Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Port Coquitlam, City (CY)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	61,498
Population, 2016¹	58,612
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	4.9
Total private dwellings²	23,671
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	22,884
Population density per square kilometre	2,108.7
Land area in square kilometres	29.16
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	61,500
0 to 14 years	9,625
0 to 4 years	2,950
5 to 9 years	3,245
10 to 14 years	3,430
15 to 64 years	42,215
15 to 19 years	3,470
20 to 24 years	3,550
25 to 29 years	3,740
30 to 34 years	4,270
35 to 39 years	4,600
40 to 44 years	4,455
45 to 49 years	4,250
50 to 54 years	4,640
55 to 59 years	4,935
60 to 64 years	4,310
65 years and over	9,660
65 to 69 years	3,345
70 to 74 years	2,490
75 to 79 years	1,615
80 to 84 years	1,095
85 years and over	1,115
85 to 89 years	690
90 to 94 years	330
95 to 99 years	75
100 years and over	10
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.7
15 to 64 years	68.6
65 years and over	15.7
85 years and over	1.8
Average age of the population	41.3
Median age of the population	41.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	22,885
Single-detached house	8,390
Semi-detached house	855
Row house	3,690
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,470
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,075
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	405
Other single-attached house	5
Movable dwelling⁴	0
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	22,880
1 person	5,195
2 persons	7,255
3 persons	4,295
4 persons	4,065
5 or more persons	2,070
Number of persons in private households	60,390
Average household size	2.6
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	51,875
Married or living common-law	30,770
Married	26,290
Living common-law	4,480
Living common law - Never married	3,290
Living common law - Separated	205
Living common law - Divorced	915
Living common law - Widowed	75
Not married and not living common-law	21,100
Not married and not living common law - Never married	14,245
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,335
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,170
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,355
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	17,770
2 persons	8,185
3 persons	4,375
4 persons	4,090
5 or more persons	1,115
Average size of census families	2.9
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	17,770
Total couple families	15,010
Married couples	12,770
With children⁶	7,815
Without children	4,950
Common-law couples	2,240
With children⁶	755
Without children	1,485
Total one-parent families	2,760
in which the parent is a woman+	2,135
in which the parent is a man+	630
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	60,395
Total - Persons in census families	51,720
Married spouses or common-law partners	30,020
Parents in one-parent families	2,760
Children⁶	18,940
In a two-parent family	14,935
In a one-parent family	4,005
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	8,670
Living alone	5,200
Living with other relatives⁷	1,520
Living with non-relatives only	1,955
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	22,885
One-census-family households without additional persons	14,795
Couple-family households	12,700
With children⁶	7,335
Without children	5,370
One-parent-family households	2,090
Multigenerational households⁸	950
Multiple-census-family households⁹	280
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	945
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	720
One-person households	5,195
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	50,770
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	49,085
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	49,105
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	44,595
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	37,240
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	39,570
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,465
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,330
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	50,770
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	48,985
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,150
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	49,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	44,605
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	37,240
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,450
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	39,395
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,500
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,680
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,105
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,030
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	50,765
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	19,140
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	68,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	76,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	13,685
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	73.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	50,770
Without total income	1,680
With total income	49,090
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,610
$10,000 to $19,999	5,180
$20,000 to $29,999	6,665
$30,000 to $39,999	5,635
$40,000 to $49,999	5,240
$50,000 to $59,999	4,740
$60,000 to $69,999	3,885
$70,000 to $79,999	3,065
$80,000 to $89,999	2,460
$90,000 to $99,999	1,965
$100,000 and over	5,645
$100,000 to $149,999	4,105
$150,000 and over	1,535
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	50,770
Without after-tax income	1,665
With after-tax income	49,105
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,725
$10,000 to $19,999	5,375
$20,000 to $29,999	7,505
$30,000 to $39,999	6,680
$40,000 to $49,999	6,370
$50,000 to $59,999	5,165
$60,000 to $69,999	3,980
$70,000 to $79,999	2,950
$80,000 to $89,999	2,195
$90,000 to $99,999	1,370
$100,000 and over	2,790
$100,000 to $124,999	1,620
$125,000 and over	1,175
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	50,770
Without employment income	13,530
With employment income	37,240
Under $5,000 (including loss)	4,445
$5,000 to $9,999	2,700
$10,000 to $19,999	3,765
$20,000 to $29,999	2,995
$30,000 to $39,999	3,025
$40,000 to $49,999	3,275
$50,000 to $59,999	3,430
$60,000 to $69,999	2,855
$70,000 to $79,999	2,425
$80,000 to $89,999	2,015
$90,000 to $99,999	1,670
$100,000 and over	4,625
$100,000 to $124,999	2,410
$125,000 and over	2,215
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	50,770
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	47,720
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	47,830
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	44,145
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	38,070
