Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Esquimalt, District municipality (DM)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	17,533	...	...
Population, 2016¹	17,655	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 0.7	...	...
Total private dwellings²	8,995	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	8,565	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,476.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	7.08	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	17,530	8,810	8,720
0 to 14 years	2,135	1,130	1,005
0 to 4 years	735	390	350
5 to 9 years	765	385	380
10 to 14 years	635	350	280
15 to 64 years	11,765	6,045	5,725
15 to 19 years	640	335	300
20 to 24 years	865	460	405
25 to 29 years	1,310	705	605
30 to 34 years	1,480	775	700
35 to 39 years	1,430	740	690
40 to 44 years	1,315	685	625
45 to 49 years	1,015	510	505
50 to 54 years	1,095	560	535
55 to 59 years	1,335	635	695
60 to 64 years	1,290	640	655
65 years and over	3,625	1,635	1,990
65 to 69 years	1,225	565	655
70 to 74 years	1,005	465	540
75 to 79 years	615	290	325
80 to 84 years	390	175	215
85 years and over	390	140	250
85 to 89 years	220	90	130
90 to 94 years	135	40	95
95 to 99 years	30	10	20
100 years and over	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.2	12.8	11.5
15 to 64 years	67.1	68.6	65.7
65 years and over	20.7	18.6	22.8
85 years and over	2.2	1.6	2.9
Average age of the population	44.1	42.8	45.4
Median age of the population	43.2	41.6	45.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	8,565	...	...
Single-detached house	1,990	...	...
Semi-detached house	680	...	...
Row house	420	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	900	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,970	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	590	...	...
Other single-attached house	15	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	8,565	...	...
1 person	3,325	...	...
2 persons	3,200	...	...
3 persons	1,040	...	...
4 persons	690	...	...
5 or more persons	310	...	...
Number of persons in private households	17,290	8,675	8,615
Average household size	2.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	15,395	7,680	7,710
Married or living common-law	8,055	4,015	4,035
Married	5,695	2,850	2,845
Living common-law	2,355	1,170	1,185
Living common law - Never married	1,765	870	895
Living common law - Separated	85	50	30
Living common law - Divorced	460	225	235
Living common law - Widowed	50	20	30
Not married and not living common-law	7,345	3,665	3,680
Not married and not living common law - Never married	4,650	2,700	1,955
Not married and not living common law - Separated	480	230	255
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,495	580	915
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	715	155	555
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	4,690	...	...
2 persons	3,000	...	...
3 persons	870	...	...
4 persons	650	...	...
5 or more persons	170	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	4,690	...	...
Total couple families	3,945	...	...
Married couples	2,765	...	...
With children⁶	1,190	...	...
Without children	1,575	...	...
Common-law couples	1,175	...	...
With children⁶	295	...	...
Without children	880	...	...
Total one-parent families	750	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	565	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	180	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	17,290	8,670	8,615
Total - Persons in census families	12,100	6,020	6,075
Married spouses or common-law partners	7,890	3,920	3,965
Parents in one-parent families	745	185	565
Children⁶	3,465	1,920	1,545
In a two-parent family	2,475	1,350	1,120
In a one-parent family	995	575	420
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	5,190	2,655	2,540
Living alone	3,320	1,600	1,725
Living with other relatives⁷	395	190	200
Living with non-relatives only	1,475	865	615
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	8,565	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	4,165	...	...
Couple-family households	3,555	...	...
With children⁶	1,315	...	...
Without children	2,240	...	...
One-parent-family households	610	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	100	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	45	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	300	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	635	...	...
