Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	WillowdaleMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts
	Total	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	118,218	...
Population, 2016¹	118,801	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 0.5	...
Total private dwellings²	54,386	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	50,560	...
Population density per square kilometre	5,984.4	...
Land area in square kilometres	19.75	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	118,220	62,280
0 to 14 years	13,355	6,455
0 to 4 years	4,575	2,250
5 to 9 years	4,465	2,110
10 to 14 years	4,315	2,090
15 to 64 years	83,605	43,670
15 to 19 years	5,025	2,445
20 to 24 years	8,115	4,005
25 to 29 years	11,525	6,030
30 to 34 years	12,090	6,040
35 to 39 years	9,500	4,725
40 to 44 years	7,830	4,230
45 to 49 years	7,350	4,065
50 to 54 years	7,630	4,190
55 to 59 years	7,655	4,145
60 to 64 years	6,885	3,790
65 years and over	21,260	12,155
65 to 69 years	6,020	3,330
70 to 74 years	5,190	2,855
75 to 79 years	3,545	2,000
80 to 84 years	2,960	1,745
85 years and over	3,550	2,225
85 to 89 years	2,050	1,270
90 to 94 years	1,180	730
95 to 99 years	270	195
100 years and over	40	30
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	11.3	10.4
15 to 64 years	70.7	70.1
65 years and over	18.0	19.5
85 years and over	3.0	3.6
Average age of the population	42.4	43.6
Median age of the population	39.6	41.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	50,560	...
Single-detached house	12,425	...
Semi-detached house	880	...
Row house	1,745	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,510	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,265	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	30,715	...
Other single-attached house	15	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	50,560	...
1 person	16,010	...
2 persons	16,865	...
3 persons	8,650	...
4 persons	5,925	...
5 or more persons	3,110	...
Number of persons in private households	116,945	61,380
Average household size	2.3	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	104,865	55,825
Married or living common-law	55,945	28,240
Married	49,790	25,210
Living common-law	6,160	3,030
Living common law - Never married	5,020	2,495
Living common law - Separated	170	60
Living common law - Divorced	880	435
Living common law - Widowed	90	45
Not married and not living common-law	48,920	27,585
Not married and not living common law - Never married	35,040	17,590
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,375	1,485
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,300	4,170
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,205	4,335
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	32,070	...
2 persons	16,815	...
3 persons	8,300	...
4 persons	5,535	...
5 or more persons	1,420	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	32,075	...
Total couple families	26,445	...
Married couples	23,375	...
With children⁶	12,960	...
Without children	10,410	...
Common-law couples	3,075	...
With children⁶	535	...
Without children	2,540	...
Total one-parent families	5,625	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,780	...
in which the parent is a man+	845	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	116,945	61,385
Total - Persons in census families	88,115	45,335
Married spouses or common-law partners	52,895	26,395
Parents in one-parent families	5,625	4,785
Children⁶	29,590	14,160
In a two-parent family	21,735	10,380
In a one-parent family	7,860	3,780
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	28,835	16,050
Living alone	16,010	9,295
Living with other relatives⁷	4,190	2,570
Living with non-relatives only	8,630	4,180
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	50,560	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	27,040	...
Couple-family households	22,680	...
With children⁶	11,680	...
Without children	11,000	...
One-parent-family households	4,360	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,340	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	490	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,900	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,780	...
One-person households	16,005	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	103,610	54,935
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	97,655	51,895
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	97,700	51,920
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	86,020	45,055
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	29,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,170	34,545
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	33,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	88,995	47,705
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,200	7,650
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,915	4,170
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30,680	16,005
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	10,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	103,695	55,025
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	97,630	51,970
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,050	48,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	97,685	52,005
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,920	41,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	85,805	45,295
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,100	45,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,285	34,960
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,150	46,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	88,850	47,760
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,200	9,940
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,630	4,005
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	7,090
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30,615	15,935
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,330	10,390
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	103,695	55,025
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	32,280	15,445
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	71,500	66,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	86,600	76,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,690	14,060
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,400	14,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,840	24,660
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.8	81.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	68.8	63.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.2	18.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	1.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.5	7.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.9	6.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	103,605	54,935
Without total income	5,950	3,035
With total income	97,655	51,900
Under $10,000 (including loss)	12,695	7,045
$10,000 to $19,999	12,530	6,950
$20,000 to $29,999	15,725	8,850
$30,000 to $39,999	10,830	6,125
$40,000 to $49,999	8,540	4,870
$50,000 to $59,999	6,835	3,800
$60,000 to $69,999	5,570	2,980
$70,000 to $79,999	4,445	2,355
$80,000 to $89,999	4,100	1,955
$90,000 to $99,999	3,275	1,645
$100,000 and over	13,125	5,325
$100,000 to $149,999	8,295	3,640
$150,000 and over	4,830	1,685
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	103,605	54,935
Without after-tax income	5,910	3,015
With after-tax income	97,695	51,920
Under $10,000 (including loss)	13,090	7,260
$10,000 to $19,999	13,110	7,230
$20,000 to $29,999	17,145	9,680
$30,000 to $39,999	12,430	6,995
$40,000 to $49,999	9,745	5,470
$50,000 to $59,999	7,625	4,060
$60,000 to $69,999	6,095	3,185
$70,000 to $79,999	4,760	2,305
$80,000 to $89,999	3,920	1,900
$90,000 to $99,999	2,585	1,150
$100,000 and over	7,205	2,685
$100,000 to $124,999	3,455	1,415
$125,000 and over	3,750	1,275
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	103,605	54,935
Without employment income	35,440	20,385
With employment income	68,165	34,550
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,210	5,575
$5,000 to $9,999	7,000	3,860
$10,000 to $19,999	7,630	4,165
$20,000 to $29,999	5,175	2,760
$30,000 to $39,999	5,225	2,775
$40,000 to $49,999	4,910	2,640
$50,000 to $59,999	4,580	2,450
$60,000 to $69,999	3,880	1,945
$70,000 to $79,999	3,435	1,780
$80,000 to $89,999	3,260	1,455
$90,000 to $99,999	2,650	1,300
$100,000 and over	10,215	3,850
$100,000 to $124,999	4,500	1,925
$125,000 and over	5,715	1,920
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	103,610	54,935
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	94,700	50,445
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	30,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	94,720	50,455
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,000	29,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	83,565	43,880
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	31,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,705	33,925
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	34,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	83,470	44,760
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,000	1,390
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	3,330	2,135
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,040	6,280
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	103,695	55,025
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	94,765	50,595
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,350	44,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	94,775	50,600
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,760	37,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	83,290	43,995
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,300	45,480
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,715	34,195
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,450	46,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	83,535	44,805
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,112	5,875
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,300	2,140
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,620	8,240
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	103,695	55,025
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,675	15,180
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,000	59,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	79,300	69,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,205	12,700
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,200	21,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,720	30,080
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	91.2	88.4
Employment income (%)	73.2	69.8
Government transfers (%)	8.8	11.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.5	0.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	50,560	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	81,000	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	71,000	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	16,005	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,200	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,400	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	34,555	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	50,555	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	106,300	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	86,800	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	15,965	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	63,050	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,000	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	34,585	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	126,300	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,300	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	50,560	...
