Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Kamloops, City (CY)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts	Rates
	Total	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	97,902	...
Population, 2016¹	90,280	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	8.4	8.4
Total private dwellings²	41,619	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	39,914	...
Population density per square kilometre	328.6	328.6
Land area in square kilometres	297.93	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	97,905	100.0
0 to 14 years	14,830	15.1
0 to 4 years	4,430	4.5
5 to 9 years	5,095	5.2
10 to 14 years	5,300	5.4
15 to 64 years	63,410	64.8
15 to 19 years	5,200	5.3
20 to 24 years	6,380	6.5
25 to 29 years	6,965	7.1
30 to 34 years	6,945	7.1
35 to 39 years	6,825	7.0
40 to 44 years	5,915	6.0
45 to 49 years	5,680	5.8
50 to 54 years	6,065	6.2
55 to 59 years	6,605	6.7
60 to 64 years	6,830	7.0
65 years and over	19,660	20.1
65 to 69 years	5,785	5.9
70 to 74 years	5,075	5.2
75 to 79 years	3,485	3.6
80 to 84 years	2,575	2.6
85 years and over	2,740	2.8
85 to 89 years	1,685	1.7
90 to 94 years	795	0.8
95 to 99 years	220	0.2
100 years and over	40	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.1	15.1
15 to 64 years	64.8	64.8
65 years and over	20.1	20.1
85 years and over	2.8	2.8
Average age of the population	42.4	42.4
Median age of the population	41.6	41.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	39,910	100.0
Single-detached house	20,085	50.3
Semi-detached house	3,065	7.7
Row house	3,885	9.7
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,830	9.6
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,585	16.5
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	855	2.1
Other single-attached house	80	0.2
Movable dwelling⁴	1,530	3.8
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	39,915	100.0
1 person	11,330	28.4
2 persons	14,685	36.8
3 persons	5,920	14.8
4 persons	5,215	13.1
5 or more persons	2,765	6.9
Number of persons in private households	94,560	100.0
Average household size	2.4	2.4
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	83,070	100.0
Married or living common-law	46,600	56.1
Married	36,315	43.7
Living common-law	10,285	12.4
Living common law - Never married	7,330	8.8
Living common law - Separated	515	0.6
Living common law - Divorced	2,190	2.6
Living common law - Widowed	250	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	36,475	43.9
Not married and not living common law - Never married	23,360	28.1
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,510	3.0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,850	7.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,760	5.7
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	26,945	100.0
2 persons	15,215	56.5
3 persons	5,305	19.7
4 persons	4,800	17.8
5 or more persons	1,625	6.0
Average size of census families	2.8	2.8
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	1.7
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	26,945	100.0
Total couple families	22,600	83.9
Married couples	17,465	64.8
With children⁶	8,360	31.0
Without children	9,105	33.8
Common-law couples	5,135	19.1
With children⁶	1,775	6.6
Without children	3,360	12.5
Total one-parent families	4,340	16.1
in which the parent is a woman+	3,335	12.4
in which the parent is a man+	1,005	3.7
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	94,560	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	74,090	78.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	45,205	47.8
Parents in one-parent families	4,340	4.6
Children⁶	24,545	26.0
In a two-parent family	18,080	19.1
In a one-parent family	6,465	6.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	20,470	21.6
Living alone	11,330	12.0
Living with other relatives⁷	2,380	2.5
Living with non-relatives only	6,760	7.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	39,915	100.0
One-census-family households without additional persons	22,880	57.3
Couple-family households	19,645	49.2
With children⁶	8,810	22.1
Without children	10,835	27.1
One-parent-family households	3,235	8.1
Multigenerational households⁸	1,010	2.5
Multiple-census-family households⁹	335	0.8
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,865	4.7
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,495	6.3
One-person households	11,330	28.4
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	79,775	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,600	97.3
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	43,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,635	97.3
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	39,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,770	87.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	37,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	55,805	70.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	40,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	64,050	80.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,200	10,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,810	9.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	19,155	24.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	79,775	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,555	97.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,600	53,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,575	97.2
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,880	45,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,710	87.4
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,200	49,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	55,805	70.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,840	49,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	63,855	80.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,390	11,390
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,055	10.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,590	6,590
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,245	24.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,540	8,540
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	79,770	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,690	32.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,500	65,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,700	73,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,945	28.8
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,800	20,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,680	32,680
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.6	82.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.8	66.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.5	17.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.0	5.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.0	4.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	79,770	100.0
Without total income	2,170	2.7
With total income	77,600	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,140	7.9
$10,000 to $19,999	8,595	11.1
$20,000 to $29,999	11,445	14.7
$30,000 to $39,999	9,900	12.8
$40,000 to $49,999	8,715	11.2
$50,000 to $59,999	7,465	9.6
$60,000 to $69,999	5,765	7.4
$70,000 to $79,999	4,340	5.6
$80,000 to $89,999	3,545	4.6
$90,000 to $99,999	2,730	3.5
$100,000 and over	8,970	11.6
$100,000 to $149,999	6,450	8.3
$150,000 and over	2,520	3.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	79,770	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,135	2.7
With after-tax income	77,640	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,405	8.2
$10,000 to $19,999	8,875	11.4
$20,000 to $29,999	12,920	16.6
$30,000 to $39,999	11,565	14.9
$40,000 to $49,999	9,980	12.9
$50,000 to $59,999	7,875	10.1
$60,000 to $69,999	5,745	7.4
$70,000 to $79,999	4,290	5.5
$80,000 to $89,999	3,170	4.1
$90,000 to $99,999	2,210	2.8
$100,000 and over	4,605	5.9
$100,000 to $124,999	2,645	3.4
$125,000 and over	1,960	2.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	79,770	100.0
