Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Calgary, City (CY)More information: Alberta [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	1,306,784
Population, 2016¹	1,239,220
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.5
Total private dwellings²	531,062
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	502,301
Population density per square kilometre	1,592.4
Land area in square kilometres	820.62
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	1,306,780
0 to 14 years	235,855
0 to 4 years	73,840
5 to 9 years	80,585
10 to 14 years	81,425
15 to 64 years	893,525
15 to 19 years	73,490
20 to 24 years	78,365
25 to 29 years	88,385
30 to 34 years	105,960
35 to 39 years	110,765
40 to 44 years	100,080
45 to 49 years	91,385
50 to 54 years	84,725
55 to 59 years	82,570
60 to 64 years	77,790
65 years and over	177,405
65 to 69 years	62,120
70 to 74 years	46,495
75 to 79 years	28,965
80 to 84 years	19,405
85 years and over	20,420
85 to 89 years	12,620
90 to 94 years	6,225
95 to 99 years	1,375
100 years and over	195
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.0
15 to 64 years	68.4
65 years and over	13.6
85 years and over	1.6
Average age of the population	38.8
Median age of the population	38.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	502,300
Single-detached house	276,050
Semi-detached house	31,660
Row house	48,860
Apartment or flat in a duplex	21,165
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	81,870
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	40,700
Other single-attached house	200
Movable dwelling⁴	1,790
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	502,305
1 person	132,695
2 persons	159,955
3 persons	80,020
4 persons	79,565
5 or more persons	50,070
Number of persons in private households	1,291,770
Average household size	2.6
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	1,070,930
Married or living common-law	624,845
Married	529,175
Living common-law	95,665
Living common law - Never married	73,555
Living common law - Separated	3,080
Living common law - Divorced	17,645
Living common law - Widowed	1,390
Not married and not living common-law	446,090
Not married and not living common law - Never married	313,900
Not married and not living common law - Separated	24,245
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	67,400
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	40,550
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	356,225
2 persons	164,970
3 persons	78,740
4 persons	79,565
5 or more persons	32,950
Average size of census families	3.0
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	356,220
Total couple families	304,050
Married couples	256,225
With children⁶	155,795
Without children	100,430
Common-law couples	47,830
With children⁶	14,805
Without children	33,020
Total one-parent families	52,170
in which the parent is a woman+	40,670
in which the parent is a man+	11,505
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	1,291,770
Total - Persons in census families	1,060,650
Married spouses or common-law partners	608,110
Parents in one-parent families	52,170
Children⁶	400,375
In a two-parent family	319,875
In a one-parent family	80,495
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	231,120
Living alone	132,690
Living with other relatives⁷	34,850
Living with non-relatives only	63,575
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	502,300
One-census-family households without additional persons	302,280
Couple-family households	262,950
With children⁶	147,735
Without children	115,220
One-parent-family households	39,325
Multigenerational households⁸	17,040
Multiple-census-family households⁹	4,035
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	18,975
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	27,275
One-person households	132,690
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	1,056,225
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,003,515
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,004,015
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	909,585
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	761,365
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	880,900
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	115,990
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,800
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	326,795
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	1,056,230
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,003,175
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	64,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,003,685
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,500
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	909,780
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	61,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	761,230
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,450
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	879,935
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,010
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	115,600
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,060
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	325,765
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,350
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	1,056,230
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	356,230
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	72,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	93,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	309,535
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,600
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	1,056,220
Without total income	52,710
With total income	1,003,510
Under $10,000 (including loss)	88,650
$10,000 to $19,999	95,485
$20,000 to $29,999	150,395
$30,000 to $39,999	120,085
$40,000 to $49,999	102,800
$50,000 to $59,999	84,010
$60,000 to $69,999	69,945
$70,000 to $79,999	56,175
$80,000 to $89,999	43,630
$90,000 to $99,999	36,520
$100,000 and over	155,825
$100,000 to $149,999	90,875
$150,000 and over	64,950
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	1,056,220
Without after-tax income	52,205
With after-tax income	1,004,020
Under $10,000 (including loss)	92,205
$10,000 to $19,999	99,660
$20,000 to $29,999	170,545
$30,000 to $39,999	139,800
$40,000 to $49,999	119,345
$50,000 to $59,999	94,265
$60,000 to $69,999	71,155
$70,000 to $79,999	52,530
$80,000 to $89,999	41,555
$90,000 to $99,999	28,220
$100,000 and over	94,730
$100,000 to $124,999	39,250
$125,000 and over	55,485
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	1,056,220
Without employment income	294,855
With employment income	761,365
Under $5,000 (including loss)	93,565
$5,000 to $9,999	61,265
$10,000 to $19,999	84,600
$20,000 to $29,999	65,430
$30,000 to $39,999	62,020
$40,000 to $49,999	60,110
$50,000 to $59,999	56,160
$60,000 to $69,999	50,010
$70,000 to $79,999	40,770
$80,000 to $89,999	33,160
$90,000 to $99,999	29,855
$100,000 and over	124,415
$100,000 to $124,999	49,530
$125,000 and over	74,880
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	1,056,225
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	980,505
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	980,815
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	897,540
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	762,840
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	833,025
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,140
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	70,610
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,600
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	1,056,230
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	980,005
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	64,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	980,295
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	897,990
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	64,500
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	762,865
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	63,450
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	833,205
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,005
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	70,185
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,230
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	1,056,230
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	352,800
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,500