Under $5,000	2,090	...
$5,000 to $9,999	770	...
$10,000 to $14,999	780	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,105	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,350	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,660	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,700	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,780	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,595	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,595	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,280	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,170	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,045	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,045	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,710	...
$100,000 and over	19,885	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,635	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,900	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,675	...
$200,000 and over	5,675	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	50,560	...
Under $5,000	2,195	...
$5,000 to $9,999	775	...
$10,000 to $14,999	800	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,175	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,490	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,755	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,905	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,060	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,870	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,990	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,965	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,870	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,620	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,465	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,910	...
$100,000 and over	15,710	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,295	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,550	...
$150,000 and over	6,855	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	32,095	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	11,585	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	13,530	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	105,000	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,180	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,000	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	24,640	13,475
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,400	38,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	35,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	32,030	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	126,800	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,200	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,505	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	115,400	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,700	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,650	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	155,600	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,700	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,145	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,600	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,800	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	24,765	13,515
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	53,050	51,040
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,680	42,880
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	116,945	61,385
0 to 17 years	16,075	7,805
0 to 5 years	5,440	2,655
18 to 64 years	80,690	42,200
65 years and over	20,185	11,375
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	20,875	11,165
0 to 17 years	2,795	1,310
0 to 5 years	875	410
18 to 64 years	13,570	7,170
65 years and over	4,515	2,680
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.9	18.2
0 to 17 years (%)	17.4	16.8
0 to 5 years (%)	16.0	15.4
18 to 64 years (%)	16.8	17.0
65 years and over (%)	22.4	23.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	116,945	61,385
0 to 17 years	16,075	7,805
0 to 5 years	5,435	2,655
18 to 64 years	80,690	42,200
65 years and over	20,180	11,375
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	15,325	7,830
0 to 17 years	1,910	915
0 to 5 years	560	290
18 to 64 years	11,635	5,915
65 years and over	1,780	1,000
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	13.1	12.8
0 to 17 years (%)	11.9	11.7
0 to 5 years (%)	10.3	10.8
18 to 64 years (%)	14.4	14.0
65 years and over (%)	8.8	8.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	116,945	61,385
In bottom half of the distribution	61,655	32,870
In bottom decile	20,325	10,680
In second decile	11,665	6,320
In third decile	10,345	5,535
In fourth decile	9,800	5,245
In fifth decile	9,525	5,085
In top half of the distribution	55,285	28,510
In sixth decile	9,020	4,700
In seventh decile	9,340	4,945
In eighth decile	9,975	5,235
In ninth decile	11,105	5,680
In top decile	15,845	7,950
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	116,945	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.417	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.520	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.366	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	5.6	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	117,390	61,655
English only	102,905	53,200
French only	100	55
English and French	7,585	4,265
Neither English nor French	6,800	4,145
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	117,390	61,655
English	108,240	56,220
French	1,040	555
English and French	1,420	810
Neither English nor French	6,685	4,070
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	117,390	61,655
Single responses	109,260	57,405
Official languages	35,330	17,170
English	34,490	16,720
French	845	445
Non-official languages	73,925	40,240
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5
Algonquian languages	5	5
Blackfoot	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0
Ojibway languages	5	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0
Tahltan	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0
Cayuga	0	0
Mohawk	0	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	0	0
Salish languages	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	73,920	40,235
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,090	1,055
Berber languages	5	5
Kabyle	5	5
Tamazight	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Chadic languages	10	0
Hausa	5	0
Mina	0	0
Coptic	0	0
Cushitic languages	45	30
Bilen	0	0
Oromo	10	5
Somali	35	20
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Semitic languages	2,025	1,015
Amharic	30	10
Arabic	1,485	745
Aramaic languages	35	20
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	30	15
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	5
Harari	0	0
Hebrew	430	220
Maltese	10	5
Tigrigna	30	15
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	630	345
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5
Vietnamese	615	335
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0
Austronesian languages	4,930	2,990
Bikol	10	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	65	40
Cebuano	155	105
Fijian	0	0
Hiligaynon	130	75
Ilocano	545	340
Indonesian	210	125
Kankanaey	5	5
Kinaray-a	5	5
Malagasy languages	0	0
Merina	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0
Malay	5	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	15
Pangasinan	20	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,720	2,240
Waray-Waray	10	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	15
Creole languages	45	30
Haitian Creole	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0
Krio	0	0
Morisyen	30	20
Sango	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Dravidian languages	1,175	535
Kannada	75	30
Malayalam	270	120
Tamil	505	250
Telugu	310	130
Tulu	10	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	5
Georgian	245	115
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0
Indo-European languages	28,795	15,060
Albanian	110	55
Armenian	325	175
Balto-Slavic languages	6,450	3,490
Baltic languages	80	45
Latvian	50	30
Lithuanian	25	15
Slavic languages	6,370	3,445
Belarusian	10	10
Bulgarian	155	80
Czech	60	25
Macedonian	135	65
Polish	360	210
Russian	4,730	2,585
Rusyn	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	460	230
Bosnian	15	10
Croatian	90	45
Serbian	345	170
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	5
