfoundlander	0
Hong Konger	60
Ontarian	160
Persian	55
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	20
Turkish	65
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	15
Bangladeshi	0
Algerian	0
Brazilian	20
Nigerian	35
Armenian	105
Slovak	290
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0
Somali	0
Taiwanese	0
Iraqi	125
Salvadorean	25
African Caribbean	35
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	25
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	210
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	30
Algonquin	15
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0
Lithuanian	35
South African	65
Australian	35
Palestinian	180
Chilean	0
Congolese	0
Nova Scotian	0
Ethiopian	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	10
Peruvian	20
Yoruba	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	40
Berber	0
Albanian	40
Maltese	120
Macedonian	310
Slovenian	70
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	25
New Brunswicker	10
Gujarati	0
Eritrean	0
African Canadian	65
Israeli	0
Mohawk	15
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	65
Bulgarian	0
Albertan	0
Ghanaian	0
Barbadian	25
African American	60
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	120
Tunisian	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	80
Cuban	10
Bosnian	0
Venezuelan	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	50
Bengali	20
Cameroonian	0
Guatemalan	25
Indonesian	0
Laotian	0
Ilocano	0
Northern Irish	20
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0
British Columbian	0
Ecuadorian	0
Franco Ontarian	0
Argentinian	0
Estonian	0
Kurdish	35
Fijian	0
Jatt	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0
Coptic	0
Thai	0
Dominican	0
Nepali	0
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	30
Igbo	25
Byelorussian	20
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	15
New Zealander	0
Sudanese	45
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	15
Malaysian	0
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	0
Buddhist	0
Gaspesian	0
Norman	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	0
Mauritian	0
Kenyan	0
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	70
Manitoban	0
Cape Bretoner	0
Rwandan	0
Grenadian	0
Malayali	40
Chaldean	95
Sinhalese	15
Mayan	0
Honduran	0
Cherokee	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	0
Flemish	0
United Empire Loyalist	0
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	0
Sicilian	45
Pashtun	0
Malay	0
Goan	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	0
Burmese	0
Mongolian	15
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	0
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	0
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	90
Basque	0
Uruguayan	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0
Igorot	0
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	0
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	0
Roma	0
Costa Rican	0
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	0
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	32,480
Buddhist	105
Christian	22,085
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,010
Anabaptist	70
Anglican	1,330
Baptist	230
Catholic	15,145
Christian Orthodox	810
Jehovah's Witness	65
Latter Day Saints	75
Lutheran	225
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	20
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	315
Presbyterian	320
Reformed	0
United Church	775
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	700
Hindu	570
Jewish	55
Muslim	2,240
Sikh	305
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	50
No religion and secular perspectives	7,065
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	32,200
Non-movers	29,685
Movers	2,515
Non-migrants	1,410
Migrants	1,105
Internal migrants	980
Intraprovincial migrants	920
Interprovincial migrants	60
External migrants	125
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	31,000
Non-movers	21,390
Movers	9,610
Non-migrants	2,875
Migrants	6,740
Internal migrants	5,935
Intraprovincial migrants	5,615
Interprovincial migrants	325
External migrants	800
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	26,960
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,620
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	23,345
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,750
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	740
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	16,010
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	26,960
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,315
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,305
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,340
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,745
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,600
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	645
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	950
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	5,650
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	495
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,595
Bachelor's degree	5,535
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	490
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	335
Master's degree	1,830
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	400
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,755
No certificate, diploma or degree	625
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,575
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,555
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,615
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	975
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	385
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	590
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,270
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	365
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,940
Bachelor's degree	4,375
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	375
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	275
Master's degree	1,565
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	355
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	26,960
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	10,620
Education	1,190
13. Education	1,190
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	415
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25
50. Visual and performing arts	390
Humanities	595
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	85
23. English language and literature/letters	115
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	140
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30
39. Theology and religious vocations	65
54. History	95
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	55
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,870
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	235
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	325
22. Legal professions and studies	200
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20
42. Psychology	440
45. Social sciences	640
Business, management and public administration	3,170
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	310
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,860
Physical and life sciences and technologies	680
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	300
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	175
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10
40. Physical sciences	130
41. Science technologies/technicians	60
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	635
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	480
25. Library science	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	105
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,745
04. Architecture and related services	120
14. Engineering	1,200
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	685
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	485
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	505
48. Precision production	755
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	175
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	135
03. Natural resources and conservation	35
Health and related fields	3,065
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	245
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,740
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	75
Personal, protective and transportation services	790
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	385
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	300
49. Transportation and materials moving	105
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	16,755
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	4,205
Education	865
13. Education	865
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	305
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10
50. Visual and performing arts	290
Humanities	390
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	65
23. English language and literature/letters	75