One-person households	3,320	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	15,150	7,545	7,610
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,815	7,355	7,455
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	49,200	40,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,815	7,355	7,455
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	44,400	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,385	6,690	6,695
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	46,800	34,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,835	5,605	5,235
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	48,400	36,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,405	5,855	6,550
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	8,700	11,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,260	605	655
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,645	1,750	1,895
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	15,150	7,545	7,610
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,810	7,370	7,440
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,550	56,050	47,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,810	7,370	7,440
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,760	48,160	41,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,400	6,680	6,720
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,000	53,200	40,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,835	5,605	5,225
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,840	52,400	42,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,365	5,855	6,510
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,850	9,900	11,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,250	590	660
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,740	5,760	7,620
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,665	1,800	1,860
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,030	8,980	9,080
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	15,155	7,545	7,605
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,375	3,000	2,375
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,600	68,000	58,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,500	72,200	63,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,310	2,010	2,300
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,000	22,600	20,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,360	32,400	26,720
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.4	86.0	78.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.8	71.2	64.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.6	14.0	21.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.8	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4	4.7	6.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.3	3.9	4.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	15,155	7,545	7,610
Without total income	340	190	150
With total income	14,810	7,355	7,455
Under $10,000 (including loss)	910	415	490
$10,000 to $19,999	1,415	640	780
$20,000 to $29,999	2,110	895	1,210
$30,000 to $39,999	2,115	910	1,200
$40,000 to $49,999	1,800	860	935
$50,000 to $59,999	1,530	710	820
$60,000 to $69,999	1,265	670	595
$70,000 to $79,999	1,060	640	420
$80,000 to $89,999	820	500	320
$90,000 to $99,999	620	355	260
$100,000 and over	1,175	750	425
$100,000 to $149,999	910	570	345
$150,000 and over	270	185	85
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	15,155	7,545	7,610
Without after-tax income	340	190	150
With after-tax income	14,810	7,355	7,455
Under $10,000 (including loss)	940	430	515
$10,000 to $19,999	1,495	670	820
$20,000 to $29,999	2,420	1,040	1,385
$30,000 to $39,999	2,465	1,110	1,360
$40,000 to $49,999	2,090	980	1,105
$50,000 to $59,999	1,660	850	815
$60,000 to $69,999	1,340	810	530
$70,000 to $79,999	980	590	385
$80,000 to $89,999	580	345	235
$90,000 to $99,999	330	190	135
$100,000 and over	520	350	170
$100,000 to $124,999	305	195	115
$125,000 and over	210	155	60
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	15,155	7,545	7,610
Without employment income	4,315	1,940	2,370
With employment income	10,835	5,600	5,235
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,220	560	660
$5,000 to $9,999	815	365	445
$10,000 to $19,999	1,110	490	625
$20,000 to $29,999	980	455	525
$30,000 to $39,999	1,050	495	555
$40,000 to $49,999	1,075	530	540
$50,000 to $59,999	945	455	495
$60,000 to $69,999	910	510	395
$70,000 to $79,999	735	465	270
$80,000 to $89,999	690	430	260
$90,000 to $99,999	495	305	190
$100,000 and over	815	535	275
$100,000 to $124,999	500	320	180
$125,000 and over	315	210	100
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	15,150	7,545	7,610
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,555	7,210	7,340
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	46,800	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,575	7,215	7,360
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	41,600	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,345	6,650	6,695
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	46,400	34,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	11,355	5,830	5,520
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	45,200	34,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	9,880	4,320	5,560
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,300	6,360	7,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	925	410	515
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,120	4,560	5,520
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	15,150	7,545	7,610
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,520	7,180	7,340
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,360	54,150	44,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,550	7,185	7,360
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,240	45,960	38,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,350	6,645	6,705
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,320	53,300	41,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,365	5,835	5,530
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,200	50,960	41,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,745	4,265	5,480
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,680	8,150	9,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	880	365	515
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,960	6,240	7,480
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	15,155	7,545	7,605
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,330	2,975	2,355
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,800	64,500	55,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,600	68,600	59,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,105	1,890	2,215
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,800	30,800	28,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,840	40,200	32,120
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.2	91.0	84.8
Employment income (%)	73.2	76.4	69.6
Government transfers (%)	11.8	8.9	15.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.6	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	8,565	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	3,320	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	5,245	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	8,565	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	89,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,320	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,150	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	5,240	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	8,565	...	...
Under $5,000	80	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	40	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	65	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	210	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	365	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	285	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	290	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	380	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	335	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	385	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	725	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	700	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	675	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	585	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	570	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,875	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,005	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	620	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	785	...	...
$200,000 and over	460	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	8,565	...	...
Under $5,000	75	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	40	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	65	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	225	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	380	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	340	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	375	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	440	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	420	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	440	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	845	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	820	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	700	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	635	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	525	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,225	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	910	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	595	...	...
