Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	West Vancouver, District municipality (DM)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	44,122	...	...
Population, 2016¹	42,473	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	18,795	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	17,690	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	506.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	87.18	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	44,125	20,625	23,495
0 to 14 years	6,160	3,240	2,915
0 to 4 years	1,295	670	625
5 to 9 years	2,115	1,060	1,050
10 to 14 years	2,750	1,515	1,235
15 to 64 years	25,390	11,800	13,590
15 to 19 years	2,940	1,525	1,415
20 to 24 years	2,305	1,185	1,120
25 to 29 years	1,455	760	690
30 to 34 years	1,370	630	730
35 to 39 years	1,965	825	1,140
40 to 44 years	2,375	950	1,425
45 to 49 years	2,970	1,245	1,725
50 to 54 years	3,520	1,595	1,925
55 to 59 years	3,325	1,590	1,735
60 to 64 years	3,175	1,495	1,685
65 years and over	12,575	5,590	6,990
65 to 69 years	2,965	1,420	1,545
70 to 74 years	2,835	1,305	1,530
75 to 79 years	2,515	1,145	1,365
80 to 84 years	1,875	805	1,065
85 years and over	2,395	905	1,485
85 to 89 years	1,260	530	725
90 to 94 years	915	295	620
95 to 99 years	195	70	120
100 years and over	25	5	15
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.0	15.7	12.4
15 to 64 years	57.5	57.2	57.8
65 years and over	28.5	27.1	29.8
85 years and over	5.4	4.4	6.3
Average age of the population	47.6	46.0	49.0
Median age of the population	50.8	50.0	51.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	17,690	...	...
Single-detached house	9,835	...	...
Semi-detached house	520	...	...
Row house	400	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,520	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,600	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	3,810	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	10	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	17,690	...	...
1 person	4,955	...	...
2 persons	5,880	...	...
3 persons	2,785	...	...
4 persons	2,700	...	...
5 or more persons	1,365	...	...
Number of persons in private households	43,385	20,385	22,995
Average household size	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	37,965	17,385	20,580
Married or living common-law	22,940	11,285	11,650
Married	21,165	10,380	10,785
Living common-law	1,770	905	865
Living common law - Never married	1,005	500	505
Living common law - Separated	75	45	30
Living common law - Divorced	615	325	295
Living common law - Widowed	75	40	35
Not married and not living common-law	15,030	6,100	8,930
Not married and not living common law - Never married	8,975	4,605	4,370
Not married and not living common law - Separated	790	245	550
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,590	775	1,810
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,675	470	2,205
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	12,800	...	...
2 persons	6,375	...	...
3 persons	2,890	...	...
4 persons	2,725	...	...
5 or more persons	815	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	12,800	...	...
Total couple families	10,875	...	...
Married couples	9,990	...	...
With children⁶	5,380	...	...
Without children	4,605	...	...
Common-law couples	885	...	...
With children⁶	290	...	...
Without children	595	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,930	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,585	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	340	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	43,385	20,385	22,995
Total - Persons in census families	36,550	18,025	18,525
Married spouses or common-law partners	21,745	10,910	10,840
Parents in one-parent families	1,925	340	1,590
Children⁶	12,875	6,775	6,100
In a two-parent family	10,005	5,290	4,710
In a one-parent family	2,870	1,490	1,385
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	6,830	2,360	4,470
Living alone	4,955	1,615	3,340
Living with other relatives⁷	760	270	495
Living with non-relatives only	1,115	480	635
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	17,690	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	11,170	...	...
Couple-family households	9,620	...	...
With children⁶	4,980	...	...
Without children	4,635	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,550	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	480	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	165	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	550	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	375	...	...
One-person households	4,950	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	37,225	17,150	20,075
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	35,590	16,350	19,245
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	53,600	39,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	35,625	16,365	19,260
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	46,800	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	32,865	15,175	17,690
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	50,800	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,990	10,475	10,515
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,400	42,000	25,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,240	11,770	15,470
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,500	10,400	10,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,240	495	745
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,200	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,580	3,960	4,620
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	8,000	10,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	37,225	17,150	20,075
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	35,580	16,365	19,210
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	105,700	146,800	70,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	35,600	16,380	19,225
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	72,000	95,200	52,300
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	32,850	15,200	17,645
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	105,300	149,800	66,900
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,990	10,675	10,315
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	93,000	131,200	53,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,205	11,760	15,440
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,090	10,810	11,310
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,295	540	755
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,950	5,920	5,970
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,595	3,970	4,625
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,540	9,410	9,650
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	37,225	17,150	20,080
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	7,935	4,785	3,150
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	82,000	94,000	71,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	178,800	230,400	100,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	9,005	4,070	4,935
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,200	17,800	15,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	45,280	55,900	36,480
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	92.0	94.8	87.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	51.9	58.3	40.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	8.0	5.3	12.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.2	0.1	0.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	2.6	1.8	4.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.2	1.6	3.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	37,230	17,145	20,080
Without total income	1,630	800	835
With total income	35,595	16,350	19,240
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,640	2,015	2,625
$10,000 to $19,999	3,790	1,570	2,220
$20,000 to $29,999	4,695	1,885	2,810
$30,000 to $39,999	3,430	1,310	2,120
$40,000 to $49,999	2,695	1,040	1,655
$50,000 to $59,999	2,245	940	1,305
$60,000 to $69,999	1,875	775	1,100
$70,000 to $79,999	1,495	670	825
$80,000 to $89,999	1,355	660	695
$90,000 to $99,999	1,100	525	575
$100,000 and over	8,270	4,955	3,315
$100,000 to $149,999	3,265	1,655	1,610
$150,000 and over	5,005	3,300	1,705
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	37,230	17,145	20,080
Without after-tax income	1,605	780	820
With after-tax income	35,620	16,365	19,255
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,130	2,235	2,900
$10,000 to $19,999	3,950	1,635	2,315
$20,000 to $29,999	5,115	2,050	3,065
$30,000 to $39,999	3,760	1,450	2,315
$40,000 to $49,999	3,045	1,195	1,850
