Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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Age
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Commuting
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Education
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Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
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Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
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GenderMore information:


Statistic:
Characteristic British ColumbiaMore information:

[Province]
Counts Rates
Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data36 4,951,660 2,434,585 2,517,075 100.0 100.0 100.0
English only 4,461,290 2,220,225 2,241,070 90.1 91.2 89.0
French only 1,785 810 970 0.0 0.0 0.0
English and French 326,865 146,310 180,565 6.6 6.0 7.2
Neither English nor French 161,720 67,240 94,475 3.3 2.8 3.8
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data37 4,951,660 2,434,585 2,517,075 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 4,718,195 2,332,370 2,385,825 95.3 95.8 94.8
French 56,495 28,130 28,370 1.1 1.2 1.1
English and French 18,145 8,260 9,885 0.4 0.3 0.4
Neither English nor French 158,820 65,825 92,995 3.2 2.7 3.7
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data38 4,951,660 2,434,585 2,517,075 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 4,761,600 2,343,570 2,418,030 96.2 96.3 96.1
Official languages 3,382,455 1,699,060 1,683,395 68.3 69.8 66.9
English 3,325,035 1,670,420 1,654,615 67.1 68.6 65.7
French 57,420 28,645 28,780 1.2 1.2 1.1
Non-official languages 1,379,145 644,515 734,630 27.9 26.5 29.2
Indigenous languages39 5,490 2,600 2,890 0.1 0.1 0.1
Algonquian languages 820 390 430 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 630 310 320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 620 305 320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 50 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 170 75 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 85 55 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 305 150 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 155 65 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 135 55 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 30 5 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 100 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 1,560 710 850 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 1,545 705 840 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 615 280 335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 90 40 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 70 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 60 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 85 45 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 80 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 35 5 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 460 210 250 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 110 55 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 40 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 50 15 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 35 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 1,080 510 565 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 180 90 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 100 45 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 180 95 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 265 120 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 95 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 185 80 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 1,005 505 505 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 575 295 275 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 320 155 165 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 115 60 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 760 380 385 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 80 30 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 295 180 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 150 70 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 215 90 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 70 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 1,373,655 641,910 731,745 27.7 26.4 29.1
Afro-Asiatic languages 33,195 17,710 15,485 0.7 0.7 0.6
Berber languages 110 70 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 70 45 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 50 35 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 2,005 1,025 980 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 310 165 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 1,590 805 785 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 75 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 31,020 16,575 14,450 0.6 0.7 0.6
Amharic 1,620 790 835 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 22,970 12,330 10,640 0.5 0.5 0.4
Aramaic languages 1,505 770 735 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 580 295 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 800 405 390 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 125 65 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 15 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 2,260 1,275 980 0.0 0.1 0.0
Maltese 170 85 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 2,455 1,310 1,150 0.0 0.1 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 34,145 15,270 18,875 0.7 0.6 0.7
Khmer (Cambodian) 1,530 670 865 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 32,560 14,580 17,985 0.7 0.6 0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 50 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 104,100 42,685 61,415 2.1 1.8 2.4
Bikol 425 180 240 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 1,375 550 825 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 3,585 1,405 2,175 0.1 0.1 0.1
Fijian 345 180 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 1,895 755 1,140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 6,325 2,650 3,675 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indonesian 4,080 1,730 2,345 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kankanaey 200 85 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 125 45 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 365 180 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 870 400 470 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 395 165 230 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 82,835 33,800 49,045 1.7 1.4 1.9
Waray-Waray 300 125 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 945 425 525 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 925 465 460 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 115 60 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 375 170 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 180 100 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 170 85 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 13,260 7,225 6,035 0.3 0.3 0.2
Kannada 565 290 270 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 4,740 2,590 2,155 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tamil 5,055 2,645 2,405 0.1 0.1 0.1
Telugu 2,810 1,650 1,160 0.1 0.1 0.0
Tulu 70 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 160 95 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 85 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 657,345 321,395 335,955 13.3 13.2 13.3