$150,000 and over	715	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	4,730	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,345	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	1,485	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	725	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	4,800	2,460	2,340
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,000	44,400	39,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	39,600	36,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	4,715	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,340	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	106,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,495	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	725	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	4,805	2,455	2,340
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,120	50,680	45,440
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,160	44,040	40,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	17,290	8,675	8,615
0 to 17 years	2,530	1,350	1,185
0 to 5 years	920	480	440
18 to 64 years	11,285	5,775	5,515
65 years and over	3,475	1,555	1,915
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,650	780	870
0 to 17 years	230	125	105
0 to 5 years	80	35	45
18 to 64 years	945	470	475
65 years and over	475	190	290
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.6	9.0	10.1
0 to 17 years (%)	9.2	9.2	9.2
0 to 5 years (%)	9.0	8.0	9.6
18 to 64 years (%)	8.4	8.2	8.6
65 years and over (%)	13.7	12.0	15.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	17,290	8,670	8,615
0 to 17 years	2,535	1,345	1,185
0 to 5 years	915	480	440
18 to 64 years	11,280	5,770	5,515
65 years and over	3,470	1,555	1,915
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	795	425	370
0 to 17 years	100	55	45
0 to 5 years	30	15	15
18 to 64 years	620	335	285
65 years and over	75	35	35
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.6	4.9	4.3
0 to 17 years (%)	4.0	3.9	4.0
0 to 5 years (%)	3.0	2.4	4.0
18 to 64 years (%)	5.5	5.8	5.2
65 years and over (%)	2.2	2.4	1.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	17,290	8,675	8,615
In bottom half of the distribution	8,495	4,150	4,345
In bottom decile	1,740	870	870
In second decile	1,540	725	810
In third decile	1,655	805	850
In fourth decile	1,690	830	855
In fifth decile	1,880	920	960
In top half of the distribution	8,795	4,525	4,270
In sixth decile	1,930	980	950
In seventh decile	1,960	1,015	945
In eighth decile	1,775	935	845
In ninth decile	1,820	930	890
In top decile	1,310	665	645
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	17,290	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.288	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.390	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.259	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	17,365	8,725	8,645
English only	14,940	7,550	7,395
French only	10	5	5
English and French	2,315	1,125	1,190
Neither English nor French	100	45	55
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	17,365	8,725	8,645
English	16,645	8,350	8,295
French	560	310	255
English and French	70	30	45
Neither English nor French	95	40	55
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	17,365	8,725	8,645
Single responses	16,865	8,475	8,390
Official languages	15,005	7,595	7,410
English	14,460	7,295	7,160
French	545	295	250
Non-official languages	1,865	880	980
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	5
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	5	0	5
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	5	0	5
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,850	880	975
Afro-Asiatic languages	110	65	45
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	0	5
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	100	60	40
Amharic	5	5	0
Arabic	75	45	25
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	15	5	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	95	45	55
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	10
Vietnamese	75	30	45
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	270	115	155
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5
Cebuano	15	10	10
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5
Ilocano	10	0	10
Indonesian	5	5	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	220	100	125
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Creole languages	5	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	20	15	10
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	15	5	5
Tamil	5	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	950	465	485
Albanian	20	10	10
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	200	85	115
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	195	85	115
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	10	5	5
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	60	25	35
Russian	65	25	45
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	15
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	10	5	5
Serbian	10	5	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	5	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	25	10	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	5
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	230	115	120
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	140	60	75
German	130	55	70
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	10	0	5
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	60	30	25
Afrikaans	5	5	5
Dutch	50	30	20
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	30	20	15
Danish	20	10	5
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	5	5
Swedish	5	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	5	0	5
Indo-Iranian languages	135	80	60
Indo-Aryan languages	120	65	55
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	10	5	0
Gujarati	5	0	0
Hindi	25	15	10
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	60	30	30
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	20	10	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	15	15	5
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	15	10	5
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	15	10	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	355	185	175
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	40	30	10
Portuguese	85	40	45
Romanian	10	5	10
Spanish	215	105	110
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	60	10	50
Korean	50	25	20
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	30	15	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	0
Shona	5	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	10	5	5
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	0
American Sign Language	5	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	200	90	110
Chinese languages	180	75	100
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	80	40	40
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	90	35	55
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	15	10
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	15	10	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	20
Lao	5	5	0
Thai	25	5	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	5	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	25	15	10
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	5	5	0
Hungarian	15	10	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	505	250	255
English and French	180	90	90
English and non-official language(s)	275	140	130
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	10
Multiple non-official languages	30	10	20
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	17,365	8,725	8,645
English	14,845	7,495	7,355
French	175	90	80
Non-official language	350	165	190
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	350	165	190
English and French	495	255	240
English and non-official language(s)	1,370	660	710
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	70	35	35
Multiple non-official languages	55	25	25
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	17,365	8,725	8,645
Single responses	16,990	8,530	8,455
Official languages	16,190	8,150	8,040
English	15,945	8,015	7,930
French	250	135	110
Non-official languages	795	380	415
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	795	380	415
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	35	35
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	60	35	30
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	50	30	25
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	5	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	75	35	40
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	15
Vietnamese	55	25	30
