Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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Topic:
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Age
Age characteristics
Commuting
Select all: Commuting
Commuting destination
Commuting duration
Main mode of commuting
Place of work status
Time leaving for work
Education
Select all: Education
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Ethnocultural and religious diversity
Select all: Ethnocultural and religious diversity
Ethnic or cultural origin
Religion
Visible minority
Families, households, and marital status
Select all: Families, households, and marital status
Family characteristics
Household type
Marital status
Housing
Household characteristics
Immigration, place of birth, and citizenship
Select all: Immigration, place of birth, and citizenship
Admission category and applicant type
Age at immigration
Citizenship
Generation status
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Pre-admission experience
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Income
Select all: Income
Income of economic families in 2020
Income of households in 2020
Income of individuals in 2019
Income of individuals in 2020
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Indigenous peoples
Select all: Indigenous peoples
Indigenous ancestry
Indigenous population
Instruction in the minority official language
Select all: Instruction in the minority official language
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Labour
Select all: Labour
Class of worker including job permanency
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Labour force status
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Work activity during the reference year
Language
Select all: Language
All languages spoken at home
First official language spoken
Knowledge of languages
Knowledge of official languages
Language spoken most often at home
Mother tongue
Other language spoken regularly at home
Language of work
Select all: Language of work
All languages used at work
Language used most often at work
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Mobility and migration
Select all: Mobility and migration
Mobility status 1 year ago
Mobility status 5 years ago
Population and dwelling counts
Population and dwellings
Type of dwelling
Household and dwelling characteristics
GenderMore information:


Statistic:
Characteristic CanadaMore information:

