Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Winnipeg, City (CY)More information: Manitoba [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	749,607
Population, 2016¹	705,244
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	6.3
Total private dwellings²	315,465
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	300,431
Population density per square kilometre	1,623.3
Land area in square kilometres	461.78
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	749,605
0 to 14 years	124,345
0 to 4 years	39,810
5 to 9 years	42,130
10 to 14 years	42,410
15 to 64 years	497,940
15 to 19 years	42,490
20 to 24 years	56,365
25 to 29 years	55,040
30 to 34 years	54,930
35 to 39 years	53,845
40 to 44 years	50,115
45 to 49 years	46,635
50 to 54 years	44,555
55 to 59 years	48,230
60 to 64 years	45,735
65 years and over	127,320
65 to 69 years	39,550
70 to 74 years	33,270
75 to 79 years	22,025
80 to 84 years	15,050
85 years and over	17,430
85 to 89 years	10,155
90 to 94 years	5,425
95 to 99 years	1,585
100 years and over	260
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.6
15 to 64 years	66.4
65 years and over	17.0
85 years and over	2.3
Average age of the population	40.3
Median age of the population	38.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	300,430
Single-detached house	172,765
Semi-detached house	12,015
Row house	11,700
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5,515
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	56,430
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	41,055
Other single-attached house	285
Movable dwelling⁴	665
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	300,435
1 person	90,705
2 persons	96,125
3 persons	45,425
4 persons	40,895
5 or more persons	27,285
Number of persons in private households	736,660
Average household size	2.5
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	625,260
Married or living common-law	336,075
Married	280,110
Living common-law	55,970
Living common law - Never married	42,285
Living common law - Separated	2,135
Living common law - Divorced	10,455
Living common law - Widowed	1,085
Not married and not living common-law	289,185
Not married and not living common law - Never married	203,765
Not married and not living common law - Separated	14,415
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	37,040
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	33,965
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	199,010
2 persons	97,475
3 persons	43,835
4 persons	39,505
5 or more persons	18,195
Average size of census families	2.9
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	199,005
Total couple families	163,295
Married couples	135,310
With children⁶	77,570
Without children	57,740
Common-law couples	27,980
With children⁶	9,945
Without children	18,035
Total one-parent families	35,715
in which the parent is a woman+	28,085
in which the parent is a man+	7,630
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	736,660
Total - Persons in census families	582,730
Married spouses or common-law partners	326,585
Parents in one-parent families	35,715
Children⁶	220,425
In a two-parent family	163,700
In a one-parent family	56,730
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	153,935
Living alone	90,710
Living with other relatives⁷	26,280
Living with non-relatives only	36,945
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	300,430
One-census-family households without additional persons	171,950
Couple-family households	144,435
With children⁶	76,710
Without children	67,720
One-parent-family households	27,515
Multigenerational households⁸	8,070
Multiple-census-family households⁹	1,755
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	10,830
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	17,120
One-person households	90,710
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	612,550
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	591,230
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	591,420
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	526,990
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	432,160
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	544,345
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	66,835
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,200
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	160,780
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	612,550
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	591,650
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	591,805
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	527,445
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	432,160
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	545,050
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,840
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	66,315
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,115
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	159,805
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,740
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	612,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	213,275
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	170,365
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,280
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	612,555
Without total income	21,320
With total income	591,230
Under $10,000 (including loss)	56,360
$10,000 to $19,999	64,895
$20,000 to $29,999	94,155
$30,000 to $39,999	81,775
$40,000 to $49,999	73,305
$50,000 to $59,999	57,035
$60,000 to $69,999	43,130
$70,000 to $79,999	31,605
$80,000 to $89,999	23,710
$90,000 to $99,999	18,465
$100,000 and over	46,795
$100,000 to $149,999	32,650
$150,000 and over	14,145
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	612,555
Without after-tax income	21,135
With after-tax income	591,415
Under $10,000 (including loss)	58,750
$10,000 to $19,999	70,515
$20,000 to $29,999	112,575
$30,000 to $39,999	100,235
$40,000 to $49,999	81,705
$50,000 to $59,999	57,850
$60,000 to $69,999	38,490
$70,000 to $79,999	27,055
$80,000 to $89,999	15,350
$90,000 to $99,999	9,025
$100,000 and over	19,860
$100,000 to $124,999	10,075
$125,000 and over	9,790
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	612,555
Without employment income	180,390
With employment income	432,160
Under $5,000 (including loss)	52,755
$5,000 to $9,999	35,240
$10,000 to $19,999	53,585
$20,000 to $29,999	45,970
$30,000 to $39,999	45,340
$40,000 to $49,999	43,980
$50,000 to $59,999	35,610
$60,000 to $69,999	28,925
$70,000 to $79,999	22,305
$80,000 to $89,999	18,325
$90,000 to $99,999	14,875
$100,000 and over	35,245
$100,000 to $124,999	18,000
$125,000 and over	17,245
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	612,550
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	572,340
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	572,530
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	518,390
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	431,875
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	499,100
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,020
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	42,415
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,640
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	612,550
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	572,520
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	572,705
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	518,240
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,480
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	431,370
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	498,905
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,670
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	42,495
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,130
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	612,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	211,690
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	159,045
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,680
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	87.8
Employment income (%)	73.0
Government transfers (%)	12.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	300,435