Without employment income	23,965	30.0
With employment income	55,805	70.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,170	12.8
$5,000 to $9,999	4,080	7.3
$10,000 to $19,999	6,510	11.7
$20,000 to $29,999	5,125	9.2
$30,000 to $39,999	5,040	9.0
$40,000 to $49,999	4,765	8.5
$50,000 to $59,999	4,545	8.1
$60,000 to $69,999	3,620	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	3,040	5.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,740	4.9
$90,000 to $99,999	2,220	4.0
$100,000 and over	6,955	12.5
$100,000 to $124,999	3,545	6.4
$125,000 and over	3,410	6.1
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	79,775	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,585	94.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,735	94.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	36,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,130	86.7
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	38,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	57,840	72.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	38,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	51,945	65.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,750	7,750
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,300	7.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,400	5,400
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	79,775	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	75,435	94.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,450	51,450
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	75,555	94.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,480	43,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,940	86.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,360	49,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	57,640	72.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,280	48,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	51,810	64.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,180	9,180
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,305	7.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,110	7,110
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	79,770	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,455	31.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	61,600	61,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,400	69,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,585	27.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,400	26,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	38,320	38,320
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.8	87.8
Employment income (%)	71.8	71.8
Government transfers (%)	12.3	12.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	39,915	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	88,000	88,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	78,000	78,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	11,330	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,000	42,000
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	38,400
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	28,585	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,000	110,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,000	97,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	39,915	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	104,200	104,200
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	89,200	89,200
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,350	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,250	52,250
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,960	44,960
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	28,565	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	124,800	124,800
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,800	106,800
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	39,915	100.0
Under $5,000	365	0.9
$5,000 to $9,999	160	0.4
$10,000 to $14,999	275	0.7
$15,000 to $19,999	900	2.3
$20,000 to $24,999	1,500	3.8
$25,000 to $29,999	1,220	3.1
$30,000 to $34,999	1,185	3.0
$35,000 to $39,999	1,420	3.6
$40,000 to $44,999	1,445	3.6
$45,000 to $49,999	1,405	3.5
$50,000 to $59,999	2,960	7.4
$60,000 to $69,999	2,795	7.0
$70,000 to $79,999	2,545	6.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,375	6.0
$90,000 to $99,999	2,190	5.5
$100,000 and over	17,180	43.0
$100,000 to $124,999	4,870	12.2
$125,000 to $149,999	3,780	9.5
$150,000 to $199,999	4,760	11.9
$200,000 and over	3,770	9.4
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	39,915	100.0
Under $5,000	400	1.0
$5,000 to $9,999	165	0.4
$10,000 to $14,999	280	0.7
$15,000 to $19,999	930	2.3
$20,000 to $24,999	1,570	3.9
$25,000 to $29,999	1,385	3.5
$30,000 to $34,999	1,405	3.5
$35,000 to $39,999	1,660	4.2
$40,000 to $44,999	1,640	4.1
$45,000 to $49,999	1,660	4.2
$50,000 to $59,999	3,350	8.4
$60,000 to $69,999	3,170	7.9
$70,000 to $79,999	2,945	7.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,770	6.9
$90,000 to $99,999	2,510	6.3
$100,000 and over	14,070	35.2
$100,000 to $124,999	5,155	12.9
$125,000 to $149,999	3,565	8.9
$150,000 and over	5,355	13.4
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	26,675	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,000	110,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000	96,000
Average family size of economic families	2.9	2.9
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	11,440	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	95,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	84,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,230	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	146,000	146,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,000	125,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	3.9
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,050	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500	69,500
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	65,000
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	18,090	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	37,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	34,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	26,625	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	124,300	124,300
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,100	106,100
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,380	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	109,100	109,100
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,600	93,600
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,260	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	159,200	159,200
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,000	134,000
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,030	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,300	79,300
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,100	71,100
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	18,145	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,720	46,720
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,600	40,600
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	94,560	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,805	18.8
0 to 5 years	5,430	5.7
18 to 64 years	59,090	62.5
65 years and over	17,670	18.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	8,095	...
0 to 17 years	1,530	...
0 to 5 years	455	...
18 to 64 years	4,500	...
65 years and over	2,060	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.6	8.6
0 to 17 years (%)	8.6	8.6
0 to 5 years (%)	8.4	8.4
18 to 64 years (%)	7.6	7.6
65 years and over (%)	11.7	11.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	94,560	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,800	18.8
0 to 5 years	5,430	5.7
18 to 64 years	59,085	62.5
65 years and over	17,670	18.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,625	...
0 to 17 years	500	...
0 to 5 years	130	...