Albanian 1,645 850 795 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 1,350 650 695 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 81,655 37,525 44,135 1.6 1.5 1.8
Baltic languages 1,065 475 595 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 545 250 290 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 525 220 300 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 80,590 37,050 43,540 1.6 1.5 1.7
Belarusian 70 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 2,025 960 1,065 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 5,855 2,770 3,090 0.1 0.1 0.1
Macedonian 330 170 165 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 15,810 7,190 8,625 0.3 0.3 0.3
Russian 28,660 12,825 15,835 0.6 0.5 0.6
Rusyn 25 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 16,425 8,055 8,365 0.3 0.3 0.3
Bosnian 1,655 805 855 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 6,805 3,255 3,545 0.1 0.1 0.1
Serbian 7,665 3,855 3,815 0.2 0.2 0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 300 145 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 3,275 1,475 1,805 0.1 0.1 0.1
Slovene (Slovenian) 950 430 520 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 7,120 3,120 4,000 0.1 0.1 0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 40 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 415 225 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 110 60 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 80 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 200 100 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 84,375 39,695 44,675 1.7 1.6 1.8
Frisian 200 95 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 53,255 24,820 28,435 1.1 1.0 1.1
German 50,695 23,575 27,125 1.0 1.0 1.1
Pennsylvania German 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 2,330 1,130 1,205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 215 110 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 23,295 11,250 12,040 0.5 0.5 0.5
Afrikaans 3,700 1,830 1,870 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dutch 17,345 8,325 9,020 0.4 0.3 0.4
Low German, n.o.s. 235 100 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 110 60 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 1,580 775 810 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 320 165 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 7,530 3,465 4,060 0.2 0.1 0.2
Danish 3,625 1,700 1,925 0.1 0.1 0.1
Icelandic 215 100 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 1,520 720 795 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 2,175 940 1,230 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 95 60 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 5,545 2,925 2,625 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indo-Iranian languages 368,635 184,325 184,310 7.4 7.6 7.3
Indo-Aryan languages 306,465 153,205 153,260 6.2 6.3 6.1
Assamese 75 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 4,765 2,640 2,125 0.1 0.1 0.1
Gujarati 8,250 4,130 4,120 0.2 0.2 0.2
Hindi 32,390 16,270 16,120 0.7 0.7 0.6
Kacchi 1,195 510 680 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 80 50 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 280 145 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 1,605 840 770 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 1,725 900 825 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya languages 110 55 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 65 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 45 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 240,865 119,945 120,915 4.9 4.9 4.8
Rohingya 65 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 285 155 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 1,935 960 970 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 12,210 6,195 6,015 0.2 0.3 0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 625 325 305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 62,135 31,100 31,030 1.3 1.3 1.2
Baluchi 65 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 2,775 1,510 1,265 0.1 0.1 0.1
Parsi 155 85 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 1,365 760 600 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 57,700 28,670 29,030 1.2 1.2 1.2
Dari 6,005 2,965 3,045 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iranian Persian 46,395 23,045 23,355 0.9 0.9 0.9
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 5,295 2,665 2,630 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 75 45 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 113,685 55,180 58,505 2.3 2.3 2.3
Catalan 200 115 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 19,805 10,000 9,800 0.4 0.4 0.4
Portuguese 24,320 11,490 12,840 0.5 0.5 0.5
Romanian 8,775 4,250 4,525 0.2 0.2 0.2
Spanish 60,465 29,260 31,205 1.2 1.2 1.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 120 65 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 22,030 7,135 14,895 0.4 0.3 0.6
Korean 59,935 26,815 33,125 1.2 1.1 1.3
Mongolian 435 185 250 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 4,910 2,455 2,455 0.1 0.1 0.1
Akan (Twi) 545 300 240 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 75 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 110 60 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 160 75 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 70 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 290 150 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 295 145 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 90 50 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 50 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 225 100 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 355 170 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 65 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 1,090 520 570 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wojenaka 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 555 305 250 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 735 360 375 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 420 215 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 105 50 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 220 120 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 1,000 560 440 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 895 500 390 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 105 55 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 419,855 189,740 230,115 8.5 7.8 9.1
Chinese languages 417,290 188,495 228,795 8.4 7.7 9.1
Hakka 2,080 895 1,185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 205,205 91,455 113,750 4.1 3.8 4.5
Min Dong 185 90 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 11,780 5,240 6,540 0.2 0.2 0.3
Wu (Shanghainese) 3,200 1,405 1,795 0.1 0.1 0.1
Yue (Cantonese) 192,140 88,195 103,945 3.9 3.6 4.1
Chinese, n.o.s. 2,560 1,155 1,405 0.1 0.0 0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 135 60 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 2,485 1,205 1,280 0.1 0.0 0.1
Burmese 1,015 485 535 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 210 90 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 725 345 380 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 645 305 335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 85 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 395 215 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 140 75 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 75 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 4,395 1,380 3,015 0.1 0.1 0.1
