Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry, United counties (UC)More information: Ontario [Census division]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	114,637	...	...
Population, 2016¹	113,448^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	1.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	50,802	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	48,692	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	34.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	3,308.85	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	114,635	56,500	58,140
0 to 14 years	18,035	9,285	8,750
0 to 4 years	5,565	2,855	2,705
5 to 9 years	6,190	3,210	2,980
10 to 14 years	6,275	3,215	3,060
15 to 64 years	68,775	34,270	34,505
15 to 19 years	5,745	2,950	2,795
20 to 24 years	5,320	2,785	2,535
25 to 29 years	6,380	3,290	3,090
30 to 34 years	6,525	3,215	3,305
35 to 39 years	6,180	3,035	3,140
40 to 44 years	5,985	2,965	3,020
45 to 49 years	6,300	3,065	3,235
50 to 54 years	7,115	3,475	3,640
55 to 59 years	9,485	4,680	4,805
60 to 64 years	9,745	4,815	4,935
65 years and over	27,825	12,945	14,880
65 to 69 years	8,440	4,100	4,340
70 to 74 years	7,470	3,650	3,820
75 to 79 years	5,045	2,400	2,640
80 to 84 years	3,480	1,575	1,910
85 years and over	3,390	1,215	2,170
85 to 89 years	2,065	820	1,245
90 to 94 years	970	315	650
95 to 99 years	310	75	235
100 years and over	45	10	35
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.7	16.4	15.0
15 to 64 years	60.0	60.7	59.3
65 years and over	24.3	22.9	25.6
85 years and over	3.0	2.2	3.7
Average age of the population	44.9	44.0	45.9
Median age of the population	47.6	46.4	48.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	48,695	...	...
Single-detached house	34,030	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,045	...	...
Row house	1,665	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,155	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,035	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,190	...	...
Other single-attached house	185	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	385	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	48,690	...	...
1 person	14,340	...	...
2 persons	19,175	...	...
3 persons	6,450	...	...
4 persons	5,320	...	...
5 or more persons	3,410	...	...
Number of persons in private households	112,235	55,575	56,665
Average household size	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	96,605	47,215	49,385
Married or living common-law	56,950	28,485	28,460
Married	44,685	22,365	22,320
Living common-law	12,265	6,120	6,140
Living common law - Never married	8,080	4,055	4,030
Living common law - Separated	860	440	425
Living common law - Divorced	2,870	1,455	1,410
Living common law - Widowed	455	175	280
Not married and not living common-law	39,655	18,735	20,920
Not married and not living common law - Never married	23,135	12,860	10,275
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,110	1,435	1,680
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,280	2,750	3,530
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	7,125	1,690	5,435
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	33,435	...	...
2 persons	19,670	...	...
3 persons	6,120	...	...
4 persons	5,000	...	...
5 or more persons	2,640	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	33,435	...	...
Total couple families	27,920	...	...
Married couples	21,795	...	...
With children⁶	9,040	...	...
Without children	12,750	...	...
Common-law couples	6,125	...	...
With children⁶	2,580	...	...
Without children	3,545	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,510	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,105	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,405	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	112,235	55,575	56,660
Total - Persons in census families	92,070	45,780	46,285
Married spouses or common-law partners	55,850	27,885	27,965
Parents in one-parent families	5,515	1,405	4,110
Children⁶	30,710	16,495	14,215
In a two-parent family	22,125	11,735	10,385
In a one-parent family	8,585	4,755	3,830
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	20,165	9,790	10,380
Living alone	14,340	6,755	7,585
Living with other relatives⁷	2,405	1,040	1,360
Living with non-relatives only	3,420	1,985	1,430
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	48,690	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	30,175	...	...
Couple-family households	25,835	...	...
With children⁶	10,685	...	...
Without children	15,150	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,335	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,110	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	170	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,260	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,635	...	...
One-person households	14,340	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	94,205	46,295	47,910
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	91,320	44,790	46,530
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	44,000	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	91,390	44,825	46,565
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	39,200	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,520	39,560	38,965
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	40,000	27,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	61,415	32,370	29,045
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	40,800	30,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	83,565	40,520	43,050
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,300	9,400	12,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,860	4,400	4,465
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,640	5,800	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,070	10,065	11,010
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	94,205	46,295	47,915
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	91,365	44,865	46,500
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,960	52,300	41,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	91,420	44,890	46,530
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,520	44,320	36,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,725	39,810	38,920
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,920	48,200	35,480
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	61,415	32,435	28,985
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,120	46,640	37,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,620	40,555	43,060
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,840	10,520	13,080
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,810	4,340	4,470
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,870	6,570	7,150
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,765	9,775	10,985
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,540	8,080	8,950
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	94,205	46,295	47,910
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	30,225	17,315	12,910
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,000	58,800	52,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,600	65,900	58,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,410	10,350	12,060
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,400	21,000	16,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,440	28,680	22,660
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	77.0	81.8	71.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	60.3	64.4	55.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.1	18.2	29.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.2	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.0	3.9	6.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1	3.4	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	94,205	46,290	47,915
Without total income	2,885	1,505	1,385
With total income	91,325	44,795	46,530
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,320	2,690	3,630
$10,000 to $19,999	12,355	4,980	7,370
$20,000 to $29,999	15,555	6,850	8,710
$30,000 to $39,999	12,520	5,685	6,835
$40,000 to $49,999	11,395	5,540	5,850
$50,000 to $59,999	9,210	4,630	4,585
$60,000 to $69,999	7,050	4,005	3,045
$70,000 to $79,999	4,825	2,855	1,970
$80,000 to $89,999	3,430	2,085	1,340
$90,000 to $99,999	2,555	1,515	1,035
$100,000 and over	6,100	3,945	2,150
$100,000 to $149,999	4,655	2,915	1,740
$150,000 and over	1,445	1,030	410
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	94,205	46,290	47,915
Without after-tax income	2,820	1,470	1,350
With after-tax income	91,385	44,820	46,565
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,735	2,815	3,920
$10,000 to $19,999	12,795	5,200	7,595
$20,000 to $29,999	17,550	7,795	9,760
$30,000 to $39,999	14,960	7,085	7,875
$40,000 to $49,999	13,095	6,545	6,545
$50,000 to $59,999	9,485	5,255	4,230
$60,000 to $69,999	6,100	3,515	2,585
$70,000 to $79,999	3,900	2,365	1,535
$80,000 to $89,999	2,790	1,540	1,250
$90,000 to $99,999	1,460	950	510
$100,000 and over	2,510	1,760	755
$100,000 to $124,999	1,455	1,020	440