18 to 64 years	2,915	...
65 years and over	215	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.8	3.8
0 to 17 years (%)	2.8	2.8
0 to 5 years (%)	2.3	2.3
18 to 64 years (%)	4.9	4.9
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	94,560	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	42,925	45.4
In bottom decile	8,645	9.1
In second decile	8,135	8.6
In third decile	8,370	8.9
In fourth decile	8,580	9.1
In fifth decile	9,190	9.7
In top half of the distribution	51,635	54.6
In sixth decile	9,565	10.1
In seventh decile	10,155	10.7
In eighth decile	10,715	11.3
In ninth decile	11,650	12.3
In top decile	9,555	10.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	94,560	94,560
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.302	0.302
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.404	0.404
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.269	0.269
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	3.5
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	95,985	100.0
English only	90,245	94.0
French only	15	0.0
English and French	5,300	5.5
Neither English nor French	430	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	95,985	100.0
English	94,665	98.6
French	820	0.9
English and French	100	0.1
Neither English nor French	400	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	95,985	100.0
Single responses	94,175	98.1
Official languages	85,165	88.7
English	84,265	87.8
French	900	0.9
Non-official languages	9,015	9.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	90	0.1
Algonquian languages	25	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	20	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	20	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	25	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	25	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	10	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	5	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	15	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	5	0.0
Salish languages	35	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	5	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	5	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	10	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	15	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	5	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	5	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,920	9.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	130	0.1
Berber languages	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	125	0.1
Amharic	5	0.0
Arabic	110	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	170	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0.0
Vietnamese	165	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	615	0.6
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0.0
Cebuano	25	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0.0
Ilocano	40	0.0
Indonesian	25	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Merina	0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Malay	5	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	480	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Creole languages	5	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	195	0.2
Kannada	10	0.0
Malayalam	100	0.1
Tamil	35	0.0
Telugu	40	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,180	6.4
Albanian	5	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	840	0.9
Baltic languages	10	0.0
Latvian	5	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	830	0.9
Belarusian	0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	0.0
Czech	45	0.0
Macedonian	5	0.0
Polish	175	0.2
Russian	225	0.2
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	135	0.1
Bosnian	15	0.0
Croatian	85	0.1
Serbian	35	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Slovak	35	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0.0
Ukrainian	185	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0.0
Irish	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	5	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,235	1.3
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	850	0.9
German	795	0.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	50	0.1
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	290	0.3
Afrikaans	70	0.1
Dutch	205	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0.0
Scandinavian languages	95	0.1
Danish	45	0.0
Icelandic	5	0.0
Norwegian	20	0.0
Swedish	25	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Greek	50	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,635	2.7
Indo-Aryan languages	2,525	2.6
Assamese	0	0.0
Bengali	170	0.2
Gujarati	85	0.1
Hindi	380	0.4
Kacchi	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0
Marathi	25	0.0
Nepali	50	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,685	1.8
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	0.0
Urdu	90	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Iranian languages	100	0.1
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	10	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	10	0.0
Persian languages	85	0.1
Dari	10	0.0
Iranian Persian	65	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,410	1.5
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	750	0.8
Portuguese	180	0.2
Romanian	45	0.0
Spanish	430	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	160	0.2
Korean	240	0.3
Mongolian	5	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	115	0.1
Akan (Twi)	15	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	0.0
Igbo	10	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	20	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0
Swahili	15	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0
Yoruba	35	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	850	0.9
Chinese languages	845	0.9
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	510	0.5
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	280	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0.0
Burmese	5	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	0.0
Lao	0	0.0
Thai	35	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Kazakh	5	0.0
Turkish	10	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	170	0.2
Estonian	5	0.0
Finnish	55	0.1
Hungarian	105	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,810	1.9
English and French	320	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,360	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	15	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	100	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	95,985	100.0
English	86,680	90.3
French	100	0.1
Non-official language	1,840	1.9
Indigenous³⁹	5	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,835	1.9
English and French	700	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	6,340	6.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	160	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	160	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	95,985	100.0
Single responses	94,710	98.7
Official languages	90,805	94.6
English	90,630	94.4
French	170	0.2
Non-official languages	3,910	4.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	5	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,900	4.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	0.1
Berber languages	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	60	0.1
Amharic	5	0.0
Arabic	50	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	110	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0.0
Vietnamese	110	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	265	0.3
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0
Ilocano	25	0.0
Indonesian	15	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Merina	0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	210	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	80	0.1
Kannada	5	0.0
Malayalam	50	0.1
Tamil	15	0.0
Telugu	15	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,545	2.7
Albanian	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	205	0.2
Baltic languages	5	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0.0
Slavic languages	200	0.2
Belarusian	0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0.0
Czech	10	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	65	0.1
Russian	65	0.1
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	35	0.0
Bosnian	5	0.0
Croatian	20	0.0
Serbian	15	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	5	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0.0
Ukrainian	15	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	215	0.2
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	135	0.1
German	125	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	15	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	75	0.1
Afrikaans	35	0.0