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	91,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	292,225
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	43,240
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	92.0
Employment income (%)	77.0
Government transfers (%)	7.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	502,305
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	98,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	85,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	132,690
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,000
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,000
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	369,610
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	502,305
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	129,000
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	104,900
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	132,725
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	67,900
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	55,300
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	369,575
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	151,000
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	122,700
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	502,305
Under $5,000	5,975
$5,000 to $9,999	2,895
$10,000 to $14,999	3,930
$15,000 to $19,999	5,410
$20,000 to $24,999	14,160
$25,000 to $29,999	14,505
$30,000 to $34,999	12,430
$35,000 to $39,999	14,120
$40,000 to $44,999	15,160
$45,000 to $49,999	15,195
$50,000 to $59,999	30,875
$60,000 to $69,999	31,950
$70,000 to $79,999	31,405
$80,000 to $89,999	29,885
$90,000 to $99,999	28,640
$100,000 and over	245,760
$100,000 to $124,999	61,565
$125,000 to $149,999	47,245
$150,000 to $199,999	61,440
$200,000 and over	75,515
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	502,305
Under $5,000	6,665
$5,000 to $9,999	2,985
$10,000 to $14,999	4,035
$15,000 to $19,999	5,855
$20,000 to $24,999	15,290
$25,000 to $29,999	16,415
$30,000 to $34,999	14,475
$35,000 to $39,999	16,635
$40,000 to $44,999	18,230
$45,000 to $49,999	18,030
$50,000 to $59,999	37,875
$60,000 to $69,999	38,390
$70,000 to $79,999	36,910
$80,000 to $89,999	35,205
$90,000 to $99,999	31,690
$100,000 and over	203,605
$100,000 to $124,999	64,210
$125,000 to $149,999	45,680
$150,000 and over	93,720
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	350,080
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,000
Average family size of economic families	3.1
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	119,715
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	170,690
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	47,790
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	196,265
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	350,020
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	151,600
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,800
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	119,860
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	140,800
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	113,200
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	170,590
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	178,600
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,200
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	47,630
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	89,200
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,600
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	196,265
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	59,850
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,480
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	1,291,770
0 to 17 years	279,980
0 to 5 years	90,035
18 to 64 years	844,490
65 years and over	167,305
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	115,560
0 to 17 years	30,045
0 to 5 years	9,980
18 to 64 years	68,060
65 years and over	17,455
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.0
0 to 17 years (%)	10.7
0 to 5 years (%)	11.1
18 to 64 years (%)	8.1
65 years and over (%)	10.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	1,291,770
0 to 17 years	279,975
0 to 5 years	90,035
18 to 64 years	844,490
65 years and over	167,305
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	74,755
0 to 17 years	16,260
0 to 5 years	5,165
18 to 64 years	52,615
65 years and over	5,885
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.8
0 to 17 years (%)	5.8
0 to 5 years (%)	5.7
18 to 64 years (%)	6.2
65 years and over (%)	3.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	1,291,770
In bottom half of the distribution	567,165
In bottom decile	107,675
In second decile	113,610
In third decile	112,705
In fourth decile	115,075
In fifth decile	118,100
In top half of the distribution	724,605
In sixth decile	122,380
In seventh decile	125,895
In eighth decile	132,170
In ninth decile	145,410
In top decile	198,750
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	1,291,770
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.376
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.471
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.327
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.1
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	1,296,120
English only	1,177,415
French only	825
English and French	85,355
Neither English nor French	32,520
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	1,296,120
English	1,240,980
French	16,810
English and French	6,620
Neither English nor French	31,705
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	1,296,120
Single responses	1,229,455
Official languages	846,405
English	830,305
French	16,100
Non-official languages	383,050
Indigenous languages³⁹	580
Algonquian languages	415
Blackfoot	175
Cree-Innu languages	185
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	185
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	50
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10
Cree, n.o.s.	125
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5
Mi'kmaq	5
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	55
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	45
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	20
Ojibway, n.o.s.	30
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	50
Northern Athabaskan languages	45
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	10
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	20
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	5
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	5
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	10
Salish languages	5
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	80
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	15
Stoney	60
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5
Tsimshian languages	5
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	5
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10
Non-Indigenous languages	382,470
Afro-Asiatic languages	34,290
Berber languages	125
Kabyle	90
Tamazight	30
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5
Chadic languages	40
Hausa	40
Mina	0
Coptic	30
Cushitic languages	3,165
Bilen	170
Oromo	1,370
Somali	1,600
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	25
Semitic languages	30,935
Amharic	4,460
Arabic	20,395
Aramaic languages	635
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	325
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	215
Aramaic, n.o.s.	95
Harari	40
Hebrew	455
Maltese	15
Tigrigna	4,890
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	35
Austro-Asiatic languages	13,755
Khmer (Cambodian)	795
Vietnamese	12,855
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	110
Austronesian languages	51,040
Bikol	195
Bisaya, n.o.s.	865
Cebuano	1,840
Fijian	45
Hiligaynon	955
Ilocano	3,435
Indonesian	665
Kankanaey	190
Kinaray-a	85
Malagasy languages	30
Merina	5
Malagasy, n.o.s.	25
Malay	135
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	460
Pangasinan	195
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	41,375
Waray-Waray	155
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	420
Creole languages	560
Haitian Creole	165
Jamaican English Creole	15
Krio	55
Morisyen	95
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	145
Creole languages, n.i.e.	80
Dravidian languages	6,430
Kannada	355
Malayalam	2,655
Tamil	2,095
Telugu	1,255
Tulu	50
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	20