Slovak	55	35
Slovene (Slovenian)	40	25
Ukrainian	365	190
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Celtic languages	5	5
Irish	5	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0
Welsh	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Germanic languages	650	355
Frisian	5	0
High German languages	475	265
German	330	175
Pennsylvania German	0	0
Swiss German	15	10
Yiddish	135	85
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	120	65
Afrikaans	20	10
Dutch	95	50
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0
Scandinavian languages	50	25
Danish	20	10
Icelandic	5	0
Norwegian	10	0
Swedish	15	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5
Greek	470	265
Indo-Iranian languages	15,840	8,060
Indo-Aryan languages	3,420	1,645
Assamese	15	5
Bengali	615	295
Gujarati	400	175
Hindi	1,200	575
Kacchi	25	20
Kashmiri	0	0
Konkani	25	20
Marathi	195	95
Nepali	100	55
Oriya languages	40	20
Odia	30	15
Oriya, n.o.s.	10	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	225	110
Rohingya	0	0
Sindhi	30	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	15
Urdu	490	235
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	5
Iranian languages	12,420	6,410
Baluchi	0	0
Kurdish	160	65
Parsi	20	5
Pashto	25	10
Persian languages	12,190	6,310
Dari	195	95
Iranian Persian	10,805	5,580
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,195	635
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,925	2,660
Catalan	0	0
Italian	1,325	730
Portuguese	865	445
Romanian	615	345
Spanish	2,105	1,130
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	5
Japanese	805	480
Korean	9,795	5,265
Mongolian	30	15
Niger-Congo languages	160	85
Akan (Twi)	15	10
Bamanankan	0	0
Edo	5	0
Éwé	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0
Ga	0	0
Ganda	5	5
Gikuyu	0	0
Igbo	25	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0
Lingala	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0
Mòoré	0	0
Mwani	0	0
Ndebele	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0
Shona	10	5
Soninke	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0
Swahili	35	15
Wojenaka	0	0
Wolof	0	0
Yoruba	25	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0
Dinka	0	0
Nuer	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0
Sign languages	5	0
American Sign Language	10	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	23,605	13,480
Chinese languages	23,550	13,450
Hakka	125	70
Mandarin	14,495	8,295
Min Dong	20	15
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	570	320
Wu (Shanghainese)	205	110
Yue (Cantonese)	7,860	4,495
Chinese, n.o.s.	260	140
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	50	25
Burmese	10	5
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibetan	30	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages	75	55
Lao	10	10
Thai	55	45
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	5	5
Turkic languages	980	435
Azerbaijani	295	130
Kazakh	10	5
Turkish	620	270
Uyghur	15	10
Uzbek	25	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	5
Uralic languages	545	300
Estonian	70	40
Finnish	60	30
Hungarian	415	225
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5
Multiple responses	8,130	4,255
English and French	330	145
English and non-official language(s)	6,705	3,475
French and non-official language(s)	140	85
English, French and non-official language(s)	145	75
Multiple non-official languages	810	465
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	117,390	61,655
English	39,840	19,705
French	195	110
Non-official language	27,310	15,075
Indigenous³⁹	0	0
Non-Indigenous	27,310	15,075
English and French	785	405
English and non-official language(s)	45,895	24,470
French and non-official language(s)	85	50
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,230	705
Multiple non-official languages	2,045	1,135
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	117,390	61,655
Single responses	107,330	56,275
Official languages	56,465	28,575
English	56,100	28,375
French	370	200
Non-official languages	50,860	27,705
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0
Tahltan	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0
Cayuga	0	0
Mohawk	0	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	0	0
Salish languages	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	50,860	27,705
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,055	550
Berber languages	10	0
Kabyle	10	0
Tamazight	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Chadic languages	5	0
Hausa	5	0
Mina	0	0
Coptic	0	0
Cushitic languages	25	15
Bilen	0	0
Oromo	10	5
Somali	10	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Semitic languages	1,020	530
Amharic	15	5
Arabic	755	395
Aramaic languages	10	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0
Harari	0	0
Hebrew	215	115
Maltese	0	0
Tigrigna	20	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	310	160
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0
Vietnamese	305	160
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0
Austronesian languages	3,490	2,040
Bikol	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	55	40
Cebuano	85	55
Fijian	0	0
Hiligaynon	60	30
Ilocano	405	230
Indonesian	95	55
Kankanaey	5	0
Kinaray-a	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0
Merina	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0
Malay	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	10
Pangasinan	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,730	1,600
Waray-Waray	10	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	15
Creole languages	30	15
Haitian Creole	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0
Krio	0	0
Morisyen	25	15
Sango	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Dravidian languages	735	345
Kannada	30	15
Malayalam	145	65
Tamil	350	175
Telugu	210	90
Tulu	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Georgian	190	90
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0
Indo-European languages	18,535	9,790
Albanian	40	20
Armenian	190	105
Balto-Slavic languages	4,000	2,205
Baltic languages	30	20
Latvian	20	10
Lithuanian	10	5
Slavic languages	3,975	2,185
Belarusian	0	0
Bulgarian	80	40
Czech	20	10
Macedonian	40	20
Polish	115	70
Russian	3,330	1,845
Rusyn	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	220	115
Bosnian	5	0
Croatian	30	15
Serbian	185	95
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5
Slovak	10	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5
Ukrainian	145	70
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Celtic languages	5	0
Irish	5	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0
Welsh	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Germanic languages	55	30
Frisian	0	0
High German languages	35	20
German	25	15
Pennsylvania German	0	0
Swiss German	0	0
Yiddish	5	5
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5
Afrikaans	0	5
Dutch	10	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0
Scandinavian languages	15	5
Danish	0	0
Icelandic	0	0
Norwegian	5	0
Swedish	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Greek	160	95
Indo-Iranian languages	11,525	5,975
Indo-Aryan languages	1,860	895
Assamese	10	5
Bengali	355	175
Gujarati	210	85
Hindi	690	325
Kacchi	5	5
Kashmiri	0	0
Konkani	5	5
Marathi	105	55
Nepali	60	30
Oriya languages	10	5
Odia	10	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	110	60
Rohingya	0	0
Sindhi	5	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5
Urdu	270	130
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iranian languages	9,665	5,075
Baluchi	0	0
Kurdish	85	40
Parsi	15	10
Pashto	20	10
Persian languages	9,525	5,005
Dari	130	65
Iranian Persian	8,475	4,455
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	915	490
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,550	1,365
Catalan	0	0
Italian	380	235
Portuguese	560	280
Romanian	305	175
Spanish	1,305	680
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Japanese	515	280
Korean	7,820	4,205
Mongolian	15	5
Niger-Congo languages	35	25
Akan (Twi)	10	10
Bamanankan	0	0
Edo	0	0
Éwé	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0
Ga	0	0
Ganda	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0
Igbo	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0
Lingala	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0
Mòoré	0	0
Mwani	0	0
Ndebele	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0
Shona	0	0
Soninke	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0
Swahili	5	5