Dutch	30	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	0.0
Danish	5	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	5	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,700	1.8
Indo-Aryan languages	1,650	1.7
Assamese	0	0.0
Bengali	85	0.1
Gujarati	50	0.1
Hindi	220	0.2
Kacchi	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0
Marathi	5	0.0
Nepali	25	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,190	1.2
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	0.0
Urdu	45	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	45	0.0
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	10	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	5	0.0
Persian languages	30	0.0
Dari	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	420	0.4
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	165	0.2
Portuguese	50	0.1
Romanian	15	0.0
Spanish	180	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	70	0.1
Korean	165	0.2
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0
Swahili	5	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Sign languages	35	0.0
American Sign Language	20	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	515	0.5
Chinese languages	515	0.5
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	325	0.3
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	165	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0.0
Lao	0	0.0
Thai	10	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0
Turkish	0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	20	0.0
Hungarian	5	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,275	1.3
English and French	100	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,140	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	95,985	100.0
None	89,645	93.4
English	1,700	1.8
French	565	0.6
Non-official language	3,285	3.4
Indigenous³⁹	110	0.1
Non-Indigenous	3,170	3.3
English and French	15	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	280	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	100	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	390	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	94,555	100.0
Official languages	94,175	99.6
English	94,170	99.6
French	5,285	5.6
Non-official languages	12,950	13.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	345	0.4
Algonquian languages	110	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	90	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	85	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	40	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	40	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	60	0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	60	0.1
Dakelh (Carrier)	10	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	20	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	30	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	30	0.0
Salish languages	155	0.2
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	20	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	125	0.1
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	20	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,615	13.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	285	0.3
Berber languages	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0.0
Hausa	10	0.0
Mina	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	10	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	275	0.3
Amharic	10	0.0
Arabic	245	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0.0
Maltese	10	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	130	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0.0
Vietnamese	130	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	815	0.9
Bikol	20	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0.0
Cebuano	50	0.1
Fijian	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0.0
Ilocano	55	0.1
Indonesian	25	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	0.0
Merina	0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Malay	35	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	735	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0.0
Creole languages	15	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	300	0.3
Kannada	15	0.0
Malayalam	160	0.2
Tamil	115	0.1
Telugu	60	0.1
Tulu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,965	9.5
Albanian	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	930	1.0
Baltic languages	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	930	1.0
Belarusian	0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	0.0
Czech	50	0.1
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	160	0.2
Russian	345	0.4
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	205	0.2
Bosnian	45	0.0
Croatian	160	0.2
Serbian	40	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Slovak	30	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	0.0
Ukrainian	195	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	0.0
Irish	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	10	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,915	2.0
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	1,365	1.4
German	1,335	1.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	55	0.1
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	455	0.5
Afrikaans	165	0.2
Dutch	235	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	15	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	30	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	150	0.2
Danish	65	0.1
Icelandic	10	0.0
Norwegian	30	0.0
Swedish	55	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Greek	75	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	3,535	3.7
Indo-Aryan languages	3,415	3.6
Assamese	0	0.0
Bengali	165	0.2
Gujarati	135	0.1
Hindi	1,455	1.5
Kacchi	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Konkani	10	0.0
Marathi	40	0.0
Nepali	95	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,285	2.4
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	20	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	0.0
Urdu	340	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	0.0
Iranian languages	145	0.2
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	20	0.0
Persian languages	105	0.1
Dari	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	90	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,765	2.9
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	1,000	1.1
Portuguese	295	0.3
Romanian	75	0.1
Spanish	1,495	1.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	490	0.5
Korean	240	0.3
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	345	0.4
Akan (Twi)	40	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0
Igbo	35	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0
Ndebele	15	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	50	0.1
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0
Swahili	65	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0
Yoruba	110	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	60	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Sign languages	120	0.1
American Sign Language	105	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,000	1.1
Chinese languages	980	1.0
Hakka	10	0.0
Mandarin	695	0.7
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	55	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	330	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	65	0.1
Lao	0	0.0
Thai	60	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	45	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Kazakh	15	0.0
Turkish	25	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	225	0.2
Estonian	10	0.0
Finnish	85	0.1
Hungarian	130	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	94,560	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	9,885	10.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	9,500	10.0
First Nations (North American Indian)	5,460	5.8
Métis	4,020	4.3
Inuk (Inuit)	25	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	260	0.3
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	130	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	84,675	89.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	94,560	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	3,980	4.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	90,575	95.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	39,910	100.0
Owner	27,960	70.1
Renter	11,955	30.0
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	0.0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	39,910	100.0
Condominium	6,895	17.3
Not condominium	33,020	82.7
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	39,910	100.0
No bedrooms	480	1.2
1 bedroom	4,810	12.1
2 bedrooms	9,120	22.9
3 bedrooms	11,555	29.0
4 or more bedrooms	13,950	35.0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	39,910	100.0
1 to 4 rooms	10,740	26.9