$50,000 to $59,999	2,425	1,030	1,390
$60,000 to $69,999	2,035	930	1,105
$70,000 to $79,999	1,600	750	850
$80,000 to $89,999	1,275	615	665
$90,000 to $99,999	1,035	545	495
$100,000 and over	6,240	3,940	2,300
$100,000 to $124,999	1,745	955	790
$125,000 and over	4,495	2,985	1,505
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	37,230	17,145	20,080
Without employment income	16,235	6,670	9,560
With employment income	20,990	10,480	10,515
Under $5,000 (including loss)	4,130	1,880	2,255
$5,000 to $9,999	1,975	865	1,105
$10,000 to $19,999	2,360	1,035	1,325
$20,000 to $29,999	1,725	730	990
$30,000 to $39,999	1,390	600	795
$40,000 to $49,999	1,175	515	655
$50,000 to $59,999	1,005	460	545
$60,000 to $69,999	905	415	490
$70,000 to $79,999	705	360	345
$80,000 to $89,999	650	320	325
$90,000 to $99,999	580	275	305
$100,000 and over	4,390	3,020	1,375
$100,000 to $124,999	1,040	595	440
$125,000 and over	3,355	2,425	930
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	37,225	17,150	20,075
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	34,205	15,635	18,570
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	55,200	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	34,300	15,650	18,645
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	47,600	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	32,220	14,805	17,415
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	53,600	34,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	21,585	10,630	10,950
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,000	41,200	24,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	22,145	9,215	12,930
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,650	6,000	6,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	590	230	360
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,880	5,120	6,120
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	37,225	17,150	20,075
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	34,145	15,625	18,530
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	114,500	164,400	72,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	34,255	15,635	18,620
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	82,600	115,500	55,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	32,140	14,790	17,345
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	115,900	168,600	71,100
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	21,585	10,790	10,790
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	89,700	124,300	55,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	22,050	9,165	12,880
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,410	8,280	8,510
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	500	210	295
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,400	6,160	8,200
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	37,225	17,150	20,080
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	7,760	4,660	3,100
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	76,000	89,000	63,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	169,200	216,800	97,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	8,410	3,800	4,615
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,600	21,400	20,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	55,700	64,200	48,680
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	95.2	97.0	91.8
Employment income (%)	49.5	52.2	44.2
Government transfers (%)	4.7	3.0	8.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.1	0.1	0.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	17,690	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	4,950	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	12,735	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	17,690	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	212,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	145,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,950	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	92,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	12,740	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	259,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	174,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	17,690	...	...
Under $5,000	415	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	170	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	210	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	305	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	645	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	525	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	465	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	535	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	520	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	510	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,020	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	920	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	820	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	780	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	690	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,170	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,495	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,245	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,755	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,675	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	17,690	...	...
Under $5,000	615	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	175	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	215	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	320	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	685	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	560	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	540	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	610	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	640	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	615	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,065	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,075	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	925	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	845	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	755	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,055	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,705	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,285	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,070	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	12,560	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	135,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	4,795	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	5,685	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	164,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,810	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	6,070	2,090	3,975
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,800	49,200	46,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,000	43,200	41,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	12,545	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	258,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	172,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,785	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	280,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	196,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,715	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	282,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	180,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,775	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	96,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	6,100	2,110	3,995
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	85,700	90,200	83,300
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	65,000	67,800	63,450
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	43,385	20,390	22,995
0 to 17 years	7,975	4,190	3,790
0 to 5 years	1,635	835	805
18 to 64 years	23,495	10,795	12,700
65 years and over	11,910	5,405	6,505
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	6,660	2,970	3,695
0 to 17 years	1,660	855	805
0 to 5 years	345	170	180
18 to 64 years	3,660	1,605	2,055
65 years and over	1,340	505	830
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.4	14.6	16.1
0 to 17 years (%)	20.8	20.4	21.3
0 to 5 years (%)	21.3	20.4	22.2
18 to 64 years (%)	15.6	14.9	16.2
65 years and over (%)	11.2	9.4	12.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	43,380	20,385	22,995
0 to 17 years	7,980	4,190	3,790
0 to 5 years	1,640	835	800
18 to 64 years	23,495	10,795	12,700