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	105
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	20
54. History	60
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,515
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	215
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	280
22. Legal professions and studies	170
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15
42. Psychology	345
45. Social sciences	480
Business, management and public administration	2,580
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	275
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,295
Physical and life sciences and technologies	480
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	195
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	130
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10
40. Physical sciences	105
41. Science technologies/technicians	45
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	520
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	410
25. Library science	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	70
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,780
04. Architecture and related services	100
14. Engineering	1,040
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	495
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	300
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	285
48. Precision production	560
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	140
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	110
03. Natural resources and conservation	30
Health and related fields	2,355
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	165
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,110
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	65
Personal, protective and transportation services	625
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	305
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	245
49. Transportation and materials moving	70
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	16,755
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,205
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	12,550
Location of study inside Canada	10,275
Same as province or territory of residence	9,970
Different than province or territory of residence	310
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,275
Americas	1,135
United States of America	1,060
Mexico	15
Cuba	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	10
Brazil	20
Colombia	0
Peru	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other locations of study in Americas	15
Europe	315
Belgium	0
France	20
Germany	10
Netherlands	10
Switzerland	0
Hungary	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	50
Romania	60
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	80
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Italy	20
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Other locations of study in Europe	45
Africa	100
Nigeria	25
Algeria	0
Morocco	0
Tunisia	0
Egypt	15
South Africa, Republic of	15
Other locations of study in Africa	40
Asia	690
Iran⁸⁸	15
Iraq	35
Israel	0
Lebanon	25
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	115
Taiwan	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Japan	0
Korea, South⁹²	65
Philippines	60
Viet Nam	0
Bangladesh	0
Sri Lanka	10
India	210
Pakistan	80
Other locations of study in Asia	50
Oceania	30
Australia	30
New Zealand	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	26,960
In the labour force	16,770
Employed	14,535
Unemployed	2,230
Not in the labour force	10,190
Participation rate	62.2
Employment rate	53.9
Unemployment rate	13.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	26,960
Did not work¹⁸⁶	9,940
Worked	17,025
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	9,345
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	7,675
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	16,770
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	365
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	16,400
Employee	14,350
Permanent position	12,545
Temporary position	1,810
Fixed term (1 year or more)	630
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,180
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,055
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	16,770
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	365
All occupations¹⁹¹	16,400
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	255
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,545
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,840
3 Health occupations	1,930
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,220
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	360
6 Sales and service occupations	3,415
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,295
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	265
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,280
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	16,770
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	365
All industries¹⁹¹	16,400
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	200
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	90
22 Utilities	90
23 Construction	850
31-33 Manufacturing	3,090
41 Wholesale trade	365
44-45 Retail trade	1,600
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	605
51 Information and cultural industries	125
52 Finance and insurance	610
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	245
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,165
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	480
61 Educational services	1,745
62 Health care and social assistance	2,525
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	365
72 Accommodation and food services	850
81 Other services (except public administration)	530
91 Public administration	860
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	18,100
English	17,460
French	95
Non-official language	30
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	30
English and French	250
English and non-official language(s)	255
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10
Multiple non-official languages	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	18,100
Single responses	18,030
Official languages	17,960
English	17,795
French	165
Non-official languages	65
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	65
Afro-Asiatic languages	20
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	20
Amharic	0
Arabic	20
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	15
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20
Chinese languages	20
Hakka	0
Mandarin	10
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	75
English and French	30
English and non-official language(s)	40
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	18,100
None	17,650
English	115
French	150
Non-official language	160
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	160
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	25
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	14,535
Worked at home	2,990
Worked outside Canada	955
No fixed workplace address	1,395
Usual place of work	9,200
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	9,195
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,680
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	7,370
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	135
Commute to a different province or territory	15
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	10,590
Car, truck or van	10,240
Car, truck or van - as a driver	9,730
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	510
Public transit	20
Walked	145
Bicycle	40
Other method	145
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	10,590
Less than 15 minutes	3,285
15 to 29 minutes	6,090
30 to 44 minutes	880
45 to 59 minutes	195
60 minutes and over	140
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	10,590
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	740
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,830
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,770
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,385
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,195
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,675
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	7,060
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,415
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,650
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	5,435
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,115
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	820
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	295
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,325

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed January 15, 2026).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2025-12-10

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Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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