Lao 1,100 525 580 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 3,170 800 2,365 0.1 0.0 0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 120 50 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 6,055 3,325 2,730 0.1 0.1 0.1
Azerbaijani 625 345 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 115 40 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 4,765 2,685 2,080 0.1 0.1 0.1
Uyghur 240 120 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 150 70 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 165 65 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 11,275 5,160 6,115 0.2 0.2 0.2
Estonian 575 235 340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 3,005 1,240 1,760 0.1 0.1 0.1
Hungarian 7,700 3,685 4,015 0.2 0.2 0.2
Other languages, n.i.e. 130 70 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 190,055 91,010 99,040 3.8 3.7 3.9
English and French 17,320 8,415 8,905 0.3 0.3 0.4
English and non-official language(s) 150,730 72,755 77,980 3.0 3.0 3.1
French and non-official language(s) 2,395 1,135 1,260 0.0 0.0 0.1
English, French and non-official language(s) 2,960 1,335 1,630 0.1 0.1 0.1
Multiple non-official languages 16,645 7,375 9,270 0.3 0.3 0.4
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data40 4,951,660 2,434,585 2,517,075 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 3,491,395 1,745,260 1,746,140 70.5 71.7 69.4
French 11,050 5,420 5,625 0.2 0.2 0.2
Non-official language 464,235 216,230 248,005 9.4 8.9 9.9
Indigenous39 645 320 325 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous 463,590 215,910 247,685 9.4 8.9 9.8
English and French 42,645 19,975 22,670 0.9 0.8 0.9
English and non-official language(s) 880,090 419,520 460,570 17.8 17.2 18.3
French and non-official language(s) 1,065 480 585 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 21,610 9,790 11,820 0.4 0.4 0.5
Multiple non-official languages 39,565 17,910 21,660 0.8 0.7 0.9
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data41 4,951,660 2,434,585 2,517,075 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 4,753,615 2,340,025 2,413,590 96.0 96.1 95.9
Official languages 3,906,070 1,939,330 1,966,740 78.9 79.7 78.1
English 3,888,825 1,930,925 1,957,900 78.5 79.3 77.8
French 17,245 8,400 8,845 0.3 0.3 0.4
Non-official languages 847,550 400,695 446,850 17.1 16.5 17.8
Indigenous languages39 1,215 595 615 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages 130 55 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 110 50 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 100 45 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 70 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 465 235 230 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 460 230 230 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 215 95 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 165 85 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 250 120 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 40 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 80 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 210 115 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 120 65 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 80 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 65 20 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 846,335 400,100 446,235 17.1 16.4 17.7
Afro-Asiatic languages 19,805 10,000 9,805 0.4 0.4 0.4
Berber languages 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 1,150 570 585 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 155 80 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 930 455 475 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 18,605 9,405 9,195 0.4 0.4 0.4
Amharic 765 345 415 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 13,845 6,995 6,850 0.3 0.3 0.3
Aramaic languages 1,110 545 575 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 390 195 195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 600 290 310 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 120 55 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 1,030 535 500 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 1,810 975 840 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 21,705 9,915 11,790 0.4 0.4 0.5
Khmer (Cambodian) 780 360 425 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 20,890 9,535 11,350 0.4 0.4 0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 40 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 54,720 24,615 30,105 1.1 1.0 1.2
Bikol 130 65 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 585 260 325 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 1,735 780 950 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fijian 110 60 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 865 390 480 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 3,280 1,480 1,795 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indonesian 1,375 675 700 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 105 45 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 55 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 425 195 225 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 130 55 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 45,380 20,305 25,080 0.9 0.8 1.0
Waray-Waray 115 65 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 355 175 180 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 430 200 230 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 230 110 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 75 35 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 60 20 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 8,005 4,180 3,825 0.2 0.2 0.2
Kannada 240 125 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 2,890 1,545 1,345 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tamil 3,185 1,585 1,595 0.1 0.1 0.1
Telugu 1,645 895 750 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tulu 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 100 60 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 364,340 179,590 184,745 7.4 7.4 7.3
Albanian 690 345 345 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 675 315 355 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 33,875 16,185 17,690 0.7 0.7 0.7
Baltic languages 225 115 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 90 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 135 70 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 33,650 16,070 17,580 0.7 0.7 0.7
Belarusian 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 900 430 465 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 1,760 875 890 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 125 65 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 5,250 2,470 2,785 0.1 0.1 0.1
Russian 16,090 7,655 8,435 0.3 0.3 0.3
Rusyn 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 6,745 3,270 3,480 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bosnian 720 345 380 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 1,940 885 1,050 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 4,010 1,990 2,015 0.1 0.1 0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 75 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 1,040 510 535 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 85 35 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 1,630 755 870 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 45 30 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 20 15 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 20 15 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 12,280 5,870 6,410 0.2 0.2 0.3
