Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	CobourgMore information: Ontario [Census agglomeration]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	20,519
Population, 2016¹	19,440
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.6
Total private dwellings²	9,520
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	9,134
Population density per square kilometre	915.7
Land area in square kilometres	22.41
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	20,520
0 to 14 years	2,540
0 to 4 years	760
5 to 9 years	845
10 to 14 years	930
15 to 64 years	11,000
15 to 19 years	965
20 to 24 years	835
25 to 29 years	895
30 to 34 years	1,015
35 to 39 years	1,085
40 to 44 years	965
45 to 49 years	985
50 to 54 years	1,055
55 to 59 years	1,510
60 to 64 years	1,680
65 years and over	6,985
65 to 69 years	1,735
70 to 74 years	1,805
75 to 79 years	1,300
80 to 84 years	1,010
85 years and over	1,140
85 to 89 years	690
90 to 94 years	325
95 to 99 years	120
100 years and over	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.4
15 to 64 years	53.6
65 years and over	34.0
85 years and over	5.6
Average age of the population	49.9
Median age of the population	54.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	9,130
Single-detached house	5,255
Semi-detached house	410
Row house	1,125
Apartment or flat in a duplex	170
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,785
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	365
Other single-attached house	30
Movable dwelling⁴	0
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	9,130
1 person	2,955
2 persons	3,700
3 persons	1,140
4 persons	870
5 or more persons	465
Number of persons in private households	19,780
Average household size	2.2
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	17,985
Married or living common-law	10,200
Married	8,250
Living common-law	1,945
Living common law - Never married	1,170
Living common law - Separated	140
Living common law - Divorced	550
Living common law - Widowed	85
Not married and not living common-law	7,785
Not married and not living common law - Never married	3,870
Not married and not living common law - Separated	600
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,445
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,865
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	6,070
2 persons	3,860
3 persons	1,085
4 persons	795
5 or more persons	330
Average size of census families	2.6
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	6,070
Total couple families	4,995
Married couples	4,020
With children⁶	1,455
Without children	2,565
Common-law couples	975
With children⁶	365
Without children	610
Total one-parent families	1,080
in which the parent is a woman+	880
in which the parent is a man+	195
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	19,780
Total - Persons in census families	15,890
Married spouses or common-law partners	9,980
Parents in one-parent families	1,075
Children⁶	4,825
In a two-parent family	3,230
In a one-parent family	1,595
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	3,895
Living alone	2,955
Living with other relatives⁷	360
Living with non-relatives only	575
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	9,130
One-census-family households without additional persons	5,470
Couple-family households	4,605
With children⁶	1,660
Without children	2,945
One-parent-family households	860
Multigenerational households⁸	185
Multiple-census-family households⁹	40
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	235
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	245
One-person households	2,955
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	17,245
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,790
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,805
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,995
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,355
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,545
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,335
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,805
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	17,245
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,825
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,835
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,005
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,355
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,580
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,610
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,330
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,295
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,860
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,950
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	17,240
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	4,445
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	61,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,095
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,300
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,840
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	77.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	52.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	17,240
Without total income	450
With total income	16,795
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,060
$10,000 to $19,999	2,120
$20,000 to $29,999	2,690
$30,000 to $39,999	2,360
$40,000 to $49,999	2,085
$50,000 to $59,999	1,630
$60,000 to $69,999	1,215
$70,000 to $79,999	925
$80,000 to $89,999	635
$90,000 to $99,999	515
$100,000 and over	1,555
$100,000 to $149,999	1,065
$150,000 and over	490
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	17,240
Without after-tax income	445
With after-tax income	16,800
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,180
$10,000 to $19,999	2,235
$20,000 to $29,999	3,025
$30,000 to $39,999	2,805
$40,000 to $49,999	2,305
$50,000 to $59,999	1,655
$60,000 to $69,999	1,095
$70,000 to $79,999	795
$80,000 to $89,999	625
$90,000 to $99,999	315
$100,000 and over	755
$100,000 to $124,999	380
$125,000 and over	375
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	17,240
Without employment income	6,895
With employment income	10,355
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,065
$5,000 to $9,999	860
$10,000 to $19,999	1,180
$20,000 to $29,999	950
$30,000 to $39,999	965
$40,000 to $49,999	815
$50,000 to $59,999	730
$60,000 to $69,999	595
$70,000 to $79,999	425
$80,000 to $89,999	370
$90,000 to $99,999	360
$100,000 and over	1,035
$100,000 to $124,999	525
$125,000 and over	510
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	17,245
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	16,580
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	16,580
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,920
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	10,520
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,885
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,040
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,880
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	17,245
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	16,675
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	16,685
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,990
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,450
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,040
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,930
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,100
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,800
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	17,240
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	4,405
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,865
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,280
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	81.8
Employment income (%)	57.4