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	30,630
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,955
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,160
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	50,770
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	47,750
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	47,840
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	44,305
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	38,170
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30,345
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,630
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,835
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,290
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	50,765
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	19,070
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	12,955
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,040
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	90.6
Employment income (%)	79.4
Government transfers (%)	9.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	22,880
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	102,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	89,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	5,195
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,400
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,800
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	17,685
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	120,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	22,880
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	116,000
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	99,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	5,190
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	57,600
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,160
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	17,695
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	133,000
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,600
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	22,885
Under $5,000	205
$5,000 to $9,999	90
$10,000 to $14,999	125
$15,000 to $19,999	315
$20,000 to $24,999	585
$25,000 to $29,999	510
$30,000 to $34,999	525
$35,000 to $39,999	615
$40,000 to $44,999	620
$45,000 to $49,999	695
$50,000 to $59,999	1,415
$60,000 to $69,999	1,465
$70,000 to $79,999	1,370
$80,000 to $89,999	1,325
$90,000 to $99,999	1,335
$100,000 and over	11,685
$100,000 to $124,999	3,070
$125,000 to $149,999	2,535
$150,000 to $199,999	3,365
$200,000 and over	2,710
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	22,885
Under $5,000	230
$5,000 to $9,999	100
$10,000 to $14,999	125
$15,000 to $19,999	340
$20,000 to $24,999	600
$25,000 to $29,999	570
$30,000 to $34,999	630
$35,000 to $39,999	700
$40,000 to $44,999	730
$45,000 to $49,999	895
$50,000 to $59,999	1,700
$60,000 to $69,999	1,650
$70,000 to $79,999	1,670
$80,000 to $89,999	1,595
$90,000 to $99,999	1,510
$100,000 and over	9,830
$100,000 to $124,999	3,430
$125,000 to $149,999	2,475
$150,000 and over	3,930
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	17,270
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	119,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,000
Average family size of economic families	3.1
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	5,600
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	8,585
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,525
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	7,150
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	17,295
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	131,400
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,200
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,670
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	111,700
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,560
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	158,000
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,000
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,530
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	85,900
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,100
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	7,090
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	53,550
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	60,390
0 to 17 years	11,705
0 to 5 years	3,605
18 to 64 years	39,685
65 years and over	9,005
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,465
0 to 17 years	990
0 to 5 years	275
18 to 64 years	2,390
65 years and over	1,085
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.4
0 to 17 years (%)	8.5
0 to 5 years (%)	7.7
18 to 64 years (%)	6.0
65 years and over (%)	12.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	60,395
0 to 17 years	11,700
0 to 5 years	3,610
18 to 64 years	39,680
65 years and over	9,005
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,770
0 to 17 years	525
0 to 5 years	140
18 to 64 years	1,805
65 years and over	440
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.6
0 to 17 years (%)	4.5
0 to 5 years (%)	3.9
18 to 64 years (%)	4.6
65 years and over (%)	4.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	60,390
In bottom half of the distribution	23,550
In bottom decile	4,100
In second decile	4,175
In third decile	4,705
In fourth decile	4,880
In fifth decile	5,695
In top half of the distribution	36,835
In sixth decile	6,410
In seventh decile	7,050
In eighth decile	7,860
In ninth decile	8,560
In top decile	6,955
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	60,395
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.287
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.375
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.258
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	60,645
English only	54,935
French only	50
English and French	3,980
Neither English nor French	1,680
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	60,645
English	58,000
French	635
English and French	365
Neither English nor French	1,650
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	60,645
Single responses	57,970
Official languages	38,410
English	37,840
French	565
Non-official languages	19,555
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	19,560
Afro-Asiatic languages	610
Berber languages	5
Kabyle	5
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	10
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	595
Amharic	25
Arabic	490
Aramaic languages	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	30
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	40
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	385
Khmer (Cambodian)	50
Vietnamese	330
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	1,785
Bikol	10
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25
Cebuano	85
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	25