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	145	70	80
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	135	65	70
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	5	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	5	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	325	155	170
Albanian	10	5	5
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	70	30	35
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	70	30	35
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	20	10	10
Russian	40	15	20
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	5	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	20	5	10
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	15	5	10
German	15	5	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	5
Indo-Iranian languages	65	40	30
Indo-Aryan languages	60	35	30
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	5	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	10	5	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	20	15
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	15	10	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	5	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	10	5	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	10	5	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	155	70	90
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	40	25	20
Romanian	5	0	5
Spanish	110	45	65
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	15	5	15
Korean	15	10	5
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	10	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	0
American Sign Language	10	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	105	50	60
Chinese languages	95	40	55
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	50	20	30
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	25	25
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	10	5
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	10	10	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	10	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	380	195	185
English and French	95	50	50
English and non-official language(s)	265	135	130
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	17,365	8,725	8,645
None	15,705	7,910	7,790
English	405	210	195
French	345	170	180
Non-official language	745	350	390
Indigenous³⁹	10	5	5
Non-Indigenous	735	345	385
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	55	30	25
French and non-official language(s)	40	20	25
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	70	25	40
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	17,290	8,675	8,615
Official languages	17,190	8,630	8,555
English	17,180	8,630	8,545
French	2,325	1,110	1,215
Non-official languages	2,950	1,435	1,515
Indigenous languages³⁹	50	35	10
Algonquian languages	10	10	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	10	10	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	10	10	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	10	10	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,915	1,405	1,505
Afro-Asiatic languages	185	95	90
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	175	95	85
Amharic	35	10	25
Arabic	105	70	40
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	0	10
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	40	20	15
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	170	70	100
Khmer (Cambodian)	50	25	25
Vietnamese	120	45	75
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	330	150	180
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	15	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	15	0	10
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	300	135	160
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	40	15	25
Kannada	10	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	30	10	20
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,595	770	835
Albanian	35	15	20
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	160	55	100
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	160	55	100
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	45	15	30
Russian	45	15	35
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	40	20	20
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	15	10	0
Serbian	35	10	20
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	15	0	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	0	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	385	190	195
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	285	140	145
German	275	130	145
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	10	10	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	45	25	15
Afrikaans	20	10	0
Dutch	20	15	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	55	30	25
Danish	20	10	10
Icelandic	10	0	10
Norwegian	10	0	10
Swedish	20	20	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	55	25	30
Indo-Iranian languages	170	85	85
Indo-Aryan languages	170	85	85
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	85	50	40
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	80	35	45
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	25	15	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	885	440	445
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	115	70	40
Portuguese	145	65	75
Romanian	10	10	0
Spanish	715	350	365
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	150	75	75
Korean	55	25	25
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	105	60	50
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	20	10
Lingala	20	10	10
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	10	0	10
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	50	35	20
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	15	10	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	30	10	20
American Sign Language	30	10	20
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	295	135	155
Chinese languages	230	100	130
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	180	80	100
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	105	45	60
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	65	35	30
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	55	30	30
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	55	25	25
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	45	25	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	20	10	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	20	10	10
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	35	15	20
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	30	15	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	17,290	8,675	8,615
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	970	465	500
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	930	445	485
First Nations (North American Indian)	595	285	310
Métis	330	160	170
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	25	25	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	15	0	15
Non-Indigenous identity	16,320	8,210	8,115
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	17,290	8,675	8,615
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	430	190	235
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	16,860	8,485	8,380
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	8,565	...	...
Owner	4,185	...	...
Renter	4,380	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	8,565	...	...
Condominium	1,705	...	...
Not condominium	6,855	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	8,565	...	...
No bedrooms	135	...	...
1 bedroom	2,200	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,165	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,960	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,105	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	8,565	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,150	...	...
5 rooms	1,400	...	...
6 rooms	985	...	...
7 rooms	705	...	...
8 or more rooms	1,320	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	8,565	...	...
One person or fewer per room	8,480	...	...
More than one person per room	85	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	8,565	...	...
Suitable	8,140	...	...
Not suitable	425	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	8,565	...	...
1960 or before	2,525	...	...
1961 to 1980	3,500	...	...
1981 to 1990	680	...	...
1991 to 2000	765	...	...
2001 to 2005	325	...	...
2006 to 2010	305	...	...
2011 to 2015	205	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	255	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	8,565	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	7,895	...	...
Major repairs needed	670	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	8,565	...	...