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	80,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,500
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	90,710
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,400
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,200
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	209,720
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	300,430
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	98,700
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	81,200
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	90,825
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,650
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,560
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	209,605
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,100
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,900
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	300,430
Under $5,000	3,870
$5,000 to $9,999	2,585
$10,000 to $14,999	4,825
$15,000 to $19,999	4,475
$20,000 to $24,999	11,165
$25,000 to $29,999	11,090
$30,000 to $34,999	10,205
$35,000 to $39,999	11,170
$40,000 to $44,999	12,070
$45,000 to $49,999	11,865
$50,000 to $59,999	23,360
$60,000 to $69,999	22,375
$70,000 to $79,999	21,205
$80,000 to $89,999	19,380
$90,000 to $99,999	18,225
$100,000 and over	112,560
$100,000 to $124,999	36,495
$125,000 to $149,999	25,530
$150,000 to $199,999	28,730
$200,000 and over	21,805
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	300,430
Under $5,000	4,185
$5,000 to $9,999	2,655
$10,000 to $14,999	4,930
$15,000 to $19,999	4,985
$20,000 to $24,999	12,465
$25,000 to $29,999	13,245
$30,000 to $34,999	12,675
$35,000 to $39,999	14,175
$40,000 to $44,999	14,510
$45,000 to $49,999	14,200
$50,000 to $59,999	27,845
$60,000 to $69,999	26,255
$70,000 to $79,999	24,665
$80,000 to $89,999	21,740
$90,000 to $99,999	18,915
$100,000 and over	82,990
$100,000 to $124,999	34,720
$125,000 to $149,999	21,050
$150,000 and over	27,220
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	198,275
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000
Average family size of economic families	3.1
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	69,340
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	87,715
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	32,775
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	127,650
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	198,185
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	119,900
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,200
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	69,100
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	111,700
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	87,995
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	144,800
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	32,575
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,400
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,800
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	127,655
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,160
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,560
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	736,660
0 to 17 years	148,750
0 to 5 years	48,080
18 to 64 years	469,065
65 years and over	118,845
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	95,370
0 to 17 years	26,315
0 to 5 years	9,615
18 to 64 years	54,255
65 years and over	14,800
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.9
0 to 17 years (%)	17.7
0 to 5 years (%)	20.0
18 to 64 years (%)	11.6
65 years and over (%)	12.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	736,660
0 to 17 years	148,750
0 to 5 years	48,085
18 to 64 years	469,070
65 years and over	118,840
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	61,700
0 to 17 years	14,220
0 to 5 years	5,135
18 to 64 years	42,665
65 years and over	4,815
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	8.4
0 to 17 years (%)	9.6
0 to 5 years (%)	10.7
18 to 64 years (%)	9.1
65 years and over (%)	4.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	736,660
In bottom half of the distribution	410,185
In bottom decile	88,735
In second decile	80,825
In third decile	81,590
In fourth decile	80,190
In fifth decile	78,850
In top half of the distribution	326,470
In sixth decile	77,220
In seventh decile	73,440
In eighth decile	69,335
In ninth decile	59,395
In top decile	47,080
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	736,660
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.333
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.443
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.290
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	742,360
English only	656,970
French only	1,260
English and French	71,705
Neither English nor French	12,435
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	742,360
English	706,105
French	20,820
English and French	3,465
Neither English nor French	11,960
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	742,360
Single responses	702,865
Official languages	504,910
English	484,365
French	20,540
Non-official languages	197,955
Indigenous languages³⁹	3,100
Algonquian languages	2,870
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	1,040
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	1,040
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	20
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	360
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	40
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	25
Cree, n.o.s.	600
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5
Mi'kmaq	5
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,830
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	635
Ojibway languages	1,190
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	55
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	240
Ojibway, n.o.s.	890
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	65
Northern Athabaskan languages	60
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	60
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	90
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	90
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	40
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	35
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	35
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	194,855
Afro-Asiatic languages	12,655
Berber languages	80
Kabyle	60
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10
Chadic languages	75
Hausa	65
Mina	10
Coptic	85
Cushitic languages	1,675
Bilen	180
Oromo	315
Somali	1,175
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15
Semitic languages	10,740
Amharic	1,680
Arabic	5,845
Aramaic languages	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	5
Hebrew	505
Maltese	15
Tigrigna	2,660
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	20
Austro-Asiatic languages	4,720
Khmer (Cambodian)	245
Vietnamese	4,465
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	20
Austronesian languages	49,130
Bikol	145
Bisaya, n.o.s.	365
Cebuano	770
Fijian	5
Hiligaynon	395
Ilocano	1,320
Indonesian	135
Kankanaey	10
Kinaray-a	30
Malagasy languages	5
Merina	5
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	900
Pangasinan	175
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	44,670
Waray-Waray	65
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	130
Creole languages	405
Haitian Creole	60
Jamaican English Creole	20
Krio	145
Morisyen	40
Sango	30
Creole, n.o.s.	75
Creole languages, n.i.e.	40
Dravidian languages	1,690
Kannada	100
Malayalam	860
Tamil	455
Telugu	260
Tulu	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10
Georgian	10
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	97,015
Albanian	310
Armenian	55
Balto-Slavic languages	18,635
Baltic languages	80
Latvian	20
Lithuanian	55
Slavic languages	18,550
Belarusian	40
Bulgarian	130
Czech	355
Macedonian	125
Polish	4,050
Russian	5,620
Rusyn	10
Serbo-Croatian	1,980
Bosnian	580
Croatian	745
Serbian	625
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	35
Slovak	250
Slovene (Slovenian)	185
Ukrainian	5,805
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10
Celtic languages	45
Irish	10
Scottish Gaelic	15
Welsh	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10