Ilocano	85
Indonesian	75
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5
Pangasinan	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,435
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10
Creole languages	20
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	15
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	150
Kannada	5
Malayalam	30
Tamil	85
Telugu	30
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	9,230
Albanian	35
Armenian	15
Balto-Slavic languages	2,330
Baltic languages	20
Latvian	15
Lithuanian	10
Slavic languages	2,305
Belarusian	5
Bulgarian	100
Czech	115
Macedonian	10
Polish	625
Russian	935
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	310
Bosnian	35
Croatian	140
Serbian	120
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10
Slovak	100
Slovene (Slovenian)	5
Ukrainian	100
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	615
Frisian	0
High German languages	370
German	355
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	10
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	180
Afrikaans	60
Dutch	110
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	5
Scandinavian languages	70
Danish	25
Icelandic	10
Norwegian	10
Swedish	25
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	65
Indo-Iranian languages	3,800
Indo-Aryan languages	1,765
Assamese	0
Bengali	45
Gujarati	185
Hindi	320
Kacchi	25
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	5
Marathi	25
Nepali	15
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	960
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40
Urdu	130
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5
Iranian languages	2,035
Baluchi	10
Kurdish	170
Parsi	5
Pashto	15
Persian languages	1,840
Dari	290
Iranian Persian	1,335
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	215
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,375
Catalan	5
Italian	355
Portuguese	425
Romanian	480
Spanish	1,110
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	295
Korean	1,565
Mongolian	5
Niger-Congo languages	120
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	20
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20
Lingala	5
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25
Shona	5
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	20
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20
Nilo-Saharan languages	5
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	25
American Sign Language	30
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,000
Chinese languages	4,985
Hakka	50
Mandarin	2,075
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	110
Wu (Shanghainese)	25
Yue (Cantonese)	2,705
Chinese, n.o.s.	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15
Burmese	10
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	45
Lao	5
Thai	45
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	95
Azerbaijani	15
Kazakh	0
Turkish	80
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5
Uralic languages	210
Estonian	10
Finnish	50
Hungarian	150
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	2,685
English and French	215
English and non-official language(s)	2,120
French and non-official language(s)	60
English, French and non-official language(s)	70
Multiple non-official languages	220
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	60,645
English	40,005
French	135
Non-official language	5,990
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	5,990
English and French	535
English and non-official language(s)	13,100
French and non-official language(s)	40
English, French and non-official language(s)	395
Multiple non-official languages	440
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	60,645
Single responses	57,775
Official languages	46,215
English	45,985
French	230
Non-official languages	11,560
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,555
Afro-Asiatic languages	380
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	5
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	375
Amharic	10
Arabic	325
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	20
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	215
Khmer (Cambodian)	25
Vietnamese	190
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	905
Bikol	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	45
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	10
Ilocano	25
Indonesian	25
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	775
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10
Creole languages	10
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	75
Kannada	0
Malayalam	15
Tamil	40
Telugu	20
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	4,875
Albanian	10
Armenian	10
Balto-Slavic languages	1,310
Baltic languages	5
Latvian	5
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	1,305
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	45
Czech	35
Macedonian	5
Polish	315
Russian	715
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	115
Bosnian	10
Croatian	40
Serbian	70
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	40
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	40
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	60
Frisian	0
High German languages	35
German	35
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25
Afrikaans	20
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	5
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	15
Indo-Iranian languages	2,385
Indo-Aryan languages	1,025
Assamese	0
Bengali	20
Gujarati	100
Hindi	135
Kacchi	5
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	10
Nepali	10
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	630
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15
Urdu	95
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5
Iranian languages	1,360
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	105
Parsi	0
Pashto	10
Persian languages	1,235
Dari	185
Iranian Persian	910
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	140
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,085
Catalan	0
Italian	55
Portuguese	240
Romanian	240
Spanish	555
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	145
Korean	1,275
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	35
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	5
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	5
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	5
Sign languages	35
American Sign Language	25
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,510
Chinese languages	3,505
Hakka	15
Mandarin	1,590
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35
Wu (Shanghainese)	10
Yue (Cantonese)	1,855
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5
Burmese	5
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10
Lao	5
Thai	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	35
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	35
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	45
Estonian	0
Finnish	5