One-maintainer household	4,745	...	...
Two-maintainer household	3,465	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	360	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	8,565	...	...
15 to 24 years	315	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,355	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,555	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,290	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,655	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,455	...	...
75 to 84 years	670	...	...
85 years and over	270	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	8,545	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	6,145	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,400	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,185	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	8,565	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	3,165	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,125	...	...
Not suitable only	315	...	...
Major repairs needed only	400	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	55	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	215	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	50	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	5,395	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	8,335	...	...
In core need	1,515	...	...
Not in core need	6,820	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,185	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	19.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,440	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,586	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	750,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	776,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,380	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	36.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	28.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,230	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,312	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	17,290	8,670	8,615
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	340	165	170
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	335	165	165
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	305	160	150
Métis single ancestry	25	10	15
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	785	420	365
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	745	405	345
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	565	315	245
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	180	90	85
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	40	20	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	20	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	16,165	8,090	8,080
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	17,290	8,675	8,615
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	16,190	8,150	8,050
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,390	1,270	1,125
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	13,800	6,875	6,920
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,100	530	575
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	17,290	8,675	8,615
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	14,355	7,215	7,150
Immigrants⁸¹	2,640	1,335	1,310
Before 1980	750	385	365
1980 to 1990	330	170	165
1991 to 2000	310	145	165
2001 to 2010	525	250	275
2011 to 2021⁸²	725	380	340
2011 to 2015	280	135	145
2016 to 2021	445	250	200
Non-permanent residents⁸³	285	130	160
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,645	1,330	1,310
Under 5 years	370	195	170
5 to 14 years	540	305	240
15 to 24 years	420	210	205
25 to 44 years	1,090	525	565
45 years and over	225	100	130
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,645	1,330	1,310
Americas	405	225	185
Brazil	35	25	10
Colombia	35	25	10
El Salvador	10	10	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	0	10
Mexico	35	10	30
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	10	0
United States of America	215	100	110
Other places of birth in Americas	40	30	10
Europe	995	515	480
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	25	10	15
France	50	15	40
Germany	85	45	45
Greece	25	10	10
Hungary	15	0	10
Italy	35	35	0
Netherlands	15	15	0
Poland	40	10	25
Portugal	0	0	0
Romania	15	0	10
Russian Federation	10	0	10
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	0	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	525	285	240
Other places of birth in Europe	125	80	50
Africa	220	115	110
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	10	10
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	30	20	10
Ethiopia	30	10	20
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	15	10	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	50	25	20
Other places of birth in Africa	75	40	35
Asia	950	435	515
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	50	30	20
Turkey	15	0	10
China⁹⁰	115	50	60
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	30	15	10
Taiwan	15	15	0
Philippines	270	120	150
Viet Nam	60	20	45
Bangladesh	10	0	0
India	145	75	75
Pakistan	25	15	10
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	195	75	120
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	60	45	15
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	445	245	200
Americas	50	30	15
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	25	20	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	70	35	35
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	10	0
Other places of birth in Europe	45	20	25
Africa	85	55	25
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	0	10
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	20	15	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	15	10	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	30	20	10
Asia	225	110	120
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	10	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	30	25	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	25	0	25
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	60	25	30
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	50	30	20
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	10
Oceania and other⁹³	20	15	0
Australia	20	10	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	17,290	8,675	8,615
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,160	1,585	1,580
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,455	1,690	1,770
Third generation or more¹⁰²	10,670	5,400	5,270
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,890	945	950
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	860	435	420
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	390	210	185
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	465	230	240
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	675	315	365
Refugees¹⁰⁸	335	195	145
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20	0	15
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,890	945	950
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	40	30	10
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	340	175	160
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	90	50	40
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	130	45	85
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	0	15
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,275	640	630
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	17,290	8,675	8,615
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,365	1,185	1,185
South Asian	305	175	130
Chinese	300	120	180
Black	405	225	180
Filipino	390	200	190
Arab	95	55	40
Latin American	215	115	105
Southeast Asian	245	110	135
West Asian	10	0	0
Korean	50	25	25
Japanese	155	60	95
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	80	40	35