Germanic languages	12,180
Frisian	15
High German languages	8,995
German	8,780
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	45
Yiddish	165
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	2,835
Afrikaans	160
Dutch	1,000
Low German, n.o.s.	205
Low Saxon	50
Plautdietsch	1,345
Vlaams (Flemish)	70
Scandinavian languages	325
Danish	115
Icelandic	75
Norwegian	50
Swedish	85
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15
Greek	1,055
Indo-Iranian languages	47,215
Indo-Aryan languages	44,090
Assamese	5
Bengali	2,000
Gujarati	3,160
Hindi	3,050
Kacchi	20
Kashmiri	10
Konkani	30
Marathi	145
Nepali	695
Oriya languages	10
Odia	10
Oriya, n.o.s.	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30,575
Rohingya	35
Sindhi	45
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	765
Urdu	3,515
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	30
Iranian languages	3,120
Baluchi	10
Kurdish	835
Parsi	0
Pashto	230
Persian languages	2,040
Dari	580
Iranian Persian	1,280
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	180
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10
Italic (Romance) languages	17,525
Catalan	10
Italian	2,805
Portuguese	6,300
Romanian	445
Spanish	7,945
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	455
Korean	3,040
Mongolian	15
Niger-Congo languages	4,425
Akan (Twi)	175
Bamanankan	45
Edo	55
Éwé	30
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	65
Ga	20
Ganda	45
Gikuyu	25
Igbo	405
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	255
Lingala	65
Luba-Kasai	20
Mòoré	0
Mwani	30
Ndebele	20
Rundi (Kirundi)	180
Shona	120
Soninke	5
Sotho-Tswana languages	10
Swahili	915
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	90
Yoruba	1,425
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	440
Nilo-Saharan languages	365
Dinka	170
Nuer	25
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	140
African, n.o.s.	25
Sign languages	265
American Sign Language	250
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20
Sino-Tibetan languages	18,475
Chinese languages	17,935
Hakka	50
Mandarin	11,185
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	250
Wu (Shanghainese)	80
Yue (Cantonese)	6,165
Chinese, n.o.s.	190
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10
Tibeto-Burman languages	510
Burmese	65
Kuki-Chin languages	45
Karenic languages	390
S'gaw Karen	355
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	35
Tibetan	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	20
Tai-Kadai languages	905
Lao	685
Thai	215
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	5
Turkic languages	400
Azerbaijani	40
Kazakh	5
Turkish	270
Uyghur	10
Uzbek	35
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	35
Uralic languages	840
Estonian	20
Finnish	115
Hungarian	710
Other languages, n.i.e.	60
Multiple responses	39,490
English and French	4,605
English and non-official language(s)	30,695
French and non-official language(s)	810
English, French and non-official language(s)	600
Multiple non-official languages	2,780
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	742,360
English	510,595
French	5,310
Non-official language	56,540
Indigenous³⁹	495
Non-Indigenous	56,050
English and French	13,370
English and non-official language(s)	145,805
French and non-official language(s)	775
English, French and non-official language(s)	4,440
Multiple non-official languages	5,530
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	742,360
Single responses	703,180
Official languages	580,205
English	571,855
French	8,355
Non-official languages	122,975
Indigenous languages³⁹	835
Algonquian languages	795
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	225
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	225
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	50
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	165
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	565
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	255
Ojibway languages	315
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	50
Ojibway, n.o.s.	250
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	10
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	5
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	15
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	5
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	122,135
Afro-Asiatic languages	8,250
Berber languages	50
Kabyle	40
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	10
Hausa	10
Mina	0
Coptic	40
Cushitic languages	1,105
Bilen	140
Oromo	155
Somali	810
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	7,040
Amharic	920
Arabic	3,905
Aramaic languages	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5
Harari	5
Hebrew	360
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	1,825
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	3,415
Khmer (Cambodian)	110
Vietnamese	3,290
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	20
Austronesian languages	31,895
Bikol	55
Bisaya, n.o.s.	200
Cebuano	415
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	220
Ilocano	645
Indonesian	55
Kankanaey	5
Kinaray-a	15
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	550
Pangasinan	70
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	29,615
Waray-Waray	15
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	50
Creole languages	195
Haitian Creole	45
Jamaican English Creole	10
Krio	65
Morisyen	15
Sango	20
Creole, n.o.s.	25
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10
Dravidian languages	1,045
Kannada	40
Malayalam	565
Tamil	275
Telugu	155
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10
Georgian	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	57,225
Albanian	175
Armenian	30
Balto-Slavic languages	8,015
Baltic languages	10
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	10
Slavic languages	8,000
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	60
Czech	90
Macedonian	80
Polish	1,455
Russian	3,855
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	870
Bosnian	280
Croatian	255
Serbian	325
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10
Slovak	45
Slovene (Slovenian)	25
Ukrainian	1,515
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	10
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	5
Welsh	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	1,140
Frisian	0
High German languages	865
German	855
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	5
Yiddish	5
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	250
Afrikaans	55
Dutch	55
Low German, n.o.s.	10
Low Saxon	5
Plautdietsch	120
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	25
Danish	5
Icelandic	10
Norwegian	5
Swedish	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	430
Indo-Iranian languages	38,750
Indo-Aryan languages	36,550
Assamese	0
Bengali	1,245
Gujarati	2,385
Hindi	2,120
Kacchi	5
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	10
Marathi	75
Nepali	520
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	27,145
Rohingya	25
Sindhi	30
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	485
Urdu	2,470
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	30
Iranian languages	2,195
Baluchi	5
Kurdish	660
Parsi	0
Pashto	155
Persian languages	1,375
Dari	380
Iranian Persian	880
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	115
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5
Italic (Romance) languages	8,680
Catalan	0
Italian	735
Portuguese	3,370
Romanian	165
Spanish	4,405
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	185
Korean	2,355
Mongolian	5
Niger-Congo languages	1,960
Akan (Twi)	95
Bamanankan	15
Edo	5
Éwé	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	50
Ga	0
Ganda	5
Gikuyu	5
Igbo	150
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	125
Lingala	40
Luba-Kasai	10
Mòoré	0
Mwani	5
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	105
Shona	10
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	515
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	70
Yoruba	615
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	105
Nilo-Saharan languages	160
Dinka	75
Nuer	20
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	55
African, n.o.s.	5
Sign languages	420
American Sign Language	365
Quebec Sign Language	5
Sign languages, n.i.e.	50
Sino-Tibetan languages	14,100
Chinese languages	13,675
Hakka	10
Mandarin	9,010
