Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	QuesnelMore information: British Columbia [Population centre]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	12,110	...	...
Population, 2016¹	12,196^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 0.7	...	...
Total private dwellings²	5,808	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	5,502	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	480.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	25.23	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	12,115	5,930	6,185
0 to 14 years	1,880	965	915
0 to 4 years	535	280	255
5 to 9 years	610	305	300
10 to 14 years	740	375	360
15 to 64 years	7,475	3,715	3,760
15 to 19 years	665	345	320
20 to 24 years	660	340	325
25 to 29 years	730	380	350
30 to 34 years	685	340	350
35 to 39 years	685	325	355
40 to 44 years	640	330	315
45 to 49 years	725	350	380
50 to 54 years	775	355	420
55 to 59 years	935	490	440
60 to 64 years	970	470	500
65 years and over	2,755	1,245	1,510
65 to 69 years	850	395	455
70 to 74 years	755	355	405
75 to 79 years	480	220	260
80 to 84 years	355	155	200
85 years and over	320	120	195
85 to 89 years	200	80	120
90 to 94 years	85	30	60
95 to 99 years	20	5	15
100 years and over	10	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.5	16.3	14.8
15 to 64 years	61.7	62.6	60.8
65 years and over	22.7	21.0	24.4
85 years and over	2.6	2.0	3.2
Average age of the population	44.0	43.0	45.1
Median age of the population	45.6	44.0	47.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	5,505	...	...
Single-detached house	3,400	...	...
Semi-detached house	160	...	...
Row house	265	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	185	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,045	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	25	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	420	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	5,500	...	...
1 person	1,950	...	...
2 persons	2,010	...	...
3 persons	725	...	...
4 persons	505	...	...
5 or more persons	315	...	...
Number of persons in private households	11,900	5,830	6,065
Average household size	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	10,230	4,960	5,265
Married or living common-law	5,400	2,695	2,705
Married	4,080	2,040	2,040
Living common-law	1,325	660	665
Living common law - Never married	935	460	470
Living common law - Separated	85	45	40
Living common law - Divorced	255	135	125
Living common law - Widowed	45	20	25
Not married and not living common-law	4,825	2,270	2,560
Not married and not living common law - Never married	2,765	1,535	1,235
Not married and not living common law - Separated	415	180	240
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	870	380	490
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	780	180	595
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	3,370	...	...
2 persons	2,000	...	...
3 persons	685	...	...
4 persons	465	...	...
5 or more persons	220	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	3,370	...	...
Total couple families	2,655	...	...
Married couples	1,995	...	...
With children⁶	815	...	...
Without children	1,180	...	...
Common-law couples	660	...	...
With children⁶	260	...	...
Without children	405	...	...
Total one-parent families	710	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	535	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	175	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	11,900	5,830	6,065
Total - Persons in census families	9,100	4,480	4,620
Married spouses or common-law partners	5,310	2,645	2,665
Parents in one-parent families	715	180	535
Children⁶	3,075	1,655	1,420
In a two-parent family	1,975	1,040	930
In a one-parent family	1,105	615	490
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,800	1,355	1,445
Living alone	1,950	905	1,040
Living with other relatives⁷	275	130	145
Living with non-relatives only	575	320	255
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	5,500	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	3,000	...	...
Couple-family households	2,430	...	...
With children⁶	970	...	...
Without children	1,460	...	...
One-parent-family households	575	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	90	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	30	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	175	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	260	...	...