Hungarian	40
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	2,870
English and French	125
English and non-official language(s)	2,640
French and non-official language(s)	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	20
Multiple non-official languages	75
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	60,645
None	48,520
English	4,690
French	440
Non-official language	5,595
Indigenous³⁹	10
Non-Indigenous	5,590
English and French	60
English and non-official language(s)	510
French and non-official language(s)	220
English, French and non-official language(s)	5
Multiple non-official languages	605
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	60,390
Official languages	58,815
English	58,755
French	4,090
Non-official languages	24,385
Indigenous languages³⁹	30
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	10
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	24,360
Afro-Asiatic languages	930
Berber languages	10
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	920
Amharic	70
Arabic	670
Aramaic languages	15
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	135
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	65
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	435
Khmer (Cambodian)	30
Vietnamese	405
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	2,490
Bikol	70
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30
Cebuano	40
Fijian	10
Hiligaynon	30
Ilocano	145
Indonesian	175
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	85
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	25
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,185
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	75
Creole languages	65
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	35
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	25
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	175
Kannada	0
Malayalam	45
Tamil	100
Telugu	50
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	12,050
Albanian	20
Armenian	30
Balto-Slavic languages	2,955
Baltic languages	20
Latvian	10
Lithuanian	10
Slavic languages	2,955
Belarusian	30
Bulgarian	100
Czech	220
Macedonian	0
Polish	750
Russian	1,430
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	445
Bosnian	25
Croatian	285
Serbian	190
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	125
Slovene (Slovenian)	15
Ukrainian	205
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	15
Irish	10
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	1,005
Frisian	0
High German languages	670
German	660
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	260
Afrikaans	135
Dutch	120
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	100
Danish	35
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	15
Swedish	40
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	120
Indo-Iranian languages	4,935
Indo-Aryan languages	2,610
Assamese	0
Bengali	25
Gujarati	295
Hindi	1,005
Kacchi	90
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	20
Marathi	65
Nepali	55
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,440
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30
Urdu	300
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15
Iranian languages	2,410
Baluchi	45
Kurdish	160
Parsi	0
Pashto	35
Persian languages	2,285
Dari	405
Iranian Persian	1,680
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	235
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,325
Catalan	0
Italian	555
Portuguese	555
Romanian	585
Spanish	1,875
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	685
Korean	1,820
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	275
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	35
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	40
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	80
Lingala	25
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	105
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40
Nilo-Saharan languages	15
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	150
American Sign Language	125
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,805
Chinese languages	5,775
Hakka	75
Mandarin	3,470
Min Dong	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	290
Wu (Shanghainese)	75
Yue (Cantonese)	3,270
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30
Burmese	30
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	70
Lao	15
Thai	65
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	220
Azerbaijani	45
Kazakh	0
Turkish	180
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10
Uralic languages	275
Estonian	0
Finnish	65
Hungarian	205
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	60,390
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,795
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,735
First Nations (North American Indian)	845
Métis	865
Inuk (Inuit)	15
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	35
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	25
Non-Indigenous identity	58,600
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	60,390
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	490
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	59,900
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	22,880
Owner	17,645
Renter	5,235
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	22,880
Condominium	6,420
Not condominium	16,465
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	22,880
No bedrooms	100
1 bedroom	3,110
2 bedrooms	5,745
3 bedrooms	6,965
4 or more bedrooms	6,960
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	22,880
1 to 4 rooms	7,855
5 rooms	3,245
6 rooms	2,880
7 rooms	2,660
8 or more rooms	6,250
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.0
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	22,880
One person or fewer per room	22,220
More than one person per room	665
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	22,880
Suitable	21,575
Not suitable	1,310
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	22,880
1960 or before	1,155
1961 to 1980	6,370
1981 to 1990	3,765
1991 to 2000	5,550
2001 to 2005	1,270
2006 to 2010	1,665
2011 to 2015	1,485
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,630
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	22,880
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	21,860
Major repairs needed	1,025
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	22,880
One-maintainer household	10,070
Two-maintainer household	11,255
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,560
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	22,880
15 to 24 years	205
25 to 34 years	2,690
35 to 44 years	4,420
45 to 54 years	4,950
55 to 64 years	5,320
65 to 74 years	3,330
75 to 84 years	1,470
85 years and over	500
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	22,810
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	17,790
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,025
30% to less than 100%	4,515