65 years and over	11,910	5,405	6,505
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,750	2,155	2,590
0 to 17 years	1,255	655	600
0 to 5 years	255	130	125
18 to 64 years	2,825	1,240	1,590
65 years and over	665	260	405
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	10.9	10.6	11.3
0 to 17 years (%)	15.7	15.6	15.9
0 to 5 years (%)	15.8	15.6	15.8
18 to 64 years (%)	12.0	11.5	12.5
65 years and over (%)	5.6	4.8	6.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	43,385	20,390	22,995
In bottom half of the distribution	17,440	7,765	9,670
In bottom decile	6,275	2,805	3,470
In second decile	3,275	1,415	1,865
In third decile	2,785	1,245	1,540
In fourth decile	2,560	1,140	1,420
In fifth decile	2,540	1,165	1,375
In top half of the distribution	25,945	12,620	13,320
In sixth decile	2,660	1,230	1,435
In seventh decile	2,730	1,275	1,460
In eighth decile	3,010	1,430	1,580
In ninth decile	4,515	2,210	2,305
In top decile	13,030	6,480	6,550
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	43,380	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.574	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.631	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.510	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	9.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	43,570	20,450	23,120
English only	37,370	17,785	19,585
French only	10	5	5
English and French	4,555	1,945	2,610
Neither English nor French	1,630	710	915
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	43,570	20,450	23,120
English	41,070	19,385	21,680
French	465	185	275
English and French	445	185	265
Neither English nor French	1,585	685	895
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	43,570	20,450	23,120
Single responses	41,945	19,715	22,230
Official languages	24,875	12,090	12,790
English	24,445	11,910	12,530
French	430	175	255
Non-official languages	17,070	7,630	9,445
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	17,065	7,630	9,440
Afro-Asiatic languages	215	120	95
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	215	120	95
Amharic	5	0	5
Arabic	180	100	85
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	20	20	5
Maltese	5	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	5	40
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	45	5	35
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	310	50	255
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	15	5	15
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	15	0	10
Indonesian	25	5	15
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	5	0	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	245	35	210
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	5	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	5	0	5
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	30	20	15
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	5	0
Tamil	15	10	5
Telugu	10	5	5
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	8,400	3,895	4,510
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	40	20	25
Balto-Slavic languages	1,100	470	625
Baltic languages	20	5	15
Latvian	15	10	10
Lithuanian	5	0	5
Slavic languages	1,075	470	610
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	25	15	15
Czech	115	60	55
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	200	80	125
Russian	415	170	240
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	155	75	75
Bosnian	15	10	10
Croatian	65	30	30
Serbian	75	35	35
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	75	25	45
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	10
Ukrainian	85	40	45
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	5	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,060	465	590
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	640	280	360
German	615	270	345
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	25	5	15
Yiddish	5	5	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	235	110	130
Afrikaans	60	30	25
Dutch	175	75	100
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	5
Scandinavian languages	175	80	95
Danish	90	40	50
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	40	15	20
Swedish	50	30	25
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	55	30	20
Indo-Iranian languages	5,190	2,465	2,725
Indo-Aryan languages	375	165	210
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	15	5	5
Gujarati	125	50	75
Hindi	65	30	30
Kacchi	20	5	15
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	5	5	5
Nepali	5	5	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	100	45	50
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	40	20	25
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	4,820	2,300	2,520
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	20	15	10
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	4,790	2,285	2,505
Dari	30	10	20
Iranian Persian	4,400	2,100	2,295
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	365	170	190
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	950	435	520
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	220	115	110
Portuguese	145	65	80
Romanian	70	30	35
Spanish	515	225	290
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	250	70	180
Korean	630	260	375
Mongolian	15	5	10
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	10	0	10
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	5	0
American Sign Language	0	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	6,835	3,045	3,790
Chinese languages	6,835	3,045	3,790
Hakka	10	5	0
Mandarin	5,675	2,530	3,145
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	115	55	60
Wu (Shanghainese)	55	25	30
Yue (Cantonese)	950	415	535
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	15	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	15
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	20	5	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	160	85	75
Azerbaijani	35	15	15
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	125	65	55
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	130	55	75
Estonian	20	5	10
Finnish	35	10	25
Hungarian	80	35	45
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,620	730	890
English and French	140	60	85
English and non-official language(s)	1,255	590	665
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	20	30
Multiple non-official languages	150	55	95
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	43,570	20,450	23,120
English	26,220	12,530	13,690
French	105	45	60
Non-official language	6,220	2,785	3,435
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	6,220	2,785	3,435
English and French	380	175	210
English and non-official language(s)	9,895	4,580	5,315
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	435	190	240
Multiple non-official languages	310	145	170
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	43,570	20,450	23,120
Single responses	41,595	19,515	22,075
Official languages	30,820	14,595	16,220
English	30,650	14,525	16,125
French	165	65	95
Non-official languages	10,775	4,925	5,855
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,775	4,925	5,850
Afro-Asiatic languages	75	35	40
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	75	35	40
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	60	30	30
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	5	5
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	5	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	5	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	80	30	55
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	5	10
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	5	5	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	5
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	60	20	45
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	5	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	5	5
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	10	5	5
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	4,715	2,225	2,490
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	25	10	15
Balto-Slavic languages	450	220	230
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	450	220	230
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	0	5
Czech	35	20	15
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	60	30	30
Russian	250	120	135
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	50	30	20
Bosnian	10	5	5
Croatian	15	5	5
Serbian	25	10	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	15	5	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	30	15	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	175	80	100
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	95	40	60
German	90	30	55