One-person households	1,950	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	10,020	4,865	5,155
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,680	4,700	4,980
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	46,000	31,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,685	4,705	4,980
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	42,000	29,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,090	4,125	3,970
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,200	42,000	23,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,230	3,275	2,960
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	51,200	27,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,375	3,865	4,510
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,400	13,200	13,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,185	625	560
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,640	1,325	1,315
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	10,100	4,895	5,205
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,795	4,740	5,055
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,520	57,950	37,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,795	4,745	5,055
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,480	49,080	34,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,135	4,120	4,015
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,880	54,250	31,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,230	3,245	2,985
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,240	57,400	34,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,410	3,850	4,555
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,860	13,340	14,320
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,300	680	625
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,120	6,070	6,180
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,770	1,355	1,415
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,620	8,290	8,940
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	10,100	4,895	5,205
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	2,490	1,435	1,055
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	70,000	81,000	50,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,500	84,600	56,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	2,745	1,300	1,440
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,800	25,800	18,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,720	38,520	23,700
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	75.0	81.4	65.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	61.9	67.8	53.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	25.0	18.7	34.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.5	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.6	5.0	8.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.1	4.1	6.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	10,015	4,870	5,150
Without total income	340	165	170
With total income	9,680	4,700	4,980
Under $10,000 (including loss)	745	250	500
$10,000 to $19,999	1,300	495	810
$20,000 to $29,999	1,690	645	1,045
$30,000 to $39,999	1,435	645	790
$40,000 to $49,999	1,090	465	620
$50,000 to $59,999	750	355	390
$60,000 to $69,999	545	305	245
$70,000 to $79,999	515	325	190
$80,000 to $89,999	380	265	120
$90,000 to $99,999	310	220	95
$100,000 and over	915	735	180
$100,000 to $149,999	765	600	160
$150,000 and over	150	135	20
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	10,015	4,870	5,150
Without after-tax income	335	165	170
With after-tax income	9,685	4,700	4,980
Under $10,000 (including loss)	775	255	515
$10,000 to $19,999	1,330	510	825
$20,000 to $29,999	1,920	730	1,185
$30,000 to $39,999	1,635	760	875
$40,000 to $49,999	1,090	495	600
$50,000 to $59,999	785	410	370
$60,000 to $69,999	645	415	235
$70,000 to $79,999	485	345	140
$80,000 to $89,999	375	270	105
$90,000 to $99,999	280	220	60
$100,000 and over	365	300	65
$100,000 to $124,999	260	205	50
$125,000 and over	110	90	15
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	10,015	4,870	5,150
Without employment income	3,785	1,595	2,190
With employment income	6,235	3,275	2,960
Under $5,000 (including loss)	840	380	460
$5,000 to $9,999	480	190	295
$10,000 to $19,999	770	320	450
$20,000 to $29,999	650	255	390
$30,000 to $39,999	615	260	355
$40,000 to $49,999	475	210	260
$50,000 to $59,999	415	220	195
$60,000 to $69,999	355	205	145
$70,000 to $79,999	395	265	130
$80,000 to $89,999	295	205	90
$90,000 to $99,999	250	190	65
$100,000 and over	695	575	120
$100,000 to $124,999	435	350	90
$125,000 and over	260	230	30
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	10,020	4,865	5,155
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	9,480	4,605	4,875
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	47,200	27,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	9,505	4,605	4,900
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	42,000	25,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	8,110	4,125	3,985
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	45,600	24,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	6,670	3,485	3,190
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	51,200	25,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	7,025	3,050	3,975
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,500	11,600	10,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	975	495	480
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,600	6,280	4,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	10,100	4,895	5,205
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,570	4,630	4,940
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,880	59,400	35,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,610	4,630	4,980
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,720	48,920	31,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,195	4,140	4,065
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,040	57,950	31,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,740	3,490	3,250
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,000	58,700	32,320
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,120	3,065	4,055
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,170	11,480	10,940
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,050	515	535
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,040	8,280	7,800
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	10,100	4,895	5,205
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	2,480	1,420	1,060
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,500	81,000	46,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,100	87,300	51,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	2,645	1,250	1,395
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,600	39,200	22,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,320	46,100	27,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.2	87.2	74.4
Employment income (%)	69.0	74.6	60.4
Government transfers (%)	17.7	12.8	25.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.6	2.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	5,500	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,950	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	3,550	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	5,540	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	84,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	73,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,940	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,040	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	3,595	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	5,500	...	...
Under $5,000	30	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	30	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	50	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	165	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	335	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	235	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	275	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	290	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	270	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	250	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	470	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	400	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	355	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	330	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	245	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,755	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	605	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	450	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	460	...	...
$200,000 and over	240	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	5,500	...	...
Under $5,000	40	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	30	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	55	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	175	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	350	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	280	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	325	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	300	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	280	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	285	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	520	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	460	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	405	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	355	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	315	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,340	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	610	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	360	...	...