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	125
Wu (Shanghainese)	55
Yue (Cantonese)	4,350
Chinese, n.o.s.	125
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	415
Burmese	45
Kuki-Chin languages	30
Karenic languages	335
S'gaw Karen	310
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	30
Tibetan	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10
Tai-Kadai languages	525
Lao	415
Thai	105
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	185
Azerbaijani	10
Kazakh	0
Turkish	125
Uyghur	5
Uzbek	20
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	20
Uralic languages	205
Estonian	0
Finnish	20
Hungarian	180
Other languages, n.i.e.	20
Multiple responses	39,180
English and French	2,665
English and non-official language(s)	34,860
French and non-official language(s)	375
English, French and non-official language(s)	485
Multiple non-official languages	795
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	742,360
None	604,755
English	53,905
French	9,325
Non-official language	56,170
Indigenous³⁹	2,255
Non-Indigenous	53,915
English and French	635
English and non-official language(s)	9,650
French and non-official language(s)	1,905
English, French and non-official language(s)	145
Multiple non-official languages	5,865
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	736,660
Official languages	724,310
English	723,085
French	72,665
Non-official languages	261,030
Indigenous languages³⁹	5,175
Algonquian languages	4,835
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	1,755
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	1,755
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	45
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	610
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	105
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	70
Cree, n.o.s.	945
Innu (Montagnais)	10
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	35
Mi'kmaq	35
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	3,185
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	15
Oji-Cree	985
Ojibway languages	2,245
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	155
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	370
Ojibway, n.o.s.	1,755
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	80
Northern Athabaskan languages	70
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	70
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	115
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	115
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	85
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	65
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	65
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	10
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	10
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	20
Non-Indigenous languages	255,980
Afro-Asiatic languages	20,350
Berber languages	175
Kabyle	120
Tamazight	40
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10
Chadic languages	310
Hausa	290
Mina	20
Coptic	170
Cushitic languages	2,230
Bilen	240
Oromo	380
Somali	1,585
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	50
Semitic languages	18,310
Amharic	3,355
Arabic	9,335
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	3,640
Maltese	15
Tigrigna	4,095
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	135
Austro-Asiatic languages	6,300
Khmer (Cambodian)	345
Vietnamese	5,935
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	45
Austronesian languages	65,485
Bikol	210
Bisaya, n.o.s.	585
Cebuano	1,355
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	685
Ilocano	3,000
Indonesian	225
Kankanaey	20
Kinaray-a	15
Malagasy languages	10
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10
Malay	225
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,625
Pangasinan	320
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	64,325
Waray-Waray	155
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	845
Creole languages	1,205
Haitian Creole	195
Jamaican English Creole	90
Krio	385
Morisyen	105
Sango	50
Creole, n.o.s.	220
Creole languages, n.i.e.	170
Dravidian languages	2,505
Kannada	290
Malayalam	1,090
Tamil	980
Telugu	510
Tulu	35
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10
Georgian	20
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	124,645
Albanian	455
Armenian	90
Balto-Slavic languages	22,770
Baltic languages	125
Latvian	65
Lithuanian	60
Slavic languages	22,710
Belarusian	70
Bulgarian	200
Czech	420
Macedonian	165
Polish	5,310
Russian	8,645
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	2,465
Bosnian	830
Croatian	1,255
Serbian	1,050
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	40
Slovak	295
Slovene (Slovenian)	270
Ukrainian	8,620
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	25
Celtic languages	155
Irish	85
Scottish Gaelic	30
Welsh	35
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10
Germanic languages	16,220
Frisian	50
High German languages	12,850
German	12,425
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	40
Yiddish	405
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	3,640
Afrikaans	370
Dutch	1,360
Low German, n.o.s.	245
Low Saxon	50
Plautdietsch	1,625
Vlaams (Flemish)	55
Scandinavian languages	585
Danish	160
Icelandic	130
Norwegian	150
Swedish	165
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	25
Greek	1,450
Indo-Iranian languages	59,015
Indo-Aryan languages	55,360
Assamese	20
Bengali	2,655
Gujarati	4,200
Hindi	23,320
Kacchi	30
Kashmiri	10
Konkani	115
Marathi	340
Nepali	765
Oriya languages	25
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	20
Punjabi (Panjabi)	39,215
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	85
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,160
Urdu	6,160
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	195
Iranian languages	3,955
Baluchi	25
Kurdish	1,165
Parsi	0
Pashto	440
Persian languages	2,500
Dari	855
Iranian Persian	1,500
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	225
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	30
Italic (Romance) languages	27,580
Catalan	35
Italian	4,570
Portuguese	7,865
Romanian	545
Spanish	15,660
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	70
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	30
Japanese	1,275
Korean	3,860
Mongolian	25
Niger-Congo languages	12,495
Akan (Twi)	335
Bamanankan	170
Edo	205
Éwé	55
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	145
Ga	50
Ganda	150
Gikuyu	85
Igbo	1,365
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	450
Lingala	490
Luba-Kasai	65
Mòoré	10
Mwani	45
Ndebele	60
Rundi (Kirundi)	395
Shona	295
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	30
Swahili	2,760
Wojenaka	70
Wolof	320
Yoruba	5,300
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,535
Nilo-Saharan languages	530
Dinka	255
Nuer	30
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	245
African, n.o.s.	70
Sign languages	1,600
American Sign Language	1,475
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	140
Sino-Tibetan languages	21,550
Chinese languages	20,965
Hakka	70
Mandarin	15,160
Min Dong	15
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	425
Wu (Shanghainese)	80
Yue (Cantonese)	8,060
Chinese, n.o.s.	160
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	25
Tibeto-Burman languages	600
Burmese	135
Kuki-Chin languages	45
Karenic languages	415
S'gaw Karen	385
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	30
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	40
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10
Tai-Kadai languages	1,420
Lao	1,100
Thai	515
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10
Turkic languages	690
Azerbaijani	115
Kazakh	0
Turkish	605
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	40
Uralic languages	1,120
Estonian	35
Finnish	155
Hungarian	935
Other languages, n.i.e.	235
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	736,660
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	90,995
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	88,655
First Nations (North American Indian)	40,290
Métis	47,915
Inuk (Inuit)	455
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	1,600
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	740
Non-Indigenous identity	645,665
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	736,660