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	5	5	5
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	50	25	25
Afrikaans	20	10	15
Dutch	20	10	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	30	15	15
Danish	15	10	5
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	5	5
Swedish	10	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	10	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	3,620	1,720	1,895
Indo-Aryan languages	130	60	70
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	5	0	5
Gujarati	40	15	20
Hindi	25	15	10
Kacchi	10	5	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	15	10
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	20	5	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	3,485	1,660	1,825
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	15	5	0
Parsi	5	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	3,470	1,650	1,820
Dari	20	5	10
Iranian Persian	3,185	1,520	1,670
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	265	130	140
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	440	190	250
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	40	15	30
Portuguese	80	35	40
Romanian	25	10	15
Spanish	295	130	165
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	135	55	75
Korean	425	190	240
Mongolian	5	0	5
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	0
American Sign Language	10	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,200	2,330	2,875
Chinese languages	5,200	2,330	2,875
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	4,580	2,045	2,530
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	15	20
Wu (Shanghainese)	35	20	15
Yue (Cantonese)	530	235	290
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	65	30	35
Azerbaijani	10	0	5
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	55	25	35
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	20	10	10
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	5	0	0
Hungarian	15	5	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,970	930	1,045
English and French	70	25	45
English and non-official language(s)	1,840	875	965
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	15	10
Multiple non-official languages	40	20	20
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	43,570	20,445	23,120
None	34,245	16,160	18,085
English	3,960	1,865	2,100
French	340	160	180
Non-official language	4,060	1,840	2,220
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	4,055	1,840	2,220
English and French	80	35	45
English and non-official language(s)	295	140	160
French and non-official language(s)	235	105	135
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5
Multiple non-official languages	345	145	200
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	43,385	20,385	22,995
Official languages	41,745	19,645	22,100
English	41,740	19,645	22,095
French	4,680	1,975	2,700
Non-official languages	21,245	9,750	11,500
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	21,245	9,750	11,495
Afro-Asiatic languages	520	235	285
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	520	235	285
Amharic	15	0	15
Arabic	405	200	205
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	105	25	75
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	80	15	60
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	75	15	60
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	495	100	390
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	35	0	25
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	20	0	15
Ilocano	40	15	30
Indonesian	65	25	40
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	20	15	15
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	385	65	325
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	30	20	15
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	15	10	0
Tamil	15	10	10
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	11,250	5,365	5,885
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	35	15	20
Balto-Slavic languages	1,395	580	815
Baltic languages	35	15	20
Latvian	20	15	0
Lithuanian	15	0	15
Slavic languages	1,370	570	800
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	25	10	15
Czech	140	80	60
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	245	80	170
Russian	575	225	350
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	285	125	155
Bosnian	60	25	35
Croatian	120	55	65
Serbian	135	65	70
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	115	45	70
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	15	10
Ukrainian	165	70	90
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	55	30	25
Irish	30	15	15
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,850	775	1,070
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	1,295	555	735
German	1,265	545	720
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	45	25	20
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	415	185	225
Afrikaans	190	85	100
Dutch	225	100	125
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	240	95	145
Danish	95	45	50
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	70	30	35
Swedish	90	35	60
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	90	50	35
Indo-Iranian languages	6,210	3,085	3,125
Indo-Aryan languages	705	365	340
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	30	20	10
Gujarati	270	125	145
Hindi	345	195	145
Kacchi	110	55	55
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	10	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	140	70	70
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	80	45	35
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5,510	2,725	2,785
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	70	30	40
Parsi	10	0	10
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	5,480	2,705	2,775
Dari	20	10	15
Iranian Persian	5,095	2,520	2,575
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	400	205	195
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,280	1,105	1,175
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	480	250	235
Portuguese	240	105	135
Romanian	55	20	35
Spanish	1,685	805	880
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0
Japanese	510	225	290
Korean	730	345	380
Mongolian	25	0	10
Niger-Congo languages	95	45	50
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	90	35	50
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	0	10
American Sign Language	15	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	7,945	3,610	4,340
Chinese languages	7,945	3,610	4,340
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	7,225	3,290	3,935
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	180	90	90
Wu (Shanghainese)	140	70	70
Yue (Cantonese)	1,245	545	700
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	10	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	15
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	20	0	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	355	175	180
Azerbaijani	130	80	50
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	270	130	140
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	140	60	80
Estonian	20	10	10
Finnish	45	15	30
Hungarian	75	35	40
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	43,385	20,390	22,990
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	425	160	265
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	420	160	260
First Nations (North American Indian)	205	65	140
Métis	210	100	120
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	42,955	20,225	22,730
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	43,385	20,390	22,990
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	115	35	80
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	43,265	20,355	22,910
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	17,690	...	...
Owner	12,535	...	...
Renter	5,155	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	17,690	...	...
Condominium	3,805	...	...
Not condominium	13,885	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	17,690	...	...
No bedrooms	310	...	...
1 bedroom	2,625	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,710	...	...
3 bedrooms	3,770	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	7,275	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	17,690	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,980	...	...
5 rooms	2,195	...	...
6 rooms	1,805	...	...
7 rooms	1,955	...	...
8 or more rooms	6,750	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	17,690	...	...
One person or fewer per room	17,305	...	...
More than one person per room	385	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	17,690	...	...
Suitable	16,955	...	...
Not suitable	735	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	17,690	...	...