$125,000 and over	1,055	735	315
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	94,205	46,290	47,915
Without employment income	32,790	13,925	18,865
With employment income	61,420	32,370	29,050
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,280	4,780	4,495
$5,000 to $9,999	4,695	2,025	2,670
$10,000 to $19,999	7,140	3,190	3,950
$20,000 to $29,999	6,105	2,845	3,265
$30,000 to $39,999	6,430	3,130	3,300
$40,000 to $49,999	6,600	3,420	3,180
$50,000 to $59,999	5,470	3,095	2,375
$60,000 to $69,999	4,130	2,515	1,620
$70,000 to $79,999	2,985	1,885	1,100
$80,000 to $89,999	2,280	1,420	855
$90,000 to $99,999	2,055	1,155	900
$100,000 and over	4,250	2,905	1,340
$100,000 to $124,999	2,490	1,600	895
$125,000 and over	1,755	1,310	445
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	94,205	46,295	47,910
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	89,920	44,055	45,860
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	42,400	32,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	89,955	44,065	45,890
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	38,000	30,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	77,775	39,125	38,650
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	41,200	28,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	61,840	32,515	29,325
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	41,200	31,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	80,240	38,735	41,505
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,350	4,080	8,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	7,895	3,830	4,060
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,840	5,080
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	94,205	46,295	47,915
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	90,065	44,190	45,875
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,800	50,560	39,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	90,090	44,190	45,895
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,520	42,800	34,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	78,070	39,470	38,595
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,240	48,640	35,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	61,925	32,655	29,260
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,200	46,760	37,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	80,265	38,685	41,580
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,200	8,130	10,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,065	3,850	4,215
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,020	6,730	7,290
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	94,205	46,295	47,910
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	30,085	17,230	12,860
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,000	55,600	48,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	58,900	62,450	54,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,110	9,745	11,365
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,400	28,200	21,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,960	35,760	26,840
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	81.6	86.0	76.4
Employment income (%)	64.8	68.4	60.3
Government transfers (%)	18.3	14.1	23.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.2	1.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	48,690	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	14,340	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	34,350	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	48,695	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	88,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	14,350	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,080	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,240	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	34,340	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	48,690	...	...
Under $5,000	350	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	210	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	645	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,300	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,545	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,045	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,825	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,220	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,130	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,075	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,070	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,660	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,535	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,250	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,780	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,060	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,745	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,795	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,975	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,540	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	48,690	...	...
Under $5,000	390	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	215	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	655	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,340	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,665	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,310	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,195	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,430	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,520	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,390	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,645	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,275	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,010	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,505	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,030	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,115	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,355	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,160	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,600	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	33,210	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	15,320	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	11,795	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,115	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	17,765	8,750	9,015
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,400	36,800	32,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,000	33,600	30,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	33,175	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,325	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,775	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,140	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	17,765	8,650	9,110
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,640	46,040	41,400
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,120	39,560	36,760
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	112,235	55,570	56,665
0 to 17 years	21,535	11,045	10,485
0 to 5 years	6,835	3,510	3,330
18 to 64 years	64,835	32,240	32,600
65 years and over	25,865	12,285	13,580
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	14,610	6,775	7,835
0 to 17 years	3,185	1,660	1,530
0 to 5 years	1,100	580	525
18 to 64 years	7,330	3,510	3,820
65 years and over	4,090	1,605	2,485
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.0	12.2	13.8
0 to 17 years (%)	14.8	15.0	14.6
0 to 5 years (%)	16.1	16.5	15.8
18 to 64 years (%)	11.3	10.9	11.7
65 years and over (%)	15.8	13.1	18.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	112,235	55,575	56,660
0 to 17 years	21,530	11,050	10,485
0 to 5 years	6,835	3,505	3,330
18 to 64 years	64,835	32,240	32,595
65 years and over	25,870	12,285	13,580
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,010	2,115	1,890
0 to 17 years	680	360	325
0 to 5 years	235	130	105
18 to 64 years	2,960	1,600	1,365
65 years and over	365	155	210
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.6	3.8	3.3
0 to 17 years (%)	3.2	3.2	3.1
0 to 5 years (%)	3.4	3.8	3.1
18 to 64 years (%)	4.6	5.0	4.2
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.3	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	112,235	55,570	56,665
In bottom half of the distribution	63,495	30,785	32,705
In bottom decile	11,965	5,710	6,260
In second decile	14,335	6,640	7,695
In third decile	12,795	6,255	6,535
In fourth decile	12,175	6,070	6,100
In fifth decile	12,220	6,105	6,120
In top half of the distribution	48,745	24,790	23,955
In sixth decile	11,515	5,765	5,750
In seventh decile	11,135	5,635	5,500
In eighth decile	10,365	5,285	5,075
In ninth decile	9,255	4,780	4,475
In top decile	6,480	3,320	3,155
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	112,235	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.308	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.452	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.272	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	113,170	55,895	57,275