Wojenaka	0	0
Wolof	0	0
Yoruba	5	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5
Dinka	0	0
Nuer	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5
African, n.o.s.	0	0
Sign languages	20	5
American Sign Language	10	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	17,330	9,815
Chinese languages	17,295	9,800
Hakka	20	10
Mandarin	11,425	6,400
Min Dong	5	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	320	185
Wu (Shanghainese)	135	80
Yue (Cantonese)	5,225	3,045
Chinese, n.o.s.	165	85
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	35	15
Burmese	5	5
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibetan	30	15
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	20
Lao	0	0
Thai	30	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Turkic languages	575	265
Azerbaijani	185	85
Kazakh	0	0
Turkish	360	170
Uyghur	10	5
Uzbek	20	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Uralic languages	170	90
Estonian	15	5
Finnish	10	5
Hungarian	140	80
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Multiple responses	10,060	5,375
English and French	205	120
English and non-official language(s)	9,475	5,035
French and non-official language(s)	25	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	95	50
Multiple non-official languages	250	150
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	117,390	61,660
None	75,635	39,310
English	18,950	10,115
French	750	390
Non-official language	16,435	8,830
Indigenous³⁹	5	5
Non-Indigenous	16,430	8,830
English and French	245	140
English and non-official language(s)	2,625	1,415
French and non-official language(s)	555	315
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	30
Multiple non-official languages	2,145	1,105
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	117,125	61,635
Official languages	110,255	57,520
English	110,170	57,485
French	7,560	4,300
Non-official languages	88,590	47,785
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0
Tahltan	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0
Cayuga	0	0
Mohawk	0	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	0	0
Salish languages	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	88,590	47,785
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,010	2,020
Berber languages	0	0
Kabyle	0	0
Tamazight	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Chadic languages	15	15
Hausa	10	10
Mina	0	0
Coptic	30	10
Cushitic languages	85	40
Bilen	0	0
Oromo	40	15
Somali	45	25
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Semitic languages	3,905	1,965
Amharic	65	30
Arabic	2,215	1,095
Aramaic languages	25	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	15	0
Harari	0	0
Hebrew	1,645	860
Maltese	0	0
Tigrigna	40	30
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	860	450
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	20
Vietnamese	830	435
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0
Austronesian languages	7,040	4,295
Bikol	20	10
Bisaya, n.o.s.	85	50
Cebuano	285	185
Fijian	0	0
Hiligaynon	195	105
Ilocano	1,345	805
Indonesian	300	155
Kankanaey	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0
Merina	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0
Malay	100	65
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	55	30
Pangasinan	30	20
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	6,465	3,965
Waray-Waray	15	15
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	160	85
Creole languages	135	80
Haitian Creole	10	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0
Krio	0	0
Morisyen	75	35
Sango	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	45	30
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	15
Dravidian languages	1,815	860
Kannada	230	120
Malayalam	455	225
Tamil	935	430
Telugu	530	230
Tulu	20	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Georgian	300	155
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0
Indo-European languages	37,160	19,025
Albanian	210	105
Armenian	355	175
Balto-Slavic languages	8,165	4,415
Baltic languages	110	65
Latvian	70	40
Lithuanian	40	25
Slavic languages	8,115	4,380
Belarusian	50	25
Bulgarian	185	85
Czech	80	60
Macedonian	180	90
Polish	450	260
Russian	6,560	3,565
Rusyn	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	605	315
Bosnian	60	35
Croatian	175	85
Serbian	485	270
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	40	20
Slovak	135	80
Slovene (Slovenian)	45	20
Ukrainian	850	480
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Celtic languages	30	10
Irish	30	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0
Welsh	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Germanic languages	1,495	790
Frisian	0	0
High German languages	1,155	600
German	885	430
Pennsylvania German	0	0
Swiss German	10	10
Yiddish	270	170
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	260	140
Afrikaans	105	55
Dutch	145	80
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0
Scandinavian languages	105	55
Danish	30	15
Icelandic	0	0
Norwegian	40	10
Swedish	45	25
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Greek	800	435
Indo-Iranian languages	19,950	9,830
Indo-Aryan languages	6,035	2,970
Assamese	0	0
Bengali	920	470
Gujarati	830	380
Hindi	3,925	1,890
Kacchi	75	45
Kashmiri	0	0
Konkani	70	35
Marathi	475	230
Nepali	160	85
Oriya languages	100	55
Odia	70	35
Oriya, n.o.s.	30	20
Punjabi (Panjabi)	660	300
Rohingya	0	0
Sindhi	80	30
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	90	35
Urdu	1,145	555
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	20
Iranian languages	14,005	6,905
Baluchi	0	0
Kurdish	235	90
Parsi	40	10
Pashto	80	25
Persian languages	13,805	6,850
Dari	240	115
Iranian Persian	12,535	6,250
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,070	495
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	45	20
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	0
Italic (Romance) languages	7,570	3,995
Catalan	10	0
Italian	2,080	1,125
Portuguese	1,215	655
Romanian	825	495
Spanish	4,050	2,060
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	10
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Japanese	1,400	750
Korean	11,095	5,935
Mongolian	45	35
Niger-Congo languages	515	280
Akan (Twi)	30	15
Bamanankan	0	0
Edo	25	15
Éwé	15	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0
Ga	10	0
Ganda	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0
Igbo	40	15
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0
Lingala	20	20
Luba-Kasai	0	0
Mòoré	0	0
Mwani	0	0
Ndebele	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	10
Shona	15	10
Soninke	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	10	10
Swahili	170	75
Wojenaka	0	0
Wolof	0	0
Yoruba	135	80
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	65	30
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	0
Dinka	0	0
Nuer	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0
Sign languages	50	35
American Sign Language	40	30
Quebec Sign Language	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	27,310	15,490
Chinese languages	27,230	15,455
Hakka	170	60
Mandarin	19,540	11,260
Min Dong	10	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,135	645
Wu (Shanghainese)	320	175
Yue (Cantonese)	10,445	6,010
Chinese, n.o.s.	300	160
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	30	20
Tibeto-Burman languages	105	55
Burmese	20	10
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibetan	75	40
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	80	40
Lao	20	10
Thai	65	35
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Turkic languages	1,790	800
Azerbaijani	600	275
Kazakh	45	20
Turkish	1,325	585
Uyghur	15	10
Uzbek	50	30
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	35	25
Uralic languages	730	385
Estonian	120	70
Finnish	80	55
Hungarian	535	275
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	10
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	117,125	61,635
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	305	135
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	285	125
First Nations (North American Indian)	225	85
Métis	60	35
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	25	10
Non-Indigenous identity	116,820	61,500
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	117,125	61,635
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	160	60
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	116,965	61,580
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	50,555	...
Owner	29,340	...