$150,000 and over	370	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	3,355	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	1,490	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	1,085	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	670	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	2,525	1,225	1,295
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	39,200	31,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,400	36,000	29,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	3,390	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,535	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,085	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	680	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	2,550	1,195	1,355
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,560	51,500	38,520
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,480	44,300	35,320
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	11,900	5,835	6,065
0 to 17 years	2,305	1,175	1,125
0 to 5 years	670	350	320
18 to 64 years	6,995	3,470	3,525
65 years and over	2,600	1,185	1,415
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,655	710	945
0 to 17 years	365	185	180
0 to 5 years	130	70	65
18 to 64 years	815	370	450
65 years and over	470	160	320
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.9	12.1	15.6
0 to 17 years (%)	15.8	15.5	16.0
0 to 5 years (%)	19.2	19.0	19.5
18 to 64 years (%)	11.7	10.6	12.8
65 years and over (%)	18.2	13.2	22.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	11,830	5,810	6,020
0 to 17 years	2,275	1,170	1,105
0 to 5 years	650	345	305
18 to 64 years	6,955	3,450	3,505
65 years and over	2,595	1,180	1,410
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	285	135	150
0 to 17 years	45	20	20
0 to 5 years	10	5	5
18 to 64 years	200	100	105
65 years and over	40	15	25
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.4	2.3	2.5
0 to 17 years (%)	2.0	2.0	1.9
0 to 5 years (%)	1.8	1.6	2.5
18 to 64 years (%)	2.9	2.9	2.9
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.0	1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	11,900	5,835	6,065
In bottom half of the distribution	6,815	3,185	3,625
In bottom decile	1,540	670	865
In second decile	1,470	650	820
In third decile	1,450	705	740
In fourth decile	1,200	585	610
In fifth decile	1,165	580	585
In top half of the distribution	5,085	2,645	2,440
In sixth decile	1,180	575	600
In seventh decile	1,090	580	510
In eighth decile	1,065	565	500
In ninth decile	1,015	530	485
In top decile	740	395	345
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	11,900	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.308	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.462	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.274	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	11,990	5,875	6,115
English only	11,575	5,685	5,890
French only	0	0	0
English and French	375	170	205
Neither English nor French	40	10	25
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	11,990	5,875	6,115
English	11,860	5,810	6,050
French	90	45	45
English and French	10	5	5
Neither English nor French	30	10	20
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	11,990	5,875	6,115
Single responses	11,850	5,800	6,045
Official languages	11,115	5,495	5,625
English	11,015	5,440	5,575
French	105	55	50
Non-official languages	725	310	420
Indigenous languages³⁹	35	10	25
Algonquian languages	5	5	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	5	5	5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	25	5	20
Northern Athabaskan languages	25	5	15
Dakelh (Carrier)	15	5	15
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	5	5	5
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	695	295	395
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	5	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5	5	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	5	5	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	105	35	75
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	5
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	85	25	60
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	10	5	0
Telugu	5	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	495	220	275
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	50	15	30
Baltic languages	5	0	0
Latvian	5	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	50	15	35
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	5
Russian	5	0	5
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5
Bosnian	5	5	0
Croatian	5	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	5	5	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	5
Ukrainian	15	0	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	140	50	85
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	85	25	60
German	80	25	55
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	25	20
Afrikaans	15	10	5
Dutch	20	10	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0
Scandinavian languages	15	5	10
Danish	5	0	5
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	5	0
Swedish	5	0	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	220	120	100
Indo-Aryan languages	215	115	100
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	20	15	5
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	190	95	95
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	5	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	5	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	5	5	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	85	30	55
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	45	15	25
Portuguese	25	10	15
Romanian	5	0	0
Spanish	15	5	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	5
Korean	15	10	5
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	5
American Sign Language	5	0	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	20	25
Chinese languages	40	20	20
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	5	5
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	5	0	5
Hungarian	5	5	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	140	70	70
English and French	30	20	15
English and non-official language(s)	100	50	45
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	11,990	5,875	6,115
English	11,245	5,520	5,730
French	5	0	5
Non-official language	150	75	70
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5
Non-Indigenous	145	75	70
English and French	45	25	20
English and non-official language(s)	515	245	270
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	5	10
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	10
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	11,990	5,875	6,115
Single responses	11,890	5,825	6,065
Official languages	11,565	5,660	5,905
English	11,565	5,660	5,900
French	5	0	5
Non-official languages	320	160	160
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5
Algonquian languages	5	0	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	5	0	5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	5
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	320	160	160
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5	0	5
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	5	0	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	45	25	25