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	36,690
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	699,970
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	300,430
Owner	189,575
Renter	110,855
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	300,430
Condominium	30,160
Not condominium	270,270
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	300,430
No bedrooms	4,000
1 bedroom	50,935
2 bedrooms	79,835
3 bedrooms	101,020
4 or more bedrooms	64,640
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	300,430
1 to 4 rooms	106,380
5 rooms	49,255
6 rooms	44,165
7 rooms	34,735
8 or more rooms	65,905
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.7
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	300,430
One person or fewer per room	288,735
More than one person per room	11,695
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	300,430
Suitable	276,300
Not suitable	24,130
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	300,430
1960 or before	94,010
1961 to 1980	92,410
1981 to 1990	36,600
1991 to 2000	19,030
2001 to 2005	9,695
2006 to 2010	12,055
2011 to 2015	15,490
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	21,140
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	300,430
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	280,850
Major repairs needed	19,580
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	300,430
One-maintainer household	154,495
Two-maintainer household	130,400
Three-or-more-maintainer household	15,540
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	300,430
15 to 24 years	11,615
25 to 34 years	46,285
35 to 44 years	55,860
45 to 54 years	51,940
55 to 64 years	56,510
65 to 74 years	44,825
75 to 84 years	23,965
85 years and over	9,440
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	299,745
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	239,255
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	60,490
30% to less than 100%	53,280
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	300,430
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	94,430
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	52,455
Not suitable only	18,635
Major repairs needed only	13,810
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	3,760
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	4,030
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	1,490
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	240
Acceptable housing	206,000
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	292,540
In core need	34,425
Not in core need	258,120
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	189,560
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	63.9
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.0
% in core housing need⁶³	4.7
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,240
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,326
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	340,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	364,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	110,855
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	15.8
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	36.0
% in core housing need⁶³	24.2
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,100
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,137
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	736,660
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	42,460
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	41,075
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	29,575
Métis single ancestry	11,270
Inuit single ancestry	230
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	1,390
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	1,340
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	15
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	50,730
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	48,430
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	18,690
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	29,470
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	275
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	2,300
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,215
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	643,465
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	736,660
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	634,515
Canadian citizens aged under 18	132,535
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	501,980
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	102,145
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	736,660
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	505,525
Immigrants⁸¹	201,040
Before 1980	29,080
1980 to 1990	17,290
1991 to 2000	17,060
2001 to 2010	48,280
2011 to 2021⁸²	89,330
2011 to 2015	43,430
2016 to 2021	45,900
Non-permanent residents⁸³	30,095
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	201,040
Under 5 years	19,145
5 to 14 years	37,070
15 to 24 years	35,750
25 to 44 years	91,925
45 years and over	17,155
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	201,040
Americas	17,800
Brazil	1,555
Colombia	795
El Salvador	1,465
Guyana	1,105
Haiti	150
Jamaica	1,820
Mexico	950
Peru	205
Trinidad and Tobago	1,505
United States of America	3,875
Other places of birth in Americas	4,380
Europe	33,300
Bosnia and Herzegovina	825
Croatia	640
France	655
Germany	3,010
Greece	705
Hungary	470
Italy	2,265
Netherlands	1,045
Poland	3,465
Portugal	3,430
Romania	510
Russian Federation	1,945
Serbia⁸⁶	360
Ukraine	3,895
United Kingdom⁸⁷	6,455
Other places of birth in Europe	3,615
Africa	23,455
Algeria	340
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	1,325
Egypt	1,165
Eritrea	2,615
Ethiopia	2,445
Morocco	440
Nigeria	7,440
Somalia	785
South Africa, Republic of	660
Other places of birth in Africa	6,250
Asia	125,980
Afghanistan	795
Iran⁸⁸	1,030
Iraq	1,220
Lebanon	285
Syria⁸⁹	1,670
Turkey	245
China⁹⁰	8,900
Hong Kong⁹¹	1,165
Korea, South⁹²	2,655
Taiwan	265
Philippines	62,100
Viet Nam	4,340
Bangladesh	1,245
India	27,605
Pakistan	3,735
Sri Lanka	1,065
Other places of birth in Asia	7,650
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	515
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	45,900
Americas	3,505
Brazil	1,265
Colombia	275
Haiti	50
Jamaica	335
Mexico	215
United States of America	590
Venezuela⁹⁵	30
Other places of birth in Americas	750
Europe	2,770
France	130
Germany	35
Ireland⁹⁶	80
Italy	130
Russian Federation	425
Ukraine	920
United Kingdom⁸⁷	245
Other places of birth in Europe	800
Africa	9,410
Algeria	250
Burundi	90
Cameroon	80
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	395
Côte d'Ivoire	75
Egypt	255
Eritrea	1,230
Ethiopia	540
Morocco	210
Nigeria	4,350
Somalia	300
South Africa, Republic of	130
Sudan⁹⁷	340
Tunisia	95
Other places of birth in Africa	1,075
Asia	30,145
Afghanistan	135
Bangladesh	570
China⁹⁰	3,350
Hong Kong⁹¹	185
India	11,030
Iran⁸⁸	255
Iraq	645
Israel	470
Japan	75
Jordan	145
Korea, South⁹²	750
Lebanon	140
Nepal	85
Pakistan	1,090
Philippines	7,945
Saudi Arabia	115
Sri Lanka	175
Syria⁸⁹	1,380
Turkey	120
United Arab Emirates	155
Viet Nam	530
Other places of birth in Asia	795
Oceania and other⁹³	80
Australia	60
Other places of birth⁹⁸	15
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	736,660
First generation¹⁰⁰	236,410
Second generation¹⁰¹	131,455
Third generation or more¹⁰²	368,795
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	171,965
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	113,765
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	46,180
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	67,580
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	35,860
Refugees¹⁰⁸	21,840
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	500
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	171,965
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,900
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	9,430
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	3,080
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	9,760
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	685
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	147,110
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	736,660
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	253,630