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	22,885
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	6,820
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,550
Not suitable only	1,030
Major repairs needed only	710
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	215
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	245
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	60
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10
Acceptable housing	16,065
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	22,305
In core need	2,920
Not in core need	19,385
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	17,630
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	66.5
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	18.1
% in core housing need⁶³	8.6
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,660
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,748
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	900,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	914,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,235
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	14.7
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.1
% in core housing need⁶³	28.7
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,450
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,536
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	60,390
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	370
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	350
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	225
Métis single ancestry	120
Inuit single ancestry	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,545
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,505
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	975
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	515
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	45
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	58,475
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	60,395
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	55,075
Canadian citizens aged under 18	11,085
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	43,990
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,315
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	60,395
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	38,650
Immigrants⁸¹	20,765
Before 1980	3,085
1980 to 1990	2,475
1991 to 2000	5,290
2001 to 2010	5,080
2011 to 2021⁸²	4,830
2011 to 2015	2,700
2016 to 2021	2,135
Non-permanent residents⁸³	975
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	20,765
Under 5 years	1,850
5 to 14 years	3,355
15 to 24 years	3,530
25 to 44 years	10,075
45 years and over	1,955
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	20,765
Americas	1,570
Brazil	140
Colombia	130
El Salvador	115
Guyana	25
Haiti	10
Jamaica	120
Mexico	160
Peru	65
Trinidad and Tobago	80
United States of America	420
Other places of birth in Americas	305
Europe	5,000
Bosnia and Herzegovina	50
Croatia	110
France	80
Germany	285
Greece	45
Hungary	85
Italy	160
Netherlands	120
Poland	565
Portugal	165
Romania	485
Russian Federation	370
Serbia⁸⁶	90
Ukraine	230
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,240
Other places of birth in Europe	925
Africa	1,045
Algeria	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	30
Egypt	75
Eritrea	65
Ethiopia	65
Morocco	25
Nigeria	55
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	295
Other places of birth in Africa	420
Asia	12,805
Afghanistan	320
Iran⁸⁸	1,500
Iraq	270
Lebanon	50
Syria⁸⁹	85
Turkey	45
China⁹⁰	2,055
Hong Kong⁹¹	1,225
Korea, South⁹²	1,280
Taiwan	465
Philippines	2,185
Viet Nam	420
Bangladesh	0
India	1,285
Pakistan	235
Sri Lanka	50
Other places of birth in Asia	1,320
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	355
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,130
Americas	180
Brazil	90
Colombia	10
Haiti	0
Jamaica	20
Mexico	15
United States of America	45
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0
Europe	235
France	25
Germany	10
Ireland⁹⁶	0
Italy	15
Russian Federation	45
Ukraine	30
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40
Other places of birth in Europe	80
Africa	190
Algeria	0
Burundi	15
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	45
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	0
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	30
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	70
Asia	1,495
Afghanistan	60
Bangladesh	0
China⁹⁰	285
Hong Kong⁹¹	35
India	235
Iran⁸⁸	140
Iraq	25
Israel	0
Japan	15
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	170
Lebanon	0
Nepal	15
Pakistan	50
Philippines	265
Saudi Arabia	30
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	40
Turkey	15
United Arab Emirates	0
Viet Nam	25
Other places of birth in Asia	85
Oceania and other⁹³	35
Australia	25
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	60,390
First generation¹⁰⁰	22,320
Second generation¹⁰¹	14,755
Third generation or more¹⁰²	23,315
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	17,680
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	10,610
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	4,300
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	6,310
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	4,400
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,505
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	165
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	17,680
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	635
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,775
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	625
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	880
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	50
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	13,715
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	60,390
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	23,960
South Asian	3,490
Chinese	7,075
Black	1,235
Filipino	3,060
Arab	605
Latin American	1,155
Southeast Asian	880
West Asian	2,355
Korean	1,910
Japanese	775
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	310
Multiple visible minorities	1,115
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	36,430
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	60,395
Canadian	6,120
English	11,240
Irish	6,985
Scottish	9,045
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,140
German	5,270
Chinese	6,820
Italian	2,890
Indian (India)	2,230
Ukrainian	2,485
Dutch	1,755
Polish	1,920
Québécois	25
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,885
Filipino	3,005
French Canadian	520
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	950
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	570
Métis	705
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,400
Russian	1,775
Norwegian	1,400
Welsh	1,110
Portuguese	735
American	620
Spanish	990
Swedish	1,090