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	20	20
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	5	5
Telugu	5	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	205	105	100
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	25	15	10
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	10	5	5
German	10	5	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	10	5
Afrikaans	15	10	5
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	155	85	70
Indo-Aryan languages	155	80	70
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	5	5	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	145	80	70
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	5	15
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	10	0	10
Portuguese	5	0	5
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	5	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	5
Korean	15	10	10
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	15	15
Chinese languages	25	15	15
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	100	45	50
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	100	45	50
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	11,990	5,875	6,115
None	11,480	5,630	5,845
English	140	70	75
French	45	25	20
Non-official language	260	115	145
Indigenous³⁹	30	15	20
Non-Indigenous	230	105	125
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	20	15	5
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	30	10	20
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	12,035	5,875	6,160
Official languages	11,990	5,860	6,130
English	11,990	5,860	6,130
French	395	160	235
Non-official languages	1,075	450	625
Indigenous languages³⁹	110	50	60
Algonquian languages	15	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	15	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	15	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	90	40	50
Northern Athabaskan languages	90	40	50
Dakelh (Carrier)	65	30	35
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	25	10	15
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	975	400	575
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	110	30	80
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	10	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	105	30	75
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	15	10	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	710	310	400
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	60	20	45
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	60	20	40
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	20	0	15
Russian	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	15	10	10
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	15	10	10
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	15	10	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	225	90	135
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	150	55	95
German	140	50	90
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	10	0	10
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	65	30	35
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	55	30	25
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	10
Danish	10	0	10
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	230	115	110
Indo-Aryan languages	230	115	110
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	110	55	55
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	200	95	105
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	210	90	120
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	60	20	40
Portuguese	25	15	15
Romanian	15	0	10
Spanish	120	50	65
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	25	0	15
Korean	20	10	10
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	25	10	15
American Sign Language	20	10	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60	20	40
Chinese languages	60	20	40
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	25	10	15
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	12,035	5,870	6,165
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,800	850	950
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,695	820	875
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,045	515	525
Métis	650	305	350
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	70	25	45
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	30	0	30
Non-Indigenous identity	10,235	5,020	5,210
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	12,035	5,870	6,165
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	640	290	350
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	11,390	5,580	5,810
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	5,540	...	...
Owner	3,685	...	...
Renter	1,835	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	20	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	5,540	...	...
Condominium	185	...	...
Not condominium	5,350	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	5,540	...	...
No bedrooms	30	...	...
1 bedroom	605	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,565	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,645	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,685	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	5,540	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,475	...	...
5 rooms	840	...	...
6 rooms	845	...	...
7 rooms	560	...	...
8 or more rooms	1,820	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	5,540	...	...
One person or fewer per room	5,490	...	...
More than one person per room	45	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	5,540	...	...
Suitable	5,365	...	...
Not suitable	170	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	5,540	...	...
1960 or before	815	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,690	...	...
1981 to 1990	685	...	...
1991 to 2000	865	...	...
2001 to 2005	110	...	...
2006 to 2010	135	...	...
2011 to 2015	100	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	140	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	5,540	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	5,000	...	...
Major repairs needed	535	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	5,540	...	...
One-maintainer household	3,325	...	...
Two-maintainer household	2,020	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	195	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	5,540	...	...
15 to 24 years	205	...	...
25 to 34 years	650	...	...
35 to 44 years	840	...	...
45 to 54 years	865	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,115	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,005	...	...
75 to 84 years	645	...	...
85 years and over	215	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	5,510	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	4,715	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	795	...	...
30% to less than 100%	755	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	5,540	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,365	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	685	...	...
Not suitable only	135	...	...
Major repairs needed only	410	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	100	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	4,175	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	5,465	...	...
In core need	385	...	...