Multiple visible minorities	110	50	60
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	14,925	7,490	7,430
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	17,290	8,675	8,620
Canadian	1,815	905	910
English	5,890	2,920	2,970
Irish	3,510	1,650	1,860
Scottish	4,445	2,150	2,295
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,700	835	865
German	2,305	1,125	1,180
Chinese	395	175	225
Italian	540	250	290
Indian (India)	235	140	100
Ukrainian	885	490	390
Dutch	655	325	335
Polish	535	255	280
Québécois	55	20	35
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,070	540	530
Filipino	405	200	210
French Canadian	280	130	150
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	310	155	155
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	390	195	190
Métis	250	120	135
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	450	230	215
Russian	345	190	160
Norwegian	590	290	295
Welsh	780	350	425
Portuguese	130	75	50
American	290	110	185
Spanish	200	110	85
Swedish	390	220	165
Hungarian	240	115	125
Acadian	75	15	60
Pakistani	15	10	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	60	30	25
Jewish	175	100	80
Punjabi	0	0	0
Vietnamese	160	65	90
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	60	40	25
Greek	85	30	60
Jamaican	25	15	10
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	35	20	15
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	115	75	40
Korean	55	30	25
Romanian	125	70	60
Lebanese	45	25	20
Iranian	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	50	25	30
Danish	270	145	130
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	115	70	50
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	215	100	110
Belgian	90	35	55
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	20	0	15
Mexican	60	20	45
Mennonite	45	20	25
Swiss	110	50	60
Finnish	130	75	55
Sri Lankan	10	0	0
Croatian	140	80	60
Japanese	165	65	100
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	30	10	20
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	35	0	30
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	140	75	65
Muslim	10	10	0
Egyptian	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	30	10	15
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	215	95	120
Colombian	45	35	10
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	65	30	30
Syrian	60	35	20
Guyanese	15	10	10
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	60	20	40
Serbian	35	15	25
Ojibway	45	20	20
Newfoundlander	30	15	20
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	40	30	10
Persian	10	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	10	0	0
Turkish	15	0	10
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	85	65	30
Nigerian	25	20	10
Armenian	10	10	0
Slovak	15	10	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	60	45	20
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	15	10	10
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	10	10	0
African Caribbean	15	0	15
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	20	15	10
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	30	20	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	15	0	10
Lithuanian	25	20	10
South African	30	15	20
Australian	100	70	35
Palestinian	10	10	0
Chilean	10	0	0
Congolese	45	25	15
Nova Scotian	25	10	10
Ethiopian	40	15	20
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	25	10	15
Peruvian	15	0	10
Yoruba	30	20	15
Cambodian (Khmer)	50	20	25
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	40	20	20
Maltese	15	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	10	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	25	15	15
New Brunswicker	20	10	10
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	20	20	0
Israeli	30	25	10
Mohawk	20	15	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	40	15	20
Bulgarian	20	0	15
Albertan	10	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	15	0	10
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0	10
Tunisian	10	0	10
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	20	10	10
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	10	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	55	25	30
Bengali	15	0	15
Cameroonian	20	20	0
Guatemalan	15	10	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	30	15	15
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	65	25	35
British Columbian	50	25	20
Ecuadorian	10	0	10
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	25	10	15
Estonian	25	10	15
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	30	30	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	35	20	20
Dominican	35	15	15
Nepali	15	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	15	0	0
Byelorussian	10	10	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	20	10	10
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	20	0	15
Malaysian	25	0	20
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	10	10	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	10	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	15	10	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	10	0	10
Cape Bretoner	10	0	10
Rwandan	25	20	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	25	15	10
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	20	10	10
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	50	30	30
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	10	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	25	10	15
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	10	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	17,290	8,675	8,615
Buddhist	265	125	140
Christian	5,540	2,510	3,025
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,085	505	580
Anabaptist	15	10	0
Anglican	820	315	505
Baptist	140	70	70
Catholic	1,735	805	925
Christian Orthodox	70	40	30
Jehovah's Witness	55	20	40
Latter Day Saints	40	20	20
Lutheran	120	60	65
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	35	15	20
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	235	120	115
Presbyterian	120	40	75
Reformed	10	10	0
United Church	590	245	345
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	475	245	230
Hindu	60	30	30
Jewish	120	65	55
Muslim	150	85	65
Sikh	50	25	30
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	35	25	10
Other religions and spiritual traditions	370	150	220
No religion and secular perspectives	10,705	5,660	5,040
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	17,155	8,595	8,560
Non-movers	14,345	7,215	7,130
Movers	2,815	1,385	1,430
Non-migrants	1,850	945	900
Migrants	965	440	530
Internal migrants	845	390	455
Intraprovincial migrants	490	220	270
Interprovincial migrants	355	170	185
External migrants	125	50	70
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	16,575	8,295	8,280
Non-movers	8,775	4,285	4,490
Movers	7,800	4,010	3,790
Non-migrants	1,695	975	720
Migrants	6,105	3,035	3,060
Internal migrants	5,550	2,755	2,795
Intraprovincial migrants	4,015	1,965	2,055
Interprovincial migrants	1,530	795	735
External migrants	550	280	270
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,155	7,545	7,605
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,090	1,190	900
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	13,060	6,360	6,705
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	10,165	5,220	4,945
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,095	685	410
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	9,070	4,535	4,535
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,150	7,545	7,610
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,810	1,010	800
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,525	2,350	2,170
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,820	4,180	4,635
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,535	2,250	2,285