[Country]
Counts
Total Men＋ Women＋
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data76 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,310
Canadian citizens77 33,143,225 16,360,910 16,782,315
Canadian citizens aged under 18 6,784,875 3,486,545 3,298,330
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over 26,358,355 12,874,365 13,483,990
Not Canadian citizens78 3,185,250 1,576,255 1,608,995
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data79 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,310
Non-immigrants80 27,042,120 13,461,515 13,580,610
Immigrants81 8,361,505 3,976,160 4,385,340
Before 1980 1,540,610 731,340 809,265
1980 to 1990 924,320 443,805 480,520
1991 to 2000 1,511,475 708,315 803,165
2001 to 2010 1,930,525 911,190 1,019,340
2011 to 202182 2,454,570 1,181,515 1,273,055
2011 to 2015 1,126,330 536,615 589,715
2016 to 2021 1,328,240 644,900 683,335
Non-permanent residents83 924,850 499,490 425,365
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data84 8,361,505 3,976,160 4,385,345
Under 5 years 748,265 377,795 370,470
5 to 14 years 1,438,440 730,675 707,765
15 to 24 years 1,594,290 720,630 873,660
25 to 44 years 3,783,335 1,782,805 2,000,525
45 years and over 797,180 364,260 432,920
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data85 8,361,505 3,976,160 4,385,345
Americas 1,203,180 546,325 656,855
Brazil 48,450 22,405 26,050
Colombia 80,570 36,675 43,900
El Salvador 49,450 24,430 25,015
Guyana 85,530 37,870 47,660
Haiti 99,945 44,585 55,360
Jamaica 145,360 63,430 81,925
Mexico 90,585 42,215 48,370
Peru 31,420 13,925 17,490
Trinidad and Tobago 65,035 29,110 35,930
United States of America 256,090 115,380 140,705
Other places of birth in Americas 250,760 116,305 134,460
Europe 1,967,620 955,840 1,011,785
Bosnia and Herzegovina 35,925 17,705 18,220
Croatia 36,675 18,115 18,560
France 121,525 63,845 57,685
Germany 126,470 60,560 65,915
Greece 54,715 27,050 27,665
Hungary 31,050 14,595 16,450
Italy 204,065 101,445 102,625
Netherlands 75,830 39,020 36,810
Poland 135,030 60,660 74,370
Portugal 128,795 62,880 65,910
Romania 86,770 40,820 45,955
Russian Federation 81,840 35,185 46,650
Serbia86 31,925 15,480 16,450
Ukraine 81,135 36,840 44,295
United Kingdom87 464,135 229,710 234,430
Other places of birth in Europe 271,725 131,935 139,790
Africa 821,735 412,365 409,375
Algeria 79,660 41,065 38,600
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 33,110 15,775 17,340
Egypt 73,710 38,730 34,980
Eritrea 31,385 16,575 14,815
Ethiopia 41,715 19,955 21,760
Morocco 81,775 41,085 40,685
Nigeria 81,290 41,665 39,620
Somalia 32,500 14,600 17,900
South Africa, Republic of 51,590 25,740 25,855
Other places of birth in Africa 314,995 157,170 157,825
Asia 4,307,000 2,030,575 2,276,420
Afghanistan 62,450 30,940 31,515
Iran88 182,940 92,300 90,645
Iraq 84,130 42,660 41,465
Lebanon 95,725 50,675 45,055
Syria89 97,590 49,855 47,735
Turkey 35,270 18,835 16,435
China90 715,835 317,970 397,860
Hong Kong91 213,855 100,480 113,375
Korea, South92 138,355 63,025 75,325
Taiwan 65,365 28,725 36,635
Philippines 719,580 305,115 414,460
Viet Nam 182,095 82,670 99,425
Bangladesh 70,090 35,675 34,415
India 898,050 451,120 446,930
Pakistan 234,105 118,390 115,715
Sri Lanka 136,240 66,215 70,030
Other places of birth in Asia 375,340 175,930 199,410
Oceania and other places of birth93 61,965 31,055 30,910
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data94 1,328,240 644,900 683,340
Americas 154,490 74,275 80,215
Brazil 19,895 9,340 10,560
Colombia 11,455 5,090 6,365
Haiti 10,550 5,155 5,400
Jamaica 15,155 7,740 7,420
Mexico 17,150 8,405 8,745
United States of America 39,875 19,790 20,085
Venezuela95 7,060 2,980 4,075
Other places of birth in Americas 33,350 15,785 17,570
Europe 134,425 69,310 65,120
France 27,175 14,560 12,610
Germany 5,365 2,660 2,705
Ireland96 6,355 4,000 2,350
Italy 4,240 2,470 1,770
Russian Federation 10,905 4,335 6,570
Ukraine 14,515 6,570 7,945
United Kingdom87 22,755 13,550 9,200
Other places of birth in Europe 43,120 21,160 21,960
Africa 206,965 102,875 104,090
Algeria 15,745 7,530 8,220
Burundi 4,935 2,420 2,510
Cameroon 11,795 5,545 6,250
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 8,915 4,200 4,720
Côte d'Ivoire 7,915 3,795 4,125