Renter	21,210	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	50,555	...
Condominium	27,650	...
Not condominium	22,900	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	50,555	...
No bedrooms	645	...
1 bedroom	14,095	...
2 bedrooms	18,440	...
3 bedrooms	8,400	...
4 or more bedrooms	8,965	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	50,555	...
1 to 4 rooms	30,370	...
5 rooms	6,115	...
6 rooms	3,905	...
7 rooms	3,060	...
8 or more rooms	7,100	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.7	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	50,555	...
One person or fewer per room	47,715	...
More than one person per room	2,835	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	50,555	...
Suitable	44,370	...
Not suitable	6,180	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	50,555	...
1960 or before	6,375	...
1961 to 1980	9,240	...
1981 to 1990	5,105	...
1991 to 2000	7,180	...
2001 to 2005	7,940	...
2006 to 2010	6,410	...
2011 to 2015	5,640	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,675	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	50,555	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	48,320	...
Major repairs needed	2,230	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	50,555	...
One-maintainer household	27,255	...
Two-maintainer household	19,665	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	3,630	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	50,555	...
15 to 24 years	2,100	...
25 to 34 years	9,915	...
35 to 44 years	9,000	...
45 to 54 years	8,530	...
55 to 64 years	8,390	...
65 to 74 years	6,625	...
75 to 84 years	4,065	...
85 years and over	1,920	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	49,845	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	28,675	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	21,175	...
30% to less than 100%	16,180	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	50,550	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	26,080	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	17,965	...
Not suitable only	3,635	...
Major repairs needed only	1,100	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	2,255	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	840	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	170	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	120	...
Acceptable housing	24,470	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	44,855	...
In core need	9,295	...
Not in core need	35,555	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	29,340	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	54.8	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	37.6	...
% in core housing need⁶³	15.7	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,720	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,202	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	850,000	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,187,000	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	21,215	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.0	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	49.3	...
% in core housing need⁶³	28.0	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,860	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,880	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	117,125	61,640
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	80	35
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	80	35
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	80	35
Métis single ancestry	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	340	170
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	335	165
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	275	135
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	25
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	116,710	61,430
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	117,125	61,640
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	83,475	43,805
Canadian citizens aged under 18	13,015	6,365
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	70,460	37,440
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	33,655	17,830
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	117,125	61,640
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	35,140	17,265
Immigrants⁸¹	70,535	38,620
Before 1980	7,725	4,375
1980 to 1990	6,540	3,650
1991 to 2000	14,165	7,670
2001 to 2010	17,960	9,745
2011 to 2021⁸²	24,145	13,175
2011 to 2015	10,285	5,645
2016 to 2021	13,860	7,535
Non-permanent residents⁸³	11,455	5,755
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	70,535	38,615
Under 5 years	4,180	2,285
5 to 14 years	10,555	5,195
15 to 24 years	11,205	5,855
25 to 44 years	34,145	19,535
45 years and over	10,445	5,745
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	70,535	38,615
Americas	4,145	2,180
Brazil	340	170
Colombia	280	165
El Salvador	115	40
Guyana	285	145
Haiti	10	0
Jamaica	435	255
Mexico	365	175
Peru	115	50
Trinidad and Tobago	355	195
United States of America	810	400
Other places of birth in Americas	1,035	580
Europe	9,905	5,485
Bosnia and Herzegovina	85	45
Croatia	90	35
France	105	55
Germany	280	120
Greece	400	230
Hungary	305	165
Italy	860	455
Netherlands	85	40
Poland	335	175
Portugal	180	100
Romania	715	425
Russian Federation	2,135	1,250
Serbia⁸⁶	235	145
Ukraine	1,315	765
United Kingdom⁸⁷	915	485
Other places of birth in Europe	1,870	990
Africa	2,090	1,050
Algeria	10	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	20
Egypt	575	240
Eritrea	25	20
Ethiopia	85	35
Morocco	100	60
Nigeria	230	105
Somalia	15	15
South Africa, Republic of	345	160
Other places of birth in Africa	680	390
Asia	54,270	29,835
Afghanistan	180	80
Iran⁸⁸	10,700	5,420
Iraq	195	90
Lebanon	300	160
Syria⁸⁹	195	100
Turkey	285	140
China⁹⁰	12,305	7,170
Hong Kong⁹¹	4,300	2,530
Korea, South⁹²	7,930	4,190
Taiwan	1,660	995
Philippines	6,340	3,890
Viet Nam	645	370
Bangladesh	440	240
India	3,850	1,875
Pakistan	655	310
Sri Lanka	230	125
Other places of birth in Asia	4,050	2,150
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	120	70
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	13,855	7,535
Americas	815	430
Brazil	175	95
Colombia	30	0
Haiti	0	0
Jamaica	25	15
Mexico	90	30
United States of America	230	135
Venezuela⁹⁵	105	50
Other places of birth in Americas	165	110
Europe	865	475
France	15	10
Germany	10	10
Ireland⁹⁶	30	15
Italy	30	15
Russian Federation	320	195
Ukraine	145	70
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	20
Other places of birth in Europe	275	145
Africa	495	240
Algeria	0	0
Burundi	0	0
Cameroon	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	40	30
Egypt	110	55
Eritrea	10	10
Ethiopia	30	10
Morocco	0	0
Nigeria	155	70
Somalia	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	50	25
Sudan⁹⁷	10	0
Tunisia	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	65	35
Asia	11,655	6,370
Afghanistan	40	10
Bangladesh	145	75
China⁹⁰	3,045	1,865
Hong Kong⁹¹	120	90
India	2,275	1,110
Iran⁸⁸	1,765	880
Iraq	20	0
Israel	30	10
Japan	75	45
Jordan	15	0
Korea, South⁹²	860	490
Lebanon	60	30
Nepal	35	15
Pakistan	190	85
Philippines	1,910	1,065
Saudi Arabia	70	25
Sri Lanka	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	55	30
Turkey	105	50
United Arab Emirates	70	35
Viet Nam	135	95
Other places of birth in Asia	630	360
Oceania and other⁹³	25	15
Australia	20	15
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	117,125	61,635
First generation¹⁰⁰	83,140	44,950
Second generation¹⁰¹	23,220	11,410
Third generation or more¹⁰²	10,760	5,285
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	62,805	34,240
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	46,220	24,625
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	19,605	9,185
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	26,620	15,435
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	11,545	7,065
Refugees¹⁰⁸	4,305	2,120
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	730	430
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	62,805	34,240
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	2,925	1,495
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	4,925	3,265
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	2,950	1,390
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	6,115	3,690
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	150	90
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	45,740	24,315
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	117,125	61,635
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	83,215	44,315
South Asian	8,865	4,400
Chinese	29,655	16,485
Black	2,865	1,535
Filipino	7,590	4,440
Arab	1,690	820
Latin American	2,285	1,105
Southeast Asian	1,540	830
West Asian	12,865	6,405
Korean	11,555	6,100
Japanese	900	515
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	815	385
Multiple visible minorities	2,590	1,295
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	33,910	17,320
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	117,125	61,635
Canadian	3,745	1,800
English	4,625	2,410
Irish	3,940	2,030
Scottish	3,510	1,790
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,350	670
German	2,390	1,150