English only	69,850	35,575	34,275
French only	1,190	520	675
English and French	41,840	19,680	22,160
Neither English nor French	300	125	170
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	113,170	55,895	57,275
English	90,900	45,210	45,690
French	21,035	10,085	10,955
English and French	970	490	480
Neither English nor French	265	105	155
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	113,170	55,895	57,275
Single responses	109,040	53,900	55,145
Official languages	103,050	50,880	52,170
English	82,000	40,780	41,215
French	21,050	10,105	10,950
Non-official languages	5,995	3,020	2,975
Indigenous languages³⁹	80	40	40
Algonquian languages	5	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	10	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	15	10	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	55	25	30
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	55	25	30
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,910	2,975	2,935
Afro-Asiatic languages	345	195	150
Berber languages	5	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	5	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	340	190	150
Amharic	10	0	10
Arabic	315	175	135
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	5	5	0
Tigrigna	5	5	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	70	35	35
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	65	35	30
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	205	65	140
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	5	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	5	0
Ilocano	5	0	5
Indonesian	5	0	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	175	55	115
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5
Creole languages	50	20	30
Haitian Creole	30	10	20
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	5	5	5
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	500	265	230
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	65	50	15
Tamil	415	205	210
Telugu	15	10	5
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	4,225	2,170	2,055
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	10	5	5
Balto-Slavic languages	400	180	220
Baltic languages	15	5	10
Latvian	5	5	0
Lithuanian	5	0	5
Slavic languages	380	175	210
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	25	10	10
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	125	55	75
Russian	100	50	55
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	50	25	25
Bosnian	10	5	5
Croatian	20	5	10
Serbian	25	10	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	15	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5
Ukrainian	60	20	40
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	5	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	5	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,380	700	680
Frisian	20	10	10
High German languages	715	360	360
German	540	265	275
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	175	95	85
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	600	315	280
Afrikaans	5	5	5
Dutch	565	295	275
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	5	5	0
Plautdietsch	0	5	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	5
Scandinavian languages	45	15	30
Danish	25	10	20
Icelandic	5	0	5
Norwegian	5	0	5
Swedish	10	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Greek	115	70	45
Indo-Iranian languages	1,550	825	720
Indo-Aryan languages	1,375	745	635
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	85	50	40
Gujarati	160	100	60
Hindi	70	40	30
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	5
Nepali	10	0	5
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	280	160	120
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	5
Urdu	755	385	370
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	170	85	90
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	85	40	45
Persian languages	85	45	45
Dari	40	20	25
Iranian Persian	35	20	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	765	385	380
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	245	145	105
Portuguese	105	45	65
Romanian	50	20	25
Spanish	365	180	185
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	20	5	15
Korean	50	20	30
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	105	50	55
Akan (Twi)	15	5	5
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	5	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	5	0	5
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	5	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	20	10	10
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	25	15	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	20	10	10
American Sign Language	15	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	165	65	105
Chinese languages	160	60	95
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	70	25	45
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	70	35	35
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	15	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	20	10	5
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	135	65	70
Estonian	10	5	5
Finnish	20	10	10
Hungarian	100	45	55
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	4,125	1,995	2,135
English and French	3,205	1,530	1,680
English and non-official language(s)	665	345	320
French and non-official language(s)	80	35	45
English, French and non-official language(s)	120	60	60
Multiple non-official languages	55	30	30
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	113,170	55,895	57,275
English	89,740	44,720	45,020
French	8,380	4,015	4,360
Non-official language	1,420	725	700
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	5
Non-Indigenous	1,410	715	695
English and French	9,590	4,415	5,175
English and non-official language(s)	3,175	1,595	1,575
French and non-official language(s)	125	50	70
English, French and non-official language(s)	630	305	320
Multiple non-official languages	110	60	50
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	113,170	55,895	57,275
Single responses	110,135	54,455	55,680
Official languages	107,470	53,085	54,375
English	96,770	48,005	48,765
French	10,695	5,085	5,615
Non-official languages	2,670	1,370	1,300
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	10
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	10	5	5
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	5	5
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,660	1,365	1,295
Afro-Asiatic languages	205	115	90
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	200	110	90
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	190	110	85
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	20	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	40	20	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	55	30	25
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50	25	25
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	15	10	5
Haitian Creole	10	5	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	5	5	5
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	345	185	160
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	35	30	5
Tamil	310	155	150
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,775	895	875
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	100	45	50
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	95	45	50
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	15	5	10
Russian	50	25	25
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	10
Bosnian	5	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	10	0	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	5	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	0	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	200	100	100
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	145	75	75
German	80	40	40
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	70	35	35
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	50	25	25
Afrikaans	5	5	5
Dutch	35	15	25
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	45	25	15
Indo-Iranian languages	1,160	600	560
Indo-Aryan languages	1,045	550	495
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	65	35	30
Gujarati	100	60	45
Hindi	55	30	25
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	5	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	220	125	95
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	595	295	295
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	120	55	65
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	55	25	35
Persian languages	65	30	30
Dari	35	15	20
Iranian Persian	20	10	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	265	120	140
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	35	15	25
Portuguese	25	10	15
Romanian	15	10	10
Spanish	180	90	95
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	5
Korean	25	10	15
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	30	10	15
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	15	5	10
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	40	30	10
American Sign Language	25	15	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	10	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	90	40	50