Georgian	120
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	182,725
Albanian	1,330
Armenian	260
Balto-Slavic languages	27,355
Baltic languages	435
Latvian	170
Lithuanian	270
Slavic languages	26,925
Belarusian	20
Bulgarian	785
Czech	1,190
Macedonian	135
Polish	6,845
Russian	9,460
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	4,440
Bosnian	780
Croatian	1,755
Serbian	1,830
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	75
Slovak	940
Slovene (Slovenian)	195
Ukrainian	2,900
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10
Celtic languages	100
Irish	30
Scottish Gaelic	20
Welsh	40
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10
Germanic languages	12,360
Frisian	30
High German languages	7,370
German	7,100
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	210
Yiddish	55
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	3,940
Afrikaans	905
Dutch	2,750
Low German, n.o.s.	20
Low Saxon	10
Plautdietsch	180
Vlaams (Flemish)	70
Scandinavian languages	1,000
Danish	560
Icelandic	40
Norwegian	165
Swedish	235
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	25
Greek	1,385
Indo-Iranian languages	98,325
Indo-Aryan languages	85,530
Assamese	45
Bengali	4,350
Gujarati	6,290
Hindi	7,905
Kacchi	1,030
Kashmiri	75
Konkani	160
Marathi	980
Nepali	2,195
Oriya languages	95
Odia	55
Oriya, n.o.s.	40
Punjabi (Panjabi)	43,685
Rohingya	25
Sindhi	285
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	960
Urdu	16,835
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	625
Iranian languages	12,760
Baluchi	50
Kurdish	1,055
Parsi	20
Pashto	1,960
Persian languages	9,625
Dari	2,800
Iranian Persian	5,565
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,255
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	55
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	30
Italic (Romance) languages	41,550
Catalan	45
Italian	4,100
Portuguese	4,065
Romanian	4,155
Spanish	29,175
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	55
Japanese	2,195
Korean	10,205
Mongolian	450
Niger-Congo languages	5,870
Akan (Twi)	620
Bamanankan	10
Edo	90
Éwé	50
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	80
Ga	35
Ganda	60
Gikuyu	55
Igbo	730
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	190
Lingala	55
Luba-Kasai	25
Mòoré	0
Mwani	115
Ndebele	85
Rundi (Kirundi)	140
Shona	290
Soninke	10
Sotho-Tswana languages	35
Swahili	725
Wojenaka	5
Wolof	80
Yoruba	1,685
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	700
Nilo-Saharan languages	1,270
Dinka	535
Nuer	375
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	305
African, n.o.s.	55
Sign languages	230
American Sign Language	185
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	45
Sino-Tibetan languages	67,255
Chinese languages	65,980
Hakka	280
Mandarin	31,270
Min Dong	30
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,205
Wu (Shanghainese)	250
Yue (Cantonese)	32,065
Chinese, n.o.s.	840
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,235
Burmese	255
Kuki-Chin languages	90
Karenic languages	220
S'gaw Karen	170
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	55
Tibetan	635
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	35
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	45
Tai-Kadai languages	1,070
Lao	415
Thai	620
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	35
Turkic languages	1,870
Azerbaijani	240
Kazakh	55
Turkish	1,340
Uyghur	65
Uzbek	95
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	65
Uralic languages	3,070
Estonian	70
Finnish	240
Hungarian	2,765
Other languages, n.i.e.	60
Multiple responses	66,660
English and French	5,245
English and non-official language(s)	53,970
French and non-official language(s)	1,145
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,015
Multiple non-official languages	5,295
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	1,296,120
English	858,205
French	3,800
Non-official language	119,530
Indigenous³⁹	45
Non-Indigenous	119,485
English and French	12,035
English and non-official language(s)	283,170
French and non-official language(s)	525
English, French and non-official language(s)	6,990
Multiple non-official languages	11,860
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	1,296,120
Single responses	1,226,245
Official languages	983,495
English	977,675
French	5,820
Non-official languages	242,750
Indigenous languages³⁹	105
Algonquian languages	65
Blackfoot	35
Cree-Innu languages	25
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	25
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5
Cree, n.o.s.	15
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	10
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	10
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	5
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	5
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	20
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	20
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	242,650
Afro-Asiatic languages	21,960
Berber languages	45
Kabyle	35
Tamazight	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5
Chadic languages	25
Hausa	25
Mina	0
Coptic	15
Cushitic languages	2,135
Bilen	130
Oromo	995
Somali	1,010
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	19,740
Amharic	2,800
Arabic	12,395
Aramaic languages	485
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	250
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	150
Aramaic, n.o.s.	85
Harari	25
Hebrew	235
Maltese	5
Tigrigna	3,765
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25
Austro-Asiatic languages	9,355
Khmer (Cambodian)	430
Vietnamese	8,840
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	80
Austronesian languages	32,480
Bikol	75
Bisaya, n.o.s.	470
Cebuano	1,090
Fijian	10
Hiligaynon	520
Ilocano	2,135
Indonesian	225
Kankanaey	110
Kinaray-a	50
Malagasy languages	15
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15
Malay	40
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	240
Pangasinan	50
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	27,210
Waray-Waray	70
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	180
Creole languages	325
Haitian Creole	115
Jamaican English Creole	10
Krio	20
Morisyen	70
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	70
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35
Dravidian languages	4,160
Kannada	190
Malayalam	1,785
Tamil	1,395
Telugu	760
Tulu	30
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10
Georgian	75
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	112,245
Albanian	610
Armenian	140
Balto-Slavic languages	12,980
Baltic languages	195
Latvian	70
Lithuanian	120
Slavic languages	12,790
Belarusian	10
Bulgarian	360
Czech	345
Macedonian	70
Polish	2,795
Russian	6,055
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	1,860
Bosnian	315
Croatian	650
Serbian	895
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10
Slovak	350
Slovene (Slovenian)	35
Ukrainian	905
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	15
Irish	5
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5
Germanic languages	1,535
Frisian	5
High German languages	665
German	640
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	20
Yiddish	10
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	725
Afrikaans	435
Dutch	275
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20
Scandinavian languages	130
Danish	40
Icelandic	10
Norwegian	15
Swedish	70
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	430
Indo-Iranian languages	73,220
Indo-Aryan languages	64,720
Assamese	20
Bengali	2,905
Gujarati	4,045
Hindi	5,165
Kacchi	565
Kashmiri	50
Konkani	70
Marathi	565
Nepali	1,565
Oriya languages	40
Odia	25
Oriya, n.o.s.	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	36,445
Rohingya	10
Sindhi	165
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	520
Urdu	12,250
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	340
Iranian languages	8,490
Baluchi	30
Kurdish	735
Parsi	10
Pashto	1,215
Persian languages	6,470
Dari	1,710
Iranian Persian	3,900
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	860
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15
Italic (Romance) languages	23,265
Catalan	25
Italian	945
Portuguese	2,220
Romanian	1,980
Spanish	18,095
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	40
Japanese	1,075
Korean	7,740
Mongolian	305
Niger-Congo languages	2,045
Akan (Twi)	315
Bamanankan	0
Edo	5
Éwé	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	45
Ga	15
Ganda	15
Gikuyu	10
Igbo	195
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	80
Lingala	35
Luba-Kasai	10
Mòoré	0