South Asian	62,460
Chinese	22,745
Black	40,085
Filipino	83,305
Arab	7,035
Latin American	8,910
Southeast Asian	10,285
West Asian	3,280
Korean	3,825
Japanese	1,520
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	2,800
Multiple visible minorities	7,380
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	483,030
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	736,660
Canadian	51,625
English	107,395
Irish	77,850
Scottish	99,465
French, n.o.s.¹²²	66,405
German	84,850
Chinese	26,290
Italian	16,915
Indian (India)	33,570
Ukrainian	90,380
Dutch	20,605
Polish	45,295
Québécois	765
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	16,525
Filipino	80,110
French Canadian	7,525
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	8,225
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	21,030
Métis	44,360
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	7,835
Russian	21,260
Norwegian	9,620
Welsh	9,555
Portuguese	10,280
American	4,305
Spanish	8,450
Swedish	11,545
Hungarian	6,200
Acadian	880
Pakistani	4,510
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	7,195
Jewish	10,270
Punjabi	12,640
Vietnamese	6,790
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	2,925
Greek	3,040
Jamaican	3,550
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	8,345
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	9,470
Korean	3,715
Romanian	3,385
Lebanese	1,095
Iranian	1,330
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	2,025
Danish	4,145
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	8,225
Sikh	8,390
Austrian	6,505
Belgian	9,305
Haitian	305
Hindu	3,470
Mexican	1,795
Mennonite	15,125
Swiss	2,485
Finnish	2,475
Sri Lankan	1,075
Croatian	2,330
Japanese	2,205
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	1,545
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	620
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	2,265
Muslim	1,660
Egyptian	1,380
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	1,870
Tamil	325
Icelandic	15,870
Colombian	975
Moroccan	485
Czech	2,655
Syrian	1,265
Guyanese	1,270
Afghan	1,195
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	1,885
Serbian	1,105
Ojibway	8,225
Newfoundlander	365
Hong Konger	990
Ontarian	305
Persian	495
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,060
Turkish	775
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	635
Bangladeshi	1,830
Algerian	285
Brazilian	1,800
Nigerian	4,700
Armenian	305
Slovak	1,205
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	1,945
Somali	1,355
Taiwanese	385
Iraqi	680
Salvadorean	1,600
African Caribbean	700
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	1,770
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	595
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	1,075
Algonquin	245
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	1,035
Lithuanian	855
South African	570
Australian	575
Palestinian	530
Chilean	1,345
Congolese	1,295
Nova Scotian	210
Ethiopian	2,480
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	905
Peruvian	290
Yoruba	4,320
Cambodian (Khmer)	740
Berber	235
Albanian	440
Maltese	255
Macedonian	240
Slovenian	775
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	465
New Brunswicker	100
Gujarati	855
Eritrean	3,055
African Canadian	525
Israeli	1,250
Mohawk	340
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	840
Bulgarian	270
Albertan	75
Ghanaian	445
Barbadian	470
African American	660
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	605
Tunisian	140
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	820
Cuban	205
Bosnian	920
Venezuelan	130
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	50
Latvian	810
Bengali	470
Cameroonian	195
Guatemalan	470
Indonesian	495
Laotian	1,620
Ilocano	1,080
Northern Irish	365
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	395
British Columbian	80
Ecuadorian	250
Franco Ontarian	40
Argentinian	530
Estonian	225
Kurdish	590
Fijian	15
Jatt	1,145
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	240
Coptic	560
Thai	630
Dominican	220
Nepali	590
Kabyle	60
Assyrian	15
Igbo	1,440
Byelorussian	595
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	355
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	265
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	165
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	75
New Zealander	120
Sudanese	315
Breton	130
Pennsylvania Dutch	145
Malaysian	285
Plains Cree	55
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	190
Huron (Wendat)	75
Saskatchewanian	175
Buddhist	400
Gaspesian	0
Norman	75
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	345
Ivorian	110
Saulteaux	1,380
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	1,830
Burundian	350
Tigrinya	1,225
Nicaraguan	345
Mauritian	145
Kenyan	445
Oji-Cree	1,415
Vincentian	120
Jordanian	145
Manitoban	3,215
Cape Bretoner	30
Rwandan	335
Grenadian	85
Malayali	230
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	600
Mayan	390
Honduran	90
Cherokee	115
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	15
Indo-Caribbean	215
Flemish	430
United Empire Loyalist	115
Senegalese	100
Azerbaijani	115
Sicilian	305
Pashtun	70
Malay	445
Goan	60
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	300
Tibetan	10
Zimbabwean	205
Burmese	240
Mongolian	135
Azorean	165
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	130
Ugandan	155
Oromo	435
Tanzanian	95
Yemeni	150
Central African	190
Libyan	190
Basque	60
Uruguayan	25
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	110
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	225
Igorot	175
Fulani	200
Woodland Cree	25
Guinean	60
St. Lucian	45
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	15
Beninese	105
Telugu	90
Roma	80
Costa Rican	60
African Nova Scotian	40
Malagasy	50
Kashmiri	65
Singaporean	35
Karen	460
Edo	365
Tajik	35
Amhara	340
Paraguayan	690
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	736,660
Buddhist	6,860
Christian	371,345
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	65,290
Anabaptist	9,285
Anglican	19,790
Baptist	7,015
Catholic	177,020
Christian Orthodox	12,390
Jehovah's Witness	2,670
Latter Day Saints	1,020
Lutheran	13,420
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	1,055
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	10,775
Presbyterian	2,890
Reformed	975
United Church	29,530
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	18,200
Hindu	14,745
Jewish	10,835
Muslim	24,170
Sikh	32,510
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	2,805
Other religions and spiritual traditions	5,440
No religion and secular perspectives	267,945
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	728,830
Non-movers	628,490
Movers	100,335
Non-migrants	78,555
Migrants	21,780
Internal migrants	14,360
Intraprovincial migrants	5,325
Interprovincial migrants	9,035
External migrants	7,425
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	696,950
Non-movers	410,540
Movers	286,405
Non-migrants	187,720
Migrants	98,690
Internal migrants	41,775
Intraprovincial migrants	24,630
Interprovincial migrants	17,145
External migrants	56,915
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	612,550
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	98,815
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	513,735
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	395,650
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	39,215
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	356,435
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	612,550
No certificate, diploma or degree	89,430
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	182,910
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	340,215
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	161,460
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	34,885
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	18,160
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	16,725
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	107,675
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,910
Bachelor's degree or higher	178,745
Bachelor's degree	124,190
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	13,490
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,860
Master's degree	30,770
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	5,435
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	395,650