Chinese languages	90	45	45
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	40	20	20
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	25	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	5	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	20	15	10
Estonian	5	5	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	20	10	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	3,035	1,440	1,600
English and French	2,145	985	1,155
English and non-official language(s)	755	385	365
French and non-official language(s)	55	20	30
English, French and non-official language(s)	80	40	35
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	113,170	55,895	57,280
None	102,330	50,775	51,555
English	3,115	1,475	1,640
French	5,375	2,475	2,905
Non-official language	1,625	795	825
Indigenous³⁹	65	30	30
Non-Indigenous	1,560	765	800
English and French	70	45	30
English and non-official language(s)	190	100	90
French and non-official language(s)	290	135	150
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10
Multiple non-official languages	155	85	65
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	112,235	55,575	56,665
Official languages	112,015	55,480	56,535
English	110,800	54,860	55,940
French	42,770	20,170	22,600
Non-official languages	9,025	4,520	4,505
Indigenous languages³⁹	215	105	105
Algonquian languages	15	0	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	0	10
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	15	0	10
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	15	0	10
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	10	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	15	10	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	160	75	85
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	160	75	85
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,830	4,420	4,410
Afro-Asiatic languages	485	280	205
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	10	0	10
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	460	270	195
Amharic	10	0	10
Arabic	430	260	175
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	0	10
Maltese	10	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	70	30	35
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	0	10
Vietnamese	50	30	25
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	350	100	250
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	15	0	15
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	15	10	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	310	85	225
Waray-Waray	15	0	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	45	15	30
Creole languages	100	50	50
Haitian Creole	70	40	30
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	15	0	10
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	780	400	380
Kannada	15	0	15
Malayalam	110	70	40
Tamil	660	330	330
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	6,250	3,130	3,120
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	15	15	0
Balto-Slavic languages	550	260	290
Baltic languages	30	0	30
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	20	0	20
Slavic languages	525	260	265
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	60	30	25
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	210	80	135
Russian	130	75	60
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	45	20	20
Bosnian	10	0	0
Croatian	30	10	20
Serbian	25	15	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	30	15	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	15	10
Ukrainian	75	30	45
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	45	20	25
Irish	15	0	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	15	10	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,860	930	935
Frisian	30	15	15
High German languages	1,145	570	580
German	1,020	495	525
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	170	75	90
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	690	375	320
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	675	365	320
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	80	30	50
Danish	30	15	15
Icelandic	10	0	10
Norwegian	20	10	10
Swedish	30	10	20
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	155	90	70
Indo-Iranian languages	1,895	990	905
Indo-Aryan languages	1,700	895	810
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	80	55	30
Gujarati	180	105	75
Hindi	365	185	180
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	535	295	235
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	20	20
Urdu	1,070	550	520
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	225	110	110
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	65	30	35
Persian languages	165	90	80
Dari	120	55	65
Iranian Persian	50	30	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,925	935	990
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	445	225	220
Portuguese	165	75	85
Romanian	60	40	20
Spanish	1,380	640	740
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	85	55	35
Korean	70	35	40
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	275	150	130
Akan (Twi)	30	25	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	55	25	35
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	15	10	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	15	15	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	10	10
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	30	15	15
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	105	50	55
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	175	70	100
American Sign Language	150	60	95
Quebec Sign Language	15	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	255	140	110
Chinese languages	205	115	85
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	140	80	60
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	100	60	40
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	10	10
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	10	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	10	10	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	30	15	15
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	25	0	15
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	180	115	65
Estonian	15	10	10
Finnish	30	20	10
Hungarian	130	80	55
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	112,235	55,570	56,660
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	4,940	2,375	2,560
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	4,700	2,265	2,435
First Nations (North American Indian)	3,095	1,485	1,605
Métis	1,500	740	760
Inuk (Inuit)	110	45	70
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	75	35	40
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	160	75	85
Non-Indigenous identity	107,300	53,200	54,100
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	112,235	55,570	56,660
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,830	880	945
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	110,410	54,695	55,715
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	48,690	...	...
Owner	34,300	...	...
Renter	14,395	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	48,690	...	...
Condominium	1,105	...	...
Not condominium	47,585	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	48,690	...	...
No bedrooms	140	...	...
1 bedroom	4,575	...	...
2 bedrooms	12,905	...	...
3 bedrooms	20,305	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,775	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	48,690	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10,325	...	...
5 rooms	8,305	...	...
6 rooms	8,465	...	...
7 rooms	7,220	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,375	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	48,690	...	...
One person or fewer per room	48,225	...	...
More than one person per room	470	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	48,690	...	...
Suitable	47,095	...	...
Not suitable	1,600	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	48,690	...	...
1960 or before	17,075	...	...
1961 to 1980	13,475	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,570	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,680	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,760	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,615	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,795	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,720	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	48,690	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	44,850	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,840	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	48,690	...	...
One-maintainer household	25,280	...	...
Two-maintainer household	22,060	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,360	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	48,690	...	...
15 to 24 years	940	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,895	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,380	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,710	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,955	...	...
