Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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Age
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Education
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Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
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Statistic:
Characteristic QuebecMore information:

[Province]
Counts Rates
Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data36 8,406,905 4,163,945 4,242,960 100.0 100.0 100.0
English only 445,575 228,840 216,735 5.3 5.5 5.1
French only 3,980,275 1,864,675 2,115,605 47.3 44.8 49.9
English and French 3,898,980 2,035,230 1,863,750 46.4 48.9 43.9
Neither English nor French 82,075 35,200 46,875 1.0 0.8 1.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data37 8,406,905 4,163,945 4,242,960 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 1,088,820 548,595 540,225 13.0 13.2 12.7
French 6,909,570 3,412,705 3,496,860 82.2 82.0 82.4
English and French 329,515 169,050 160,465 3.9 4.1 3.8
Neither English nor French 79,000 33,590 45,410 0.9 0.8 1.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data38 8,406,905 4,163,945 4,242,960 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 8,098,360 4,008,495 4,089,865 96.3 96.3 96.4
Official languages 6,930,810 3,438,050 3,492,755 82.4 82.6 82.3
English 639,365 323,170 316,195 7.6 7.8 7.5
French 6,291,440 3,114,885 3,176,565 74.8 74.8 74.9
Non-official languages 1,167,550 570,440 597,110 13.9 13.7 14.1
Indigenous languages39 41,820 20,480 21,345 0.5 0.5 0.5
Algonquian languages 28,925 14,200 14,730 0.3 0.3 0.3
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 27,870 13,715 14,160 0.3 0.3 0.3
Atikamekw 5,490 2,825 2,665 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cree languages 14,905 7,410 7,495 0.2 0.2 0.2
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 565 290 275 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 3,235 1,565 1,670 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 70 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 90 50 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 60 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 10,870 5,435 5,435 0.1 0.1 0.1
Innu (Montagnais) 6,870 3,180 3,695 0.1 0.1 0.1
Naskapi 610 300 310 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 190 75 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 190 75 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 860 410 450 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 820 385 435 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 12,775 6,220 6,550 0.2 0.1 0.2
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 12,770 6,220 6,550 0.2 0.1 0.2
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 65 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 60 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 15 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 1,125,730 549,960 575,770 13.4 13.2 13.6
Afro-Asiatic languages 233,220 122,895 110,320 2.8 3.0 2.6
Berber languages 25,990 13,860 12,130 0.3 0.3 0.3
Kabyle 23,735 12,570 11,165 0.3 0.3 0.3
Tamazight 1,975 1,130 840 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 285 160 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 980 510 470 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 425 235 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 555 280 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 320 170 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 1,330 620 705 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 1,275 595 680 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 204,600 107,735 96,865 2.4 2.6 2.3
Amharic 735 345 385 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 198,785 104,765 94,020 2.4 2.5 2.2
Aramaic languages 525 250 270 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 170 85 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 300 150 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 3,680 1,930 1,750 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 20 5 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 810 415 395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 37,425 17,185 20,240 0.4 0.4 0.5
Khmer (Cambodian) 8,730 3,975 4,755 0.1 0.1 0.1
Vietnamese 28,630 13,180 15,450 0.3 0.3 0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 25,580 10,200 15,375 0.3 0.2 0.4
Bikol 140 55 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 465 175 290 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 1,050 370 685 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fijian 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 590 205 385 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 2,125 855 1,275 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 730 255 475 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 25 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 1,810 870 940 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 1,180 545 630 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 630 325 310 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 75 30 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 225 95 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 120 55 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 17,710 7,005 10,705 0.2 0.2 0.3
Waray-Waray 65 20 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 410 185 230 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 62,640 28,375 34,265 0.7 0.7 0.8
Haitian Creole 46,475 20,690 25,785 0.6 0.5 0.6
Jamaican English Creole 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 3,115 1,555 1,555 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 490 240 250 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 11,980 5,620 6,360 0.1 0.1 0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e. 555 255 300 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 18,350 9,425 8,925 0.2 0.2 0.2
Kannada 375 215 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 1,800 945 850 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamil 14,235 7,030 7,205 0.2 0.2 0.2
Telugu 1,895 1,215 680 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tulu 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 150 70 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 595,790 290,670 305,115 7.1 7.0 7.2
Albanian 3,310 1,660 1,650 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 16,890 8,225 8,670 0.2 0.2 0.2
Balto-Slavic languages 68,295 30,855 37,435 0.8 0.7 0.9
Baltic languages 725 285 440 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 235 100 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 490 185 300 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 67,565 30,570 36,995 0.8 0.7 0.9
Belarusian 75 35 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 6,735 3,240 3,495 0.1 0.1 0.1
Czech 1,345 625 725 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 220 110 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 12,495 5,380 7,120 0.1 0.1 0.2
Russian 31,700 14,115 17,590 0.4 0.3 0.4