1960 or before	3,730	...	...
1961 to 1980	5,795	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,560	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,015	...	...
2001 to 2005	705	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,015	...	...
2011 to 2015	930	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	940	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	17,690	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	16,770	...	...
Major repairs needed	920	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	17,690	...	...
One-maintainer household	9,640	...	...
Two-maintainer household	7,390	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	665	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	17,690	...	...
15 to 24 years	130	...	...
25 to 34 years	695	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,970	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,505	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,610	...	...
65 to 74 years	3,490	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,795	...	...
85 years and over	1,495	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	17,590	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	10,620	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,970	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,940	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	17,690	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	7,890	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,290	...	...
Not suitable only	415	...	...
Major repairs needed only	465	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	260	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	400	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	35	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...
Acceptable housing	9,800	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	15,560	...	...
In core need	2,475	...	...
Not in core need	13,085	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,540	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	44.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	32.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	9.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,800	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	3,204	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	2,500,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	3,128,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,150	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	56.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	31.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,060	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,792	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	43,385	20,390	22,995
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	75	25	50
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	75	25	50
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	50	20	30
Métis single ancestry	20	0	20
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	465	170	295
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	455	170	285
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	290	95	190
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	165	75	90
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	42,840	20,195	22,645
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	43,380	20,390	22,995
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	36,820	17,240	19,580
Canadian citizens aged under 18	6,725	3,535	3,190
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	30,090	13,700	16,385
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	6,565	3,150	3,415
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	43,380	20,390	22,995
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	22,040	10,745	11,295
Immigrants⁸¹	19,810	8,925	10,890
Before 1980	4,235	1,865	2,370
1980 to 1990	1,810	815	1,000
1991 to 2000	3,290	1,465	1,825
2001 to 2010	5,225	2,385	2,835
2011 to 2021⁸²	5,250	2,400	2,855
2011 to 2015	3,170	1,440	1,730
2016 to 2021	2,075	955	1,125
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,530	715	815
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	19,815	8,925	10,885
Under 5 years	1,770	865	910
5 to 14 years	3,140	1,605	1,535
15 to 24 years	3,060	1,275	1,785
25 to 44 years	9,110	3,745	5,365
45 years and over	2,730	1,435	1,295
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	19,815	8,925	10,885
Americas	1,490	680	810
Brazil	55	25	35
Colombia	35	20	15
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	20	0	15
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	35	10	30
Mexico	175	70	110
Peru	50	20	35
Trinidad and Tobago	40	20	15
United States of America	880	420	460
Other places of birth in Americas	185	95	90
Europe	4,475	1,935	2,540
Bosnia and Herzegovina	55	15	35
Croatia	60	30	25
France	75	40	40
Germany	425	140	285
Greece	25	20	10
Hungary	65	35	35
Italy	115	80	35
Netherlands	145	70	80
Poland	195	65	135
Portugal	30	0	25
Romania	40	10	30
Russian Federation	170	55	120
Serbia⁸⁶	65	30	35
Ukraine	125	60	65
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,105	960	1,140
Other places of birth in Europe	775	335	440
Africa	945	460	485
Algeria	25	10	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	0	0
Egypt	70	30	35
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	15	0	15
Morocco	15	0	15
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	380	185	195
Other places of birth in Africa	420	215	205
Asia	12,565	5,690	6,875
Afghanistan	10	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	4,405	2,160	2,250
Iraq	35	20	20
Lebanon	10	10	0
Syria⁸⁹	15	0	10
Turkey	60	30	35
China⁹⁰	5,295	2,345	2,950
Hong Kong⁹¹	475	220	255
Korea, South⁹²	500	220	275
Taiwan	315	145	170
Philippines	345	70	275
Viet Nam	60	15	45
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	330	175	150
Pakistan	55	30	25
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	640	235	405
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	340	165	180
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,080	955	1,125
Americas	295	150	140
Brazil	25	10	15
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	15	0	10
United States of America	205	110	100
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	45	20	20
Europe	290	130	165
France	20	10	10
Germany	30	20	15
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	50	25	30
Ukraine	40	10	25
United Kingdom⁸⁷	105	40	65
Other places of birth in Europe	40	15	20
Africa	35	20	15
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	10
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	1,425	630	790
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	815	360	455
Hong Kong⁹¹	35	10	20
India	65	45	15
Iran⁸⁸	250	140	110
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	45	0	40
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	40	20	25
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	75	25	55
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	10	10	10
Other places of birth in Asia	65	20	45
Oceania and other⁹³	40	25	15
Australia	30	20	10
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	43,385	20,385	22,995
First generation¹⁰⁰	22,520	10,255	12,265
Second generation¹⁰¹	9,480	4,700	4,780
Third generation or more¹⁰²	11,390	5,440	5,950
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	15,585	7,065	8,520
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	12,230	5,750	6,480
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	4,360	2,845	1,510
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	7,870	2,905	4,965
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,510	920	1,590
Refugees¹⁰⁸	595	270	315
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	250	115	135
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	15,585	7,065	8,520
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	280	125	155
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,410	635	780
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	675	330	345
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	625	270	355
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	95	35	65
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	12,495	5,670	6,820
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	43,385	20,390	22,995
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	18,765	8,680	10,080
South Asian	1,405	700	705
Chinese	8,780	4,050	4,730
Black	185	90	95
Filipino	465	100	365
Arab	280	125	155
Latin American	430	190	240