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,135	830	305
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	465	245	220
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	670	585	85
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,955	1,230	1,725
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	445	190	255
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,285	1,930	2,350
Bachelor's degree	2,745	1,235	1,510
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	220	90	130
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	35	25	10
Master's degree	1,120	480	640
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	160	100	60
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	10,170	5,215	4,950
No certificate, diploma or degree	920	575	345
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,725	1,570	1,155
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,525	3,075	3,450
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,245	1,625	1,620
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	810	580	230
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	325	160	165
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	485	420	65
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,125	905	1,225
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	310	140	170
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,275	1,450	1,825
Bachelor's degree	2,135	950	1,180
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	145	50	95
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	30	20	10
Master's degree	845	365	485
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	120	70	55
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	15,155	7,545	7,610
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	6,335	3,365	2,970
Education	550	175	380
13. Education	550	175	380
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	405	185	220
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	30	25	10
50. Visual and performing arts	370	160	215
Humanities	570	235	335
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	50	0	45
23. English language and literature/letters	130	40	95
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	125	45	80
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	15	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	50	30	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	45	20	25
54. History	120	75	55
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,340	495	850
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	10	55
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	135	60	70
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	190	20	170
22. Legal professions and studies	210	70	145
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	25	25
42. Psychology	200	75	125
45. Social sciences	485	230	255
Business, management and public administration	1,475	615	860
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	205	70	135
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,270	545	725
Physical and life sciences and technologies	455	215	240
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	200	80	125
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	90	40	45
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	130	70	60
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	10	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	300	205	95
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	205	150	50
25. Library science	50	10	40
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	45	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,560	1,380	185
04. Architecture and related services	80	45	35
14. Engineering	290	235	50
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	405	365	45
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	415	410	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	205	180	25
48. Precision production	170	150	25
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	200	95	105
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	85	30	55
03. Natural resources and conservation	110	60	50
Health and related fields	1,395	300	1,090
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	110	60	55
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,265	235	1,030
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	10	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	570	290	280
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	305	90	215
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	40	40	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	10	0
43. Security and protective services	100	50	50
49. Transportation and materials moving	115	100	15
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	10,165	5,220	4,945
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,640	2,145	1,495
Education	325	95	230
13. Education	325	95	230
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	305	130	175
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	0	10
50. Visual and performing arts	295	130	160
Humanities	340	130	215
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	40	0	30
23. English language and literature/letters	85	25	60
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	75	30	50
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	15	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	15	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	0	10
54. History	75	35	35
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,110	395	720
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	10	55
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	115	55	60
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	165	25	140
22. Legal professions and studies	190	55	140
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	20	15
42. Psychology	140	40	95
45. Social sciences	410	195	215
Business, management and public administration	1,105	490	620
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	140	65	75
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	965	420	545
Physical and life sciences and technologies	365	150	210
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	155	60	100
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	80	35	45
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	105	50	55
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	205	165	40
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	160	135	30
25. Library science	20	10	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	20	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,160	1,000	155
04. Architecture and related services	60	25	30
14. Engineering	240	190	50
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	300	260	40
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	325	320	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	130	105	25
48. Precision production	100	90	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	140	50	85
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	70	25	40
03. Natural resources and conservation	70	30	40
Health and related fields	1,005	235	765
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	95	50	45
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	895	175	720
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	10	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	465	225	240
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	250	70	180
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	40	40	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0
43. Security and protective services	85	35	40
49. Transportation and materials moving	90	70	10
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	10,165	5,220	4,945
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,640	2,145	1,495