Government transfers (%)	18.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	9,135
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	77,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	2,955
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,000
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	6,175
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	9,135
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	95,800
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	81,200
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,945
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,750
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,080
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	6,185
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	115,900
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,900
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	9,135
Under $5,000	50
$5,000 to $9,999	30
$10,000 to $14,999	100
$15,000 to $19,999	175
$20,000 to $24,999	345
$25,000 to $29,999	375
$30,000 to $34,999	305
$35,000 to $39,999	420
$40,000 to $44,999	415
$45,000 to $49,999	385
$50,000 to $59,999	755
$60,000 to $69,999	700
$70,000 to $79,999	715
$80,000 to $89,999	625
$90,000 to $99,999	560
$100,000 and over	3,185
$100,000 to $124,999	1,090
$125,000 to $149,999	705
$150,000 to $199,999	785
$200,000 and over	610
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	9,135
Under $5,000	50
$5,000 to $9,999	30
$10,000 to $14,999	105
$15,000 to $19,999	185
$20,000 to $24,999	370
$25,000 to $29,999	430
$30,000 to $34,999	400
$35,000 to $39,999	465
$40,000 to $44,999	470
$45,000 to $49,999	430
$50,000 to $59,999	855
$60,000 to $69,999	875
$70,000 to $79,999	820
$80,000 to $89,999	670
$90,000 to $99,999	565
$100,000 and over	2,415
$100,000 to $124,999	1,005
$125,000 to $149,999	605
$150,000 and over	805
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	6,010
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,000
Average family size of economic families	2.7
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,980
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,500
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	1,855
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,005
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	3,525
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	5,995
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,300
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,300
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,975
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	108,800
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,700
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,865
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	146,200
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,600
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,020
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,200
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	3,570
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,550
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,320
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	19,780
0 to 17 years	3,110
0 to 5 years	930
18 to 64 years	10,360
65 years and over	6,315
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,930
0 to 17 years	390
0 to 5 years	120
18 to 64 years	965
65 years and over	575
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.7
0 to 17 years (%)	12.5
0 to 5 years (%)	12.8
18 to 64 years (%)	9.3
65 years and over (%)	9.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	19,780
0 to 17 years	3,115
0 to 5 years	935
18 to 64 years	10,355
65 years and over	6,310
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	545
0 to 17 years	105
0 to 5 years	25
18 to 64 years	390
65 years and over	55
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.8
0 to 17 years (%)	3.4
0 to 5 years (%)	2.4
18 to 64 years (%)	3.7
65 years and over (%)	0.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	19,780
In bottom half of the distribution	10,200
In bottom decile	1,705
In second decile	2,085
In third decile	2,035
In fourth decile	2,225
In fifth decile	2,150
In top half of the distribution	9,575
In sixth decile	2,200
In seventh decile	2,025
In eighth decile	1,820
In ninth decile	1,920
In top decile	1,615
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	19,780
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.324
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.458
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.281
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	20,070
English only	18,545
French only	5
English and French	1,470
Neither English nor French	45
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	20,070
English	19,750
French	265
English and French	10
Neither English nor French	40
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	20,070
Single responses	19,850
Official languages	18,600
English	18,310
French	295
Non-official languages	1,245
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,245
Afro-Asiatic languages	105
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	105
Amharic	0
Arabic	90
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	10
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	85
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	5
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	10
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	60
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	5
Haitian Creole	5
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	20
Kannada	0
Malayalam	5
Tamil	10
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	815
Albanian	5
Armenian	5
Balto-Slavic languages	170
Baltic languages	5
Latvian	5
Lithuanian	5
Slavic languages	160
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	5
Czech	10
Macedonian	10
Polish	60
Russian	20
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	20
Bosnian	0
Croatian	10
Serbian	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	10
Ukrainian	40
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	5
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	300
Frisian	5
High German languages	160
German	150
Pennsylvania German	5
Swiss German	5
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	125
Afrikaans	5
Dutch	110
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5
Scandinavian languages	15
Danish	10
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	5
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	30
Indo-Iranian languages	90
Indo-Aryan languages	70
Assamese	0
Bengali	5
Gujarati	10
Hindi	10
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	5
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	20
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	20
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	20
Dari	15
Iranian Persian	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	210
Catalan	0
Italian	90
Portuguese	55
Romanian	0
Spanish	60
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	15
Korean	45
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	5
Akan (Twi)	5
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	75
Chinese languages	75
Hakka	0
Mandarin	45
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	30
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5
Lao	0
Thai	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	5
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	5
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	45
Estonian	5
Finnish	10
Hungarian	30
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	220
English and French	70
English and non-official language(s)	120
French and non-official language(s)	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	20
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	20,070
English	18,895
French	30
Non-official language	200
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	200