Mwani	20
Ndebele	40
Rundi (Kirundi)	55
Shona	85
Soninke	10
Sotho-Tswana languages	5
Swahili	275
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	50
Yoruba	615
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	150
Nilo-Saharan languages	700
Dinka	325
Nuer	255
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	120
African, n.o.s.	5
Sign languages	380
American Sign Language	295
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	80
Sino-Tibetan languages	47,145
Chinese languages	46,220
Hakka	80
Mandarin	23,495
Min Dong	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	460
Wu (Shanghainese)	150
Yue (Cantonese)	21,510
Chinese, n.o.s.	500
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	15
Tibeto-Burman languages	910
Burmese	160
Kuki-Chin languages	85
Karenic languages	165
S'gaw Karen	125
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	40
Tibetan	485
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10
Tai-Kadai languages	435
Lao	175
Thai	240
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	25
Turkic languages	1,135
Azerbaijani	120
Kazakh	15
Turkish	910
Uyghur	35
Uzbek	40
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25
Uralic languages	1,065
Estonian	5
Finnish	35
Hungarian	1,025
Other languages, n.i.e.	25
Multiple responses	69,870
English and French	2,485
English and non-official language(s)	64,950
French and non-official language(s)	240
English, French and non-official language(s)	640
Multiple non-official languages	1,550
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	1,296,115
None	1,038,845
English	97,335
French	9,450
Non-official language	116,850
Indigenous³⁹	600
Non-Indigenous	116,250
English and French	1,235
English and non-official language(s)	15,885
French and non-official language(s)	3,285
English, French and non-official language(s)	190
Multiple non-official languages	13,040
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	1,291,770
Official languages	1,259,370
English	1,258,480
French	86,135
Non-official languages	518,025
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,600
Algonquian languages	1,045
Blackfoot	460
Cree-Innu languages	520
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	520
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	25
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	220
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	25
Cree, n.o.s.	235
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	25
Mi'kmaq	25
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	120
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	120
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	15
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	55
Ojibway, n.o.s.	50
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	225
Northern Athabaskan languages	215
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	25
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	10
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	170
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	10
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	35
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	35
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	15
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	15
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	30
Salish languages	20
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	215
Assiniboine	15
Dakota	20
Stoney	170
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	35
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	15
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	20
Non-Indigenous languages	516,570
Afro-Asiatic languages	52,310
Berber languages	275
Kabyle	165
Tamazight	80
Berber languages, n.i.e.	25
Chadic languages	350
Hausa	340
Mina	0
Coptic	85
Cushitic languages	4,685
Bilen	235
Oromo	2,085
Somali	2,420
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15
Semitic languages	48,400
Amharic	8,360
Arabic	33,325
Aramaic languages	820
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	345
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	370
Aramaic, n.o.s.	120
Harari	80
Hebrew	1,975
Maltese	30
Tigrigna	7,570
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	125
Austro-Asiatic languages	19,430
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,135
Vietnamese	18,090
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	270
Austronesian languages	70,310
Bikol	505
Bisaya, n.o.s.	1,065
Cebuano	3,285
Fijian	90
Hiligaynon	1,265
Ilocano	6,395
Indonesian	1,175
Kankanaey	250
Kinaray-a	85
Malagasy languages	40
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	30
Malay	780
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,130
Pangasinan	460
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	66,715
Waray-Waray	390
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,700
Creole languages	1,915
Haitian Creole	540
Jamaican English Creole	135
Krio	125
Morisyen	355
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	475
Creole languages, n.i.e.	470
Dravidian languages	10,080
Kannada	1,075
Malayalam	3,775
Tamil	4,200
Telugu	2,335
Tulu	70
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	25
Georgian	220
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	257,340
Albanian	1,825
Armenian	460
Balto-Slavic languages	34,205
Baltic languages	485
Latvian	155
Lithuanian	330
Slavic languages	33,920
Belarusian	85
Bulgarian	985
Czech	1,940
Macedonian	290
Polish	8,485
Russian	14,155
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	6,010
Bosnian	1,560
Croatian	3,010
Serbian	2,905
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	120
Slovak	1,295
Slovene (Slovenian)	280
Ukrainian	4,265
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	435
Irish	205
Scottish Gaelic	85
Welsh	135
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15
Germanic languages	21,235
Frisian	55
High German languages	14,220
German	13,950
Pennsylvania German	10
Swiss German	350
Yiddish	110
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5,870
Afrikaans	1,785
Dutch	3,780
Low German, n.o.s.	40
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	230
Vlaams (Flemish)	125
Scandinavian languages	1,920
Danish	940
Icelandic	50
Norwegian	380
Swedish	630
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15
Greek	2,155
Indo-Iranian languages	132,795
Indo-Aryan languages	118,560
Assamese	80
Bengali	6,005
Gujarati	10,800
Hindi	42,160
Kacchi	2,245
Kashmiri	190
Konkani	425
Marathi	2,245
Nepali	2,880
Oriya languages	105
Odia	15
Oriya, n.o.s.	85
Punjabi (Panjabi)	61,205
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	630
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,330
Urdu	29,980
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	1,355
Iranian languages	16,480
Baluchi	65
Kurdish	1,360
Parsi	10
Pashto	2,930
Persian languages	12,595
Dari	4,430
Iranian Persian	6,735
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,605
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	160
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	165
Italic (Romance) languages	71,550
Catalan	100
Italian	8,730
Portuguese	6,170
Romanian	5,390
Spanish	54,235
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	120
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	145
Japanese	4,845
Korean	11,695
Mongolian	640
Niger-Congo languages	16,975
Akan (Twi)	1,270
Bamanankan	35
Edo	310
Éwé	100
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	170
Ga	275
Ganda	110
Gikuyu	155
Igbo	2,800
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	295
Lingala	395
Luba-Kasai	75
Mòoré	15
Mwani	255
Ndebele	125
Rundi (Kirundi)	145
Shona	580
Soninke	20
Sotho-Tswana languages	120
Swahili	3,220
Wojenaka	35
Wolof	230
Yoruba	5,915
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,355
Nilo-Saharan languages	1,815
Dinka	815
Nuer	440
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	575
African, n.o.s.	170
Sign languages	1,775
American Sign Language	1,495
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	335
Sino-Tibetan languages	81,025
Chinese languages	79,265
Hakka	390
Mandarin	45,330
Min Dong	35
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	2,295
Wu (Shanghainese)	335
Yue (Cantonese)	42,090
Chinese, n.o.s.	840
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,785
Burmese	495
Kuki-Chin languages	120
Karenic languages	365
S'gaw Karen	295
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	85
Tibetan	765
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	155
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	105
Tai-Kadai languages	1,640