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	6,520	3,070	3,450
Location of study inside Canada	5,645	2,625	3,020
Same as province or territory of residence	3,875	1,740	2,135
Different than province or territory of residence	1,775	885	890
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	875	450	430
Americas	235	135	95
United States of America	150	100	55
Mexico	10	0	10
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	40	20	20
Colombia	20	20	0
Peru	10	0	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	10	0	10
Europe	235	110	125
Belgium	0	0	0
France	15	0	10
Germany	25	15	10
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	10	10	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	140	60	75
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	25	10	10
Africa	50	20	25
Nigeria	10	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	40	20	20
Asia	290	130	160
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	30	10	20
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	30	10	20
Korea, South⁹²	10	10	0
Philippines	120	50	75
Viet Nam	15	0	10
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	30	20	10
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	25	10	15
Oceania	70	50	20
Australia	65	45	20
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	15,150	7,545	7,610
In the labour force	9,980	5,280	4,700
Employed	9,190	4,875	4,315
Unemployed	790	405	385
Not in the labour force	5,170	2,265	2,905
Participation rate	65.9	70.0	61.8
Employment rate	60.7	64.6	56.7
Unemployment rate	7.9	7.7	8.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	15,155	7,545	7,610
Did not work¹⁸⁶	5,015	2,255	2,765
Worked	10,135	5,290	4,845
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	5,490	3,095	2,390
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	4,645	2,195	2,450
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.7	42.4	41.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	9,980	5,280	4,705
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	180	105	75
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	9,800	5,175	4,630
Employee	8,450	4,435	4,015
Permanent position	7,165	3,740	3,430
Temporary position	1,285	695	585
Fixed term (1 year or more)	550	315	230
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	740	385	355
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,355	740	610
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	9,980	5,280	4,705
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	180	105	75
All occupations¹⁹¹	9,800	5,175	4,630
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	105	45	60
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,670	565	1,105
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	765	580	185
3 Health occupations	780	205	575
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,645	760	885
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	345	145	200
6 Sales and service occupations	2,590	1,220	1,370
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,525	1,385	140
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	155	120	40
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	210	150	60
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	9,980	5,280	4,705
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	180	105	75
All industries¹⁹¹	9,800	5,175	4,630
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	75	30	50
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	10	10	0
22 Utilities	15	15	0
23 Construction	645	565	80
31-33 Manufacturing	415	280	135
41 Wholesale trade	120	85	35
44-45 Retail trade	1,030	505	530
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	315	270	40
51 Information and cultural industries	125	80	50
52 Finance and insurance	180	70	110
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	245	110	135
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	755	400	355
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	495	320	170
61 Educational services	575	190	390
62 Health care and social assistance	1,345	370	980
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	210	90	115
72 Accommodation and food services	765	390	370
81 Other services (except public administration)	435	200	230
91 Public administration	2,045	1,195	855
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	10,695	5,610	5,090
English	10,270	5,410	4,860
French	30	0	30
Non-official language	35	15	20
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	35	15	20
English and French	225	120	105
English and non-official language(s)	130	55	80
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	15	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	10,695	5,610	5,090
Single responses	10,665	5,590	5,070
Official languages	10,605	5,570	5,035
English	10,555	5,565	4,990
French	45	0	40
Non-official languages	60	20	35
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	60	20	35
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10	0	10
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	10
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	10
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	35	20	15
English and French	20	10	15
English and non-official language(s)	15	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	10,695	5,610	5,090
None	10,370	5,445	4,925
English	45	10	30
French	180	105	80
Non-official language	80	35	45
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	80	35	45
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	15	15	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	9,195	4,875	4,315
Worked at home	1,990	920	1,070
Worked outside Canada	25	25	0
No fixed workplace address	1,410	1,035	375
Usual place of work	5,770	2,895	2,875
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	5,770	2,895	2,875
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,510	905	605
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,140	1,920	2,230
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	85	60	35
Commute to a different province or territory	30	15	15
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	7,180	3,930	3,250
Car, truck or van	4,710	2,575	2,130
Car, truck or van - as a driver	4,340	2,445	1,900
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	365	135	240
Public transit	880	360	515
Walked	785	455	325
Bicycle	535	355	190
Other method	265	180	85
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	7,180	3,930	3,250
Less than 15 minutes	2,570	1,445	1,120
15 to 29 minutes	3,235	1,675	1,560
30 to 44 minutes	915	575	340
45 to 59 minutes	240	95	145
60 minutes and over	220	145	75
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	7,180	3,930	3,250
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	350	235	120
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,170	720	445
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,135	1,265	870
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,465	630	835
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,120	530	590
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	935	550	385
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	2,575	1,370	1,200
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	340	180	160
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,235	1,195	1,040
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	1,770	960	810
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	240	130	110
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	190	100	90
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	55	30	25
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,530	830	700

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed January 18, 2026).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2025-12-10

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