65 to 74 years	9,750	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,320	...	...
85 years and over	1,750	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	47,420	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	39,270	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,150	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,645	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	48,690	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	12,350	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,130	...	...
Not suitable only	1,230	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,795	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	150	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	825	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	175	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	45	...	...
Acceptable housing	36,340	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	46,910	...	...
In core need	3,550	...	...
Not in core need	43,355	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	33,285	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	55.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	960	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,110	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	356,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	14,305	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	16.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	18.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	890	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	944	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	112,240	55,575	56,665
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,180	1,105	1,070
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,135	1,075	1,060
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,740	870	875
Métis single ancestry	345	190	155
Inuit single ancestry	50	20	30
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	40	25	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	40	25	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	5,905	2,800	3,105
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	5,840	2,755	3,085
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,635	2,215	2,425
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,150	515	635
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	25	25
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	65	40	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	30	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	10
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	104,155	51,670	52,485
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	112,235	55,575	56,665
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	109,725	54,330	55,390
Canadian citizens aged under 18	21,295	10,875	10,420
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	88,425	43,455	44,970
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,515	1,240	1,270
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	112,235	55,575	56,665
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	103,830	51,400	52,435
Immigrants⁸¹	7,770	3,780	3,990
Before 1980	3,055	1,500	1,555
1980 to 1990	925	450	470
1991 to 2000	1,020	515	510
2001 to 2010	1,220	570	645
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,550	745	805
2011 to 2015	665	320	345
2016 to 2021	885	420	465
Non-permanent residents⁸³	635	390	240
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	7,770	3,780	3,990
Under 5 years	980	520	465
5 to 14 years	1,600	795	810
15 to 24 years	1,690	805	885
25 to 44 years	3,075	1,475	1,605
45 years and over	415	185	235
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	7,770	3,780	3,990
Americas	1,285	555	730
Brazil	30	15	20
Colombia	20	10	10
El Salvador	30	10	20
Guyana	75	35	45
Haiti	65	30	35
Jamaica	35	20	15
Mexico	50	20	30
Peru	15	0	15
Trinidad and Tobago	40	15	20
United States of America	715	285	430
Other places of birth in Americas	210	115	95
Europe	3,685	1,880	1,800
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	15	0	10
France	130	45	85
Germany	415	215	200
Greece	55	35	25
Hungary	90	50	40
Italy	155	95	60
Netherlands	545	315	230
Poland	110	45	65
Portugal	50	20	30
Romania	55	40	20
Russian Federation	30	10	20
Serbia⁸⁶	25	15	10
Ukraine	25	15	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,380	670	715
Other places of birth in Europe	605	310	295
Africa	565	275	290
Algeria	45	30	15
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	20	0
Egypt	45	15	30
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10	0	10
Morocco	50	25	20
Nigeria	85	35	50
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	30	15	15
Other places of birth in Africa	280	125	150
Asia	2,195	1,045	1,155
Afghanistan	45	25	20
Iran⁸⁸	40	30	10
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	30	25	0
Syria⁸⁹	55	25	30
Turkey	20	10	10
China⁹⁰	125	60	60
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	10	10
Korea, South⁹²	45	15	30
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	260	65	200
Viet Nam	45	30	15
Bangladesh	20	0	10
India	300	155	145
Pakistan	675	325	345
Sri Lanka	365	185	180
Other places of birth in Asia	155	65	85
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	40	30	10
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	880	420	465
Americas	150	55	95
Brazil	10	0	10
Colombia	10	10	0
Haiti	10	0	10
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	75	35	40
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	10	20
Other places of birth in Americas	20	0	20
Europe	115	60	55
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	75	30	45
Other places of birth in Europe	30	25	0
Africa	145	80	65
Algeria	20	10	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	10	0	0
Nigeria	25	10	10
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	30	15	10
Other places of birth in Africa	15	0	15
Asia	470	220	250
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	10	0	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	70	30	40
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	190	100	90
Philippines	85	35	55
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	30	10	20
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	10	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	10	10	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	112,235	55,570	56,665
First generation¹⁰⁰	9,220	4,565	4,655
Second generation¹⁰¹	11,370	5,710	5,660
Third generation or more¹⁰²	91,645	45,300	46,345
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	4,710	2,280	2,435
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,065	1,075	1,000
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	865	570	295
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,205	500	700
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,760	710	1,050
Refugees¹⁰⁸	740	430	310
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	140	70	80
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	4,710	2,280	2,435
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	460	300	160
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	510	245	270
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	140	85	55
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	175	105	65
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	60	10	40
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,380	1,535	1,845
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	112,235	55,570	56,660
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	6,185	3,160	3,030
South Asian	2,645	1,415	1,235
Chinese	305	165	140
Black	1,210	625	585
Filipino	430	145	285
Arab	375	240	140
Latin American	375	160	215
Southeast Asian	265	125	135
West Asian	170	80	90
Korean	95	40	50
Japanese	50	25	30
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	100	65	35
Multiple visible minorities	170	70	95
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	106,050	52,415	53,635
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	112,235	55,575	56,665
Canadian	26,430	12,995	13,440
English	18,775	8,945	9,835
Irish	22,645	10,725	11,925
Scottish	23,675	11,385	12,295
French, n.o.s.¹²²	26,150	12,855	13,295
German	8,655	4,100	4,555
Chinese	355	155	200
Italian	2,795	1,370	1,425
Indian (India)	970	535	435
Ukrainian	1,120	585	530
Dutch	6,445	3,325	3,120
Polish	1,665	750	910
Québécois	560	310	245
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,395	1,615	1,780