Frisian 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 7,805 3,690 4,115 0.2 0.2 0.2
German 7,320 3,455 3,865 0.1 0.1 0.2
Pennsylvania German 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 480 230 245 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 3,785 1,850 1,930 0.1 0.1 0.1
Afrikaans 1,725 850 870 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 1,485 720 770 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 60 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 440 215 230 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 30 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 670 320 350 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 220 105 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 95 40 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 305 145 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 1,915 900 1,015 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages 263,030 130,695 132,330 5.3 5.4 5.3
Indo-Aryan languages 220,735 110,140 110,605 4.5 4.5 4.4
Assamese 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 2,720 1,410 1,305 0.1 0.1 0.1
Gujarati 4,160 2,050 2,115 0.1 0.1 0.1
Hindi 17,670 8,855 8,815 0.4 0.4 0.4
Kacchi 455 185 275 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 780 400 380 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 1,120 570 555 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya languages 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 184,065 91,825 92,240 3.7 3.8 3.7
Rohingya 60 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 130 60 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 940 445 495 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 8,235 4,095 4,135 0.2 0.2 0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 265 145 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 42,285 20,560 21,725 0.9 0.8 0.9
Baluchi 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 1,765 900 865 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 75 35 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 900 490 410 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 39,475 19,095 20,375 0.8 0.8 0.8
Dari 3,690 1,785 1,900 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iranian Persian 32,375 15,665 16,710 0.7 0.6 0.7
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 3,405 1,640 1,765 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 35 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 51,830 25,240 26,590 1.0 1.0 1.1
Catalan 80 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 4,475 1,930 2,545 0.1 0.1 0.1
Portuguese 12,670 6,055 6,615 0.3 0.2 0.3
Romanian 3,620 1,740 1,885 0.1 0.1 0.1
Spanish 30,960 15,455 15,500 0.6 0.6 0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 10,220 4,190 6,035 0.2 0.2 0.2
Korean 45,525 20,925 24,600 0.9 0.9 1.0
Mongolian 220 115 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 1,485 705 780 0.0 0.0 0.0
Akan (Twi) 165 85 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 45 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 85 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 105 50 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 130 60 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 65 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 375 175 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 160 80 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 210 105 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 155 75 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 90 40 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 1,720 970 745 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 1,390 790 605 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 325 180 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 310,860 141,235 169,630 6.3 5.8 6.7
Chinese languages 309,165 140,385 168,780 6.2 5.8 6.7
Hakka 605 270 335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 162,130 73,835 88,295 3.3 3.0 3.5
Min Dong 95 45 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 6,285 2,850 3,440 0.1 0.1 0.1
Wu (Shanghainese) 2,010 930 1,080 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 136,525 61,785 74,745 2.8 2.5 3.0
Chinese, n.o.s. 1,455 650 805 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 60 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 1,665 830 835 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 670 325 345 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 170 85 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 530 270 260 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 475 240 240 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 50 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 240 130 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 60 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 1,570 655 915 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 500 235 265 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 1,010 390 620 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 60 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 3,030 1,540 1,490 0.1 0.1 0.1
Azerbaijani 295 140 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 2,500 1,290 1,205 0.1 0.1 0.0
Uyghur 125 60 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 65 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 2,375 1,100 1,280 0.0 0.0 0.1
Estonian 65 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 500 210 290 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 1,815 855 955 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 20 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 198,040 94,560 103,480 4.0 3.9 4.1
English and French 7,210 3,415 3,800 0.1 0.1 0.2
English and non-official language(s) 183,010 87,560 95,445 3.7 3.6 3.8
French and non-official language(s) 535 245 295 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 1,525 735 785 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 5,760 2,605 3,160 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data42 4,951,660 2,434,585 2,517,075 100.0 100.0 100.0
None 4,130,200 2,045,235 2,084,970 83.4 84.0 82.8
English 304,845 147,605 157,245 6.2 6.1 6.2
French 34,575 15,995 18,575 0.7 0.7 0.7
Non-official language 379,250 176,935 202,310 7.7 7.3 8.0
Indigenous39 5,140 2,360 2,785 0.1 0.1 0.1
Non-Indigenous 374,105 174,580 199,525 7.6 7.2 7.9
English and French 2,740 1,245 1,490 0.1 0.1 0.1
English and non-official language(s) 46,940 22,760 24,175 0.9 0.9 1.0
French and non-official language(s) 11,880 5,335 6,550 0.2 0.2 0.3
English, French and non-official language(s) 655 300 360 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 40,580 19,180 21,395 0.8 0.8 0.8
Knowledge of languagesThe letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice.
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data43 4,915,940 2,416,885 2,499,055 100.0 100.0 100.0
Official languages 4,754,865 2,350,105 2,404,760 96.7 97.2 96.2
English 4,753,275 2,349,445 2,403,835 96.7 97.2 96.2
French 327,350 145,985 181,370 6.7 6.0 7.3
Non-official languages 1,780,325 838,795 941,525 36.2 34.7 37.7
Indigenous languages39 16,560 7,740 8,820 0.3 0.3 0.4