5 rooms	5,290	13.3
6 rooms	4,990	12.5
7 rooms	4,685	11.7
8 or more rooms	14,205	35.6
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	6.5
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	39,910	100.0
One person or fewer per room	39,455	98.9
More than one person per room	460	1.2
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	39,910	100.0
Suitable	38,490	96.4
Not suitable	1,425	3.6
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	39,910	100.0
1960 or before	4,245	10.6
1961 to 1980	16,020	40.1
1981 to 1990	4,245	10.6
1991 to 2000	6,020	15.1
2001 to 2005	1,700	4.3
2006 to 2010	2,765	6.9
2011 to 2015	2,145	5.4
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,770	6.9
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	39,910	100.0
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	37,890	94.9
Major repairs needed	2,020	5.1
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	39,910	100.0
One-maintainer household	19,510	48.9
Two-maintainer household	18,095	45.3
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,310	5.8
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	39,910	100.0
15 to 24 years	1,575	3.9
25 to 34 years	5,955	14.9
35 to 44 years	6,715	16.8
45 to 54 years	6,640	16.6
55 to 64 years	7,695	19.3
65 to 74 years	6,470	16.2
75 to 84 years	3,610	9.0
85 years and over	1,255	3.1
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	39,795	100.0
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	32,240	81.0
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,550	19.0
30% to less than 100%	6,900	17.3
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	39,910	100.0
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	10,215	25.6
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,900	17.3
Not suitable only	1,100	2.8
Major repairs needed only	1,460	3.7
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	195	0.5
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	430	1.1
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	105	0.3
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	0.1
Acceptable housing	29,700	74.4
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	39,140	100.0
In core need	3,795	9.7
Not in core need	35,345	90.3
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	27,910	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	60.2	60.2
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.3	11.3
% in core housing need⁶³	4.1	4.1
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,300	1,300
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,406	1,406
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	552,000	552,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	567,000	567,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	11,950	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.1	12.1
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	36.9	36.9
% in core housing need⁶³	23.1	23.1
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,180	1,180
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,256	1,256
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	94,560	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,190	3.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,105	3.3
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,415	2.6
Métis single ancestry	680	0.7
Inuit single ancestry	15	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	85	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	85	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	7,290	7.7
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	6,945	7.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,390	4.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,515	2.7
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	340	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	335	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	84,075	88.9
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	94,560	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	89,210	94.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	17,440	18.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	71,775	75.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,350	5.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	94,560	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	82,550	87.3
Immigrants⁸¹	9,335	9.9
Before 1980	3,515	3.7
1980 to 1990	970	1.0
1991 to 2000	1,080	1.1
2001 to 2010	1,470	1.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,300	2.4
2011 to 2015	955	1.0
2016 to 2021	1,340	1.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,675	2.8
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	9,330	100.0
Under 5 years	1,180	12.6
5 to 14 years	1,725	18.5
15 to 24 years	2,020	21.7
25 to 44 years	3,860	41.4
45 years and over	545	5.8
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	9,330	100.0
Americas	1,225	13.1
Brazil	40	0.4
Colombia	45	0.5
El Salvador	30	0.3
Guyana	10	0.1
Haiti	0	0.0
Jamaica	15	0.2
Mexico	100	1.1
Peru	10	0.1
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0.1
United States of America	790	8.5
Other places of birth in Americas	185	2.0
Europe	3,900	41.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	55	0.6
Croatia	95	1.0
France	45	0.5
Germany	555	5.9
Greece	20	0.2
Hungary	70	0.8
Italy	535	5.7
Netherlands	205	2.2
Poland	135	1.4
Portugal	100	1.1
Romania	75	0.8
Russian Federation	75	0.8
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0.1
Ukraine	45	0.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,425	15.3
Other places of birth in Europe	445	4.8
Africa	555	5.9
Algeria	0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0.0
Egypt	20	0.2
Eritrea	0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0.0
Morocco	15	0.2
Nigeria	100	1.1
Somalia	10	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	250	2.7
Other places of birth in Africa	170	1.8
Asia	3,390	36.3
Afghanistan	0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	50	0.5
Iraq	0	0.0
Lebanon	15	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	30	0.3
Turkey	0	0.0
China⁹⁰	320	3.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	65	0.7
Korea, South⁹²	120	1.3
Taiwan	45	0.5
Philippines	750	8.0
Viet Nam	85	0.9
Bangladesh	40	0.4
India	1,240	13.3
Pakistan	190	2.0
Sri Lanka	10	0.1
Other places of birth in Asia	405	4.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	260	2.8
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,340	100.0
Americas	125	9.3
Brazil	15	1.1
Colombia	10	0.7
Haiti	0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0.0
Mexico	20	1.5
United States of America	60	4.5
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	1.1
Europe	135	10.1
France	10	0.7
Germany	10	0.7
Ireland⁹⁶	15	1.1
Italy	0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0.0
Ukraine	20	1.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	60	4.5
Other places of birth in Europe	25	1.9
Africa	180	13.4
Algeria	0	0.0
Burundi	0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0.0
Egypt	10	0.7
Eritrea	0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0.0
Morocco	0	0.0
Nigeria	50	3.7
Somalia	0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	70	5.2
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0.0
Tunisia	10	0.7
Other places of birth in Africa	45	3.4
Asia	850	63.4
Afghanistan	0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0.0
China⁹⁰	50	3.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0.0
India	300	22.4
Iran⁸⁸	0	0.0
Iraq	0	0.0
Israel	0	0.0
Japan	15	1.1
Jordan	0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	25	1.9
Lebanon	0	0.0
Nepal	0	0.0
Pakistan	40	3.0
Philippines	295	22.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	0.7
Syria⁸⁹	30	2.2
Turkey	0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0.0
Viet Nam	10	0.7
Other places of birth in Asia	50	3.7
Oceania and other⁹³	50	3.7
Australia	35	2.6
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	0.7
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	94,560	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	12,815	13.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	15,420	16.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	66,325	70.1
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,815	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,060	52.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,350	23.2
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,720	29.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,240	38.5
Refugees¹⁰⁸	435	7.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	75	1.3
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,815	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	115	2.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,045	18.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	265	4.6