Filipino	455	145	315
French Canadian	6,220	2,950	3,275
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	5,020	2,460	2,560
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,640	1,275	1,365
Métis	1,585	765	815
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,620	820	795
Russian	480	215	265
Norwegian	525	255	275
Welsh	1,685	780	905
Portuguese	360	160	195
American	1,140	585	555
Spanish	505	260	240
Swedish	455	190	265
Hungarian	665	315	350
Acadian	475	240	240
Pakistani	725	360	365
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	310	160	150
Jewish	255	130	125
Punjabi	80	55	30
Vietnamese	105	60	50
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	130	75	60
Greek	465	290	180
Jamaican	220	130	90
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	185	90	100
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	225	100	125
Korean	95	45	45
Romanian	255	105	140
Lebanese	185	100	85
Iranian	85	50	35
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	695	350	350
Danish	340	175	165
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,260	630	625
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	385	165	220
Belgian	320	165	155
Haitian	125	70	55
Hindu	100	55	45
Mexican	145	60	85
Mennonite	50	20	25
Swiss	740	390	355
Finnish	195	115	80
Sri Lankan	395	200	195
Croatian	135	70	65
Japanese	50	35	20
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	115	50	65
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	295	135	165
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	295	130	170
Muslim	270	140	130
Egyptian	85	50	30
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	35	20	15
Tamil	335	160	170
Icelandic	60	40	25
Colombian	45	20	25
Moroccan	70	40	30
Czech	115	60	60
Syrian	85	40	45
Guyanese	75	35	40
Afghan	110	55	60
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	130	55	70
Serbian	30	20	10
Ojibway	155	60	95
Newfoundlander	115	50	65
Hong Konger	20	0	15
Ontarian	1,375	735	640
Persian	10	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	55	35	25
Turkish	45	15	25
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	115	55	60
Bangladeshi	55	30	15
Algerian	60	25	35
Brazilian	75	20	50
Nigerian	95	35	60
Armenian	25	15	10
Slovak	105	50	60
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	165	70	85
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	15	0	10
African Caribbean	20	10	10
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	75	45	40
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	60	35	25
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	75	20	55
Algonquin	325	165	160
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	20	10	10
Lithuanian	130	40	95
South African	45	25	20
Australian	45	20	30
Palestinian	45	15	35
Chilean	20	20	0
Congolese	35	25	10
Nova Scotian	100	50	50
Ethiopian	15	0	10
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	15	15	0
Peruvian	55	25	25
Yoruba	100	40	55
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	0	10
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	10	10	0
Maltese	25	15	10
Macedonian	15	0	10
Slovenian	75	35	40
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	95	40	55
New Brunswicker	75	40	40
Gujarati	30	20	10
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	40	15	25
Israeli	10	10	0
Mohawk	1,070	555	515
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	55	20	30
Bulgarian	10	0	0
Albertan	10	0	0
Ghanaian	15	15	0
Barbadian	45	30	10
African American	150	65	80
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	25	0	20
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	20	15	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	35	20	15
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	30	15	20
Bengali	20	10	10
Cameroonian	10	0	0
Guatemalan	15	10	10
Indonesian	15	10	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	20	0	15
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	145	65	80
British Columbian	15	10	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	770	360	410
Argentinian	10	0	10
Estonian	70	40	25
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	160	85	75
Coptic	25	10	15
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	40	30	15
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	85	55	35
Abenaki	75	35	40
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	135	45	90
New Zealander	15	15	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	25	15	10
Pennsylvania Dutch	25	20	10
Malaysian	10	10	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	40	25	15
Huron (Wendat)	25	10	15
Saskatchewanian	10	10	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	35	25	10
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	60	20	40
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	30	20	10
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	20	10	10
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	90	45	45
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	30	15	10
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	55	10	45
United Empire Loyalist	125	60	60
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	30	0	30
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	55	25	30
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	15	10	10
Ugandan	15	0	10
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	10	10	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	30	30	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	10	0	10
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	10	0	10
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	40	10	25
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	112,235	55,570	56,660
Buddhist	115	45	70
Christian	77,310	37,060	40,245
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,200	2,090	2,110
Anabaptist	115	55	55
Anglican	4,245	1,960	2,290
Baptist	1,020	475	550
Catholic	50,720	24,580	26,145
Christian Orthodox	390	225	170
Jehovah's Witness	380	170	205
Latter Day Saints	110	35	75
Lutheran	840	385	455
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	370	195	175
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	885	390	495
Presbyterian	3,210	1,425	1,785
Reformed	550	250	295
United Church	7,205	3,335	3,880
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,075	1,505	1,570
Hindu	900	475	425
Jewish	185	80	110
Muslim	1,990	1,065	915
Sikh	165	100	65
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	110	50	55
Other religions and spiritual traditions	530	205	325
No religion and secular perspectives	30,935	16,485	14,445
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	111,200	55,005	56,195
Non-movers	100,420	49,655	50,765
Movers	10,785	5,355	5,430
Non-migrants	5,185	2,550	2,635
Migrants	5,595	2,800	2,800
Internal migrants	5,320	2,655	2,665
Intraprovincial migrants	4,515	2,245	2,265
Interprovincial migrants	805	410	395
External migrants	275	145	135
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	106,670	52,560	54,115
Non-movers	68,570	33,995	34,575
Movers	38,100	18,560	19,540
Non-migrants	15,305	7,165	8,140
Migrants	22,795	11,395	11,400
Internal migrants	21,315	10,625	10,685
Intraprovincial migrants	17,725	8,750	8,975
Interprovincial migrants	3,590	1,880	1,710
External migrants	1,485	770	715
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	94,205	46,295	47,910
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	19,980	11,040	8,940
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	74,225	35,250	38,975
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	57,300	28,205	29,100
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,250	5,055	3,200
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	49,050	23,150	25,900
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	94,210	46,295	47,915
No certificate, diploma or degree	17,865	9,635	8,235
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	30,985	15,380	15,600
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	45,355	21,280	24,080
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	33,305	16,285	17,020
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,300	5,430	1,870
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,650	2,375	1,275
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,650	3,060	595
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	24,510	10,185	14,320
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,495	665	830
Bachelor's degree or higher	12,050	4,995	7,060
Bachelor's degree	8,710	3,470	5,240