Chinese	26,835	14,860
Italian	4,145	2,125
Indian (India)	5,625	2,730
Ukrainian	2,240	1,185
Dutch	755	445
Polish	2,325	1,175
Québécois	65	25
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,415	735
Filipino	6,905	3,980
French Canadian	355	175
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	955	470
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	145	80
Métis	55	30
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	860	440
Russian	4,450	2,465
Norwegian	160	70
Welsh	530	285
Portuguese	910	465
American	350	195
Spanish	1,350	750
Swedish	235	125
Hungarian	915	440
Acadian	45	25
Pakistani	835	415
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	605	325
Jewish	3,790	1,960
Punjabi	160	75
Vietnamese	1,040	540
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	725	350
Greek	1,215	585
Jamaican	810	405
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	2,990	1,660
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	15	10
Korean	11,055	5,800
Romanian	1,015	530
Lebanese	400	200
Iranian	10,370	5,135
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	585	325
Danish	120	80
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	55	40
Sikh	60	25
Austrian	400	190
Belgian	90	40
Haitian	40	25
Hindu	725	340
Mexican	570	300
Mennonite	0	0
Swiss	125	60
Finnish	295	190
Sri Lankan	285	140
Croatian	195	105
Japanese	1,130	605
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	705	355
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	10	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	120	50
Muslim	550	250
Egyptian	740	355
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	370	170
Tamil	250	135
Icelandic	35	0
Colombian	365	200
Moroccan	205	110
Czech	190	110
Syrian	160	75
Guyanese	325	140
Afghan	295	145
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	180	105
Serbian	425	200
Ojibway	55	0
Newfoundlander	40	30
Hong Konger	1,705	995
Ontarian	130	60
Persian	3,695	1,810
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	320	125
Turkish	700	320
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0
Bangladeshi	435	240
Algerian	30	15
Brazilian	515	265
Nigerian	255	120
Armenian	495	235
Slovak	140	90
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	475	275
Somali	60	30
Taiwanese	1,665	935
Iraqi	135	55
Salvadorean	135	65
African Caribbean	170	90
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	1,070	575
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	535	290
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	170	85
Algonquin	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	115	65
Lithuanian	270	140
South African	190	90
Australian	60	25
Palestinian	250	145
Chilean	75	35
Congolese	50	30
Nova Scotian	10	10
Ethiopian	110	60
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	135	50
Peruvian	115	55
Yoruba	125	55
Cambodian (Khmer)	85	60
Berber	0	0
Albanian	225	120
Maltese	60	25
Macedonian	265	125
Slovenian	130	60
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	35	15
New Brunswicker	0	0
Gujarati	155	75
Eritrean	20	15
African Canadian	25	15
Israeli	435	230
Mohawk	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	60	25
Bulgarian	205	100
Albertan	0	0
Ghanaian	45	30
Barbadian	100	45
African American	90	50
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	40	20
Tunisian	15	10
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	275	130
Cuban	75	30
Bosnian	55	40
Venezuelan	240	130
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0
Latvian	140	65
Bengali	220	110
Cameroonian	20	10
Guatemalan	25	20
Indonesian	285	170
Laotian	30	10
Ilocano	560	330
Northern Irish	40	10
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	40	25
British Columbian	0	0
Ecuadorian	130	75
Franco Ontarian	10	0
Argentinian	145	60
Estonian	190	115
Kurdish	255	90
Fijian	15	0
Jatt	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	20	10
Coptic	145	65
Thai	45	20
Dominican	75	40
Nepali	135	85
Kabyle	0	0
Assyrian	15	0
Igbo	60	25
Byelorussian	190	70
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0
Abenaki	0	0
Moldovan	185	100
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	0
New Zealander	15	10
Sudanese	45	20
Breton	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0
Malaysian	245	160
Plains Cree	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	45	30
Huron (Wendat)	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0
Buddhist	105	55
Gaspesian	0	0
Norman	30	10
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	60	40
Ivorian	40	30
Saulteaux	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	10	0
Burundian	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0
Mauritian	40	15
Kenyan	120	50
Oji-Cree	0	0
Vincentian	40	25
Jordanian	75	30
Manitoban	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0
Rwandan	0	0
Grenadian	35	10
Malayali	125	50
Chaldean	0	0
Sinhalese	25	15
Mayan	10	10
Honduran	10	10
Cherokee	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	15	0
Flemish	15	0
United Empire Loyalist	15	10
Senegalese	0	0
Azerbaijani	465	240
Sicilian	0	0
Pashtun	40	15
Malay	95	35
Goan	75	35
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0
Tibetan	70	30
Zimbabwean	0	0
Burmese	50	20
Mongolian	75	55
Azorean	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0
Bamileke	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	35	20
Ugandan	45	20
Oromo	0	0
Tanzanian	40	25
Yemeni	45	25
Central African	0	0
Libyan	40	25
Basque	0	0
Uruguayan	65	35
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	40	15
Igorot	85	55
Fulani	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0
Guinean	0	0
St. Lucian	20	10
Prince Edward Islander	15	0
Maliseet	0	0
Beninese	0	0
Telugu	35	20
Roma	10	10
Costa Rican	25	15
African Nova Scotian	0	0
Malagasy	0	0
Kashmiri	45	25
Singaporean	80	50
Karen	0	0
Edo	30	10
Tajik	25	0
Amhara	10	0
Paraguayan	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	117,125	61,635
Buddhist	2,920	1,665
Christian	45,135	24,960
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	10,635	5,925
Anabaptist	25	15
Anglican	1,540	915
Baptist	945	530
Catholic	20,545	11,305
Christian Orthodox	4,555	2,465
Jehovah's Witness	155	100
Latter Day Saints	60	30
Lutheran	455	225
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	205	110
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	820	420
Presbyterian	2,355	1,235
Reformed	75	55
United Church	1,185	730
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,575	895
Hindu	4,630	2,310
Jewish	5,290	2,890
Muslim	12,720	6,455
Sikh	280	150
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	25	15
Other religions and spiritual traditions	930	490
No religion and secular perspectives	45,195	22,700
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	116,210	61,155
Non-movers	95,595	50,650
Movers	20,620	10,505
Non-migrants	13,840	7,105
Migrants	6,780	3,405
Internal migrants	3,220	1,630
Intraprovincial migrants	2,630	1,320
Interprovincial migrants	590	310
External migrants	3,560	1,775
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	112,600	59,330
Non-movers	61,285	33,030
Movers	51,315	26,300
Non-migrants	23,095	11,890
Migrants	28,215	14,405
Internal migrants	10,860	5,630
Intraprovincial migrants	8,660	4,470
Interprovincial migrants	2,200	1,160
External migrants	17,355	8,775
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	103,695	55,025
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,370	4,435
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	95,320	50,590
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	70,425	37,205
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,330	1,080
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	68,095	36,125
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	103,695	55,030
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,870	4,205
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,435	10,475
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	75,390	40,350
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,360	10,290
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,270	985
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,310	655
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	955	335
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,645	7,305
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,450	2,000
Bachelor's degree or higher	57,030	30,060
Bachelor's degree	35,035	19,055
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	3,285	1,820
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,880	920
Master's degree	14,510	7,335
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	2,315	935
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	70,425	37,205
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,125	980
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,315	4,465
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	58,980	31,765
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	12,620	6,995
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,285	530
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	735	340
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	545	185
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,930	5,035
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,410	1,430