Egypt 12,120 6,285 5,835
Eritrea 16,330 8,755 7,575
Ethiopia 9,385 4,415 4,970
Morocco 12,835 6,025 6,810
Nigeria 40,360 20,575 19,780
Somalia 6,315 3,240 3,075
South Africa, Republic of 8,510 4,290 4,220
Sudan97 4,690 2,375 2,315
Tunisia 8,155 4,185 3,975
Other places of birth in Africa 38,960 19,250 19,715
Asia 823,205 393,110 430,090
Afghanistan 12,730 6,290 6,440
Bangladesh 13,185 6,670 6,515
China90 118,035 50,365 67,665
Hong Kong91 6,495 2,880 3,620
India 246,995 128,205 118,790
Iran88 25,650 12,310 13,340
Iraq 17,715 8,835 8,875
Israel 4,850 2,565 2,290
Japan 4,445 1,035 3,410
Jordan 4,635 2,375 2,260
Korea, South92 20,985 8,790 12,200
Lebanon 9,980 5,120 4,860
Nepal 4,890 2,475 2,415
Pakistan 36,255 18,070 18,190
Philippines 151,490 66,720 84,765
Saudi Arabia 9,560 5,195 4,365
Sri Lanka 8,480 4,010 4,465
Syria89 63,130 32,725 30,410
Turkey 10,150 5,520 4,635
United Arab Emirates 8,405 4,325 4,085
Viet Nam 14,725 5,605 9,125
Other places of birth in Asia 30,410 13,035 17,375
Oceania and other93 9,160 5,335 3,825
Australia 6,535 3,845 2,685
Other places of birth98 2,625 1,490 1,135
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data99 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315
First generation100 9,606,595 4,631,905 4,974,690
Second generation101 6,393,310 3,207,980 3,185,330
Third generation or more102 20,328,565 10,097,280 10,231,290
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data103 6,820,895 3,244,820 3,576,075
Economic immigrants104 3,673,705 1,837,625 1,836,090
Principal applicants105 1,556,675 935,790 620,885
Secondary applicants106 2,117,030 901,835 1,215,200
Immigrants sponsored by family107 2,016,010 821,325 1,194,685
Refugees108 1,039,275 543,725 495,550
Other immigrants109 91,900 42,145 49,755
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data110 6,820,895 3,244,820 3,576,075
Asylum claim before admission111 416,105 222,895 193,205
Work permits only before admission112 705,405 324,370 381,035
Study permits only before admission113 183,250 92,135 91,110
Work and study permits before admission114 377,130 188,535 188,590
Other permits before admission115 39,540 15,685 23,855
No pre-admission experience116 5,099,470 2,401,190 2,698,280
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data117 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315
Total visible minority population118 9,639,205 4,712,790 4,926,415
South Asian 2,571,400 1,324,120 1,247,275
Chinese 1,715,770 808,745 907,035
Black 1,547,870 754,100 793,765
Filipino 957,355 427,755 529,600
Arab 694,015 362,845 331,170
Latin American 580,235 281,030 299,200
Southeast Asian 390,340 184,120 206,220
West Asian 360,495 181,795 178,695
Korean 218,140 101,855 116,285
Japanese 98,890 42,315 56,575
Visible minority, n.i.e.119 172,885 83,310 89,580
Multiple visible minorities 331,805 160,790 171,010
Not a visible minority120 26,689,275 13,224,375 13,464,900
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data121 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,310
Canadian 5,677,205 2,836,675 2,840,530
English 5,322,830 2,600,245 2,722,580
Irish 4,413,120 2,102,610 2,310,505
Scottish 4,392,200 2,131,620 2,260,580
French, n.o.s.122 3,985,945 1,964,695 2,021,250
German 2,955,695 1,449,465 1,506,230
Chinese 1,713,870 806,365 907,500
Italian 1,546,390 774,250 772,140
Indian (India) 1,347,715 691,535 656,185
Ukrainian 1,258,635 612,455 646,175
Dutch 988,585 489,045 499,545
Polish 982,820 472,290 510,525
Québécois 981,635 490,130 491,510
British Isles, n.o.s.123 938,950 462,420 476,530
Filipino 925,490 414,915 510,570
French Canadian 906,315 441,610 464,705
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.124 691,260 347,080 344,175
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.125 632,340 304,220 328,120
Métis 560,335 271,985 288,350
European, n.o.s.126 551,910 278,060 273,850
Russian 548,140 260,075 288,065
Norwegian 466,500 224,290 242,210
Welsh 455,720 216,490 239,230
Portuguese 448,305 222,770 225,535
American 353,495 172,240 181,255
Spanish 342,040 160,475 181,570
Swedish 334,505 156,840 177,665
Hungarian 320,150 155,755 164,395
Acadian 305,170 145,500 159,675
Pakistani 303,260 154,435 148,825
African, n.o.s.127 301,955 148,335 153,625