English and French	170
English and non-official language(s)	705
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45
Multiple non-official languages	15
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	20,070
Single responses	19,880
Official languages	19,505
English	19,465
French	45
Non-official languages	375
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	375
Afro-Asiatic languages	70
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	70
Amharic	0
Arabic	70
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	30
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	5
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	10
Kannada	0
Malayalam	5
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	175
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	25
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	25
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	5
Russian	5
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	5
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	30
Frisian	0
High German languages	20
German	20
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	10
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	5
Indo-Iranian languages	55
Indo-Aryan languages	40
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	5
Hindi	5
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	5
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	20
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	10
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	10
Dari	10
Iranian Persian	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	55
Catalan	0
Italian	15
Portuguese	20
Romanian	0
Spanish	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	5
Korean	35
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45
Chinese languages	45
Hakka	0
Mandarin	30
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	185
English and French	10
English and non-official language(s)	165
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	20,070
None	19,280
English	165
French	160
Non-official language	375
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	375
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	10
French and non-official language(s)	30
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	40
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	19,780
Official languages	19,755
English	19,750
French	1,475
Non-official languages	1,630
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,630
Afro-Asiatic languages	65
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	65
Amharic	0
Arabic	55
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	10
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	125
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	120
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	10
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	1,240
Albanian	0
Armenian	10
Balto-Slavic languages	185
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	185
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	15
Polish	65
Russian	50
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	30
Bosnian	0
Croatian	15
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10
Ukrainian	30
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	15
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	455
Frisian	0
High German languages	260
German	255
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	20
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	150
Afrikaans	15
Dutch	130
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	65
Danish	40
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	15
Swedish	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	40
Indo-Iranian languages	100
Indo-Aryan languages	75
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	55
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	20
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	25
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	25
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	20
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	500
Catalan	0
Italian	150
Portuguese	110
Romanian	15
Spanish	265
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	30
Korean	30
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	10
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	20
American Sign Language	15
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	55
Chinese languages	55
Hakka	0
Mandarin	50
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10
Lao	0
Thai	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	60
Estonian	10
Finnish	10
Hungarian	45
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	19,780
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	525
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	510
First Nations (North American Indian)	335
Métis	160
Inuk (Inuit)	15
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	10
Non-Indigenous identity	19,255
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	19,780
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	150
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	19,625
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	9,135
Owner	6,275
Renter	2,860
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	9,135
Condominium	1,275
Not condominium	7,860
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	9,135
No bedrooms	60
1 bedroom	1,040
2 bedrooms	2,860
3 bedrooms	3,380
4 or more bedrooms	1,790
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	9,135
1 to 4 rooms	2,180
5 rooms	1,295
6 rooms	1,620
7 rooms	1,320
8 or more rooms	2,715
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	9,135
One person or fewer per room	9,085
More than one person per room	50
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	9,135
Suitable	8,815
Not suitable	320
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	9,135
1960 or before	2,555
1961 to 1980	2,200
1981 to 1990	975
1991 to 2000	1,110
2001 to 2005	515
2006 to 2010	665
2011 to 2015	640
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	475
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	9,135
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	8,635
Major repairs needed	495
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	9,135
One-maintainer household	4,745
Two-maintainer household	4,115
Three-or-more-maintainer household	270
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	9,135
15 to 24 years	90
25 to 34 years	780
35 to 44 years	1,130
45 to 54 years	1,075
55 to 64 years	1,880
65 to 74 years	2,105
75 to 84 years	1,455
85 years and over	620
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	9,120
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	7,045
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,075
30% to less than 100%	1,885
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	9,130
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	2,625
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,865
Not suitable only	225
Major repairs needed only	275
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	40
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	160
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	45
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10
Acceptable housing	6,505
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	8,930
In core need	975
Not in core need	7,955
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,270
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	47.3
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	13.7
% in core housing need⁶³	5.2
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,010
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,292
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	600,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	616,500
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,855
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	13.8