Rusyn 0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 8,415 4,180 4,235 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bosnian 2,065 1,040 1,030 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 2,380 1,155 1,225 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 3,720 1,865 1,855 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 250 120 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 855 380 475 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 600 265 335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 5,065 2,220 2,845 0.1 0.1 0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 50 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 130 80 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 25 20 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 40 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 55 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 25,580 12,440 13,140 0.3 0.3 0.3
Frisian 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 21,145 10,240 10,910 0.3 0.2 0.3
German 11,055 5,090 5,970 0.1 0.1 0.1
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 1,110 565 540 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 8,980 4,585 4,395 0.1 0.1 0.1
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 3,175 1,580 1,590 0.0 0.0 0.0
Afrikaans 170 90 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 2,590 1,305 1,285 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 400 185 220 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 1,140 560 575 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 360 175 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 190 100 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 530 260 275 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 105 50 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 34,080 16,735 17,345 0.4 0.4 0.4
Indo-Iranian languages 101,450 52,780 48,665 1.2 1.3 1.1
Indo-Aryan languages 63,025 33,465 29,555 0.7 0.8 0.7
Assamese 30 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 12,140 6,220 5,920 0.1 0.1 0.1
Gujarati 7,070 3,655 3,415 0.1 0.1 0.1
Hindi 5,445 3,080 2,360 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kacchi 170 80 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 80 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 520 285 235 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 1,105 560 545 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya languages 65 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 40 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 23,825 12,975 10,855 0.3 0.3 0.3
Rohingya 115 45 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 100 60 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 725 375 350 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 11,320 5,860 5,465 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 265 150 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 38,400 19,305 19,090 0.5 0.5 0.4
Baluchi 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 1,120 630 485 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 35 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 1,490 810 680 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 35,615 17,770 17,850 0.4 0.4 0.4
Dari 10,665 5,370 5,295 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iranian Persian 22,130 10,990 11,140 0.3 0.3 0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 2,820 1,410 1,410 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 125 65 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 346,000 167,870 178,130 4.1 4.0 4.2
Catalan 330 165 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 90,940 44,080 46,865 1.1 1.1 1.1
Portuguese 41,545 19,890 21,650 0.5 0.5 0.5
Romanian 35,810 17,115 18,695 0.4 0.4 0.4
Spanish 177,155 86,490 90,660 2.1 2.1 2.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 225 125 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 55 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 2,760 795 1,965 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korean 6,670 2,860 3,815 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mongolian 225 90 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 33,495 16,630 16,865 0.4 0.4 0.4
Akan (Twi) 985 490 490 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 1,490 795 700 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 90 40 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 995 535 465 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 2,665 1,380 1,285 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 70 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 50 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 145 85 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 3,420 1,530 1,895 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 2,975 1,340 1,635 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 285 145 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 405 205 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 40 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 60 20 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 4,585 2,165 2,415 0.1 0.1 0.1
Shona 125 60 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 270 175 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 3,975 1,935 2,035 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wojenaka 910 435 475 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 3,940 2,100 1,840 0.0 0.1 0.0
Yoruba 875 470 410 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 5,105 2,630 2,475 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages 1,010 535 480 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 845 450 400 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 155 80 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 1,280 680 600 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 120 60 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 930 485 445 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 225 130 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 87,540 40,170 47,375 1.0 1.0 1.1
Chinese languages 87,155 39,990 47,160 1.0 1.0 1.1
Hakka 470 200 270 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 57,445 26,210 31,235 0.7 0.6 0.7
Min Dong 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 2,670 1,180 1,485 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 790 365 430 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 24,235 11,275 12,965 0.3 0.3 0.3
Chinese, n.o.s. 1,425 710 715 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 80 35 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 310 140 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 80 25 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 130 65 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 75 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 80 45 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 4,855 2,040 2,820 0.1 0.0 0.1
Lao 3,815 1,805 2,010 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 1,015 220 795 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 9,230 4,775 4,455 0.1 0.1 0.1
Azerbaijani 410 250 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 50 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 8,220 4,240 3,975 0.1 0.1 0.1
Uyghur 235 110 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 170 80 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 140 60 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 5,335 2,465 2,865 0.1 0.1 0.1