Algonquian languages 1,985 885 1,100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot 60 20 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 1,450 675 775 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 15 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 1,425 660 770 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 95 25 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 435 195 245 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 160 80 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 745 360 385 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 65 20 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 60 15 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 440 175 260 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 400 160 240 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 80 30 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 50 10 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 275 115 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 3,540 1,580 1,955 0.1 0.1 0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages 3,490 1,570 1,920 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dakelh (Carrier) 1,530 675 855 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 205 100 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 205 95 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 85 30 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 235 125 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 220 125 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 135 40 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 855 395 465 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 245 120 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 225 80 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 205 100 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 175 90 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 100 60 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 90 45 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 190 90 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 240 100 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 5,145 2,450 2,695 0.1 0.1 0.1
Halkomelem 1,400 665 735 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 590 285 305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 465 270 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 1,060 475 580 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 345 165 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 315 130 180 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 690 315 375 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 325 155 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 100 60 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 50 35 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 2,610 1,310 1,295 0.1 0.1 0.1
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 1,120 545 575 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 1,080 585 500 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 455 205 250 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 2,145 965 1,180 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 285 145 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 330 160 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 790 335 460 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 685 300 390 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 355 165 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 285 140 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 1,764,475 831,400 933,075 35.9 34.4 37.3
Afro-Asiatic languages 50,895 27,105 23,785 1.0 1.1 1.0
Berber languages 235 140 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 140 90 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 65 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 315 155 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 285 135 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 25 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 60 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 2,745 1,470 1,275 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bilen 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 500 280 220 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 2,215 1,180 1,030 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 50 30 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 48,405 25,830 22,570 1.0 1.1 0.9
Amharic 3,100 1,605 1,495 0.1 0.1 0.1
Arabic 35,595 19,250 16,355 0.7 0.8 0.7
Aramaic languages 2,270 1,165 1,100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 895 495 400 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 1,050 510 535 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 380 190 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 6,995 3,570 3,430 0.1 0.1 0.1
Maltese 270 130 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 3,435 1,890 1,550 0.1 0.1 0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 60 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 44,030 19,965 24,070 0.9 0.8 1.0
Khmer (Cambodian) 2,210 1,020 1,190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 41,975 19,020 22,950 0.9 0.8 0.9
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 65 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 148,455 61,285 87,165 3.0 2.5 3.5
Bikol 810 370 445 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 1,655 655 1,005 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 5,995 2,485 3,510 0.1 0.1 0.1
Fijian 1,020 500 525 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 3,135 1,215 1,920 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ilocano 11,285 4,555 6,725 0.2 0.2 0.3
Indonesian 6,810 3,175 3,640 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kankanaey 330 115 215 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 200 70 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 100 45 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 85 35 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 3,485 1,665 1,820 0.1 0.1 0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 1,550 675 875 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 925 375 550 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 133,780 54,495 79,285 2.7 2.3 3.2
Waray-Waray 865 360 505 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 3,590 1,580 2,005 0.1 0.1 0.1
Creole languages 3,230 1,610 1,615 0.1 0.1 0.1
Haitian Creole 470 225 245 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 265 115 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 160 65 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 1,070 520 550 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 835 450 385 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 555 280 275 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 20,585 11,060 9,530 0.4 0.5 0.4
Kannada 1,615 885 735 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 6,765 3,705 3,060 0.1 0.2 0.1
Tamil 9,740 5,125 4,610 0.2 0.2 0.2
Telugu 4,860 2,760 2,095 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tulu 205 110 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 45 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 240 140 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 160 85 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 906,560 443,600 462,960 18.4 18.4 18.5
Albanian 2,195 1,045 1,155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 1,600 765 830 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 101,395 47,765 53,630 2.1 2.0 2.1
Baltic languages 1,480 695 790 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 730 330 400 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 750 365 390 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 100,340 47,265 53,075 2.0 2.0 2.1
Belarusian 330 140 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 2,475 1,190 1,285 0.1 0.0 0.1
Czech 7,935 3,815 4,115 0.2 0.2 0.2