Bachelor's degree or higher	46,365	24,765
Bachelor's degree	27,945	15,250
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,475	1,405
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,465	785
Master's degree	12,690	6,530
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,790	795
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	103,695	55,030
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	28,300	14,680
Education	3,220	2,695
13. Education	3,220	2,695
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,400	2,325
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	250	105
50. Visual and performing arts	3,155	2,225
Humanities	4,490	3,070
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	945	745
23. English language and literature/letters	1,280	945
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	985	735
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	85	55
38. Philosophy and religious studies	250	95
39. Theology and religious vocations	335	130
54. History	450	240
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	150	130
Social and behavioural sciences and law	9,850	6,150
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	145	120
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,030	650
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,005	880
22. Legal professions and studies	1,520	835
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	200	115
42. Psychology	1,350	1,050
45. Social sciences	4,600	2,495
Business, management and public administration	19,195	10,680
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	735	545
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	18,450	10,120
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,195	2,245
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,880	1,155
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	835	450
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	125	85
40. Physical sciences	1,250	500
41. Science technologies/technicians	100	55
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	6,815	2,730
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,970	1,770
25. Library science	180	150
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,395	680
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	280	130
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	13,215	3,140
04. Architecture and related services	1,055	465
14. Engineering	9,035	2,305
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,640	320
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0
46. Construction trades	640	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	615	15
48. Precision production	220	25
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	885	520
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	560	315
03. Natural resources and conservation	325	210
Health and related fields	8,340	5,900
30.37 Design for human health	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	470	215
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,360	5,430
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	15
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	480	240
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,775	865
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,220	735
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	0
43. Security and protective services	235	60
49. Transportation and materials moving	285	65
Other¹⁷⁹	15	15
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	70,420	37,210
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	11,445	5,440
Education	2,075	1,690
13. Education	2,075	1,690
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,695	1,845
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	175	90
50. Visual and performing arts	2,520	1,750
Humanities	3,270	2,255
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	705	590
23. English language and literature/letters	890	670
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	760	550
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	50	40
38. Philosophy and religious studies	185	50
39. Theology and religious vocations	250	85
54. History	345	200
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	90	70
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,675	4,825
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	115	105
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	855	540
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	735	660
22. Legal professions and studies	1,220	715
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	145	80
42. Psychology	1,060	805
45. Social sciences	3,535	1,920
Business, management and public administration	15,840	8,940
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	555	410
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	15,280	8,515
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,965	1,595
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,455	865
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	535	290
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	105	70
40. Physical sciences	835	355
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,945	2,350
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,525	1,600
25. Library science	120	100
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,075	550
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	225	105
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,150	2,655
04. Architecture and related services	825	420
14. Engineering	7,195	1,980
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,165	220
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0
46. Construction trades	445	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	395	10
48. Precision production	115	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	685	420
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	405	225
03. Natural resources and conservation	280	195
Health and related fields	6,385	4,570
30.37 Design for human health	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	330	160
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,665	4,200
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	15
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	365	200
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,280	605
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	915	535
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	0
43. Security and protective services	155	35
49. Transportation and materials moving	190	40
Other¹⁷⁹	15	15
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	70,420	37,210
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,445	5,440
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	58,985	31,765
Location of study inside Canada	32,550	16,990
Same as province or territory of residence	30,080	15,695
Different than province or territory of residence	2,465	1,295
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	26,430	14,775
Americas	3,200	1,470
United States of America	2,090	880
Mexico	195	110
Cuba	15	0
Haiti	0	0
Jamaica	35	20
Brazil	405	200
Colombia	155	80
Peru	30	15
Venezuela⁹⁵	100	65
Other locations of study in Americas	175	100
Europe	3,830	2,045
Belgium	0	0
France	150	75
Germany	40	20
Netherlands	15	0
Switzerland	30	15
Hungary	50	15
Moldova¹⁸³	85	50
Poland	55	30
Romania	255	140
Russian Federation	915	555
Ukraine	515	295
Ireland⁹⁶	60	35
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,100	540
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25	20
Italy	35	25
Serbia⁸⁶	50	30
Other locations of study in Europe	445	215
Africa	540	285
Nigeria	90	55
Algeria	0	0
Morocco	20	10
Tunisia	10	0
Egypt	210	105
South Africa, Republic of	80	35
Other locations of study in Africa	130	70
Asia	18,620	10,865
Iran⁸⁸	4,515	2,500
Iraq	35	10
Israel	125	65
Lebanon	115	65
Syria⁸⁹	65	35
Turkey	215	90
China⁹⁰	2,995	1,750
Taiwan	320	225
Hong Kong⁹¹	360	240
Japan	345	225
Korea, South⁹²	2,520	1,560
Philippines	2,975	2,000
Viet Nam	60	40
Bangladesh	125	80
Sri Lanka	45	25
India	2,660	1,310
Pakistan	205	120
Other locations of study in Asia	960	520
Oceania	235	105
Australia	195	85
New Zealand	40	25
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	103,695	55,030
In the labour force	64,835	32,480
Employed	56,595	28,100
Unemployed	8,240	4,380
Not in the labour force	38,860	22,550
Participation rate	62.5	59.0
Employment rate	54.6	51.1
Unemployment rate	12.7	13.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	103,695	55,030
Did not work¹⁸⁶	41,485	23,650
Worked	62,210	31,380
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	33,870	16,070
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	28,340	15,310
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.2	39.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	64,835	32,480
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,440	1,290
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	62,390	31,190
Employee	50,765	26,635
Permanent position	41,665	21,535
Temporary position	9,100	5,105
Fixed term (1 year or more)	4,095	2,285
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,005	2,820
Self-employed¹⁹²	11,625	4,550