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	42.7
% in core housing need⁶³	23.8
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,220
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,334
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	19,780
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	185
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	160
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	145
Métis single ancestry	20
Inuit single ancestry	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	590
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	590
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	425
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	145
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	19,005
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	19,780
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	19,295
Canadian citizens aged under 18	3,015
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	16,280
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	485
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	19,780
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	17,190
Immigrants⁸¹	2,550
Before 1980	1,610
1980 to 1990	290
1991 to 2000	180
2001 to 2010	170
2011 to 2021⁸²	300
2011 to 2015	105
2016 to 2021	195
Non-permanent residents⁸³	40
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,550
Under 5 years	315
5 to 14 years	560
15 to 24 years	745
25 to 44 years	780
45 years and over	145
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,550
Americas	390
Brazil	15
Colombia	10
El Salvador	0
Guyana	50
Haiti	0
Jamaica	70
Mexico	0
Peru	0
Trinidad and Tobago	25
United States of America	145
Other places of birth in Americas	65
Europe	1,715
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Croatia	15
France	10
Germany	135
Greece	0
Hungary	30
Italy	85
Netherlands	125
Poland	20
Portugal	55
Romania	0
Russian Federation	25
Serbia⁸⁶	10
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,030
Other places of birth in Europe	165
Africa	60
Algeria	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Egypt	10
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	0
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	15
Other places of birth in Africa	30
Asia	350
Afghanistan	0
Iran⁸⁸	15
Iraq	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	35
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	40
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Korea, South⁹²	20
Taiwan	0
Philippines	115
Viet Nam	20
Bangladesh	0
India	30
Pakistan	20
Sri Lanka	0
Other places of birth in Asia	40
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	30
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	195
Americas	25
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Mexico	0
United States of America	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10
Europe	40
France	0
Germany	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0
Italy	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15
Other places of birth in Europe	15
Africa	30
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	0
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	10
Asia	95
Afghanistan	0
Bangladesh	0
China⁹⁰	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	20
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Japan	0
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	0
Lebanon	0
Nepal	0
Pakistan	0
Philippines	20
Saudi Arabia	0
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	35
Turkey	0
United Arab Emirates	0
Viet Nam	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0
Australia	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	19,780
First generation¹⁰⁰	2,810
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,300
Third generation or more¹⁰²	13,670
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	935
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	470
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	175
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	295
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	380
Refugees¹⁰⁸	75
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	935
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	50
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	100
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	40
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	20
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	715
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	19,780
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	990
South Asian	160
Chinese	75
Black	225
Filipino	130
Arab	55
Latin American	70
Southeast Asian	65
West Asian	30
Korean	50
Japanese	40
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	55
Multiple visible minorities	40
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	18,785
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	19,780
Canadian	3,315
English	6,565
Irish	5,200
Scottish	5,435
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,570
German	1,700
Chinese	95
Italian	690
Indian (India)	150
Ukrainian	415
Dutch	990
Polish	585
Québécois	40
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,390
Filipino	145
French Canadian	250
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	450
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	280
Métis	185
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	230
Russian	135
Norwegian	125
Welsh	520
Portuguese	205
American	210
Spanish	35
Swedish	100
Hungarian	205
Acadian	75
Pakistani	35
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	40
Jewish	90
Punjabi	0
Vietnamese	20
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	15
Greek	225
Jamaican	95
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	20
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	50
Korean	50
Romanian	75
Lebanese	30
Iranian	10
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	115
Danish	130
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	140
Sikh	0
Austrian	100
Belgian	60
Haitian	0
Hindu	0
Mexican	15
Mennonite	40
Swiss	120
Finnish	105
Sri Lankan	0
Croatian	60
Japanese	40
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	50
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	80
Muslim	0
Egyptian	15
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0
Tamil	0
Icelandic	20
Colombian	15
Moroccan	20
Czech	40
Syrian	40
Guyanese	50
Afghan	30
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	10
Serbian	30
Ojibway	45
Newfoundlander	70
Hong Konger	0
Ontarian	170
Persian	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	20
Turkish	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	20
Bangladeshi	0
Algerian	0
Brazilian	20
Nigerian	0
Armenian	10
Slovak	45
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	10
Somali	0
Taiwanese	0
Iraqi	0
Salvadorean	0
African Caribbean	45
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	65
Algonquin	15
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0
Lithuanian	25
South African	25
Australian	30
Palestinian	0
Chilean	0
Congolese	0
Nova Scotian	15
Ethiopian	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	10
Peruvian	0
Yoruba	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0
Berber	0
Albanian	0
Maltese	40
Macedonian	55
Slovenian	15
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	45
New Brunswicker	10
Gujarati	0
Eritrean	0
African Canadian	0
Israeli	0
Mohawk	25
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	10
Bulgarian	0
Albertan	0
Ghanaian	0
Barbadian	15
African American	10
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	15
Tunisian	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	10
Cuban	0
Bosnian	0
Venezuelan	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	30
Bengali	0
Cameroonian	0
Guatemalan	0
Indonesian	15
Laotian	0
Ilocano	0
Northern Irish	65
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	40
British Columbian	0
Ecuadorian	0