Macedonian 505 260 245 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 19,640 9,130 10,510 0.4 0.4 0.4
Russian 42,390 19,800 22,590 0.9 0.8 0.9
Rusyn 45 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 21,625 10,790 10,835 0.4 0.4 0.4
Bosnian 3,150 1,540 1,605 0.1 0.1 0.1
Croatian 11,060 5,345 5,715 0.2 0.2 0.2
Serbian 11,070 5,640 5,425 0.2 0.2 0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 480 255 225 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 4,315 1,945 2,370 0.1 0.1 0.1
Slovene (Slovenian) 1,280 585 695 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 12,205 5,430 6,775 0.2 0.2 0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 70 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 2,675 1,430 1,245 0.1 0.1 0.0
Irish 1,665 920 745 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 260 130 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 610 290 320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 160 100 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 128,605 60,765 67,835 2.6 2.5 2.7
Frisian 375 210 165 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 86,275 41,190 45,085 1.8 1.7 1.8
German 84,325 40,275 44,050 1.7 1.7 1.8
Pennsylvania German 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 3,030 1,415 1,620 0.1 0.1 0.1
Yiddish 480 225 255 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 34,480 16,520 17,965 0.7 0.7 0.7
Afrikaans 9,755 5,050 4,705 0.2 0.2 0.2
Dutch 22,380 10,375 12,005 0.5 0.4 0.5
Low German, n.o.s. 345 175 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 2,180 1,055 1,130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 405 200 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 12,425 5,520 6,910 0.3 0.2 0.3
Danish 4,950 2,235 2,720 0.1 0.1 0.1
Icelandic 330 130 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 3,125 1,420 1,710 0.1 0.1 0.1
Swedish 4,730 2,125 2,610 0.1 0.1 0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 210 135 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 9,005 4,630 4,375 0.2 0.2 0.2
Indo-Iranian languages 477,485 240,310 237,175 9.7 9.9 9.5
Indo-Aryan languages 406,375 204,750 201,625 8.3 8.5 8.1
Assamese 100 55 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 6,565 3,480 3,080 0.1 0.1 0.1
Gujarati 14,340 7,060 7,280 0.3 0.3 0.3
Hindi 134,950 67,645 67,300 2.7 2.8 2.7
Kacchi 2,925 1,295 1,630 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kashmiri 185 95 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 775 400 370 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 3,555 1,910 1,645 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nepali 2,445 1,270 1,180 0.0 0.1 0.0
Oriya languages 180 90 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 95 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 85 35 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 315,000 158,625 156,375 6.4 6.6 6.3
Rohingya 55 35 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 645 350 295 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 3,440 1,630 1,810 0.1 0.1 0.1
Urdu 25,780 13,590 12,190 0.5 0.6 0.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 1,645 855 785 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 73,745 37,010 36,730 1.5 1.5 1.5
Baluchi 155 85 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 3,875 2,110 1,760 0.1 0.1 0.1
Parsi 290 115 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 2,645 1,545 1,105 0.1 0.1 0.0
Persian languages 68,960 34,500 34,460 1.4 1.4 1.4
Dari 8,235 4,005 4,230 0.2 0.2 0.2
Iranian Persian 55,745 27,930 27,815 1.1 1.2 1.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 5,780 2,995 2,785 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 200 135 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 210 135 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 211,725 100,750 110,975 4.3 4.2 4.4
Catalan 565 270 290 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 36,370 17,200 19,170 0.7 0.7 0.8
Portuguese 33,005 16,050 16,955 0.7 0.7 0.7
Romanian 11,210 5,470 5,745 0.2 0.2 0.2
Spanish 143,900 68,245 75,660 2.9 2.8 3.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 655 380 275 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 320 135 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 41,835 17,590 24,240 0.9 0.7 1.0
Korean 69,935 31,335 38,600 1.4 1.3 1.5
Mongolian 565 250 315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 13,290 6,795 6,495 0.3 0.3 0.3
Akan (Twi) 1,365 695 670 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 65 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 175 85 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 290 155 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 85 30 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 215 125 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 415 205 215 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 130 35 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 980 485 490 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 605 280 325 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 475 260 225 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 190 90 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 335 130 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 725 345 380 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 105 60 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 5,205 2,735 2,475 0.1 0.1 0.1
Wojenaka 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 165 95 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 1,815 935 880 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 2,275 1,215 1,060 0.0 0.1 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 670 315 350 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 115 55 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 60 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 490 235 265 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 130 75 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 7,965 3,150 4,815 0.2 0.1 0.2
American Sign Language 7,020 2,700 4,320 0.1 0.1 0.2
Quebec Sign Language 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 1,105 515 595 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 491,660 225,430 266,230 10.0 9.3 10.7
Chinese languages 488,465 223,825 264,650 9.9 9.3 10.6
Hakka 3,615 1,645 1,970 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mandarin 312,625 140,985 171,640 6.4 5.8 6.9
Min Dong 215 90 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 24,065 10,615 13,450 0.5 0.4 0.5
Wu (Shanghainese) 4,760 2,020 2,740 0.1 0.1 0.1
Yue (Cantonese) 246,045 112,580 133,465 5.0 4.7 5.3
Chinese, n.o.s. 2,215 1,025 1,190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 255 135 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 3,375 1,710 1,665 0.1 0.1 0.1
Burmese 1,730 870 865 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 295 130 165 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 770 375 395 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 705 340 365 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 85 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 590 320 270 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 275 150 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 215 95 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 6,725 2,635 4,085 0.1 0.1 0.2
Lao 1,635 735 900 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 5,310 1,960 3,350 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 170 85 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 10,910 5,605 5,305 0.2 0.2 0.2