Jewish 282,015 141,530 140,490
Punjabi 279,950 145,620 134,330
Vietnamese 275,530 131,075 144,445
Arab, n.o.s.128 263,710 138,210 125,500
Greek 262,140 132,975 129,160
Jamaican 249,070 119,265 129,805
Asian, n.o.s.129 226,220 107,785 118,435
Cree, n.o.s.130 219,855 105,825 114,030
Korean 217,650 101,805 115,845
Romanian 215,885 103,720 112,165
Lebanese 210,605 107,990 102,615
Iranian 200,465 100,790 99,675
Christian, n.i.e.131 200,340 99,800 100,540
Danish 196,945 96,220 100,725
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.132 194,840 94,035 100,810
Sikh 194,640 101,255 93,385
Austrian 189,535 92,740 96,800
Belgian 182,175 90,150 92,030
Haitian 178,990 84,510 94,490
Hindu 166,160 87,665 78,495
Mexican 155,495 77,435 78,055
Mennonite 155,095 77,735 77,360
Swiss 145,570 72,015 73,555
Finnish 144,055 69,270 74,785
Sri Lankan 132,410 65,175 67,240
Croatian 130,820 64,915 65,905
Japanese 129,425 56,850 72,580
South Asian, n.o.s.133 120,125 60,575 59,550
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.134 111,605 53,700 57,905
Northern European, n.o.s.135 110,735 54,730 56,005
Muslim 105,620 54,095 51,525
Egyptian 105,245 55,230 50,020
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.136 104,765 51,375 53,395
Tamil 102,170 51,165 51,005
Icelandic 101,990 50,370 51,620
Colombian 100,555 47,995 52,560
Moroccan 99,980 50,835 49,150
Czech 98,925 47,495 51,430
Syrian 98,250 49,385 48,865
Guyanese 97,210 46,270 50,940
Afghan 96,810 48,255 48,550
Black, n.o.s.137 94,585 44,335 50,250
Serbian 93,360 46,945 46,410
Ojibway 92,220 44,610 47,600
Newfoundlander 91,670 45,665 46,005
Hong Konger 81,680 39,485 42,195
Ontarian 80,555 39,675 40,880
Persian 80,340 41,415 38,925
Trinidadian/Tobagonian 77,405 37,655 39,750
Turkish 76,745 39,955 36,795
Inuit, n.o.s.138 76,675 37,315 39,365
Bangladeshi 75,425 39,085 36,335
Algerian 73,770 38,035 35,740
Brazilian 71,755 34,670 37,085
Nigerian 69,540 34,680 34,860
Armenian 68,850 34,105 34,745
Slovak 68,210 33,475 34,740
Eastern European, n.o.s.139 66,780 31,525 35,255
Somali 65,555 31,555 33,995
Taiwanese 64,020 29,280 34,740
Iraqi 59,300 29,865 29,435
Salvadorean 59,280 29,150 30,130
African Caribbean 59,050 26,385 32,670
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.140 58,870 27,845 31,025
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.141 58,840 30,560 28,280
Caribbean, n.o.s.142 57,195 25,715 31,475
Algonquin 56,070 27,025 29,040
West Indian, n.o.s.143 52,085 23,685 28,395
Lithuanian 52,040 24,510 27,530
South African 49,840 24,885 24,955
Australian 46,765 24,165 22,595
Palestinian 45,905 23,930 21,975
Chilean 45,685 22,520 23,165
Congolese 45,260 22,000 23,260
Nova Scotian 44,720 21,700 23,025
Ethiopian 42,545 20,675 21,875
Hispanic, n.o.s.144 42,405 20,105 22,300
Peruvian 42,295 19,925 22,370
Yoruba 42,075 21,740 20,330
Cambodian (Khmer) 41,950 19,835 22,115
Berber 41,700 22,325 19,370
Albanian 41,620 21,050 20,570
Maltese 40,670 20,210 20,455
Macedonian 39,440 19,500 19,940
Slovenian 38,595 18,785 19,815
Western European, n.o.s.145 38,520 18,935 19,585
New Brunswicker 37,670 18,235 19,435
Gujarati 36,970 19,580 17,385
Eritrean 36,290 18,185 18,110
African Canadian 35,395 17,140 18,250
Israeli 35,345 18,410 16,940
Mohawk 33,330 16,485 16,845
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.146 33,135 15,355 17,775
Bulgarian 33,085 16,235 16,850
Albertan 32,575 16,525 16,055
Ghanaian 31,720 15,650 16,065
Barbadian 31,440 15,265 16,175
African American 31,430 15,700 15,730
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.147 30,565 14,635 15,930
Tunisian 30,465 16,585 13,875
Slavic, n.o.s.148 30,220 15,225 14,995
Cuban 30,065 14,830 15,235
Bosnian 28,490 14,320 14,170
Venezuelan 28,395 13,220 15,175
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.149 28,225 13,490 14,735
Latvian 28,140 13,515 14,620
Bengali 26,675 13,830 12,850
Cameroonian 26,535 12,960 13,580
Guatemalan 26,460 13,920 12,540
Indonesian 26,330 11,910 14,415
Laotian 25,875 12,500 13,375
Ilocano 25,575 11,860 13,715
Northern Irish 25,200 12,495 12,710
Celtic, n.o.s.150 24,420 12,265 12,155
British Columbian 24,325 12,230 12,095
Ecuadorian 24,255 11,510 12,745
Franco Ontarian 24,110 11,540 12,570
Argentinian 23,500 11,665 11,840
Estonian 23,455 11,080 12,375