Lao	595
Thai	1,160
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	60
Turkic languages	3,420
Azerbaijani	550
Kazakh	170
Turkish	2,530
Uyghur	110
Uzbek	180
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	105
Uralic languages	3,760
Estonian	125
Finnish	360
Hungarian	3,290
Other languages, n.i.e.	485
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,291,770
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	41,350
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	39,720
First Nations (North American Indian)	18,440
Métis	20,855
Inuk (Inuit)	430
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	865
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	765
Non-Indigenous identity	1,250,420
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,291,770
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	14,405
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,277,370
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	502,305
Owner	345,690
Renter	156,615
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	502,305
Condominium	124,190
Not condominium	378,115
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	502,305
No bedrooms	2,920
1 bedroom	59,385
2 bedrooms	116,625
3 bedrooms	167,895
4 or more bedrooms	155,480
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	502,305
1 to 4 rooms	153,485
5 rooms	78,585
6 rooms	69,385
7 rooms	59,530
8 or more rooms	141,320
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	502,305
One person or fewer per room	486,420
More than one person per room	15,885
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	502,305
Suitable	476,790
Not suitable	25,515
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	502,305
1960 or before	43,855
1961 to 1980	133,035
1981 to 1990	59,780
1991 to 2000	75,685
2001 to 2005	50,390
2006 to 2010	47,665
2011 to 2015	45,850
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	46,045
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	502,305
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	479,525
Major repairs needed	22,780
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	502,305
One-maintainer household	242,815
Two-maintainer household	228,860
Three-or-more-maintainer household	30,630
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	502,305
15 to 24 years	13,825
25 to 34 years	83,280
35 to 44 years	110,705
45 to 54 years	100,130
55 to 64 years	93,305
65 to 74 years	62,865
75 to 84 years	27,860
85 years and over	10,340
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	499,855
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	385,380
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	114,470
30% to less than 100%	102,665
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	502,305
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	150,520
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	103,650
Not suitable only	19,875
Major repairs needed only	14,995
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	4,215
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	6,360
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	1,170
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	250
Acceptable housing	351,785
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	488,040
In core need	49,860
Not in core need	438,185
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	345,680
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	65.2
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	17.7
% in core housing need⁶³	5.6
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,720
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,774
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	456,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	519,500
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	156,615
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.0
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	34.4
% in core housing need⁶³	20.6
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,350
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,404
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	1,291,770
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	14,495
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	14,125
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	10,035
Métis single ancestry	3,975
Inuit single ancestry	115
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	370
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	355
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	34,850
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	33,825
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	19,015
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	14,490
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	320
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	1,030
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	935
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	1,242,425
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	1,291,770
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	1,131,540
Canadian citizens aged under 18	257,900
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	873,645
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	160,225
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	1,291,770
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	834,100
Immigrants⁸¹	430,640
Before 1980	48,430
1980 to 1990	40,330
1991 to 2000	61,465
2001 to 2010	117,055
2011 to 2021⁸²	163,365
2011 to 2015	82,050
2016 to 2021	81,315
Non-permanent residents⁸³	27,025
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	430,640
Under 5 years	37,050
5 to 14 years	71,460
15 to 24 years	74,550
25 to 44 years	204,525
45 years and over	43,060
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	430,640
Americas	44,125
Brazil	2,010
Colombia	5,865
El Salvador	2,425
Guyana	740
Haiti	510
Jamaica	3,135
Mexico	4,895
Peru	1,070
Trinidad and Tobago	1,315
United States of America	10,895
Other places of birth in Americas	11,260
Europe	68,740
Bosnia and Herzegovina	2,000
Croatia	1,330
France	1,265
Germany	4,685
Greece	865
Hungary	1,550
Italy	3,075
Netherlands	2,620
Poland	5,890
Portugal	990
Romania	4,025
Russian Federation	4,210
Serbia⁸⁶	980
Ukraine	3,035
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20,420
Other places of birth in Europe	11,795
Africa	51,610
Algeria	630
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	855
Egypt	3,320
Eritrea	4,720
Ethiopia	7,090
Morocco	870
Nigeria	12,450
Somalia	1,580
South Africa, Republic of	3,095
Other places of birth in Africa	17,005
Asia	262,700
Afghanistan	3,980
Iran⁸⁸	5,515
Iraq	3,935
Lebanon	4,095
Syria⁸⁹	4,340
Turkey	1,085
China⁹⁰	36,245
Hong Kong⁹¹	10,775
Korea, South⁹²	8,215
Taiwan	2,110
Philippines	65,430
Viet Nam	15,395
Bangladesh	3,510
India	56,510
Pakistan	18,375
Sri Lanka	1,820
Other places of birth in Asia	21,375
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	3,470
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	81,315
Americas	7,550
Brazil	840
Colombia	615
Haiti	105
Jamaica	475
Mexico	1,265
United States of America	2,130
Venezuela⁹⁵	885
Other places of birth in Americas	1,245
Europe	6,505
France	200
Germany	225
Ireland⁹⁶	470
Italy	260
Russian Federation	635
Ukraine	680
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,420
Other places of birth in Europe	2,615
Africa	15,065
Algeria	60
Burundi	40
Cameroon	380
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	155
Côte d'Ivoire	55
Egypt	595
Eritrea	2,525
Ethiopia	1,845
Morocco	210
Nigeria	5,885
Somalia	310
South Africa, Republic of	650
Sudan⁹⁷	445
Tunisia	95
Other places of birth in Africa	1,815
Asia	51,570
Afghanistan	845
Bangladesh	630
China⁹⁰	5,520
Hong Kong⁹¹	310
India	14,070
Iran⁸⁸	865
Iraq	945
Israel	340
Japan	170
Jordan	165
Korea, South⁹²	1,740
Lebanon	425
Nepal	460
Pakistan	2,315
Philippines	15,485
Saudi Arabia	265
Sri Lanka	145
Syria⁸⁹	3,070
Turkey	405
United Arab Emirates	360
Viet Nam	955
Other places of birth in Asia	2,090
Oceania and other⁹³	620
Australia	435
Other places of birth⁹⁸	185
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	1,291,770
First generation¹⁰⁰	471,470
Second generation¹⁰¹	281,465
Third generation or more¹⁰²	538,830
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	382,215
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	215,420
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	88,050
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	127,375
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	107,140