No certificate, diploma or degree	34,465
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	102,120
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	259,070
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	114,410
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	23,625
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	12,145
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	11,480
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	77,885
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	12,895
Bachelor's degree or higher	144,655
Bachelor's degree	101,005
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	10,095
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,000
Master's degree	25,575
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	3,990
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	612,555
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	272,340
Education	26,245
13. Education	26,245
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10,120
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,045
50. Visual and performing arts	9,075
Humanities	18,355
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	1,575
23. English language and literature/letters	3,510
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	6,445
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	405
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,120
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,235
54. History	2,335
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	740
Social and behavioural sciences and law	39,170
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	795
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	3,790
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,965
22. Legal professions and studies	5,715
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	1,060
42. Psychology	7,015
45. Social sciences	13,820
Business, management and public administration	74,940
30.16 Accounting and computer science	180
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,420
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	69,340
Physical and life sciences and technologies	14,030
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	5,955
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	4,190
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	505
40. Physical sciences	2,740
41. Science technologies/technicians	630
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	19,165
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	16,180
25. Library science	865
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,895
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	220
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	59,740
04. Architecture and related services	2,495
14. Engineering	16,535
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	13,910
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10
46. Construction trades	10,445
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10,850
48. Precision production	5,500
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	6,510
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	4,580
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,930
Health and related fields	56,510
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	3,040
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	51,715
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	110
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	1,635
Personal, protective and transportation services	15,385
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	9,810
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	90
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	100
43. Security and protective services	2,560
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,820
Other¹⁷⁹	50
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	395,655
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	136,585
Education	17,925
13. Education	17,925
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	7,835
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	705
50. Visual and performing arts	7,135
Humanities	13,190
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	1,350
23. English language and literature/letters	2,690
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	4,685
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	260
38. Philosophy and religious studies	845
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,420
54. History	1,465
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	475
Social and behavioural sciences and law	30,995
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	685
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	3,260
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	5,415
22. Legal professions and studies	4,730
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	895
42. Psychology	5,235
45. Social sciences	10,775
Business, management and public administration	57,130
30.16 Accounting and computer science	145
44. Public administration and social service professions	4,000
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	52,990
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10,440
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	4,525
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,030
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	440
40. Physical sciences	2,050
41. Science technologies/technicians	395
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15,645
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	13,410
25. Library science	550
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,510
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	180
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	45,295
04. Architecture and related services	2,010
14. Engineering	14,185
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10,105
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10
46. Construction trades	7,595
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	7,560
48. Precision production	3,825
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	5,090
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	3,505
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,585
Health and related fields	44,245
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	2,350
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	40,505
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	85
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	1,305
Personal, protective and transportation services	11,240
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	6,970
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	75
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	55
43. Security and protective services	2,105
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,040
Other¹⁷⁹	30
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	395,655
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	136,585
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	259,065
Location of study inside Canada	188,395
Same as province or territory of residence	165,815
Different than province or territory of residence	22,575
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	70,675
Americas	7,865
United States of America	4,365
Mexico	300
Cuba	70
Haiti	20
Jamaica	265
Brazil	1,205
Colombia	435
Peru	80
Venezuela⁹⁵	55
Other locations of study in Americas	1,065
Europe	6,995
Belgium	80
France	370
Germany	345
Netherlands	100
Switzerland	80
Hungary	45
Moldova¹⁸³	95
Poland	410
Romania	80
Russian Federation	785
Ukraine	1,600
Ireland⁹⁶	150
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,765
Bosnia and Herzegovina	120
Italy	145
Serbia⁸⁶	75
Other locations of study in Europe	765
Africa	6,150
Nigeria	3,200
Algeria	145
Morocco	170
Tunisia	75
Egypt	590
South Africa, Republic of	265
Other locations of study in Africa	1,695
Asia	49,070
Iran⁸⁸	415
Iraq	155
Israel	720
Lebanon	40
Syria⁸⁹	125
Turkey	150
China⁹⁰	3,605
Taiwan	130
Hong Kong⁹¹	420
Japan	210
Korea, South⁹²	1,080
Philippines	24,470
Viet Nam	545
Bangladesh	570
Sri Lanka	295
India	13,665
Pakistan	1,365
Other locations of study in Asia	1,125
Oceania	590
Australia	535
New Zealand	55
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	612,550