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	560	9.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	35	0.6
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,790	65.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	94,560	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	10,245	10.8
South Asian	4,260	4.5
Chinese	1,295	1.4
Black	985	1.0
Filipino	1,100	1.2
Arab	175	0.2
Latin American	490	0.5
Southeast Asian	310	0.3
West Asian	145	0.2
Korean	250	0.3
Japanese	875	0.9
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	110	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	260	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	84,315	89.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	94,555	100.0
Canadian	12,770	13.5
English	27,205	28.8
Irish	17,005	18.0
Scottish	21,540	22.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	9,220	9.8
German	15,705	16.6
Chinese	1,435	1.5
Italian	5,265	5.6
Indian (India)	2,530	2.7
Ukrainian	6,710	7.1
Dutch	4,605	4.9
Polish	3,560	3.8
Québécois	105	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,785	4.0
Filipino	1,100	1.2
French Canadian	1,025	1.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,975	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,890	4.1
Métis	3,620	3.8
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,550	2.7
Russian	2,685	2.8
Norwegian	4,045	4.3
Welsh	2,330	2.5
Portuguese	575	0.6
American	1,695	1.8
Spanish	745	0.8
Swedish	3,345	3.5
Hungarian	1,520	1.6
Acadian	160	0.2
Pakistani	210	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	380	0.4
Jewish	380	0.4
Punjabi	560	0.6
Vietnamese	200	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	95	0.1
Greek	385	0.4
Jamaican	120	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	325	0.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	950	1.0
Korean	230	0.2
Romanian	620	0.7
Lebanese	135	0.1
Iranian	95	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	160	0.2
Danish	1,465	1.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	705	0.7
Sikh	570	0.6
Austrian	1,245	1.3
Belgian	520	0.5
Haitian	0	0.0
Hindu	160	0.2
Mexican	410	0.4
Mennonite	250	0.3
Swiss	765	0.8
Finnish	990	1.0
Sri Lankan	55	0.1
Croatian	495	0.5
Japanese	995	1.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	135	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	70	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	905	1.0
Muslim	95	0.1
Egyptian	40	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	105	0.1
Tamil	20	0.0
Icelandic	635	0.7
Colombian	75	0.1
Moroccan	15	0.0
Czech	440	0.5
Syrian	80	0.1
Guyanese	20	0.0
Afghan	0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	75	0.1
Serbian	110	0.1
Ojibway	165	0.2
Newfoundlander	170	0.2
Hong Konger	25	0.0
Ontarian	80	0.1
Persian	50	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	35	0.0
Turkish	35	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	65	0.1
Bangladeshi	80	0.1
Algerian	10	0.0
Brazilian	90	0.1
Nigerian	175	0.2
Armenian	0	0.0
Slovak	315	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	270	0.3
Somali	15	0.0
Taiwanese	105	0.1
Iraqi	15	0.0
Salvadorean	15	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	80	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	45	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20	0.0
Algonquin	15	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0.0
Lithuanian	155	0.2
South African	285	0.3
Australian	300	0.3
Palestinian	0	0.0
Chilean	105	0.1
Congolese	0	0.0
Nova Scotian	45	0.0
Ethiopian	10	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	0.0
Peruvian	10	0.0
Yoruba	95	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	0.0
Berber	0	0.0
Albanian	15	0.0
Maltese	45	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Slovenian	140	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	190	0.2
New Brunswicker	30	0.0
Gujarati	40	0.0
Eritrean	0	0.0
African Canadian	30	0.0
Israeli	25	0.0
Mohawk	40	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	175	0.2
Bulgarian	15	0.0
Albertan	140	0.1
Ghanaian	30	0.0
Barbadian	15	0.0
African American	65	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	180	0.2
Tunisian	15	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	65	0.1
Cuban	30	0.0
Bosnian	70	0.1
Venezuelan	0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0.0
Latvian	90	0.1
Bengali	0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0.0
Indonesian	85	0.1
Laotian	10	0.0
Ilocano	40	0.0
Northern Irish	75	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	120	0.1
British Columbian	635	0.7
Ecuadorian	10	0.0
Franco Ontarian	25	0.0
Argentinian	40	0.0
Estonian	50	0.1
Kurdish	0	0.0
Fijian	15	0.0
Jatt	20	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	45	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Thai	55	0.1
Dominican	0	0.0
Nepali	85	0.1
Kabyle	0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0.0
Igbo	35	0.0
Byelorussian	50	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	20	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	55	0.1
Abenaki	0	0.0
Moldovan	10	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	25	0.0
New Zealander	155	0.2
Sudanese	30	0.0
Breton	15	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	45	0.0
Malaysian	60	0.1
Plains Cree	25	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	20	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	135	0.1
Buddhist	15	0.0
Gaspesian	10	0.0
Norman	35	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0.0
Saulteaux	30	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	25	0.0
Burundian	0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0.0
Nicaraguan	15	0.0
Mauritian	0	0.0
Kenyan	15	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0.0
Manitoban	20	0.0
Cape Bretoner	20	0.0
Rwandan	0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0.0
Malayali	20	0.0
Chaldean	0	0.0
Sinhalese	15	0.0
Mayan	0	0.0
Honduran	10	0.0
Cherokee	95	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0.0
Flemish	50	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	35	0.0
Senegalese	0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Sicilian	15	0.0
Pashtun	0	0.0
Malay	10	0.0
Goan	0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Zimbabwean	45	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Mongolian	70	0.1
Azorean	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0.0
Central African	0	0.0
Libyan	0	0.0
Basque	15	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	10	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0.0
Igorot	15	0.0
Fulani	0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0.0
Guinean	0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0.0
Beninese	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Roma	30	0.0
Costa Rican	15	0.0
African Nova Scotian	20	0.0
Malagasy	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0.0
Karen	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Tajik	0	0.0
Amhara	0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	94,560	100.0
Buddhist	440	0.5
Christian	31,790	33.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,575	8.0
Anabaptist	160	0.2
Anglican	3,000	3.2
Baptist	1,225	1.3
Catholic	10,620	11.2
Christian Orthodox	465	0.5
Jehovah's Witness	600	0.6
Latter Day Saints	380	0.4
Lutheran	1,360	1.4
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	90	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	875	0.9
Presbyterian	460	0.5
Reformed	85	0.1
United Church	3,110	3.3
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,805	1.9
Hindu	995	1.1
Jewish	85	0.1
Muslim	890	0.9
Sikh	2,005	2.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	190	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	925	1.0
No religion and secular perspectives	57,245	60.5
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	93,685	100.0
Non-movers	80,220	85.6
Movers	13,465	14.4
Non-migrants	8,870	9.5
Migrants	4,600	4.9
Internal migrants	4,055	4.3
Intraprovincial migrants	2,815	3.0
Interprovincial migrants	1,235	1.3
External migrants	545	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	90,120	100.0
Non-movers	49,480	54.9
Movers	40,645	45.1
Non-migrants	20,585	22.8
Migrants	20,055	22.3
Internal migrants	16,880	18.7
Intraprovincial migrants	12,495	13.9
Interprovincial migrants	4,385	4.9
External migrants	3,175	3.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	79,775	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	12,165	15.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	67,605	84.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	50,805	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,355	8.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	46,445	91.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	79,775	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,475	13.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	26,825	33.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,470	53.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	26,185	32.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,445	10.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,000	3.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,440	6.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,705	17.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,035	5.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,285	20.4