Hungarian	645
Acadian	40
Pakistani	220
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	395
Jewish	420
Punjabi	270
Vietnamese	670
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	255
Greek	300
Jamaican	195
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	720
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	180
Korean	1,800
Romanian	715
Lebanese	120
Iranian	1,450
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	310
Danish	560
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	185
Sikh	420
Austrian	400
Belgian	200
Haitian	25
Hindu	195
Mexican	250
Mennonite	95
Swiss	235
Finnish	540
Sri Lankan	85
Croatian	505
Japanese	985
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	160
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	10
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	360
Muslim	70
Egyptian	100
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	180
Tamil	45
Icelandic	260
Colombian	145
Moroccan	35
Czech	345
Syrian	110
Guyanese	45
Afghan	490
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	160
Serbian	215
Ojibway	65
Newfoundlander	15
Hong Konger	565
Ontarian	45
Persian	590
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	60
Turkish	145
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	20
Bangladeshi	0
Algerian	20
Brazilian	195
Nigerian	35
Armenian	105
Slovak	180
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	250
Somali	0
Taiwanese	390
Iraqi	170
Salvadorean	170
African Caribbean	60
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	190
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	175
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	55
Algonquin	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	25
Lithuanian	60
South African	250
Australian	195
Palestinian	0
Chilean	130
Congolese	60
Nova Scotian	0
Ethiopian	95
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	90
Peruvian	95
Yoruba	25
Cambodian (Khmer)	30
Berber	0
Albanian	55
Maltese	15
Macedonian	0
Slovenian	55
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	170
New Brunswicker	10
Gujarati	15
Eritrean	55
African Canadian	25
Israeli	60
Mohawk	35
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	65
Bulgarian	110
Albertan	55
Ghanaian	30
Barbadian	50
African American	60
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	115
Tunisian	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	85
Cuban	45
Bosnian	60
Venezuelan	15
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	55
Bengali	0
Cameroonian	0
Guatemalan	45
Indonesian	115
Laotian	20
Ilocano	85
Northern Irish	60
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	40
British Columbian	350
Ecuadorian	10
Franco Ontarian	0
Argentinian	55
Estonian	35
Kurdish	160
Fijian	200
Jatt	35
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	25
Coptic	0
Thai	75
Dominican	45
Nepali	35
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	0
Igbo	0
Byelorussian	115
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	85
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0
New Zealander	90
Sudanese	10
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0
Malaysian	75
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	30
Buddhist	10
Gaspesian	0
Norman	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	30
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0
Burundian	20
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	40
Mauritian	15
Kenyan	45
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	0
Manitoban	15
Cape Bretoner	0
Rwandan	90
Grenadian	0
Malayali	25
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	35
Mayan	10
Honduran	25
Cherokee	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	0
Flemish	30
United Empire Loyalist	0
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	0
Sicilian	10
Pashtun	0
Malay	35
Goan	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	0
Burmese	0
Mongolian	45
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	20
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	20
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	20
Uruguayan	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15
Igorot	0
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	0
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	20
Roma	10
Costa Rican	20
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	15
Singaporean	90
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	50
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	60,390
Buddhist	855
Christian	23,980
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,925
Anabaptist	160
Anglican	1,235
Baptist	835
Catholic	9,835
Christian Orthodox	1,340
Jehovah's Witness	295
Latter Day Saints	145
Lutheran	670
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	135
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	550
Presbyterian	365
Reformed	55
United Church	1,385
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,050
Hindu	755
Jewish	300
Muslim	2,590
Sikh	1,335
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	45
Other religions and spiritual traditions	700
No religion and secular perspectives	29,825
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	59,890
Non-movers	54,155
Movers	5,730
Non-migrants	2,365
Migrants	3,365
Internal migrants	2,940
Intraprovincial migrants	2,585
Interprovincial migrants	350
External migrants	425
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	57,385
Non-movers	36,435
Movers	20,945
Non-migrants	5,355
Migrants	15,595
Internal migrants	13,325
Intraprovincial migrants	11,815
Interprovincial migrants	1,510
External migrants	2,270
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	50,765
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,905
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	43,865
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	34,650
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,790
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	31,865
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	50,770
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,020
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	15,490
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	29,255
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15,860
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,410
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,895
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,520
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,695
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,755
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,395
Bachelor's degree	9,065
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,185
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	305
Master's degree	2,485
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	355
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	34,650
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,260
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,790