In the labour force	402,365
Employed	366,595
Unemployed	35,770
Not in the labour force	210,185
Participation rate	65.7
Employment rate	59.8
Unemployment rate	8.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	612,555
Did not work¹⁸⁶	214,675
Worked	397,870
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	218,230
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	179,640
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	402,365
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	9,690
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	392,680
Employee	352,710
Permanent position	297,890
Temporary position	54,820
Fixed term (1 year or more)	17,825
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	36,995
Self-employed¹⁹²	39,970
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	402,365
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	9,690
All occupations¹⁹¹	392,680
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	3,615
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	69,570
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	28,430
3 Health occupations	35,390
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	53,890
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	11,125
6 Sales and service occupations	102,610
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	64,295
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	4,325
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	19,425
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	402,365
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	9,690
All industries¹⁹¹	392,680
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,340
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	665
22 Utilities	3,435
23 Construction	25,400
31-33 Manufacturing	34,390
41 Wholesale trade	11,145
44-45 Retail trade	43,970
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	27,430
51 Information and cultural industries	7,370
52 Finance and insurance	18,545
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	5,850
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	23,690
55 Management of companies and enterprises	775
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	18,665
61 Educational services	32,785
62 Health care and social assistance	60,445
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	7,945
72 Accommodation and food services	24,925
81 Other services (except public administration)	16,855
91 Public administration	26,050
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	426,270
English	397,295
French	2,255
Non-official language	2,395
Indigenous³⁹	15
Non-Indigenous	2,385
English and French	9,485
English and non-official language(s)	14,345
French and non-official language(s)	35
English, French and non-official language(s)	325
Multiple non-official languages	145
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	426,270
Single responses	421,975
Official languages	417,115
English	412,870
French	4,245
Non-official languages	4,860
Indigenous languages³⁹	105
Algonquian languages	85
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	25
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	25
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	15
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	60
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	35
Ojibway languages	25
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	20
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,760
Afro-Asiatic languages	160
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	20
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	20
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	135
Amharic	15
Arabic	60
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	30
Tigrigna	35
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	215
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	215
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	585
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	575
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	10
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	2,120
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	205
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	200
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	35
Russian	80
Serbo-Croatian	10
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	65
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	60
Frisian	0
High German languages	45
German	45
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	15
Indo-Iranian languages	1,530
Indo-Aryan languages	1,490
Bengali	40
Gujarati	15
Hindi	50
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,360
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	25
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	40
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	35
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	30
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	310
Catalan	0
Italian	10
Portuguese	90
Romanian	0
Spanish	210
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	20
Korean	160
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	25
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	10
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	100
American Sign Language	100
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,345
Chinese languages	1,345
Hakka	0
Mandarin	810
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	530
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	10
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	10
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	4,300
English and French	1,435
English and non-official language(s)	2,795
French and non-official language(s)	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	10
Multiple non-official languages	40
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	426,270
None	405,855
English	4,130
French	6,180
Non-official language	8,600
Indigenous³⁹	285
Non-Indigenous	8,320
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	200
French and non-official language(s)	200
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	1,095
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	366,595
Worked at home	68,960
Worked outside Canada	865
No fixed workplace address	41,355
Usual place of work	255,420
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	255,420
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	236,720
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,530
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	16,010
Commute to a different province or territory	1,165
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	296,775
Car, truck or van	245,055
Car, truck or van - as a driver	217,750
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	27,305
Public transit	27,710
Walked	14,090
Bicycle	3,880
Other method	6,050
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	296,775
Less than 15 minutes	80,145
15 to 29 minutes	135,335
30 to 44 minutes	58,480
45 to 59 minutes	12,270
60 minutes and over	10,540
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	296,775
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	13,930
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	48,035
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	80,580
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	61,385
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	37,505
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	55,335
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	151,665
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,465
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	133,205
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	109,055
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,065
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	9,475
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	4,595
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	94,990

Symbol legend

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2022. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released December 15, 2022.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed February 6, 2023).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Date modified:: 2022-12-06

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