Southeast Asian	305	105	195
West Asian	5,030	2,485	2,540
Korean	745	350	390
Japanese	465	170	300
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	205	85	120
Multiple visible minorities	465	215	250
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	24,620	11,710	12,910
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	43,380	20,390	22,995
Canadian	2,525	1,245	1,280
English	8,550	3,950	4,605
Irish	4,935	2,300	2,635
Scottish	6,065	2,825	3,240
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,795	805	990
German	3,080	1,460	1,620
Chinese	8,095	3,710	4,380
Italian	1,355	665	685
Indian (India)	1,075	540	530
Ukrainian	1,260	560	695
Dutch	945	455	495
Polish	1,030	425	605
Québécois	30	10	25
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,270	1,035	1,235
Filipino	505	115	395
French Canadian	280	135	145
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	765	380	390
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	125	35	90
Métis	200	80	120
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	825	390	435
Russian	830	370	455
Norwegian	775	325	450
Welsh	965	460	505
Portuguese	200	90	115
American	745	350	390
Spanish	470	210	255
Swedish	715	350	370
Hungarian	335	160	175
Acadian	35	15	20
Pakistani	65	30	35
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	95	45	50
Jewish	555	290	265
Punjabi	50	25	25
Vietnamese	125	40	80
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	135	65	65
Greek	315	200	120
Jamaican	75	45	30
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	665	305	365
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	65	15	50
Korean	735	350	390
Romanian	170	60	115
Lebanese	120	60	60
Iranian	4,410	2,175	2,235
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	185	85	100
Danish	410	175	235
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	50	25	30
Sikh	30	20	10
Austrian	335	105	230
Belgian	110	55	55
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	90	55	35
Mexican	350	160	190
Mennonite	60	40	15
Swiss	305	160	145
Finnish	280	115	165
Sri Lankan	10	0	10
Croatian	240	95	140
Japanese	520	185	330
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	110	40	65
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	235	125	110
Muslim	140	85	55
Egyptian	165	85	80
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	100	40	60
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	190	85	105
Colombian	85	45	45
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	260	140	120
Syrian	35	15	20
Guyanese	45	25	20
Afghan	25	10	10
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	35	10	25
Serbian	165	75	85
Ojibway	15	0	15
Newfoundlander	20	0	20
Hong Konger	100	50	50
Ontarian	15	0	15
Persian	1,570	830	740
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	35	15	25
Turkish	125	55	70
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	75	45	40
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	70	25	40
Slovak	230	95	130
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	195	95	100
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	295	130	160
Iraqi	50	30	15
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	130	60	70
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	100	50	45
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	25	20	0
Algonquin	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	25	0	20
Lithuanian	95	50	45
South African	340	160	180
Australian	245	135	110
Palestinian	90	40	50
Chilean	30	20	10
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	35	10	15
Ethiopian	15	0	15
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	20	10	15
Peruvian	55	30	25
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	25	15	10
Slovenian	80	50	30
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	70	35	45
New Brunswicker	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	10	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	20	10	10
Mohawk	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	25	15	10
Bulgarian	40	15	30
Albertan	10	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	30	25	10
African American	10	10	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	65	30	35
Tunisian	45	30	20
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	60	25	35
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	60	25	35
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	95	40	50
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	15	0	10
Indonesian	85	45	45
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	25	15	10
Northern Irish	60	30	35
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	105	50	60
British Columbian	125	70	60
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	35	10	25
Estonian	60	30	30
Kurdish	70	30	35
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	25	10	15
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	15	0	15
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	10	10	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	85	50	35
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	25	0	25
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	35	10	30
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	20	0	15
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	65	45	20
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	65	35	30
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	15	10	10
United Empire Loyalist	40	25	15
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	45	30	10
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	35	10	20
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	15	15	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	45	25	25
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	55	30	25
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	43,385	20,390	22,990
Buddhist	650	265	385
Christian	14,710	6,310	8,400
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,910	1,330	1,580
Anabaptist	35	20	10
Anglican	2,590	985	1,605
Baptist	325	130	195
Catholic	4,515	2,020	2,495
Christian Orthodox	475	230	250
Jehovah's Witness	55	25	35
Latter Day Saints	35	15	20
Lutheran	515	200	315
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	75	35	50
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	155	85	75
Presbyterian	425	205	220
Reformed	15	0	10
United Church	1,880	725	1,155
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	705	305	400
Hindu	300	145	150
Jewish	555	275	280
Muslim	3,855	1,840	2,010
Sikh	135	75	55
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	555	205	350
No religion and secular perspectives	22,625	11,270	11,355
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	43,225	20,300	22,925
Non-movers	37,220	17,385	19,835
Movers	6,005	2,915	3,090
Non-migrants	2,985	1,490	1,495
Migrants	3,020	1,425	1,595
Internal migrants	2,095	1,015	1,080
Intraprovincial migrants	1,695	815	880
Interprovincial migrants	400	200	200
External migrants	930	415	515
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	42,105	19,755	22,350
Non-movers	25,515	11,835	13,680
Movers	16,585	7,920	8,665
Non-migrants	5,285	2,475	2,810
Migrants	11,295	5,445	5,855
Internal migrants	7,610	3,770	3,835
Intraprovincial migrants	6,395	3,130	3,270
Interprovincial migrants	1,215	645	570
External migrants	3,685	1,670	2,015
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	37,225	17,150	20,080
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,065	1,450	1,620
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	34,155	15,705	18,460
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	20,070	9,150	10,925
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	455	225	230
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	19,615	8,925	10,685
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	37,225	17,150	20,080
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,855	1,325	1,530
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,605	3,950	4,660
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	25,760	11,870	13,890
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,130	2,755	4,375
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,275	745	535
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	635	295	350
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	640	450	190
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,215	1,410	2,805
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,635	605	1,035
Bachelor's degree or higher	18,635	9,115	9,515
Bachelor's degree	10,475	4,750	5,730
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,395	640	755