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	23,600
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	12,005
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,215
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,345
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,875
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	7,420
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,370
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,590
Bachelor's degree	7,795
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,025
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	245
Master's degree	2,215
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	315
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	50,770
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	21,510
Education	1,765
13. Education	1,765
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,210
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	180
50. Visual and performing arts	1,035
Humanities	1,560
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	280
23. English language and literature/letters	320
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	570
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	40
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35
39. Theology and religious vocations	105
54. History	170
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,540
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	365
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	610
22. Legal professions and studies	520
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	60
42. Psychology	640
45. Social sciences	1,330
Business, management and public administration	5,945
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	235
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,710
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,305
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	470
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	380
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15
40. Physical sciences	380
41. Science technologies/technicians	65
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,480
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,260
25. Library science	65
27. Mathematics and statistics	150
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,430
04. Architecture and related services	165
14. Engineering	1,795
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,290
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	1,560
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,050
48. Precision production	565
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	440
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	320
03. Natural resources and conservation	125
Health and related fields	4,115
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	350
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,695
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	55
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,455
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	930
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15
43. Security and protective services	170
49. Transportation and materials moving	340
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	34,655
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	11,050
Education	1,370
13. Education	1,370
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,035
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	135
50. Visual and performing arts	900
Humanities	1,245
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	210
23. English language and literature/letters	260
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	460
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30
39. Theology and religious vocations	75
54. History	140
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,045
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	335
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	470
22. Legal professions and studies	465
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	55
42. Psychology	560
45. Social sciences	1,145
Business, management and public administration	4,830
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	205
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,625
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,010
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	395
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	260
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10
40. Physical sciences	310
41. Science technologies/technicians	40
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,295
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,140
25. Library science	45
27. Mathematics and statistics	95
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,030
04. Architecture and related services	145
14. Engineering	1,485
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	955
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	1,175
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	840
48. Precision production	420
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	350
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	250
03. Natural resources and conservation	100
Health and related fields	3,300
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	300
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,950
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	45
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,080
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	675
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	145
49. Transportation and materials moving	250
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	34,655
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,050
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	23,595
Location of study inside Canada	16,945
Same as province or territory of residence	14,615
Different than province or territory of residence	2,325
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	6,655
Americas	980
United States of America	570
Mexico	95
Cuba	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Brazil	140
Colombia	90
Peru	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other locations of study in Americas	70
Europe	1,555
Belgium	0
France	50
Germany	45
Netherlands	15
Switzerland	10
Hungary	40
Moldova¹⁸³	50
Poland	120
Romania	200
Russian Federation	250
Ukraine	105
Ireland⁹⁶	30
United Kingdom⁸⁷	305
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Italy	25
Serbia⁸⁶	15
Other locations of study in Europe	270
Africa	170
Nigeria	20
Algeria	0
Morocco	15
Tunisia	0
Egypt	15
South Africa, Republic of	90
Other locations of study in Africa	30
Asia	3,805
Iran⁸⁸	425
Iraq	50
Israel	30
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	35
China⁹⁰	620
Taiwan	120
Hong Kong⁹¹	120
Japan	120
Korea, South⁹²	615