Kurdish 23,130 12,670 10,460
Fijian 23,020 11,040 11,980
Jatt 22,785 11,695 11,090
North American, n.o.s.151 22,785 11,680 11,105
Coptic 22,570 11,405 11,165
Thai 22,275 8,525 13,750
Dominican 22,125 10,615 11,510
Nepali 21,975 11,215 10,765
Kabyle 20,565 10,595 9,975
Assyrian 19,685 9,730 9,955
Igbo 19,305 9,890 9,415
Byelorussian 18,850 9,055 9,795
Dene, n.o.s.152 18,745 9,030 9,710
Blackfoot, n.o.s.153 18,545 8,975 9,570
Abenaki 18,420 8,545 9,870
Moldovan 18,190 8,850 9,340
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.154 17,955 8,625 9,330
New Zealander 17,755 9,275 8,470
Sudanese 17,485 8,825 8,665
Breton 17,465 8,710 8,755
Pennsylvania Dutch 17,315 7,300 10,020
Malaysian 17,050 7,935 9,115
Plains Cree 16,570 8,255 8,310
North African, n.o.s.155 16,315 8,565 7,750
Huron (Wendat) 15,910 7,715 8,195
Saskatchewanian 15,780 7,505 8,280
Buddhist 15,660 7,485 8,175
Gaspesian 15,650 7,290 8,360
Norman 15,340 8,155 7,190
Southern or East African, n.o.s.156 15,055 7,180 7,875
Ivorian 15,010 7,255 7,755
Saulteaux 14,265 6,730 7,535
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.157 14,260 6,525 7,735
Burundian 14,110 6,810 7,295
Tigrinya 13,910 7,435 6,470
Nicaraguan 13,840 6,730 7,120
Mauritian 13,755 7,020 6,730
Kenyan 13,565 6,510 7,055
Oji-Cree 13,525 6,610 6,915
Vincentian 13,245 5,800 7,445
Jordanian 13,225 7,055 6,170
Manitoban 13,095 6,530 6,565
Cape Bretoner 13,065 6,175 6,885
Rwandan 12,890 6,150 6,740
Grenadian 12,890 5,965 6,930
Malayali 12,490 6,580 5,910
Chaldean 12,115 6,080 6,035
Sinhalese 12,080 5,905 6,170
Mayan 11,710 5,980 5,730
Honduran 10,920 5,370 5,550
Cherokee 10,825 5,080 5,745
Qalipu Mi'kmaq 10,750 5,130 5,620
Indo-Caribbean 10,490 4,710 5,775
Flemish 10,275 4,950 5,325
United Empire Loyalist 10,015 4,975 5,045
Senegalese 9,955 5,115 4,840
Azerbaijani 9,915 5,165 4,750
Sicilian 9,835 5,135 4,695
Pashtun 9,825 5,195 4,625
Malay 9,795 4,725 5,065
Goan 9,700 4,710 4,990
Bantu, n.o.s.158 9,455 4,705 4,755
Tibetan 9,350 4,650 4,700
Zimbabwean 9,165 4,435 4,725
Burmese 9,150 4,385 4,760
Mongolian 9,090 4,240 4,850
Azorean 8,970 4,235 4,735
Atikamekw 8,400 4,270 4,125
Bamileke 8,315 4,220 4,090
Indo-Guyanese 8,310 3,765 4,545
Ugandan 8,285 3,910 4,375
Oromo 8,255 4,425 3,830
Tanzanian 8,140 3,945 4,195
Yemeni 8,115 3,995 4,130
Central African 8,080 3,830 4,250
Libyan 7,945 4,265 3,680
Basque 7,745 4,030 3,710
Uruguayan 7,660 3,870 3,790
Akan, n.o.s.159 7,640 3,835 3,805
Central or West African, n.o.s.160 7,635 3,690 3,950
Igorot 7,535 3,305 4,230
Fulani 7,480 3,865 3,620
Woodland Cree 7,415 3,615 3,800
Guinean 7,390 3,700 3,695
St. Lucian 7,285 3,340 3,945
Prince Edward Islander 7,225 3,355 3,875
Maliseet 7,220 3,515 3,705
Beninese 6,810 3,630 3,180
Telugu 6,670 3,730 2,945
Roma 6,545 3,225 3,320
Costa Rican 6,500 3,265 3,230
African Nova Scotian 6,480 2,945 3,535
Malagasy 6,255 3,085 3,170
Kashmiri 6,165 3,020 3,145
Singaporean 6,060 2,755 3,305
Karen 6,050 3,065 2,985
Edo 5,985 2,995 2,995
Tajik 5,980 2,965 3,015
Amhara 5,945 3,010 2,930
Paraguayan 5,925 2,855 3,075
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data161 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315
Buddhist 356,975 157,435 199,540
Christian 19,373,325 9,131,320 10,242,005
Christian, n.o.s.162 2,760,760 1,319,760 1,440,995
Anabaptist 144,145 70,095 74,050
Anglican 1,134,315 515,270 619,045
Baptist 436,940 200,325 236,615
Catholic 10,880,360 5,193,345 5,687,010
Christian Orthodox 623,010 301,055 321,955
Jehovah's Witness 137,255 59,505 77,750
Latter Day Saints 87,725 41,365 46,360
Lutheran 328,045 150,115 177,925
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness) 100,655 46,640 54,020
Pentecostal and other Charismatic 399,025 180,870 218,155
Presbyterian 301,400 136,440 164,960
Reformed 79,870 39,250 40,620
United Church 1,214,185 531,740 682,445
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions 745,650 345,540 400,110
Hindu 828,195 430,135 398,060
Jewish 335,295 164,220 171,070
Muslim 1,775,715 904,205 871,510
Sikh 771,790 394,345 377,445
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality 80,685 38,460 42,230
Other religions and spiritual traditions 229,015 97,645 131,370
No religion and secular perspectives 12,577,475 6,619,395 5,958,080