Azerbaijani 1,665 880 790 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 230 70 165 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 9,230 4,805 4,425 0.2 0.2 0.2
Uyghur 235 115 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 275 135 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 295 125 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 13,510 6,345 7,165 0.3 0.3 0.3
Estonian 695 310 385 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 3,635 1,675 1,960 0.1 0.1 0.1
Hungarian 9,230 4,395 4,840 0.2 0.2 0.2
Other languages, n.i.e. 585 285 300 0.0 0.0 0.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data195 2,855,890 1,472,060 1,383,830 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 2,617,625 1,354,690 1,262,935 91.7 92.0 91.3
French 3,090 850 2,240 0.1 0.1 0.2
Non-official language 52,925 27,750 25,180 1.9 1.9 1.8
Indigenous39 140 60 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous 52,790 27,690 25,100 1.8 1.9 1.8
English and French 21,550 8,765 12,785 0.8 0.6 0.9
English and non-official language(s) 154,255 76,820 77,440 5.4 5.2 5.6
French and non-official language(s) 80 30 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 2,520 1,160 1,360 0.1 0.1 0.1
Multiple non-official languages 3,840 2,000 1,840 0.1 0.1 0.1
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data196 2,855,890 1,472,060 1,383,830 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 2,820,225 1,453,980 1,366,250 98.8 98.8 98.7
Official languages 2,726,710 1,405,545 1,321,160 95.5 95.5 95.5
English 2,720,275 1,403,805 1,316,470 95.3 95.4 95.1
French 6,430 1,740 4,690 0.2 0.1 0.3
Non-official languages 93,520 48,430 45,090 3.3 3.3 3.3
Indigenous languages39 290 85 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 55 15 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 55 15 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 30 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 125 50 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 30 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 40 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 40 0 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 93,230 48,340 44,890 3.3 3.3 3.2
Afro-Asiatic languages 520 320 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 500 320 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Amharic 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 355 250 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic languages 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 60 20 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 2,720 1,070 1,645 0.1 0.1 0.1
Khmer (Cambodian) 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 2,695 1,060 1,630 0.1 0.1 0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 855 430 420 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 40 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 85 50 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 680 335 340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 75 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamil 55 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 30,820 18,165 12,655 1.1 1.2 0.9
Albanian 20 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 915 350 565 0.0 0.0 0.0
Baltic languages 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 900 350 555 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 25 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 85 25 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russian 645 245 400 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 90 45 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bosnian 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 75 45 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 680 310 370 0.0 0.0 0.0
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 450 200 255 0.0 0.0 0.0
German 400 180 220 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 50 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 195 100 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Afrikaans 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 85 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 105 55 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 50 35 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages 25,450 15,470 9,980 0.9 1.1 0.7
Indo-Aryan languages 23,425 14,315 9,115 0.8 1.0 0.7
Bengali 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gujarati 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hindi 555 310 250 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 22,730 13,945 8,785 0.8 0.9 0.6
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 100 40 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 2,020 1,155 865 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kurdish 25 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 1,985 1,135 855 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dari 110 75 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 1,710 940 770 0.1 0.1 0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 170 120 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 3,675 1,975 1,700 0.1 0.1 0.1
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 120 55 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Portuguese 555 245 310 0.0 0.0 0.0
Romanian 60 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spanish 2,940 1,645 1,300 0.1 0.1 0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 2,015 695 1,320 0.1 0.0 0.1
Korean 6,855 3,485 3,370 0.2 0.2 0.2
Mongolian 0 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 300 105 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 285 95 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 48,730 23,930 24,800 1.7 1.6 1.8
Chinese languages 48,670 23,890 24,780 1.7 1.6 1.8
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 28,465 13,710 14,755 1.0 0.9 1.1
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 235 110 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 19,865 10,015 9,855 0.7 0.7 0.7
Chinese, n.o.s. 85 45 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 60 35 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 205 65 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 200 60 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 60 20 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 55 10 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 50 10 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 30 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 35,660 18,080 17,585 1.2 1.2 1.3
English and French 2,470 970 1,510 0.1 0.1 0.1
English and non-official language(s) 32,195 16,590 15,610 1.1 1.1 1.1
French and non-official language(s) 35 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 130 65 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 825 445 380 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data197 2,855,890 1,472,060 1,383,830 100.0 100.0 100.0
None 2,703,945 1,398,765 1,305,180 94.7 95.0 94.3
English 36,055 17,805 18,250 1.3 1.2 1.3
French 16,140 7,125 9,020 0.6 0.5 0.7
Non-official language 79,300 38,900 40,400 2.8 2.6 2.9
Indigenous39 1,320 470 850 0.0 0.0 0.1
Non-Indigenous 77,980 38,430 39,550 2.7 2.6 2.9
English and French 70 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
English and non-official language(s) 4,745 2,165 2,580 0.2 0.1 0.2
French and non-official language(s) 1,945 860 1,085 0.1 0.1 0.1
English, French and non-official language(s) 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 13,685 6,410 7,275 0.5 0.4 0.5