Estonian 160 60 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 305 120 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 4,865 2,290 2,575 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other languages, n.i.e. 170 95 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 308,550 155,455 153,095 3.7 3.7 3.6
English and French 126,405 64,585 61,820 1.5 1.6 1.5
English and non-official language(s) 49,485 24,660 24,825 0.6 0.6 0.6
French and non-official language(s) 94,205 46,880 47,320 1.1 1.1 1.1
English, French and non-official language(s) 28,685 14,700 13,985 0.3 0.4 0.3
Multiple non-official languages 9,765 4,625 5,140 0.1 0.1 0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data40 8,406,905 4,163,945 4,242,960 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 623,305 313,780 309,520 7.4 7.5 7.3
French 6,032,885 2,983,330 3,049,555 71.8 71.6 71.9
Non-official language 366,730 177,410 189,315 4.4 4.3 4.5
Indigenous39 23,080 11,585 11,495 0.3 0.3 0.3
Non-Indigenous 343,650 165,830 177,825 4.1 4.0 4.2
English and French 497,380 256,735 240,645 5.9 6.2 5.7
English and non-official language(s) 205,755 102,290 103,470 2.4 2.5 2.4
French and non-official language(s) 375,795 179,585 196,210 4.5 4.3 4.6
English, French and non-official language(s) 284,940 141,275 143,665 3.4 3.4 3.4
Multiple non-official languages 20,125 9,545 10,585 0.2 0.2 0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data41 8,406,905 4,163,945 4,242,960 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 8,049,665 3,987,880 4,061,785 95.8 95.8 95.7
Official languages 7,387,055 3,665,020 3,722,030 87.9 88.0 87.7
English 874,185 438,570 435,615 10.4 10.5 10.3
French 6,512,870 3,226,445 3,286,420 77.5 77.5 77.5
Non-official languages 662,615 322,860 339,750 7.9 7.8 8.0
Indigenous languages39 34,245 17,040 17,200 0.4 0.4 0.4
Algonquian languages 22,430 11,165 11,265 0.3 0.3 0.3
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 22,115 11,025 11,090 0.3 0.3 0.3
Atikamekw 4,330 2,275 2,055 0.1 0.1 0.0
Cree languages 11,895 5,960 5,935 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 560 295 265 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 2,495 1,205 1,290 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 65 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 8,680 4,370 4,310 0.1 0.1 0.1
Innu (Montagnais) 5,400 2,540 2,860 0.1 0.1 0.1
Naskapi 490 255 240 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 80 30 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 75 30 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 230 110 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 215 100 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 11,755 5,840 5,910 0.1 0.1 0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 11,750 5,840 5,910 0.1 0.1 0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 628,365 305,820 322,555 7.5 7.3 7.6
Afro-Asiatic languages 116,685 59,645 57,040 1.4 1.4 1.3
Berber languages 10,635 5,585 5,045 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kabyle 9,765 5,115 4,655 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tamazight 670 365 305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 195 110 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 335 165 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 180 85 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 155 75 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 225 115 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 605 280 325 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 580 265 315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 104,890 53,505 51,380 1.2 1.3 1.2
Amharic 330 155 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 102,120 52,125 49,990 1.2 1.3 1.2
Aramaic languages 380 185 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 130 60 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 200 105 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 1,515 760 755 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 490 250 240 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 24,500 11,410 13,090 0.3 0.3 0.3
Khmer (Cambodian) 4,875 2,200 2,670 0.1 0.1 0.1
Vietnamese 19,595 9,185 10,405 0.2 0.2 0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 13,845 6,335 7,515 0.2 0.2 0.2
Bikol 45 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 225 100 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 560 240 320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 320 135 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 1,175 510 665 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 255 115 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 610 325 285 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 305 165 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 300 160 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 125 60 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 10,260 4,690 5,570 0.1 0.1 0.1
Waray-Waray 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 185 90 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 26,985 11,815 15,170 0.3 0.3 0.4
Haitian Creole 19,535 8,310 11,230 0.2 0.2 0.3
Jamaican English Creole 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 1,590 765 825 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 230 110 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 5,390 2,520 2,865 0.1 0.1 0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e. 220 110 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 13,800 6,935 6,865 0.2 0.2 0.2
Kannada 190 105 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 1,225 645 580 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamil 11,215 5,465 5,755 0.1 0.1 0.1
Telugu 1,140 700 435 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tulu 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 60 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 336,635 164,100 172,535 4.0 3.9 4.1
Albanian 1,910 945 970 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 12,325 5,870 6,455 0.1 0.1 0.2
Balto-Slavic languages 39,725 18,855 20,870 0.5 0.5 0.5
Baltic languages 150 60 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 95 35 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 39,575 18,795 20,775 0.5 0.5 0.5
Belarusian 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 4,535 2,230 2,305 0.1 0.1 0.1
Czech 375 180 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 125 65 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 4,795 2,110 2,685 0.1 0.1 0.1
Russian 22,770 10,815 11,960 0.3 0.3 0.3
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 4,205 2,085 2,125 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bosnian 1,075 530 545 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 945 445 505 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 2,090 1,060 1,030 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 100 50 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 200 85 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 150 70 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 2,375 1,135 1,240 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 45 35 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 10,320 5,250 5,075 0.1 0.1 0.1