Not in core need	5,085	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,680	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	53.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	7.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	715	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	913	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	301,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,825	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	15.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	28.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	17.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	840	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	878	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	20	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	400	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	12,035	5,875	6,160
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	830	380	450
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	825	380	450
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	645	305	340
Métis single ancestry	180	75	105
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,125	545	575
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,090	535	555
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	805	370	435
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	285	165	120
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	35	15	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	10	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	10,080	4,945	5,130
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	12,035	5,875	6,160
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	11,720	5,760	5,960
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,350	1,190	1,155
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	9,370	4,570	4,805
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	310	110	195
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	12,035	5,875	6,160
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	11,040	5,455	5,590
Immigrants⁸¹	910	385	520
Before 1980	450	220	230
1980 to 1990	75	20	50
1991 to 2000	85	30	50
2001 to 2010	140	50	90
2011 to 2021⁸²	160	60	95
2011 to 2015	60	15	45
2016 to 2021	100	50	55
Non-permanent residents⁸³	85	30	50
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	910	390	520
Under 5 years	85	45	45
5 to 14 years	195	95	105
15 to 24 years	245	110	130
25 to 44 years	340	145	200
45 years and over	35	0	30
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	910	390	520
Americas	165	65	100
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	125	55	70
Other places of birth in Americas	25	10	20
Europe	380	160	220
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	75	25	50
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Italy	25	10	10
Netherlands	25	15	10
Poland	10	0	10
Portugal	20	10	10
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	155	65	90
Other places of birth in Europe	50	25	25
Africa	35	20	20
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	10
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	10
Asia	300	130	165
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	35	15	15
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	130	40	85
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	105	60	40
Pakistan	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	10
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	25	15	10
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	100	50	55
Americas	10	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	20	10	10
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	15	10	10
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	10
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	55	30	30
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	30	20	10
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	20	10	10
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	12,035	5,870	6,165
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,080	480	605
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,710	820	890
Third generation or more¹⁰²	9,245	4,575	4,670
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	455	165	290
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	240	105	140
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	125	60	65
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	120	45	80
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	190	50	140
Refugees¹⁰⁸	10	0	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	15	0	10
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	455	165	290
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	10	10	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	80	15	65
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	10	0	10
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	45	30	15
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	300	105	200
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	12,035	5,870	6,165
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	730	335	400
South Asian	245	130	125
Chinese	80	35	40
Black	50	25	30
Filipino	190	85	105
Arab	30	15	15
Latin American	45	10	30
Southeast Asian	20	0	15
West Asian	0	0	0
Korean	15	10	10
Japanese	20	0	15
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	15	0	10
Multiple visible minorities	15	10	10
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	11,305	5,545	5,765
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	12,030	5,875	6,160
Canadian	1,770	915	855
English	3,320	1,520	1,795
Irish	2,105	945	1,165
Scottish	2,665	1,225	1,445
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,215	585	635
German	2,150	1,045	1,100
Chinese	85	35	50
Italian	295	140	155
Indian (India)	145	75	70
Ukrainian	625	335	295
Dutch	650	300	350
Polish	355	135	215
Québécois	10	10	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	570	335	235
Filipino	195	80	115
French Canadian	100	55	40
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	295	140	155
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	710	340	375
Métis	500	250	250
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	240	125	115
Russian	360	190	170
Norwegian	630	300	325
Welsh	280	140	135
Portuguese	75	40	35
American	310	145	165
Spanish	85	45	40
Swedish	580	225	350
Hungarian	110	55	60
Acadian	15	0	10
Pakistani	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	25	15	10
Jewish	35	15	25
Punjabi	30	10	20
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	45	20	30
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	275	130	150
Korean	15	10	10
Romanian	65	25	35
Lebanese	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0
Danish	215	105	115
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	140	45	105
Sikh	80	35	45
Austrian	160	90	70
Belgian	35	20	15
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	40	20	15
Mexican	25	10	15
Mennonite	30	20	15
Swiss	115	50	65
Finnish	85	35	50
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	15	10	10
Japanese	35	15	15
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	170	45	130
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	45	25	25
Colombian	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	25	10	15
Syrian	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Ojibway	15	10	10
Newfoundlander	45	20	25
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	10	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0
Nigerian	10	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Slovak	30	0	25
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	30	10	20
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	15	10	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	30	10	20
South African	15	10	0
Australian	35	10	25
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	10	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	20	10	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	35	25	10