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	64,835	32,480
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,440	1,290
All occupations¹⁹¹	62,390	31,190
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	935	250
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	15,055	9,490
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	10,825	3,345
3 Health occupations	4,860	3,455
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,970	4,440
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,715	1,390
6 Sales and service occupations	13,970	7,685
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,320	595
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	215	55
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,540	480
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	64,835	32,480
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,440	1,290
All industries¹⁹¹	62,390	31,190
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	120	55
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	70	10
22 Utilities	270	110
23 Construction	2,910	550
31-33 Manufacturing	3,525	1,300
41 Wholesale trade	2,095	875
44-45 Retail trade	5,675	3,240
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,235	605
51 Information and cultural industries	2,035	810
52 Finance and insurance	7,040	3,555
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,245	1,070
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	10,920	4,700
55 Management of companies and enterprises	490	230
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,260	1,105
61 Educational services	4,500	2,950
62 Health care and social assistance	6,830	5,030
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,070	495
72 Accommodation and food services	3,485	1,820
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,305	1,470
91 Public administration	2,325	1,210
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	68,390	34,505
English	57,730	28,860
French	90	70
Non-official language	2,000	970
Indigenous³⁹	0	0
Non-Indigenous	2,000	970
English and French	895	550
English and non-official language(s)	7,445	3,930
French and non-official language(s)	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	145	100
Multiple non-official languages	80	30
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	68,390	34,505
Single responses	66,690	33,655
Official languages	62,845	31,720
English	62,605	31,540
French	245	180
Non-official languages	3,840	1,935
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0
Mohawk	0	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	0	0
Salish languages	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,840	1,935
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	10
Berber languages	0	0
Kabyle	0	0
Tamazight	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0
Coptic	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0
Bilen	0	0
Oromo	0	0
Somali	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Semitic languages	35	10
Amharic	0	0
Arabic	20	10
Aramaic languages	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0
Hebrew	15	0
Tigrigna	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0
Vietnamese	15	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Austronesian languages	50	20
Bikol	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0
Cebuano	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0
Ilocano	0	0
Indonesian	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0
Malay	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50	20
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Creole languages	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0
Morisyen	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Dravidian languages	15	0
Kannada	0	0
Malayalam	0	0
Tamil	15	0
Telugu	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Georgian	10	0
Indo-European languages	955	460
Albanian	0	0
Armenian	10	0
Balto-Slavic languages	195	80
Baltic languages	0	0
Latvian	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0
Slavic languages	195	80
Bulgarian	0	0
Czech	0	0
Macedonian	0	0
Polish	0	0
Russian	185	80
Serbo-Croatian	0	0
Bosnian	0	0
Croatian	0	0
Serbian	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0
Slovak	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Germanic languages	10	0
Frisian	0	0
High German languages	10	0
German	10	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0
Swiss German	0	0
Yiddish	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0
Dutch	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0
Danish	0	0
Icelandic	0	0
Norwegian	0	0
Swedish	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Greek	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	605	305
Indo-Aryan languages	15	10
Bengali	0	0
Gujarati	0	0
Hindi	0	0
Kacchi	0	0
Marathi	10	0
Nepali	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0
Sindhi	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0
Urdu	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iranian languages	590	295
Kurdish	0	0
Pashto	0	0
Persian languages	590	295
Dari	15	0
Iranian Persian	530	280
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40	20
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	125	60
Catalan	0	0
Italian	0	0
Portuguese	40	15
Romanian	10	10
Spanish	80	35
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Japanese	95	40
Korean	980	515
Mongolian	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0
Edo	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0
Ga	0	0
Ganda	0	0
Igbo	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0
Lingala	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0
Shona	0	0
Swahili	0	0
Wolof	0	0
Yoruba	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0
Dinka	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sign languages	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,620	845
Chinese languages	1,620	845
Hakka	0	0
Mandarin	1,345	685
Min Dong	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	255	150
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0
Burmese	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibetan	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0
Lao	0	0
Thai	10	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Turkic languages	35	15
Azerbaijani	15	0
Turkish	15	10
Uyghur	0	0
Uzbek	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Uralic languages	10	0
Estonian	0	0
Finnish	0	0
Hungarian	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Multiple responses	1,700	855
English and French	175	120
English and non-official language(s)	1,490	710
French and non-official language(s)	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15
Multiple non-official languages	15	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	68,390	34,505
None	61,340	30,645
English	1,710	935
French	590	345
Non-official language	3,885	2,090
Indigenous³⁹	0	0
Non-Indigenous	3,885	2,090
English and French	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	215	115
French and non-official language(s)	90	55
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	550	330
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	56,595	28,100
Worked at home	24,725	12,515
Worked outside Canada	600	190
No fixed workplace address	5,000	1,470
Usual place of work	26,270	13,925
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	26,275	13,920
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	18,650	10,455
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	7,550	3,420
Commute to a different province or territory	75	45
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	31,275	15,395
Car, truck or van	18,675	7,840
Car, truck or van - as a driver	16,700	6,455
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,970	1,385
Public transit	9,570	5,795
Walked	2,110	1,245
Bicycle	160	75
Other method	760	445
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	31,275	15,395
Less than 15 minutes	4,545	2,540
15 to 29 minutes	9,450	4,630
30 to 44 minutes	9,760	4,365
45 to 59 minutes	4,025	2,000
60 minutes and over	3,495	1,850
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	31,275	15,395
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	915	290
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,310	1,380
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	6,270	3,120
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,560	4,410
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	7,915	4,060
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,300	2,140
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	16,420	7,965
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,330	675
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,085	7,290
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	11,550	5,565
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,030	525
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	710	370
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	320	155
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10,520	5,040

Symbol legend

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 16, 2025).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2024-08-02

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