Philippines	885
Viet Nam	30
Bangladesh	0
Sri Lanka	0
India	360
Pakistan	50
Other locations of study in Asia	315
Oceania	150
Australia	95
New Zealand	35
Other locations of study in Oceania	25
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	50,770
In the labour force	34,665
Employed	31,860
Unemployed	2,805
Not in the labour force	16,105
Participation rate	68.3
Employment rate	62.8
Unemployment rate	8.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	50,770
Did not work¹⁸⁶	16,600
Worked	34,165
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	19,585
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	14,585
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	34,665
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	730
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	33,935
Employee	29,250
Permanent position	25,485
Temporary position	3,770
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,120
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,650
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,685
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	34,665
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	730
All occupations¹⁹¹	33,935
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	345
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,245
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,045
3 Health occupations	2,425
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,110
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,355
6 Sales and service occupations	8,150
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,590
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	430
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,250
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	34,665
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	730
All industries¹⁹¹	33,935
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	215
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	90
22 Utilities	300
23 Construction	3,630
31-33 Manufacturing	2,395
41 Wholesale trade	1,615
44-45 Retail trade	3,655
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,815
51 Information and cultural industries	1,055
52 Finance and insurance	1,460
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	645
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,805
55 Management of companies and enterprises	75
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,320
61 Educational services	2,490
62 Health care and social assistance	4,205
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	845
72 Accommodation and food services	2,020
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,470
91 Public administration	1,855
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	36,700
English	34,070
French	40
Non-official language	475
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	475
English and French	280
English and non-official language(s)	1,790
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25
Multiple non-official languages	20
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	36,700
Single responses	36,355
Official languages	35,370
English	35,260
French	115
Non-official languages	985
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	985
Afro-Asiatic languages	20
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	20
Amharic	0
Arabic	20
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	10
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	275
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	20
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	20
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	10
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	155
Indo-Aryan languages	75
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	75
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	80
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	75
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	60
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	100
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	90
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	35
Korean	210
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	20
American Sign Language	20
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	390
Chinese languages	390
Hakka	0
Mandarin	235
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	140
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	345
English and French	45
English and non-official language(s)	275
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	20
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	36,700
None	34,885
English	540
French	160
Non-official language	920
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	920
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	35
French and non-official language(s)	25
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	135
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	31,860
Worked at home	6,690
Worked outside Canada	80
No fixed workplace address	5,070
Usual place of work	20,030
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	20,030
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	5,725
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	13,945
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	305
Commute to a different province or territory	55
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	25,095
Car, truck or van	21,555
Car, truck or van - as a driver	19,850
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,700
Public transit	2,005
Walked	800
Bicycle	240
Other method	500
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	25,095
Less than 15 minutes	6,165
15 to 29 minutes	7,260
30 to 44 minutes	5,860
45 to 59 minutes	3,280
60 minutes and over	2,535
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	25,095
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,020
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,770
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	6,120
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	4,805
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,720
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,660
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	11,945
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	715
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,225
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	8,760
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	555
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	345
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	210
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,205

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed March 8, 2026).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2025-12-10

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Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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