New Brunswicker	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	35	25	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	15	10	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	15	0	10
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	15	0	10
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	20	15	10
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	10	0	10
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	20	0	10
British Columbian	60	20	30
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	20	0	15
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	10	10	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	15	0	15
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	15	0	10
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	12,035	5,870	6,160
Buddhist	20	0	15
Christian	4,030	1,760	2,275
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,070	500	575
Anabaptist	10	10	0
Anglican	335	165	175
Baptist	170	35	135
Catholic	1,090	505	590
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	150	55	95
Latter Day Saints	80	40	35
Lutheran	115	40	70
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	30	0	30
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	115	50	65
Presbyterian	50	20	30
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	400	170	235
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	400	175	225
Hindu	60	40	25
Jewish	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0
Sikh	150	70	80
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	60	20	40
Other religions and spiritual traditions	125	50	75
No religion and secular perspectives	7,555	3,930	3,630
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	11,945	5,835	6,105
Non-movers	10,530	5,175	5,355
Movers	1,415	660	755
Non-migrants	980	455	525
Migrants	430	200	230
Internal migrants	415	195	220
Intraprovincial migrants	315	130	185
Interprovincial migrants	105	60	40
External migrants	15	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	11,545	5,655	5,890
Non-movers	6,415	3,245	3,170
Movers	5,130	2,415	2,720
Non-migrants	1,945	900	1,045
Migrants	3,185	1,510	1,675
Internal migrants	3,040	1,450	1,590
Intraprovincial migrants	2,685	1,270	1,415
Interprovincial migrants	355	180	175
External migrants	145	60	85
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	10,100	4,890	5,205
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,845	1,490	1,355
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	7,255	3,400	3,850
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	6,075	2,955	3,120
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,220	680	540
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	4,855	2,275	2,580
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	10,095	4,895	5,205
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,530	1,305	1,230
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,370	1,600	1,770
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,195	1,985	2,210
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,120	1,600	1,525
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,060	850	210
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	415	275	140
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	655	580	70
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,780	625	1,155
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	270	120	155
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,075	390	685
Bachelor's degree	765	280	485
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	95	20	75
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	25	10	20
Master's degree	195	80	110
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	6,080	2,950	3,125
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,085	610	480
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,025	980	1,045
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,970	1,370	1,600
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,120	1,075	1,050
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	680	545	130
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	255	170	80
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	430	380	50
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,255	455	800
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	185	70	115
Bachelor's degree or higher	845	295	550
Bachelor's degree	600	215	385
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	80	15	65
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	15	10	10
Master's degree	145	55	90
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	10,100	4,895	5,205
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	5,905	2,910	2,995
Education	365	65	305
13. Education	365	65	305
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	65	30	30
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	15	0
50. Visual and performing arts	50	15	30
Humanities	160	60	100
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	45	15	30
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	55	15	40
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	45	30	15
54. History	15	0	10
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	255	85	175
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	20	10	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	75	15	65
22. Legal professions and studies	30	10	20
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	10
42. Psychology	60	25	35
45. Social sciences	60	25	35
Business, management and public administration	720	175	545
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	145	10	135
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	575	160	415
Physical and life sciences and technologies	65	30	35
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	20	0	15
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	35	15	15
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	15	10	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	95	60	35
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	80	55	25
25. Library science	10	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,210	1,120	85
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0
14. Engineering	95	85	10
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	225	190	35
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	360	345	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	315	295	15
48. Precision production	215	205	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	165	115	50
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	35	20	20
03. Natural resources and conservation	130	100	35
Health and related fields	810	100	715
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	30	0	20
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	775	85	695
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	275	155	120
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	165	50	120
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	50	50	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	55	50	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	6,080	2,955	3,125
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,110	1,585	1,525
Education	245	40	205
13. Education	245	40	205
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	50	20	30
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	45	15	30
Humanities	110	30	80
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	35	10	30
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	35	10	30
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	20	15	10
54. History	15	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	180	50	135
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	15	10	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	60	10	50
22. Legal professions and studies	25	10	20
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0
42. Psychology	30	0	30
45. Social sciences	40	15	25
Business, management and public administration	525	115	410
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	105	0	100
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	415	115	305
Physical and life sciences and technologies	40	15	25