Bachelor's degree	10,945	13.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,275	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	490	0.6
Master's degree	3,130	3.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	445	0.6
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	50,805	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,540	7.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	15,460	30.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	31,810	62.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,800	37.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,930	11.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,025	4.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,905	7.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,880	19.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,985	5.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,010	25.6
Bachelor's degree	8,815	17.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	980	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	390	0.8
Master's degree	2,505	4.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	325	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	79,775	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	37,305	46.8
Education	3,435	4.3
13. Education	3,435	4.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	940	1.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	75	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	860	1.1
Humanities	1,600	2.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	110	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	440	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	530	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	75	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	185	0.2
54. History	230	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,575	4.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	315	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	720	0.9
22. Legal professions and studies	755	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	0.1
42. Psychology	635	0.8
45. Social sciences	1,055	1.3
Business, management and public administration	8,435	10.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,210	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,215	9.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,635	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	715	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	395	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0.0
40. Physical sciences	400	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	100	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,140	1.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	960	1.2
25. Library science	65	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	110	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,465	11.9
04. Architecture and related services	140	0.2
14. Engineering	1,200	1.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,665	2.1
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,775	3.5
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,620	3.3
48. Precision production	1,075	1.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,625	2.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	575	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,050	1.3
Health and related fields	7,860	9.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	345	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,295	9.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	205	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,735	3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,620	2.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	420	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	690	0.9
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	50,805	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	19,000	37.4
Education	2,290	4.5
13. Education	2,290	4.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	780	1.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	45	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	740	1.5
Humanities	1,185	2.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	95	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	315	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	360	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	120	0.2
54. History	200	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,825	5.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	245	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	560	1.1
22. Legal professions and studies	635	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	0.1
42. Psychology	500	1.0
45. Social sciences	830	1.6
Business, management and public administration	6,370	12.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	915	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,455	10.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,270	2.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	580	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	310	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	310	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	940	1.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	825	1.6
25. Library science	40	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	70	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,840	13.5
04. Architecture and related services	115	0.2
14. Engineering	905	1.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,220	2.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,980	3.9
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,815	3.6
48. Precision production	800	1.6
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,320	2.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	475	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	845	1.7
Health and related fields	5,930	11.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	295	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,450	10.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	175	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,045	4.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,220	2.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	295	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	530	1.0
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	50,805	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,000	37.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	31,805	62.6
Location of study inside Canada	28,635	56.4
Same as province or territory of residence	23,475	46.2
Different than province or territory of residence	5,160	10.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,170	6.2
Americas	750	1.5
United States of America	600	1.2
Mexico	60	0.1
Cuba	0	0.0
Haiti	0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0.0
Brazil	25	0.0
Colombia	30	0.1
Peru	0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	30	0.1
Europe	625	1.2
Belgium	0	0.0
France	10	0.0
Germany	50	0.1
Netherlands	20	0.0
Switzerland	15	0.0
Hungary	10	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0.0
Poland	0	0.0
Romania	10	0.0
Russian Federation	15	0.0
Ukraine	30	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	25	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	355	0.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	0.0
Italy	0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	50	0.1
Africa	240	0.5
Nigeria	55	0.1
Algeria	0	0.0
Morocco	10	0.0
Tunisia	10	0.0
Egypt	0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	90	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	65	0.1
Asia	1,380	2.7
Iran⁸⁸	35	0.1
Iraq	0	0.0
Israel	0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0.0
Turkey	0	0.0
China⁹⁰	85	0.2
Taiwan	20	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0.0
Japan	55	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	50	0.1
Philippines	280	0.6
Viet Nam	10	0.0
Bangladesh	20	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0.0
India	645	1.3
Pakistan	50	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	85	0.2
Oceania	175	0.3
Australia	120	0.2
New Zealand	40	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	15	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	79,775	...