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	805	310	495
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	320	200	125
Master's degree	2,000	870	1,125
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	220	145	75
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	57,300	28,200	29,095
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,165	4,360	2,805
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,945	9,370	8,580
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	32,190	14,475	17,720
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,695	11,290	12,405
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,750	3,500	1,250
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,295	1,450	845
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,450	2,050	405
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	18,100	7,390	10,705
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	850	400	445
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,490	3,180	5,315
Bachelor's degree	6,100	2,230	3,875
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	535	175	360
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	210	105	100
Master's degree	1,515	585	930
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	135	85	50
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	94,205	46,295	47,915
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	48,850	25,015	23,835
Education	2,860	665	2,190
13. Education	2,860	665	2,190
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,255	600	655
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	250	180	75
50. Visual and performing arts	1,005	420	585
Humanities	1,970	780	1,185
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	170	35	135
23. English language and literature/letters	485	155	335
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	545	220	325
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	60	10	50
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	45	40
39. Theology and religious vocations	235	140	95
54. History	270	140	130
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	115	35	75
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,685	1,190	3,495
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	10	25
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	375	165	210
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,220	55	1,165
22. Legal professions and studies	665	170	490
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	205	25	180
42. Psychology	900	180	720
45. Social sciences	1,270	575	695
Business, management and public administration	8,110	2,775	5,340
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,200	195	1,000
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,910	2,575	4,340
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,170	600	570
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	510	210	300
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	240	140	100
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	0	25
40. Physical sciences	270	190	80
41. Science technologies/technicians	125	65	65
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,250	825	425
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,020	720	305
25. Library science	110	25	90
27. Mathematics and statistics	100	65	35
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	15	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,885	9,280	605
04. Architecture and related services	185	120	60
14. Engineering	845	730	110
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,365	2,120	240
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,445	2,365	80
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,820	2,750	70
48. Precision production	1,235	1,200	40
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,850	1,110	740
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,515	905	610
03. Natural resources and conservation	335	205	135
Health and related fields	8,240	1,315	6,925
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	485	225	255
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,665	1,025	6,645
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	90	70	20
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,080	2,125	1,955
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,910	415	1,495
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	40	25	15
43. Security and protective services	1,285	890	385
49. Transportation and materials moving	835	785	55
Other¹⁷⁹	10	10	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	57,300	28,200	29,095
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	25,105	13,730	11,380
Education	1,670	290	1,385
13. Education	1,670	290	1,385
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	915	405	515
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	145	105	45
50. Visual and performing arts	770	305	465
Humanities	1,235	470	765
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	120	30	90
23. English language and literature/letters	305	85	220
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	315	125	190
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	0	25
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	35	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	155	80	75
54. History	195	100	95
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	50	10	45
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,600	805	2,800
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	0	20
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	310	125	185
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	985	35	955
22. Legal professions and studies	535	105	430
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	175	15	160
42. Psychology	690	140	550
45. Social sciences	880	380	505
Business, management and public administration	5,815	1,855	3,960
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	955	150	805
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,860	1,705	3,160
Physical and life sciences and technologies	820	370	450
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	405	155	250
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	170	100	80
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	0	20
40. Physical sciences	155	95	65
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	25	45
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	915	630	280
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	780	565	215
25. Library science	65	15	45
27. Mathematics and statistics	65	40	20
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,780	6,280	500
04. Architecture and related services	155	100	55
14. Engineering	570	465	105
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,560	1,345	215
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,725	1,675	50
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,940	1,895	50
48. Precision production	825	800	25
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,400	785	615
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,165	645	520
03. Natural resources and conservation	235	135	95
Health and related fields	5,880	965	4,920
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	360	165	195
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,480	780	4,700
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	35	20	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,155	1,620	1,535
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,445	290	1,155
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	35	15	15
43. Security and protective services	1,055	730	330
49. Transportation and materials moving	620	585	40
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	57,300	28,200	29,095
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	25,105	13,730	11,380
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	32,195	14,475	17,720
Location of study inside Canada	29,890	13,440	16,450
Same as province or territory of residence	25,920	11,600	14,320
Different than province or territory of residence	3,965	1,835	2,130
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,305	1,035	1,270
Americas	850	295	555
United States of America	675	225	450
Mexico	30	10	20
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	10	0	10
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	30	0	25
Colombia	15	10	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	70	35	35