Note: Gender

Gender refers to an individual's personal and social identity as a man, woman or non-binary person (a person who is not exclusively a man or a woman).

Gender includes the following concepts:

  • gender identity, which refers to the gender that a person feels internally and individually;
  • gender expression, which refers to the way a person presents their gender, regardless of their gender identity, through body language, aesthetic choices or accessories (e.g., clothes, hairstyle and makeup), which may have traditionally been associated with a specific gender.

A person's gender may differ from their sex at birth, and from what is indicated on their current identification or legal documents such as their birth certificate, passport or driver's licence. A person's gender may change over time.

Some people may not identify with a specific gender.

Given that the non-binary population is small, data aggregation to a two-category gender variable is sometimes necessary to protect the confidentiality of responses provided. In these cases, individuals in the category "non-binary persons" are distributed into the other two gender categories and are denoted by the "＋" symbol.

"Men＋" includes men (and/or boys), as well as some non-binary persons.

"Women＋" includes women (and/or girls), as well as some non-binary persons.

Source

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 13, 2025).

Note(s):

Footnote 36

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 37

First official language spoken refers to the first official language (English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 38

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned more than one language at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has more than one mother tongue only if they learned these languages at the same time, and still understands them. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. A child who has not yet learned to speak has more than one mother tongue only if these languages are spoken to them equally often so that the child learns these languages at the same time.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 39

Users should be aware that estimates associated with Indigenous languages are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

Footnote 40

All languages spoken at home refers to all languages that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 41

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as "spoken most often at home" if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which they feel most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where more than one language is spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If more than one language is spoken equally often to the child, then these languages are included here.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 42

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the language(s), if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language(s) they speak most often at home.

Comparisons to previous Census data is not recommended for the 'Other languages spoken regularly at home' variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 43

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

Knowledge of non-official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 195

"All languages used at work" refers to all languages that the person uses in their job on a regular basis.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 196

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as "used most often at work" if the languages are used equally often.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 197

"Other language(s) used regularly at work" refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages they use most often at work.

Comparisons to previous census data is not recommended for the ‘Other languages used regularly at work’ variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

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