Frisian 110 30 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 9,600 4,930 4,675 0.1 0.1 0.1
German 1,685 805 880 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 235 125 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 7,680 4,000 3,675 0.1 0.1 0.1
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 420 200 215 0.0 0.0 0.0
Afrikaans 65 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 300 145 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 175 85 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 100 50 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 15,235 7,015 8,220 0.2 0.2 0.2
Indo-Iranian languages 74,455 38,045 36,410 0.9 0.9 0.9
Indo-Aryan languages 46,420 24,225 22,195 0.6 0.6 0.5
Assamese 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 8,760 4,360 4,405 0.1 0.1 0.1
Gujarati 4,630 2,360 2,270 0.1 0.1 0.1
Hindi 3,525 1,915 1,615 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kacchi 95 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 255 135 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 880 445 430 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya languages 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 19,290 10,435 8,855 0.2 0.3 0.2
Rohingya 80 30 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 425 225 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 8,250 4,160 4,090 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 150 80 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 28,020 13,810 14,210 0.3 0.3 0.3
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 625 325 300 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 1,110 590 520 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 26,205 12,850 13,355 0.3 0.3 0.3
Dari 7,595 3,780 3,815 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iranian Persian 16,660 8,135 8,530 0.2 0.2 0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 1,950 940 1,005 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 65 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 20 15 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 182,585 88,060 94,525 2.2 2.1 2.2
Catalan 135 70 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 26,290 11,205 15,085 0.3 0.3 0.4
Portuguese 20,885 9,965 10,920 0.2 0.2 0.3
Romanian 22,255 10,895 11,355 0.3 0.3 0.3
Spanish 112,915 55,870 57,050 1.3 1.3 1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 105 55 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 1,155 455 700 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korean 4,760 2,135 2,630 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mongolian 145 70 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 10,160 4,895 5,265 0.1 0.1 0.1
Akan (Twi) 485 235 245 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 385 195 195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 225 115 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 850 445 410 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 965 415 545 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 930 410 525 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 20 5 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 1,655 775 875 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 105 75 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 1,665 810 855 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wojenaka 245 100 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 1,470 795 675 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 240 115 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 720 320 400 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 395 195 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 365 180 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 2,235 1,285 945 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 300 165 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 1,385 775 615 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 550 345 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 67,120 31,725 35,390 0.8 0.8 0.8
Chinese languages 66,880 31,610 35,275 0.8 0.8 0.8
Hakka 150 65 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 46,925 22,275 24,650 0.6 0.5 0.6
Min Dong 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 1,510 680 835 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 535 260 275 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 16,860 7,870 8,985 0.2 0.2 0.2
Chinese, n.o.s. 870 445 430 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 190 90 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 75 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 60 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 40 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 2,325 1,095 1,230 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 2,060 995 1,065 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 255 95 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 6,005 3,005 3,000 0.1 0.1 0.1
Azerbaijani 175 95 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 5,540 2,780 2,765 0.1 0.1 0.1
Uyghur 145 65 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 95 45 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 1,505 670 830 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 1,445 645 805 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 55 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 357,245 176,070 181,175 4.2 4.2 4.3
English and French 137,120 69,025 68,095 1.6 1.7 1.6
English and non-official language(s) 60,495 29,540 30,950 0.7 0.7 0.7
French and non-official language(s) 116,595 56,445 60,150 1.4 1.4 1.4
English, French and non-official language(s) 39,875 19,575 20,300 0.5 0.5 0.5
Multiple non-official languages 3,160 1,485 1,675 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data42 8,406,905 4,163,945 4,242,960 100.0 100.0 100.0
None 7,302,915 3,612,760 3,690,155 86.9 86.8 87.0
English 353,690 183,470 170,225 4.2 4.4 4.0
French 259,425 127,380 132,040 3.1 3.1 3.1
Non-official language 269,715 129,830 139,890 3.2 3.1 3.3
Indigenous39 5,315 2,495 2,820 0.1 0.1 0.1
Non-Indigenous 264,405 127,330 137,070 3.1 3.1 3.2
English and French 61,955 31,425 30,525 0.7 0.8 0.7
English and non-official language(s) 76,755 38,765 37,990 0.9 0.9 0.9
French and non-official language(s) 55,860 26,915 28,945 0.7 0.6 0.7
English, French and non-official language(s) 7,295 3,700 3,595 0.1 0.1 0.1
Multiple non-official languages 19,290 9,695 9,595 0.2 0.2 0.2
Knowledge of languagesThe letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice.
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data43 8,308,475 4,126,860 4,181,625 100.0 100.0 100.0
Official languages 8,227,220 4,091,995 4,135,230 99.0 99.2 98.9
English 4,317,180 2,253,720 2,063,465 52.0 54.6 49.3
French 7,786,735 3,864,990 3,921,750 93.7 93.7 93.8
Non-official languages 1,853,710 899,285 954,430 22.3 21.8 22.8
Indigenous languages39 50,165 24,530 25,640 0.6 0.6 0.6
Algonquian languages 35,985 17,600 18,380 0.4 0.4 0.4
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 33,860 16,570 17,290 0.4 0.4 0.4
Atikamekw 6,770 3,435 3,330 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cree languages 17,930 8,910 9,020 0.2 0.2 0.2