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	960	555	405
Master's degree	4,805	2,520	2,290
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	995	655	340
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	20,075	9,150	10,920
No certificate, diploma or degree	405	195	210
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,170	1,580	1,590
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,495	7,370	9,125
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,070	1,590	2,475
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	625	365	255
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	305	135	170
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	315	225	90
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,335	825	1,515
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,110	405	705
Bachelor's degree or higher	12,425	5,780	6,645
Bachelor's degree	6,995	3,010	3,985
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	795	345	450
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	625	320	305
Master's degree	3,420	1,755	1,665
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	590	350	235
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	37,230	17,145	20,080
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	11,460	5,275	6,190
Education	1,420	205	1,215
13. Education	1,420	205	1,215
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,320	335	990
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	80	40	40
50. Visual and performing arts	1,245	290	950
Humanities	1,805	585	1,225
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	285	45	235
23. English language and literature/letters	515	125	390
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	500	180	320
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	50	20	25
38. Philosophy and religious studies	95	60	35
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	25	15
54. History	245	125	115
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	85	0	80
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,885	1,570	2,315
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	15	45
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	335	70	265
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	240	10	225
22. Legal professions and studies	1,030	565	465
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	70	20	45
42. Psychology	675	145	520
45. Social sciences	1,480	745	730
Business, management and public administration	6,825	3,350	3,480
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	185	35	145
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,640	3,315	3,330
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,520	825	695
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	625	260	365
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	315	165	155
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	0
40. Physical sciences	530	380	150
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	20	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,005	615	390
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	705	495	210
25. Library science	95	10	75
27. Mathematics and statistics	170	80	95
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	40	25	15
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,725	2,975	750
04. Architecture and related services	540	325	220
14. Engineering	2,200	1,765	430
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	440	355	85
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	295	290	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	175	170	0
48. Precision production	70	65	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	425	200	220
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	275	125	145
03. Natural resources and conservation	150	75	75
Health and related fields	3,230	965	2,270
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	240	100	145
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,595	620	1,980
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	380	240	145
Personal, protective and transportation services	590	255	340
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	450	130	315
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	45	35	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	85	70	10
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	20,070	9,145	10,925
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,575	1,780	1,800
Education	590	70	520
13. Education	590	70	520
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	910	215	700
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	50	25	25
50. Visual and performing arts	860	180	675
Humanities	1,130	360	765
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	200	30	170
23. English language and literature/letters	300	90	220
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	350	120	230
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	20	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	50	15	25
39. Theology and religious vocations	20	15	0
54. History	140	70	70
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	0	40
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,585	965	1,625
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	10	35
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	270	55	215
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	125	10	120
22. Legal professions and studies	685	305	380
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	10	35
42. Psychology	425	90	340
45. Social sciences	995	490	505
Business, management and public administration	4,835	2,255	2,580
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	80	10	70
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,750	2,245	2,510
Physical and life sciences and technologies	945	480	465
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	465	200	265
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	170	90	75
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	0
40. Physical sciences	275	165	110
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	10	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	745	490	255
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	600	430	170
25. Library science	35	0	25
27. Mathematics and statistics	95	40	50
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	15	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,295	1,685	615
04. Architecture and related services	325	170	160
14. Engineering	1,430	1,045	380
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	265	205	60
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	145	145	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	85	85	0
48. Precision production	45	40	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	285	125	160
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	175	80	95
03. Natural resources and conservation	115	45	70
Health and related fields	1,845	595	1,245
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	145	65	80
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,465	395	1,065
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	225	130	95
Personal, protective and transportation services	330	135	195
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	265	85	180
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	25	25	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	35	20	15
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	20,070	9,145	10,925
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,575	1,780	1,800
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	16,495	7,375	9,120
Location of study inside Canada	9,090	4,195	4,895
Same as province or territory of residence	6,590	2,955	3,635
Different than province or territory of residence	2,500	1,240	1,260
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	7,405	3,180	4,225
Americas	1,310	645	665
United States of America	1,120	580	540
Mexico	75	15	65
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	65	30	35
Colombia	20	10	0
Peru	10	0	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	25	10	10
Europe	1,465	705	755
Belgium	15	0	0
France	80	35	45
Germany	105	55	50
Netherlands	25	15	10
Switzerland	40	10	35
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	35	10	20
Romania	15	10	10
Russian Federation	90	45	45
Ukraine	65	30	35
Ireland⁹⁶	35	20	15
United Kingdom⁸⁷	765	385	385
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	0	10
Italy	30	15	15
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	130	65	65
Africa	175	85	90