In the labour force	51,030	...
Employed	47,235	...
Unemployed	3,800	...
Not in the labour force	28,745	...
Participation rate	64.0	64.0
Employment rate	59.2	59.2
Unemployment rate	7.4	7.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	79,775	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	29,170	36.6
Worked	50,605	63.4
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	26,275	32.9
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	24,335	30.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.3	41.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	51,030	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,005	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	50,025	98.0
Employee	43,895	86.0
Permanent position	36,885	72.3
Temporary position	7,015	13.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,755	3.4
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,260	10.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,130	12.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	51,030	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,005	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	50,025	98.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	255	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,510	14.7
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,090	6.1
3 Health occupations	4,915	9.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,240	12.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,030	2.0
6 Sales and service occupations	13,475	26.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,575	20.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,560	3.1
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,375	2.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	51,030	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,005	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	50,025	98.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	595	1.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,575	3.1
22 Utilities	285	0.6
23 Construction	4,580	9.0
31-33 Manufacturing	2,350	4.6
41 Wholesale trade	1,405	2.8
44-45 Retail trade	6,950	13.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,880	5.6
51 Information and cultural industries	495	1.0
52 Finance and insurance	1,115	2.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	820	1.6
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,230	6.3
55 Management of companies and enterprises	65	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,010	3.9
61 Educational services	3,420	6.7
62 Health care and social assistance	7,955	15.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,210	2.4
72 Accommodation and food services	3,750	7.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,215	4.3
91 Public administration	3,125	6.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	54,585	100.0
English	53,665	98.3
French	60	0.1
Non-official language	140	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	140	0.3
English and French	195	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	525	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	54,585	100.0
Single responses	54,495	99.8
Official languages	54,275	99.4
English	54,175	99.2
French	100	0.2
Non-official languages	220	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	220	0.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0.0
Amharic	0	0.0
Arabic	0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0.0
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	110	0.2
Albanian	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0
Czech	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	0	0.0
Russian	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0
Croatian	0	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0.0
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	0	0.0
German	0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	85	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	85	0.2
Bengali	0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0
Hindi	0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	80	0.1
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0
Urdu	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0.0
Dari	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	0.0
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0.0
Romanian	0	0.0
Spanish	25	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	0	0.0
Korean	30	0.1
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	70	0.1
Chinese languages	70	0.1
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	40	0.1
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0.0
Lao	0	0.0
Thai	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Turkish	0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Multiple responses	90	0.2
English and French	20	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	65	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	54,585	100.0
None	53,945	98.8
English	120	0.2
French	135	0.2
Non-official language	300	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	30	0.1
Non-Indigenous	270	0.5
English and French	0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	80	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	47,235	100.0
Worked at home	6,360	13.5
Worked outside Canada	65	0.1
No fixed workplace address	7,325	15.5
Usual place of work	33,480	70.9
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	33,480	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	28,675	85.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,890	11.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	695	2.1
Commute to a different province or territory	220	0.7
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	40,800	100.0
Car, truck or van	35,645	87.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	33,190	81.3
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,455	6.0
Public transit	1,840	4.5
Walked	2,075	5.1
Bicycle	385	0.9
Other method	855	2.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	40,800	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	17,330	42.5
15 to 29 minutes	17,630	43.2
30 to 44 minutes	3,000	7.4
45 to 59 minutes	1,215	3.0
60 minutes and over	1,625	4.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	40,800	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,935	7.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,385	18.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,015	27.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,575	21.0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,555	11.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,330	15.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	18,180	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,090	6.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,090	94.0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	13,405	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	835	6.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	510	3.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	325	2.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,570	93.8

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...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed March 8, 2026).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2025-12-10

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