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	20	0	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	80	50	25
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	65	50	15
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	825	755	70
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0
14. Engineering	80	75	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	180	145	30
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	230	220	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	200	190	10
48. Precision production	135	120	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	135	95	40
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	20	10	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	115	85	35
Health and related fields	575	70	505
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	25	0	20
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	540	60	480
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	210	120	85
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	110	30	80
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	40	40	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	55	50	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	6,080	2,955	3,125
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,110	1,585	1,525
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	2,970	1,370	1,600
Location of study inside Canada	2,740	1,300	1,440
Same as province or territory of residence	2,340	1,105	1,240
Different than province or territory of residence	395	195	195
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	230	65	165
Americas	40	20	25
United States of America	40	20	25
Mexico	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	60	15	45
Belgium	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	10	0	10
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	15	30
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	15	0	10
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	15	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	100	25	75
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	10	0	10
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Philippines	50	15	35
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	30	10	25
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	10,100	4,895	5,205
In the labour force	5,490	2,870	2,620
Employed	4,915	2,530	2,390
Unemployed	570	345	235
Not in the labour force	4,615	2,030	2,585
Participation rate	54.4	58.6	50.3
Employment rate	48.7	51.7	45.9
Unemployment rate	10.4	12.0	9.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	10,100	4,895	5,205
Did not work¹⁸⁶	4,610	2,030	2,580
Worked	5,490	2,860	2,625
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	2,570	1,490	1,080
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	2,915	1,370	1,545
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.8	40.4	39.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	5,490	2,865	2,620
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	135	75	65
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	5,350	2,795	2,560
Employee	4,725	2,485	2,250
Permanent position	3,960	2,155	1,800
Temporary position	770	325	445
Fixed term (1 year or more)	165	75	95
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	605	250	355
Self-employed¹⁹²	620	310	310
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	5,490	2,865	2,620
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	135	75	65
All occupations¹⁹¹	5,350	2,795	2,560
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	25	0	20
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	580	110	470
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	225	170	50
3 Health occupations	395	65	330
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	755	170	590
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	85	30	60
6 Sales and service occupations	1,390	580	815
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,240	1,120	125
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	205	145	65
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	455	415	45
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	5,490	2,865	2,620
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	135	75	65
All industries¹⁹¹	5,350	2,795	2,560
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	175	115	60
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	125	105	20
22 Utilities	25	25	0
23 Construction	390	330	50
31-33 Manufacturing	935	795	145
41 Wholesale trade	70	45	30
44-45 Retail trade	710	350	360
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	240	170	70
51 Information and cultural industries	75	30	45
52 Finance and insurance	85	10	80
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	55	20	35
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	150	65	85
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	170	95	80
61 Educational services	410	70	340
62 Health care and social assistance	750	90	655
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	95	55	45
72 Accommodation and food services	440	180	260
81 Other services (except public administration)	245	130	105
91 Public administration	210	105	110
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	6,020	3,145	2,880
English	5,940	3,115	2,830
French	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0
English and French	35	15	20
English and non-official language(s)	40	10	25
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	6,020	3,145	2,880
Single responses	6,020	3,140	2,880
Official languages	6,015	3,140	2,880
English	6,010	3,130	2,875
French	10	0	0
Non-official languages	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	6,020	3,145	2,880
None	5,950	3,120	2,830
English	10	0	0
French	30	15	15
Non-official language	30	0	25
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	25	0	25
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	4,920	2,525	2,390
Worked at home	335	140	195
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	650	440	205
Usual place of work	3,930	1,950	1,980
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	3,930	1,950	1,980
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	2,580	1,235	1,345
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,145	575	575
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	195	135	60
Commute to a different province or territory	10	10	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	4,580	2,390	2,190
Car, truck or van	4,225	2,265	1,960
Car, truck or van - as a driver	3,905	2,130	1,780
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	315	135	180
Public transit	30	20	20
Walked	225	60	165
Bicycle	35	25	10
Other method	65	25	40
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	4,580	2,390	2,190
Less than 15 minutes	3,160	1,490	1,665
15 to 29 minutes	995	590	410
30 to 44 minutes	175	115	60
45 to 59 minutes	95	85	10
60 minutes and over	150	105	45
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	4,580	2,390	2,190
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	405	340	70
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	790	465	330
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,280	610	670
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	970	375	590
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	360	130	230
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	770	475	300
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	2,345	1,195	1,150
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	100	50	45
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,245	1,145	1,105
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	1,755	885	870
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	75	40	35
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	30	15	20
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	45	30	15
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,675	845	835

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed November 9, 2025).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2024-08-02

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