Note: Gender

Gender refers to an individual's personal and social identity as a man, woman or non-binary person (a person who is not exclusively a man or a woman).

Gender includes the following concepts:

  • gender identity, which refers to the gender that a person feels internally and individually;
  • gender expression, which refers to the way a person presents their gender, regardless of their gender identity, through body language, aesthetic choices or accessories (e.g., clothes, hairstyle and makeup), which may have traditionally been associated with a specific gender.

A person's gender may differ from their sex at birth, and from what is indicated on their current identification or legal documents such as their birth certificate, passport or driver's licence. A person's gender may change over time.

Some people may not identify with a specific gender.

Given that the non-binary population is small, data aggregation to a two-category gender variable is sometimes necessary to protect the confidentiality of responses provided. In these cases, individuals in the category "non-binary persons" are distributed into the other two gender categories and are denoted by the "＋" symbol.

"Men＋" includes men (and/or boys), as well as some non-binary persons.

"Women＋" includes women (and/or girls), as well as some non-binary persons.

Source

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed February 16, 2026).

Note(s):

Footnote 76

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 77

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 78

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 79

'Immigrant status' refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

'Period of immigration' refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 80

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 81

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 82

Includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 83

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country with a usual place of residence in Canada and who have a work or study permit or who have claimed refugee status (asylum claimants). Family members living with work or study permit holders are also included, unless these family members are already Canadian citizens, landed immigrants or permanent residents.

Footnote 84

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 85

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 86

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 87

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 88

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 89

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 90

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 91

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 92

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 93

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 94

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2016 and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 95

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 96

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 97

The full name of Sudan is the Republic of the Sudan.

Footnote 98

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 99

'Generation status' refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 100

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 101

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 102

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with all parents born in Canada.