Refugees¹⁰⁸	55,735
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	3,920
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	382,215
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	13,615
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	46,635
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	9,450
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	22,045
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	1,375
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	289,095
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	1,291,770
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	534,695
South Asian	141,660
Chinese	91,410
Black	70,680
Filipino	84,215
Arab	30,735
Latin American	31,855
Southeast Asian	26,395
West Asian	15,150
Korean	12,380
Japanese	5,825
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	5,445
Multiple visible minorities	18,955
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	757,075
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	1,291,770
Canadian	125,490
English	205,980
Irish	153,865
Scottish	177,490
French, n.o.s.¹²²	79,635
German	146,970
Chinese	96,180
Italian	36,235
Indian (India)	71,115
Ukrainian	69,030
Dutch	38,505
Polish	42,735
Québécois	1,580
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	41,520
Filipino	79,200
French Canadian	9,130
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	20,860
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	12,415
Métis	19,805
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	22,790
Russian	28,470
Norwegian	32,675
Welsh	21,030
Portuguese	6,770
American	18,030
Spanish	17,085
Swedish	20,940
Hungarian	16,335
Acadian	2,935
Pakistani	22,800
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	13,470
Jewish	6,595
Punjabi	18,050
Vietnamese	21,145
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	10,585
Greek	5,540
Jamaican	5,860
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	14,510
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	5,915
Korean	12,445
Romanian	10,540
Lebanese	11,360
Iranian	6,105
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	4,815
Danish	14,575
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	4,225
Sikh	14,120
Austrian	10,255
Belgian	5,295
Haitian	930
Hindu	8,550
Mexican	7,685
Mennonite	3,750
Swiss	5,765
Finnish	5,250
Sri Lankan	1,865
Croatian	5,170
Japanese	7,785
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	4,655
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	1,330
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	6,340
Muslim	6,060
Egyptian	4,610
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	5,960
Tamil	1,370
Icelandic	6,025
Colombian	6,420
Moroccan	880
Czech	6,295
Syrian	4,215
Guyanese	1,210
Afghan	6,465
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	2,530
Serbian	3,125
Ojibway	1,165
Newfoundlander	1,500
Hong Konger	3,940
Ontarian	1,030
Persian	2,700
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	1,495
Turkish	2,610
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	520
Bangladeshi	3,570
Algerian	645
Brazilian	2,555
Nigerian	8,120
Armenian	925
Slovak	3,520
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	2,620
Somali	2,830
Taiwanese	2,120
Iraqi	3,035
Salvadorean	2,325
African Caribbean	930
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	3,670
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	2,645
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	1,330
Algonquin	380
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	835
Lithuanian	2,015
South African	2,915
Australian	3,060
Palestinian	1,675
Chilean	2,925
Congolese	1,045
Nova Scotian	850
Ethiopian	6,695
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	2,920
Peruvian	1,450
Yoruba	5,200
Cambodian (Khmer)	1,960
Berber	405
Albanian	1,870
Maltese	505
Macedonian	385
Slovenian	1,445
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	1,960
New Brunswicker	410
Gujarati	1,665
Eritrean	5,320
African Canadian	940
Israeli	1,095
Mohawk	500
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	1,685
Bulgarian	1,305
Albertan	5,465
Ghanaian	1,405
Barbadian	640
African American	935
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	1,030
Tunisian	300
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	1,305
Cuban	830
Bosnian	1,870
Venezuelan	3,025
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	30
Latvian	1,025
Bengali	1,200
Cameroonian	930
Guatemalan	1,200
Indonesian	1,555
Laotian	1,015
Ilocano	2,575
Northern Irish	920
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	805
British Columbian	520
Ecuadorian	405
Franco Ontarian	125
Argentinian	1,050
Estonian	980
Kurdish	1,060
Fijian	1,145
Jatt	1,410
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	645
Coptic	440
Thai	1,185
Dominican	405
Nepali	2,255
Kabyle	95
Assyrian	420
Igbo	3,150
Byelorussian	730
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	215
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	1,580
Abenaki	50
Moldovan	990
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	245
New Zealander	1,095
Sudanese	2,480
Breton	40
Pennsylvania Dutch	350
Malaysian	1,175
Plains Cree	200
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	420
Huron (Wendat)	80
Saskatchewanian	1,150
Buddhist	1,010
Gaspesian	10
Norman	145
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	1,270
Ivorian	210
Saulteaux	280
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	160
Burundian	150
Tigrinya	2,240
Nicaraguan	800
Mauritian	450
Kenyan	1,050
Oji-Cree	20
Vincentian	175
Jordanian	445
Manitoban	460
Cape Bretoner	175
Rwandan	280
Grenadian	225
Malayali	665
Chaldean	165
Sinhalese	555
Mayan	575
Honduran	340
Cherokee	545
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	110
Indo-Caribbean	140
Flemish	420
United Empire Loyalist	180
Senegalese	140
Azerbaijani	670
Sicilian	110
Pashtun	820
Malay	790
Goan	350
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	330
Tibetan	790
Zimbabwean	660
Burmese	540
Mongolian	985
Azorean	70
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	105
Indo-Guyanese	80
Ugandan	300
Oromo	1,560
Tanzanian	795
Yemeni	555
Central African	70
Libyan	445
Basque	175
Uruguayan	85
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	295
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	345
Igorot	1,195
Fulani	65
Woodland Cree	70
Guinean	155
St. Lucian	230
Prince Edward Islander	215
Maliseet	25
Beninese	145
Telugu	255
Roma	200
Costa Rican	180
African Nova Scotian	85
Malagasy	35
Kashmiri	820
Singaporean	325
Karen	390
Edo	605
Tajik	280
Amhara	810
Paraguayan	100
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	1,291,770
Buddhist	20,855
Christian	575,250
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	121,585
Anabaptist	2,100
Anglican	27,005
Baptist	10,875
Catholic	262,720
Christian Orthodox	24,020
Jehovah's Witness	5,160
Latter Day Saints	9,895
Lutheran	14,005
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	2,570
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	14,690
Presbyterian	8,330
Reformed	1,250
United Church	37,055
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	33,980
Hindu	33,450
Jewish	6,390
Muslim	95,925
Sikh	49,465
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	1,370
Other religions and spiritual traditions	9,695
No religion and secular perspectives	499,375
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	1,277,835
Non-movers	1,101,965
Movers	175,865
Non-migrants	132,940
Migrants	42,925
Internal migrants	29,285
Intraprovincial migrants	13,780
Interprovincial migrants	15,505
External migrants	13,640
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	1,217,975
Non-movers	707,190
Movers	510,785
Non-migrants	333,555
Migrants	177,230
Internal migrants	103,835
Intraprovincial migrants	52,115
Interprovincial migrants	51,725
External migrants	73,395
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,056,230
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	149,010
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	907,215
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	737,750
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	65,615
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	672,130
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,056,230
No certificate, diploma or degree	134,565
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	273,135
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	648,530
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	271,085
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	62,155
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	22,795