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	10	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	40	25	15
South Africa, Republic of	115	60	50
Other locations of study in Africa	10	0	10
Asia	4,295	1,655	2,640
Iran⁸⁸	1,290	530	760
Iraq	15	0	10
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	10	0	10
Turkey	20	15	0
China⁹⁰	2,125	855	1,265
Taiwan	55	20	40
Hong Kong⁹¹	35	0	25
Japan	80	20	60
Korea, South⁹²	205	70	130
Philippines	225	35	190
Viet Nam	20	0	15
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	125	70	60
Pakistan	20	0	20
Other locations of study in Asia	80	25	55
Oceania	160	85	75
Australia	125	65	60
New Zealand	35	20	15
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	37,225	17,150	20,075
In the labour force	19,485	10,330	9,155
Employed	17,640	9,415	8,225
Unemployed	1,840	915	930
Not in the labour force	17,745	6,815	10,930
Participation rate	52.3	60.2	45.6
Employment rate	47.4	54.9	41.0
Unemployment rate	9.4	8.9	10.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	37,230	17,145	20,080
Did not work¹⁸⁶	17,890	6,955	10,935
Worked	19,340	10,195	9,145
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	8,795	5,345	3,455
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	10,540	4,850	5,690
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.2	40.6	37.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	19,485	10,330	9,150
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	580	275	310
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	18,900	10,060	8,845
Employee	11,935	5,840	6,090
Permanent position	9,085	4,495	4,585
Temporary position	2,845	1,345	1,505
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,075	525	550
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,775	825	950
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,975	4,220	2,750
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	19,485	10,330	9,150
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	580	275	310
All occupations¹⁹¹	18,900	10,060	8,845
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,240	945	305
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	4,530	2,045	2,480
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,835	1,380	455
3 Health occupations	1,455	540	915
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,275	825	1,450
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,470	605	865
6 Sales and service occupations	4,355	2,225	2,130
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,350	1,190	160
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	180	135	40
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	210	165	45
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	19,485	10,330	9,150
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	580	275	310
All industries¹⁹¹	18,900	10,060	8,845
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	80	45	35
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	180	140	40
22 Utilities	60	40	20
23 Construction	1,065	845	220
31-33 Manufacturing	580	395	185
41 Wholesale trade	625	430	195
44-45 Retail trade	1,930	940	985
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	410	315	90
51 Information and cultural industries	565	335	230
52 Finance and insurance	1,645	960	680
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,500	835	665
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,420	1,995	1,425
55 Management of companies and enterprises	85	55	35
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	610	345	260
61 Educational services	1,390	490	905
62 Health care and social assistance	1,940	605	1,335
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	740	375	365
72 Accommodation and food services	920	470	450
81 Other services (except public administration)	645	200	445
91 Public administration	515	240	275
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	21,270	11,085	10,185
English	18,500	9,735	8,765
French	20	10	10
Non-official language	685	385	305
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	685	385	305
English and French	135	60	80
English and non-official language(s)	1,850	870	980
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	25	25
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	21,270	11,085	10,185
Single responses	20,870	10,875	9,990
Official languages	19,735	10,270	9,470
English	19,700	10,255	9,445
French	35	15	20
Non-official languages	1,130	610	520
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,130	610	520
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	0	10
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	0	10
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	15	0	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	275	145	135
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	15	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	30	15	15
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	10	0	10
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	225	125	100
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	225	125	100
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	225	125	100
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	195	115	85
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	10	10
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	10	25
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	15	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	15	0	15
Korean	40	25	20
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	775	435	345
Chinese languages	775	435	345
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	755	425	335
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	405	205	200
English and French	10	0	10
English and non-official language(s)	395	205	190
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	21,270	11,085	10,185
None	19,590	10,320	9,270
English	420	220	200
French	115	55	60
Non-official language	1,005	425	575
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	1,005	425	575
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	15	0	10
French and non-official language(s)	50	25	25
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	90	40	45
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	17,640	9,415	8,225
Worked at home	7,140	3,675	3,465
Worked outside Canada	290	230	60
No fixed workplace address	1,665	1,080	585
Usual place of work	8,550	4,435	4,120
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	8,550	4,430	4,115
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,050	1,350	1,705
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,295	2,955	2,340
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	155	100	60
Commute to a different province or territory	50	35	10
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	10,215	5,510	4,700
Car, truck or van	8,135	4,500	3,635
Car, truck or van - as a driver	7,495	4,270	3,225
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	640	235	410
Public transit	710	375	335
Walked	790	320	475
Bicycle	170	135	40
Other method	395	185	220
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	10,215	5,510	4,700
Less than 15 minutes	2,810	1,275	1,530
15 to 29 minutes	4,070	2,270	1,800
30 to 44 minutes	2,060	1,200	855
45 to 59 minutes	775	445	325
60 minutes and over	505	320	185
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	10,215	5,510	4,700
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	220	170	45
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	925	630	295
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,115	1,255	860
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,785	1,510	1,270
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,995	1,380	1,615
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,175	560	610
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	8,210	4,315	3,895
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	775	410	370
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,430	3,910	3,525
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	6,805	3,590	3,215
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	680	360	315
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	425	230	195
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	250	130	120
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,130	3,230	2,900

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...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed March 24, 2025).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2024-08-02

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