Franco Ontarian	0
Argentinian	0
Estonian	20
Kurdish	0
Fijian	0
Jatt	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	20
Coptic	0
Thai	0
Dominican	10
Nepali	0
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	0
Igbo	0
Byelorussian	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0
New Zealander	10
Sudanese	0
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	35
Malaysian	0
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	0
Buddhist	0
Gaspesian	0
Norman	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	0
Mauritian	0
Kenyan	0
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	0
Manitoban	0
Cape Bretoner	10
Rwandan	0
Grenadian	0
Malayali	0
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	0
Mayan	0
Honduran	0
Cherokee	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	0
Flemish	0
United Empire Loyalist	40
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	0
Sicilian	0
Pashtun	0
Malay	0
Goan	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	0
Burmese	0
Mongolian	0
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	0
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	0
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	0
Uruguayan	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0
Igorot	0
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	0
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	0
Roma	0
Costa Rican	0
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	0
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	19,780
Buddhist	65
Christian	10,940
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	940
Anabaptist	10
Anglican	1,890
Baptist	365
Catholic	3,735
Christian Orthodox	165
Jehovah's Witness	80
Latter Day Saints	15
Lutheran	160
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	40
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	235
Presbyterian	730
Reformed	85
United Church	1,870
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	620
Hindu	60
Jewish	20
Muslim	75
Sikh	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	155
No religion and secular perspectives	8,450
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	19,660
Non-movers	17,270
Movers	2,390
Non-migrants	965
Migrants	1,425
Internal migrants	1,370
Intraprovincial migrants	1,320
Interprovincial migrants	45
External migrants	55
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	19,070
Non-movers	11,160
Movers	7,910
Non-migrants	2,290
Migrants	5,615
Internal migrants	5,385
Intraprovincial migrants	5,230
Interprovincial migrants	155
External migrants	235
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	17,245
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,885
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	14,355
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	9,155
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	955
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	8,205
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	17,245
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,540
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,550
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,155
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,675
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,095
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	480
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	615
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,315
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	270
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,480
Bachelor's degree	2,390
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	255
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	60
Master's degree	625
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	150
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	9,160
No certificate, diploma or degree	795
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,705
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,660
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,540
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	580
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	245
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	330
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,815
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	145
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,115
Bachelor's degree	1,470
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	185
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	35
Master's degree	345
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	75
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	17,245
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	8,085
Education	625
13. Education	625
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	355
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	60
50. Visual and performing arts	295
Humanities	610
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	50
23. English language and literature/letters	170
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	115
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	60
39. Theology and religious vocations	50
54. History	125
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,230
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	130
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	245
22. Legal professions and studies	145
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50
42. Psychology	245
45. Social sciences	405
Business, management and public administration	1,735
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	235
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,495
Physical and life sciences and technologies	325
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	115
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	55
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15
40. Physical sciences	95
41. Science technologies/technicians	40
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	250
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	200
25. Library science	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	35
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,560
04. Architecture and related services	60
14. Engineering	205
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	410
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	380
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	315
48. Precision production	185
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	205
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	125
03. Natural resources and conservation	75
Health and related fields	1,590
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	185
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,380
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	675
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	345
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	245
49. Transportation and materials moving	85
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	9,155
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,500
Education	290
13. Education	290
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	230
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20
50. Visual and performing arts	205
Humanities	300
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	25
23. English language and literature/letters	95
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	55
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	50
39. Theology and religious vocations	25
54. History	40
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	820
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	105
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	155
22. Legal professions and studies	110
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25
42. Psychology	155
45. Social sciences	245
Business, management and public administration	1,110