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	39,360
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	172,905
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	36,020
Bachelor's degree or higher	377,450
Bachelor's degree	258,985
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	19,835
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	9,365
Master's degree	77,600
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	11,670
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	737,750
No certificate, diploma or degree	56,150
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	158,090
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	523,505
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	207,210
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	46,300
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	16,310
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	29,990
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	132,925
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	27,990
Bachelor's degree or higher	316,295
Bachelor's degree	215,545
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15,980
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	8,070
Master's degree	67,610
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	9,100
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	1,056,230
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	407,695
Education	37,900
13. Education	37,900
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	20,300
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,095
50. Visual and performing arts	18,205
Humanities	29,295
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	3,420
23. English language and literature/letters	6,610
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10,070
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	455
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,925
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,775
54. History	3,320
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	720
Social and behavioural sciences and law	72,710
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,020
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	9,885
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	7,890
22. Legal professions and studies	13,435
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	1,430
42. Psychology	11,935
45. Social sciences	27,130
Business, management and public administration	151,340
30.16 Accounting and computer science	145
44. Public administration and social service professions	7,190
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	144,000
Physical and life sciences and technologies	35,280
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	11,915
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	7,125
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	560
40. Physical sciences	14,385
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,295
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	32,775
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	27,025
25. Library science	1,385
27. Mathematics and statistics	3,675
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	685
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	141,165
04. Architecture and related services	5,715
14. Engineering	60,975
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	30,160
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	20
46. Construction trades	20,365
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	15,535
48. Precision production	8,400
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10,880
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	6,525
03. Natural resources and conservation	4,350
Health and related fields	91,710
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	7,380
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	81,445
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	150
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	2,740
Personal, protective and transportation services	24,990
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	16,005
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	105
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	125
43. Security and protective services	4,485
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,270
Other¹⁷⁹	180
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	737,745
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	214,245
Education	27,425
13. Education	27,425
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	16,520
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,595
50. Visual and performing arts	14,920
Humanities	23,385
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	2,795
23. English language and literature/letters	5,440
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	8,205
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	340
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,575
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,930
54. History	2,585
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	515
Social and behavioural sciences and law	60,535
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	870
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	8,695
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,225
22. Legal professions and studies	11,170
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	1,180
42. Psychology	9,685
45. Social sciences	22,700
Business, management and public administration	124,905
30.16 Accounting and computer science	105
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,835
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	118,970
Physical and life sciences and technologies	27,230
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	9,575
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	5,600
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	465
40. Physical sciences	10,735
41. Science technologies/technicians	860
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	28,300
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	24,085
25. Library science	900
27. Mathematics and statistics	2,765
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	555
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	113,170
04. Architecture and related services	4,610
14. Engineering	51,005
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	24,030
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	15
46. Construction trades	15,725
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	11,690
48. Precision production	6,095
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	8,820
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	5,000
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,820
Health and related fields	73,600
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	5,910
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	65,330
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	130
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	2,240
Personal, protective and transportation services	19,480
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	12,230
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	80
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	50
43. Security and protective services	3,695
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,425
Other¹⁷⁹	140
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	737,745
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	214,245
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	523,510
Location of study inside Canada	372,000
Same as province or territory of residence	267,640
Different than province or territory of residence	104,355
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	151,510
Americas	24,755
United States of America	14,510
Mexico	2,085
Cuba	235
Haiti	75
Jamaica	400
Brazil	1,555
Colombia	2,015
Peru	365
Venezuela⁹⁵	1,780
Other locations of study in Americas	1,735
Europe	25,250
Belgium	170
France	1,155
Germany	925
Netherlands	600
Switzerland	280
Hungary	330
Moldova¹⁸³	570
Poland	1,375
Romania	1,725
Russian Federation	2,065
Ukraine	1,465
Ireland⁹⁶	855
United Kingdom⁸⁷	9,355
Bosnia and Herzegovina	280
Italy	315
Serbia⁸⁶	360
Other locations of study in Europe	3,420
Africa	12,240
Nigeria	4,635
Algeria	330
Morocco	380
Tunisia	180
Egypt	1,610
South Africa, Republic of	1,315
Other locations of study in Africa	3,795
Asia	86,450
Iran⁸⁸	2,105
Iraq	895
Israel	385
Lebanon	590