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 50 20 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 855 425 430 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 4,230 2,040 2,195 0.1 0.0 0.1
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 75 35 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 265 120 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 90 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 12,650 6,365 6,285 0.2 0.2 0.2
Innu (Montagnais) 8,710 3,990 4,720 0.1 0.1 0.1
Naskapi 1,000 495 505 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 370 210 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 370 205 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 1,945 900 1,045 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 1,750 800 955 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 210 110 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 155 75 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 55 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 95 50 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 90 50 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 65 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 20 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 13,900 6,750 7,150 0.2 0.2 0.2
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 13,880 6,740 7,140 0.2 0.2 0.2
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 240 125 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 215 110 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 20 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 30 30 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 20 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 65 45 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 95 50 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 1,804,195 875,095 929,095 21.7 21.2 22.2
Afro-Asiatic languages 385,210 201,105 184,100 4.6 4.9 4.4
Berber languages 39,965 21,145 18,820 0.5 0.5 0.5
Kabyle 35,660 18,725 16,930 0.4 0.5 0.4
Tamazight 3,840 2,160 1,680 0.0 0.1 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 1,000 545 455 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 2,900 1,550 1,350 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 1,250 725 525 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 1,650 825 825 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 1,150 580 575 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 2,145 990 1,160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 55 20 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 2,025 925 1,100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 100 45 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 363,875 190,005 173,870 4.4 4.6 4.2
Amharic 1,225 605 620 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 343,675 179,750 163,930 4.1 4.4 3.9
Aramaic languages 935 460 480 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 205 110 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 80 45 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 660 310 345 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 19,210 9,935 9,275 0.2 0.2 0.2
Maltese 40 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 1,010 490 520 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 165 90 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 49,720 23,320 26,405 0.6 0.6 0.6
Khmer (Cambodian) 12,785 5,930 6,855 0.2 0.1 0.2
Vietnamese 37,655 17,735 19,920 0.5 0.4 0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 105 60 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 40,880 16,660 24,225 0.5 0.4 0.6
Bikol 340 150 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 655 285 370 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 1,940 625 1,315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fijian 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 1,215 470 745 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 3,845 1,565 2,280 0.0 0.0 0.1
Indonesian 1,510 625 885 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 85 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 85 25 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 3,265 1,670 1,595 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 2,215 1,140 1,075 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 1,085 570 515 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 595 275 320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 460 195 265 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 200 90 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 33,810 13,330 20,480 0.4 0.3 0.5
Waray-Waray 215 100 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 1,645 655 990 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 135,275 62,040 73,235 1.6 1.5 1.8
Haitian Creole 118,010 53,530 64,480 1.4 1.3 1.5
Jamaican English Creole 340 165 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 75 25 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 6,810 3,480 3,330 0.1 0.1 0.1
Sango 1,070 570 500 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 17,995 8,440 9,560 0.2 0.2 0.2
Creole languages, n.i.e. 3,010 1,380 1,630 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 25,390 13,070 12,320 0.3 0.3 0.3
Kannada 925 530 395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 2,530 1,325 1,200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamil 20,050 9,955 10,100 0.2 0.2 0.2
Telugu 3,260 2,055 1,205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tulu 80 30 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 95 55 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 245 110 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 1,014,365 490,155 524,215 12.2 11.9 12.5
Albanian 4,545 2,315 2,230 0.1 0.1 0.1
Armenian 22,100 10,785 11,310 0.3 0.3 0.3
Balto-Slavic languages 95,385 45,060 50,330 1.1 1.1 1.2
Baltic languages 1,105 465 635 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 440 180 260 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 660 290 375 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 94,580 44,695 49,885 1.1 1.1 1.2
Belarusian 410 185 230 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 8,110 3,950 4,165 0.1 0.1 0.1
Czech 2,165 1,040 1,120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 455 205 250 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 16,790 7,555 9,235 0.2 0.2 0.2
Russian 55,485 26,345 29,135 0.7 0.6 0.7
Rusyn 15 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 11,145 5,505 5,635 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bosnian 3,060 1,520 1,540 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 4,710 2,300 2,405 0.1 0.1 0.1
Serbian 5,285 2,560 2,725 0.1 0.1 0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 315 175 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 1,380 630 750 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 810 340 465 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 10,185 4,575 5,605 0.1 0.1 0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 110 60 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 665 375 295 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 300 180 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 135 85 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 85 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 165 90 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 65,625 33,305 32,320 0.8 0.8 0.8