Europe	545	330	210
Belgium	0	0	0
France	55	25	30
Germany	25	15	10
Netherlands	25	15	10
Switzerland	50	35	15
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	25	25	0
Russian Federation	30	10	20
Ukraine	10	0	10
Ireland⁹⁶	30	25	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	220	135	95
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	45	40	0
Africa	125	50	70
Nigeria	25	10	15
Algeria	20	0	10
Morocco	10	10	0
Tunisia	20	10	10
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	40	15	30
Asia	725	330	395
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	10
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	15	0	10
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	55	20	35
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	15	10	15
Korea, South⁹²	20	10	10
Philippines	125	30	95
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	10	0	10
Sri Lanka	35	10	25
India	230	140	90
Pakistan	170	80	85
Other locations of study in Asia	35	25	15
Oceania	70	25	40
Australia	65	20	40
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	94,210	46,295	47,915
In the labour force	54,320	28,660	25,660
Employed	49,190	26,280	22,905
Unemployed	5,130	2,380	2,750
Not in the labour force	39,885	17,630	22,255
Participation rate	57.7	61.9	53.6
Employment rate	52.2	56.8	47.8
Unemployment rate	9.4	8.3	10.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	94,205	46,295	47,915
Did not work¹⁸⁶	39,270	17,350	21,915
Worked	54,940	28,940	25,995
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	31,075	17,850	13,225
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	23,860	11,090	12,775
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.3	43.1	41.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	54,325	28,665	25,655
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,020	515	505
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	53,305	28,150	25,150
Employee	46,030	23,630	22,400
Permanent position	39,520	20,615	18,905
Temporary position	6,505	3,010	3,495
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,680	655	1,020
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,825	2,350	2,470
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,280	4,525	2,755
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	54,325	28,665	25,655
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,020	515	505
All occupations¹⁹¹	53,305	28,150	25,150
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	435	260	175
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,125	2,275	5,845
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,465	1,920	545
3 Health occupations	4,735	760	3,975
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,655	1,655	4,005
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	815	375	435
6 Sales and service occupations	12,395	5,205	7,190
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	12,080	10,930	1,150
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,800	2,070	725
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,795	2,685	1,110
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	54,325	28,665	25,655
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,020	515	505
All industries¹⁹¹	53,305	28,150	25,150
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,470	1,680	795
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	120	120	0
22 Utilities	400	340	65
23 Construction	5,045	4,490	550
31-33 Manufacturing	5,805	4,065	1,740
41 Wholesale trade	1,275	925	350
44-45 Retail trade	7,290	3,735	3,555
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,780	2,755	1,020
51 Information and cultural industries	770	370	405
52 Finance and insurance	1,105	360	745
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	520	325	190
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,145	1,020	1,130
55 Management of companies and enterprises	40	15	20
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,010	1,190	815
61 Educational services	3,355	955	2,400
62 Health care and social assistance	7,805	1,255	6,545
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	660	415	245
72 Accommodation and food services	2,620	945	1,675
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,410	1,355	1,050
91 Public administration	3,685	1,835	1,850
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	58,740	30,735	28,005
English	45,015	24,425	20,595
French	2,205	985	1,220
Non-official language	45	20	20
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	45	20	20
English and French	11,195	5,125	6,070
English and non-official language(s)	215	145	70
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	30	20
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	58,740	30,735	28,005
Single responses	56,810	29,850	26,960
Official languages	56,705	29,785	26,915
English	52,845	27,910	24,930
French	3,860	1,875	1,985
Non-official languages	105	65	40
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	100	65	35
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	85	50	35
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	35	20	10
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	35	20	10
German	10	10	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	20	15	10
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	20	0
Indo-Aryan languages	25	15	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	10	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	0	20
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	10	0	10
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,930	880	1,050
English and French	1,890	860	1,030
English and non-official language(s)	30	20	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	58,740	30,735	28,005
None	49,185	26,305	22,880
English	1,690	920	770
French	7,675	3,385	4,285
Non-official language	130	85	50
Indigenous³⁹	15	10	0
Non-Indigenous	115	70	45
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	20	15	0
French and non-official language(s)	30	20	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	15	15	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	49,190	26,280	22,905
Worked at home	8,315	3,640	4,675
Worked outside Canada	95	75	20
No fixed workplace address	6,410	5,005	1,405
Usual place of work	34,370	17,565	16,805
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	34,370	17,565	16,805
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	17,510	8,265	9,245
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	9,570	4,990	4,580
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	6,155	3,555	2,600
Commute to a different province or territory	1,140	755	380
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	40,780	22,565	18,215
Car, truck or van	37,335	20,880	16,455
Car, truck or van - as a driver	34,355	19,375	14,980
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,985	1,505	1,475
Public transit	565	280	285
Walked	1,845	810	1,035
Bicycle	255	215	45
Other method	775	380	395
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	40,780	22,565	18,215
Less than 15 minutes	16,690	8,190	8,500
15 to 29 minutes	12,270	6,760	5,515
30 to 44 minutes	5,535	3,270	2,260
45 to 59 minutes	3,015	1,940	1,075
60 minutes and over	3,270	2,405	865
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	40,780	22,565	18,215
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,520	3,250	1,270
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,370	6,225	3,145
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,235	5,355	4,880
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,135	2,290	3,845
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,925	1,080	1,845
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,605	4,375	3,235
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	21,955	11,270	10,685
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,015	4,620	4,395
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,940	6,650	6,290
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	15,935	8,185	7,745
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,525	3,345	3,185
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	4,270	2,135	2,135
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,255	1,205	1,050
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,410	4,850	4,560

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 13, 2025).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2024-08-02

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