Syria⁸⁹	730
Turkey	385
China⁹⁰	10,965
Taiwan	565
Hong Kong⁹¹	790
Japan	995
Korea, South⁹²	3,715
Philippines	28,045
Viet Nam	810
Bangladesh	1,360
Sri Lanka	455
India	23,485
Pakistan	6,015
Other locations of study in Asia	4,170
Oceania	2,815
Australia	2,225
New Zealand	480
Other locations of study in Oceania	105
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	1,056,230
In the labour force	730,055
Employed	638,645
Unemployed	91,405
Not in the labour force	326,175
Participation rate	69.1
Employment rate	60.5
Unemployment rate	12.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	1,056,230
Did not work¹⁸⁶	350,820
Worked	705,410
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	370,495
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	334,920
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	730,050
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25,210
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	704,840
Employee	596,075
Permanent position	498,865
Temporary position	97,210
Fixed term (1 year or more)	33,010
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	64,200
Self-employed¹⁹²	108,770
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	730,050
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25,210
All occupations¹⁹¹	704,840
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	8,910
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	135,315
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	83,405
3 Health occupations	58,670
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	77,125
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	20,330
6 Sales and service occupations	175,295
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	115,655
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	10,185
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	19,960
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	730,050
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25,210
All industries¹⁹¹	704,840
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,635
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	32,410
22 Utilities	8,485
23 Construction	58,805
31-33 Manufacturing	33,130
41 Wholesale trade	22,295
44-45 Retail trade	80,115
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	46,840
51 Information and cultural industries	12,790
52 Finance and insurance	26,450
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	14,175
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	83,970
55 Management of companies and enterprises	2,240
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	31,495
61 Educational services	46,695
62 Health care and social assistance	90,910
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	14,470
72 Accommodation and food services	42,785
81 Other services (except public administration)	29,975
91 Public administration	24,185
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	764,085
English	720,920
French	1,020
Non-official language	6,605
Indigenous³⁹	10
Non-Indigenous	6,600
English and French	6,415
English and non-official language(s)	27,865
French and non-official language(s)	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	665
Multiple non-official languages	570
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	764,085
Single responses	757,765
Official languages	745,365
English	743,325
French	2,040
Non-official languages	12,400
Indigenous languages³⁹	10
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	10
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	10
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,390
Afro-Asiatic languages	450
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	15
Bilen	0
Oromo	10
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	430
Amharic	35
Arabic	315
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	70
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	800
Khmer (Cambodian)	10
Vietnamese	780
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	535
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	55
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	480
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	30
Kannada	0
Malayalam	10
Tamil	15
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	4,915
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	425
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	425
Bulgarian	10
Czech	10
Macedonian	0
Polish	130
Russian	175
Serbo-Croatian	60
Bosnian	25
Croatian	0
Serbian	25
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	30
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	95
Frisian	0
High German languages	70
German	70
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	10
Indo-Iranian languages	3,090
Indo-Aryan languages	2,955
Bengali	0
Gujarati	70
Hindi	110
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	30
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,505
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	225
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	135
Kurdish	0
Pashto	10
Persian languages	125
Dari	30
Iranian Persian	90
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,285
Catalan	0
Italian	15
Portuguese	75
Romanian	40
Spanish	1,150
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10
Japanese	105
Korean	775
Mongolian	15
Niger-Congo languages	20
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	35
American Sign Language	30
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,560
Chinese languages	4,540
Hakka	0
Mandarin	1,910
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	2,595
Chinese, n.o.s.	35
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25
Burmese	10
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	50
Lao	15
Thai	35
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	55
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	55
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	35
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	35
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	6,320
English and French	805
English and non-official language(s)	5,280
French and non-official language(s)	30
English, French and non-official language(s)	75
Multiple non-official languages	130
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	764,085
None	734,060
English	5,720
French	4,720
Non-official language	16,030
Indigenous³⁹	90
Non-Indigenous	15,945
English and French	15
English and non-official language(s)	640
French and non-official language(s)	440
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	2,460
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	638,645
Worked at home	182,015
Worked outside Canada	2,460
No fixed workplace address	89,650
Usual place of work	364,515
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	364,520
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	332,545
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	22,900
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	5,875
Commute to a different province or territory	3,200
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	454,170
Car, truck or van	378,085
Car, truck or van - as a driver	350,765
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	27,315
Public transit	39,905
Walked	19,195
Bicycle	3,955
Other method	13,035
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	454,170
Less than 15 minutes	97,610
15 to 29 minutes	213,150
30 to 44 minutes	99,695
45 to 59 minutes	20,845
60 minutes and over	22,870
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	454,170
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	28,655
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	79,585
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	116,785
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	86,045
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	67,250
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	75,850
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	285,180
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,385
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	264,795
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	205,680
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,120
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	7,850
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	7,275
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	190,560

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 22, 2025).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2024-08-02

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