Frisian 65 20 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 57,640 29,540 28,105 0.7 0.7 0.7
German 44,170 22,715 21,450 0.5 0.6 0.5
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 1,615 785 830 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 12,825 6,540 6,290 0.2 0.2 0.2
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 6,410 3,140 3,265 0.1 0.1 0.1
Afrikaans 580 295 285 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 5,170 2,565 2,600 0.1 0.1 0.1
Low German, n.o.s. 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 40 0 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 735 340 400 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 3,335 1,630 1,705 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 860 395 460 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 90 35 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 735 375 360 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 1,905 980 920 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 215 115 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 50,375 24,835 25,540 0.6 0.6 0.6
Indo-Iranian languages 136,020 71,180 64,840 1.6 1.7 1.6
Indo-Aryan languages 90,745 48,355 42,395 1.1 1.2 1.0
Assamese 75 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 16,170 8,320 7,850 0.2 0.2 0.2
Gujarati 10,640 5,590 5,050 0.1 0.1 0.1
Hindi 35,765 19,145 16,620 0.4 0.5 0.4
Kacchi 375 155 220 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 115 65 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 235 130 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 1,160 620 545 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 1,375 740 635 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya languages 105 50 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 60 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 34,290 18,580 15,710 0.4 0.5 0.4
Rohingya 250 110 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 230 115 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 1,610 860 755 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 21,180 11,325 9,850 0.3 0.3 0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 770 445 320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 48,105 24,410 23,695 0.6 0.6 0.6
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 1,805 1,045 755 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 135 80 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 2,210 1,235 975 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 44,745 22,585 22,160 0.5 0.5 0.5
Dari 13,235 6,845 6,390 0.2 0.2 0.2
Iranian Persian 27,430 13,785 13,645 0.3 0.3 0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 4,595 2,255 2,340 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 290 180 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 170 100 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 684,830 324,095 360,735 8.2 7.9 8.6
Catalan 1,250 725 530 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 168,040 82,400 85,645 2.0 2.0 2.0
Portuguese 65,605 33,005 32,600 0.8 0.8 0.8
Romanian 44,510 21,425 23,090 0.5 0.5 0.6
Spanish 453,905 210,400 243,505 5.5 5.1 5.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 1,105 670 435 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 285 150 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 9,305 4,485 4,820 0.1 0.1 0.1
Korean 9,265 3,920 5,350 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mongolian 320 125 195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 75,835 37,990 37,845 0.9 0.9 0.9
Akan (Twi) 2,385 1,270 1,115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 3,525 1,810 1,720 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 365 190 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 2,365 1,285 1,080 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 5,820 2,995 2,825 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ga 375 225 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 280 135 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 80 25 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 745 435 315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 5,740 2,675 3,065 0.1 0.1 0.1
Lingala 14,985 7,255 7,730 0.2 0.2 0.2
Luba-Kasai 1,205 600 605 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 1,615 810 805 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 80 45 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 180 85 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 7,310 3,490 3,825 0.1 0.1 0.1
Shona 345 190 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 570 375 195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 85 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 12,270 6,225 6,040 0.1 0.2 0.1
Wojenaka 2,195 1,100 1,095 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 9,930 5,325 4,595 0.1 0.1 0.1
Yoruba 3,100 1,610 1,490 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 17,915 9,215 8,695 0.2 0.2 0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages 1,865 905 960 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 1,845 895 950 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 995 555 440 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 8,070 3,485 4,580 0.1 0.1 0.1
American Sign Language 1,310 575 735 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 5,740 2,340 3,400 0.1 0.1 0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e. 1,555 830 725 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 107,415 49,840 57,575 1.3 1.2 1.4
Chinese languages 106,915 49,630 57,285 1.3 1.2 1.4
Hakka 810 370 445 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 80,520 37,100 43,420 1.0 0.9 1.0
Min Dong 70 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 4,310 1,855 2,455 0.1 0.0 0.1
Wu (Shanghainese) 1,255 565 685 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 34,030 15,430 18,600 0.4 0.4 0.4
Chinese, n.o.s. 1,500 785 715 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 245 125 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 465 190 275 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 135 30 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 35 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 190 100 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 130 60 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 100 60 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 7,330 3,170 4,160 0.1 0.1 0.1
Lao 5,485 2,595 2,885 0.1 0.1 0.1
Thai 2,720 920 1,800 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 17,795 8,940 8,850 0.2 0.2 0.2
Azerbaijani 995 570 425 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 125 60 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 16,195 8,135 8,065 0.2 0.2 0.2
Uyghur 350 155 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 320 155 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 350 165 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 7,595 3,485 4,115 0.1 0.1 0.1
Estonian 230 90 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 525 250 270 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 6,850 3,145 3,705 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other languages, n.i.e. 835 430 405 0.0 0.0 0.0