Footnote 103

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on their application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 104

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 105

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 106

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 107

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 108

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 109

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 110

'Pre-admission experience' refers to the category under which an immigrant was authorized to enter Canada for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

In the 2021 Census of Population, data on pre-admission experience are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980, and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 111

This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim with a work and/or study permit before admission.

Footnote 112

This category includes immigrants who had a work permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A work permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to work on a temporary basis in Canada. Work permits set out conditions for the worker, such as the type of work and employer, location of work, and timeline of work.

Footnote 113

This category includes immigrants who had a study permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A study permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to study at an educational institution in Canada for the duration of the program of study.

Footnote 114

This category includes immigrants who had both a work and a study permit before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 115

This category includes immigrants who had a permit other than a work permit, study permit, or asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 116

This category includes immigrants who did not have a permit for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 117

'Visible minority' refers to whether a person is a visible minority or not, as defined by the Employment Equity Act. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Arab, Latin American, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

For more information on visible minority and population group variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 118

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

Footnote 119

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes persons who provided responses that are classified as a visible minority, but that cannot be classified with a specific visible minority group. Such responses include, for example, "Guyanese," "Pacific Islander," "Polynesian," "Tibetan" and "West Indian."

Footnote 120

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, this category is referred to as "the rest of the population."

Footnote 121

'Ethnic or cultural origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. Ancestors may have Indigenous origins, origins that refer to different countries or other origins that may not refer to different countries.

The sum of the ethnic or cultural origins in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic or cultural origin in the census.

The ethnic groups selected are the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

For more information on ethnic or cultural origin variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Ethnic or Cultural Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 122

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating French origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "French").

Footnote 123

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating British Isles origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "British," "United Kingdom").

Footnote 124

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caucasian (White) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caucasian").

Footnote 125

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating First Nations (North American Indian) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "First Nations," "North American Indian").

Footnote 126

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "European").

Footnote 127

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "African").

Footnote 128

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Arab origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Arab").

Footnote 129

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Asian").

Footnote 130

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Cree origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Cree").

Footnote 131

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes responses indicating Christian origins, not included elsewhere (e.g., "Christian," "Baptist," "Catholic").

Footnote 132

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American Indigenous origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Aboriginal," "Indigenous").

Footnote 133

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating South Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "South Asian").

Footnote 134

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Mi'kmaq origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Mi'kmaq").

Footnote 135

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Northern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Northern European," "Scandinavian").

Footnote 136

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Latin American," "South American").

Footnote 137

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Black origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Black").

Footnote 138

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Inuit origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Inuit").

Footnote 139

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Eastern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Eastern European").

Footnote 140

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating East or Southeast Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East Asian," "Southeast Asian").

Footnote 141

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central Asian," "Middle Eastern," "West Asian").

Footnote 142

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caribbean origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caribbean").

Footnote 143

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West Indian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "West Indian").

Footnote 144

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Hispanic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Hispanic").

Footnote 145

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Western European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Western European").

Footnote 146

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Czechoslovakian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Czechoslovakian").

Footnote 147

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Yugoslavian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Yugoslavian").

Footnote 148

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Slavic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Slavic").

Footnote 149

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Innu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Innu," "Montagnais").

Footnote 150

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Celtic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Celtic").

Footnote 151

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North American").

Footnote 152

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Dene origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Dene").

Footnote 153

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Blackfoot origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Blackfoot").

Footnote 154

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Iroquoian (Haudenosaunee) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Iroquois," "Haudenosaunee").

Footnote 155

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North African").

Footnote 156

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Southern or East African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East African").

Footnote 157

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified.' This category includes responses indicating Anishinaabe origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Anishinaabe").

Footnote 158

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Bantu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Bantu").

Footnote 159

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Akan origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Akan").

Footnote 160

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Central or West African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central African," "West African").

Footnote 161

'Religion' refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination, group, body, or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a religious organization or group. This variable shows the aggregated responses to the religion question. For infants or children, religion refers to the specific religious group or denomination in which they are being raised, if any. Persons without a religious connection or affiliation can self-identify as atheist, agnostic or humanist, or can provide another applicable response. For more information on religion variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Religion Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 162

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses of "Christian," not otherwise specified (e.g., "Christian," "Christianity").

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