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	175
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	930
Physical and life sciences and technologies	180
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	65
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	35
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0
40. Physical sciences	50
41. Science technologies/technicians	25
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	170
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	145
25. Library science	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	25
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	905
04. Architecture and related services	35
14. Engineering	115
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	240
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	215
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	185
48. Precision production	105
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	140
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	90
03. Natural resources and conservation	50
Health and related fields	1,040
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	155
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	880
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	480
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	230
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	195
49. Transportation and materials moving	50
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	9,155
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,500
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	5,660
Location of study inside Canada	5,230
Same as province or territory of residence	4,915
Different than province or territory of residence	315
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	430
Americas	140
United States of America	100
Mexico	15
Cuba	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	10
Brazil	10
Colombia	0
Peru	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0
Europe	155
Belgium	0
France	0
Germany	0
Netherlands	0
Switzerland	0
Hungary	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	0
Romania	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	80
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Italy	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Other locations of study in Europe	35
Africa	20
Nigeria	0
Algeria	0
Morocco	0
Tunisia	0
Egypt	0
South Africa, Republic of	20
Other locations of study in Africa	0
Asia	95
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	10
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	10
Taiwan	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Japan	0
Korea, South⁹²	0
Philippines	30
Viet Nam	0
Bangladesh	0
Sri Lanka	0
India	20
Pakistan	0
Other locations of study in Asia	15
Oceania	25
Australia	25
New Zealand	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	17,245
In the labour force	8,765
Employed	7,680
Unemployed	1,090
Not in the labour force	8,480
Participation rate	50.8
Employment rate	44.5
Unemployment rate	12.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	17,245
Did not work¹⁸⁶	8,320
Worked	8,920
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	4,585
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	4,340
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	8,765
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	230
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	8,540
Employee	7,315
Permanent position	6,345
Temporary position	975
Fixed term (1 year or more)	325
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	650
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,220
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	8,765
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	230
All occupations¹⁹¹	8,540
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	80
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,185
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	445
3 Health occupations	755
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,170
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	285
6 Sales and service occupations	2,420
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,405
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	180
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	620
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	8,765
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	230
All industries¹⁹¹	8,540
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	50
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	35
22 Utilities	165
23 Construction	675
31-33 Manufacturing	1,015
41 Wholesale trade	210
44-45 Retail trade	1,185
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	265
51 Information and cultural industries	120
52 Finance and insurance	255
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	175
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	485
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	390
61 Educational services	570
62 Health care and social assistance	1,285
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	250
72 Accommodation and food services	585
81 Other services (except public administration)	310
91 Public administration	500
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	9,495
English	9,345
French	20
Non-official language	0
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	0
English and French	90
English and non-official language(s)	45
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	9,495
Single responses	9,475
Official languages	9,475
English	9,435
French	40
Non-official languages	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	0
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0
Chinese languages	0
Hakka	0
Mandarin	0
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	15
English and French	10
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	9,495
None	9,380
English	25
French	60
Non-official language	30
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	30
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	7,680
Worked at home	1,460
Worked outside Canada	30
No fixed workplace address	855
Usual place of work	5,330
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	5,330
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,220
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	965
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,130
Commute to a different province or territory	15
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	6,185
Car, truck or van	5,480
Car, truck or van - as a driver	4,995
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	480
Public transit	70
Walked	490
Bicycle	55
Other method	95
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	6,185
Less than 15 minutes	3,365
15 to 29 minutes	1,265
30 to 44 minutes	655
45 to 59 minutes	455
60 minutes and over	455
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	6,185
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	525
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,235
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,305
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,255
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	735
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,135
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	3,185
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	185
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,000
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	2,375
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	140
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	45
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	95
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,230

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed October 15, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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