Note: Gender

Gender refers to an individual's personal and social identity as a man, woman or non-binary person (a person who is not exclusively a man or a woman).

Gender includes the following concepts:

  • gender identity, which refers to the gender that a person feels internally and individually;
  • gender expression, which refers to the way a person presents their gender, regardless of their gender identity, through body language, aesthetic choices or accessories (e.g., clothes, hairstyle and makeup), which may have traditionally been associated with a specific gender.

A person's gender may differ from their sex at birth, and from what is indicated on their current identification or legal documents such as their birth certificate, passport or driver's licence. A person's gender may change over time.

Some people may not identify with a specific gender.

Given that the non-binary population is small, data aggregation to a two-category gender variable is sometimes necessary to protect the confidentiality of responses provided. In these cases, individuals in the category "non-binary persons" are distributed into the other two gender categories and are denoted by the "＋" symbol.

"Men＋" includes men (and/or boys), as well as some non-binary persons.

"Women＋" includes women (and/or girls), as well as some non-binary persons.

Source

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed December 8, 2023).

Note(s):

Footnote 36

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 37

First official language spoken refers to the first official language (English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 38

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned more than one language at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has more than one mother tongue only if they learned these languages at the same time, and still understands them. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. A child who has not yet learned to speak has more than one mother tongue only if these languages are spoken to them equally often so that the child learns these languages at the same time.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 39

Users should be aware that estimates associated with Indigenous languages are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

Footnote 40

All languages spoken at home refers to all languages that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 41

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as "spoken most often at home" if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which they feel most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where more than one language is spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If more than one language is spoken equally often to the child, then these languages are included here.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 42

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the language(s), if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language(s) they speak most often at home.

Comparisons to previous Census data is not recommended for the 'Other languages spoken regularly at home' variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 43

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

Knowledge of non-official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

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